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Grommisch D, Wang M, Eenjes E, Svetličič M, Deng Q, Giselsson P, Genander M. Defining the contribution of Troy-positive progenitor cells to the mouse esophageal epithelium. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1269-1283.e6. [PMID: 38565145 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Progenitor cells adapt their behavior in response to tissue demands. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling esophageal progenitor decisions remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate the presence of a Troy (Tnfrsf19)-expressing progenitor subpopulation localized to defined regions along the mouse esophageal axis. Lineage tracing and mathematical modeling demonstrate that Troy-positive progenitor cells are prone to undergoing symmetrical fate choices and contribute to esophageal tissue homeostasis long term. Functionally, TROY inhibits progenitor proliferation and enables commitment to differentiation without affecting fate symmetry. Whereas Troy expression is stable during esophageal homeostasis, progenitor cells downregulate Troy in response to tissue stress, enabling proliferative expansion of basal cells refractory to differentiation and reestablishment of tissue homeostasis. Our results demonstrate functional, spatially restricted progenitor heterogeneity in the esophageal epithelium and identify how dynamic regulation of Troy coordinates tissue generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Grommisch
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Menghan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Evelien Eenjes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Maja Svetličič
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Qiaolin Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Genander
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
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2
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Zuo X, Wang X, Ma T, Chen S, Cao P, Cheng H, Yang N, Han X, Gao W, Liu X, Sun Y. TNFRSF19 within the 13q12.12 Risk Locus Functions as a Lung Cancer Suppressor by Binding Wnt3a to Inhibit Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:227-239. [PMID: 38047807 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer risk loci provide special clues for uncovering pathogenesis of cancers. The TNFRSF19 gene located within the 13q12.12 lung cancer risk locus encodes TNF receptor superfamily member 19 (TNFRSF19) protein and has been proved to be a key target gene of a lung tissue-specific tumor suppressive enhancer, but its functional role in lung cancer pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. Here we showed that the TNFRSF19 gene could protect human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells from pulmonary carcinogen nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK)-induced malignant transformation. Knockout of the TNFRSF19 significantly increased NNK-induced colony formation rate on soft agar. Moreover, TNFRSF19 expression was significantly reduced in lung cancer tissues and cell lines. Restoration of TNFRSF19 expression in A549 lung cancer cell line dramatically suppressed the tumor formation in xenograft mouse model. Interestingly, the TNFRSF19 protein that is an orphan membrane receptor could compete with LRP6 to bind Wnt3a, thereby inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that is required for NNK-induced malignant transformation as indicated by protein pulldown, site mutation, and fluorescence energy resonance transfer experiments. Knockout of the TNFRSF19 enhanced LRP6-Wnt3a interaction, promoting β-catenin nucleus translocation and the downstream target gene expression, and thus sensitized the cells to NNK carcinogen. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the TNFRSF19 inhibited lung cancer carcinogenesis by competing with LRP6 to combine with Wnt3a to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. IMPLICATIONS These findings revealed a novel anti-lung cancer mechanism, highlighting the special significance of TNFRSF19 gene within the 13q12.12 risk locus in lung cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xuchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Tingzheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shuhan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - He Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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3
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Chambel SS, Cruz CD. Axonal growth inhibitors and their receptors in spinal cord injury: from biology to clinical translation. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2573-2581. [PMID: 37449592 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibitory environment for axonal regeneration. Among these inhibitory molecules, myelin-associated inhibitors, including neurite outgrowth inhibitor A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A are of particular importance. Due to their inhibitory nature, they represent exciting molecular targets to study axonal inhibition and regeneration after central injuries. These molecules are mainly produced by neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes within the scar and in its immediate vicinity. They exert their effects by binding to specific receptors, localized in the membranes of neurons. Receptors for these inhibitory cues include Nogo receptor 1, leucine-rich repeat, and Ig domain containing 1 and p75 neurotrophin receptor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19 (that form a receptor complex that binds all myelin-associated inhibitors), and also paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A bind to Nogo receptor 1, Nogo receptor 3, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ and leucocyte common antigen related phosphatase, and neogenin, respectively. Once activated, these receptors initiate downstream signaling pathways, the most common amongst them being the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. These signaling cascades result in actin depolymerization, neurite outgrowth inhibition, and failure to regenerate after spinal cord injury. Currently, there are no approved pharmacological treatments to overcome spinal cord injuries other than physical rehabilitation and management of the array of symptoms brought on by spinal cord injuries. However, several novel therapies aiming to modulate these inhibitory proteins and/or their receptors are under investigation in ongoing clinical trials. Investigation has also been demonstrating that combinatorial therapies of growth inhibitors with other therapies, such as growth factors or stem-cell therapies, produce stronger results and their potential application in the clinics opens new venues in spinal cord injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Sousa Chambel
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto; Translational NeuroUrology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S and IBMC, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Duarte Cruz
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto; Translational NeuroUrology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S and IBMC, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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4
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Danelon V, Garret-Thomson SC, Almo SC, Lee FS, Hempstead BL. Immune activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor: implications in neuroinflammation. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1305574. [PMID: 38106879 PMCID: PMC10722190 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1305574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite structural similarity with other tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) members, the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR, TNFR16) mediates pleiotropic biological functions not shared with other TNFRs. The high level of p75NTR expression in the nervous system instead of immune cells, its utilization of co-receptors, and its interaction with soluble dimeric, rather than soluble or cell-tethered trimeric ligands are all characteristics which distinguish it from most other TNFRs. Here, we compare these attributes to other members of the TNFR superfamily. In addition, we describe the recent evolutionary adaptation in B7-1 (CD80), an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily member, which allows engagement to neuronally-expressed p75NTR. B7-1-mediated binding to p75NTR occurs in humans and other primates, but not lower mammals due to specific sequence changes that evolved recently in primate B7-1. This discovery highlights an additional mechanism by which p75NTR can respond to inflammatory cues and trigger synaptic elimination in the brain through engagement of B7-1, which was considered to be immune-restricted. These observations suggest p75NTR does share commonality with other immune co-modulatory TNFR family members, by responding to immunoregulatory cues. The evolution of primate B7-1 to bind and elicit p75NTR-mediated effects on neuronal morphology and function are discussed in relationship to immune-driven modulation of synaptic actions during injury or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Danelon
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Steven C. Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Francis S. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Barbara L. Hempstead
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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5
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Sutherland DM, Strebl M, Koehler M, Welsh OL, Yu X, Hu L, dos Santos Natividade R, Knowlton JJ, Taylor GM, Moreno RA, Wörz P, Lonergan ZR, Aravamudhan P, Guzman-Cardozo C, Kour S, Pandey UB, Alsteens D, Wang Z, Prasad BVV, Stehle T, Dermody TS. NgR1 binding to reovirus reveals an unusual bivalent interaction and a new viral attachment protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219404120. [PMID: 37276413 PMCID: PMC10268256 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219404120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nogo-66 receptor 1 (NgR1) binds a variety of structurally dissimilar ligands in the adult central nervous system to inhibit axon extension. Disruption of ligand binding to NgR1 and subsequent signaling can improve neuron outgrowth, making NgR1 an important therapeutic target for diverse neurological conditions such as spinal crush injuries and Alzheimer's disease. Human NgR1 serves as a receptor for mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus), but the mechanism of virus-receptor engagement is unknown. To elucidate how NgR1 mediates cell binding and entry of reovirus, we defined the affinity of interaction between virus and receptor, determined the structure of the virus-receptor complex, and identified residues in the receptor required for virus binding and infection. These studies revealed that central NgR1 surfaces form a bridge between two copies of viral capsid protein σ3, establishing that σ3 serves as a receptor ligand for reovirus. This unusual binding interface produces high-avidity interactions between virus and receptor to prime early entry steps. These studies refine models of reovirus cell-attachment and highlight the evolution of viruses to engage multiple receptors using distinct capsid components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica M. Sutherland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15224
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15224
| | - Michael Strebl
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, D-72076Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Koehler
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivia L. Welsh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15224
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15224
| | - Xinzhe Yu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Liya Hu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Rita dos Santos Natividade
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jonathan J. Knowlton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15224
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Tomography Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Gwen M. Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15224
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15224
| | - Rodolfo A. Moreno
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Patrick Wörz
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, D-72076Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zachery R. Lonergan
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Tomography Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Pavithra Aravamudhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15224
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15224
| | - Camila Guzman-Cardozo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15224
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15224
| | - Sukhleen Kour
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15224
| | - Udai Bhan Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15224
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN37232
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - David Alsteens
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Children’s Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15224
| | - Zhao Wang
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 1300Wavre, Belgium
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - B. V. Venkataram Prasad
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, D-72076Tübingen, Germany
| | - Terence S. Dermody
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15224
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15224
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15219
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6
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Nogo-A and LINGO-1: Two Important Targets for Remyelination and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054479. [PMID: 36901909 PMCID: PMC10003089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes progressive neurological disability in most patients due to neurodegeneration. Activated immune cells infiltrate the CNS, triggering an inflammatory cascade that leads to demyelination and axonal injury. Non-inflammatory mechanisms are also involved in axonal degeneration, although they are not fully elucidated yet. Current therapies focus on immunosuppression; however, no therapies to promote regeneration, myelin repair, or maintenance are currently available. Two different negative regulators of myelination have been proposed as promising targets to induce remyelination and regeneration, namely the Nogo-A and LINGO-1 proteins. Although Nogo-A was first discovered as a potent neurite outgrowth inhibitor in the CNS, it has emerged as a multifunctional protein. It is involved in numerous developmental processes and is necessary for shaping and later maintaining CNS structure and functionality. However, the growth-restricting properties of Nogo-A have negative effects on CNS injury or disease. LINGO-1 is also an inhibitor of neurite outgrowth, axonal regeneration, oligodendrocyte differentiation, and myelin production. Inhibiting the actions of Nogo-A or LINGO-1 promotes remyelination both in vitro and in vivo, while Nogo-A or LINGO-1 antagonists have been suggested as promising therapeutic approaches for demyelinating diseases. In this review, we focus on these two negative regulators of myelination while also providing an overview of the available data on the effects of Nogo-A and LINGO-1 inhibition on oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination.
