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Atoki AV, Aja PM, Shinkafi TS, Ondari EN, Awuchi CG. Naringenin: its chemistry and roles in neuroprotection. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:637-666. [PMID: 37585716 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2243089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
According to epidemiological research, as the population ages, neurological illnesses are becoming a bigger issue. Despite improvements in the treatment of these diseases, there are still widespread worries about how to find a long-lasting remedy. Several neurological diseases can be successfully treated with natural substances. As a result, current research has been concentrated on finding effective neuroprotective drugs with improved efficacy and fewer side effects. Naringenin is one potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Many citrus fruits, tomatoes, bergamots, and other fruits are rich in naringenin, a flavonoid. This phytochemical is linked to a variety of biological functions. Naringenin has attracted a lot of interest for its ability to exhibit neuroprotection through several mechanisms. In the current article, we present evidence from the literature that naringenin reduces neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in brain tissues. Also, the literatures that are currently accessible shows that naringenin reduces neuroinflammation and other neurological anomalies. Additionally, we found several studies that touted naringenin as a promising anti-amyloidogenic, antidepressant, and neurotrophic treatment option. This review's major goal is to reflect on advancements in knowledge of the molecular processes that underlie naringenin's possible neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, this article also provides highlights of Naringenin with respect to its chemistry and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Maduabuchi Aja
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | - Erick Nyakundi Ondari
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya
| | - Chinaza Godswill Awuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
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2
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Javed H, Meeran MFN, Jha NK, Ashraf GM, Ojha S. Sesamol: A Phenolic Compound of Health Benefits and Therapeutic Promise in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:797-809. [PMID: 38141184 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266273944231213070916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Sesamol, one of the key bioactive ingredients of sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.), is responsible for many of its possible nutritional benefits. Both the Chinese and Indian medical systems have recognized the therapeutic potential of sesame seeds. It has been shown to have significant therapeutic potential against oxidative stress, inflammatory diseases, metabolic syndrome, neurodegeneration, and mental disorders. Sesamol is a benign molecule that inhibits the expression of inflammatory indicators like numerous enzymes responsible for inducing inflammation, protein kinases, cytokines, and redox status. This review summarises the potential beneficial effects of sesamol against neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Recently, sesamol has been shown to reduce amyloid peptide accumulation and attenuate cognitive deficits in AD models. Sesamol has also been demonstrated to reduce the severity of PD and HD in animal models by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. The mechanism of sesamol's pharmacological activities against neurodegenerative diseases will also be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayate Javed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, UP, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Madiha S, Batool Z, Shahzad S, Tabassum S, Liaquat L, Afzal A, Sadir S, Sajid I, Mehdi BJ, Ahmad S, Haider S. Naringenin, a Functional Food Component, Improves Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in Animal Model of Parkinsonism Induced by Rotenone. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:654-661. [PMID: 37796415 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and other age-related neurodegenerative ailments have a strong link to oxidative stress. Bioflavonoid naringenin has antioxidant properties. The effects of pre- and post-naringenin supplementation on a rotenone-induced PD model were examined in this work. Naringenin (50 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered to rats for two weeks before the administration of rotenone in the pre-treatment phase. In contrast, rotenone (1.5 mg/kg, s.c.) was administered for eight days before naringenin (50 mg/kg, p.o.) was supplemented for two weeks in the post-treatment phase. During behavioral investigation, the motor and non-motor signs of PD were observed. Additionally, estimation of neurochemical and biochemical parameters was also carried out. Compared to controls, rotenone treatment substantially increased oxidative stress, altered neurotransmitters, and caused motor and non-motor impairments. Rotenone-induced motor and non-motor impairments were considerably reduced by naringenin supplementation. The supplementation also increased antioxidant enzyme activities and restored the changes in neurotransmitter levels. The findings of this work strongly imply that daily consumption of flavonoids such as naringenin may have a therapeutic potential to combat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Madiha
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Batool
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Sidrah Shahzad
- Pakistan Navy Medical Training School and College, PNS Shifa, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saiqa Tabassum
- Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zuifiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Laraib Liaquat
- Multidisciplinary Research Lab, Bahria University Health Sciences Campus, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asia Afzal
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Sadir
- Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zuifiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Sajid
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Jabeen Mehdi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saara Ahmad
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saida Haider
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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4
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Phukan BC, Roy R, Gahatraj I, Bhattacharya P, Borah A. Therapeutic considerations of bioactive compounds in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: Dissecting the molecular pathways. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5657-5699. [PMID: 37823581 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Leading neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are characterized by the impairment of memory and motor functions, respectively. Despite several breakthroughs, there exists a lack of disease-modifying treatment strategies for these diseases, as the available drugs provide symptomatic relief and bring along side effects. Bioactive compounds are reported to bear neuroprotective properties with minimal toxicity, however, a detailed elucidation of their modes of neuroprotection is lacking. The review elucidates the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of some of the major phyto-compounds in pre-clinical and clinical studies of AD and PD to understand their potential in combating these diseases. Curcumin, eugenol, resveratrol, baicalein, sesamol and so on have proved efficient in countering the pathological hallmarks of AD and PD. Curcumin, resveratrol, caffeine and so on have reached the clinical phases of these diseases, while aromadendrin, delphinidin, cyanidin and xanthohumol are yet to be extensively explored in pre-clinical phases. The review highlights the need for extensive investigation of these compounds in the clinical stages of these diseases so as to utilize their disease-modifying abilities in the real field of treatment. Moreover, poor pharmacokinetic properties of natural compounds are constraints to their therapeutic yields and this review suggests a plausible contribution of nanotechnology in overcoming these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubina Roy
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Indira Gahatraj
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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5
