1
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Desai K, Wanggou S, Luis E, Whetstone H, Yu C, Vanner RJ, Selvadurai HJ, Lee L, Vijay J, Jaramillo JE, Fan J, Guilhamon P, Kushida M, Li X, Stein G, Kesari S, Simons BD, Huang X, Dirks PB. OLIG2 mediates a rare targetable stem cell fate transition in sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma. Nat Commun 2025; 16:1092. [PMID: 39904987 PMCID: PMC11794873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2025] Open
Abstract
Functional cellular heterogeneity in tumours often underlies incomplete response to therapy and relapse. Previously, we demonstrated that the growth of the paediatric brain malignancy, sonic hedgehog subgroup medulloblastoma, is rooted in a dysregulated developmental hierarchy, the apex of which is defined by characteristically quiescent SOX2+ stem-like cells. Integrating gene expression and chromatin accessibility patterns in distinct cellular compartments, we identify the transcription factor Olig2 as regulating the stem cell fate transition from quiescence to activation, driving the generation of downstream neoplastic progenitors. Inactivation of Olig2 blocks stem cell activation and tumour output. Targeting this rare OLIG2-driven proliferative programme with a small molecule inhibitor, CT-179, dramatically attenuates early tumour formation and tumour regrowth post-therapy, and significantly increases median survival in vivo. We demonstrate that targeting transition from quiescence to proliferation at the level of the tumorigenic cell could be a pivotal medulloblastoma treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Desai
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Siyi Wanggou
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, and Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Erika Luis
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Heather Whetstone
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Chunying Yu
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Robert J Vanner
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hayden J Selvadurai
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Lilian Lee
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jinchu Vijay
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Julia E Jaramillo
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jerry Fan
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Paul Guilhamon
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Michelle Kushida
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, and Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Gregory Stein
- Curtana Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Austin, TX, 78756, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Curtana Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Austin, TX, 78756, USA
- Pacific Neuroscience Institute and Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, UK
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, and the Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Xi Huang
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, and Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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2
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Bizen N, Takebayashi H. Diverse functions of DEAD-box proteins in oligodendrocyte development, differentiation, and homeostasis. J Neurochem 2025; 169:e16238. [PMID: 39374171 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes, a type of glial cell in the central nervous system, have a critical role in the formation of myelin around axons, facilitating saltatory conduction, and maintaining the integrity of nerve axons. The dysregulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and homeostasis have been implicated in a wide range of neurological diseases, including dysmyelinating disorders (e.g., Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease), demyelinating diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis), Alzheimer's disease, and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, unraveling the mechanisms of oligodendrocyte development, differentiation, and homeostasis is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases and the development of therapeutic interventions. Numerous studies have identified and analyzed the functions of transcription factors, RNA metabolic factors, translation control factors, and intracellular and extracellular signals involved in the series of processes from oligodendrocyte fate determination to terminal differentiation. DEAD-box proteins, multifunctional RNA helicases that regulate various intracellular processes, including transcription, RNA processing, and translation, are increasingly recognized for their diverse roles in various aspects of oligodendrocyte development, differentiation, and maintenance of homeostasis. This review introduces the latest insights into the regulatory networks of oligodendrocyte biology mediated by DEAD-box proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Bizen
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Center for Anatomical Studies, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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3
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Li Y, Wan LP, Song NN, Ding YQ, Zhao S, Niu J, Mao B, Sheng N, Ma P. RNF220-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination stabilizes Olig proteins during oligodendroglial development and myelination. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk3931. [PMID: 38324685 PMCID: PMC10849602 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Maldevelopment of oligodendroglia underlies neural developmental disorders such as leukodystrophy. Precise regulation of the activity of specific transcription factors (TFs) by various posttranslational modifications (PTMs) is required to ensure proper oligodendroglial development and myelination. However, the role of ubiquitination of these TFs during oligodendroglial development is yet unexplored. Here, we find that RNF220, a known leukodystrophy-related E3 ubiquitin ligase, is required for oligodendroglial development. RNF220 depletion in oligodendrocyte lineage cells impedes oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and (re)myelination, which consequently leads to learning and memory defects. Mechanistically, RNF220 targets Olig1/2 for K63-linked polyubiquitination and stabilization during oligodendroglial development. Furthermore, in a knock-in mouse model of leukodystrophy-related RNF220R365Q mutation, the ubiquitination and stabilization of Olig proteins are deregulated in oligodendroglial cells. This results in pathomimetic oligodendroglial developmental defects, impaired myelination, and abnormal behaviors. Together, our evidence provides an alternative insight into PTMs of oligodendroglial TFs and how this essential process may be implicated in the etiology of leukodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Li Pear Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Ning-Ning Song
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jianqin Niu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bingyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Nengyin Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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4
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Hayashi S, Seki-Omura R, Yamada S, Kamata T, Sato Y, Oe S, Koike T, Nakano Y, Iwashita H, Hirahara Y, Tanaka S, Sekijima T, Ito T, Yasukochi Y, Higasa K, Kitada M. OLIG2 translocates to chromosomes during mitosis via a temperature downshift: A novel neural cold response of mitotic bookmarking. Gene 2024; 891:147829. [PMID: 37748631 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Ryohei Seki-Omura
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yamada
- Department of Functional Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taito Kamata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-nocho, Niigata, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-nocho, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Souichi Oe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taro Koike
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yousuke Nakano
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hikaru Iwashita
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukie Hirahara
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan; Faculty of Nursing, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-2-2, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, Manabino 1-1-1, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Sekijima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-nocho, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ito
- Department of Genome Analysis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yasukochi
- Department of Genome Analysis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Higasa
- Department of Genome Analysis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitada
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
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5
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Frith TJR, Briscoe J, Boezio GLM. From signalling to form: the coordination of neural tube patterning. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 159:168-231. [PMID: 38729676 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of the vertebrate spinal cord involves the formation of the neural tube and the generation of multiple distinct cell types. The process starts during gastrulation, combining axial elongation with specification of neural cells and the formation of the neuroepithelium. Tissue movements produce the neural tube which is then exposed to signals that provide patterning information to neural progenitors. The intracellular response to these signals, via a gene regulatory network, governs the spatial and temporal differentiation of progenitors into specific cell types, facilitating the assembly of functional neuronal circuits. The interplay between the gene regulatory network, cell movement, and tissue mechanics generates the conserved neural tube pattern observed across species. In this review we offer an overview of the molecular and cellular processes governing the formation and patterning of the neural tube, highlighting how the remarkable complexity and precision of vertebrate nervous system arises. We argue that a multidisciplinary and multiscale understanding of the neural tube development, paired with the study of species-specific strategies, will be crucial to tackle the open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Briscoe
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.