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7
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Stewart VD, Cadieux J, Thulasiram MR, Douglas TC, Drewnik DA, Selamat S, Lao Y, Spicer V, Hannila SS. Myelin‐associated glycoprotein alters the neuronal secretome and stimulates the release of
TGFβ
and proteins that affect neural plasticity. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2952-2973. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D. Stewart
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Justine Cadieux
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Matsya R. Thulasiram
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Tinsley Claire Douglas
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Dennis A. Drewnik
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Suhaila Selamat
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Ying Lao
- Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology University of Manitoba Room 799, John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue R3E 3P4 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Victor Spicer
- Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology University of Manitoba Room 799, John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue R3E 3P4 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Sari S. Hannila
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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8
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Development of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity after Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury Is Accompanied by Time-Dependent Changes in Lumbosacral Expression of Axonal Growth Regulators. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158667. [PMID: 35955811 PMCID: PMC9368817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in urinary dysfunction, which majorly affects the quality of life of SCI patients. Abnormal sprouting of lumbosacral bladder afferents plays a crucial role in this condition. Underlying mechanisms may include changes in expression of regulators of axonal growth, including chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs), myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) and repulsive guidance molecules, known to be upregulated at the injury site post SCI. Here, we confirmed lumbosacral upregulation of the growth-associated protein GAP43 in SCI animals with bladder dysfunction, indicating the occurrence of axonal sprouting. Neurocan and Phosphacan (CSPGs), as well as Nogo-A (MAI), at the same spinal segments were upregulated 7 days post injury (dpi) but returned to baseline values 28 dpi. In turn, qPCR analysis of the mRNA levels for receptors of those repulsive molecules in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons showed a time-dependent decrease in receptor expression. In vitro assays with DRG neurons from SCI rats demonstrated that exposure to high levels of NGF downregulated the expression of some, but not all, receptors for those regulators of axonal growth. The present results, therefore, show significant molecular changes at the lumbosacral cord and DRGs after thoracic lesion, likely critically involved in neuroplastic events leading to urinary impairment.
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9
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Vaccaro G, Dumoulin A, Zuñiga NR, Bandtlow CE, Stoeckli ET. The Nogo-66 Receptors NgR1 and NgR3 Are Required for Commissural Axon Pathfinding. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4087-4100. [PMID: 35437280 PMCID: PMC9121835 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1390-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nogo-66 receptors (NgR1-3) are glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-linked proteins that belong to the leucine-rich repeat superfamily. Through binding to myelin-associated inhibitors, NgRs contribute to the inhibition of axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury. Their role in limiting synaptic plasticity and axonal outgrowth in the adult CNS has been described previously, but not much is known about their role during the development of the nervous system. Here, we show that NgR1 and NgR3 mRNAs are expressed during spinal cord development of the chicken embryo. In particular, they are expressed in the dI1 subpopulation of commissural neurons during the time when their axons navigate toward and across the floorplate, the ventral midline of the spinal cord. To assess a potential role of NgR1 and NgR3 in axon guidance, we downregulated them using in ovo RNAi and analyzed the trajectory of commissural axons by tracing them in open-book preparations of spinal cords. Our results show that loss of either NgR1 or NgR3 causes axons to stall in the midline area and to interfere with the rostral turn of postcrossing axons. In addition, we also show that NgR1, but not NgR3, requires neuronal PlexinA2 for the regulation of commissural axon guidance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Over the last decades, many studies have focused on the role of NgRs, particularly NgR1, in axonal regeneration in the injured adult CNS. Here, we show a physiological role of NgRs in guiding commissural axons during early development of the chicken spinal cord in vivo Both NgR1 and NgR3 are required for midline crossing and subsequent turning of postcrossing axons into the longitudinal axis of the spinal cord. NgR1, but not NgR3, forms a receptor complex with PlexinA2 during axon guidance. Overall, these findings provide a link between neural regenerative mechanisms and developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vaccaro
- Institute of Neurobiochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Dumoulin
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Nikole R Zuñiga
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Christine E Bandtlow
- Institute of Neurobiochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Esther T Stoeckli
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
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10
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Wang J, Miao Y, Wicklein R, Sun Z, Wang J, Jude KM, Fernandes RA, Merrill SA, Wernig M, Garcia KC, Südhof TC. RTN4/NoGo-receptor binding to BAI adhesion-GPCRs regulates neuronal development. Cell 2021; 184:5869-5885.e25. [PMID: 34758294 PMCID: PMC8620742 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
RTN4-binding proteins were widely studied as "NoGo" receptors, but their physiological interactors and roles remain elusive. Similarly, BAI adhesion-GPCRs were associated with numerous activities, but their ligands and functions remain unclear. Using unbiased approaches, we observed an unexpected convergence: RTN4 receptors are high-affinity ligands for BAI adhesion-GPCRs. A single thrombospondin type 1-repeat (TSR) domain of BAIs binds to the leucine-rich repeat domain of all three RTN4-receptor isoforms with nanomolar affinity. In the 1.65 Å crystal structure of the BAI1/RTN4-receptor complex, C-mannosylation of tryptophan and O-fucosylation of threonine in the BAI TSR-domains creates a RTN4-receptor/BAI interface shaped by unusual glycoconjugates that enables high-affinity interactions. In human neurons, RTN4 receptors regulate dendritic arborization, axonal elongation, and synapse formation by differential binding to glial versus neuronal BAIs, thereby controlling neural network activity. Thus, BAI binding to RTN4/NoGo receptors represents a receptor-ligand axis that, enabled by rare post-translational modifications, controls development of synaptic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yi Miao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca Wicklein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zijun Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jinzhao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin M Jude
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ricardo A Fernandes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sean A Merrill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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11
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Rangsinth P, Duangjan C, Sillapachaiyaporn C, Isidoro C, Prasansuklab A, Tencomnao T. Caesalpinia mimosoides Leaf Extract Promotes Neurite Outgrowth and Inhibits BACE1 Activity in Mutant APP-Overexpressing Neuronal Neuro2a Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090901. [PMID: 34577601 PMCID: PMC8469274 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is implicated in the imbalance of several proteins, including Amyloid-β (Aβ), amyloid precursor protein (APP), and BACE1. APP overexpression interferes with neurite outgrowth, while BACE1 plays a role in Aβ generation. Medicinal herbs with effects on neurite outgrowth stimulation and BACE1 inhibition may benefit AD. This study aimed to investigate the neurite outgrowth stimulatory effect, along with BACE1 inhibition of Caesalpinia mimosoides (CM), using wild-type (Neuro2a) and APP (Swedish mutant)-overexpressing (Neuro2a/APPSwe) neurons. The methanol extract of CM leaves stimulated neurite outgrowth in wild-type and APP-overexpressing cells. After exposure to the extract, the mRNA expression of the neurite outgrowth activation genes growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and teneurin-4 (Ten-4) was increased in both Neuro2a and Neuro2a/APPSwe cells, while the mRNA expression of neurite outgrowth negative regulators Nogo receptor (NgR) and Lingo-1 was reduced. Additionally, the extract suppressed BACE1 activity in the APP-overexpressing neurons. Virtual screening demonstrated that quercetin-3′-glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, clausarinol, and theogallin were possible inhibitors of BACE1. ADMET was analyzed to predict drug-likeness properties of CM-constituents. These results suggest that CM extract promotes neurite outgrowth and inhibits BACE1 activity in APP-overexpressing neurons. Thus, CM may serve as a source of drugs for AD treatment. Additional studies for full identification of bioactive constituents and to confirm the neuritogenesis in vivo are needed for translation into clinic of the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panthakarn Rangsinth
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.R.); (C.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Chatrawee Duangjan
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.R.); (C.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Chanin Sillapachaiyaporn
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.R.); (C.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Anchalee Prasansuklab
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (T.T.); Tel.: +66-2218-8048 (A.P.); +66-2218-1533 (T.T.)
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (T.T.); Tel.: +66-2218-8048 (A.P.); +66-2218-1533 (T.T.)
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12
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Binamé F, Pham-Van LD, Bagnard D. Manipulating oligodendrocyte intrinsic regeneration mechanism to promote remyelination. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5257-5273. [PMID: 34019104 PMCID: PMC11073109 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In demyelinated lesions, astrocytes, activated microglia and infiltrating macrophages secrete several factors regulating oligodendrocyte precursor cells' behaviour. What appears to be the initiation of an intrinsic mechanism of myelin repair is only leading to partial recovery and inefficient remyelination, a process worsening over the course of the disease. This failure is largely due to the concomitant accumulation of inhibitory cues in and around the lesion sites opposing to growth promoting factors. Here starts a complex game of interactions between the signalling pathways controlling oligodendrocytes migration or differentiation. Receptors of positive or negative cues are modulating Ras, PI3K or RhoGTPases pathways acting on oligodendrocyte cytoskeleton remodelling. From the description of this intricate signalling network, this review addresses the extent to which the modulation of the global response to inhibitory cues may pave the route towards novel therapeutic approaches for myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Binamé
- INSERM U1119, Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy (BMNST Lab), Labex Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Pôle API, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | - Lucas D Pham-Van
- INSERM U1119, Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy (BMNST Lab), Labex Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Pôle API, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | - Dominique Bagnard
- INSERM U1119, Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy (BMNST Lab), Labex Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Pôle API, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412, Illkirch, France.