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Kumari N, Anand S, Shah K, Chauhan NS, Sethiya NK, Singhal M. Emerging Role of Plant-Based Bioactive Compounds as Therapeutics in Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:7588. [PMID: 38005310 PMCID: PMC10673433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological ailments, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), epilepsy, Parkinson's disease (PD), and other related diseases, have affected around 1 billion people globally to date. PD stands second among the common neurodegenerative diseases caused as a result of dopaminergic neuron loss in the midbrain's substantia nigra regions. It affects cognitive and motor activities, resulting in tremors during rest, slow movement, and muscle stiffness. There are various traditional approaches for the management of PD, but they provide only symptomatic relief. Thus, a survey for finding new biomolecules or substances exhibiting the therapeutic potential to patients with PD is the main focus of present-day research. Medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and natural bioactive molecules have been gaining much more attention in recent years as synthetic molecules orchestrate a number of undesired effects. Several in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies in the recent past have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and plant-based bioactives. Among the plant-based bioactives, polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids are of particular interest due to their potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and brain-health-promoting properties. Further, there are no concise, elaborated articles comprising updated mechanism-of-action-based reviews of the published literature on potent, recently investigated (2019-2023) medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and plant based-bioactive molecules, including polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids, as a method for the management of PD. Therefore, we designed the current review to provide an illustration of the efficacious role of various medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and bioactives (polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids) that can become potential therapeutics against PD with greater specificity, target approachability, bioavailability, and safety to the host. This information can be further utilized in the future to develop several value-added formulations and nutraceutical products to achieve the desired safety and efficacy for the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India;
| | - Santosh Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India;
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | | | - Neeraj K. Sethiya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical and Populations Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Manmohan Singhal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical and Populations Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India;
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Silvestro S, Raffaele I, Mazzon E. Modulating Stress Proteins in Response to Therapeutic Interventions for Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16233. [PMID: 38003423 PMCID: PMC10671288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative illness characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in motor symptoms and without debilitating motors. A hallmark of this condition is the accumulation of misfolded proteins, a phenomenon that drives disease progression. In this regard, heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a central role in the cellular response to stress, shielding cells from damage induced by protein aggregates and oxidative stress. As a result, researchers have become increasingly interested in modulating these proteins through pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions. This review aims to provide an overview of the preclinical experiments performed over the last decade in this research field. Specifically, it focuses on preclinical studies that center on the modulation of stress proteins for the treatment potential of PD. The findings display promise in targeting HSPs to ameliorate PD outcomes. Despite the complexity of HSPs and their co-chaperones, proteins such as HSP70, HSP27, HSP90, and glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) may be efficacious in slowing or preventing disease progression. Nevertheless, clinical validation is essential to confirm the safety and effectiveness of these preclinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (S.S.); (I.R.)
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Wang D, Qu S, Zhang Z, Tan L, Chen X, Zhong HJ, Chong CM. Strategies targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress to improve Parkinson's disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1288894. [PMID: 38026955 PMCID: PMC10667558 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1288894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with motor symptoms, which is caused by the progressive death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Accumulating evidence shows that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurring in the SNpc DA neurons is an early event in the development of PD. ER stress triggers the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) to reduce stress and restore ER function. However, excessive and continuous ER stress and UPR exacerbate the risk of DA neuron death through crosstalk with other PD events. Thus, ER stress is considered a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of PD. Various strategies targeting ER stress through the modulation of UPR signaling, the increase of ER's protein folding ability, and the enhancement of protein degradation are developed to alleviate neuronal death in PD models. In this review, we summarize the pathological role of ER stress in PD and update the strategies targeting ER stress to improve ER protein homeostasis and PD-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shuhui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hai-Jing Zhong
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheong-Meng Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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8
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Singh N, Vishwas S, Kaur A, Kaur H, Kakoty V, Khursheed R, Chaitanya MVNL, Babu MR, Awasthi A, Corrie L, Harish V, Yanadaiah P, Gupta S, Sayed AA, El-Sayed A, Ali I, Kensara OA, Ghaboura N, Gupta G, Dou AM, Algahtani M, El-Kott AF, Dua K, Singh SK, Abdel-Daim MM. Harnessing role of sesamol and its nanoformulations against neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115512. [PMID: 37725878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesamol is a lignan of sesame seeds and a natural phenolic molecule that has emerged as a useful medical agent. Sesamol is a non-toxic phytoconstituent, which exerts certain valuable effects in the management of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), etc. Sesamol is known to depict its neuroprotective role by various mechanisms, such as metabolic regulators, action on oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, etc. However, its poor oral bioavailability, rapid excretion (as conjugates), and susceptibility to gastric irritation/toxicity (particularly in rats' forestomach) may restrict its effectiveness. To overcome the associated limitations, novel drug delivery system-based formulations of sesamol are emerging and being researched extensively. These can conjugate with sesamol and enhance the bioavailability and solubility of free sesamol, along with delivery at the target site. In this review, we have summarized various research works highlighting the role of sesamol on various NDs, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Moreover, the formulation strategies and neuroprotective role of sesamol-based nano-formulations have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Harmanpreet Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Violina Kakoty
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - M V N L Chaitanya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India; Department of pharmaceutics, ISF college of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Vancha Harish
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Palakurthi Yanadaiah
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Chameli Devi Institute of Pharmacy, Department of pharmacology, Khandwa Road, Village Umrikheda, Near Toll booth, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452020, India
| | - Amany A Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York at Stonybrook, New York, USA
| | - Osama A Kensara
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 7067, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehmat Ghaboura
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P. O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Ali M Dou
- Division of blood bank, Department of medical laboratories, Riyadh security forces hospital, Ministry of interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Algahtani
- Department of Laboratory & Blood Bank, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
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Kaplan Algin A, Tomruk C, Gözde Aslan Ç, Şaban Akkurt S, Mehtap Çinar G, Ulukaya S, Uyanikgil Y, Akçay Y. Effects of ozone treatment to the levels of neurodegeneration biomarkers after rotenone induced rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2023; 814:137448. [PMID: 37597740 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of ozone treatment on the neurodegeneration of stereotaxic rotenone-induced parkinson's disease (PD) model. The model was confirmed using the apomorphine rotation test. α-synuclein, amyloid-β, Tau, phosphorylated Tau, as well as tyrosine hydroxylase(+), nNOS(+), and glial cell counts were used to evaluate neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area. The experiment involved 48 Sprague-Dawley rats divided into four groups: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DMSO with ozone (O), DMSO/rotenone (R), and D/R/O. Ozone treatment significantly improved tissue α-synuclein level and TH+, nNOS+, and glial cell counts compared to the rotenone-only group. The study suggests that ozone treatment may have beneficial effects on PD biomarkers in the rotenone model. Further studies on ozone dosage, duration, and administration methods in humans could provide more evidence for its potential use in Parkinson's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuman Kaplan Algin
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey; Integrative and Complementary Medical Clinic Muratpaşa, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Canberk Tomruk
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Gözde Aslan
- Biruni University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sinan Şaban Akkurt
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey; Clinic of Dr. Sinan Akkurt, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gülcihan Mehtap Çinar
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Ulukaya
