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Pereira ME, Lima LS, Souza JV, de Souza da Costa N, da Silva JF, Guiloski IC, Irioda AC, Oliveira CS. Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Effect of Organic Selenium Compounds: An in Vitro Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2954-2965. [PMID: 37803188 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for human health and plays an important role in the development and maintenance of central nervous system functions. Se deficiency has been associated with cognitive decline and increased oxidative stress. The increase in oxidative stress is one of the hypotheses for the emergence and worsening of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). To investigate the neuroprotective effects of organic Se compounds in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) differentiated into cholinergic neurons-like. The SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated into cholinergic neuron-like with retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). AD was mimicked exposing the cells to okadaic acid (OA) and beta-amyloid protein (Aβ). The neuroprotective effect of organic Se compounds, selenomethionine (SeMet) and Ebselen, was evaluated through cell viability tests, acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme activities, and detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS). None of the SeMet concentrations tested protected against the toxic effect of OA + Aβ. On the other hand, previous exposure to 0.1 and 1 µM Ebselen protected cells from the toxic effect of OA + Aβ. Cell differentiation induced by RA and BDNF exposure was effective, showing characteristics of neuronal cells, and pointing to a promising model of AD. Ebselen showed a protective effect, but more studies are needed to identify the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meire Ellen Pereira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiza Siqueira Lima
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Júlia Vicentin Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Nayara de Souza da Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira da Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Izonete Cristina Guiloski
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Ikeda Y, Fujii J. The Emerging Roles of γ-Glutamyl Peptides Produced by γ-Glutamyltransferase and the Glutathione Synthesis System. Cells 2023; 12:2831. [PMID: 38132151 PMCID: PMC10741565 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
L-γ-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine is commonly referred to as glutathione (GSH); this ubiquitous thiol plays essential roles in animal life. Conjugation and electron donation to enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) are prominent functions of GSH. Cellular glutathione balance is robustly maintained via regulated synthesis, which is catalyzed via the coordination of γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) and glutathione synthetase, as well as by reductive recycling by glutathione reductase. A prevailing short supply of L-cysteine (Cys) tends to limit glutathione synthesis, which leads to the production of various other γ-glutamyl peptides due to the unique enzymatic properties of γ-GCS. Extracellular degradation of glutathione by γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a dominant source of Cys for some cells. GGT catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of the γ-glutamyl group of glutathione or transfers it to amino acids or to dipeptides outside cells. Such processes depend on an abundance of acceptor substrates. However, the physiological roles of extracellularly preserved γ-glutamyl peptides have long been unclear. The identification of γ-glutamyl peptides, such as glutathione, as allosteric modulators of calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs) could provide insights into the significance of the preservation of γ-glutamyl peptides. It is conceivable that GGT could generate a new class of intercellular messaging molecules in response to extracellular microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata City 990-9585, Japan
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Qian J, Li Y, Wang Y, Ye Q, Luo H. Effects of tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside derivatives on free radical damage and apoptosis in APP695V717I transgenic mice. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2259246. [PMID: 37728223 PMCID: PMC10512761 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2259246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction leading to overproduction of oxygen free radicals is an important event in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside (TSG) is one of the main effective components of Polygonum multiflorum and has a certain free radical scavenging effect. We synthesized tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside derivatives (Mito-TSGs) that can cross the mitochondrial membrane and may provide effective protection against Alzheimer's disease. This experiment investigates the protective mechanism of tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside derivatives against mitochondrial free radical damage and apoptosis in APP695V717I transgenic model mice. The experimental subjects were healthy 3-month-old APP695V717I transgenic model mice, while C57BL/6J mice of the same age and genetic background served as controls. The results demonstrated that the tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside derivatives significantly improved mouse behavioral performance. It also led to a decrease in the levels of H2O2, NO, MDA, and LD, along with an increase in LDH activity and in the antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px. Moreover, it elevated the mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased the gene and protein expression of Caspase-3 and Bax, and increased the gene and protein expression of Bcl-2. Notably, the effectiveness of tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside derivatives was superior to that of traditional tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qian
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qunying Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Luo
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
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Fabrile MP, Ghidini S, Caligiani A, Scali F, Varrà MO, Lolli V, Alborali GL, Ianieri A, Zanardi E. 1H NMR Metabolomics on Pigs' Liver Exposed to Antibiotics Administration: An Explorative Study. Foods 2023; 12:4259. [PMID: 38231703 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
An untargeted Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics approach was applied as a first attempt to explore the metabolome of pigs treated with antibiotics. The final goal was to investigate the possibility of discriminating between antibiotic-treated (TX group) and untreated pigs (CTRL group), with the further perspective of identifying the authentication tools for antibiotic-free pork supply chains. In particular, 41 samples of pig liver were subjected to a biphasic extraction to recover both the polar and the non-polar metabolites, and the 1H NMR spectroscopy analysis was performed on the two separate extracts. Unsupervised (principal component analysis) and supervised (orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis) multivariate statistical analysis of 1H NMR spectra data in the range 0-9 ppm provided metabolomic fingerprinting useful for the discrimination of pig livers based on the antibiotic treatment to which they were exposed. Moreover, within the signature patterns, significant discriminating metabolites were identified among carbohydrates, choline and derivatives, amino acids and some lipid-class molecules. The encouraging findings of this exploratory study showed the feasibility of the untargeted metabolomic approach as a novel strategy in the authentication framework of pork supply chains and open a new horizon for a more in-depth investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Fabrile
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Sergio Ghidini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Augusta Caligiani
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Scali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Olga Varrà
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Veronica Lolli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Adriana Ianieri
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zanardi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Cattani D, Pierozan P, Zamoner A, Brittebo E, Karlsson O. Long-Term Effects of Perinatal Exposure to a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide on Melatonin Levels and Oxidative Brain Damage in Adult Male Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1825. [PMID: 37891904 PMCID: PMC10604376 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerns have been raised regarding the potential adverse health effects of the ubiquitous herbicide glyphosate. Here, we investigated long-term effects of developmental exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) by analyzing serum melatonin levels and cellular changes in the striatum of adult male rats (90 days old). Pregnant and lactating rats were exposed to 3% GBH (0.36% glyphosate) through drinking water from gestational day 5 to postnatal day 15. The offspring showed reduced serum melatonin levels (43%) at the adult age compared with the control group. The perinatal exposure to GBH also induced long-term oxidative stress-related changes in the striatum demonstrated by increased lipid peroxidation (45%) and DNA/RNA oxidation (39%) together with increased protein levels of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD1, 24%), glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC, 58%), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1, 31%). Moreover, perinatal GBH exposure significantly increased the total number of neurons (20%) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons (38%) in the adult striatum. Mechanistic in vitro studies with primary rat pinealocytes exposed to 50 µM glyphosate demonstrated a decreased melatonin secretion partially through activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3), while higher glyphosate levels (100 or 500 µM) also reduced the pinealocyte viability. Since decreased levels of the important antioxidant and neuroprotector melatonin have been associated with an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders, this demonstrates the need to consider the melatonin hormone system as a central endocrine-related target of glyphosate and other environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Cattani
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.C.); (P.P.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-970, Brazil;
| | - Paula Pierozan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-970, Brazil;
| | - Eva Brittebo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Oskar Karlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.C.); (P.P.)
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Koza LA, Pena C, Russell M, Smith AC, Molnar J, Devine M, Serkova NJ, Linseman DA. Immunocal® limits gliosis in mouse models of repetitive mild-moderate traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2023; 1808:148338. [PMID: 36966959 PMCID: PMC10258892 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Successive traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) exacerbate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. No therapeutics exist for populations at high risk of repetitive mild TBIs (rmTBIs). We explored the preventative therapeutic effects of Immunocal®, a cysteine-rich whey protein supplement and glutathione (GSH) precursor, following rmTBI and repetitive mild-moderate TBI (rmmTBI). Populations that suffer rmTBIs largely go undiagnosed and untreated; therefore, we first examined the potential therapeutic effect of Immunocal® long-term following rmTBI. Mice were treated with Immunocal® prior to, during, and following rmTBI induced by controlled cortical impact until analysis at 2 weeks, 2 months, and 6 months following the last rmTBI. Astrogliosis and microgliosis were measured in cortex at each time point and edema and macrophage infiltration by MRI were analyzed at 2 months post-rmTBI. Immunocal® significantly reduced astrogliosis at 2 weeks and 2 months post-rmTBI. Macrophage activation was observed at 2 months post-rmTBI but Immunocal® had no significant effect on this endpoint. We did not observe significant microgliosis or edema after rmTBI. The dosing regimen was repeated in mice subjected to rmmTBI; however, using this experimental paradigm, we examined the preventative therapeutic effects of Immunocal® at a much earlier timepoint because populations that suffer more severe rmmTBIs are more likely to receive acute diagnosis and treatment. Increases in astrogliosis, microgliosis, and serum neurofilament light (NfL), as well as reductions in the GSH:GSSG ratio, were observed 72 h post-rmmTBI. Immunocal® only significantly reduced microgliosis after rmmTBI. In summary, we report that astrogliosis persists for 2 months post-rmTBI and that inflammation, neuronal damage, and altered redox homeostasis present acutely following rmmTBI. Immunocal® significantly limited gliosis in these models; however, its neuroprotection was partially overwhelmed by repetitive injury. Treatments that modulate distinct aspects of TBI pathophysiology, used in combination with GSH precursors like Immunocal®, may show more protection in these repetitive TBI models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia A Koza
- University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80208, United States; University of Denver, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Claudia Pena
- University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80208, United States; University of Denver, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Madison Russell
- University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80208, United States; University of Denver, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Alec C Smith
- University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80208, United States; University of Denver, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Jacob Molnar
- University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80208, United States; University of Denver, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Maeve Devine
- University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80208, United States; University of Denver, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Daniel A Linseman
- University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80208, United States; University of Denver, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Denver, CO 80208, United States.