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13
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Roy A, Pathak Z, Kumar H. Strategies to neutralize RhoA/ROCK pathway after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2021; 343:113794. [PMID: 34166685 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration is bungled following CNS injuries, including spinal cord injury (SCI). Inherent decay of permissive conditions restricts the regrowth of the mature CNS after an injury. Hypertrophic scarring, insignificant intrinsic axon-growth activity, and axon-growth inhibitory molecules such as myelin inhibitors and scar inhibitors constitute a significant hindrance to spinal cord repair. Besides these molecules, a combined absence of various mechanisms responsible for axonal regeneration is the main reason behind the dereliction of the adult CNS to regenerate. The neutralization of specific inhibitors/proteins by stymieing antibodies or encouraging enzymatic degradation results in improved axon regeneration. Previous efforts to induce regeneration after SCI have stimulated axonal development in or near lesion sites, but not beyond them. Several pathways are responsible for the axonal growth obstruction after a CNS injury, including SCI. Herein, we summarize the axonal, glial, and intrinsic factor which impedes the regeneration. We have also discussed the methods to stabilize microtubules and through this to maintain the proper cytoskeletal dynamics of growth cone as disorganized microtubules lead to the failure of axonal regeneration. Moreover, we primarily focus on diverse inhibitors of axonal growth and molecular approaches to counteract them and their downstream intracellular signaling through the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Zarna Pathak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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14
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Jiang J, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Ji Y, Guo H, Wang X, Yu S. Effects of Nogo-A and its receptor on the repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10842. [PMID: 34076142 PMCID: PMC8186374 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e10842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of injured peripheral nerves is an extremely complex process. Nogo-A (neurite outgrowth inhibitor-A) inhibits axonal regeneration by interacting with Nogo receptor in the myelin sheath of the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Nogo-A and its receptor on the repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (n=96) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (control), sciatic nerve transection group (model), immediate repair group (immediate repair), and delayed repair group (delayed repair). The rats were euthanized 1 week and 6 weeks after operation. The injured end tissues of the spinal cord and sciatic nerve were obtained. The protein expressions of Nogo-A and Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expressions of Nogo-A, NgR, and Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) were detected by western blot. At 1 week after operation, the pathological changes in the immediate repaired group were less, and the protein expressions of Nogo-A, NgR, and RhoA in the spinal cord and sciatic nerve tissues were decreased (P<0.05) compared with the model group. After 6 weeks, the pathological changes in the immediate repair group and the delayed repair group were alleviated and the protein expressions decreased (P<0.05). The situation of the immediate repair group was better than that of the delayed repair group. Our data suggest that the expression of Nogo-A and its receptor increased after sciatic nerve injury, indicating that Nogo-A and its receptor play an inhibitory role in the repair process of sciatic nerve injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yuanchen Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Zhiwu Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Hand Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Yantai City Municipal Government Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Shengjun Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
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15
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Melrose J, Hayes AJ, Bix G. The CNS/PNS Extracellular Matrix Provides Instructive Guidance Cues to Neural Cells and Neuroregulatory Proteins in Neural Development and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115583. [PMID: 34070424 PMCID: PMC8197505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The extracellular matrix of the PNS/CNS is unusual in that it is dominated by glycosaminoglycans, especially hyaluronan, whose space filling and hydrating properties make essential contributions to the functional properties of this tissue. Hyaluronan has a relatively simple structure but its space-filling properties ensure micro-compartments are maintained in the brain ultrastructure, ensuring ionic niches and gradients are maintained for optimal cellular function. Hyaluronan has cell-instructive, anti-inflammatory properties and forms macro-molecular aggregates with the lectican CS-proteoglycans, forming dense protective perineuronal net structures that provide neural and synaptic plasticity and support cognitive learning. Aims. To highlight the central nervous system/peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) and its diverse extracellular and cell-associated proteoglycans that have cell-instructive properties regulating neural repair processes and functional recovery through interactions with cell adhesive molecules, receptors and neuroregulatory proteins. Despite a general lack of stabilising fibrillar collagenous and elastic structures in the CNS/PNS, a sophisticated dynamic extracellular matrix is nevertheless important in tissue form and function. Conclusions. This review provides examples of the sophistication of the CNS/PNS extracellular matrix, showing how it maintains homeostasis and regulates neural repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK;
| | - Gregory Bix
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
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16
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Guillemain A, Laouarem Y, Cobret L, Štefok D, Chen W, Bloch S, Zahaf A, Blot L, Reverchon F, Normand T, Decoville M, Grillon C, Traiffort E, Morisset-Lopez S. LINGO family receptors are differentially expressed in the mouse brain and form native multimeric complexes. FASEB J 2020; 34:13641-13653. [PMID: 32862444 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000826r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobin-domain containing (LRRIG) proteins that are commonly involved in protein-protein interactions play important roles in nervous system development and maintenance. LINGO-1, one of this family members, is characterized as a negative regulator of neuronal survival, axonal regeneration, and oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation into mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. Three LINGO-1 homologs named LINGO-2, LINGO-3, and LINGO-4 have been described. However, their relative expression and functions remain unexplored. Here, we show by in situ hybridization and quantitative polymerase chain reaction that the transcripts of LINGO homologs are differentially expressed in the central nervous system. The immunostaining of brain slices confirmed this observation and showed the co-expression of LINGO-1 with its homologs. Using BRET (bioluminescence resonance energy transfer) analysis, we demonstrate that LINGO proteins can physically interact with each of the other ones with comparable affinities and thus form the oligomeric states. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that LINGO proteins form heterocomplexes in both heterologous systems and cortical neurons. Since LINGO-1 is a promising target for the treatment of demyelinating diseases, its ability to form heteromeric complexes reveals a new level of complexity in its functioning and opens the way for new strategies to achieve diverse and nuanced LINGO-1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Guillemain
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans et INSERM, Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Yousra Laouarem
- Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System U1195, INSERM-Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laetitia Cobret
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans et INSERM, Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Dora Štefok
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans et INSERM, Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Wanyin Chen
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans et INSERM, Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Solal Bloch
- Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System U1195, INSERM-Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Amina Zahaf
- Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System U1195, INSERM-Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Lauren Blot
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans et INSERM, Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Flora Reverchon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans et INSERM, Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Thierry Normand
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans et INSERM, Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Martine Decoville
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans et INSERM, Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Catherine Grillon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans et INSERM, Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Elisabeth Traiffort
- Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System U1195, INSERM-Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Séverine Morisset-Lopez
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans et INSERM, Orléans Cedex 02, France
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17
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Sartori AM, Hofer AS, Schwab ME. Recovery after spinal cord injury is enhanced by anti-Nogo-A antibody therapy — from animal models to clinical trials. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Nogo-A-targeting antibody promotes visual recovery and inhibits neuroinflammation after retinal injury. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:101. [PMID: 32029703 PMCID: PMC7005317 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced neuronal cell death is involved in a large spectrum of diseases affecting the brain and the retina such as Alzheimer’s disease and diabetic retinopathy. Associated neurological impairments may result from the inhibition of neuronal plasticity by Nogo-A. The objective of the current study was to determine the contribution of Nogo-A to NMDA excitotoxicity in the mouse retina. We observed that Nogo-A is upregulated in the mouse vitreous during NMDA-induced inflammation. Intraocular injection of a function-blocking antibody specific to Nogo-A (11C7) was carried out 2 days after NMDA-induced injury. This treatment significantly enhanced visual function recovery in injured animals. Strikingly, the expression of potent pro-inflammatory molecules was downregulated by 11C7, among which TNFα was the most durably decreased cytokine in microglia/macrophages. Additional analyses suggest that TNFα downregulation may stem from cofilin inactivation in microglia/macrophages. 11C7 also limited gliosis presumably via P.Stat3 downregulation. Diabetic retinopathy was associated with increased levels of Nogo-A in the eyes of donors. In summary, our results reveal that Nogo-A-targeting antibody can stimulate visual recovery after retinal injury and that Nogo-A is a potent modulator of excitotoxicity-induced neuroinflammation. These data may be used to design treatments against inflammatory eye diseases.