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yiğit Uyanikgil
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Akçay
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
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10
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li Q, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Guo R, Liu X, Yuan T, Liu Z. Sesamol Mitigates Chronic Iron Overload-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Systemic Inflammation via IL-6 and DMT1 Regulation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300012. [PMID: 37452409 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Excessive iron contributes to oxidative damage and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Sesamol, a compound in sesame oil that exhibits both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, is examined in this study for its ability to alleviate cognitive impairments in iron overload mice model. METHODS AND RESULTS An iron overload model is established by intraperitoneally injecting dextran iron (250 mg kg-1 body weight) twice a week for 6 weeks, while sesamol (100 mg kg-1 body weight) is administered daily for the same length of time. The results demonstrate that sesamol protects spatial working memory and learning ability in iron overload mice, and inhibits neuronal loss and brain atrophy induced by iron overload. Moreover, sesamol significantly decreases interleukin-6 and malondialdehyde, and increases glutathione peroxidase 4 in the brains of iron overload mice. Additionally, sesamol maintains iron homeostasis in the brain by regulating the expressions of transferrin receptors, divalent metal transporter 1, and hepcidin, and reducing iron accumulation. Furthermore, sesamol suppresses disturbed systemic iron homeostasis and inflammation, particularly liver interleukin-6 expression. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that sesamol may be effective in mitigating neuroinflammatory responses and cognitive impairments induced by iron overload, potentially through its involvement in mediating the liver-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qingyuan Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yishan Jiang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
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11
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Gupta R, Kumari S, Tripathi R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Unwinding the modalities of necrosome activation and necroptosis machinery in neurological diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101855. [PMID: 36681250 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis, a regulated form of cell death, is involved in the genesis and development of various life-threatening diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, cardiac myopathy, and diabetes. Necroptosis initiates with the formation and activation of a necrosome complex, which consists of RIPK1, RIPK2, RIPK3, and MLKL. Emerging studies has demonstrated the regulation of the necroptosis cell death pathway through the implication of numerous post-translational modifications, namely ubiquitination, acetylation, methylation, SUMOylation, hydroxylation, and others. In addition, the negative regulation of the necroptosis pathway has been shown to interfere with brain homeostasis through the regulation of axonal degeneration, mitochondrial dynamics, lysosomal defects, and inflammatory response. Necroptosis is controlled by the activity and expression of signaling molecules, namely VEGF/VEGFR, PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), ERK/MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin. Herein, we briefly discussed the implication and potential of necrosome activation in the pathogenesis and progression of neurological manifestations, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and others. Further, we present a detailed picture of natural compounds, micro-RNAs, and chemical compounds as therapeutic agents for treating neurological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India.
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12
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Wu J, Chen H, Guo T, Li M, Yang C, Aschner M, Chen J, Su P, Luo W. Sesamol alleviates manganese-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment via regulating the microglial cGAS-STING/NF-κB pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120988. [PMID: 36596376 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Toxic effects of excessive manganese (Mn) from occupational or environmental exposure cause harm to human health. Excessive Mn exposure is intimately associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction. Inflammatory responses mediated by microglia are essential contributors to the pathogenesis of Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Inhibition of microglia-mediated inflammation has been shown to alleviate Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Sesamol, derived from sesame, has neuroprotective properties in various disease models, including neurological diseases. Whether sesamol protects against Mn-induced neurological injuries has not been determined. Here, both in vivo and in vitro Mn exposure models were established to address the beneficial effects of sesamol on Mn-induced neurotoxicity. We showed that administration of sesamol mitigated learning and memory deficits of mice treated by Mn. Furthermore, sesamol reduced Mn-induced microglial activation and the expression of proinflammatory mediators (TNF-α, iNOS, and Cxcl10), while exerting a marginal effect on anti-inflammation and microglial phagocytosis. Mn exposure activated the microglial cGAS-STING pathway and sesamol inhibited this pathway by reducing the phosphorylation of STING and NF-κB, concomitantly decreasing IFN-α and IFN-β synthesis. In summary, our novel results indicated that sesamol exerted its protective effects on Mn-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment via the microglial cGAS-STING/NF-κB pathway, providing evidence that sesamol may serve as an effective therapeutic for preventing and treating Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Wu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Honggang Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Changhao Yang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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13
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Shi R, Gao D, Stoika R, Liu K, Sik A, Jin M. Potential implications of polyphenolic compounds in neurodegenerative diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5491-5514. [PMID: 36524397 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2155106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are common chronic diseases related to progressive damage to the nervous system. Current neurodegenerative diseases present difficulties and despite extensive research efforts to develop new disease-modifying therapies, there is still no effective treatment for halting the neurodegenerative process. Polyphenols are biologically active organic compounds abundantly found in various plants. It has been reported that plant-derived dietary polyphenols may improve some disease states and promote health. Emerging pieces of evidence indicate that polyphenols are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to overview the potential neuroprotective roles of polyphenols in most common neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidie Shi
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daili Gao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rostyslav Stoika
- Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Attila Sik
- Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Neuroprotective Effects of Some Nutraceuticals against Manganese-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Rats: Possible Modulatory Effects on TLR4/NLRP3/NF-κB, GSK-3β, Nrf2/HO-1, and Apoptotic Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121554. [PMID: 36559006 PMCID: PMC9785377 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting the substantia nigra where functions controlling body movement take place. Manganese (Mn) overexposure is linked to a neurologic syndrome resembling PD. Sesamol, thymol, wheat grass (WG), and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are potent antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic nutraceuticals. We investigated the potential protective effects of these nutraceuticals alone or in combinations against MnCl2-induced PD in rats. Seven groups of adult male Sprague Dawley rats were categorized as follows: group (I) was the control, while groups 2-7 received MnCl2 either alone (Group II) or in conjunction with oral doses of sesamol (Group III), thymol (Group IV), CoQ10 (Group V), WG (Group VI), or their combination (Group VII). All rats were subjected to four behavioral tests (open-field, swimming, Y-maze, and catalepsy tests). Biochemical changes in brain levels of monoamines, ACHE, BDNF, GSK-3β, GABA/glutamate, as well as oxidative stress, and apoptotic and neuroinflammatory biomarkers were evaluated, together with histopathological examinations of different brain regions. Mn increased catalepsy scores, while decreasing neuromuscular co-ordination, and locomotor and exploratory activity. It also impaired vigilance, spatial memory, and decision making. Most behavioral impairments induced by Mn were improved by sesamol, thymol, WG, or CoQ10, with prominent effect by sesamol and thymol. Notably, the combination group showed more pronounced improvements, which were confirmed by biochemical, molecular, as well as histopathological findings. Sesamol or thymol showed better protection against neuronal degeneration and some behavioral impairments induced by Mn than WG or CoQ10, partly via interplay between Nrf2/HO-1, TLR4/NLRP3/NF-κB, GSK-3β and Bax/Bcl2 pathways.