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6
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Li C, Fleck JS, Martins-Costa C, Burkard TR, Themann J, Stuempflen M, Peer AM, Vertesy Á, Littleboy JB, Esk C, Elling U, Kasprian G, Corsini NS, Treutlein B, Knoblich JA. Single-cell brain organoid screening identifies developmental defects in autism. Nature 2023; 621:373-380. [PMID: 37704762 PMCID: PMC10499611 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of the human brain involves unique processes (not observed in many other species) that can contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders1-4. Cerebral organoids enable the study of neurodevelopmental disorders in a human context. We have developed the CRISPR-human organoids-single-cell RNA sequencing (CHOOSE) system, which uses verified pairs of guide RNAs, inducible CRISPR-Cas9-based genetic disruption and single-cell transcriptomics for pooled loss-of-function screening in mosaic organoids. Here we show that perturbation of 36 high-risk autism spectrum disorder genes related to transcriptional regulation uncovers their effects on cell fate determination. We find that dorsal intermediate progenitors, ventral progenitors and upper-layer excitatory neurons are among the most vulnerable cell types. We construct a developmental gene regulatory network of cerebral organoids from single-cell transcriptomes and chromatin modalities and identify autism spectrum disorder-associated and perturbation-enriched regulatory modules. Perturbing members of the BRG1/BRM-associated factor (BAF) chromatin remodelling complex leads to enrichment of ventral telencephalon progenitors. Specifically, mutating the BAF subunit ARID1B affects the fate transition of progenitors to oligodendrocyte and interneuron precursor cells, a phenotype that we confirmed in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids. Our study paves the way for high-throughput phenotypic characterization of disease susceptibility genes in organoid models with cell state, molecular pathway and gene regulatory network readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jonas Simon Fleck
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catarina Martins-Costa
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas R Burkard
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Themann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Stuempflen
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Maria Peer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ábel Vertesy
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jamie B Littleboy
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Esk
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrich Elling
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina S Corsini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Juergen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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7
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Szu JI, Tsigelny IF, Wojcinski A, Kesari S. Biological functions of the Olig gene family in brain cancer and therapeutic targeting. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1129434. [PMID: 37274223 PMCID: PMC10232966 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1129434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Olig genes encode members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. Olig1, Olig2, and Olig3 are expressed in both the developing and mature central nervous system (CNS) and regulate cellular specification and differentiation. Over the past decade extensive studies have established functional roles of Olig1 and Olig2 in development as well as in cancer. Olig2 overexpression drives glioma proliferation and resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of the Olig family in brain cancer and how targeting Olig family genes may have therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny I. Szu
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Saint John’s Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Igor F. Tsigelny
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- CureScience, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Wojcinski
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Saint John’s Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, United States
- Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Saint John’s Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, United States
- Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Santa Monica, CA, United States
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8
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Tuan PA, Duc NM. A rare, giant, anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Radiol Case Rep 2023; 18:1544-1548. [PMID: 36815147 PMCID: PMC9939545 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendroglioma, the third most common glioma, accounts for 5% of primary brain tumors and around 20% of all glial neoplasms. They are quite uncommon in children. Here, we aimed to show an unusual case of a 9-year-old boy developing a huge anaplastic oligodendroglioma. A high-grade astrocytoma-like supratentorial tumor was discovered by a sophisticated brain scan employing magnetic resonance imaging. The tumor was identified by histopathology as an anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Anaplastic oligodendroglioma should be considered while making the differential diagnosis of high-grade astrocytoma notwithstanding its rarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Anh Tuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Minh Duc
- Department of Radiology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, 2 Duong Quang Trung, Ward 12, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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9
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Hayashi S, Oe S, Koike T, Seki-Omura R, Nakano Y, Hirahara Y, Tanaka S, Ito T, Yasukochi Y, Higasa K, Kitada M. OLIG2 is an in vivo bookmarking transcription factor in the developing neural tube in mouse. J Neurochem 2022; 165:303-317. [PMID: 36547371 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cells possess intrinsic features that are inheritable via epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation and histone modification. These inheritable features maintain a unique gene expression pattern, underlying cellular memory. Because of the degradation or displacement of mitotic chromosomes, most transcription factors do not contribute to cellular memory. However, accumulating in vitro evidence indicates that some transcription factors can be retained in mitotic chromosomes called as bookmarking. Such transcription factors may contribute to a novel third mechanism of cellular memory. Since most findings of transcription factor bookmarking have been reported in vitro, little is currently known in vivo. In the neural tube of mouse embryos, we discovered that OLIG2, a basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factor that regulates proliferation of neural progenitors and the cell fate of motoneurons and oligodendrocytes, binds to chromatin through every cell cycle including M-phase. OLIG2 chromosomal localization coincides with mitotic cell features such as the phosphorylation of histone H3, KI67, and nuclear membrane breakdown. Chromosomal localization of OLIG2 is regulated by an N-terminus triple serine motif. Photobleaching analysis revealed slow OLIG2 mobility, suggesting a high affinity of OLIG2 to DNA. In Olig2 N-terminal deletion mutant mice, motoneurons and oligodendrocyte progenitor numbers are reduced in the neural tube, suggesting that the bookmarking regulatory domain is important for OLIG2 function. We conclude that OLIG2 is a de novo in vivo bookmarking transcription factor. Our results demonstrate the presence of in vivo bookmarking in a living organism and illustrate a novel function of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Hayashi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Souichi Oe
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taro Koike
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryohei Seki-Omura
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakano
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukie Hirahara
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.,Faculty of Nursing, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.,Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ito
- Department of Genome Analysis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yasukochi
- Department of Genome Analysis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Higasa
- Department of Genome Analysis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Jansen van Rensburg M, Crous A, Abrahamse H. Promoting Immortalized Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Transdifferentiation and Proliferation into Neuronal-Like Cells through Consecutive 525 nm and 825 nm Photobiomodulation. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:2744789. [PMID: 36106176 PMCID: PMC9467736 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2744789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cells can be generated from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) through biological or chemical inducers. Research has shown that this process may be optimized by the introduction of laser irradiation in the form of photobiomodulation (PBM) to cells. This in vitro study is aimed at generating neuronal-like cells with inducers, chemical or biological, and at furthermore treating these transdifferentiating cells with consecutive PBM of a 525 nm green (G) laser and 825 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser light with a fluence of 10 J/cm2. Cells were exposed to induction type 1 (IT1): 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) (0.5 mM)+indomethacin (200 μM)+insulin (5 μg/ml) for 14 days, preinduced with β-mercaptoethanol (BME) (1 mM) for two days, and then incubated with IT2: β-hydroxyanisole (BHA) (100 μM)+retinoic acid (RA) (10-6 M)+epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/ml)+basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (10 ng/ml) for 14 days and preinduced with β-mercaptoethanol (BME) (1 mM) for two days and then incubated with indomethacin (200 μM)+RA (1 μM)+forskolin (10 μM) for 14 days. The results were evaluated through morphological observations, viability, proliferation, and migration studies, 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days post-PBM. The protein detection of an early neuronal marker, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and late, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The genetic expression was also explored through real-time PCR. Results indicated differentiation in all experimental groups; however, cells that were preinduced showed higher proliferation and a higher differentiation rate than the group that was not preinduced. Within the preinduced groups, results indicated that cells treated with IT2 and consecutive PBM upregulated differentiation the most morphologically and physiologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleen Jansen van Rensburg
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa 2028
| | - Anine Crous
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa 2028
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa 2028
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11
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Zhang J, Sun JG, Xing X, Wu R, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Yuan F, Wang S, Yuan Z. c-Abl-induced Olig2 phosphorylation regulates the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Glia 2022; 70:1084-1099. [PMID: 35156232 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelinating cells in the central nervous system (CNS), are differentiated from OL progenitor cells (OPCs). The proliferation of existing OPCs is indispensable for myelination during CNS development and remyelination in response to demyelination stimulation. The transcription factor Olig2 is required for the specification of OLs and is expressed in the OL lineage. However, the post-translational modification of Olig2 in the proliferation of OPCs is poorly understood. Herein, we identified that c-Abl directly phosphorylates Olig2 mainly at the Tyr137 site, and that Olig2 phosphorylation is essential for OPC proliferation. The expression levels of c-Abl gradually decreased with brain development; moreover, c-Abl was highly expressed in OPCs. OL-specific c-Abl knockout at the developmental stage led to an insufficient proliferation of OPCs, a decreased expression of myelin-related genes, and myelination retardation. Accordingly, a c-Abl-specific kinase inhibitor suppressed OPC proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, we observed that OL-specific c-Abl knockout reduced OPC proliferation and remyelination in a cuprizone model of demyelination. In addition, we found that nilotinib, a clinically used c-Abl inhibitor, decreased the expression of myelin basic protein (Mbp) and motor coordination in mice, indicating a neurological side effect of a long-term administration of the c-Abl inhibitor. Thus, we identified the important role of c-Abl in OLs during developmental myelination and remyelination in a disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian-Guang Sun
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Xing
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wu
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lujun Zhou
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army No.5 Medical Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shukun Wang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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12
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Bizen N, Bepari AK, Zhou L, Abe M, Sakimura K, Ono K, Takebayashi H. Ddx20, an Olig2 binding factor, governs the survival of neural and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells via proper Mdm2 splicing and p53 suppression. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1028-1041. [PMID: 34974536 PMCID: PMC9090832 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Olig2 is indispensable for motoneuron and oligodendrocyte fate-specification in the pMN domain of embryonic spinal cords, and also involved in the proliferation and differentiation of several cell types in the nervous system, including neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and oligodendrocytes. However, how Olig2 controls these diverse biological processes remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that a novel Olig2-binding protein, DEAD-box helicase 20 (Ddx20), is indispensable for the survival of NPCs and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). A central nervous system (CNS)-specific Ddx20 conditional knockout (cKO) demonstrated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in NPCs and OPCs, through the potentiation of the p53 pathway in DNA damage-dependent and independent manners, including SMN complex disruption and the abnormal splicing of Mdm2 mRNA. Analyzes of Olig2 null NPCs showed that Olig2 contributed to NPC proliferation through Ddx20 protein stabilization. Our findings provide novel mechanisms underlying the Olig2-mediated proliferation of NPCs, via the Ddx20-p53 axis, in the embryonic CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Bizen
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Asim K Bepari
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Li Zhou
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Center for Coordination of Research Facilities (CCRF), Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ono
- Developmental Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan. .,Center for Coordination of Research Facilities (CCRF), Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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13
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Phenytoin promotes the proliferation of oligodendrocytes and enhances the expression of myelin basic protein in the corpus callosum of mice demyelinated by cuprizone. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:1617-1627. [PMID: 35362723 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte loss and myelin sheet destruction are crucial characteristics of demyelinating diseases. Phenytoin promotes the proliferation of endogenous neural precursor cells in the ventricular-subventricular zone in the postnatal brain that help restore the oligodendroglial population. This study aimed to evaluate whether phenytoin promotes myelin recovery of the corpus callosum of demyelinated adult mice. CD1 male mice were exposed to a demyelinating agent (0.2% cuprizone) for 8 weeks. We assembled two groups: the phenytoin-treated group and the control-vehicle group. The treated group received oral phenytoin (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. We quantified the number of Olig2 + and NG2 + oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), Rip + oligodendrocytes, the expression level of myelin basic protein (MBP), and the muscle strength and motor coordination. The oligodendroglial lineage (Olig2 + cells, NG2 + cells, and RIP + cells) significantly increases by the phenytoin administration when compared to the control-vehicle group. The phenytoin-treated group also showed an increased expression of MBP in the corpus callosum and better functional scores in the horizontal bar test. These findings suggest that phenytoin stimulates the proliferation of OPCs, re-establishes the oligodendroglial population, promotes myelin recovery in the corpus callosum, and improves motor coordination and muscle strength.