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19
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Nikulina E, Gkioka V, Siddiq MM, Mellado W, Hilaire M, Cain CR, Hannila SS, Filbin MT. Myelin-associated glycoprotein inhibits neurite outgrowth through inactivation of the small GTPase Rap1. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1389-1402. [PMID: 31985825 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Rap1 is a small GTPase that has been implicated in dendritic development and plasticity. In this study, we investigated the role of Rap1 in axonal growth and its activation in response to neurotrophins and myelin-associated inhibitors. We report that Rap1 is activated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor and that this activation can be blocked by myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) or central nervous system myelin, which also induced increases in Rap1GAP1 levels. In addition, we demonstrate that adenoviral overexpression of Rap1 enhances neurite outgrowth in the presence of MAG and myelin, while inhibition of Rap1 activity through overexpression of Rap1GAP1 blocks neurite outgrowth. These findings suggest that Rap1GAP1 negatively regulates neurite outgrowth, making it a potential therapeutic target to promote axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nikulina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Vasiliki Gkioka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Mustafa M Siddiq
- Icahn Medical Institute 12-52, Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Melissa Hilaire
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine R Cain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Sari S Hannila
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marie T Filbin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA
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20
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You Y, Borgmann K, Edara VV, Stacy S, Ghorpade A, Ikezu T. Activated human astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles modulate neuronal uptake, differentiation and firing. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 9:1706801. [PMID: 32002171 PMCID: PMC6968484 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1706801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) provide supportive neural functions and mediate inflammatory responses from microglia. Increasing evidence supports their critical roles in regulating brain homoeostasis in response to pro-inflammatory factors such as cytokines and pathogen/damage-associated molecular pattern molecules in infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of the trans-cellular communication are still unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can transfer a large diversity of molecules such as lipids, nucleic acids and proteins for cellular communications. The purpose of this study is to characterize the EVs cargo proteins derived from human primary astrocytes (ADEVs) under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. ADEVs were isolated from human primary astrocytes after vehicle (CTL) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) pre-treatment. Label-free quantitative proteomic profiling revealed a notable up-regulation of proteins including actin-associated molecules, integrins and major histocompatibility complex in IL-1β-ADEVs compared to CTL-ADEVs, which were involved in cellular metabolism and organization, cellular communication and inflammatory response. When fluorescently labelled ADEVs were added into primary cultured mouse cortical neurons, we found a significantly increased neuronal uptake of IL-1β-ADEVs compared to CTL-ADEVs. We further confirmed it is likely due to the enrichment of surface proteins in IL-1β-ADEVs, as IL-1β-ADEVs uptake by neurons was partially suppressed by a specific integrin inhibitor. Additionally, treatment of neurons with IL-1β-ADEVs also reduced neurite outgrowth, branching and neuronal firing. These findings provide insight for the molecular mechanism of the ADEVs' effects on neural uptake, neural differentiation and maturation, and its alteration in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang You
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen Borgmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Venkata Viswanadh Edara
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Satomi Stacy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Anuja Ghorpade
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Shao L, Zuo X, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Yang N, Shen B, Wang J, Wang X, Li R, Jin G, Yu D, Chen Y, Sun L, Li Z, Fu Q, Hu Z, Han X, Song X, Shen H, Sun Y. The inherited variations of a p53-responsive enhancer in 13q12.12 confer lung cancer risk by attenuating TNFRSF19 expression. Genome Biol 2019; 20:103. [PMID: 31126313 PMCID: PMC6533720 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inherited factors contribute to lung cancer risk, but the mechanism is not well understood. Defining the biological consequence of GWAS hits in cancers is a promising strategy to elucidate the inherited mechanisms of cancers. The tag-SNP rs753955 (A>G) in 13q12.12 is highly associated with lung cancer risk in the Chinese population. Here, we systematically investigate the biological significance and the underlying mechanism behind 13q12.12 risk locus in vitro and in vivo. Results We characterize a novel p53-responsive enhancer with lung tissue cell specificity in a 49-kb high linkage disequilibrium block of rs753955. This enhancer harbors 3 highly linked common inherited variations (rs17336602, rs4770489, and rs34354770) and six p53 binding sequences either close to or located between the variations. The enhancer effectively protects normal lung cell lines against pulmonary carcinogen NNK-induced DNA damages and malignant transformation by upregulating TNFRSF19 through chromatin looping. These variations significantly weaken the enhancer activity by affecting its p53 response, especially when cells are exposed to NNK. The effect of the mutant enhancer alleles on TNFRSF19 target gene in vivo is supported by expression quantitative trait loci analysis of 117 Chinese NSCLC samples and GTEx data. Differentiated expression of TNFRSF19 and its statistical significant correlation with tumor TNM staging and patient survival indicate a suppressor role of TNFRSF19 in lung cancer. Conclusion This study provides evidence of how the inherited variations in 13q12.12 contribute to lung cancer risk, highlighting the protective roles of the p53-responsive enhancer-mediated TNFRSF19 activation in lung cells under carcinogen stress. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13059-019-1696-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipei Shao
- Key laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China
| | - Xianglin Zuo
- Key laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Key laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Key laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China
| | - Jianying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China
| | - Xuchun Wang
- Key laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China
| | - Ruilei Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention & Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- Key laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Key laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China
| | - Luan Sun
- Key laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiaofen Fu
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention & Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China.
| | - Hongbin Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention & Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China.
| | - Yujie Sun
- Key laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention & Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China. .,Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, China.
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22
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Plexina2 and CRMP2 Signaling Complex Is Activated by Nogo-A-Liganded Ngr1 to Restrict Corticospinal Axon Sprouting after Trauma. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3204-3216. [PMID: 30804090 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2996-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
After brain or spinal cord trauma, interaction of Nogo-A with neuronal NgR1 limits regenerative axonal sprouting and functional recovery. Cellular signaling by lipid-anchored NgR1 requires a coreceptor but the relevant partner in vivo is not clear. Here, we examined proteins enriched in NgR1 immunoprecipitates by Nogo-A exposure, identifying CRMP2, a cytosolic protein implicated in axon growth inhibition by Semaphorin/Plexin complexes. The Nogo-A-induced association of NgR1 with CRMP2 requires PlexinA2 as a coreceptor. Non-neuronal cells expressing both NgR1 and PlexinA2, but not either protein alone, contract upon Nogo-A exposure. Inhibition of cortical axon regeneration by Nogo-A depends on a NgR1/PlexinA2 genetic interaction because double-heterozygous NgR1+/-, PlexinA2+/- neurons, but not single-heterozygote neurons, are rescued from Nogo-A inhibition. NgR1 and PlexinA2 also interact genetically in vivo to restrict corticospinal sprouting in mouse cervical spinal cord after unilateral pyramidotomy. Greater post-injury sprouting in NgR1+/-, PlexinA2+/- mice supports enhanced neurological recovery of a mixed female and male double-heterozygous cohort. Thus, a NgR1/PlexinA2/CRMP2 ternary complex limits neural repair after adult mammalian CNS trauma.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Several decades of molecular research have suggested that developmental regulation of axon growth is distinct in most regards from titration of axonal regenerative growth after adult CNS trauma. Among adult CNS pathways, the oligodendrocyte Nogo-A inhibition of growth through NgR1 is thought to have little molecular relationship to axonal guidance mechanisms active embryonically. Here, biochemical analysis of NgR1 function uncovered a physical complex with CRMP cytoplasmic mediators, and this led to appreciation of a role for PlexinA2 in concert with NgR1 after adult trauma. The data extend molecular understanding of neural repair after CNS trauma and link it to developmental processes.
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23
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Alakbarzade V, Iype T, Chioza BA, Singh R, Harlalka GV, Hardy H, Sreekantan-Nair A, Proukakis C, Peall K, Clark LN, Caswell R, Lango Allen H, Wakeling M, Chilton JK, Baple EL, Louis ED, Warner TT, Crosby AH. Copy number variation of LINGO1 in familial dystonic tremor. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2019; 5:e307. [PMID: 30842974 PMCID: PMC6384021 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective To elucidate the genetic cause of a large 5 generation South Indian family with multiple individuals with predominantly an upper limb postural tremor and posturing in keeping with another form of tremor, namely, dystonic tremor. Methods Whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis was undertaken to look for copy number variants in the affected individuals. Results Whole-genome SNP microarray studies identified a tandem duplicated genomic segment of chromosome 15q24 present in all affected family members. Whole-genome sequencing demonstrated that it comprised a ∼550-kb tandem duplication encompassing the entire LINGO1 gene. Conclusions The identification of a genomic duplication as the likely molecular cause of this condition, resulting in an additional LINGO1 gene copy in affected cases, adds further support for a causal role of this gene in tremor disorders and implicates increased expression levels of LINGO1 as a potential pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Alakbarzade
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Thomas Iype
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Barry A Chioza
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Royana Singh
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Gaurav V Harlalka
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Holly Hardy
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Ajith Sreekantan-Nair
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Christos Proukakis
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Kathryn Peall
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Lorraine N Clark
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Richard Caswell
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Hana Lango Allen
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Matthew Wakeling
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - John K Chilton
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Emma L Baple
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Elan D Louis
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Thomas T Warner
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- Medical Research (Level 4) (V.A., B.A.C., G.V.H., H.H., A.S.-N., J.K.C., E.L.B., A.H.C.), University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies (V.A., T.T.W.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (T.I.), Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Anatomy and Microbiology (R.S.), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Clinical Neuroscience (C.P.), Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (K.P.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (L.N.C.), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science (R.C., H.L.A., M.W.), University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom; and Departments of Neurology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research (E.D.L.), Yale School of Medicine and Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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24
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Abstract
Polymeric matrices inherently protect viral vectors from pre-existing immune conditions, limit dissemination to off-target sites, and can sustain vector release. Advancing methodologies in development of particulate based vehicles have led to improved encapsulation of viral vectors. Polymeric delivery systems have contributed to increasing cellular transduction, responsive release mechanisms, cellular infiltration, and cellular signaling. Synthetic polymers are easily customizable, and are capable of balancing matrix retention with cellular infiltration. Natural polymers contain inherent biorecognizable motifs adding therapeutic efficacy to the incorporated viral vector. Recombinant polymers use highly conserved motifs to carefully engineer matrices, allowing for precise design including elements of vector retention and responsive release mechanisms. Composite polymer systems provide opportunities to create matrices with unique properties. Carefully designed matrices can control spatiotemporal release patterns that synergize with approaches in regenerative medicine and antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Steinhauff
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine , Nano Institute of Utah , 36 South Wasatch Drive , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine , Nano Institute of Utah , 36 South Wasatch Drive , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
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25
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Filipp ME, Travis BJ, Henry SS, Idzikowski EC, Magnuson SA, Loh MY, Hellenbrand DJ, Hanna AS. Differences in neuroplasticity after spinal cord injury in varying animal models and humans. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:7-19. [PMID: 30531063 PMCID: PMC6263009 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.243694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats have been the primary model to study the process and underlying mechanisms of recovery after spinal cord injury. Two weeks after a severe spinal cord contusion, rats can regain weight-bearing abilities without therapeutic interventions, as assessed by the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor scale. However, many human patients suffer from permanent loss of motor function following spinal cord injury. While rats are the most understood animal model, major differences in sensorimotor pathways between quadrupeds and bipeds need to be considered. Understanding the major differences between the sensorimotor pathways of rats, non-human primates, and humans is a start to improving targets for treatments of human spinal cord injury. This review will discuss the neuroplasticity of the brain and spinal cord after spinal cord injury in rats, non-human primates, and humans. A brief overview of emerging interventions to induce plasticity in humans with spinal cord injury will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory E Filipp
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin J Travis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stefanie S Henry
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emma C Idzikowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sarah A Magnuson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Megan Yf Loh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Amgad S Hanna
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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26
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TROY interacts with RKIP to promote glioma development. Oncogene 2018; 38:1544-1559. [PMID: 30337686 PMCID: PMC6372479 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TROY is a component of the Nogo receptor complex and plays the key role in neuronal survival, migration, and differentiation. Here, we show the up-regulation of TROY in human glioma tissues and cells. Inhibition of TROY expression slowed glioma development in vivo and in vitro. Raf kinase inhibitor (RKIP) was found to interact with TROY. The physical interaction of TROY/RKIP was confirmed via co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays. Furthermore, we found that the TROY/RKIP interaction was enhanced by fetal bovine serum (FBS) exposure, and TROY knockdown also led to down-regulation of NF-κB. Finally, disruption of the TROY/RKIP interaction using the TAT-TROY (234–371 aa) protein reduced the glioma development in xenografted mice. This suggests the TROY/RKIP interaction is a potential target for therapy of gliomas.
