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Płotka-Wasylka J, Mulkiewicz E, Lis H, Godlewska K, Kurowska-Susdorf A, Sajid M, Lambropoulou D, Jatkowska N. Endocrine disrupting compounds in the baby's world - A harmful environment to the health of babies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163350. [PMID: 37023800 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Globally, there has been a significant increase in awareness of the adverse effects of chemicals with known or suspected endocrine-acting properties on human health. Human exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) mainly occurs by ingestion and to some extent by inhalation and dermal uptake. Although it is difficult to assess the full impact of human exposure to EDCs, it is well known that timing of exposure is of importance and therefore infants are more vulnerable to EDCs and are at greater risk compared to adults. In this regard, infant safety and assessment of associations between prenatal exposure to EDCs and growth during infancy and childhood has been received considerable attention in the last years. Hence, the purpose of this review is to provide a current update on the evidence from biomonitoring studies on the exposure of infants to EDCs and a comprehensive view of the uptake, the mechanisms of action and biotransformation in baby/human body. Analytical methods used and concentration levels of EDCs in different biological matrices (e.g., placenta, cord plasma, amniotic fluid, breast milk, urine, and blood of pregnant women) are also discussed. Finally, key issues and recommendations were provided to avoid hazardous exposure to these chemicals, taking into account family and lifestyle factors related to this exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ewa Mulkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hanna Lis
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Klaudia Godlewska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Muhammad Sajid
- Applied Research Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dimitra Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki GR-57001, Greece
| | - Natalia Jatkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Marie C, Garlantézec R, Béranger R, Ficheux AS. Use of Cosmetic Products in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women and Young Children: Guidelines for Interventions during the Perinatal Period from the French National College of Midwives. J Midwifery Womens Health 2022; 67 Suppl 1:S99-S112. [PMID: 36480670 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a literature review focusing on the use and health effects of cosmetics, especially among pregnant and lactating women and young children. Based on these data, we propose clinical practice guidelines for health care professionals to use for informing and advising their patients. These include the recommendations that families: (1) reduce the number and the frequency of use (grade B) and the amount applied (expert consensus) of all cosmetic products during the perinatal period and among children; (2) prefer simple, fragrance-free, and rinsable products, with short ingredient lists (expert consensus); and (3) for children, avoid industrial wipes and prefer water, with suitable soap when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Marie
- Agence régionale de Santé Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 241 rue Garibaldi CS 93383, 69418 Lyon cedex 03
| | - Ronan Garlantézec
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Rémi Béranger
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, Rennes, F-35000, France
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Järvinen KM, Davis EC, Bevec E, Jackson CM, Pizzarello C, Catlin E, Klein M, Sunkara A, Diaz N, Miller J, Martina CA, Thakar J, Seppo AE, Looney RJ. Biomarkers of Development of Immunity and Allergic Diseases in Farming and Non-farming Lifestyle Infants: Design, Methods and 1 Year Outcomes in the "Zooming in to Old Order Mennonites" Birth Cohort Study. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:916184. [PMID: 35874571 PMCID: PMC9299374 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.916184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional farming lifestyle has been shown to be protective against asthma and allergic diseases. The individual factors that appear to be associated with this "farm-life effect" include consumption of unpasteurized farm milk and exposure to farm animals and stables. However, the biomarkers of the protective immunity and those associated with early development of allergic diseases in infancy remain unclear. The "Zooming in to Old Order Mennonites (ZOOM)" study was designed to assess the differences in the lifestyle and the development of the microbiome, systemic and mucosal immunity between infants born to traditional farming lifestyle at low risk for allergic diseases and those born to urban/suburban atopic families with a high risk for allergic diseases in order to identify biomarkers of development of allergic diseases in infancy. 190 mothers and their infants born to Old Order Mennonite population protected from or in Rochester families at high risk for allergic diseases were recruited before birth from the Finger Lakes Region of New York State. Questionnaires and samples are collected from mothers during pregnancy and after delivery and from infants at birth and at 1-2 weeks, 6 weeks, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, with 3-, 4-, and 5-year follow-up ongoing. Samples collected include maternal blood, stool, saliva, nasal and skin swabs and urine during pregnancy; breast milk postnatally; infant blood, stool, saliva, nasal and skin swabs. Signs and symptoms of allergic diseases are assessed at every visit and serum specific IgE is measured at 1 and 2 years of age. Allergic diseases are diagnosed by clinical history, exam, and sensitization by skin prick test and/or serum specific IgE. By the end of the first year of life, the prevalence of food allergy and atopic dermatitis were higher in ROC infants compared to the rates observed in OOM infants as was the number of infants sensitized to foods. These studies of immune system development in a population protected from and in those at risk for allergic diseases will provide critical new knowledge about the development of the mucosal and systemic immunity and lay the groundwork for future studies of prevention of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi M. Järvinen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Erin C. Davis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Erin Bevec
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Courtney M. Jackson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Catherine Pizzarello
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Catlin
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Miranda Klein
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Akhila Sunkara
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Nichole Diaz
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - James Miller
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Camille A. Martina
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Antti E. Seppo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - R. John Looney
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
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Ban HE, Lee KMN, Rogers-LaVanne MP, Zabłocka-Słowińska K, Galbarczyk A, Jasienska G, Clancy KBH. Dietary Protein Source Matters for Changes in Inflammation Measured by Urinary C-Reactive Protein in Rural Polish Women. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022; 178:182-190. [PMID: 36466441 PMCID: PMC9718368 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Multiple macronutrients have been shown to affect systemic inflammation, a well-known predictor of chronic disease. Less often, varying sources of these macronutrients are examined. Different subsistence environments lead to varying access to protein sources which, combined with physical activity patterns, may lead to different relationships than among more typically studied sedentary, industrialized populations. This study hypothesizes an association between dietary protein intake and urinary C-Reactive Protein (CRP) concentration in women from a rural, agrarian Polish community. Materials and Methods We assessed protein intake and their sources for 80 nonsmoking, premenopausal Polish women who were not pregnant, nursing, or on hormonal birth control during the study or within the previous six months. Each participant completed multiple 24-hour dietary recalls during one menstrual cycle. Participants collected morning void urinary samples daily over one menstrual cycle for urinary CRP analysis. We analyzed relationships between plant and animal protein intake and CRP over the menstrual cycle by multiple linear regression. Results Plant protein in cereal foods was significantly positively associated with cycle-average urinary CRP concentrations (p<0.05) after controlling for body fat percent, total energy intake, and dietary fiber. Foods containing animal protein were not significantly associated with CRP. Discussion Contents of this population's main plant and animal protein sources differ from those of more commonly studied industrialized populations. Within the context of a population's typical diet, more emphasis may need to be placed on particular source of protein consumed, beyond plant versus animal, in order to understand relationships with CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley E Ban
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Katharine MN Lee
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Mary P Rogers-LaVanne
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Andrzej Galbarczyk
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grazyna Jasienska
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kathryn BH Clancy
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Beckman Institute of Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Corresponding Author: Kathryn B. H. Clancy, PhD, , Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 607 S. Mathews Ave., 109 Davenport Hall, Urbana IL 61801, 217-244-1509; Beckman Institute of Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave. M/C 251, Urbana, IL 61801
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Brassea-Pérez E, Hernández-Camacho CJ, Labrada-Martagón V, Vázquez-Medina JP, Gaxiola-Robles R, Zenteno-Savín T. "Oxidative stress induced by phthalates in mammals: State of the art and potential biomarkers". ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112636. [PMID: 34973198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates, plasticizers that are widely used in consumer products including toys, cosmetics, and food containers, have negative effects in liver, kidney, brain, lung and reproductive system of humans and other mammals. OBJECTIVES To summarize, describe and discuss the available information on the effects of phthalate exposure in mammals, with emphasis on oxidative stress, and to suggest potential biomarkers of the health risks associated with phthalate exposure. METHODS An assessment of scientific journals was performed using the PRISMA model for systematic reviews. Manuscripts reporting effects of phthalate exposure on mammalian health published in the last decade were selected according to originality, content, and association to health hazards. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We identified 25 peer-reviewed articles published between January 1st, 2010 and June 1st, 2021 that fit the aims and selection criteria. Phthalates induce oxidative stress and cell degenerative processes by increasing intracellular reactive species. Antioxidant cytoprotective systems decrease with time of exposure; conversely, oxidative damage markers, including thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), 8-hydroxy-2'-desoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increase. Phthalates were associated with endocrine system disfunction, metabolic disorders, infertility, nonviable pregnancy, cell degeneration, growth impairment, tumor development, and cognitive disorders. Phthalates can also aggravate health conditions such as asthma, hepatitis, diabetes, allergies, chronic liver and kidney diseases. Among humans, the more vulnerable subjects to phthalate exposure effects were children and individuals with a prior health condition. CONCLUSION Chronic exposure to phthalates induces oxidative stress in mammals with concomitant adverse effects in reproductive, respiratory, endocrine, circulatory, and central nervous systems in both in vitro and in vivo trials. Oxidative damage markers and phthalate metabolites levels were the most common biomarkers of phthalate exposure effects. Studies in free-ranging and wild mammals are nil. Further studies on the pathways that lead to metabolic disruption are needed to identify potential treatments against phthalate-induced detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Brassea-Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste S.C, Planeación Ambiental y Conservación, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional #195, Col. Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, CP 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Claudia J Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/n, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, CP 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Vanessa Labrada-Martagón