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14
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Ninou E, Michail A, Politis PK. Long Non-Coding RNA Lacuna Regulates Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells During Brain Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:726857. [PMID: 34900989 PMCID: PMC8653915 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.726857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is one of the most abundant classes of RNAs encoded within the mammalian genome and are highly expressed in the adult brain, they remain poorly characterized and their roles in the brain development are not well understood. Here we identify the lncRNA Lacuna (also catalogued as NONMMUT071331.2 in NONCODE database) as a negative regulator of neuronal differentiation in the neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) during mouse brain development. In particular, we show that Lacuna is transcribed from a genomic locus near to the Tbr2/Eomes gene, a key player in the transition of intermediate progenitor cells towards the induction of neuronal differentiation. Lacuna RNA expression peaks at the developmental time window between E14.5 and E16.5, consistent with a role in neural differentiation. Overexpression experiments in ex vivo cultured NSCs from murine cortex suggest that Lacuna is sufficient to inhibit neuronal differentiation, induce the number of Nestin+ and Olig2+ cells, without affecting proliferation or apoptosis of NSCs. CRISPR/dCas9-KRAB mediated knockdown of Lacuna gene expression leads to the opposite phenotype by inducing neuronal differentiation and suppressing Nestin+ and Olig2+ cells, again without any effect on proliferation or apoptosis of NSCs. Interestingly, despite the negative action of Lacuna on neurogenesis, its knockdown inhibits Eomes transcription, implying a simultaneous, but opposite, role in facilitating the Eomes gene expression. Collectively, our observations indicate a critical function of Lacuna in the gene regulation networks that fine tune the neuronal differentiation in the mammalian NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpinickie Ninou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Artemis Michail
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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The Effects of the Olig Family on the Regulation of Spinal Cord Development and Regeneration. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2776-2782. [PMID: 34228233 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are generated from neuroepithelial cells in the ventricular zone that surrounds the embryonic neural tube. The proliferation and distinct differentiation of neural precursors occurs at certain stages and are regulated by a series of transcription factors leading to the generation of neuronal and glial cell subtypes. In this manuscript, we review the effects of the Olig family, namely, members Olig1, Olig2 and Olig3, on the distinct differentiation of glial and neuronal cells in the developing spinal cord and injured neural tissue.
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16
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Wei H, Dong X, You Y, Hai B, Duran RCD, Wu X, Kharas N, Wu JQ. OLIG2 regulates lncRNAs and its own expression during oligodendrocyte lineage formation. BMC Biol 2021; 19:132. [PMID: 34172044 PMCID: PMC8235854 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligodendrocytes, responsible for axon ensheathment, are critical for central nervous system (CNS) development, function, and diseases. OLIG2 is an important transcription factor (TF) that acts during oligodendrocyte development and performs distinct functions at different stages. Previous studies have shown that lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs; > 200 bp) have important functions during oligodendrocyte development, but their roles have not been systematically characterized and their regulation is not yet clear. RESULTS We performed an integrated study of genome-wide OLIG2 binding and the epigenetic modification status of both coding and non-coding genes during three stages of oligodendrocyte differentiation in vivo: neural stem cells (NSCs), oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), and newly formed oligodendrocytes (NFOs). We found that 613 lncRNAs have OLIG2 binding sites and are expressed in at least one cell type, which can potentially be activated or repressed by OLIG2. Forty-eight of them have increased expression in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Predicting lncRNA functions by using a "guilt-by-association" approach revealed that the functions of these 48 lncRNAs were enriched in "oligodendrocyte development and differentiation." Additionally, bivalent genes are known to play essential roles during embryonic stem cell differentiation. We identified bivalent genes in NSCs, OPCs, and NFOs and found that some bivalent genes bound by OLIG2 are dynamically regulated during oligodendrocyte development. Importantly, we unveiled a previously unknown mechanism that, in addition to transcriptional regulation via DNA binding, OLIG2 could self-regulate through the 3' UTR of its own mRNA. CONCLUSIONS Our studies have revealed the missing links in the mechanisms regulating oligodendrocyte development at the transcriptional level and after transcription. The results of our research have improved the understanding of fundamental cell fate decisions during oligodendrocyte lineage formation, which can enable insights into demyelination diseases and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wei
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaomin Dong
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanan You
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bo Hai
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raquel Cuevas-Diaz Duran
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Xizi Wu
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natasha Kharas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jia Qian Wu
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. .,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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17
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Curry RN, Glasgow SM. The Role of Neurodevelopmental Pathways in Brain Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659055. [PMID: 34012965 PMCID: PMC8127784 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions to developmental cell signaling pathways and transcriptional cascades have been implicated in tumor initiation, maintenance and progression. Resurgence of aberrant neurodevelopmental programs in the context of brain tumors highlights the numerous parallels that exist between developmental and oncologic mechanisms. A deeper understanding of how dysregulated developmental factors contribute to brain tumor oncogenesis and disease progression will help to identify potential therapeutic targets for these malignancies. In this review, we summarize the current literature concerning developmental signaling cascades and neurodevelopmentally-regulated transcriptional programs. We also examine their respective contributions towards tumor initiation, maintenance, and progression in both pediatric and adult brain tumors and highlight relevant differentiation therapies and putative candidates for prospective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N. Curry
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, TX, United States
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stacey M. Glasgow
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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18
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Olig2 regulates p53-mediated apoptosis, migration and invasion of melanoma cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7778. [PMID: 33833342 PMCID: PMC8032681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a disease with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis; therefore, the need for targeted therapeutics is steadily increasing. Oligodendrocyte transcription factor2 (Olig2) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is expressed in the central nervous system during embryonic development. Olig2 is overexpressed in various malignant cell lines such as lung carcinoma, glioma and melanoma. Olig2 is known as a key transcription factor that promotes tumor growth in malignant glioma. However, the role of Olig2 in melanoma is not well characterized. We analyzed the role of Olig2 in apoptosis, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells. We confirmed that Olig2 was overexpressed in melanoma cells and tissues. Reduction of Olig2 increased apoptosis in melanoma cells by increasing p53 level and caspase-3/-7 enzyme activity. In addition, downregulation of Olig2 suppressed migration and invasion of melanoma cells by inhibiting EMT. Reduction of Olig2 inhibited expression of MMP-1 and the enzyme activity of MMP-2/-9 induced by TGF-β. Moreover, Olig2 was involved in the downstream stages of MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT, which are major signaling pathways in metastatic progression of melanoma. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the crucial roles of Olig2 in apoptosis, migration, and invasion of melanoma and may help to further our understanding of the relationship between Olig2 and melanoma progression.