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Yan G, Ni H, Li X, Qi X, Yang X, Zou H. Plasmonic Cu 2-xSe Mediated Colorimetric/Photothermal Dual-Readout Detection of Glutathione. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111787. [PMID: 37299690 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanomaterials have attracted great attention in the field of catalysis and sensing for their outstanding electrical and optical properties. Here, a representative type of nonstoichiometric Cu2-xSe nanoparticles with typical near-infrared (NIR) localized surface plasma resonance (LSPR) properties originating from their copper deficiency was applied to catalyze the oxidation of colorless TMB into their blue product in the presence of H2O2, indicating they had good peroxidase-like activity. However, glutathione (GSH) inhibited the catalytic oxidation of TMB, as it can consume the reactive oxygen species. Meanwhile, it can induce the reduction of Cu(II) in Cu2-xSe, resulting in a decrease in the degree of copper deficiency, which can lead to a reduction in the LSPR. Therefore, the catalytic ability and photothermal responses of Cu2-xSe were decreased. Thus, in our work, a colorimetric/photothermal dual-readout array was developed for the detection of GSH. The linear calibration for GSH concentration was in the range of 1-50 μM with the LOD as 0.13 μM and 50-800 μM with the LOD as 39.27 μM. To evaluate the practicability of the assay, tomatoes and cucumbers were selected as real samples, and good recoveries indicated that the developed assay had great potential in real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huanhuan Ni
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Hongyan Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Fujii J, Osaki T, Soma Y, Matsuda Y. Critical Roles of the Cysteine-Glutathione Axis in the Production of γ-Glutamyl Peptides in the Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098044. [PMID: 37175751 PMCID: PMC10179188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl moiety that is attached to the cysteine (Cys) residue in glutathione (GSH) protects it from peptidase-mediated degradation. The sulfhydryl group of the Cys residue represents most of the functions of GSH, which include electron donation to peroxidases, protection of reactive sulfhydryl in proteins via glutaredoxin, and glutathione conjugation of xenobiotics, whereas Cys-derived sulfur is also a pivotal component of some redox-responsive molecules. The amount of Cys that is available tends to restrict the capacity of GSH synthesis. In in vitro systems, cystine is the major form in the extracellular milieu, and a specific cystine transporter, xCT, is essential for survival in most lines of cells and in many primary cultivated cells as well. A reduction in the supply of Cys causes GPX4 to be inhibited due to insufficient GSH synthesis, which leads to iron-dependent necrotic cell death, ferroptosis. Cells generally cannot take up GSH without the removal of γ-glutamyl moiety by γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) on the cell surface. Meanwhile, the Cys-GSH axis is essentially common to certain types of cells; primarily, neuronal cells that contain a unique metabolic system for intercellular communication concerning γ-glutamyl peptides. After a general description of metabolic processes concerning the Cys-GSH axis, we provide an overview and discuss the significance of GSH-related compounds in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Osaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yuya Soma
- Graduate School of Nursing, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuda
- Graduate School of Nursing, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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Zhang W, Young JI, Gomez L, Schmidt MA, Lukacsovich D, Varma A, Chen XS, Martin ER, Wang L. Distinct CSF biomarker-associated DNA methylation in Alzheimer's disease and cognitively normal subjects. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:78. [PMID: 37038196 PMCID: PMC10088180 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence has demonstrated that DNA methylation (DNAm) plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that DNAm differences can be detected in the blood of AD subjects. Most studies have correlated blood DNAm with the clinical diagnosis of AD in living individuals. However, as the pathophysiological process of AD can begin many years before the onset of clinical symptoms, there is often disagreement between neuropathology in the brain and clinical phenotypes. Therefore, blood DNAm associated with AD neuropathology, rather than with clinical data, would provide more relevant information on AD pathogenesis. METHODS We performed a comprehensive analysis to identify blood DNAm associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathological biomarkers for AD. Our study included matched samples of whole blood DNA methylation, CSF Aβ42, phosphorylated tau181 (pTau181), and total tau (tTau) biomarkers data, measured on the same subjects and at the same clinical visits from a total of 202 subjects (123 CN or cognitively normal, 79 AD) in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. To validate our findings, we also examined the association between premortem blood DNAm and postmortem brain neuropathology measured on a group of 69 subjects in the London dataset. RESULTS We identified a number of novel associations between blood DNAm and CSF biomarkers, demonstrating that changes in pathological processes in the CSF are reflected in the blood epigenome. Overall, the CSF biomarker-associated DNAm is relatively distinct in CN and AD subjects, highlighting the importance of analyzing omics data measured on cognitively normal subjects (which includes preclinical AD subjects) to identify diagnostic biomarkers, and considering disease stages in the development and testing of AD treatment strategies. Moreover, our analysis revealed biological processes associated with early brain impairment relevant to AD are marked by DNAm in the blood, and blood DNAm at several CpGs in the DMR on HOXA5 gene are associated with pTau181 in the CSF, as well as tau-pathology and DNAm in the brain, nominating DNAm at this locus as a promising candidate AD biomarker. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a valuable resource for future mechanistic and biomarker studies of DNAm in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14Th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Juan I Young
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Lissette Gomez
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - David Lukacsovich
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14Th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Achintya Varma
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - X Steven Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14Th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Eden R Martin
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Lily Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14Th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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10
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Zhang W, Young JI, Gomez L, Schmidt MA, Lukacsovich D, Varma A, Chen XS, Martin ER, Wang L. Distinct CSF biomarker-associated DNA methylation in Alzheimer's disease and cognitively normal subjects. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2391364. [PMID: 36865230 PMCID: PMC9980279 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2391364/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Growing evidence has demonstrated that DNA methylation (DNAm) plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that DNAm differences can be detected in the blood of AD subjects. Most studies have correlated blood DNAm with the clinical diagnosis of AD in living individuals. However, as the pathophysiological process of AD can begin many years before the onset of clinical symptoms, there is often disagreement between neuropathology in the brain and clinical phenotypes. Therefore, blood DNAm associated with AD neuropathology, rather than with clinical data, would provide more relevant information on AD pathogenesis. Methods We performed a comprehensive analysis to identify blood DNAm associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathological biomarkers for AD. Our study included matched samples of whole blood DNA methylation, CSF Aβ 42 , phosphorylated tau 181 (pTau 181 ), and total tau (tTau) biomarkers data, measured on the same subjects and at the same clinical visits from a total of 202 subjects (123 CN or cognitively normal, 79 AD) in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. To validate our findings, we also examined the association between premortem blood DNAm and postmortem brain neuropathology measured on a group of 69 subjects in the London dataset. Results We identified a number of novel associations between blood DNAm and CSF biomarkers, demonstrating that changes in pathological processes in the CSF are reflected in the blood epigenome. Overall, the CSF biomarker-associated DNAm is relatively distinct in CN and AD subjects, highlighting the importance of analyzing omics data measured on cognitively normal subjects (which includes preclinical AD subjects) to identify diagnostic biomarkers, and considering disease stages in the development and testing of AD treatment strategies. Moreover, our analysis revealed biological processes associated with early brain impairment relevant to AD are marked by DNAm in the blood, and blood DNAm at several CpGs in the DMR on HOXA5 gene are associated with pTau 181 in the CSF, as well as tau-pathology and DNAm in the brain, nominating DNAm at this locus as a promising candidate AD biomarker. Conclusions Our study provides a valuable resource for future mechanistic and biomarker studies of DNAm in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine
| | - Juan I Young
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine
| | | | - Michael A Schmidt
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Eden R Martin
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine
| | - Lily Wang
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine
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11
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Piaggi S, Diederich M, Corti A. Editorial: The expanding functional network of glutathione transferases. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1146377. [PMID: 36818042 PMCID: PMC9928956 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1146377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Piaggi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa Medical School, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marc Diederich
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alessandro Corti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa Medical School, Pisa, Italy,*Correspondence: Alessandro Corti,
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12
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Goncalves VC, Silva da Fonsêca V, de Paula Faria D, Izidoro MA, Berretta AA, de Almeida ACG, Affonso Fonseca FL, Scorza FA, Scorza CA. Propolis induces cardiac metabolism changes in 6-hydroxydopamine animal model: A dietary intervention as a potential cardioprotective approach in Parkinson’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1013703. [PMID: 36313332 PMCID: PMC9606713 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1013703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While there is sustained growth of the older population worldwide, ageing is a consistent risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s-disease (PD). Considered an emblematic movement disorder, PD comprises a miscellany of non-motor symptoms, for which effective management remains an unfulfilled need in clinical practice. Highlighted are the cardiovascular abnormalities, that cause significant burden in PD patients. Evidence suggests that key biological processes underlying PD pathophysiology can be modulated by diet-derived bioactive compounds, such as green propolis, a natural functional food with biological and pharmacological properties. The effects of propolis on cardiac affection associated to PD have received little coverage. In this study, a metabolomics approach and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging were used to assess the metabolic response to diet supplementation with green propolis on heart outcomes of rats with Parkinsonism induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA rats). Untargeted metabolomics approach revealed four cardiac metabolites (2-hydroxybutyric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, monoacylglycerol and alanine) that were significantly modified between animal groups (6-OHDA, 6-OHDA + Propolis and sham). Propolis-induced changes in the level of these cardiac metabolites suggest beneficial effects of diet intervention. From the metabolites affected, functional analysis identified changes in propanoate metabolism (a key carbohydrate metabolism related metabolic pathway), glucose-alanine cycle, protein and fatty acid biosynthesis, energy metabolism, glutathione metabolism and urea cycle. PET imaging detected higher glucose metabolism in the 17 areas of the left ventricle of all rats treated with propolis, substantially contrasting from those rats that did not consume propolis. Our results bring new insights into cardiac metabolic substrates and pathways involved in the mechanisms of the effects of propolis in experimental PD and provide potential novel targets for research in the quest for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria C. Goncalves
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Valeria C. Goncalves, ; Carla Alessandra Scorza,
| | - Victor Silva da Fonsêca
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Augusto Izidoro
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massas—Associação Beneficente de Coleta de Sangue (COLSAN), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio-Carlos G. de Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurociências Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina Do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas da Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| | - Fulvio Alexandre Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Alessandra Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Valeria C. Goncalves, ; Carla Alessandra Scorza,
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13
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Guillaubez JV, Pitrat D, Bretonnière Y, Lemoine J, Girod M. Relative quantification of sulfenic acids in plasma proteins using differential labelling and mass spectrometry coupled with 473 nm photo-dissociation analysis: A multiplexed approach applied to an Alzheimer's disease cohort. Talanta 2022; 250:123745. [PMID: 35870285 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) is subject to a variety of reversible post-translational modifications such as formation of sulfenic acid (Cys-SOH). If this modification is often involved in normal biological activities, it can also be the result of oxidative damage. Indeed, oxidative stress yields abnormal cysteine oxidations that affect protein function and structure and can lead to neurodegenerative diseases. In a context of population ageing, validation of novel biomarkers for detection of neurodegenerative diseases is important. However, Cys-SOH proteins investigation in large human cohorts is challenging due to their low abundance and lability under endogenous conditions. To improve the detection specificity towards the oxidized protein subpopulation, we developed a method that makes use of a mass spectrometer coupled with visible laser induced dissociation (LID) to add a stringent optical specificity to the mass selectivity. Since peptides do not naturally absorb in the visible range, this approach relies on the proper chemical derivatization of Cys-SOH with a chromophore functionalized with a cyclohexanedione. To compensate for the significant variability in total protein expression within the samples and any experimental bias, a normalizing strategy using free thiol (Cys-SH) cysteine peptides derivatized with a maleimide chromophore as internal references was used. Thanks to the differential tagging, oxidative ratios were then obtained for 69 Cys-containing peptides from 19 proteins tracked by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) LID, in a cohort of 49 human plasma samples from Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. A statistical analysis indicated that, for the proteins monitored, the Cys oxidative ratio does not correlate with the diagnosis of AD. Nevertheless, the PRM-LID method allows the unbiased, sensitive and robust relative quantification of Cys oxidation within cohorts of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Valery Guillaubez
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR, 5280, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Delphine Pitrat
- Laboratoire de Chimie ENS Lyon, UMR, 5582, ENS Lyon CNRS et Université Lyon 1, France
| | - Yann Bretonnière
- Laboratoire de Chimie ENS Lyon, UMR, 5582, ENS Lyon CNRS et Université Lyon 1, France
| | - Jérôme Lemoine
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR, 5280, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marion Girod
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR, 5280, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France.