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Chapultepec #1570, Col. Privadas Del Pedregal, CP 78295, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Ramón Gaxiola-Robles
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste S.C, Planeación Ambiental y Conservación, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional #195, Col. Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, CP 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Hospital General de Zona No.1. Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, 5 de Febrero y Héroes de La Independencia, Centro, La Paz, Baja California Sur, C.P. 23000, Mexico
| | - Tania Zenteno-Savín
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste S.C, Planeación Ambiental y Conservación, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional #195, Col. Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, CP 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
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Maternal Food and Beverage Consumption Behaviors and Discrepant Phthalate Exposure by Race. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042190. [PMID: 33672279 PMCID: PMC7927108 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Differential exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including phthalate diesters, may contribute to persistent racial/ethnic disparities in women’s reproductive health outcomes. We sought to characterize sources of gestational exposure to these agents that may differ according to maternal race. Methods: We enrolled pregnant Black (n = 198), including African American, and White (n = 197) women during the second trimester, and measured eight phthalate monoester metabolites in urine. We assessed confounder-adjusted associations between multiple food and beverage consumption habits, summarized using a principal component analysis, as predictors of maternal urinary phthalate metabolite levels, stratified by race. Results: Whites reported significantly greater unprocessed food consumption (42.5% vs. 32.0%; p < 0.001) and storage of food in clear unbreakable plastic containers (66.5% vs. 49.3%; p < 0.001) than Blacks, while Blacks consumed more canned fruits and vegetables (23.5% vs. 12.2%; p < 0.001) than Whites. Using plastics for food storage, microwaving in plastic containers, and using hard plastic water bottles was associated with urinary phthalate concentrations, especially DEHP metabolites (e.g., mean difference = 5.13%; 95% CI: 3.05, 7.25). These associations were driven primarily by Black pregnant women. Conclusions: Targeted interventions to reduce maternal exposure to phthalates need to be designed with specific attention to differences in food and beverage consumption behaviors among Black and White women.
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Jacobson MH, Wu Y, Liu M, Attina TM, Naidu M, Karthikraj R, Kannan K, Warady BA, Furth S, Vento S, Trachtman H, Trasande L. Serially assessed bisphenol A and phthalate exposure and association with kidney function in children with chronic kidney disease in the US and Canada: A longitudinal cohort study. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003384. [PMID: 33052911 PMCID: PMC7556524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental chemicals may be a modifiable risk factor for progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of serially assessed exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates on measures of kidney function, tubular injury, and oxidative stress over time in a cohort of children with CKD. METHODS AND FINDINGS Samples were collected between 2005 and 2015 from 618 children and adolescents enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study, an observational cohort study of pediatric CKD patients from the US and Canada. Most study participants were male (63.8%) and white (58.3%), and participants had a median age of 11.0 years (interquartile range 7.6 to 14.6) at the baseline visit. In urine samples collected serially over an average of 3.0 years (standard deviation [SD] 1.6), concentrations of BPA, phthalic acid (PA), and phthalate metabolites were measured as well as biomarkers of tubular injury (kidney injury molecule-1 [KIM-1] and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL]) and oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG] and F2-isoprostane). Clinical renal function measures included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), proteinuria, and blood pressure. Linear mixed models were fit to estimate the associations between urinary concentrations of 6 chemical exposure measures (i.e., BPA, PA, and 4 phthalate metabolite groups) and clinical renal outcomes and urinary concentrations of KIM-1, NGAL, 8-OHdG, and F2-isoprostane controlling for sex, age, race/ethnicity, glomerular status, birth weight, premature birth, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use, angiotensin receptor blocker use, BMI z-score for age and sex, and urinary creatinine. Urinary concentrations of BPA, PA, and phthalate metabolites were positively associated with urinary KIM-1, NGAL, 8-OHdG, and F2-isoprostane levels over time. For example, a 1-SD increase in ∑di-n-octyl phthalate metabolites was associated with increases in NGAL (β = 0.13 [95% CI: 0.05, 0.21], p = 0.001), KIM-1 (β = 0.30 [95% CI: 0.21, 0.40], p < 0.001), 8-OHdG (β = 0.10 [95% CI: 0.06, 0.13], p < 0.001), and F2-isoprostane (β = 0.13 [95% CI: 0.01, 0.25], p = 0.04) over time. BPA and phthalate metabolites were not associated with eGFR, proteinuria, or blood pressure, but PA was associated with lower eGFR over time. For a 1-SD increase in ln-transformed PA, there was an average decrease in eGFR of 0.38 ml/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI: -0.75, -0.01; p = 0.04). Limitations of this study included utilization of spot urine samples for exposure assessment of non-persistent compounds and lack of specific information on potential sources of exposure. CONCLUSIONS Although BPA and phthalate metabolites were not associated with clinical renal endpoints such as eGFR or proteinuria, there was a consistent pattern of increased tubular injury and oxidative stress over time, which have been shown to affect renal function in the long term. This raises concerns about the potential for clinically significant changes in renal function in relation to exposure to common environmental toxicants at current levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie H. Jacobson
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yinxiang Wu
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Teresa M. Attina
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mrudula Naidu
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rajendiran Karthikraj
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Bradley A. Warady
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Susan Furth
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Vento
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Howard Trachtman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Zhang Q, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Hou J, Wang P, Kong X, Sundell J. Phthalate exposure in Chinese homes and its association with household consumer products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:136965. [PMID: 32120090 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are SVOCs (Semi-volatile Organic Compounds) that are widely used in industrial and daily home products. This study aimed to investigate exposure levels to phthalates in Chinese homes and to relate these to building characteristics and lifestyles. Dust in 399 homes of 410 children in urban Tianjin and rural Cangzhou was analyzed for concentrations of six target phthalates. The median concentrations were 0.31μg/g for diethyl phthalate (DEP), 16.39μg/g for di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), 42.60μg/g for di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), 0.10μg/g for benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP), 127.11μg/g for di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and 0.28μg/g for di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP). Strong associations were found between modern flooring materials (laminated wood/wood) and concentrations of DiBP, BBzP and DiNP; modern window frame (aluminum/plastic steel) and BBzP concentration; leather polish and DEHP concentration; perfume and DEP concentration. Concentrations of phthalates were significantly higher in Tianjin urban homes than Cangzhou rural homes. Concentrations of phthalates increased significantly with increasing household income. Our study indicates that exposure to phthalates in Chinese homes increases with attributes of modern life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Qingnan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jing Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jan Sundell
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
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Filardi T, Panimolle F, Lenzi A, Morano S. Bisphenol A and Phthalates in Diet: An Emerging Link with Pregnancy Complications. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020525. [PMID: 32092855 PMCID: PMC7071371 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that are able to interfere with hormone action, likely contributing to the development of several endocrine and metabolic diseases. Among them, Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates contaminate food and water and have been largely studied as obesogenic agents. They might contribute to weight gain, insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in pregnancy, potentially playing a role in the development of pregnancy complications, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and adverse outcomes. Pregnancy and childhood are sensitive windows of susceptibility, and, although with not univocal results, preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that exposure to BPA and phthalates at these stages of life might have an impact on the development of metabolic diseases even many years later. The molecular mechanisms underlying this association are largely unknown, but adipocyte and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction are suspected to be involved. Remarkably, transgenerational damage has been observed, which might be explained by epigenetic changes. Further research is needed to address knowledge gaps and to provide preventive measure to limit health risks connected with exposure to EDCs.