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19
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Tang X, Yu M, Liao C, Lan S, Fan Y. Induced neural stem cells-derived spinal cord progenitor cells as stable stage for rapid and efficient generation of human oligodendrocytes and motor neurons. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:206-214. [PMID: 32380866 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1670651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Previous studies have shown that oligodendrocytes and motor neurons have the same progenitors in the ventral spinal cord called spinal cord progenitor cells marked by oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (Olig2). However, it is difficult to identify the spinal cord progenitor cell in vitro as they are present transiently and further transform into other neuronal (interneuron) and glial (oligodendrocyte) lineages during development. In the present study, we try to generated Olig2+ spinal cord progenitor cells from human induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) and identify those spinal cord progenitor cells in vitro Materials and Methods: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were converted into induced neural stem cells (iNSCs), after they were identified by immunostaining using neural stem cell markers such as Nestin, Sox1, Sox2, iNSCs were transformed into Olig2+ spinal cord progenitor cells in 3 weeks by using small molecules. Results: Olig2+ spinal cord progenitor cells could expand for at least five passages and remained in a dividing state over a considerable period of time; in addition, the Olig2+ progenitor cells could mature into O4 and MBP positive oligodendrocytes and HB9 positive motor neurons in a short period. Conclusion: Our research provides a useful protocol for rapid generation of human oligodendrocytes and motor neurons from human iNSCs and demonstrates a progenitor cell model for exploring the origin of motor neurons and oligodendrocyte in vitro, which will contribute to research on the development of spinal cord and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihe Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of GuangXi Zhuang Autonomous Region , Nanning, Guanxi Province, China
| | - Meigang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People's Hospital of GuangXi Zhuang Autonomous Region , Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Cuifang Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of GuangXi Zhuang Autonomous Region , Nanning, Guanxi Province, China
| | - Shengyong Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of GuangXi Zhuang Autonomous Region , Nanning, Guanxi Province, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
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20
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Oproescu AM, Han S, Schuurmans C. New Insights Into the Intricacies of Proneural Gene Regulation in the Embryonic and Adult Cerebral Cortex. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:642016. [PMID: 33658912 PMCID: PMC7917194 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.642016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, the mammalian brain was thought to lack stem cells as no new neurons were found to be made in adulthood. That dogma changed ∼25 years ago with the identification of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult rodent forebrain. However, unlike rapidly self-renewing mature tissues (e.g., blood, intestinal crypts, skin), the majority of adult NSCs are quiescent, and those that become 'activated' are restricted to a few neurogenic zones that repopulate specific brain regions. Conversely, embryonic NSCs are actively proliferating and neurogenic. Investigations into the molecular control of the quiescence-to-proliferation-to-differentiation continuum in the embryonic and adult brain have identified proneural genes encoding basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) as critical regulators. These bHLH TFs initiate genetic programs that remove NSCs from quiescence and drive daughter neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to differentiate into specific neural cell subtypes, thereby contributing to the enormous cellular diversity of the adult brain. However, new insights have revealed that proneural gene activities are context-dependent and tightly regulated. Here we review how proneural bHLH TFs are regulated, with a focus on the murine cerebral cortex, drawing parallels where appropriate to other organisms and neural tissues. We discuss upstream regulatory events, post-translational modifications (phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation), protein-protein interactions, epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms that govern bHLH TF expression, stability, localization, and consequent transactivation of downstream target genes. These tight regulatory controls help to explain paradoxical findings of changes to bHLH activity in different cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Oproescu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences Platform, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sisu Han
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences Platform, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Schuurmans
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences Platform, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Chan JL, Kashanian A, Bannykh SI, Majlessipour F, Breunig JJ, Danielpour M. RELA Fusion-Positive Ependymoma in a Child with Down Syndrome: A Case Report. Pediatr Neurosurg 2021; 56:146-151. [PMID: 33690230 DOI: 10.1159/000511673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Down syndrome (DS) is the most common multiple malformation syndrome in humans and is associated with an increased risk of childhood malignancy, particularly leukemia. Incidence of brain tumors in patients with DS is limited to sporadic cases. We report the first case of a RELA fusion-positive ependymoma in a 3-year-old boy with DS. CASE PRESENTATION Imaging prompted by new left-sided hemiparesis demonstrated an 8-cm hemorrhagic right temporal-parietal mass. Subsequent image-complete resection confirmed a RELA fusion-positive anaplastic ependymoma with 90% OLIG2 staining. Postoperatively, the patient, unfortunately, experienced fatal recurrence and drop metastases with leptomeningeal involvement. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a confirmed RELA fusion-positive ependymoma in a child with DS. We discuss this finding in the context of intracranial tumors in children with DS, as well as the finding of 90% positive OLIG2 expression and its potential as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Chan
- Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alon Kashanian
- Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Serguei I Bannykh
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fataneh Majlessipour
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua J Breunig
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Moise Danielpour
- Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,
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22
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Koch MS, Czemmel S, Lennartz F, Beyeler S, Rajaraman S, Przystal JM, Govindarajan P, Canjuga D, Neumann M, Rizzu P, Zwirner S, Hoetker MS, Zender L, Walter B, Tatagiba M, Raineteau O, Heutink P, Nahnsen S, Tabatabai G. Experimental glioma with high bHLH expression harbor increased replicative stress and are sensitive toward ATR inhibition. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa115. [PMID: 33134924 PMCID: PMC7592426 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The overexpression of (basic)helix-loop-helix ((b)HLH) transcription factors (TFs) is frequent in malignant glioma. We investigated molecular effects upon disruption of the (b)HLH network by a dominant-negative variant of the E47 protein (dnE47). Our goal was to identify novel molecular subgroup-specific therapeutic strategies. Methods Glioma cell lines LN229, LNZ308, and GS-2/GS-9 were lentivirally transduced. Functional characterization included immunocytochemistry, immunoblots, cytotoxic, and clonogenic survival assays in vitro, and latency until neurological symptoms in vivo. Results of cap analysis gene expression and RNA-sequencing were further validated by immunoblot, flow cytometry, and functional assays in vitro. Results The induction of dnE47-RFP led to cytoplasmic sequestration of (b)HLH TFs and antiglioma activity in vitro and in vivo. Downstream molecular events, ie, alterations in transcription start site usage and in the transcriptome revealed enrichment of cancer-relevant pathways, particularly of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. Pharmacologic validation of this result using ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) inhibition led to a significantly enhanced early and late apoptotic effect compared with temozolomide alone. Conclusions Gliomas overexpressing (b)HLH TFs are sensitive toward inhibition of the ATR kinase. The combination of ATR inhibition plus temozolomide or radiation therapy in this molecular subgroup are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilin Sophia Koch
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Czemmel
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Lennartz
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Beyeler
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Translational Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Srinath Rajaraman
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Justyna Magdalena Przystal
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Translational Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Parameswari Govindarajan
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Denis Canjuga
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Neumann
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrizia Rizzu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Zwirner
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Stefan Hoetker
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Translational Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bianca Walter
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Translational Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcos Tatagiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olivier Raineteau
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven Nahnsen
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Translational Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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23
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Olig2 SUMOylation protects against genotoxic damage response by antagonizing p53 gene targeting. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:3146-3161. [PMID: 32483381 PMCID: PMC7560653 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of nuclear proteins, including transcription factors, nuclear receptors, and their coregulators, have attracted much attention in cancer research. Although phosphorylation of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2) may contribute to the notorious resistance of gliomas to radiation and genotoxic drugs, the precise mechanisms remain elusive. We show here that in addition to phosphorylation, Olig2 is also conjugated by small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 (SUMO1) at three lysine residues K27, K76, and K112. SUMOylation is required for Olig2 to suppress p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by genotoxic damage, and to enhance resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) in glioma. Both SUMOylation and triple serine motif (TSM) phosphorylation of Olig2 are required for the antiapoptotic function. Olig2 SUMOylation enhances its genetic targeting ability, which in turn occludes p53 recruitment to Cdkn1a promoter for DNA-damage responses. Our work uncovers a SUMOylation-dependent regulatory mechanism of Olig2 in regulating cancer survival.
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24
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He F, Wu H, Zhou L, Lin Q, Cheng Y, Sun YE. Tet2-mediated epigenetic drive for astrocyte differentiation from embryonic neural stem cells. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:30. [PMID: 32377393 PMCID: PMC7190615 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation and demethylation at CpG di-nucleotide sites plays important roles in cell fate specification of neural stem cells (NSCs). We have previously reported that DNA methyltransferases, Dnmt1and Dnmt3a, serve to suppress precocious astrocyte differentiation from NSCs via methylation of astroglial lineage genes. However, whether active DNA demethylase also participates in astrogliogenesis remains undetermined. In this study, we discovered that a Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) protein, Tet2, which was critically involved in active DNA demethylation through oxidation of 5-Methylcytosine (5mC), drove astrocyte differentiation from NSCs by demethylation of astroglial lineage genes including Gfap. Moreover, we found that an NSC-specific bHLH transcription factor Olig2 was an upstream inhibitor for Tet2 expression through direct association with the Tet2 promoter, and indirectly inhibited astrocyte differentiation. Our research not only revealed a brand-new function of Tet2 to promote NSC differentiation into astrocytes, but also a novel mechanism for Olig2 to inhibit astrocyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Liqiang Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Quan Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Yin Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Yi E. Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
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25
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KAGEYAMA R, OCHI S, SUEDA R, SHIMOJO H. The significance of gene expression dynamics in neural stem cell regulation. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 96:351-363. [PMID: 33041269 PMCID: PMC7581957 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.96.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) actively proliferate and generate neurons and glial cells (active state) in the embryonic brain, whereas they are mostly dormant (quiescent state) in the adult brain. The expression dynamics of Hes1 are different between active and quiescent NSCs. In active NSCs, Hes1 expression oscillates and periodically represses the expression of proneural genes such as Ascl1, thereby driving their oscillations. By contrast, in quiescent NSCs, Hes1 oscillations maintain expression at higher levels even at trough phases (thus continuous), thereby continuously suppressing proneural gene expression. High levels of Hes1 expression and the resultant suppression of Ascl1 promote the quiescent state of NSCs, whereas oscillatory Hes1 expression and the resultant oscillatory Ascl1 expression regulate their active state. Furthermore, in other developmental contexts, high, continuous Hes1 expression induces astrocyte differentiation or the formation of boundaries, which function as signaling centers. Thus, the expression dynamics of Hes1 are a key regulatory mechanism generating and maintaining various cell types in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichiro KAGEYAMA
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shohei OCHI
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Risa SUEDA
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi SHIMOJO
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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26