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27
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Wallach D. The Tumor Necrosis Factor Family: Family Conventions and Private Idiosyncrasies. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a028431. [PMID: 28847899 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family and the TNF/nerve growth factor (NGF) family of their cognate receptors together control numerous immune functions, as well as tissue-homeostatic and embryonic-development processes. These diverse functions are dictated by both shared and distinct features of family members, and by interactions of some members with nonfamily ligands and coreceptors. The spectra of their activities are further expanded by the occurrence of the ligands and receptors in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, by "re-anchoring" of soluble forms to extracellular matrix components, and by signaling initiation via intracellular domains (IDs) of both receptors and ligands. Much has been learned about shared features of the receptors as well as of the ligands; however, we still have only limited knowledge of the mechanistic basis for their functional heterogeneity and for the differences between their functions and those of similarly acting cytokines of other families.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wallach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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28
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Perinatal administration of phencyclidine alters expression of Lingo-1 signaling pathway proteins in the prefrontal cortex of juvenile and adult rats. Neuronal Signal 2018; 2:NS20180059. [PMID: 32714588 PMCID: PMC7373234 DOI: 10.1042/ns20180059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal administration of phencyclidine (PCP) in rodents causes major brain dysfunction leading to severe disturbances in behavior lasting into adulthood. This model is routinely employed to model psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, as it reflects schizophrenia-related brain disturbances including increased apoptosis, and disruptions to myelin and plasticity processes. Leucine-rich repeat and Immunoglobin-like domain-containing protein 1 (Lingo-1) is a potent negative regulator of both axonal myelination and neurite extension. The Nogo receptor (NgR)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor orphan Y (TROY) and/or p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75) complex, with no lysine (K) (WNK1) and myelin transcription factor 1 (Myt1) are co-receptors or cofactors in Lingo-1 signaling pathways in the brain. We have examined the developmental trajectory of these proteins in a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia using PCP to determine if Lingo-1 pathways are altered in the prefrontal cortex throughout different stages of life. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with PCP (10 mg/kg) or saline on postnatal days (PN)7, 9, and 11 and killed at PN12, 5 or 14 weeks for measurement of Lingo-1 signaling proteins in the prefrontal cortex. Myt1 was decreased by PCP at PN12 (P=0.045), and at 14 weeks PCP increased Lingo-1 (P=0.037), TROY (P=0.017), and WNK1 (P=0.003) expression. This is the first study reporting an alteration in Lingo-1 signaling proteins in the rat prefrontal cortex both directly after PCP treatment in early development and in adulthood. We propose that Lingo-1 pathways may be negatively regulating myelination and neurite outgrowth following the administration of PCP, and that this may have implications for the cortical dysfunction observed in schizophrenia.
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29
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The Nogo Receptor Ligand LGI1 Regulates Synapse Number and Synaptic Activity in Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0185-18. [PMID: 30225353 PMCID: PMC6140115 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0185-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) is a secreted neuronal protein and a Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1) ligand. Mutations in LGI1 in humans causes autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy and homozygous deletion of LGI1 in mice results in severe epileptic seizures that cause early postnatal death. NgR1 plays an important role in the development of CNS synapses and circuitry by limiting plasticity in the adult cortex via the activation of RhoA. These relationships and functions prompted us to examine the effect of LGI1 on synapse formation in vitro and in vivo. We report that application of LGI1 increases synaptic density in neuronal culture and that LGI1 null hippocampus has fewer dendritic mushroom spines than in wild-type (WT) littermates. Further, our electrophysiological investigations demonstrate that LGI1 null hippocampal neurons possess fewer and weaker synapses. RhoA activity is significantly increased in cortical cultures derived from LGI1 null mice and using a reconstituted system; we show directly that LGI1 antagonizes NgR1-tumor necrosis factor receptor orphan Y (TROY) signaling. Our data suggests that LGI1 enhances synapse formation in cortical and hippocampal neurons by reducing NgR1 signaling.
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30
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Nieuwenhuis B, Haenzi B, Andrews MR, Verhaagen J, Fawcett JW. Integrins promote axonal regeneration after injury of the nervous system. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1339-1362. [PMID: 29446228 PMCID: PMC6055631 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell surface receptors that form the link between extracellular matrix molecules of the cell environment and internal cell signalling and the cytoskeleton. They are involved in several processes, e.g. adhesion and migration during development and repair. This review focuses on the role of integrins in axonal regeneration. Integrins participate in spontaneous axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system through binding to various ligands that either inhibit or enhance their activation and signalling. Integrin biology is more complex in the central nervous system. Integrins receptors are transported into growing axons during development, but selective polarised transport of integrins limits the regenerative response in adult neurons. Manipulation of integrins and related molecules to control their activation state and localisation within axons is a promising route towards stimulating effective regeneration in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Nieuwenhuis
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor SystemsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)1105 BAAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara Haenzi
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
| | | | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor SystemsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)1105 BAAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam1081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - James W. Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
- Centre of Reconstructive NeuroscienceInstitute of Experimental Medicine142 20Prague 4Czech Republic
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31
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Song S, Cong W, Zhou S, Shi Y, Dai W, Zhang H, Wang X, He B, Zhang Q. Small GTPases: Structure, biological function and its interaction with nanoparticles. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 14:30-39. [PMID: 32104436 PMCID: PMC7032109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTPase is a kind of GTP-binding protein commonly found in eukaryotic cells. It plays an important role in cytoskeletal reorganization, cell polarity, cell cycle progression, gene expression and many other significant events in cells, such as the interaction with foreign particles. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance to understand the biological properties of small GTPases as well as the GTPase-nano interplay, since more and more nanomedicine are supposed to be used in biomedical field. However, there is no review in this aspect. This review summarizes the small GTPases in terms of the structure, biological function and its interaction with nanoparticles. We briefly introduced the various nanoparticles such as gold/silver nanoparticles, SWCNT, polymeric micelles and other nano delivery systems that interacted with different GTPases. These current nanoparticles exhibited different pharmacological effect modes and various target design concepts in the small GTPases study. This will help to elucidate the conclusion that the therapeutic strategy targeting small GTPases might be a new research direction. It is believed that the in-depth study on the functional mechanism of GTPases can provide insights for the design and study of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Song
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenshu Cong
- Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yujie Shi
- Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenbing Dai
- Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing He
- Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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32
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Almutiri S, Berry M, Logan A, Ahmed Z. Non-viral-mediated suppression of AMIGO3 promotes disinhibited NT3-mediated regeneration of spinal cord dorsal column axons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10707. [PMID: 30013050 PMCID: PMC6048058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
After injury to the mature central nervous system (CNS), myelin-derived inhibitory ligands bind to the Nogo-66 tripartite receptor complex expressed on axonal growth cones, comprised of LINGO-1 and p75NTR/TROY and induce growth cone collapse through the RhoA pathway. We have also shown that amphoterin-induced gene and open reading frame-3 (AMIGO3) substitutes for LINGO-1 and can signal axon growth cone collapse. Here, we investigated the regeneration of dorsal root ganglion neuron (DRGN) axons/neurites after treatment with a short hairpin RNA (sh) AMIGO3 plasmid delivered with a non-viral in vivo-jetPEI vector, and the pro-survival/axogenic neurotrophin (NT) 3 in vitro and in vivo. A bicistronic plasmid, containing both shAMIGO3 and NT3 knocked down >75% of AMIGO3 mRNA in cultured DRGN and significantly overexpressed NT3 production. In vivo, intra-DRG injection of in vivo-jetPEI plasmids containing shAMIGO3/gfp and shAMIGO3/nt3 both knocked down AMIGO3 expression in DRGN and, in combination with NT3 overexpression, promoted DC axon regeneration, recovery of conduction of compound action potentials across the lesion site and improvements in sensory and locomotor function. These findings demonstrate that in vivo-jetPEI is a potential non-viral, translatable DRGN delivery vehicle in vivo and that suppression of AMIGO3 disinhibits the growth of axotomised DRGN enabling NT3 to stimulate the regeneration of their DC axons and enhances functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Almutiri
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martin Berry
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ann Logan
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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33