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Kim YB, Cheon YP, Choi D, Lee SH. Adverse Effect of Nonylphenol on the Reproductive System in F2 Male Mice : A Qualitative Change? Dev Reprod 2019; 23:255-262. [PMID: 31660452 PMCID: PMC6812968 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2019.23.3.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported negative effects of low-dose nonylphenol (NP) exposure on
the reproductive organs of F1 male mice. In the present study was further
investigated the endocrine disrupting effect of NP exposure to F2 generation
male mice. Mice were divided into 2 groups; (1) CON, control animals and (2)
NP-50 (50 μg/L), animals were treated with NP via drinking water. NP
exposures were continuously conducted from parental pre-mating period until the
postnatal day (PND) 55 of F2 offsprings. Mice were sacrificed on PND 55 and the
reproductive tissue weights were measured. The initial (at PND 21) and terminal
(PND 55) body weights of the NP-50 group animals were not significantly
different from those of control group animals. NP exposure fail to induce a
significant weight change of the testes, seminal vesicle and prostate except
absolute epididymal weight (p<0.05). However,
pathohistological studies revealed that NP-treated F2 animals showed evident
decrease in seminiferous tubule diameters, reduced luminal area and number of
germ cells. Also, sloughing morphologies in the tubules were notable. In the
caudal epididymis, fewer mature sperms and swollen epithelial cells were found
in the NP-treated group. The present study demonstrated that the subchronic
low-dose NP exposure induced pathohistological abnormalities in testis and
epididymis of F2 mice, and we assumed that these ‘qualitative’
changes in reproductive tissues could be derived from the epigenetic
modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modification, altered DNA
accessibility and chromatin structure. Further studies are needed to achieve a
better understanding on the multi- or trans-generational effects of NP on
the reproductive health and a human application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bin Kim
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Dept. of Lifetechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Donchan Choi
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
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Park C, Hwang M, Baek Y, Jung S, Lee Y, Paek D, Choi K. Urinary phthalate metabolite and bisphenol A levels in the Korean adult population in association with sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics: Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2012–2014. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:903-910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hoepner LA. Bisphenol a: A narrative review of prenatal exposure effects on adipogenesis and childhood obesity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:54-68. [PMID: 30897403 PMCID: PMC10637253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is significant evidence of globally ubiquitous prenatal exposures to bisphenol A (BPA). Childhood obesity as an epidemic has been a global concern for over a decade. Experimental models and epidemiological evidence suggest that BPA may act as an obesogen during adipogenesis. Results from stem cell models and birth cohort studies support the developmental origins of health and disease theory. While literature reviews have presented a variety of potential mechanisms of BPA action during adipogenesis, there remains no consensus. This review is the first to explore the proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) mechanism in detail. This review will also examine the obesogenic effect of prenatal exposure to BPA during critical windows of vulnerability. Although vast experimental literature exists, there is limited epidemiological evidence to support the hypothesis for the obesogenic effect of BPA. The primary goal of this review is to provide researchers with a roadmap of existing research and suggestions for future directions for analyzing the relationship between prenatal BPA exposures and childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Downstate Medical Center School of Public Health, State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Modern life makes children allergic. A cross-sectional study: associations of home environment and lifestyles with asthma and allergy among children in Tianjin region, China. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:587-598. [PMID: 30627853 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-1395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the past 60 years, the prevalences of asthma and allergy among children have increased around the world. Neither genetic nor outdoor environmental factors can explain this increase. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 7366 children in Tianjin, China, on associations of home environment and lifestyles with asthma and allergy. RESULTS The prevalences of diagnosed asthma, rhinitis and eczema among 0- to 8-year-old children in the Tianjin area were 4%, 9% and 39%. Home environment and lifestyle, together with infections, were strong risk factors. For asthma and allergy, the population attributable fraction (PAF) due to modern floors and wall coverings (i.e., laminated wooden floors and painted walls compared to tile floors and lime-coated walls) was 22%. Window condensation in winter and air conditioner use in summer, both of which are proxies for less ventilation, accounted for 7-17% of rhinitis and eczema. Cesarean delivery accounted for 10% of eczema symptoms. We developed a modern life index from appropriate home characteristics and lifestyle and food consumption habits and found it to have a clear dose-response relationship with asthma and allergy in Tianjin children. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that a "modern" home environment together with a modern lifestyle is associated with increased prevalences of asthma and allergies among children. Appropriate indoor environmental interventions and education of children's caregivers are important in the management of childhood asthma and allergy.
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Marie C, Lémery D, Vendittelli F, Sauvant-Rochat MP. Phthalate Exposure in Pregnant Women: Risk Perception and Preventive Advice of Perinatal Health Professionals. Matern Child Health J 2018; 23:335-345. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Liao C, Liu W, Zhang J, Shi W, Wang X, Cai J, Zou Z, Lu R, Sun C, Wang H, Huang C, Zhao Z. Associations of urinary phthalate metabolites with residential characteristics, lifestyles, and dietary habits among young children in Shanghai, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:1288-1297. [PMID: 29122348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to household phthalates has been reported to have adverse effects on children's health. In this paper, we used phthalate metabolites in the first morning urine as indicators of household phthalate exposures and examined their associations with residential characteristics, lifestyles and dietary habits among young children. During 2013-2014, we collected morning urines from children aged 5-10years in Shanghai, China and obtained the related information about analyzed factors in this study by questionnaires. Urinary phthalate metabolites were analyzed by isotope dilution-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-heated electrospray ionization source (HESI) coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. ANOVA, the Mann-Whitney or Kruskai-Wallis rank tests, and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to examine the target associations. Ten metabolites of seven phthalates in 434 urine samples were analyzed. The detection rates of eight metabolites (MiBP, MnBP, MEHP, MECPP, MEHHP, MEOHP, MEP, and MMP) were >90%, except for MBzP (51.2%), and MCHP with <10.0% of detection rate was not included in analyses. By multivariate linear regression analyses, factors significantly associated with higher concentrations of metabolites included non-usage household air cleaners (MEP and MEHP), changing the child's pillowcase less than one time a week (DEHP metabolites), dusting furniture in the child's bedroom less than three times a week (MMP and MnBP), using more plastic toys (DEHP metabolites and MEP), often having soft drinks (DEHP metabolites) and candies (MiBP). Our results indicated that phthalate exposures were common among Shanghai children and residential characteristics had less significant associations with urinary phthalate metabolites compared with lifestyles and dietary habits. Using less plastic toys, having less candies and soft drinks, using household air cleaner, as well as frequently changing the child's pillowcase and dusting furniture in the child's bedroom could reduce phthalate exposures among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Liao
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China; Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China
| | - Wenming Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Cai
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China; School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhijun Zou
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China
| | - Rongchun Lu
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China
| | - Chanjuan Sun
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, China.