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Rodrigues JA, Narasimhamurthy RK, Joshi MB, Dsouza HS, Mumbrekar KD. Pesticides Exposure-Induced Changes in Brain Metabolome: Implications in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1539-1552. [PMID: 35781222 PMCID: PMC9515138 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides have been used in agriculture, public health programs, and pharmaceuticals for many decades. Though pesticides primarily target pests by affecting their nervous system and causing other lethal effects, these chemical entities also exert toxic effects in inadvertently exposed humans through inhalation or ingestion. Mounting pieces of evidence from cellular, animal, and clinical studies indicate that pesticide-exposed models display metabolite alterations of pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, identifying common key metabolites/metabolic pathways between pesticide-induced metabolic reprogramming and neurodegenerative diseases is necessary to understand the etiology of pesticides in the rise of neurodegenerative disorders. The present review provides an overview of specific metabolic pathways, including tryptophan metabolism, glutathione metabolism, dopamine metabolism, energy metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, fatty acids, and lipid metabolism that are specifically altered in response to pesticides. Furthermore, we discuss how these metabolite alterations are linked to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and to identify novel biomarkers for targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Arvin Rodrigues
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Rekha K Narasimhamurthy
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Herman Sunil Dsouza
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104.
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15
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Cukier HN, Kim H, Griswold AJ, Codreanu SG, Prince LM, Sherrod SD, McLean JA, Dykxhoorn DM, Ess KC, Hedera P, Bowman AB, Neely MD. Genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic profiles of hiPSC-derived dopamine neurons from clinically discordant brothers with identical PRKN deletions. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:84. [PMID: 35768426 PMCID: PMC9243035 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported on two brothers who carry identical compound heterozygous PRKN mutations yet present with significantly different Parkinson's Disease (PD) clinical phenotypes. Juvenile cases demonstrate that PD is not necessarily an aging-associated disease. Indeed, evidence for a developmental component to PD pathogenesis is accumulating. Thus, we hypothesized that the presence of additional genetic modifiers, including genetic loci relevant to mesencephalic dopamine neuron development, could potentially contribute to the different clinical manifestations of the two brothers. We differentiated human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from the two brothers into mesencephalic neural precursor cells and early postmitotic dopaminergic neurons and performed wholeexome sequencing and transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. No significant differences in the expression of canonical dopamine neuron differentiation markers were observed. Yet our transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant downregulation of the expression of three neurodevelopmentally relevant cell adhesion molecules, CNTN6, CNTN4 and CHL1, in the cultures of the more severely affected brother. In addition, several HLA genes, known to play a role in neurodevelopment, were differentially regulated. The expression of EN2, a transcription factor crucial for mesencephalic dopamine neuron development, was also differentially regulated. We further identified differences in cellular processes relevant to dopamine metabolism. Lastly, wholeexome sequencing, transcriptomics and metabolomics data all revealed differences in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, the dysregulation of which has been previously associated with PD. In summary, we identified genetic differences which could potentially, at least partially, contribute to the discordant clinical PD presentation of the two brothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly N Cukier
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN, USA
| | - Anthony J Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simona G Codreanu
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa M Prince
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN, USA
| | - Stacy D Sherrod
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John A McLean
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Derek M Dykxhoorn
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter Hedera
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN, USA.
| | - M Diana Neely
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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16
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Fahmy HM, Mohamed ER, Hussein AA, Khadrawy YA, Ahmed NA. Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with Gallic acid on reserpine-induced depression in Wistar rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:40. [PMID: 35705968 PMCID: PMC9199140 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current study evaluates the free gallic acid (GA) and GA-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) antidepressant efficacy in a rat model of depression caused by reserpine. Methods By using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential, MSNs and GA-loaded MSNs were characterized. The efficiency of encapsulation and the release of GA-loaded MSNs were also investigated. The effect of GA, either in its free form or loaded on (MSNs) on oxidative stress biomarkers and monoamine neurotransmitters levels (serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NEP), and dopamine (DA)), were evaluated in these areas (cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and hypothalamus) of control, a depression model of rat, a depression model of rat treated with either free GA, MSNs or GA loaded MSNs. The forced swimming test (FST) also the open field test (OFT) were carried out to evaluate the behavioral changes in all groups. Results Reserpine caused a decrease in the time spent in motor and swimming activity besides increasing the time of immobility, as demonstrated by OFT and FST. Significantly reductions in 5-HT, NEP, and DA were obtained in the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum of reserpine-treated rats. Free GA was more effective in increasing the serotonin level in the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, while GA-loaded MSNs were more effective in increasing it in the striatum. GA-loaded MSNs also increased the level of NEP in the four studied brain areas. Free GA increased dopamine levels in the cortex and striatum, whereas GA-loaded MSNs increased DA levels in the hippocampus and hypothalamus compared with the depressed untreated group. Conclusions MSNs can be used as a drug delivery system to target GA selectively to specific brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Fahmy
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Eman R Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aida A Hussein
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nawal A Ahmed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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17
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Trujillo-Del Río C, Tortajada-Pérez J, Gómez-Escribano AP, Casterá F, Peiró C, Millán JM, Herrero MJ, Vázquez-Manrique RP. Metformin to treat Huntington disease: a pleiotropic drug against a multi-system disorder. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 204:111670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Mesa-Herrera F, Marín R, Torrealba E, Díaz M. Multivariate Assessment of Lipoxidative Metabolites, Trace Biometals, and Antioxidant and Detoxifying Activities in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Define a Fingerprint of Preclinical Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:387-402. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: There exists considerable interest in the identification of molecular traits during early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered the closest prodromal stage of AD, and to develop gradually from earlier stages although not always progresses to AD. Classical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, amyloid-β peptides and tau/p-tau proteins, have been measured in prodromal stages yet results are heterogeneous and far from conclusive. Therefore, there exists a pressing need to identify a neurochemical signature for prodromal stages and to predict which cases might progress to AD. Objective: Exploring potential CSF biomarkers related to brain oxidative and inorganic biochemistry during prodromal stages of the disease. Methods: We have analyzed CSF levels of lipoxidative markers (MDA and 8-isoF2α), biometals (Cu, Zn, Se, Mn, and Fe), iron-transport protein transferrin (TFER), antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx4), detoxifying enzymes (GST and BuChE), as well as classical amyloid-β and total and phosphorylated tau, in cognitively healthy controls, patients with MCI, and subjects exhibiting subjective memory complaints (SMC). Results: Inter-group differences for several variables exhibit differentiable trends along the HC ⟶ SMC ⟶ MCI sequence. More interestingly, the combination of Se, Cu, Zn, SOD, TFER, and GST variables allow differentiable fingerprints for control subjects and each prodromal stage. Further, multivariate scores correlate positively with neurocognitive In-Out test, hence with both episodic memory decline and prediction to dementia. Conclusion: We conclude that changes in the CSF biochemistry related to brain oxidative defense and neurometallomics might provide more powerful and accurate diagnostic tools in preclinical stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Mesa-Herrera
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, Biology Section, Science School, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Raquel Marín
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Sciences School, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eduardo Torrealba
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
- IUETSP (Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias), Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
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19