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Deng C, Lin YX, Qi XK, He GP, Zhang Y, Zhang HJ, Xu M, Feng QS, Bei JX, Zeng YX, Feng L. TNFRSF19 Inhibits TGFβ Signaling through Interaction with TGFβ Receptor Type I to Promote Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3469-3483. [PMID: 29735548 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility underlies the pathogenesis of cancer. We and others have previously identified a novel susceptibility gene TNFRSF19, which encodes an orphan member of the TNF receptor superfamily known to be associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and lung cancer risk. Here, we show that TNFRSF19 is highly expressed in NPC and is required for cell proliferation and NPC development. However, unlike most of the TNF receptors, TNFRSF19 was not involved in NFκB activation or associated with TRAF proteins. We identified TGFβ receptor type I (TβRI) as a specific binding partner for TNFRSF19. TNFRSF19 bound the kinase domain of TβRI in the cytoplasm, thereby blocking Smad2/3 association with TβRI and subsequent signal transduction. Ectopic expression of TNFRSF19 in normal epithelial cells conferred resistance to the cell-cycle block induced by TGFβ, whereas knockout of TNFRSF19 in NPC cells unleashed a potent TGFβ response characterized by upregulation of Smad2/3 phosphorylation and TGFβ target gene transcription. Furthermore, elevated TNFRSF19 expression correlated with reduced TGFβ activity and poor prognosis in patients with NPC. Our data reveal that gain of function of TNFRSF19 in NPC represents a mechanism by which tumor cells evade the growth-inhibitory action of TGFβ.Significance:TNFRSF19, a susceptibility gene for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other cancers, functions as a potent inhibitor of the TGFβ signaling pathway.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/13/3469/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(13); 3469-83. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Deng
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xin Lin
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Kang Qi
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Ping He
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Jiong Zhang
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Feng
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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34
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Ozkaramanli Gur D, Guzel S, Akyuz A, Alpsoy S, Guler N. The role of novel cytokines in inflammation: Defining peripheral artery disease among patients with coronary artery disease. Vasc Med 2018; 23:428-436. [PMID: 29638194 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x18763096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with concomitant peripheral artery disease (PAD) experience more extensive and calcified atherosclerosis, greater lesion progression and more common coronary events compared to patients with CAD only. To characterize the distinct features of this aggressive atherosclerotic disease, we studied novel cytokines that code different stages of atherogenesis. One hundred and eighty consecutive subjects (60 patients into each group of CAD+PAD, CAD and controls) were recruited among patients with stable angina pectoris scheduled for coronary angiography. An ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤0.9 was determined as occlusive PAD. Fasting serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like antigen 1A (TL1A) and its receptor death receptor 3 (DR3), NOGO-B (reticulon 4B) and its receptor NUS1, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) 1, 4, 5 and interleukin (IL) 6 levels were determined. Serum hsCRP and DR3/TL1A concentrations were similar and higher than controls in the CAD and CAD+PAD groups. Levels of NOGO-B and its receptor NUS1 were increased and ADAMTS-5 was decreased in patients with CAD+PAD. Independent predictors of ABI in multivariate analysis were smoking (B = -0.13, p = 0.04), NUS1 (B = -0.88, p < 0.001), ADAMTS-5 (B = 0.63, p < 0.001) and SYNTAX score (B = -0.26, p < 0.001). Similarly, smoking (OR = 5.5, p = 0.019), SYNTAX score (OR = 1.2, p < 0.001), NUS1 (OR = 14.4, p < 0.001), ADAMTS-5 (OR = 1.1, p < 0.001) and age (OR = 1.1, p = 0.042) independently predicted the involvement of peripheral vasculature in logistic regression. The diagnostic performance of these cytokines to discriminate CAD+PAD were AUC 0.79 ( p < 0.001) for NUS1 and 0.37 ( p = 0.013) for ADAMTS-5. We report herein that circulating cytokines can give clues to the ongoing atherosclerotic process and the extent of vascular involvement in which distinct features of ADAMTS-5 and NUS1 make them promising cytokines for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Savas Guzel
- Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Aydin Akyuz
- Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Seref Alpsoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Niyazi Guler
- Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
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35
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Nogo-A interacts with TrkA to alter nerve growth factor signaling in Nogo-A-overexpressing PC12 cells. Cell Signal 2018; 44:20-27. [PMID: 29325876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Nogo-A protein, originally discovered as a potent myelin-associated inhibitor of neurite outgrowth, is also expressed by certain neurons, especially during development and after injury, but its role in neuronal function is not completely known. In this report, we overexpressed Nogo-A in PC12 cells to use as a model to identify potential neuronal signaling pathways affected by endogenously expressed Nogo-A. Unexpectedly, our results show that viability of Nogo-A-overexpressing cells was reduced progressively due to apoptotic cell death following NGF treatment, but only after 24 h. Inhibitors of neutral sphingomyelinase prevented this loss of viability, suggesting that NGF induced the activation of a ceramide-dependent cell death pathway. Nogo-A over-expression also changed NGF-induced phosphorylation of TrkA at tyrosines 490 and 674/675 from sustained to transient, and prevented the regulated intramembrane proteolysis of p75NTR, indicating that Nogo-A was altering the function of the two neurotrophin receptors. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that there was a physical association between TrkA and Nogo-A which appeared to be dependent on interactions in the Nogo-A-specific region of the protein. Taken together, our results indicate that Nogo-A influences NGF-mediated mechanisms involving the activation of TrkA and its interaction with p75NTR.
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36
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Gómez RM, Sánchez MY, Portela-Lomba M, Ghotme K, Barreto GE, Sierra J, Moreno-Flores MT. Cell therapy for spinal cord injury with olfactory ensheathing glia cells (OECs). Glia 2018; 66:1267-1301. [PMID: 29330870 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The prospects of achieving regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) have changed, as most recent findings indicate that several species, including humans, can produce neurons in adulthood. Studies targeting this property may be considered as potential therapeutic strategies to respond to injury or the effects of demyelinating diseases in the CNS. While CNS trauma may interrupt the axonal tracts that connect neurons with their targets, some neurons remain alive, as seen in optic nerve and spinal cord (SC) injuries (SCIs). The devastating consequences of SCIs are due to the immediate and significant disruption of the ascending and descending spinal pathways, which result in varying degrees of motor and sensory impairment. Recent therapeutic studies for SCI have focused on cell transplantation in animal models, using cells capable of inducing axon regeneration like Schwann cells (SchCs), astrocytes, genetically modified fibroblasts and olfactory ensheathing glia cells (OECs). Nevertheless, and despite the improvements in such cell-based therapeutic strategies, there is still little information regarding the mechanisms underlying the success of transplantation and regarding any secondary effects. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify these issues. In this review, we highlight the properties of OECs that make them suitable to achieve neuroplasticity/neuroregeneration in SCI. OECs can interact with the glial scar, stimulate angiogenesis, axon outgrowth and remyelination, improving functional outcomes following lesion. Furthermore, we present evidence of the utility of cell therapy with OECs to treat SCI, both from animal models and clinical studies performed on SCI patients, providing promising results for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Gómez
- Fundación de Neuroregeneración en Colombia, Grupo de investigación NeuroRec, Bogota D.C, Colombia
| | - Magdy Y Sánchez
- Fundación de Neuroregeneración en Colombia, Grupo de investigación NeuroRec, Bogota D.C, Colombia.,Maestría en Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota D.C, Colombia
| | - Maria Portela-Lomba
- Facultad de CC Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kemel Ghotme
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota D.C, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Sierra
- Facultad de CC Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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p75NTR and TROY: Uncharted Roles of Nogo Receptor Complex in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6329-6336. [PMID: 29294247 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), have been on the forefront of drug discovery for most of the myelin inhibitory molecules implicated in axonal regenerative process. Nogo-A along with its putative receptor NgR and co-receptor LINGO-1 has paved the way for the production of pharmaceutical agents such as monoclonal antibodies, which are already put into handful of clinical trials. On the other side, little progress has been made towards clarifying the role of neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR) and TROY in disease progression, other key players of the Nogo receptor complex. Previous work of our lab has shown that their exact location and type of expression is harmonized in a phase-dependent manner. Here, in this review, we outline their façade in normal and diseased central nervous system (CNS) and suggest a role for p75NTR in chronic axonal regeneration whereas TROY in acute inflammation of EAE intercourse.
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38
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Troy/TNFRSF19 marks epithelial progenitor cells during mouse kidney development that continue to contribute to turnover in adult kidney. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E11190-E11198. [PMID: 29237753 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714145115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During kidney development, progressively committed progenitor cells give rise to the distinct segments of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. Similar segment-committed progenitor cells are thought to be involved in the homeostasis of adult kidney. However, markers for most segment-committed progenitor cells remain to be identified. Here, we evaluate Troy/TNFRSF19 as a segment-committed nephron progenitor cell marker. Troy is expressed in the ureteric bud during embryonic development. During postnatal nephrogenesis, Troy+ cells are present in the cortex and papilla and display an immature tubular phenotype. Tracing of Troy+ cells during nephrogenesis demonstrates that Troy+ cells clonally give rise to tubular structures that persist for up to 2 y after induction. Troy+ cells have a 40-fold higher capacity than Troy- cells to form organoids, which is considered a stem cell property in vitro. In the adult kidney, Troy+ cells are present in the papilla and these cells continue to contribute to collecting duct formation during homeostasis. The number of Troy-derived cells increases after folic acid-induced injury. Our data show that Troy marks a renal stem/progenitor cell population in the developing kidney that in adult kidney contributes to homeostasis, predominantly of the collecting duct, and regeneration.