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Nassan FL, Coull BA, Gaskins AJ, Williams MA, Skakkebaek NE, Ford JB, Ye X, Calafat AM, Braun JM, Hauser R. Personal Care Product Use in Men and Urinary Concentrations of Select Phthalate Metabolites and Parabens: Results from the Environment And Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:087012. [PMID: 28886595 PMCID: PMC5783668 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal care products (PCPs) are exposure sources to phthalates and parabens; however, their contribution to men's exposure is understudied. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between PCP use and urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and parabens in men. METHODS In a prospective cohort, at multiple study visits, men self-reported their use of 14 PCPs and provided a urine sample (2004-2015, Boston, MA). We measured urinary concentrations of 9 phthalate metabolites and methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben. We estimated the covariate-adjusted percent change in urinary concentrations associated with PCP use using linear mixed and Tobit mixed regressions. We also estimated weights for each PCP in a weighted binary score regression and modeled the resulting composite weighted PCP use. RESULTS Four hundred men contributed 1,037 urine samples (mean of 3/man). The largest percent increase in monoethyl phthalate (MEP) was associated with use of cologne/perfume (83%, p-value<0.01) and deodorant (74%, p-value<0.01). In contrast, the largest percent increase for parabens was associated with the use of suntan/sunblock lotion (66-156%) and hand/body lotion (79-147%). Increases in MEP and parabens were generally greater with PCP use within 6 h of urine collection. A subset of 10 PCPs that were used within 6 h of urine collection contributed to at least 70% of the weighted score and predicted a 254-1,333% increase in MEP and parabens concentrations. Associations between PCP use and concentrations of the other phthalate metabolites were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS We identified 10 PCPs of relevance and demonstrated that their use within 6 h of urine collection strongly predicted MEP and paraben urinary concentrations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1374.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiby L Nassan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Audrey J Gaskins
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle A Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Niels E Skakkebaek
- Department of Growth and Reproduction & EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer B Ford
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sobolewski M, Weiss B, Martin M, Gurven M, Barrett E. Toxicoanthropology: Phthalate exposure in relation to market access in a remote forager-horticulturalist population. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:799-809. [PMID: 28392401 PMCID: PMC5512270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are a class of plasticizing chemicals produced in high volume and widely found in consumer products. Evidence suggests that phthalates may have non-monotonic effects on reproductive hormone activity. With exposure to phthalates virtually ubiquitous among industrialized populations, identifying unexposed and/or minimally exposed human populations is essential for understanding the effects of low level exposures. Our primary objective was to quantify urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in the Tsimane', a remote population of Bolivian forager-horticulturalists. Our secondary objectives were to determine if phthalate metabolite concentrations vary in relation to access to market goods; and to explore relationships between phthalate and reproductive hormone metabolite concentrations. Given that phthalate exposure is of particular concern during fetal development, we focused on reproductive age women in the current analyses. Phthalate metabolites were assayed in urine samples from 59 naturally cycling, reproductive age Tsimane' women. Market access was assessed as: (1) distance from residence to the largest nearby town (San Borja, Bolivia) and (2) Spanish fluency. Urinary reproductive hormone metabolite concentrations were quantified using enzyme immunoassays. We fit linear models to examine: (1) predictors of phthalate exposure; and (2) relationships between urinary phthalate and reproductive hormone metabolite concentrations. Eight phthalate metabolites were detectable in at least 75% of samples. Median concentrations were up to an order of magnitude lower than industrialized populations. Proximity to San Borja and Spanish fluency were strong predictors of exposure. In exploratory analyses, the sum of the di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate metabolites (∑DEHP) and Mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) were significantly associated with altered concentrations of urinary reproductive hormone metabolites. Remote, subsistence populations, like the Tsimane', offer a unique window into the health effects of endocrine active compounds because: (1) exposures are low and likely to be first generation; (2) a natural fertility lifestyle allows for exploration of reproductive effects; and (3) ever-increasing globalization will result in increasing exposure in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Sobolewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, 575 Elmwood Ave, Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - Bernard Weiss
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, 575 Elmwood Ave, Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - Melanie Martin
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3210, United States; Department of Anthropology, Yale University, 10 Sachem St., New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3210, United States.
| | - Emily Barrett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
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Mogensen DM, Pihl MB, Skakkebæk NE, Andersen HR, Juul A, Kyhl HB, Swan S, Kristensen DM, Andersen MS, Lind DV, Jensen TK. Prenatal exposure to antifungal medication may change anogenital distance in male offspring: a preliminary study. Environ Health 2017; 16:68. [PMID: 28637461 PMCID: PMC5480178 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaginal candidiasis is frequent among pregnant women and it is treated with anti-fungal medication (conazoles). Conazoles have anti-androgenic properties and prenatal exposure in rodents is associated with a shorter (less masculine) anogenital distance (AGD) in male offspring. To our knowledge this has never been studied in humans. METHOD In the Odense Child Cohort pregnant women residing in Odense municipality, Denmark, were recruited at gestational age 8-16 weeks between 2010 and 2012. Of the eligible 2421 mother-child pairs, 812 mother-son pairs were included. Questionnaire data on medicine use were collected in first and third trimester and physical examination at age 3 month was performed. Ano-scrotal distance; measured from the centre of anus to the posterior base of scrotum (AGDas). Ano-cephalad distance; measured from the centre of anus to the cephalad insertion of the penis (AGDap) and penile width; measured at the base of the penis. RESULTS Eighty seven women had used antifungal medicine during pregnancy. Maternal use of oral fluconazole (n = 4) was associated with a 6.4 mm shorter AGDas (95% CI: -11.9;-0.9) in the male offspring. Use of antifungal vaginal tablets (n = 21), was associated with a non-significantly shorter AGDas (-1.9 mm; 95% CI: -4.3; 0.5) whereas exposure to vaginal cream (n = 23) was not associated to AGDas. Use of antifungal medicine in the window of genital development between 8 and 14 weeks of gestation was associated with a larger reduction in AGDas than exposure outside this window. Antifungal medicine intake was not associated with AGDap and penil width. CONCLUSION Our preliminary findings prompted us to hypothesize that maternal use of conazole antifungal medication during pregnancy may affect the masculinization of male offspring. If confirmed, pregnant women should be advised to use antifungal medicine with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djamilla Madelung Mogensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewsparken 17 2, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Maria Bergkvist Pihl
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewsparken 17 2, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Niels E. Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Raun Andersen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewsparken 17 2, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Boye Kyhl
- Hans Christian Andersen Children’s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Odense Patient data Exploratory Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Shanna Swan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - David Møbjerg Kristensen
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dorte Vesterholm Lind
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewsparken 17 2, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewsparken 17 2, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Hans Christian Andersen Children’s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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McBride K, Gesink D. Increasing Cancer Screening Among Old Order Anabaptist Women Through Specialized Women's Health and Integrated Cancer Screening Interventions. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 20:465-478. [PMID: 28239755 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-017-0551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to develop, deliver, and evaluate a cancer screening intervention focused on rural Anabaptist communities in Ontario, Canada, to increase routine cancer screenings among women. We carried out three cancer prevention and screening interventions with Old Order Anabaptist women. Each intervention consisted of: transportation to the site, pre-arranged screening services, health teachings, fellowship and shopping, and an evaluative survey. Seventy five women total participated over three interventions. 85% of participants were under or never screened for cancer. This was the first breast screen for 26% of those who completed a mammogram and the first colon screen for 29% of the women who took home an FOBT collection kit. Reviews of the intervention were positive. Integration and community based planning were the primary reasons for the success of this cancer screening intervention. Intervention days were best timed in the early spring before planting or late fall after canning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate McBride
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Dionne Gesink
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada.
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Univariate predictors of maternal concentrations of environmental chemicals: The MIREC study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:77-85. [PMID: 28109710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developing fetus and pregnant woman can be exposed to a variety of environmental chemicals that may adversely affect their health. Moreover, environmental exposure and risk disparities are associated with different social determinants, including socioeconomic status (SES) and demographic indicators. Our aim was to investigate whether and how maternal concentrations of a large panel of persistent and non-persistent environmental chemicals vary according to sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics in a large pregnancy and birth cohort. METHODS Data were analyzed from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study, a cohort of pregnant women (N=2001) recruited over four years (2008-2011) in 10 cities across Canada. In all, 1890 urine and 1938 blood samples from the first trimester (1st and 3rd trimester for metals) were analysed and six sociodemographic and lifestyle indicators were assessed: maternal age, household income, parity, smoking status, country of birth and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). RESULTS We found these indicators to be significantly associated with many of the chemicals measured in maternal blood and urine. Women born outside Canada had significantly higher concentrations of di-2-ethylhexyl and diethyl phthalate metabolites, higher levels of all metals except cadmium (Cd), as well as higher levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Nulliparity was associated with higher concentrations of dialkyl phosphates (DAPs), arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and many of the persistent organic pollutants. Smokers had higher levels of bisphenol A, Cd and perfluorohexane sulfonate, while those women who had never smoked had higher levels of triclosan, DMAA, manganese and some OCPs. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that inequitable distribution of exposure to chemicals among populations within a country can occur. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors are an important component of a thorough risk assessment as they can impact the degree of exposure and may modify the individual's susceptibility to potential health effects due to differences in lifestyle, cultural diets, and aging.