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Song Y, Zöllner HJ, Hui SCN, Hupfeld K, Oeltzschner G, Prisciandaro JJ, Edden R. Importance of Linear Combination Modeling for Quantification of Glutathione and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Levels Using Hadamard-Edited Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:872403. [PMID: 35546940 PMCID: PMC9082488 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.872403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND J-difference-edited 1H-MR spectra require modeling to quantify signals of low-concentration metabolites. Two main approaches are used for this spectral modeling: simple peak fitting and linear combination modeling (LCM) with a simulated basis set. Recent consensus recommended LCM as the method of choice for the spectral analysis of edited data. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to compare the performance of simple peak fitting and LCM in a test-retest dataset, hypothesizing that the more sophisticated LCM approach would improve quantification of Hadamard-edited data compared with simple peak fitting. METHODS A test-retest dataset was re-analyzed using Gannet (simple peak fitting) and Osprey (LCM). These data were obtained from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex of twelve healthy volunteers, with TE = 80 ms for HERMES and TE = 120 ms for MEGA-PRESS of glutathione (GSH). Within-subject coefficients of variation (CVs) were calculated to quantify between-scan reproducibility of each metabolite estimate. RESULTS The reproducibility of HERMES GSH estimates was substantially improved using LCM compared to simple peak fitting, from a CV of 19.0-9.9%. For MEGA-PRESS GSH data, reproducibility was similar using LCM and simple peak fitting, with CVs of 7.3 and 8.8%. GABA + CVs from HERMES were 16.7 and 15.2%, respectively for the two models. CONCLUSION LCM with simulated basis functions substantially improved the reproducibility of GSH quantification for HERMES data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Song
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Helge J Zöllner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Steve C N Hui
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kathleen Hupfeld
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - James J Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Richard Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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20
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No association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: a genetic study in Brazilian patients. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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Ogunsuyi OB, Olagoke OC, Afolabi BA, Oboh G, Ijomone OM, Barbosa NV, da Rocha JBT. Dietary inclusions of Solanum vegetables mitigate aluminum-induced redox and inflammation-related neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster model. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2077-2091. [PMID: 34057051 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1933331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the modulatory capacity of two Solanum green leafy vegetables; S. macrocarpon L. (African eggplant AE) and S. nigrum L. (Black nightshade BN) on dysregulation of some antioxidant, pro-apoptotic, pro-inflammatory-like, acetylcholinesterase gene expression and redox status in the Drosophila melanogaster model of aluminum-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS Flies were exposed to AlCl3 (6.7 mM) alone or in combination with the leaves (0.1 and 1.0%) from both samples in their diet for seven days. Thereafter, the fly heads were rapidly separated, homogenized, and used to assay for reactive oxygen species (ROS), total thiol content, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, and the expression of antioxidant-mediators (Hsp70, catalase, cnc/Nrf2, Jafrac1 and FOXO), acetylcholinesterase (Ace1), pro-apoptotic caspase-like (Dronc) and its regulator (reaper), as well as inflammation-related (NF-kB/Relish) genes. RESULTS Results showed that AlCl3-exposed flies had significantly reduced survival rate which were ameliorated by AlCl3 also elevated ROS, GST and reduced AChE activities in fly heads while dietary inclusions of AE and BN ameliorated survial rate and oxidative stress in AlCl3-exposed flies. In addition, Hsp70, Jafrac1, reaper and NF-kҝB/Relish were significantly upregulated in AlCl3-exposed fly heads, while cnc/Nrf2 and FOXO were significantly downregulated, but catalase, Dronc and Ace were, not significantly modulated. Nevertheless, these impairments in gene expression levels were ameliorated by dietary inclusions of AE and BN during AlCl3 exposure. CONCLUSION These findings showed that dietary inclusions of AE and BN leaves offer protection against Al-induced neurotoxicity in D. melanogaster and thus, could serve as functional foods with neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi B Ogunsuyi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.,Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olawande C Olagoke
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Blessing A Afolabi
- Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University Iwo, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Nilda V Barbosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - João B T da Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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22
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Gonçalves AM, Pereira-Santos AR, Esteves AR, Cardoso SM, Empadinhas N. The Mitochondrial Ribosome: A World of Opportunities for Mitochondrial Dysfunction Toward Parkinson's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:694-711. [PMID: 32098485 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) are organelles that translate mitochondrial messenger RNA in the matrix and, in mammals, have evolved to translate 13 polypeptides of the pathway that performs oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Although a number of devastating diseases result from defects in this mitochondrial translation apparatus, most are associated with genetic mutations and little is known about allelopathic defects caused by antibiotics, toxins, or nonproteinogenic amino acids. Recent Advances: The levels of mitochondrial ribosomal subunits 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in cells/tissues from patients carrying mutations in these genes have been associated with alterations in mitochondrial translation efficiency and with impaired OXPHOS activities, as well as with the severity of clinical phenotypes. In recent decades, important studies revealed a prominent role of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the involvement of mitoribosomes remains largely unknown. Critical Issues: Considering that mitoribosomal structure and function can determine the efficiency of OXPHOS and that an impaired mitochondrial respiratory chain is a common finding in PD, we argue that the mitoribosome may be key to disease onset and progression. With this review, we comprehensively integrate the available knowledge on the composition, assembly, and role of the mitoribosome in mitochondrial efficiency, reflecting on its possible involvement in the etiopathogenesis of this epidemic disease as an appealing research avenue. Future Directions: If a direct correlation between mitoribosome failure and PD pathology is demonstrated, these mitochondrial organelles will provide valuable early clinical markers and potentially attractive targets for the development of innovative PD-directed therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mafalda Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Pereira-Santos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Esteves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra M Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Empadinhas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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23
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Živančević K, Baralić K, Jorgovanović D, Buha Djordjević A, Ćurčić M, Antonijević Miljaković E, Antonijević B, Bulat Z, Đukić-Ćosić D. Elucidating the influence of environmentally relevant toxic metal mixture on molecular mechanisms involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases: In silico toxicogenomic data-mining. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110727. [PMID: 33465344 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This in silico toxicogenomic analysis aims to: (i) testify the hypothesis about the influence of the environmentally relevant toxic metals (lead, methylmercury (organic form of mercury), cadmium and arsenic) on molecular mechanisms involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) development; and (ii) demonstrate the capability of in silico toxicogenomic data-mining for distinguishing the probable mechanisms of mixture-induced toxic effects. The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD; http://ctd. mdibl.org) and Cytoscape software were used as the main data-mining tools in this analysis. The results have shown that there were 7, 13 and 14 common genes for all the metals present in the mixture for each of the selected neurodegenerative disease (ND), respectively: ALS, PD and AD. Physical interactions (68.18%) were the most prominent interactions between the genes extracted for ALS, co-expression (60.85%) for PD and interactions predicted by the server (44.30%) for AD. SOD2 gene was noted as the mutual gene for all the selected ND. Oxidative stress, folate metabolism, vitamin B12, AGE-RAGE, apoptosis were noted as the key disrupted molecular pathways that contribute to the neurodegenerative disease's development. Gene ontology analysis revealed biological processes affected by the investigated mixture (glutathione metabolic process was listed as the most important for ALS, cellular response to toxic substance for PD, and neuron death for AD). Our results emphasize the role of oxidative stress, particularly SOD2, in neurodegeneration triggered by environmental toxic metal mixture and give a new insight into common molecular mechanisms involved in ALS, PD and AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Živančević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragica Jorgovanović
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Ćurčić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evica Antonijević Miljaković
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
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24
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A review on α-mangostin as a potential multi-target-directed ligand for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 897:173950. [PMID: 33607107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss, declining language skills and other cognitive disorders. AD has brought great mental and economic burden to patients, families and society. However due to the complexity of AD's pathology, drugs developed for the treatment of AD often fail in clinical or experimental trials. The main problems of current anti-AD drugs are low efficacy due to mono-target method or side effects, especially high hepatotoxicity. To tackle these two main problems, multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) based on "one molecule, multiple targets" has been studied. MTDLs can regulate multiple biological targets at the same time, so it has shown higher efficacy, better safety. As a natural active small molecule, α-mangostin (α-M) has shown potential multi-factor anti-AD activities in a series of studies, furthermore it also has a certain hepatoprotective effect. The good availability of α-M also provides support for its application in clinical research. In this work, multiple activities of α-M related to AD therapy were reviewed, which included anti-cholinesterase, anti-amyloid-cascade, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, low toxicity, hepatoprotective effects and drug formulation. It shows that α-M is a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.