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Wang YZ, Fan H, Ji Y, Reynolds K, Gu R, Gan Q, Yamagami T, Zhao T, Hamad S, Bizen N, Takebayashi H, Chen Y, Wu S, Pleasure D, Lam K, Zhou CJ. Olig2 regulates terminal differentiation and maturation of peripheral olfactory sensory neurons. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 77:3597-3609. [PMID: 31758234 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The bHLH transcription factor Olig2 is required for sequential cell fate determination of both motor neurons and oligodendrocytes and for progenitor proliferation in the central nervous system. However, the role of Olig2 in peripheral sensory neurogenesis remains unknown. We report that Olig2 is transiently expressed in the newly differentiated olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and is down-regulated in the mature OSNs in mice from early gestation to adulthood. Genetic fate mapping demonstrates that Olig2-expressing cells solely give rise to OSNs in the peripheral olfactory system. Olig2 depletion does not affect the proliferation of peripheral olfactory progenitors and the fate determination of OSNs, sustentacular cells, and the olfactory ensheathing cells. However, the terminal differentiation and maturation of OSNs are compromised in either Olig2 single or Olig1/Olig2 double knockout mice, associated with significantly diminished expression of multiple OSN maturation and odorant signaling genes, including Omp, Gnal, Adcy3, and Olfr15. We further demonstrate that Olig2 binds to the E-box in the Omp promoter region to regulate its expression. Taken together, our results reveal a distinctly novel function of Olig2 in the periphery nervous system to regulate the terminal differentiation and maturation of olfactory sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Ji
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Kurt Reynolds
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Ran Gu
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Qini Gan
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Takashi Yamagami
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Salaheddin Hamad
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Norihisa Bizen
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - David Pleasure
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Kit Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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27
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Alameda F, Velarde JM, Carrato C, Vidal N, Arumí M, Naranjo D, Martinez-Garcia M, Ribalta T, Balañá C. Prognostic value of stem cell markers in glioblastoma. Biomarkers 2019; 24:677-683. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1652345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Alameda
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autonoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Velarde
- Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrato
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Noemí Vidal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Teresa Ribalta
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Balañá
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona, Spain
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28
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Xue Y, Zhan X, Sun S, Karuppagounder SS, Xia S, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Laterra J, Zhang J, Ying M. Synthetic mRNAs Drive Highly Efficient iPS Cell Differentiation to Dopaminergic Neurons. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:112-123. [PMID: 30387318 PMCID: PMC6344911 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proneural transcription factors (TFs) drive highly efficient differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to lineage-specific neurons. However, current strategies mainly rely on genome-integrating viruses. Here, we used synthetic mRNAs coding two proneural TFs (Atoh1 and Ngn2) to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. mRNAs coding Atoh1 and Ngn2 with defined phosphosite modifications led to higher and more stable protein expression, and induced more efficient neuron conversion, as compared to mRNAs coding wild-type proteins. Using these two modified mRNAs with morphogens, we established a 5-day protocol that can rapidly generate mDA neurons with >90% purity from normal and Parkinson's disease iPSCs. After in vitro maturation, these mRNA-induced mDA (miDA) neurons recapitulate key biochemical and electrophysiological features of primary mDA neurons and can provide high-content neuron cultures for drug discovery. Proteomic analysis of Atoh1-binding proteins identified the nonmuscle myosin II (NM-II) complex as a new binding partner of nuclear Atoh1. The NM-II complex, commonly known as an ATP-dependent molecular motor, binds more strongly to phosphosite-modified Atoh1 than the wild type. Blebbistatin, an NM-II complex antagonist, and bradykinin, an NM-II complex agonist, inhibited and promoted, respectively, the transcriptional activity of Atoh1 and the efficiency of miDA neuron generation. These findings established the first mRNA-driven strategy for efficient iPSC differentiation to mDA neurons. We further identified the NM-II complex as a positive modulator of Atoh1-driven neuron differentiation. The methodology described here will facilitate the development of mRNA-driven differentiation strategies for generating iPSC-derived progenies widely applicable to disease modeling and cell replacement therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:112&12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Xue
- Department of Immunology, Research Center on Pediatric Development and DiseasesInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyBeijingPeople's Republic of China
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy KriegerBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Xiping Zhan
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsHoward UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Shisheng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
| | - Senthilkumar S. Karuppagounder
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research FoundationNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Shuli Xia
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy KriegerBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Valina L. Dawson
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research FoundationNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of PhysiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research FoundationNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - John Laterra
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy KriegerBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center on Pediatric Development and DiseasesInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mingyao Ying
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy KriegerBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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29
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Lim Y, Cho IT, Shi X, Grinspan JB, Cho G, Golden JA. Arx Expression Suppresses Ventralization of the Developing Dorsal Forebrain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:226. [PMID: 30659230 PMCID: PMC6338776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early brain development requires a tight orchestration between neural tube patterning and growth. How pattern formation and brain growth are coordinated is incompletely understood. Previously we showed that aristaless-related homeobox (ARX), a paired-like transcription factor, regulates cortical progenitor pool expansion by repressing an inhibitor of cell cycle progression. Here we show that ARX participates in establishing dorsoventral identity in the mouse forebrain. In Arx mutant mice, ventral genes, including Olig2, are ectopically expressed dorsally. Furthermore, Gli1 is upregulated, suggesting an ectopic activation of SHH signaling. We show that the ectopic Olig2 expression can be repressed by blocking SHH signaling, implicating a role for SHH signaling in Olig2 induction. We further demonstrate that the ectopic Olig2 accounts for the reduced Pax6 and Tbr2 expression, both dorsal specific genes essential for cortical progenitor cell proliferation. These data suggest a link between the control of dorsoventral identity of progenitor cells and the control of their proliferation. In summary, our data demonstrate that ARX functions in a gene regulatory network integrating normal forebrain patterning and growth, providing important insight into how mutations in ARX can disrupt multiple aspects of brain development and thus generate a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes observed in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngshin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Il-Taeg Cho
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiuyu Shi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Judith B Grinspan
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ginam Cho
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jeffrey A Golden
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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30
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Sun L, Xia L, Wang M, Zhu D, Wang Y, Bi D, Song J, Ma C, Gao C, Zhang X, Sun Y, Wang X, Zhu C, Xing Q. Variants of the OLIG2 Gene are Associated with Cerebral Palsy in Chinese Han Infants with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 21:75-84. [PMID: 30178266 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a leading cause of neurological disability among young children. Congenial and adverse perinatal clinical conditions, such as genetic factors, perinatal infection, and asphyxia, are risk factors for CP. Oligodendrocyte transcription factor (OLIG2) is a protein that is expressed in brain oligodendrocyte cells and is involved in neuron repair after brain injury. In this study, we employed a Chinese Han cohort of 763 CP infants and 738 healthy controls to study the association of OLIG2 gene polymorphisms with CP. We found marginal association of the SNP rs6517135 with CP (p = 0.044) at the genotype level, and the association was greatly strengthened when we focused on the subgroup of CP infants who suffered from hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after birth, with p = 0.003 (OR = 0.558) at the allele level and p = 0.007 at the genotype level, indicating a risk-associated role of the T allele of the SNP rs6517135 under HIE conditions. The haplotype CTTG for rs6517135-rs1005573-rs6517137-rs9653711 in OLIG2 was also significantly associated with the occurrence of CP in infants with HIE (p = 0.01, OR = 0.521). Our results indicate that in the Han Chinese population, the polymorphisms of OLIG2 were associated with CP, especially in patients who had suffered HIE injury. This finding could be used to develop personalized care for infants with high susceptibility to CP.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Asian People/genetics
- Asphyxia Neonatorum/complications
- Case-Control Studies
- Cerebral Palsy/etiology
- Cerebral Palsy/genetics
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Fetal Growth Retardation/epidemiology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genotype
- Haplotypes/genetics
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/complications
- Infant
- Infant, Low Birth Weight
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/genetics
- Male
- Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2/deficiency
- Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2/genetics
- Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2/physiology
- Oligodendroglia/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology
- Risk
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
- Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mingtai Wang
- Nursing School, Sias International University, Zhengzhou, 451150, China
| | - Dengna Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Child Rehabilitation Center, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yangong Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Dan Bi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Juan Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Caiyun Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450053, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450053, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Zhengzhou University, Kangfuqian Street 7, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Qinghe Xing
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
- Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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31
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Griveau A, Seano G, Shelton SJ, Kupp R, Jahangiri A, Obernier K, Krishnan S, Lindberg OR, Yuen TJ, Tien AC, Sabo JK, Wang N, Chen I, Kloepper J, Larrouquere L, Ghosh M, Tirosh I, Huillard E, Alvarez-Buylla A, Oldham MC, Persson AI, Weiss WA, Batchelor TT, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Suvà ML, Phillips JJ, Aghi MK, Mehta S, Jain RK, Rowitch DH. A Glial Signature and Wnt7 Signaling Regulate Glioma-Vascular Interactions and Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:874-889.e7. [PMID: 29681511 PMCID: PMC6211172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas comprise heterogeneous malignant glial and stromal cells. While blood vessel co-option is a potential mechanism to escape anti-angiogenic therapy, the relevance of glial phenotype in this process is unclear. We show that Olig2+ oligodendrocyte precursor-like glioma cells invade by single-cell vessel co-option and preserve the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Conversely, Olig2-negative glioma cells form dense perivascular collections and promote angiogenesis and BBB breakdown, leading to innate immune cell activation. Experimentally, Olig2 promotes Wnt7b expression, a finding that correlates in human glioma profiling. Targeted Wnt7a/7b deletion or pharmacologic Wnt inhibition blocks Olig2+ glioma single-cell vessel co-option and enhances responses to temozolomide. Finally, Olig2 and Wnt7 become upregulated after anti-VEGF treatment in preclinical models and patients. Thus, glial-encoded pathways regulate distinct glioma-vascular microenvironmental interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Griveau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Giorgio Seano
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Samuel J Shelton
- Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert Kupp
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Arman Jahangiri
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kirsten Obernier
- Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shanmugarajan Krishnan
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Olle R Lindberg
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tracy J Yuen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - An-Chi Tien
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jennifer K Sabo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nancy Wang
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ivy Chen
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jonas Kloepper
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Louis Larrouquere
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mitrajit Ghosh
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Huillard
- ICM Brain and Spine Institute, 47 Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael C Oldham
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anders I Persson
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shwetal Mehta
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge and Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AN, UK.