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Tordjman K, Grinshpan L, Novack L, Göen T, Segev D, Beacher L, Stern N, Berman T. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals among residents of a rural vegetarian/vegan community. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 97:68-75. [PMID: 27792907 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are increasingly thought to be involved in the rising prevalence of disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and some hormone-dependent cancers. Several lines of evidence have indicated that vegetarian and vegan diets may offer some protection from such diseases. We hypothesized that exposure to selected EDCs among residents of the unique vegetarian/vegan community of Amirim would be lower than what has recently been reported for the omnivorous population in the first Israel Biomonitoring Study (IBMS). METHODS We studied 42 Amirim residents (29 vegetarians/13 vegans; 24 women/18men, aged 50.7±13.7y). Subjects answered detailed lifestyle, and multipass, memory-based 24-hr dietary recall questionnaires. Concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA), 11 phthalate metabolites, and the isoflavone phytoestrogens (genistein and daidzein) were determined by GC or LC tandem mass-spectrometry on a spot urine sample. The results were compared to those obtained following the same methodology in the Jewish subgroup of the IBMS (n=184). RESULTS While a vegetarian/vegan nutritional pattern had no effect on exposure to BPA, it seemed to confer a modest protection (~21%) from exposure to high molecular weight phthalates. Furthermore, the summed metabolites of the high molecular weight phthalate DiNP were 36% lower in vegans compared to vegetarians (P<0.05). In contrast, Amirim residents exhibited a level of exposure to isoflavone phytoestrogens about an order of magnitude higher than in the IBMS (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In Israel, a country whose inhabitants demonstrate exposure to EDCs comparable to that of the US and Canada, a voluntary lifestyle of vegetarianism and preference for organic food has a modest, but possibly valuable, impact on exposure to phthalates, while it is associated with a very steep increase in the exposure to phytoestrogens. Major reduction in exposure to EDCs will require regulatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tordjman
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Laura Grinshpan
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lena Novack
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Thomas Göen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dar Segev
- Biotechnology Engineering, Braude College, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Lisa Beacher
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Naftali Stern
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Berman
- Department of Environmental Health, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
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Martina C, Looney RJ, Marcus C, Allen M, Stahlhut R. Prevalence of allergic disease in Old Order Mennonites in New York. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016; 117:562-563.e1. [PMID: 27612936 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Martina
- Department of Public Health Science and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - R John Looney
- Allergy Immunology Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.
| | - Carolina Marcus
- Allergy Immunology Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Maria Allen
- Allergy Immunology Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Richard Stahlhut
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Gesink D, Leach J, McBride K, Bergin-Payette K. Health Priorities and Health-Seeking Behaviors of Old Order Anabaptists in Southern Ontario With Emphasis on Cancer Screening. J Transcult Nurs 2016; 28:566-572. [PMID: 27589947 DOI: 10.1177/1043659616666325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-screening rates are low among Old Order Anabaptists; the burden of cancer is unknown. PURPOSE To investigate cancer and health in the Old Order Anabaptist context. Specifically, to describe health priorities and health-seeking behaviors, crudely estimate cancer burden, and identify predictors of cancer screening. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was distributed to households around Perth County, Ontario, in January 2014. RESULTS Response rate was 45%. Cancer burden was low. Cancer was a lower priority than general and mental health. After adjustment, family/friends motivated cancer screening for regular screeners ( OR: 6.38, 95% CI [1.93, 21.07]) and symptoms was reported to motivate those underscreened/never screened ( OR: 0.48, 95% CI [0.24, 0.96]). CONCLUSION Cancer-screening participation may be low because the burden of cancer is low and there are other high-priority health concerns. IMPLICATIONS Integrated cancer screening and holistic care may improve participation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Leach
- 2 Perth District Health Unit, Stratford, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kate McBride
- 3 Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Urine and serum biomonitoring of exposure to environmental estrogens I: Bisphenol A in pregnant women. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 92:129-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ponsonby AL, Symeonides C, Vuillermin P, Mueller J, Sly PD, Saffery R. Epigenetic regulation of neurodevelopmental genes in response to in utero exposure to phthalate plastic chemicals: How can we delineate causal effects? Neurotoxicology 2016; 55:92-101. [PMID: 27208563 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence, from animal models and human observational studies, implicates the in utero (and early postnatal) environment in the 'programming' of risk for a variety of adverse outcomes and health trajectories. The modern environment is replete with man-made compounds such as plastic product chemicals (PPC), including phenols and phthalates. Evidence from several human cohorts implicates exposure to these chemicals in adverse offspring neurodevelopment, though a direct causal relationship has not been firmly established. In this review we consider a potential causal pathway that encompasses epigenetic human variation, and how we might test this mechanistic hypothesis in human studies. In the first part of this report we outline how PPCs induce epigenetic change, focusing on the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, a key regulator of neurodevelopment. Further, we discuss the role of the epigenetics of BDNF and other genes in neurodevelopment and the emerging human evidence of an association between phthalate exposure and adverse offspring neurodevelopment. We discuss aspects of epidemiological and molecular study design and analysis that could be employed to strengthen the level of human evidence to infer causality. We undertake this using an exemplar recent research example: maternal prenatal smoking, linked to methylation change at the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) gene at birth, now shown to mediate some of the effects of maternal smoking on birth weight. Characterizing the relationship between the modern environment and the human molecular pathways underpinning its impact on early development is paramount to understanding the public health significance of modern day chemical exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Christos Symeonides
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jochen Mueller
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Gerona RR, Pan J, Zota AR, Schwartz JM, Friesen M, Taylor JA, Hunt PA, Woodruff TJ. Direct measurement of Bisphenol A (BPA), BPA glucuronide and BPA sulfate in a diverse and low-income population of pregnant women reveals high exposure, with potential implications for previous exposure estimates: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2016; 15:50. [PMID: 27071747 PMCID: PMC4828888 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous, endocrine-disrupting environmental contaminant that increases risk of some adverse developmental effects. Thus, it is important to characterize BPA levels, metabolic fate and sources of exposure in pregnant women. METHODS We used an improved liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytic method to directly and simultaneously measure unconjugated BPA (uBPA), BPA glucuronide and BPA sulfate in the urine of a population of ethnically and racially diverse, and predominately low-income pregnant women (n = 112) in their second trimester. We also administered a questionnaire on dietary and non-dietary sources of exposure to BPA. RESULTS We found universal and high exposure to uBPA and its metabolites: median concentrations were 0.25, 4.67, and 0.31 μg/g creatinine for uBPA, BPA glucuronide, and BPA sulfate, respectively. The median Total BPA (uBPA + BPA in glucuronide and sulfate forms) level was more than twice that measured in U.S. pregnant women in NHANES 2005-2006, while 30 % of the women had Total BPA levels above the 95th percentile. On average, Total BPA consisted of 71 % BPA in glucuronide form, 15 % BPA in sulfate form and 14 % uBPA, however the proportion of BPA in sulfate form increased and the proportion of uBPA decreased with Total BPA levels. Occupational and non-occupational contact with paper receipts was positively associated with BPA in conjugated (glucuronidated + sulfated) form after adjustment for demographic characteristics. Recent consumption of foods and beverages likely to be contaminated with BPA was infrequent among participants and we did not observe any positive associations with BPA analyte levels. CONCLUSION The high levels of BPA analytes found in our study population may be attributable to the low-income status of the majority of participants and/or our direct analytic method, which yields a more complete evaluation of BPA exposure. We observed near-universal exposure to BPA among pregnant women, as well as substantial variability in BPA metabolic clearance, raising additional concerns for effects on fetal development. Our results are consistent with studies showing thermal paper receipts to be an important source of exposure, point to the difficulty pregnant women have avoiding BPA exposure on an individual level, and therefore underscore the need for changes in BPA regulation and commerce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy R. Gerona
- />Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Janet Pan
- />Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Ami R. Zota
- />Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- />Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 414, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Jackie M. Schwartz
- />Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Matthew Friesen
- />Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Julia A. Taylor
- />Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, 114 Lefevre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Patricia A. Hunt
- />School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, PO Box 647521, Pullman, WA 99164-7521 USA
| | - Tracey J. Woodruff
- />Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
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Changes in Cosmetics Use during Pregnancy and Risk Perception by Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:383. [PMID: 27043593 PMCID: PMC4847045 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cosmetic products contain various chemical substances that may be potential carcinogen and endocrine disruptors. Women’s changes in cosmetics use during pregnancy and their risk perception of these products have not been extensively investigated. The main objective of this study was to describe the proportion of pregnant women changing cosmetics use and the proportion of non-pregnant women intending to do so if they became pregnant. The secondary objectives were to compare, among the pregnant women, the proportions of those using cosmetics before and during pregnancy, and to describe among pregnant and non-pregnant women, the risk perception of these products. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a gynaecology clinic and four community pharmacies. One hundred and twenty-eight women (60 non-pregnant and 68 pregnant women) replied to a self-administered questionnaire. Cosmetics use was identified for 28 products. The results showed that few women intended to change or had changed cosmetics use during pregnancy. Nail polish was used by fewer pregnant women compared to the period before pregnancy (p < 0.05). Fifty-five percent of the women considered cosmetics use as a risk during pregnancy and 65% would have appreciated advice about these products. Our findings indicate that all perinatal health professionals should be ready to advise women about the benefits and risks of using cosmetics during pregnancy.