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25
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Oboh G, Olatunde DM, Ademosun AO, Ogunsuyi OB. Effect of citrus peels-supplemented diet on longevity, memory index, redox status, cholinergic and monoaminergic enzymes in Drosophila melanogaster model. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13616. [PMID: 33533492 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to determine the life span promoting effecof orange (Citrus sinensis), tangerine (Citrus maxima) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peels in Drosophila melanogaster model. Flies (both gender, 3 to 5 days old) were divided into seven (7) groups (n = 5) containing 40 flies each; group I (control) flies were fed with basal diet, II-VII were flies were fed with basal diet containing 0.1 and 1.0% of tangerine peel (TP), orange peel (CP), and grapefruit peel (GP) respectively, for 14 days. Locomotor performance and memory index were assessed via negative geotaxis and aversive phototaxis suppression assays, respectively. Thereafter, the fly homogenates were assayed for activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO) and antioxidant enzymes as well as other indices of their redox. The results revealed that the citrus peels significantly improved longevity, locomotor performance, memory index, antioxidant status, and modulate cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase enzyme activities in treated flies when compared to the control. The results obtained suggest that the citrus peels offer potentials as dietary supplement with life span promoting properties in D. melanogaster model which could as well serve as a functional food additives. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Citrus peels, although often considered agro-wastes, are used as food supplements and food ingredents especially in production of candies, jams and custards. This study suggests the use of orange (Citrus sinensis), tangerine (Citrus maxima), and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peels as dietary supplements which offers potential life span promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Damilola M Olatunde
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ayokunle O Ademosun
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi B Ogunsuyi
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.,Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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26
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Foret MK, Lincoln R, Do Carmo S, Cuello AC, Cosa G. Connecting the "Dots": From Free Radical Lipid Autoxidation to Cell Pathology and Disease. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12757-12787. [PMID: 33211489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of lipid peroxidation in biology and medicine is rapidly evolving, as it is increasingly implicated in various diseases but also recognized as a key part of normal cell function, signaling, and death (ferroptosis). Not surprisingly, the root and consequences of lipid peroxidation have garnered increasing attention from multiple disciplines in recent years. Here we "connect the dots" between the fundamental chemistry underpinning the cascade reactions of lipid peroxidation (enzymatic or free radical), the reactive nature of the products formed (lipid-derived electrophiles), and the biological targets and mechanisms associated with these products that culminate in cellular responses. We additionally bring light to the use of highly sensitive, fluorescence-based methodologies. Stemming from the foundational concepts in chemistry and biology, these methodologies enable visualizing and quantifying each reaction in the cascade in a cellular and ultimately tissue context, toward deciphering the connections between the chemistry and physiology of lipid peroxidation. The review offers a platform in which the chemistry and biomedical research communities can access a comprehensive summary of fundamental concepts regarding lipid peroxidation, experimental tools for the study of such processes, as well as the recent discoveries by leading investigators with an emphasis on significant open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan K Foret
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Richard Lincoln
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0C7.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
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27
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Scassellati C, Galoforo AC, Bonvicini C, Esposito C, Ricevuti G. Ozone: a natural bioactive molecule with antioxidant property as potential new strategy in aging and in neurodegenerative disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101138. [PMID: 32810649 PMCID: PMC7428719 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systems medicine is founded on a mechanism-based approach and identifies in this way specific therapeutic targets. This approach has been applied for the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 plays a central role in different pathologies including neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), which are characterized by common pathogenetic features. We here present wide scientific background indicating how a natural bioactive molecule with antioxidant/anti-apoptotic and pro-autophagy properties such as the ozone (O3) can represent a potential new strategy to delay neurodegeneration. Our hypothesis is based on different evidence demonstrating the interaction between O3 and Nrf2 system. Through a meta-analytic approach, we found a significant modulation of O3 on endogenous antioxidant-Nrf2 (p < 0.00001, Odd Ratio (OR) = 1.71 95%CI:1.17-2.25) and vitagene-Nrf2 systems (p < 0.00001, OR = 1.80 95%CI:1.05-2.55). O3 activates also immune, anti-inflammatory signalling, proteasome, releases growth factors, improves blood circulation, and has antimicrobial activity, with potential effects on gut microbiota. Thus, we provide a consistent rationale to implement future clinical studies to apply the oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) therapy in an early phase of aging decline, when it is still possible to intervene before to potentially develop a more severe neurodegenerative pathology. We suggest that O3 along with other antioxidants (polyphenols, mushrooms) implicated in the same Nrf2-mechanisms, can show neurogenic potential, providing evidence as new preventive strategies in aging and in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Scassellati
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Carlo Galoforo
- Oxygen-Ozone Therapy Scientific Society (SIOOT), Gorle, Italy; University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristian Bonvicini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ciro Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Italy; Nephrology and dialysis unit, ICS S. Maugeri SPA SB Hospital, Pavia, Italy; High School in Geriatrics, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy; P.D. High School in Geriatrics, University of Pavia, Italy; St.Camillus Medical University, Rome, Italy
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28
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Wasser CI, Mercieca EC, Kong G, Hannan AJ, McKeown SJ, Glikmann-Johnston Y, Stout JC. Gut dysbiosis in Huntington's disease: associations among gut microbiota, cognitive performance and clinical outcomes. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa110. [PMID: 33005892 PMCID: PMC7519724 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is characterized by a triad of motor, cognitive and psychiatric impairments, as well as unintended weight loss. Although much of the research has focused on cognitive, motor and psychiatric symptoms, the extent of peripheral pathology and the relationship between these factors, and the core symptoms of Huntington's disease, are relatively unknown. Gut microbiota are key modulators of communication between the brain and gut, and alterations in microbiota composition (dysbiosis) can negatively affect cognition, behaviour and affective function, and may be implicated in disease progression. Furthermore, gut dysbiosis was recently reported in Huntington's disease transgenic mice. Our main objective was to characterize the gut microbiome in people with Huntington's disease and determine whether the composition of gut microbiota are significantly related to clinical indicators of disease progression. We compared 42 Huntington's disease gene expansion carriers, including 19 people who were diagnosed with Huntington's disease (Total Functional Capacity > 6) and 23 in the premanifest stage, with 36 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Participants were characterized clinically using a battery of cognitive tests and using results from 16S V3 to V4 rRNA sequencing of faecal samples to characterize the gut microbiome. For gut microbiome measures, we found significant differences in the microbial communities (beta diversity) based on unweighted UniFrac distance (P = 0.001), as well as significantly lower alpha diversity (species richness and evenness) between our combined Huntington's disease gene expansion carrier group and healthy controls (P = 0.001). We also found major shifts in the microbial community structure at Phylum and Family levels, and identified functional pathways and enzymes affected in our Huntington's disease gene expansion carrier group. Within the Huntington's disease gene expansion carrier group, we also discovered associations among gut bacteria, cognitive performance and clinical outcomes. Overall, our findings suggest an altered gut microbiome in Huntington's disease gene expansion carriers. These results highlight the importance of gut biomarkers and raise interesting questions regarding the role of the gut in Huntington's disease, and whether it may be a potential target for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory I Wasser
- Ageing and Neurodegeneration Program, School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Emily-Clare Mercieca
- Ageing and Neurodegeneration Program, School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Geraldine Kong
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sonja J McKeown
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yifat Glikmann-Johnston
- Ageing and Neurodegeneration Program, School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Julie C Stout
- Ageing and Neurodegeneration Program, School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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29
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Antioxidant potential of Carica papaya Linn (Caricaceae) leaf extract in mice with cyclophosphamide induced oxidative stress. SCIENTIA MEDICA 2020. [DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2020.1.34702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the effects of crude extract of Carica papaya leaves on oxidative stress in mice induced by cyclophosphamide, as well as phytochemical profile characterization of this extract.METHODS: The male Swiss mice received 15 days of treatment with the extract (500 mg kg-1, via gavage) and intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (75 mg kg-1) or saline (0.9%) on the 15th day. After 24 h the last treatment, the animals were anesthetized for blood withdrawal, sacrificed and removal of the organs for analyses (liver, kidney and heart). In the biochemical tests were determined: hematological parameters in blood, aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, glucose and total cholesterol dosages in plasma, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and lipid damage marker were evaluated in different tissues, besides genotoxic and histopathological analyzes.RESULTS: In the extract of Carica papaya leaves, the flavonoids quercetin-3β-D-glucoside and rutin were identified, besides present positive results for alkaloids, saponins and tannins. This extract increased the activity of glutathione-S-transferase and catalase enzymes in the liver and reduced the levels of reduced glutathione in the kidneys and hematocrit levels, red cell count, and hemoglobin. It promoted the decrease of the reactive species of thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) in the kidneys and the activity of enzyme aspartate aminotransferase in the plasma and was antimutagenic in the micronucleus test.CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that extract of Carica papaya was beneficial against oxidative events and prevented DNA damage. The extract also showed hepatotoxicity, therefore prolonged infusion of papaya leaves is not advisable.
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30
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Naime AA, Lopes MW, Colle D, Dafré AL, Suñol C, da Rocha JBT, Aschner M, Leal RB, Farina M. Glutathione in Chlorpyrifos-and Chlorpyrifos-Oxon-Induced Toxicity: a Comparative Study Focused on Non-cholinergic Toxicity in HT22 Cells. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:603-610. [PMID: 32651842 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a neurotoxic organophosphorus (OP) insecticide widely used for agricultural purposes. CPF-mediated neurotoxicity is mainly associated with its anticholinesterase activity, which may lead to a cholinergic syndrome. CPF metabolism generates chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPF-O), which possesses higher anticholinesterase activity and, consequently, plays a major role in the cholinergic syndrome observed after CPF poisoning. Recent lines of evidence have also reported non-cholinergic endpoints of CPF- and CPF-O-induced neurotoxicities, but comparisons on the non-cholinergic toxic properties of CPF and CPF-O are lacking. In this study, we compared the non-cholinergic toxicities displayed by CPF and CPF-O in cultured neuronal cells, with a particular emphasis on their pro-oxidant properties. Using immortalized cells derived from mouse hippocampus (HT22 line, which does present detectable acetylcholinesterase activity), we observed that CPF-O was 5-fold more potent in decreasing cell viability compared with CPF. Atropine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, protected against acetylcholine (ACh)-induced toxicity but failed to prevent the CPF- and CPF-O-induced cytotoxicities in HT22 cells. CPF or CPF-O exposures significantly decreased the levels of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH); this event preceded the significant decrease in cell viability. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC, a GSH precursor) protected against the cytotoxicity induced by both CPF and CPF-O. The present study indicates that GSH depletion is a non-cholinergic event involved in CPF and CPF-O toxicities. The study also shows that in addition of being a more potent AChE inhibitor, CPF-O is also a more potent pro-oxidant molecule when compared with CPF, highlighting the role of CPF metabolism (bioactivation to CPF-O) in the ensuing non-cholinergic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Aita Naime
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil.
| | - Mark William Lopes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil
- Area of Biological Sciences, Medical and Health, Centro Universitário para o Desenvolvimento do Alto Vale do Itajaí - UNIDAVI, Rio do Sul, SC, Brazil
| | - Dirleise Colle
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Alcir Luiz Dafré
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil
| | - Cristina Suñol
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), IDIBAPS, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rodrigo Bainy Leal
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil.