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32
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Azzarelli R, Simons BD, Philpott A. The developmental origin of brain tumours: a cellular and molecular framework. Development 2018; 145:145/10/dev162693. [PMID: 29759978 PMCID: PMC6001369 DOI: 10.1242/dev.162693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of the nervous system relies on the coordinated regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The discovery that brain tumours contain a subpopulation of cells with stem/progenitor characteristics that are capable of sustaining tumour growth has emphasized the importance of understanding the cellular dynamics and the molecular pathways regulating neural stem cell behaviour. By focusing on recent work on glioma and medulloblastoma, we review how lineage tracing contributed to dissecting the embryonic origin of brain tumours and how lineage-specific mechanisms that regulate stem cell behaviour in the embryo may be subverted in cancer to achieve uncontrolled proliferation and suppression of differentiation. Summary: Lineage-tracing work in glioma and medulloblastoma reveals similarities between neuronal development and brain tumours, identifying potential new therapeutic avenues that exploit vulnerabilities in tumour growth patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Azzarelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.,Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.,The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.,Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Anna Philpott
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK .,Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
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33
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Dennis DJ, Han S, Schuurmans C. bHLH transcription factors in neural development, disease, and reprogramming. Brain Res 2018; 1705:48-65. [PMID: 29544733 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The formation of functional neural circuits in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) requires that appropriate numbers of the correct types of neuronal and glial cells are generated in their proper places and times during development. In the embryonic CNS, multipotent progenitor cells first acquire regional identities, and then undergo precisely choreographed temporal identity transitions (i.e. time-dependent changes in their identity) that determine how many neuronal and glial cells of each type they will generate. Transcription factors of the basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family have emerged as key determinants of neural cell fate specification and differentiation, ensuring that appropriate numbers of specific neuronal and glial cell types are produced. Recent studies have further revealed that the functions of these bHLH factors are strictly regulated. Given their essential developmental roles, it is not surprising that bHLH mutations and de-regulated expression are associated with various neurological diseases and cancers. Moreover, the powerful ability of bHLH factors to direct neuronal and glial cell fate specification and differentiation has been exploited in the relatively new field of cellular reprogramming, in which pluripotent stem cells or somatic stem cells are converted to neural lineages, often with a transcription factor-based lineage conversion strategy that includes one or more of the bHLH genes. These concepts are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Dennis
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N3M5, Canada
| | - Sisu Han
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N3M5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Schuurmans
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N3M5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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34
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Sagner A, Gaber ZB, Delile J, Kong JH, Rousso DL, Pearson CA, Weicksel SE, Melchionda M, Mousavy Gharavy SN, Briscoe J, Novitch BG. Olig2 and Hes regulatory dynamics during motor neuron differentiation revealed by single cell transcriptomics. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2003127. [PMID: 29389974 PMCID: PMC5811045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During tissue development, multipotent progenitors differentiate into specific cell types in characteristic spatial and temporal patterns. We addressed the mechanism linking progenitor identity and differentiation rate in the neural tube, where motor neuron (MN) progenitors differentiate more rapidly than other progenitors. Using single cell transcriptomics, we defined the transcriptional changes associated with the transition of neural progenitors into MNs. Reconstruction of gene expression dynamics from these data indicate a pivotal role for the MN determinant Olig2 just prior to MN differentiation. Olig2 represses expression of the Notch signaling pathway effectors Hes1 and Hes5. Olig2 repression of Hes5 appears to be direct, via a conserved regulatory element within the Hes5 locus that restricts expression from MN progenitors. These findings reveal a tight coupling between the regulatory networks that control patterning and neuronal differentiation and demonstrate how Olig2 acts as the developmental pacemaker coordinating the spatial and temporal pattern of MN generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary B. Gaber
- Department of Neurobiology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Jennifer H. Kong
- Department of Neurobiology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David L. Rousso
- Department of Neurobiology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Caroline A. Pearson
- Department of Neurobiology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Weicksel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Bennett G. Novitch
- Department of Neurobiology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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35
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Mehta S, Lo Cascio C. Developmentally regulated signaling pathways in glioma invasion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:385-402. [PMID: 28821904 PMCID: PMC5765207 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common, infiltrative, and lethal primary brain tumors affecting the adult population. The grim prognosis for this disease is due to a combination of the presence of highly invasive tumor cells that escape surgical resection and the presence of a population of therapy-resistant cancer stem cells found within these tumors. Several studies suggest that glioma cells have cleverly hijacked the normal developmental program of neural progenitor cells, including their transcriptional programs, to enhance gliomagenesis. In this review, we summarize the role of developmentally regulated signaling pathways that have been found to facilitate glioma growth and invasion. Furthermore, we discuss how the microenvironment and treatment-induced perturbations of these highly interconnected signaling networks can trigger a shift in cellular phenotype and tumor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetal Mehta
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
| | - Costanza Lo Cascio
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
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36
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A Sequentially Priming Phosphorylation Cascade Activates the Gliomagenic Transcription Factor Olig2. Cell Rep 2017; 18:3167-3177. [PMID: 28355568 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During development of the vertebrate CNS, the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Olig2 sustains replication competence of progenitor cells that give rise to neurons and oligodendrocytes. A pathological counterpart of this developmental function is seen in human glioma, wherein Olig2 is required for maintenance of stem-like cells that drive tumor growth. The mitogenic/gliomagenic functions of Olig2 are regulated by phosphorylation of a triple serine motif (S10, S13, and S14) in the amino terminus. Here, we identify a set of three serine/threonine protein kinases (glycogen synthase kinase 3α/β [GSK3α/β], casein kinase 2 [CK2], and cyclin-dependent kinases 1/2 [CDK1/2]) that are, collectively, both necessary and sufficient to phosphorylate the triple serine motif. We show that phosphorylation of the motif itself serves as a template to prime phosphorylation of additional serines and creates a highly charged "acid blob" in the amino terminus of Olig2. Finally, we show that small molecule inhibitors of this forward-feeding phosphorylation cascade have potential as glioma therapeutics.
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37
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Kupp R, Shtayer L, Tien AC, Szeto E, Sanai N, Rowitch DH, Mehta S. Lineage-Restricted OLIG2-RTK Signaling Governs the Molecular Subtype of Glioma Stem-like Cells. Cell Rep 2017; 16:2838-2845. [PMID: 27626655 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor OLIG2 is a master regulator of oligodendroglial fate decisions and tumorigenic competence of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying dysregulation of OLIG2 function during gliomagenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we show that OLIG2 modulates growth factor signaling in two distinct populations of GSCs, characterized by expression of either the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα). Biochemical analyses of OLIG2 function in normal and malignant neural progenitors reveal a positive feedforward loop between OLIG2 and EGFR to sustain co-expression. Furthermore, loss of OLIG2 function results in mesenchymal transformation in PDGFRα(HIGH) GSCs, a phenomenon that appears to be circumscribed in EGFR(HIGH) GSCs. Exploitation of OLIG2's dual and antithetical, pro-mitotic (EGFR-driven), and lineage-specifying (PDGFRα-driven) functions by glioma cells appears to be critical for sustaining growth factor signaling and GSC molecular subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kupp
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Lior Shtayer
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - An-Chi Tien
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Emily Szeto
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Nader Sanai
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - David H Rowitch
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Shwetal Mehta
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
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38
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Kosty J, Lu F, Kupp R, Mehta S, Lu QR. Harnessing OLIG2 function in tumorigenicity and plasticity to target malignant gliomas. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1654-1660. [PMID: 28806136 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1361062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and malignant brain tumor, displaying notorious resistance to conventional therapy, partially due to molecular and genetic heterogeneity. Understanding the mechanisms for gliomagenesis, tumor stem/progenitor cell propagation and phenotypic diversity is critical for devising effective and targeted therapy for this lethal disease. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor OLIG2, which is universally expressed in gliomas, has emerged as an important player in GBM cell reprogramming, genotoxic resistance, and tumor phenotype plasticity. In an animal model of proneural GBM, elimination of mitotic OLIG2+ progenitors blocks tumor growth, suggesting that these progenitors are a seeding source for glioma propagation. OLIG2 deletion reduces tumor growth and causes an oligodendrocytic to astrocytic phenotype shift, with PDGFRα downregulation and reciprocal EGFR signaling upregulation, underlying alternative pathways in tumor recurrence. In patient-derived glioma stem cells (GSC), knockdown of OLIG2 leads to downregulation of PDGFRα, while OLIG2 silencing results in a shift from proneural-to-classical gene expression pattern or a proneural-to-mesenchymal transition in distinct GSC cell lines, where OLIG2 appears to regulate EGFR expression in a context-dependent manner. In addition, post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation by a series of protein kinases regulates OLIG2 activity in glioma cell growth and invasive behaviors. In this perspective, we will review the role of OLIG2 in tumor initiation, proliferation and phenotypic plasticity in animal models of gliomas and human GSC cell lines, and discuss the underlying mechanisms in the control of tumor growth and potential therapeutic strategies to target OLIG2 in malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kosty
- a Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology & Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Department of Neurosurgery , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Fanghui Lu