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Personal Care Product Use in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: Implications for Exposure Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13010105. [PMID: 26751460 PMCID: PMC4730496 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Concern regarding the potential for developmental health risks associated with certain chemicals (e.g., phthalates, antibacterials) used in personal care products is well documented; however, current exposure data for pregnant women are limited. The objective of this study was to describe the pattern of personal care product use in pregnancy and the post-partum period. Usage patterns of personal care products were collected at six different time points during pregnancy and once in the postpartum period for a cohort of 80 pregnant women in Ottawa, Canada. The pattern of use was then described and groups of personal care product groups commonly used together were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis. The results showed that product use varied by income and country of birth. General hygiene products were the most commonly used products and were consistently used over time while cosmetic product use declined with advancing pregnancy and post-delivery. Hand soaps and baby products were reported as used more frequently after birth. This study is the first to track personal care product use across pregnancy and into the postpartum period, and suggests that pregnant populations may be a unique group of personal care product users. This information will be useful for exposure assessments.
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Arbuckle TE, Weiss L, Fisher M, Hauser R, Dumas P, Bérubé R, Neisa A, LeBlanc A, Lang C, Ayotte P, Walker M, Feeley M, Koniecki D, Tawagi G. Maternal and infant exposure to environmental phenols as measured in multiple biological matrices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 508:575-584. [PMID: 25483107 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results of recent national surveys have shown the high prevalence of exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS) among the general population; however biomonitoring data for pregnant women and infants are limited. METHODS Women (n=80) were recruited from early prenatal clinics and asked to collect urine samples multiple times during pregnancy and once 2-3 months post-partum. Samples of infant urine and meconium as well as breast milk and infant formula were also collected. Biospecimens were analyzed by GC-MS/MS for BPA, TCS and triclocarban (TCC). RESULTS Triclosan was detected in over 80% of the maternal urines (geometric mean (GM): 21.61 μg/L), 60% of the infant urines (GM: 2.8 μg/L), 46% of the breast milk and 80% of the meconium samples. Triclocarban was rarely detected in any of the biospecimens. Median total BPA concentrations were 1.21 and 0.24 μg/L in maternal and infant urines, respectively. Free BPA was detected in only 11% of infant urine samples. The meconium of female infants had significantly higher concentrations of total BPA and TCS than those of males, while no differences were observed in infant urine concentrations by sex. CONCLUSIONS We found widespread exposure among pregnant women and infants to environmental phenols, with large inter-individual variability in exposure to triclosan. These data will contribute to the risk assessment of these chemicals, especially in susceptible sub-populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tye E Arbuckle
- Population Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa ON, Canada.
| | - Lorelle Weiss
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada
| | - Mandy Fisher
- Population Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa ON, Canada
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pierre Dumas
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - René Bérubé
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Angelica Neisa
- Population Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa ON, Canada
| | - Alain LeBlanc
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Carly Lang
- Population Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa ON, Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, QC, Canada; Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de recherche du CHU Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Walker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada
| | - Mark Feeley
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Diane Koniecki
- Consumer Product Safety Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - George Tawagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatal Medicine, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Bi X, Yuan S, Pan X, Winstead C, Wang Q. Comparison, association, and risk assessment of phthalates in floor dust at different indoor environments in Delaware, USA. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:1428-39. [PMID: 26327207 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1074482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare and assess phthalate contamination in various indoor environments. In this study, 44 floor dust samples from different indoor environments in Delaware, USA were collected and analyzed for 14 phthalates using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Phthalates were detected in all dust samples with the total concentration ranging from 84 to 7117 mg kg(-1). DEHP (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate), BzBP (benzylbutyl phthalate), DBP (dibutyl phthalate), and DiBP (di-isobutyl phthalate) were both the most frequently and abundantly detected phthalates. The average concentration of total phthalates in dust from offices, student dorms, gyms, stores, and daycare centers was found to be significantly or insignificantly (P = 0.05) higher than that in dust from houses and apartments. Plastic flooring materials and the application of floor care chemical products were positively associated with total phthalate concentration in floor dust. Toxicological risk assessment indicated that an investigated daycare center in this study was the only indoor environment that may cause the intake amount of DEHP of infants, toddlers, and children via dust ingestion to exceed the reference dose established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Regular monitoring on phthalate contamination in sensitive indoor environments is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Bi
- a Chemistry Department , Delaware State University , Dover , Delaware , USA
- b School of Energy and Power Engineering , Nanjing Institute of Technology , Jiangsu , China
| | - Shoujun Yuan
- c School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Anhui , China
| | - Xiaojun Pan
- b School of Energy and Power Engineering , Nanjing Institute of Technology , Jiangsu , China
| | - Cherese Winstead
- a Chemistry Department , Delaware State University , Dover , Delaware , USA
| | - Qiquan Wang
- a Chemistry Department , Delaware State University , Dover , Delaware , USA
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Battal D, Cok I, Unlusayin I, Aktas A, Tunctan B. Determination of urinary levels of Bisphenol A in a Turkish population. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:8443-8452. [PMID: 25171897 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals that is widely used in common consumer products. The aim of this study was to report the total urinary BPA concentrations (free plus conjugated) in 200 urine samples (children: 57; male: 74; female: 69) obtained from residents of a Mediterranean city, Mersin. Analyses were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and for assessing environmental exposure to free BPA and its major metabolite bisphenol A glucuronide (BPAG) in human urine were determinated. Our results indicated that the free BPA and BPAG concentrations were in the range of 0.06-0.99 μg/g creatinine and 0.24-615 μg/g creatinine, respectively. No statistically significant difference obtained in BPA concentrations between genders (male and female) or domicile of residence (rural and urban) (p > 0.05). In our study, the mean level of detected free BPA was 0.46 μg/g creatinine in the urban area and 0.37 μg/g creatinine in the rural area. The average amount of BPAG was 60.56 μg/g creatinine in the urban area and 30.28 μg/g creatinine in the rural area. The data demonstrate that determined amount of total BPA in the present study is lower than the results of similar studies conducted in developed countries. There is no data about the levels of BPA in humans and environment in Turkey. Because of this reason, present study is very important since it is the first study in Turkey which determined the concentrations of free BPA and total BPA in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Battal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Mersin University, 33169, Mersin, Turkey,
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Serrano SE, Karr CJ, Seixas NS, Nguyen RHN, Barrett ES, Janssen S, Redmon B, Swan SH, Sathyanarayana S. Dietary phthalate exposure in pregnant women and the impact of consumer practices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:6193-215. [PMID: 24927036 PMCID: PMC4078574 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110606193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemicals that are contaminants in food and contribute to significant dietary exposures. We examined associations between reported consumption of specific foods and beverages and first trimester urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in 656 pregnant women within a multicenter cohort study, The Infant Development and Environment Study (TIDES), using multivariate regression analysis. We also examined whether reported use of ecofriendly and chemical-free products was associated with lower phthalate biomarker levels in comparison to not following such practices. Consumption of one additional serving of dairy per week was associated with decreases of 1% in the sum of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolite levels (95% CI: -2.0, -0.2). Further, participants who reported sometimes eating homegrown food had monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP) levels that were 16.6% lower (95% CI: -29.5, -1.3) in comparison to participants in the rarely/never category. In contrast to rarely/never eating frozen fruits and vegetables, participants who reported sometimes following this practice had monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) levels that were 21% higher (95% CI: 3.3, 41.7) than rarely/ever respondents. Future study on prenatal dietary phthalate exposure and the role of consumer product choices in reducing such exposure is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Serrano