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Ortiz-Gomez I, Ortega-Muñoz M, Marín-Sánchez A, de Orbe-Payá I, Hernandez-Mateo F, Capitan-Vallvey LF, Santoyo-Gonzalez F, Salinas-Castillo A. A vinyl sulfone clicked carbon dot-engineered microfluidic paper-based analytical device for fluorometric determination of biothiols. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:421. [PMID: 32617684 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic paper-based analytical device integrating carbon dot (CDs) is fabricated and used for a fluorometric off-on assay of biothiols. Vinyl sulfone (VS) click immobilization of carbon dots (CDs) on paper was accomplished by a one-pot simplified protocol that uses divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a homobifunctional reagent. This reagent mediated both the click oxa-Michael addition to the hydroxyl groups of cellulose and ulterior covalent grafting of the resulting VS paper to NH2-functionalized CDs by means of click aza-Michael addition. The resulting cellulose nanocomposite was used to engineer an inexpensive and robust microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) that is used for a reaction-based off-on fluorometric assay of biothiols (GSH, Cys, and Hcy). The intrinsic blue fluorescence of CDs (with excitation/emission maxima at 365/450 nm) is turned off via the heavy atom effect of an introduced iodo group. Fluorescence is turned on again due to the displacement of iodine by reaction with a biothiol. The increase in fluorescence is related to the concentration over a wide range (1 to 200 μM for GSH and 5-200 μM for Cys and Hcy, respectively), and the assay exhibits a low detection limit (0.3 μM for GSH and Cys and 0.4 μM for Hcy). The method allows for rapid screening and can also be used in combination with a digital camera readout. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of a μPAD based on click immobilized carbon dots and used for a reaction-based fluorometric off-on assay of biothiols. The intrinsic blue fluorescence of carbon dots is turned off via the heavy atom effect of an introduced iodo group and turned on by the displacement of this atom by reaction with a biothiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Ortiz-Gomez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Unit of Excellence in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Mariano Ortega-Muñoz
- Unit of Excellence in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Biotechnology Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Marín-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Unit of Excellence in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio de Orbe-Payá
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Unit of Excellence in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Hernandez-Mateo
- Unit of Excellence in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Biotechnology Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Fermin Capitan-Vallvey
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Unit of Excellence in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Santoyo-Gonzalez
- Unit of Excellence in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Biotechnology Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Alfonso Salinas-Castillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain. .,Unit of Excellence in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Sen K, Gadkari R, Agarwal R, Sundaram S. Differential DNA Methylation Patterns in Patients with Epilepsy due to Malformations of Cortical Development: A Pilot Study. Neurol India 2020; 67:1469-1471. [PMID: 31857537 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.273638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study the DNA methylation profiles in brain tissue of patients with refractory epilepsy due to malformations of cortical development (MCDs). Materials and Methods Clinical, neuroimaging, and pathology characteristics were defined for 13 patients who underwent resective surgery for epilepsy. Methylation analysis was performed using Illumina® 450k Methylation Microarray. Data analysis was completed, and pathway identification was done using the R/Bioconductor package. Results Genes associated with Ephrin-Reelin pathway, potassium channels, and glutathione metabolism were differentially methylated in the MCD group when compared with patients who had no evidence of MCD. Conclusions Our preliminary data reveal that epigenetic pathways may have a role in the pathobiogenesis of MCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Sen
- Division of Neurogenetics and Developmental Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rupali Gadkari
- Division of Genetic, Genomic and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rajkumar Agarwal
- Division of Genetic, Genomic and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Senthil Sundaram
- Division of Genetic, Genomic and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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First phytochemical study and biological activity of the leaves ethanolic extract from Cissus spinosa Cambess. SCIENTIA MEDICA 2020. [DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2020.1.34860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS: The objective of this study was to identify the phytochemical profile and to evaluate the biological effects of the crude ethanolic extract (EE) and the ethanolic fraction (EF) of leaves of the species Cissus spinosa Cambess, after oxidative stress induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) in mice.METHODS: Phytochemical profile was performed detecting functional groups and, analysis of total flavonoids and phenols concentration, as well as the antiradical activity in EE and EF. The phytochemical characterization was done for the identification of flavonoids present in the leaves of the plant. In the biochemical tests, hematological parameters, glucose and total cholesterol dosages in plasma, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and lipid damage marker were evaluated in different tissues (liver, kidney and heart), besides genotoxic and immunological analyzes. The animals received 15 days of treatment, via gavage, with EE (50 mg kg-1) or EF (50 mg kg-1) and on the 15th day, an intraperitoneal injection of CP (100 mg kg-1) or saline (0.9%). After 24 h the last treatment, the animals were anesthetized for blood withdrawal, sacrificed and removal of the organs.RESULTS: In the phytochemical analyzes, the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols was identified, the latter presented a higher concentration for EF. Eight flavonoids were identified - Rutin, Quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside, Quercitrin, Taxifolin, Quercetin, Canferol, Luteolin and Apigenin. In the biochemical analyzes, in general, EE showed a better antioxidant action against oxidative damages, hypoglycemic and antitilipemic action when comparing with EF, probably due to the synergism caused by flavonoids. It was observed the reduction and an increase of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, due to the action of antioxidant compounds and alkaloids present in the plant, also considering the question of the seasonal period that directly interferes in the production of these compounds. In the immunological analysis, the extracts did not stimulate the spontaneous production of oxygen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO•). CONCLUSIONS: Other studies, such as the variation of the chemical composition of the plant by local seasonality, hypoglycemic and antilipemic action, should be carried out to better delineate the biological action present in this plant.
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Gutowicz M. Antioxidant and detoxycative mechanisms in central nervous system. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2020. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.8548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the brain contains a large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, consumes up to 20% of oxygen used by the whole body and exhibits low antioxidants activity, it seems to be especially vulnerable to oxidative stress.
The most important antioxidant enzymes are superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyze the dismutation of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide, catalase (CAT), which converts toxic hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen, and glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSHPx), which reduces hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides with glutathione as the cofactor. Among other detoxifying enzymes, the most significant is glutathione transferase (GST), which shows detoksyvarious
catalytic activities allowing for removal of xenobiotics, reducing organic peroxides
and oxidized cell components. One of the most important brain nonenzymatic antioxidants
is reduced glutathione (GSH), which (individually or in cooperation with peroxidases) participates
in the reduction of free radicals, repair of oxidative damage and the regeneration of
other antioxidants, such as ascorbate or tocopherol. Glutathione as a cosubstrate of glutathione
transferase scavenges toxic electrophilic compounds.
Although the etiology of the major neurodegenerative diseases are unknown, numerous data
suggest that reactive oxygen species play an important role.