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15
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Goyal A, Verma A, Dubey N, Raghav J, Agrawal A. Naringenin: A prospective therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14415. [PMID: 36106706 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are a cluster of progressive, severe, and disabling disorders that affect millions of people worldwide and are on the surge. These disorders are characterized by the gradual loss of a selectively vulnerable group of neurons. Due to the complex pathophysiological mechanisms behind neurodegeneration and despite enormous efforts and understanding of the occurrence and progression of NDs, there is still a lack of an effective treatment for such diseases. Therefore, the development of a new therapeutic strategy for NDs is an unmet clinical need. Various natural compounds extracted from medicinal plants or fruits have shown promising activities in treating different types of NDs by targeting multiple signaling pathways. Among natural entities, flavonoids have incited a rise in public and scientific interest in recent years because of their purported health-promoting effects. Dietary supplementation of flavonoids has been shown to mitigate the severity of NDs such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and dementia by their antioxidant effects. Naringenin is a citrus flavonoid that is known to possess numerous biological activities like antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, naringenin has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent that exerts preventive and curative effects on several neurological disorders. Increasing evidence has attained special attention on the variety of therapeutic targets along with complex signaling pathways of naringenin, which suggest its possible therapeutic applications in several NDs. Derived from the results of several pre-clinical research and considering the therapeutic effects of this compound, this review focuses on the potential role of naringenin as a pharmacological agent for the treatment and management of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The overall neuroprotective effects and different possible underlying mechanisms related to naringenin are discussed. In the light of substantial evidence for naringenin's neuroprotective efficacy in several experimental paradigms, this review suggests that this molecule should be investigated further as a viable candidate for the management of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, with an emphasis on mechanistic and clinical trials to determine its efficacy. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Naringenin is a flavanone, aglycone of Naringin, predominantly found in citrus fruits with a variety of pharmacological actions. Naringenin has been shown to exhibit remarkable therapeutic efficacy and has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for the management of a variety of diseases such as various heart, liver, and metabolic disorders. Similarly, it has shown efficacy in neurodegenerative illnesses. Therefore, this review enables us to better understand the neuroprotective effects and different possible underlying mechanisms of naringenin. Also, this review provides a new indication to manage the symptoms of NDs like AD and PD. Furthermore, naringenin will be useful in the field of medicine as a new active ingredient for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Aanchal Verma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Nandini Dubey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Jyoti Raghav
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Anant Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
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16
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Langyan S, Yadava P, Sharma S, Gupta NC, Bansal R, Yadav R, Kalia S, Kumar A. Food and nutraceutical functions of sesame oil: An underutilized crop for nutritional and health benefits. Food Chem 2022; 389:132990. [PMID: 35569244 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sesame is the oldest oilseed crop known to humanity, though it contributes a small share in the global vegetable oil production. Sesame oil contains nutrients, including lignans, tocopherols, phytosterols, natural antioxidants, and bioactive compounds. It provides various health benefits such as anti-lipogenic, hypo-cholesterolemic, anti-degenerative, and neural health-promoting properties. Being an under-utilized minor crop, it has not received enough research attention for its food and nutraceutical potential. The sesame crop is a potential candidate to maintain the diversity of food oils and harness its benefits for improving human health. The present review will provide detailed research on sesame oil contents, health effects, nutraceuticals, oil quality, and value addition strategies. Also, the sesame oil nutritional quality was compared with other vegetable oils, highlighting the potential health and nutrition-related benefits. The way forward for further sesame improvement through value addition traits was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Langyan
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Pranjal Yadava
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Sanjula Sharma
- Oilseed Section, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ruchi Bansal
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
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17
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Rahimmi A, Tozandehjani S, Daraei M, Khademerfan M. The neuroprotective roles of Dietary Micronutrients on Parkinson’s disease: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8051-8060. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Zahedipour F, Hosseini SA, Henney NC, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Phytochemicals as inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor alpha and neuroinflammatory responses in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1675-1684. [PMID: 35017414 PMCID: PMC8820712 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes and proinflammatory cytokines have a key role in the cellular processes of neurodegenerative diseases and are linked to the pathogenesis of functional and mental health disorders. Tumor necrosis factor alpha has been reported to play a major role in the central nervous system in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and many other neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, a potent proinflammatory/proapoptotic tumor necrosis factor alpha could be a strong candidate for targeted therapy. Plant derivatives have now become promising candidates as therapeutic agents because of their antioxidant and chemical characteristics, and anti-inflammatory features. Recently, phytochemicals including flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and lignans have generated interest as tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor candidates for a number of diseases involving inflammation within the nervous system. In this review, we discuss how phytochemicals as tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors are a therapeutic strategy targeting neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyede Atefe Hosseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neil C Henney
- Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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19