- a Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology & Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,c National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Centre for Cell and Gene Therapy of Academy of Medical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Robert Kupp
- d Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center , Phoenix , AZ , USA.,e Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute , University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre , Cambridge , UK
| | - Shwetal Mehta
- d Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Q Richard Lu
- a Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology & Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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39
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Ficarro SB, Alexander WM, Marto JA. mzStudio: A Dynamic Digital Canvas for User-Driven Interrogation of Mass Spectrometry Data. Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5030020. [PMID: 28763045 PMCID: PMC5620537 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although not yet truly ‘comprehensive’, modern mass spectrometry-based experiments can generate quantitative data for a meaningful fraction of the human proteome. Importantly for large-scale protein expression analysis, robust data pipelines are in place for identification of un-modified peptide sequences and aggregation of these data to protein-level quantification. However, interoperable software tools that enable scientists to computationally explore and document novel hypotheses for peptide sequence, modification status, or fragmentation behavior are not well-developed. Here, we introduce mzStudio, an open-source Python module built on our multiplierz project. This desktop application provides a highly-interactive graphical user interface (GUI) through which scientists can examine and annotate spectral features, re-search existing PSMs to test different modifications or new spectral matching algorithms, share results with colleagues, integrate other domain-specific software tools, and finally create publication-quality graphics. mzStudio leverages our common application programming interface (mzAPI) for access to native data files from multiple instrument platforms, including ion trap, quadrupole time-of-flight, Orbitrap, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, and triple quadrupole mass spectrometers and is compatible with several popular search engines including Mascot, Proteome Discoverer, X!Tandem, and Comet. The mzStudio toolkit enables researchers to create a digital provenance of data analytics and other evidence that support specific peptide sequence assignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Ficarro
- Department of Cancer Biology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - William M Alexander
- Department of Cancer Biology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Sun Y, Alberta JA, Pilarz C, Calligaris D, Chadwick EJ, Ramkissoon SH, Ramkissoon LA, Garcia VM, Mazzola E, Goumnerova L, Kane M, Yao Z, Kieran MW, Ligon KL, Hahn WC, Garraway LA, Rosen N, Gray NS, Agar NY, Buhrlage SJ, Segal RA, Stiles CD. A brain-penetrant RAF dimer antagonist for the noncanonical BRAF oncoprotein of pediatric low-grade astrocytomas. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:774-785. [PMID: 28082416 PMCID: PMC5464455 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activating mutations or structural rearrangements in BRAF are identified in roughly 75% of all pediatric low-grade astrocytomas (PLGAs). However, first-generation RAF inhibitors approved for adult melanoma have poor blood-brain penetrance and are only effective on tumors that express the canonical BRAFV600E oncoprotein, which functions as a monomer. These drugs (type I antagonists that target the "DFG-in" conformation of the kinase) fail to block signaling via KIAA1549:BRAF, a truncation/fusion BRAF oncoprotein which functions as a dimer and is found in the most common form of PLGA. Methods A panel of small molecule RAF inhibitors (including type II inhibitors, targeting the "DFG-out" conformation of the kinase) was screened for drugs showing efficacy on murine models of PLGA and on authentic human PLGA cells expressing KIAA1549:BRAF. Results We identify a type II RAF inhibitor that serves as an equipotent antagonist of BRAFV600E, KIAA1549:BRAF, and other noncanonical BRAF oncoproteins that function as dimers. This drug (MLN2480, also known as TAK-580) has good brain penetrance and is active on authentic human PLGA cells in brain organotypic cultures. Conclusion MLN2480 may be an effective therapeutic for BRAF mutant pediatric astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John A Alberta
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine Pilarz
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Calligaris
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily J Chadwick
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shakti H Ramkissoon
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lori A Ramkissoon
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Veronica Matia Garcia
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emanuele Mazzola
- Department of Biostatistics & Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liliana Goumnerova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Kane
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhan Yao
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and Center for Mechanism Based Therapeutics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Mark W Kieran
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Levi A Garraway
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neal Rosen
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and Center for Mechanism Based Therapeutics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathalie Y Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara J Buhrlage
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rosalind A Segal
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles D Stiles
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tan BT, Jiang L, Liu L, Yin Y, Luo ZRX, Long ZY, Li S, Yu LH, Wu YM, Liu Y. Local injection of Lenti-Olig2 at lesion site promotes functional recovery of spinal cord injury in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:475-487. [PMID: 28452182 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Olig2 is one of the most critical factors during CNS development, which belongs to b-HLH transcription factor family. Previous reports have shown that Olig2 regulates the remyelination processes in CNS demyelination diseases models. However, the role of Olig2 in contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) and the possible therapeutic effects remain obscure. This study aims to investigate the effects of overexpression Olig2 by lentivirus on adult spinal cord injury rats. METHODS Lenti-Olig2 expression and control Lenti-eGFP vectors were prepared, and virus in a total of 5 μL (108 TU/mL) was locally injected into the injured spinal cord 1.5 mm rostral and caudal near the epicenter. Immunostaining, Western blot, electron microscopy, and CatWalk analyzes were employed to investigate the effects of Olig2 on spinal cord tissue repair and functional recovery. RESULTS Injection of Lenti-Olig2 significantly increased the number of oligodendrocytes lineage cells and enhanced myelination after SCI. More importantly, the introduction of Olig2 greatly improved hindlimb locomotor performances. Other oligodendrocyte-related transcription factors, which were downregulated or upregulated after injury, were reversed by Olig2 induction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided the evidence that overexpression Olig2 promotes myelination and locomotor recovery of contusion SCI, which gives us more understanding of Olig2 on spinal cord injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Tao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Brain, The Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ze-Ru-Xin Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zai-Yun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Le-Hua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Andrés-Benito P, Moreno J, Aso E, Povedano M, Ferrer I. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, gene deregulation in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and frontal cortex area 8: implications in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:823-851. [PMID: 28283675 PMCID: PMC5391234 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptome arrays identifies 747 genes differentially expressed in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and 2,300 genes differentially expressed in frontal cortex area 8 in a single group of typical sALS cases without frontotemporal dementia compared with age-matched controls. Main up-regulated clusters in the anterior horn are related to inflammation and apoptosis; down-regulated clusters are linked to axoneme structures and protein synthesis. In contrast, up-regulated gene clusters in frontal cortex area 8 involve neurotransmission, synaptic proteins and vesicle trafficking, whereas main down-regulated genes cluster into oligodendrocyte function and myelin-related proteins. RT-qPCR validates the expression of 58 of 66 assessed genes from different clusters. The present results: a. reveal regional differences in de-regulated gene expression between the anterior horn of the spinal cord and frontal cortex area 8 in the same individuals suffering from sALS; b. validate and extend our knowledge about the complexity of the inflammatory response in the anterior horn of the spinal cord; and c. identify for the first time extensive gene up-regulation of neurotransmission and synaptic-related genes, together with significant down-regulation of oligodendrocyte- and myelin-related genes, as important contributors to the pathogenesis of frontal cortex alterations in the sALS/frontotemporal lobar degeneration spectrum complex at stages with no apparent cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Andrés-Benito
- Institute of Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jesús Moreno
- Institute of Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ester Aso
- Institute of Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Mónica Povedano
- Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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Edwards AL, Meijer DH, Guerra RM, Molenaar RJ, Alberta JA, Bernal F, Bird GH, Stiles CD, Walensky LD. Challenges in Targeting a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor with Hydrocarbon-Stapled Peptides. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:3146-3153. [PMID: 27643505 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play critical roles in organism development and disease by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Transcriptional activity, whether by bHLH homo- or heterodimerization, is dependent on protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions mediated by α-helices. Thus, α-helical decoys have been proposed as potential targeted therapies for pathologic bHLH transcription. Here, we developed a library of stabilized α-helices of OLIG2 (SAH-OLIG2) to test the capacity of hydrocarbon-stapled peptides to disrupt OLIG2 homodimerization, which drives the development and chemoresistance of glioblastoma multiforme, one of the deadliest forms of human brain cancer. Although stapling successfully reinforced the α-helical structure of bHLH constructs of varying length, sequence-specific dissociation of OLIG2 dimers from DNA was not achieved. Re-evaluation of the binding determinants for OLIG2 self-association and stability revealed an unanticipated role of the C-terminal domain. These data highlight potential pitfalls in peptide-based targeting of bHLH transcription factors given the liabilities of their positively charged amino acid sequences and multifactorial binding determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Edwards
- Department
of Pediatric Oncology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Dimphna H. Meijer
- Department
of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Rachel M. Guerra
- Department
of Pediatric Oncology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Remco J. Molenaar
- Department
of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John A. Alberta
- Department
of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Federico Bernal
- Department
of Pediatric Oncology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Gregory H. Bird
- Department
of Pediatric Oncology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Charles D. Stiles
- Department
of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Loren D. Walensky
- Department