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Ding Z, Roos A, Kloss J, Dhruv H, Peng S, Pirrotte P, Eschbacher JM, Tran NL, Loftus JC. A Novel Signaling Complex between TROY and EGFR Mediates Glioblastoma Cell Invasion. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 16:322-332. [PMID: 29117939 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent primary brain tumor in adults and a highly lethal malignancy with a median survival of about 15 months. The aggressive invasion of the surrounding normal brain makes complete surgical resection impossible, increases the resistance to radiation and chemotherapy, and assures tumor recurrence. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop innovative therapeutics to target the invasive tumor cells for improved treatment outcomes of this disease. Expression of TROY (TNFRSF19), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, increases with increasing glial tumor grade and inversely correlates with patient survival. Increased expression of TROY stimulates glioblastoma cell invasion in vitro and in vivo and increases resistance to temozolomide and radiation therapy. Conversely, silencing TROY expression inhibits glioblastoma cell invasion, increases temozolomide sensitivity, and prolongs survival in an intracranial xenograft model. Here, a novel complex is identified between TROY and EGFR, which is mediated predominantly by the cysteine-rich CRD3 domain of TROY. Glioblastoma tumors with elevated TROY expression have a statistically positive correlation with increased EGFR expression. TROY expression significantly increases the capacity of EGF to stimulate glioblastoma cell invasion, whereas depletion of TROY expression blocks EGF stimulation of glioblastoma cell invasion. Mechanistically, TROY expression modulates EGFR signaling by facilitating EGFR activation and delaying EGFR receptor internalization. Moreover, the association of EGFR with TROY increases TROY-induced NF-κB activation. These findings substantiate a critical role for the TROY-EGFR complex in regulation of glioblastoma cell invasion.Implications: The TROY-EGFR signaling complex emerges as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit glioblastoma cell invasion. Mol Cancer Res; 16(2); 322-32. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghui Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Alison Roos
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Jean Kloss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Harshil Dhruv
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Sen Peng
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.,Center for Proteomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jennifer M Eschbacher
- Department of Neuropathology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Joseph C Loftus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona.
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Pronker MF, Tas RP, Vlieg HC, Janssen BJC. Nogo Receptor crystal structures with a native disulfide pattern suggest a novel mode of self-interaction. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2017; 73:860-876. [DOI: 10.1107/s2059798317013791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Nogo Receptor (NgR) is a glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored cell-surface protein and is a receptor for three myelin-associated inhibitors of regeneration: myelin-associated glycoprotein, Nogo66 and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein. In combination with different co-receptors, NgR mediates signalling that reduces neuronal plasticity. The available structures of the NgR ligand-binding leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain have an artificial disulfide pattern owing to truncated C-terminal construct boundaries. NgR has previously been shown to self-associateviaits LRR domain, but the structural basis of this interaction remains elusive. Here, crystal structures of the NgR LRR with a longer C-terminal segment and a native disulfide pattern are presented. An additional C-terminal loop proximal to the C-terminal LRR cap is stabilized by two newly formed disulfide bonds, but is otherwise mostly unstructured in the absence of any stabilizing interactions. NgR crystallized in six unique crystal forms, three of which share a crystal-packing interface. NgR crystal-packing interfaces from all eight unique crystal forms are compared in order to explore how NgR could self-interact on the neuronal plasma membrane.
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41
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Hou XQ, Wang L, Wang FG, Zhao XM, Zhang HT. Combination of RNA Interference and Stem Cells for Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8050135. [PMID: 28481269 PMCID: PMC5448009 DOI: 10.3390/genes8050135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), including microRNAs, is an important player in the mediation of differentiation and migration of stem cells via target genes. It is used as a potential strategy for gene therapy for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Stem cells are considered vectors of RNAi due to their capacity to deliver RNAi to other cells. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in studies of RNAi pathways in controlling neuronal differentiation and migration of stem cells. We also highlight the utilization of a combination of RNAi and stem cells in treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qin Hou
- Institute of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, Shandong, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, Shandong, China.
| | - Fu-Gang Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiao-Min Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, Shandong, China.
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, Shandong, China.
- Departments of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Physiology & Pharmacology, Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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42
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Pernet V. Nogo-A in the visual system development and in ocular diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1300-1311. [PMID: 28408340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nogo-A is a potent myelin-associated inhibitor for neuronal growth and plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Its effects are mediated by the activation of specific receptors that intracellularly control cytoskeleton rearrangements, protein synthesis and gene expression. Moreover, Nogo-A has been involved in the development of the visual system and in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases and injury processes that can alter its function. For example, Nogo-A was shown to influence optic nerve myelinogenesis, the formation and maturation of retinal axon projections, and retinal angiogenesis. In adult animals, the inactivation of Nogo-A exerted remarkable effects on visual plasticity. Relieving Nogo-A-induced inhibition increased axonal sprouting after optic nerve lesion and axonal rewiring in the visual cortex of intact adult mice. This review aims at presenting our current knowledge on the role of Nogo-A in the visual system and to discuss how its therapeutic targeting may promote visual improvement in ophthalmic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pernet
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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43
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Boghdadi AG, Teo L, Bourne JA. The Involvement of the Myelin-Associated Inhibitors and Their Receptors in CNS Plasticity and Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1831-1846. [PMID: 28229330 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The limited capacity for the central nervous system (CNS) to repair itself was first described over 100 years ago by Spanish neuroscientist Ramon Y. Cajal. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this failure in neuronal regeneration remain unclear and, as such, no effective therapeutics yet exist. Numerous studies have attempted to elucidate the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that inhibit neuronal repair with increasing evidence suggesting that several inhibitory factors and repulsive guidance cues active during development actually persist into adulthood and may be contributing to the inhibition of repair. For example, in the injured adult CNS, there are various inhibitory factors that impede the outgrowth of neurites from damaged neurons. One of the most potent of these neurite outgrowth inhibitors is the group of proteins known as the myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs), present mainly on the membranes of oligodendroglia. Several studies have shown that interfering with these proteins can have positive outcomes in CNS injury models by promoting neurite outgrowth and improving functional recovery. As such, the MAIs, their receptors, and downstream effectors are valid drug targets for the treatment of CNS injury. This review will discuss the current literature on MAIs in the context of CNS development, plasticity, and injury. Molecules that interfere with the MAIs and their receptors as potential candidates for the treatment of CNS injury will additionally be introduced in the context of preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G Boghdadi
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, 15 Innovation Walk (Building 75), Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Leon Teo
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, 15 Innovation Walk (Building 75), Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - James A Bourne
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, 15 Innovation Walk (Building 75), Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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LINGO-1 Regulates Oligodendrocyte Differentiation through the Cytoplasmic Gelsolin Signaling Pathway. J Neurosci 2017; 37:3127-3137. [PMID: 28193690 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3722-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) involve the assembly and disassembly of actin microfilaments. However, how actin dynamics are regulated during this process remains poorly understood. Leucine-rich repeat and Ig-like domain-containing Nogo receptor interacting protein 1 (LINGO-1) is a negative regulator of OPC differentiation. We discovered that anti-LINGO-1 antibody-promoted OPC differentiation was accompanied by upregulation of cytoplasmic gelsolin (cGSN), an abundant actin-severing protein involved in the depolymerization of actin filaments. Treating rat OPCs with cGSN siRNA reduced OPC differentiation, whereas overexpression of cGSN promoted OPC differentiation in vitro and remyelination in vivo Furthermore, coexpression of cGSN and LINGO-1 blocked the inhibitory effect of LINGO-1. Our study demonstrates that cGSN works downstream of LINGO-1 signaling pathway, which enhances actin dynamics and is essential for OPC morphogenesis and differentiation. This finding may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS).SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Myelin loss and subsequent axon degeneration contributes to a variety of neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Understanding the regulation of myelination by oligodendrocytes is therefore critical for developing therapies for the treatment of MS. We previously demonstrated that leucine-rich repeat and Ig-like domain-containing Nogo receptor interacting protein 1 (LINGO-1) is a negative regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation and that anti-LINGO-1 promotes remyelination in preclinical animal models for MS and in a phase II acute optic neuritis clinical trial (RENEW). The mechanism by which LINGO-1 regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that LINGO-1 regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation through the cytoplasmic gelsolin signaling pathway, providing new drug targets for the treatment of demyelination diseases.