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Liu Q, Xie T, Xi Y, Li L, Mo F, Liu X, Liu Z, Gao JM, Yuan T. Sesamol Attenuates Amyloid Peptide Accumulation and Cognitive Deficits in APP/PS1 Mice: The Mediating Role of the Gut-Brain Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12717-12729. [PMID: 34669408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease, is the leading cause of dementia. Sesamol is a lignan extracted from sesame oil and has been found to exert neuroprotective effects. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of sesamol on APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic AD mice. The AD mice were fed with a diet supplemented with sesamol (0.075 w/w %). Sesamol treatment improved spatial memory and learning ability in AD mice, improved neuronal damage, and decreased Aβ accumulation. Sesamol protected the synaptic ultrastructure and inhibited neuroinflammatory responses in the brain of AD mice. Sesamol also significantly inhibited the overactivated microglia and reduced the overexpression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the brain of AD mice. Notably, sesamol reshaped gut microbiota by significantly decreasing the relative abundance of Helicobacter hepaticus, Clostridium, and Bacillaceae, enhancing the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae and Bifidobacterium in AD mice. It has been found that sesamol protected the gut barrier integrity and prevented the LPS leakage into the serum. Importantly, sesamol remarkably enhanced the content of SCFAs, including acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate, and valerate, in AD mice. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a strong correlation between the levels of SCFAs and cognitive functions. These results demonstrated that sesamol attenuated AD-related cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammatory responses, which could be partly explained by its role in mediating the gut microbe-SCFA-brain axis. Thus, sesamol is a promising nutritional intervention strategy to prevent AD via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tianzhi Xie
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yujia Xi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ling Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengfeng Mo
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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20
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Abou-Zeid SM, Elkhadrawey BA, Anis A, AbuBakr HO, El-Bialy BE, Elsabbagh HS, El-Borai NB. Neuroprotective effect of sesamol against aluminum nanoparticle-induced toxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:53767-53780. [PMID: 34037932 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alumina nanoparticles (ALNPs) are widely used causing neurobehavioral impairment in intoxicated animals and humans. Sesamol (SML) emerged as a natural phytochemical with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, no study has directly tested the potential of SML to protect against AlNP-induced detrimental effects on the brain. AlNPs (100 mg/kg) were orally administered to rats by gavage with or without oral sesamol (100 mg/kg) for 28 days. In AlNP-intoxicated group, the brain AChE activity was elevated. The concentrations of MDA and 8-OHdG were increased suggesting lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage. GSH depletion with inhibited activities of CAT and SOD were demonstrated. Serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were elevated. The expressions of GST, TNF-α, and caspase-3 genes in the brain were upregulated. Histopathologically, AlNPs induced hemorrhages, edema, neuronal necrosis, and/or apoptosis in medulla oblongata. The cerebellum showed loss of Purkinje cells, and the cerebrum showed perivascular edema, neuronal degeneration, necrosis, and neuronal apoptosis. However, concomitant administration of SML with AlNPs significantly ameliorated the toxic effects on the brain, reflecting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects of SML. Considering these results, sesamol could be a promising phytochemical with neuroprotective activity against AlNP-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa M Abou-Zeid
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, 32897, Egypt.
| | - Basma A Elkhadrawey
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, 32897, Egypt
| | - Anis Anis
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, 32897, Egypt
| | - Huda O AbuBakr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Badr E El-Bialy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, 32897, Egypt
| | - Hesham S Elsabbagh
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, 32897, Egypt
| | - Nermeen B El-Borai
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, 32897, Egypt
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21
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Walczak-Nowicka ŁJ, Herbet M. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Role of Acetylcholinesterase in their Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9290. [PMID: 34502198 PMCID: PMC8430571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by influencing the inflammatory response, apoptosis, oxidative stress and aggregation of pathological proteins. There is a search for new compounds that can prevent the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases and slow down their course. The aim of this review is to present the role of AChE in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, this review aims to reveal the benefits of using AChE inhibitors to treat these diseases. The selected new AChE inhibitors were also assessed in terms of their potential use in the described disease entities. Designing and searching for new drugs targeting AChE may in the future allow the discovery of therapies that will be effective in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8bStreet, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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22
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The impact of sesamol and exercise on striatal TNF-α level, motor behavior, aversive memory and oxidative stress status in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sesame Oil-Based Nanostructured Lipid Carriers of Nicergoline, Intranasal Delivery System for Brain Targeting of Synergistic Cerebrovascular Protection. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040581. [PMID: 33921796 PMCID: PMC8072759 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicergoline (NIC) is a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid derivative applied for treatment of dementia and other cerebrovascular disorders. The efficacy of sesame oil to slow and reverse the symptoms of neurodegenerative cognitive disorders has been proven. This work aimed to formulate and optimize sesame oil-based NIC-nanostructured lipid carriers (NIC–NLCs) for intranasal (IN) delivery with expected synergistic and augmented neuroprotective properties. The NIC–NLC were prepared using sesame oil as a liquid lipid. A three-level, three-factor Box–Behnken design was applied to statistically optimize the effect of sesame oil (%) of the total lipid, surfactant concentration, and sonication time on particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficacy as responses. Solid-state characterization, release profile, and ex vivo nasal permeation in comparison to NIC solution (NIC–SOL) was studied. In vivo bioavailability from optimized NIC–NLC and NIC–SOL following IN and IV administration was evaluated and compared. The optimized NIC–NLC formula showed an average particle size of 111.18 nm, zeta potential of −15.4 mV, 95.11% entrapment efficacy (%), and 4.6% loading capacity. The NIC–NLC formula showed a biphasic, extended-release profile (72% after 48 h). Permeation of the NIC–NLC formula showed a 2.3 enhancement ratio. Bioavailability studies showed a 1.67 and 4.57 fold increase in plasma and brain following IN administration. The results also indicated efficient direct nose-to-brain targeting properties with the brain-targeting efficiency (BTE%) and direct transport percentage (DTP%) of 187.3% and 56.6%, respectively, after IN administration. Thus, sesame oil-based NIC–NLC can be considered as a promising IN delivery system for direct and efficient brain targeting with improved bioavailability and expected augmented neuroprotective action for the treatment of dementia.