of Pediatric Oncology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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Shirakawa M, Ueda H, Shimada T, Hara-Nishimura I. FAMA: A Molecular Link between Stomata and Myrosin Cells. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:861-871. [PMID: 27477926 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants use sophisticated defense strategies against herbivores, including the myrosinase-glucosinolate system in Brassicales plants. This system sequesters myrosinase in myrosin cells, which are idioblasts in inner leaf tissues, and produces a toxic compound when cells are damaged by herbivores. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying myrosin cell development are largely unknown, recent studies have revealed that two key components, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (FAMA) and vesicle trafficking factors (such as SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS 22), regulate the differentiation and fate determination of myrosin cells. FAMA also functions as a master regulator of guard cell (GC) differentiation. In this review, we discuss how FAMA operates two distinct genetic programs: the generation of myrosin cells in inner plant tissue and GCs in the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Shirakawa
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Haruko Ueda
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shimada
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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45
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Regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation: Insights and approaches for the management of neurodegenerative disease. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2016; 23:203-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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46
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Tsigelny IF, Kouznetsova VL, Lian N, Kesari S. Molecular mechanisms of OLIG2 transcription factor in brain cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:53074-53101. [PMID: 27447975 PMCID: PMC5288170 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) plays a pivotal role in glioma development. Here we conducted a comprehensive study of the critical gene regulatory networks involving OLIG2. These include the networks responsible for OLIG2 expression, its translocation to nucleus, cell cycle, epigenetic regulation, and Rho-pathway interactions. We described positive feedback loops including OLIG2: loops of epigenetic regulation and loops involving receptor tyrosine kinases. These loops may be responsible for the prolonged oncogenic activity of OLIG2. The proposed schemes for epigenetic regulation of the gene networks involving OLIG2 are confirmed by patient survival (Kaplan-Meier) curves based on the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) datasets. Finally, we elucidate the Coherent-Gene Modules (CGMs) networks-framework of OLIG2 involvement in cancer. We showed that genes interacting with OLIG2 formed eight CGMs having a set of intermodular connections. We showed also that among the genes involved in these modules the most connected hub is EGFR, then, on lower level, HSP90 and CALM1, followed by three lower levels including epigenetic genes KDM1A and NCOR1. The genes on the six upper levels of the hierarchy are involved in interconnections of all eight CGMs and organize functionally defined gene-signaling subnetworks having specific functions. For example, CGM1 is involved in epigenetic control. CGM2 is significantly related to cell proliferation and differentiation. CGM3 includes a number of interconnected helix-loop-helix transcription factors (bHLH) including OLIG2. Many of these TFs are partially controlled by OLIG2. The CGM4 is involved in PDGF-related: angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation and differentiation. These analyses provide testable hypotheses and approaches to inhibit OLIG2 pathway and relevant feed-forward and feedback loops to be interrogated. This broad approach can be applied to other TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor F. Tsigelny
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0752, CA, USA
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0505, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Valentina L. Kouznetsova
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0505, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Lian
- REHS, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0505, CA, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, 90404, CA, USA
- Pacific Neuroscience Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, 90404, CA, USA
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Singh SK, Fiorelli R, Kupp R, Rajan S, Szeto E, Lo Cascio C, Maire CL, Sun Y, Alberta JA, Eschbacher JM, Ligon KL, Berens ME, Sanai N, Mehta S. Post-translational Modifications of OLIG2 Regulate Glioma Invasion through the TGF-β Pathway. Cell Rep 2016; 16:950-966. [PMID: 27396340 PMCID: PMC4963280 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In glioblastoma, invasion and proliferation are presumed to be mutually exclusive events; however, the molecular mechanisms that mediate this switch at the cellular level remain elusive. Previously, we have shown that phospho-OLIG2, a central-nervous-system-specific transcription factor, is essential for tumor growth and proliferation. Here, we show that the modulation of OLIG2 phosphorylation can trigger a switch between proliferation and invasion. Glioma cells with unphosphorylated OLIG2(S10, S13, S14) are highly migratory and invasive, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, unphosphorylated OLIG2 induces TGF-β2 expression and promotes invasive mesenchymal properties in glioma cells. Inhibition of the TGF-β2 pathway blocks this OLIG2-dependent invasion. Furthermore, ectopic expression of phosphomimetic Olig2 is sufficient to block TGF-β2-mediated invasion and reduce expression of invasion genes (ZEB1 and CD44). Our results not only provide a mechanistic insight into how cells switch from proliferation to invasion but also offer therapeutic opportunities for inhibiting dissemination of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv K Singh
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Roberto Fiorelli
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Robert Kupp
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Sindhu Rajan
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Emily Szeto
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Costanza Lo Cascio
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Cecile L Maire
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John A Alberta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer M Eschbacher
- Division of Neuropathology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael E Berens
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Nader Sanai
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Shwetal Mehta
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
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Lien HW, Yuan RY, Chou CM, Chen YC, Hung CC, Hu CH, Hwang SPL, Hwang PP, Shen CN, Chen CL, Cheng CH, Huang CJ. Zebrafish cyclin Dx is required for development of motor neuron progenitors, and its expression is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 2α. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28297. [PMID: 27323909 PMCID: PMC4915019 DOI: 10.1038/srep28297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclins play a central role in cell-cycle regulation; in mammals, the D family of cyclins consists of cyclin D1, D2, and D3. In Xenopus, only homologs of cyclins D1 and D2 have been reported, while a novel cyclin, cyclin Dx (ccndx), was found to be required for the maintenance of motor neuron progenitors during embryogenesis. It remains unknown whether zebrafish possess cyclin D3 or cyclin Dx. In this study, we identified a zebrafish ccndx gene encoding a protein which can form a complex with Cdk4. Through whole-mount in situ hybridization, we observed that zccndx mRNA is expressed in the motor neurons of hindbrain and spinal cord during development. Analysis of a 4-kb promoter sequence of the zccndx gene revealed the presence of HRE sites, which can be regulated by HIF2α. Morpholino knockdown of zebrafish Hif2α and cyclin Dx resulted in the abolishment of isl1 and oligo2 expression in the precursors of motor neurons, and also disrupted axon growth. Overexpression of cyclin Dx mRNA in Hif2α morphants partially rescued zccndx expression. Taken together, our data indicate that zebrafish cyclin Dx plays a role in maintaining the precursors of motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Wei Lien
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Rey-Yue Yuan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Chou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chun Hung
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hwa Hu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ping L Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Shen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Jen Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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49
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Bunk EC, Ertaylan G, Ortega F, Pavlou MA, Gonzalez Cano L, Stergiopoulos A, Safaiyan S, Völs S, van Cann M, Politis PK, Simons M, Berninger B, Del Sol A, Schwamborn JC. Prox1 Is Required for Oligodendrocyte Cell Identity in Adult Neural Stem Cells of the Subventricular Zone. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2115-29. [PMID: 27068685 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Adult neural stem cells with the ability to generate neurons and glia cells are active throughout life in both the dentate gyrus (DG) and the subventricular zone (SVZ). Differentiation of adult neural stem cells is induced by cell fate determinants like the transcription factor Prox1. Evidence has been provided for a function of Prox1 as an inducer of neuronal differentiation within the DG. We now show that within the SVZ Prox1 induces differentiation into oligodendrocytes. Moreover, we find that loss of Prox1 expression in vivo reduces cell migration into the corpus callosum, where the few Prox1 deficient SVZ-derived remaining cells fail to differentiate into oligodendrocytes. Thus, our work uncovers a novel function of Prox1 as a fate determinant for oligodendrocytes in the adult mammalian brain. These data indicate that the neurogenic and oligodendrogliogenic lineages in the two adult neurogenic niches exhibit a distinct requirement for Prox1, being important for neurogenesis in the DG but being indispensable for oligodendrogliogenesis in the SVZ. Stem Cells 2016;34:2115-2129.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Bunk
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gökhan Ertaylan
- Computational Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and the Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Pavlou
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Laura Gonzalez Cano
- Computational Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Shima Safaiyan
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Völs
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marianne van Cann
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Panagiotis K Politis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Mikael Simons
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Berninger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and the Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonio Del Sol
- Computational Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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50
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Spatiotemporal Expression and Molecular Characterization of miR-344b and miR-344c in the Developing Mouse Brain. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:1951250. [PMID: 27034842 PMCID: PMC4791505 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1951250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA known to regulate brain development. The expression of two novel miRNAs, namely, miR-344b and miR-344c, was characterized during mouse brain developmental stages in this study. In situ hybridization analysis showed that miR-344b and miR-344c were expressed in the germinal layer during embryonic brain developmental stages. In contrast, miR-344b was not detectable in the adult brain while miR-344c was expressed exclusively in the adult olfactory bulb and cerebellar granular layer. Stem-loop RT-qPCR analysis of whole brain RNAs showed that expression of the miR-344b and miR-344c was increased as brain developed throughout the embryonic stage and maintained at adulthood. Further investigation showed that these miRNAs were expressed in adult organs, where miR-344b and miR-344c were highly expressed in pancreas and brain, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis suggested miR-344b and miR-344c targeted Olig2 and Otx2 mRNAs, respectively. However, luciferase experiments demonstrated that these miRNAs did not target Olig2 and Otx2 mRNAs. Further investigation on the locality of miR-344b and miR-344c showed that both miRNAs were localized in nuclei of immature neurons. In conclusion, miR-344b and miR-344c were expressed spatiotemporally during mouse brain developmental stages.
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