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Noah S Seixas
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Ruby H N Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
| | - Sarah Janssen
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Bruce Redmon
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Shanna H Swan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
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Kubwabo C, Kosarac I, Lalonde K, Foster WG. Quantitative determination of free and total bisphenol A in human urine using labeled BPA glucuronide and isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4381-92. [PMID: 24817354 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used industrial chemical in the manufacturing of polycarbonate plastic bottles, food and beverage can linings, thermal receipts, and dental sealants. Animal and human studies suggest that BPA may disrupt normal hormonal function and hence, potentially, have negative effects on the human health. While total BPA is frequently reported, it is recognized that free BPA is the biologically active form and is rarely reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive and improved method for the measurement of free and total BPA in human urine. Use of a labeled conjugated BPA (bisphenol A-d6 β-D-glucuronide) allowed for the optimization of the enzymatic reaction and permitted an accurate determination of the conjugated BPA concentration in urine samples. In addition, a (13)C12-BPA internal standard was used to account for the analytical recoveries and performance of the isotope dilution method. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with derivatization and analysis using a triple quadrupole GC-EI/MS/MS system achieved very low method detection limit of 0.027 ng/mL. BPA concentrations were measured in urine samples collected during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in 36 Canadian women. Total maternal BPA concentrations in urine samples ranged from not detected to 9.40 ng/mL (median, 1.21 ng/mL), and free BPA concentrations ranged from not detected to 0.950 ng/mL (median, 0.185 ng/mL). Eighty-six percent of the women had detectable levels of conjugated BPA, whereas only 22 % had detectable levels of free BPA in their urine. BPA levels measured in this study agreed well with data reported internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cariton Kubwabo
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada,
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Barrett ES, Sathyanarayana S, Janssen S, Redmon JB, Nguyen RHN, Kobrosly R, Swan SH. Environmental health attitudes and behaviors: findings from a large pregnancy cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 176:119-25. [PMID: 24647207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Environmental chemicals are widely found in food and personal care products and may have adverse effects on fetal development. Our aim was to examine women's attitudes about these chemicals and ask whether they try to limit their exposure during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN A multi-center cohort of women in the first trimester of pregnancy completed questionnaires including items on attitudes and behaviors related to environmental chemicals. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine: (1) whether sociodemographic variables predict environmental health attitudes and behaviors; and (2) whether women's attitudes about environmental chemicals affect their lifestyle behaviors, particularly diet and personal care product use. RESULTS Of the 894 subjects, approximately 60% strongly agreed that environmental chemicals are dangerous and 25% strongly felt they were impossible to avoid. Adjusting for covariates, educated women were more likely to believe that environmental chemicals are dangerous (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.13, 2.66), and that belief, in turn, was associated with a number of healthy behaviors including choosing organic foods, foods in safe plastics, and chemical-free personal care products, and limiting fast food intake. Younger women were more likely to believe that environmental chemicals are impossible to avoid (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00, 1.08). CONCLUSIONS Women's attitudes about environmental chemicals may impact their choices during pregnancy. Overcoming a lack of concern about environmental chemicals, particularly among certain sociodemographic groups, is important for the success of clinical or public health prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Barrett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, United States.
| | - Sarah Janssen
- Department of Urology, University of California-San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94014, United States.
| | - J Bruce Redmon
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Ruby H N Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States.
| | - Roni Kobrosly
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Shanna H Swan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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Mortensen ME, Calafat AM, Ye X, Wong LY, Wright DJ, Pirkle JL, Merrill LS, Moye J. Urinary concentrations of environmental phenols in pregnant women in a pilot study of the National Children's Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 129:32-8. [PMID: 24529000 PMCID: PMC4530794 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental phenols are a group of chemicals with widespread uses in consumer and personal care products, food and beverage processing, and in pesticides. We assessed exposure to benzophenone-3, bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan, methyl- and propyl parabens, and 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol or their precursors in 506 pregnant women enrolled in the National Children's Study (NCS) Vanguard Study. We measured the urinary concentrations of the target phenols by using online solid-phase extraction-isotope dilution high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. NCS women results were compared to those of 524 similar-aged women in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010, and to 174 pregnant women in NHANES 2005-2010. In the NCS women, we found significant racial/ethnic differences (p<0.05) in regression adjusted mean concentrations of benzophenone-3, triclosan, 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol, but not of BPA. Urinary 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations were highly correlated (r=0.66, p<0.0001). Except for BPA and triclosan, adjusted mean concentrations were significantly different across the 7 study sites. Education was marginally significant for benzophenone-3, triclosan, propyl paraben, and 2,5-dichlorophenol. Urinary concentrations of target phenols in NCS pregnant women and U.S. women and pregnant women were similar. In NCS pregnant women, race/ethnicity and geographic location determined urinary concentrations of most phenols (except BPA), suggesting differential exposures. NCS Main Study protocols should collect urine biospecimens and information about exposures to environmental phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Mortensen
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lee-Yang Wong
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - James L Pirkle
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - John Moye
- NCS Program Office, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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38
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Phthalates in Food Packaging, Consumer Products, and Indoor Environments. MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE TOXICOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6500-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Preterm birth is a leading cause of neonatal mortality, with a variety of contributing causes and risk factors. Environmental exposures represent a group of understudied, but potentially important, factors. Phthalate diesters are used extensively in a variety of consumer products worldwide. Consequently, exposure in pregnant women is highly prevalent. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between phthalate exposure during pregnancy and preterm birth. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This nested case-control study was conducted at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Women were recruited for a prospective observational cohort study from 2006-2008. Each provided demographic data, biological samples, and information about birth outcomes. From within this group, we selected 130 cases of preterm birth and 352 randomly assigned control participants, and we analyzed urine samples from up to 3 time points during pregnancy for levels of phthalate metabolites. EXPOSURE Phthalate exposure during pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We examined associations between average levels of phthalate exposure during pregnancy and preterm birth, defined as fewer than 37 weeks of completed gestation, as well as spontaneous preterm birth, defined as preterm preceded by spontaneous preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of the membranes (n = 57). RESULTS Geometric means of the di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolites mono-(2-ethyl)-hexyl phthalate (MEHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), as well as mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), were significantly higher in cases compared with control participants. In adjusted models, MEHP, MECPP, and Σ DEHP metabolites were associated with significantly increased odds of preterm birth. When spontaneous preterm births were examined alone, MEHP, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, MECPP, Σ DEHP, MBP, and mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate metabolite levels were all associated with significantly elevated odds of prematurity. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Women exposed to phthalates during pregnancy have significantly increased odds of delivering preterm. Steps should be taken to decrease maternal exposure to phthalates during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K. Ferguson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thomas F. McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Trasande L, Sathyanarayana S, Trachtman H. Dietary phthalates and low-grade albuminuria in US children and adolescents. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 9:100-9. [PMID: 24178978 PMCID: PMC3878700 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.04570413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade albuminuria is an indicator of endothelial dysfunction and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. A graded level of exposure to bisphenol A was recently identified to be associated with increased risk of low-grade albuminuria in children and adults. Because bisphenol A and phthalates coexist as dietary contaminants, this study investigated whether exposure to phthalates is also associated with low-grade albuminuria. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Data were examined from 667 children who participated in the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and who had results for urinary phthalate metabolites and albumin excretion. Urinary albumin and creatinine concentrations were measured in a first morning specimen using a solid-phase fluorescent immunoassay and a Roche/Hitachi Modular P Chemistry Analyzer with an enzymatic method, respectively. Phthalate metabolites were analyzed in a separate spot urine sample from each participant, using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy. RESULTS For each (roughly) 3-fold increase in metabolites of di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (a high molecular weight phthalate commonly found in foods), a 0.55 mg/g increase in albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) was identified (P=0.02), whereas a 1.30-fold odds of a higher ACR quartile was also identified for each (roughly) 3-fold increase (P=0.02). Higher ACR was not identified in relationship to metabolites of lower molecular phthalates commonly found in lotions or shampoos, suggesting specificity. CONCLUSIONS Although reverse causation and unmeasured confounders represent alternative explanations, these findings, in conjunction with our earlier data on bisphenol A, indicate that a wide array of environmental toxins may adversely affect albuminuria and potentially increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. In view of the potential long-term health implications of ongoing exposure in this vulnerable subpopulation, our data support both further study and renewed regulatory efforts to limit exposure during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Trasande
- Departments of Pediatrics,, †Environmental Medicine, and, ‡Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York;, §New York University Wagner School of Public Service, New York, New York;, ‖Department of Nutrition, Food, and Public Health, New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York, New York, ¶Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Martins IJ. Induction of NAFLD with Increased Risk of Obesity and Chronic Diseases in Developed Countries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojemd.2014.44011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Quirós-Alcalá L, Eskenazi B, Bradman A, Ye X, Calafat AM, Harley K. Determinants of urinary bisphenol A concentrations in Mexican/Mexican--American pregnant women. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 59:152-60. [PMID: 23816546 PMCID: PMC3954740 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) may be associated with adverse health effects in the developing fetus; however, little is known about predictors of BPA exposure during pregnancy. We examined BPA exposure in 491 pregnant women from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) cohort and explored the role of living in the United States on significant dietary predictors of BPA exposure. Women provided urine samples up to two times during pregnancy (n=866 total samples). We computed the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to evaluate variability in concentrations between collections and used generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to assess predictors of exposure. Geometric mean (GSD) BPA concentrations were 0.9 (2.8)μg/L and 1.0 (2.6)μg/L at the first and second prenatal visits, respectively. We observed greater within- than between-woman variability in urinary BPA concentrations (ICC=0.22). GEE models suggest that women who lived in the United States their entire life had 38% (CI: -0.1, 89.3) higher urinary BPA concentrations compared with other immigrant women. Additionally, women who consumed ≥3 sodas per day or hamburgers three times a week or more had 58% (CI: 18.0, 112.1) and 20% (CI: -0.2, 45.2) higher urinary BPA concentrations, respectively, compared with women who consumed no sodas or hamburgers. A higher percentage of women who lived their entire life in the United States reported increased consumption of sodas and hamburgers compared with other immigrant women. Independent of other factors, BPA urinary concentrations were slightly higher when the sample was collected later in the day. As in previous studies, high within-woman variability in urinary BPA concentrations confirms that several samples are needed to properly characterize exposure during pregnancy. Results also suggest that some factors could be modified to minimize exposures during pregnancy in our study participants (e.g., reducing soda and hamburger intake) and that factors associated with acculturation might increase BPA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Ave, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704
- Corresponding author: Dr. Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá, Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Ave, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704, Tel: 510-642-9420, Fax: 510-642-9083,
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Ave, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Ave, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341
| | - Kim Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Ave, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704
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Rochester JR. Bisphenol A and human health: a review of the literature. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 42:132-55. [PMID: 23994667 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1161] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that bisphenol A (BPA) may adversely affect humans. BPA is an endocrine disruptor that has been shown to be harmful in laboratory animal studies. Until recently, there were relatively few epidemiological studies examining the relationship between BPA and health effects in humans. However, in the last year, the number of these studies has more than doubled. A comprehensive literature search found 91 studies linking BPA to human health; 53 published within the last year. This review outlines this body of literature, showing associations between BPA exposure and adverse perinatal, childhood, and adult health outcomes, including reproductive and developmental effects, metabolic disease, and other health effects. These studies encompass both prenatal and postnatal exposures, and include several study designs and population types. While it is difficult to make causal links with epidemiological studies, the growing human literature correlating environmental BPA exposure to adverse effects in humans, along with laboratory studies in many species including primates, provides increasing support that environmental BPA exposure can be harmful to humans, especially in regards to behavioral and other effects in children.
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Key Words
- 17-beta estradiol
- 8-OHdG
- 8-hydoxydeoxyguanosine
- A European population representative sample (Chianti, Italy)
- AGD
- ANA
- BADGE
- BASC-2
- BMI
- BPA
- BRIEF-P
- Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool
- Behavioral Assessment System for Children
- Bisphenol A
- C-reactive protein
- CAD
- CBCL
- CHAMACOS
- CHD
- CMV
- CRP
- CVD
- Child Behavior Checklist
- DBP
- DHEAS
- Development
- E2
- ECN
- EFS
- EH
- EPIC-Norfolk Study
- ER
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals
- Epidemiology
- FAI
- FDA
- FSH
- FT
- Food and Drug Administration
- HDL
- HOMES
- HRV
- HbA1c
- Human
- IL-6
- ISCI
- IVF
- InCHIANTI
- LDL
- LH
- MDA
- MGH
- MaGiCAD
- Massachusetts General Hospital (United States)
- Metabolic disease
- NECAT
- NHANES
- NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
- NNNS
- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (United States)
- OHAT
- Office of Health Assessment and Translation
- PCOS
- PFOA
- PFOS
- PIVUS
- Reproduction
- SBP
- SCE
- SFF
- SHBG
- SRS
- Social Responsiveness Scale
- T
- T3
- T4
- TDI
- TSH
- The Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas, Salina, CA
- The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Cohort Study, consisting of over 500,000 people (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom)
- The Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study (United States)
- The Metabolomics and Genomics in Coronary Artery Disease Study (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom)
- The New England Children's Amalgam Trial (United States)
- The Study for Future Families, USA
- The Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors Study (Uppsala, Sweden)
- Thyroid
- UCSF
- USEPA
- United Sates Environmental Protection Agency
- University of California, San Francisco
- VCL
- anogenital distance
- antinuclear antibodies
- bisGMA
- bisphenol A
- bisphenol A diglycidyl ether
- bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate
- body mass index
- cardiovascular disease
- coronary artery disease
- coronary heart disease
- curvilinear velocity (μm/s)
- cytomegalovirus
- dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
- diastolic blood pressure
- embryo cell number
- embryo fragmentation score
- endometrial hyperplasia
- estrogen receptor
- follicle-stimulating hormone
- free androgen index (total T divided by SHBG)
- free testosterone
- hCG
- heart rate variability
- hemoglobin A1c
- high-density lipoprotein
- human chorionic gonadotropin
- in vitro fertilization
- interleukin-6
- intracytoplasmic sperm injection
- low-density lipoprotein
- luteinizing hormone
- malondialdehyde
- perfluorooctane sulfonate
- perfluorooctanoic acid
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- rtPCR
- sex hormone binding globulin
- sister chromatid exchange
- systolic blood pressure
- thyroid stimulating hormone
- thyroxine
- tolerable daily intake
- total testosterone
- triidothyronine
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna R Rochester
- The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX), P.O. Box 1407, Paonia, CO 81428, United States.
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Scientific Opinion on the hazard assessment of endocrine disruptors: Scientific criteria for identification of endocrine disruptors and appropriateness of existing test methods for assessing effects mediated by these substances on human health and the environment. EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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