Even a small change in the level of antioxidants can leads to the many disorders in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Gutowicz
- Katedra Fizjologii Stosowanej i Klinicznej, Wydział Lekarski i Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Zielonogórski
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35
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Scott HL, Buckner N, Fernandez-Albert F, Pedone E, Postiglione L, Shi G, Allen N, Wong LF, Magini L, Marucci L, O'Sullivan GA, Cole S, Powell J, Maycox P, Uney JB. A dual druggable genome-wide siRNA and compound library screening approach identifies modulators of parkin recruitment to mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3285-3300. [PMID: 31911436 PMCID: PMC7062187 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and biochemical evidence points to an association between mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkinson's disease (PD). PD-associated mutations in several genes have been identified and include those encoding PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin. To identify genes, pathways, and pharmacological targets that modulate the clearance of damaged or old mitochondria (mitophagy), here we developed a high-content imaging-based assay of parkin recruitment to mitochondria and screened both a druggable genome-wide siRNA library and a small neuroactive compound library. We used a multiparameter principal component analysis and an unbiased parameter-agnostic machine-learning approach to analyze the siRNA-based screening data. The hits identified in this analysis included specific genes of the ubiquitin proteasome system, and inhibition of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2 N (UBE2N) with a specific antagonist, Bay 11-7082, indicated that UBE2N modulates parkin recruitment and downstream events in the mitophagy pathway. Screening of the compound library identified kenpaullone, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases and glycogen synthase kinase 3, as a modulator of parkin recruitment. Validation studies revealed that kenpaullone augments the mitochondrial network and protects against the complex I inhibitor MPP+. Finally, we used a microfluidics platform to assess the timing of parkin recruitment to depolarized mitochondria and its modulation by kenpaullone in real time and with single-cell resolution. We demonstrate that the high-content imaging-based assay presented here is suitable for both genetic and pharmacological screening approaches, and we also provide evidence that pharmacological compounds modulate PINK1-dependent parkin recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Scott
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Buckner
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elisa Pedone
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Lorena Postiglione
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Gongyu Shi
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Allen
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Liang-Fong Wong
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Magini
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Marucci
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom; BrisSynBio, Bristol BS8 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory A O'Sullivan
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Cole
- Takeda Ventures, Inc., 61 Aldwych, London WC2B 4A, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Powell
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Maycox
- Takeda Ventures, Inc., 61 Aldwych, London WC2B 4A, United Kingdom
| | - James B Uney
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
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Liang C, Chen X, Tang Q, Ji W, Jiang Y, Mao L, Wang M. An activity-based two-photon fluorescent probe for real-time and reversible imaging of oxidative stress in the rat brain. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6368-6371. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01747g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a modular approach to design the Michael addition between glutathione and coumarin derivatives for fluorescence imaging of the reversible and dynamic change of oxidative stress in living cells and rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjing Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Xianghan Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Qiao Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Wenliang Ji
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Ying Jiang
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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37
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Oliveira LOD, da Silva PIC, Filho RPR, Progênio RCS, de Oliveira VDPS, Silva RC, de Andrade MC, da Silva Freitas JJ, Kietzer KS. Prior exercise protects against oxidative stress and motor deficit in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:175-181. [PMID: 31782038 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated if a prior long-term physical exercise protocol protects the substantia nigra and the striatum against oxidative stress and motor deficits in a Parkinson Disease model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. Three animal treatment groups were included in the study: sham; 6-hydroxydopamine and 6-hydroxydopamine/exercise. Previously to the intrastriatal lesion by 6-hydroxydopamine, rats in the exercise groups performed a swimming program for 18 weeks. The rats were submitted to behavioral tests before and after intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine injection. The oxidative stress was analyzed by Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances and Glutathione reductase activity methods. The exercise decreased lipid peroxidation and increased glutathione reductase activity in the substantia nigra. In contrast, in the striatum, exercise increased lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione reductase activity. Exercise increased contralateral rotations and reduces immobility levels at 14 days post lesion. The exercise prior to 6-OHDA lesion had protective action only in substantia nigra against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonam Oliver Durval Oliveira
- Laboratory of Morphophysiology Applied to Health, University of Pará State, Perebebuí Street 2623, Marco, Belém, PA, 66087662, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Iuri Castro da Silva
- Laboratory of Morphophysiology Applied to Health, University of Pará State, Perebebuí Street 2623, Marco, Belém, PA, 66087662, Brazil
| | - Renato Pereira Rodrigues Filho
- Laboratory of Morphophysiology Applied to Health, University of Pará State, Perebebuí Street 2623, Marco, Belém, PA, 66087662, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renata Cunha Silva
- Laboratory of Morphophysiology Applied to Health, University of Pará State, Perebebuí Street 2623, Marco, Belém, PA, 66087662, Brazil
| | - Mariseth Carvalho de Andrade
- Laboratory of Morphophysiology Applied to Health, University of Pará State, Perebebuí Street 2623, Marco, Belém, PA, 66087662, Brazil
| | - Jofre Jacob da Silva Freitas
- Morphology and Physiological Sciences Department, University of Pará State, Perebebuí Street 2623, Marco, Belém, PA, 66087662, Brazil
| | - Katia Simone Kietzer
- Morphology and Physiological Sciences Department, University of Pará State, Perebebuí Street 2623, Marco, Belém, PA, 66087662, Brazil
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Fahmy HM, Aly EM, Mohamed FF, Noor NA, Elsayed AA. Neurotoxicity of green- synthesized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in different brain areas of wistar rats. Neurotoxicology 2019; 77:80-93. [PMID: 31899250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) which were synthesized using carob leaf extract on various brain areas of Wistar rats. MAIN METHODS Carob leaf synthesized-MIONs were characterized using different techniques: Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), UV-vis spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The toxicity of MIONs in vivo was evaluated by: monitoring rat's body weight, measuring iron content in different brain areas, evaluating some oxidative stress parameters, estimating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in addition to histopathological investigations. KEY FINDINGS The present study demonstrated no body weight changes of MIONs- treated rats. According to the conditions of the present study, the hippocampus and striatum were the most affected areas and demonstrated neuronal degeneration due to MIONs exposure. MIONs treatment of Wistar rats, also affected the iron homeostasis in both striatum and midbrain by decreasing iron content in these areas. The least affected areas were thalamus and cerebellum. The histopathological examination of brain areas demonstrated moderate neuronal degeneration in hippocampus and striatum, mild neuronal degeneration in cortex and slight degeneration in hypothalamus and pons-medulla areas were detected. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggested that MIONs have a toxic impact on different brain areas and the effect varies according to the brain area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Fahmy
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Esraa M Aly
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Faten F Mohamed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Neveen A Noor
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Anwar A Elsayed
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
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39
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Oxidative Impact of Carob Leaf Extract–Synthesized Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles on the Kidney, Liver, Testis, and Spleen of Wistar Rats. BIONANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-019-00704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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40
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Toxicological effects of some antiparasitic drugs on equine liver glutathione S-Transferase enzyme activity. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 180:113048. [PMID: 31887670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazoles are antiparasitic drugs having an extensive application field like agriculture, medicine, and especially in veterinary medicine. In this study, we report the effect of some benzimidazole drugs such as ricobendazole (RBZ), thiabendazole (TBZ), albendazole (ALBA) and oxfendazole (OFZ) on glutathione s-transferase (GST) enzyme activity. The kinetics studies, IC50 and Ki values of the tested drugs on GSTs enzyme activity were investigated. The obtained ranking of IC50 values were found to be approximately RBZ (53.31 μM, r2: 0.9778) < OFZ (57.75 μM, r2: 0.9630) < ALBA (63.00 μM, r2: 0.9443) < TBZ (69.30 μM, r2: 0.9491). And the obtained ranking of Ki values of the tested drugs (RBZ, TBZ, ALBA, and OFZ) for GSTs enzyme activity was found to be approximately 26.37 ± 2.96, 44.01 ± 5.74, 39.82 ± 3.98 and 30.14 ± 3.03 μM, respectively. Experimental results showed that tested the benzimidazoles drugs have some significant inhibitory effect on GSTs enzyme activity. And also, it was determined that RBZ, ALBA, OFZ are competitive inhibition, but TBZ is non-competitive inhibitors on GSTs enzyme activity. RBZ drug showed the best inhibitory effect with the lowest Ki value.
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Ko KY, Lee JH, Jang JK, Jin Y, Kang H, Kim IY. S-Glutathionylation of mouse selenoprotein W prevents oxidative stress-induced cell death by blocking the formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:362-371. [PMID: 31299423 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mouse selenoprotein W (SELENOW) is a small protein containing a selenocysteine (Sec, U) and four cysteine (Cys, C) residues. The Sec residue in SELENOW is located within the conserved CXXU motif corresponding to the CXXC redox motif of thioredoxin (Trx). It is known that glutathione (GSH) binds to SELENOW and that this binding is involved in protecting cells from oxidative stress. However, the regulatory mechanisms controlling the glutathionylation of SELENOW in oxidative stress are unclear. In this study, using purified recombinant SELENOW in which Sec13 was changed to Cys, we found that SELENOW was glutathionylated at Cys33 and that this S-glutathionylation was enhanced by oxidative stress. We also found that the S-glutathionylation of SELENOW at Cys33 in HEK293 cells was due to glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTpi) and that this modification was reversed by glutaredoxin1 (Grx1). In addition to the disulfide bond between the Cys10 and Cys13 of SELENOW, a second disulfide bond was formed between Cys33 and Cys87 under oxidative stress conditions. The second disulfide bond was reduced by Trx1, but the disulfide bond between Cys10 and Cys13 was not. The second disulfide bond was also reduced by glutathione, but the disulfide bond in the CXXC motif was not. The second disulfide bond of the mutant SELENOW, in which Cys37 was replaced with Ser, was formed at a much lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide than the wild type. We also observed that Cys37 was required for S-glutathionylation, and that S-glutathionylated SELENOW containing Cys37 protected the cells from oxidative stress. Furthermore, the SELENOW (C33, 87S) mutant, which could not form the second disulfide bond, also showed antioxidant activity. Taken together, these results indicate that GSTpi-mediated S-glutathionylation of mouse SELENOW at Cys33 is required for the protection of cells in conditions of oxidative stress, through inhibition of the formation of the second disulfide bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Young Ko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jea Hwang Lee
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge ST, Boston, MA, 02114-2790, USA
| | - Jun Ki Jang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Yunjung Jin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Ick Young Kim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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Demirkan B, Bozkurt S, Şavk A, Cellat K, Gülbağca F, Nas MS, Alma MH, Sen F. Composites of Bimetallic Platinum-Cobalt Alloy Nanoparticles and Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electrochemical Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and Uric Acid. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12258. [PMID: 31439896 PMCID: PMC6706408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ultimate aim of this study is to produce a composite of bimetallic platinum-cobalt nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (Pt-Co@rGO) based biosensor for the detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). Those are biologically important molecules with the key functions for the human body. Pt-Co@rGO was synthesized using a microwave-assisted technique and utilized for the production of a highly sensitive and stable electrochemical biosensor. Detailed spectral XPS and Raman analysis, XRD, and TEM/HR-TEM characterization were also studied. Due to the superior activity and excellent conductivity of rGO, well-separated oxidation peaks of these biomolecules is proven by DPV (differential pulse voltammetry) and CV (cyclic voltammetry) measurements. The prepared Pt-Co@rGO-based biosensor showed high electrochemical activity, a broad linear response, high sensitivity, and acceptable limit of detection values for individual and simultaneous determination of AA, DA, and UA, under optimized conditions. The linear range of Pt-Co@rGO was found to be 170-200; 35-1500 and 5-800 µM for AA, DA, and UA, respectively. Moreover, the detection limit of the prepared composite was calculated as 0.345; 0.051; 0.172 µM for AA, DA, and UA, respectively. In the field of electrochemical biosensors, Pt-Co@rGO based sensor is highly promising due to its superior sensitivity and good selectivity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buse Demirkan
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupinar University, Evliya Çelebi Campus, 43100, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Sait Bozkurt
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupinar University, Evliya Çelebi Campus, 43100, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Aysun Şavk
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupinar University, Evliya Çelebi Campus, 43100, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Kemal Cellat
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupinar University, Evliya Çelebi Campus, 43100, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Fulya Gülbağca
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupinar University, Evliya Çelebi Campus, 43100, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Salih Nas
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupinar University, Evliya Çelebi Campus, 43100, Kütahya, Turkey.
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Igdir, Igdir, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Hakkı Alma
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Igdir, Igdir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Sen
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupinar University, Evliya Çelebi Campus, 43100, Kütahya, Turkey.