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Naraki K, Rezaee R, Karimi G. A review on the protective effects of naringenin against natural and chemical toxic agents. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4075-4091. [PMID: 33724584 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Naringenin (NRG), as a flavanone from flavonoids family, is widely found in grapefruit, lemon tomato, and Citrus fruits. NRG has shown strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in body organs via mechanisms such as enhancement of glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activity, but reduction of serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, NRG anti-apoptotic potential was indicated to be mediated by regulating B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase3/9. Overall, these properties make NRG a highly fascinating compound with beneficial pharmacological effects. Based on the literature, NRG-induced protective effects against toxicities produced by natural toxins, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and environmental chemicals, were mainly mediated via suppression of lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress (through boosting the antioxidant arsenal), and inflammatory factors (e.g., TNF-α, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, and IL-12), and activation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK survival signaling pathways. Despite considerable body of evidence on protective properties of NRG against a variety of toxic compounds, more well-designed experimental studies and particularly, clinical trials are required before reaching a concrete conclusion. The present review discusses how NRG protects against the above-noted toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Naraki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Maan G, Sikdar B, Kumar A, Shukla R, Mishra A. Role of Flavonoids in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Limitations and Future Perspectives. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1169-1194. [PMID: 32297582 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200416085330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids, a group of natural dietary polyphenols, are known for their beneficial effects on human health. By virtue of their various pharmacological effects, like anti-oxidative, antiinflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and neuroprotective effects, flavonoids have now become an important component of herbal supplements, pharmaceuticals, medicinals and cosmetics. There has been enormous literature supporting neuroprotective effect of flavonoids. Recently their efficacy in various neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson diseases, has received particular attention. OBJECTIVE The mechanism of flavanoids neuroprotection might include antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antineuroinflammatory and modulation of various cellular and intracellular targets. In in-vivo systems, before reaching to brain, they have to cross barriers like extensive first pass metabolism, intestinal barrier and ultimately blood brain barrier. Different flavonoids have varied pharmacokinetic characteristics, which affect their pharmacodynamic profile. Therefore, brain accessibility of flavonoids is still debatable. METHODS This review emphasized on current trends of research and development on flavonoids, especially in neurodegenerative diseases, possible challenges and strategies to encounter using novel drug delivery system. RESULTS Various flavonoids have elicited their therapeutic potential against neurodegenerative diseases, however by using nanotechnology and novel drug delivery systems, the bioavailability of favonoids could be enhanced. CONCLUSION This study bridges a significant opinion on medicinal chemistry, ethanopharmacology and new drug delivery research regarding use of flavonoids in management of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Maan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow-226002, U.P., India
| | - Biplab Sikdar
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow-226002, U.P., India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow-226002, U.P., India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow-226002, U.P., India
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow-226002, U.P., India
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Kesh S, Kannan RR, Balakrishnan A. Naringenin alleviates 6-hydroxydopamine induced Parkinsonism in SHSY5Y cells and zebrafish model. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 239:108893. [PMID: 32949818 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a neurotoxin that inhibits the mitochondrial complex I causing mitochondrial impairment, aetiology of Parkinson's. Naringenin is a flavanone predominantly present in citrus fruits. Due to its high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, it has been widely studied against various disorders. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of naringenin was determined against 6-OHDA induced toxicity with Levodopa (l-DOPA) as the standard. Naringenin reduced 6-OHDA induced oxidative stress biomarker levels such as CAT, GSH, SOD, and ROS. Naringenin rescued 6-OHDA induced reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Treatment with naringenin improved the locomotion of the 6-OHDA treated zebrafish larvae which showed stagnant swimming patterns. Naringenin was also found to downregulate the expression of some Parkinsonian genes such as casp9, lrrk2, and polg and upregulate pink1. These studies attribute to naringenin as a viable molecule to study further for its neuroprotective effects against 6-OHDA induced neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Kesh
- Neuroscience Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai - 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajaretinam Rajesh Kannan
- Neuroscience Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai - 600119, Tamil Nadu, India..
| | - Anandan Balakrishnan
- Department of Genetics, University of Madras, Dr ALM PGIBMS Campus, Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Antioxidants as a Potential Tool for the Therapy of Neurological Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121246. [PMID: 33371285 PMCID: PMC7766211 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases and can be an important cause of the damages in cerebral ischemia. Oxidative stress arises from high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consequently, on this rational base, antioxidants (many of natural origin) are proposed as potential drugs to prevent ROS noxious actions because they can protect the target tissues from the oxidative stress. However, the potential of antioxidants is limited, owing to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is difficult to cross with a consequent low bioavailability of the drug into the brain after systemic (intravenous, intraperitoneal, oral) administrations. One strategy to improve the delivery of antioxidants to the brain involves the use of the so-called nose-to-brain route, with the administration of the antioxidant in specific nasal formulations and its passage to the central nervous system (CNS) mainly through the olfactory nerve way. In the current literature, many examples show encouraging results in studies carried out in cell cultures and in animal models about the potential neuroprotective effects of antioxidants when administered through the nose. This review concerns the nose-to-brain route for the brain targeting of antioxidants as a potential tool for the therapy of neurological diseases.
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Multi-Therapeutic Potential of Naringenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavonone): Experimental Evidence and Mechanisms. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121784. [PMID: 33339267 PMCID: PMC7766900 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research has been carried out during the last few decades, providing a detailed account of thousands of discovered phytochemicals and their biological activities that have the potential to be exploited for a wide variety of medicinal purposes. These phytochemicals, which are pharmacologically important for clinical use, primarily consist of polyphenols, followed by terpenoids and alkaloids. There are numerous published reports indicating the primary role of phytochemicals proven to possess therapeutic potential against several diseases. However, not all phytochemicals possess significant medicinal properties, and only some of them exhibit viable biological effects. Naringenin, a flavanone found in citrus fruits, is known to improve immunity, repair DNA damage, and scavenge free radicals. Despite the very low bioavailability of naringenin, it is known to exhibit various promising biological properties of medicinal importance, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This review focuses on the various aspects related to naringenin, particularly its physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties. Furthermore, various pharmacological activities of naringenin, such as anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, and gastroprotective effects, have been discussed along with their mechanisms of action.