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Abstract
Demyelination of central nervous system axons, associated with traumatic injury and demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, causes impaired neural transmission and ultimately axon degeneration. Consequently, extensive research has focused on signaling systems that promote myelinating activity of oligodendrocytes or promote production of new oligodendrocytes from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Many receptor systems, notably including growth factor receptors and G protein-coupled receptors, control myelination. A number of recent clinical trials target these receptor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bothwell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;
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46
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Combined application of Rho-ROCKII and GSK-3β inhibitors exerts an improved protective effect on axonal regeneration in rats with spinal cord injury. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5180-5188. [PMID: 27840930 PMCID: PMC5355718 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that the Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCKII) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK)-3β signaling pathways are involved in axonal regeneration. The present study investigated the effects of the combined application of Y27632 (a ROCKII inhibitor) and 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione (TDZD-8; a GSK-3β inhibitor) on neurite outgrowth and functional recovery in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). A total of 90 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into six groups, and the SCI rats received daily administration of 1.6 mg/kg Y27632 for 2 weeks and/or 1 mg/kg TDZD-8 for 3 weeks via a catheter. Cellular apoptosis in the injured spinal cords was measured at each time point using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. The expression levels of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) were determined by immunohistochemical staining. In addition, an anterograde tracer was used to analyze axonal regeneration, the Basso Beattie Bresnahan locomotor rating scale (BBB) was analyzed, and the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) test was conducted. The results demonstrated that SCI upregulated the number of apoptotic cells, increased GAP-43 expression and enhanced the latent periods of SEP, as compared with in mice that underwent a sham operation. Furthermore, SCI decreased the BBB scores and the SEP amplitudes. These injuries in the spinal cord were reduced following treatment with Y27632, TDZD-8, or their combined application, as detected by decreased apoptosis, the induction of axonal regeneration, and the promotion of functional recovery of the lower limbs. Although the BBB scores, and SEP amplitudes and latent periods were not significantly different among the three drug treatment groups, the combined application of Y27632 and TDZD-8 resulted in stronger axonal regenerative potency and a greater protective effect on secondary SCI. These results indicated that the combined application of Y27632 and TDZD-8 may more effectively protect against secondary SCI by inhibiting cellular apoptosis, enhancing GAP-43 expression and promoting neurite outgrowth in SCI rats, compared with Y27632 or TDZD-8 alone.
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Theotokis P, Touloumi O, Lagoudaki R, Nousiopoulou E, Kesidou E, Siafis S, Tselios T, Lourbopoulos A, Karacostas D, Grigoriadis N, Simeonidou C. Nogo receptor complex expression dynamics in the inflammatory foci of central nervous system experimental autoimmune demyelination. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:265. [PMID: 27724971 PMCID: PMC5057208 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nogo-A and its putative receptor NgR are considered to be among the inhibitors of axonal regeneration in the CNS. However, few studies so far have addressed the issue of local NgR complex multilateral localization within inflammation in an MS mouse model of autoimmune demyelination. METHODS Chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in C57BL/6 mice. Analyses were performed on acute (days 18-22) and chronic (day 50) time points and compared to controls. The temporal and spatial expression of the Nogo receptor complex (NgR and coreceptors) was studied at the spinal cord using epifluorescent and confocal microscopy or real-time PCR. Data are expressed as cells/mm2, as mean % ± SEM, or as arbitrary units of integrated density. RESULTS Animals developed a moderate to severe EAE without mortality, followed by a progressive, chronic clinical course. NgR complex spatial expression varied during the main time points of EAE. NgR with coreceptors LINGO-1 and TROY was increased in the spinal cord in the acute phase whereas LINGO-1 and p75 signal seemed to be dominant in the chronic phase, respectively. NgR was detected on gray matter NeuN+ neurons of the spinal cord, within the white matter inflammatory foci (14.2 ± 4.3 % NgR+ inflammatory cells), and found to be colocalized with GAP-43+ axonal growth cones while no β-TubIII+, SMI-32+, or APP+ axons were found as NgR+. Among the NgR+ inflammatory cells, 75.6 ± 9.0 % were microglial/macrophages (lectin+), 49.6 ± 14.2 % expressed CD68 (phagocytic ED1+ cells), and no cells were Mac-3+. Of these macrophages/monocytes, only Arginase-1+/NgR+ but not iNOS+/NgR+ were present in lesions both in acute and chronic phases. CONCLUSIONS Our data describe in detail the expression of the Nogo receptor complex within the autoimmune inflammatory foci and suggest a possible immune action for NgR apart from the established inhibitory one on axonal growth. Its expression by inflammatory macrophages/monocytes could signify a possible role of these cells on axonal guidance and clearance of the lesioned area during inflammatory demyelination.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Arginase/metabolism
- Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Central Nervous System/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/complications
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Freund's Adjuvant/immunology
- Freund's Adjuvant/toxicity
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/immunology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/toxicity
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Nogo Proteins/genetics
- Nogo Proteins/metabolism
- Nogo Receptors/genetics
- Nogo Receptors/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/toxicity
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Statistics, Nonparametric
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschalis Theotokis
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Olga Touloumi
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Roza Lagoudaki
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Evangelia Nousiopoulou
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Spyridon Siafis
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Theodoros Tselios
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Rion, 265 04 Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasios Lourbopoulos
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Karacostas
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Constantina Simeonidou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
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Zelenay V, Arzt ME, Bibow S, Schwab ME, Riek R. The Neurite Outgrowth Inhibitory Nogo-A-Δ20 Region Is an Intrinsically Disordered Segment Harbouring Three Stretches with Helical Propensity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161813. [PMID: 27611089 PMCID: PMC5017703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional recovery from central neurotrauma, such as spinal cord injury, is limited by myelin-associated inhibitory proteins. The most prominent example, Nogo-A, imposes an inhibitory cue for nerve fibre growth via two independent domains: Nogo-A-Δ20 (residues 544-725 of the rat Nogo-A sequence) and Nogo-66 (residues 1026-1091). Inhibitory signalling from these domains causes a collapse of the neuronal growth cone via individual receptor complexes, centred around sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) for Nogo-A-Δ20 and Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1) for Nogo-66. Whereas the helical conformation of Nogo-66 has been studied extensively, only little structural information is available for the Nogo-A-Δ20 region. We used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to assess potential residual structural propensities of the intrinsically disordered Nogo-A-Δ20. Using triple resonance experiments, we were able to assign 94% of the non-proline backbone residues. While secondary structure analysis and relaxation measurements highlighted the intrinsically disordered character of Nogo-A-Δ20, three stretches comprising residues 561EAIQESL567, 639EAMNVALKALGT650, and 693SNYSEIAK700 form transient α-helical structures. Interestingly, 561EAIQESL567 is situated directly adjacent to one of the most conserved regions of Nogo-A-Δ20 that contains a binding motif for β1-integrin. Likewise, 639EAMNVALKALGT650 partially overlaps with the epitope recognized by 11C7, a Nogo-A-neutralizing antibody that promotes functional recovery from spinal cord injury. Diffusion measurements by pulse-field gradient NMR spectroscopy suggest concentration- and oxidation state-dependent dimerisation of Nogo-A-Δ20. Surprisingly, NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) data could not validate previously shown binding of extracellular loops of S1PR2 to Nogo-A-Δ20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Zelenay
- Department of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael E. Arzt
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Bibow
- Department of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin E. Schwab
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Riek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Wheeler NA, Fuss B. Extracellular cues influencing oligodendrocyte differentiation and (re)myelination. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:512-30. [PMID: 27016069 PMCID: PMC5010977 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing number of neurologic disorders found to be associated with loss and/or dysfunction of the CNS myelin sheath, ranging from the classic demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis, through CNS injury, to neuropsychiatric diseases. The disabling burden of these diseases has sparked a growing interest in gaining a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating the differentiation of the myelinating cells of the CNS, oligodendrocytes (OLGs), and the process of (re)myelination. In this context, the importance of the extracellular milieu is becoming increasingly recognized. Under pathological conditions, changes in inhibitory as well as permissive/promotional cues are thought to lead to an overall extracellular environment that is obstructive for the regeneration of the myelin sheath. Given the general view that remyelination is, even though limited in human, a natural response to demyelination, targeting pathologically 'dysregulated' extracellular cues and their downstream pathways is regarded as a promising approach toward the enhancement of remyelination by endogenous (or if necessary transplanted) OLG progenitor cells. In this review, we will introduce the extracellular cues that have been implicated in the modulation of (re)myelination. These cues can be soluble, part of the extracellular matrix (ECM) or mediators of cell-cell interactions. Their inhibitory and permissive/promotional roles with regard to remyelination as well as their potential for therapeutic intervention will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Wheeler
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Babette Fuss
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
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50
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Zhang Q, Yan S, You R, Kaplan DL, Liu Y, Qu J, Li X, Li M, Wang X. Multichannel silk protein/laminin grafts for spinal cord injury repair. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:3045-3057. [PMID: 27474892 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The physical, chemical, and bioactive cues provided by biomaterials are critical for spinal cord regeneration following injury. In this study, we investigated the bioactivity of a silk-based scaffold for nerve tissue remodeling that featured morphological guidance in the form of ridges as well as bioactive molecules. Multichannel/laminin (LN) silk scaffolds stimulated growth, development, and the extension of primary hippocampal neurons after 7 days of culture in vitro. And then, the multichannel/LN silk scaffolds were implanted into 2-mm-long hemisection defects in Sprague-Dawley rat spinal cords for 70 days to evaluate their bioactivities of spinal cord remolding. Our results demonstrated that animal behavior was significantly improved in the multichannel/LN group, as evaluated by Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score, whereas the implantation of multichannels and random pores groups resulted in recurring limps. Moreover, histology and immunohistochemical staining revealed an increase in blood vessels and expression of growth associated protein-43 and neurofilament-200 as well as reduced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the multichannel/LN group, which contributed to the rebuilding of spinal cord defects. Thus, multichannel/LN silk scaffolds mediated cell migration, stimulated blood capillary formation, and promoted axonal extension, suggesting the utility of these scaffolds for spinal cord reconstruction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 3045-3057, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, 02155 Massachusetts
| | - Shuqin Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Renchuan You
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, 02155 Massachusetts
| | - Yu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jing Qu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiufang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mingzhong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Performance Textiles, School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3056, Victoria, Australia
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