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Türkan F, Huyut Z, Huyut MT, Calimli MH. In vivo biochemical evaluations of some β-lactam group antibiotics on glutathione reductase and glutathione S- transferase enzyme activities. Life Sci 2019; 231:116572. [PMID: 31207309 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether some of the cephalosporin group antibiotics have inhibition effects on GR and GST enzymes with important functions in the metabolic pathway. METHODS In this study, some selected cephalosporin group antibiotics on GST and GR enzyme was carried out using 96 rats. 16 groups (16 × 6) were created from these rats, divided to another 4 groups (4 × 24). The resulting groups were named as sham groups, cefazolin groups, cefuroxime groups and cefoperazone groups, respectively. The antibiotics used were injected to cefazolin, cefuroxime and cefoperazone groups. The inhibition effects of the antibiotics were measured in the different time intervals (1st, 3th, 5th, 7th). The statistical investigation of the results was performed using the SPSS software program. RESULTS Results revealed the complex effects of the tested substances on GR and GST activity at different time intervals and in different tissues (p < 0.05). This indicated that the tested substances could be exposed to different interactions in vivo. CONCLUSION The tested antibiotics showed some significant inhibition effects on the GST and GR enzyme activity in some tissues of brain, eye and muscle. The interaction of enzyme - the drug is a key factor to highlight the toxicological mechanism. For this reason, the results obtained from in vivo experiments are crucial to explane the physiological properties of the enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikret Türkan
- Health Services Vocational School, Igdır University, Igdır, Turkey.
| | - Zübeyir Huyut
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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Glutathione Transferase P1-1 an Enzyme Useful in Biomedicine and as Biomarker in Clinical Practice and in Environmental Pollution. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081741. [PMID: 31357662 PMCID: PMC6723968 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) is expressed in some human tissues and is abundant in mammalian erythrocytes (here termed e-GST). This enzyme is able to detoxify the cell from endogenous and exogenous toxic compounds by using glutathione (GSH) or by acting as a ligandin. This review collects studies that propose GSTP1-1 as a useful biomarker in different fields of application. The most relevant studies are focused on GSTP1-1 as a biosensor to detect blood toxicity in patients affected by kidney diseases. In fact, this detoxifying enzyme is over-expressed in erythrocytes when unusual amounts of toxins are present in the body. Here we review articles concerning the level of GST in chronic kidney disease patients, in maintenance hemodialysis patients and to assess dialysis adequacy. GST is also over-expressed in autoimmune disease like scleroderma, and in kidney transplant patients and it may be used to check the efficiency of transplanted kidneys. The involvement of GSTP in the oxidative stress and in other human pathologies like cancer, liver and neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disorders is also reported. Promising applications of e-GST discussed in the present review are its use for monitoring human subjects living in polluted areas and mammals for veterinary purpose.
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Mollarasouli F, Kurbanoglu S, Ozkan SA. The Role of Electrochemical Immunosensors in Clinical Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E86. [PMID: 31324020 PMCID: PMC6784381 DOI: 10.3390/bios9030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An immunosensor is a kind of affinity biosensor based on interactions between an antigen and specific antigen immobilized on a transducer surface. Immunosensors possess high selectivity and sensitivity due to the specific binding between antibody and corresponding antigen, making them a suitable platform for several applications especially in the medical and bioanalysis fields. Electrochemical immunosensors rely on the measurements of an electrical signal recorded by an electrochemical transducer and can be classed as amperometric, potentiometric, conductometric, or impedimetric depending on the signal type. Among the immunosensors, electrochemical immunosensors have been more perfected due to their simplicity and, especially their ability to be portable, and for in situ or automated detection. This review addresses the potential of immunosensors destined for application in clinical analysis, especially cancer biomarker diagnosis. The emphasis is on the approaches used to fabricate electrochemical immunosensors. A general overview of recent applications of the developed electrochemical immunosensors in the clinical approach is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Mollarasouli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
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Türkan F, Huyut Z, Demir Y, Ertaş F, Beydemir Ş. The effects of some cephalosporins on acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase: an in vivo and in vitro study. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:235-243. [PMID: 29564935 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1452037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are important enzymes in the metabolism. GSTs are primarily available in phase II metabolism. AChE is vital for neurodegenerative disorders. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The in vitro and in vivo effects of cefoperazone sodium (CFP), cefuroxime (CXM), and cefazolin (CZO) were investigated on GST and AChE activity in the present study. GST was purified using Glutathione-Agarose affinity chromatography. RESULTS Ki constants of CFP, CXM, and CZO were 0.1392 ± 0.02, 1.5179 ± 0.33, and 1.006 ± 0.11 mM for GST and 0.3010 ± 0.07, 0.3561 ± 0.09, and 0.3844 ± 0.04 mM, for AChE, respectively. The most effective inhibitor was CFP for both enzymes in in vitro. CZO (50 mg/kg), CXM (25 mg/kg), and CFP (100 mg/kg) inhibit in vivo GST and AChE activities. CXM had the most effective in vivo inhibition on AChE and GST. CONCLUSIONS CZO, CXM, and CFP are effective AChE and GST inhibitors in both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikret Türkan
- a Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Tuzluca Vocational School , Iğdır University , Igdir , Turkey
| | - Zübeyir Huyut
- b Department of Biochemistry , Van Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- c Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Fatma Ertaş
- a Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Tuzluca Vocational School , Iğdır University , Igdir , Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- d Department of Biochemistry , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
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Martín-Montañez E, Pavia J, Valverde N, Boraldi F, Lara E, Oliver B, Hurtado-Guerrero I, Fernandez O, Garcia-Fernandez M. The S1P mimetic fingolimod phosphate regulates mitochondrial oxidative stress in neuronal cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 137:116-130. [PMID: 31035004 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod is one of the few oral drugs available for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease. The mechanism of action proposed for this drug is based in the phosphorylation of the molecule to produce its active metabolite fingolimod phosphate (FP) which, in turns, through its interaction with S1P receptors, triggers the functional sequestration of T lymphocytes in lymphoid nodes. On the other hand, part if not most of the damage produced in MS and other neurological disorders seem to be mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondria is one of the main sources of ROS. In the present work, we have evaluated the anti-oxidant profile of FP in a model of mitochondrial oxidative damage induced by menadione (Vitk3) on neuronal cultures. We provide evidence that incubation of neuronal cells with FP alleviates the Vitk3-induced toxicity, due to a decrease in mitochondrial ROS production. It also decreases regulated cell death triggered by imbalance in oxidative stress (restore values of advanced oxidation protein products and total thiol levels). Also restores mitochondrial function (cytochrome c oxidase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and oxygen consumption rate) and morphology. Furthermore, increases the expression and activity of protective factors (increases Nrf2, HO1 and Trx2 expression and GST and NQO1 activity), being some of these effects modulated by its interaction with the S1P receptor. FP seems to increase mitochondrial stability and restore mitochondrial dynamics under conditions of oxidative stress, making this drug a potential candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases other than MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martín-Montañez
- Department of Pharmacology and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain.
| | - J Pavia
- Department of Pharmacology and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain.
| | - N Valverde
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain
| | - F Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - E Lara
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain
| | - B Oliver
- Neuroscience Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | - I Hurtado-Guerrero
- Neuroscience Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | - O Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain.
| | - M Garcia-Fernandez
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain.
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Glutathione S-Transferase: Purification and Characterization of from Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) and the Investigation In Vitro Effects of Some Metal Ions and Organic Compounds on Enzyme Activity. BIONANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-019-00636-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Balcı N, Türkan F, Şakiroğlu H, Aygün A, Şen F. Purification and characterization of glutathione S-transferase from blueberry fruits ( Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) and investigated of some pesticide inhibition effects on enzyme activity. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01422. [PMID: 31011639 PMCID: PMC6460380 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides cause pollution by remaining in water, soil, fruits and vegetables for a long time and also reach human through the food chain. It was thought that some pesticides used in agriculture could adversely affect the antioxidant enzyme system and the minimum inhibition values were studied. glutathione s-transferase (GST), an important antioxidant enzyme, catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione with toxic metabolites. It was purified from the blueberry fruits. The purification of the enzyme was performed separately by affinity and gel filtration chromatography. The purity of the enzyme was determined by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Characterization studies were done for the enzyme. For this purpose, optimal pH, temperature, Km and Vmax values for GSH and CDNB were also determined for the enzyme as 7.2 in K-phosphate buffer, 50 °C, 1.0 M, 7.0 in K-phosphate buffer, 1.57 mM; 0.17 mM and 0.048 EU/mL, 0.0159 EU/mL, respectively. Additionally, inhibitory effects of some pesticides; dichlorvos, acetamiprid, cyhalothrin, haloxyfop-p-Methyl, 2,4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, cypermethrin, imidacloprid, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, glyphosate isopropylamine salt were examined the enzyme activity in vitro by performing Lineweaver–Burk graphs and plotting activity % IC50 and Ki values were calculated for each of pesticides. All of the pesticides inhibited the GST enzyme at millimolar level. Pesticide showing the best inhibitory effect was found as dichlorvos. The Ki value which is the inhibition constant of this pesticide was 0.0175 ± 0.005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Balcı
- Atatürk University, Department of Biochemıstry, Faculty of Science, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fikret Türkan
- Health Services Vocational School, Igdır University, 76000, Igdır, Turkey
| | - Halis Şakiroğlu
- Department of Chemıstry, Ağrı Ibrahim Ceçen University, Faculty of Science, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Aygün
- Department of Chemıstry, Ağrı Ibrahim Ceçen University, Faculty of Science, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Fatih Şen
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupınar University, Evliya Çelebi Campus, 43100, Kütahya, Turkey
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Targeting of Thymoquinone-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles to different brain areas: In vivo study. Life Sci 2019; 222:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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