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Yarmohammadi F, Wallace Hayes A, Najafi N, Karimi G. The protective effect of natural compounds against rotenone‐induced neurotoxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22605. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - A. Wallace Hayes
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology University of South Florida Tampa Florida
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| | - Nahid Najafi
- Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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Bosebabu B, Cheruku SP, Chamallamudi MR, Nampoothiri M, Shenoy RR, Nandakumar K, Parihar VK, Kumar N. An Appraisal of Current Pharmacological Perspectives of Sesamol: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:988-1000. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200313120419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds have been authenticated for its medicinal value in both
Chinese and Indian systems of medicine. Its numerous potential nutritional benefits are attributed to its
main bioactive constituents, sesamol. As a result of those studies, several molecular mechanisms are
emerging describing the pleiotropic biological effects of sesamol. This review summarized the most
interesting in vitro and in vivo studies on the biological effects of sesamol. The present work summarises
data available from Pubmed and Scopus database. Several molecular mechanisms have been elucidated
describing the pleiotropic biological effects of sesamol. Its major therapeutic effects have been
elicited in managing oxidative and inflammatory conditions, metabolic syndrome and mood disorders.
Further, compelling evidence reflected the ability of sesamol in inhibiting proliferation of the inflammatory
cell, prevention of invasion and angiogenesis via affecting multiple molecular targets and
downstream mechanisms. Sesamol is a safe, non‐toxic chemical that mediates anti‐inflammatory
effects by down‐regulating the transcription of inflammatory markers such as cytokines, redox status,
protein kinases, and enzymes that promote inflammation. In addition, sesamol also induces apoptosis
in cancer cells via mitochondrial and receptor‐mediated pathways, as well as activation of caspase cascades.
In the present review, several pharmacological effects of sesamol are summarised namely, antioxidant,
anti-cancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, radioprotective,
anti-aging, anti-ulcer, anti-dementia, anti-depressant, antiplatelet, anticonvulsant, anti-anxiolytic,
wound healing, cosmetic (skin whitening), anti-microbial, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) inhibition,
hepatoprotective activity and other biological effects. Here we have summarized the proposed
mechanism behind these pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bellamkonda Bosebabu
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sri Pragnya Cheruku
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha R. Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishnadas Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vipan K. Parihar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697- 2695, United States
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
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Maackiain Ameliorates 6-Hydroxydopamine and SNCA Pathologies by Modulating the PINK1/Parkin Pathway in Models of Parkinson's Disease in Caenorhabditis elegans and the SH-SY5Y Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124455. [PMID: 32585871 PMCID: PMC7352553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The movement disorder Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequently diagnosed neurodegenerative disease, and is associated with aging, the environment, and genetic factors. The intracellular aggregation of α-synuclein and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta are the pathological hallmark of PD. At present, there is no successful treatment for PD. Maackiain (MK) is a flavonoid extracted from dried roots of Sophora flavescens Aiton. MK has emerged as a novel agent for PD treatment that acts by inhibiting monoamine oxidase B. In this study, we assessed the neuroprotective potential of MK in Caenorhabditis elegans and investigated possible mechanism of this neuroprotection in the human SH-SY5Y cell line. We found that MK significantly reduced dopaminergic neuron damage in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-exposed worms of the BZ555 strain, with corresponding improvements in food-sensing behavior and life-span. In transgenic worms of strain NL5901 treated with 0.25 mM MK, the accumulation of α-synuclein was diminished by 27% (p < 0.01) compared with that in untreated worms. Moreover, in worms and the SH-SY5Y cell line, we confirmed that the mechanism of MK-mediated protection against PD pathology may include blocking apoptosis, enhancing the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and augmenting autophagy by increasing PINK1/parkin expression. The use of small interfering RNA to downregulate parkin expression in vivo and in vitro could reverse the benefits of MK in PD models. MK may have considerable therapeutic applications in PD.
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The Nrf2/HO-1 Axis as Targets for Flavanones: Neuroprotection by Pinocembrin, Naringenin, and Eriodictyol. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4724920. [PMID: 31814878 PMCID: PMC6878820 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4724920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Flavanones are a group of flavonoids that derive from their immediate chalcone precursors through the action of chalcone isomerase enzymes. The Aromatic A and B rings, C4-keto group, and the 15-carbon flavonoid skeleton are all evident in flavanones, but a notable absence of C2-C3 double bond and a lack of oxygenation at C-3 position of the C-ring makes them distinctively different from other groups such as flavonols (e.g., quercetin). On the basis of oxygenation level in the B ring, flavanones can vary from each other as exemplified by pinocembrin (no oxygenation), naringenin (4′-hydroxyl), or eriodictyol (3′,4′-dihydroxyl substitution). These groups are generally weaker free radical scavengers as compared to quercetin and derivatives though eriodictyol has a better free radical scavenging profile within the group due to the presence of the catechol functional moiety. In this communication, their antioxidant potential through the induction of antioxidant defenses is scrutinized. These compounds as exemplified by pinocembrin could induce the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2- (Nrf2-) heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis leading to amelioration of oxidative stress in cellular and animal models. Their neuroprotective effect through such mechanism is discussed.
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Nouri Z, Fakhri S, El-Senduny FF, Sanadgol N, Abd-ElGhani GE, Farzaei MH, Chen JT. On the Neuroprotective Effects of Naringenin: Pharmacological Targets, Signaling Pathways, Molecular Mechanisms, and Clinical Perspective. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E690. [PMID: 31684142 PMCID: PMC6920995 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a group of progressive, chronic, and disabling disorders, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) affect millions of people worldwide, and are on the rise. NDs are known as the gradual loss of neurons; however, their pathophysiological mechanisms have not been precisely revealed. Due to the complex pathophysiological mechanisms behind the neurodegeneration, investigating effective and multi-target treatments has remained a clinical challenge. Besides, appropriate neuroprotective agents are still lacking, which raises the need for new therapeutic agents. In recent years, several reports have introduced naturally-derived compounds as promising alternative treatments for NDs. Among natural entities, flavonoids are multi-target alternatives affecting different pathogenesis mechanisms in neurodegeneration. Naringenin is a natural flavonoid possessing neuroprotective activities. Increasing evidence has attained special attention on the variety of therapeutic targets along with complex signaling pathways for naringenin, which suggest its possible therapeutic applications in several NDs. Here, in this review, the neuroprotective effects of naringenin, as well as its related pharmacological targets, signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms, and clinical perspective, are described. Moreover, the need to develop novel naringenin delivery systems is also discussed to solve its widespread pharmacokinetic limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nouri
- Student's Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran.
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Fardous F El-Senduny
- Biochemistry division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol 7383198616, Iran.
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Ghada E Abd-ElGhani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
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Cho B, Kim T, Huh YJ, Lee J, Lee YI. Amelioration of Mitochondrial Quality Control and Proteostasis by Natural Compounds in Parkinson's Disease Models. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205208. [PMID: 31640129 PMCID: PMC6829248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a well-known age-related neurodegenerative disorder associated with longer lifespans and rapidly aging populations. The pathophysiological mechanism is a complex progress involving cellular damage such as mitochondrial dysfunction and protein homeostasis. Age-mediated degenerative neurological disorders can reduce the quality of life and also impose economic burdens. Currently, the common treatment is replacement with levodopa to address low dopamine levels; however, this does not halt the progression of PD and is associated with adverse effects, including dyskinesis. In addition, elderly patients can react negatively to treatment with synthetic neuroprotection agents. Recently, natural compounds such as phytochemicals with fewer side effects have been reported as candidate treatments of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, hormesis, proteostasis, the ubiquitin‒proteasome system, and autophagy (mitophagy) to explain the neuroprotective effects of using natural products as a therapeutic strategy. We also summarize the efforts to use natural extracts to develop novel pharmacological candidates for treatment of age-related PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongki Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Taeyun Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Yu-Jin Huh
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.
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Md S, Alhakamy NA, Aldawsari HM, Asfour HZ. Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Effect of Naringenin-Loaded Nanoparticles for Nose-to-Brain Delivery. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9100275. [PMID: 31618942 PMCID: PMC6827151 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting in a decreased nigrostriatal availability of dopamine. Oxidative stress is one factor contributing to PD. Naringenin (NAR), a flavonoid, is a potent antioxidant shown to be beneficial in experimental PD. The clinical development of NAR has been hampered due to its low bioavailability resulting from gastrointestinal degradation, inefficient permeability, and low aqueous solubility. The objective of the present research was to formulate and characterize naringenin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (NAR NPs) for nose-to-brain delivery. The cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and neuroprotective effects of NAR NPs were determined using the SH-SY5Y cell line in vitro. NAR NPs were prepared using the ionic gelation method and characterized by zetasizer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission microscopy (FESEM). The average particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and 24 h in vitro release profile were 87.6 ± 8.47 nm, 0.31 ± 0.04, 15.36 ± 2.05 mV, 91.12 ± 2.99%, and 54.80 ± 4.22%, respectively. The percentage NAR permeation through nasal mucosa from NPs was found to be 67.90 ± 0.72%. Cellular uptake of prepared NPs was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Neuroprotective activity of NAR NPs was evaluated through viability assays and by estimating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. NAR NPs showed enhanced neuroprotective ability and antioxidant effect against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. However, animal studies are necessary to establish the potential of NAR NPs to be an effective carrier for the treatment of PD for nose-to-brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hibah M Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hani Zakaria Asfour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Krishna Chandran AM, Christina H, Das S, Mumbrekar KD, Satish Rao BS. Neuroprotective role of naringenin against methylmercury induced cognitive impairment and mitochondrial damage in a mouse model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 71:103224. [PMID: 31376681 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to organomercurials like methylmercury (MeHg) may occur by consumption of contaminated seafood, affecting various vital organs especially, brain contributing to neuro disorders. The citrus flavanone, naringenin (NAR) has shown strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and therefore may exert cytoprotective effect against xenobiotic agents. Herein, we investigated the neuroprotective role of NAR against MeHg induced functional changes in mitochondria, neuronal cell death and cognitive impairment in a mouse model. A neurotoxic dose of MeHg (4 mg/kg.b.wt.) was administered orally to mice for 15 days. This resulted in the reduction of GSH and GST, an increase in mitochondrial DNA damage and memory impairment. On the contrary, NAR pre-treatment (100 mg/kg.b.wt.), helped in lowering the oxidative burden which in turn maintained mitochondrial function and prevented induced neuronal cell death, ultimately improving the cognitive impairment. As MeHg intoxication occurs chronically, consumption of the dietary components rich in NAR may have its positive human health impact, ultimately improving the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwaid Manu Krishna Chandran
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Hannah Christina
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubhankar Das
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kamalesh D Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - B S Satish Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India.
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Wang GQ, Zhang B, He XM, Li DD, Shi JS, Zhang F. Naringenin targets on astroglial Nrf2 to support dopaminergic neurons. Pharmacol Res 2018; 139:452-459. [PMID: 30527894 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Astroglia serve as a critical role in metabolic and neurotrophic support to neurons. The loss of astroglia-derived neurotrophic effects could be a primary contributor to Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, understanding astroglia functions is an important strategy for enhancing neuronal survival. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a key role in neuronal resistance to oxidative stress and glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Balancing oxidative stress by up-regulation of Nrf2 has been demonstrated to be effective in neurodegenerative disease treatment. Naringenin (NAR), a dietary flavonoid, displays anti-oxidant, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying NAR-mediated neuroprotection against neurodegeneration remain unelucidated. Here, the present study investigated whether NAR promoted astroglial neurotrophic effects to support neurons and the underlying mechanisms as well. In primary rat midbrain neuron-glia co-cultures, NAR conferred neurotrophic effects to support dopaminergic (DA) neurons survival in the concentration- and time-dependent manners. Furtherly, astroglia were essential for NAR-mediated neurotrophic actions. Also, NAR elicited astrogliosis and neurotrophic factors release in primary neuron-glia co-cultures and astroglia-enriched cultures. Mechanistically, astroglial Nrf2 activation participated in NAR-mediated neurotrophic actions to support DA neurons evidenced by the following observations: 1) NAR increased Nrf2 mRNA and protein expressions both in neuron-glia and astroglia-enriched cultures; 2) Nrf2-siRNA inhibited NAR-mediated astrogliosis and neurotrophic factors release; 3) astroglial Nrf2-siRNA abolished NAR-mediated neurotrophic effects on DA neurons. Together, this study demonstrates NAR enhanced astroglial neurotrophic effects on DA neurons through the regulation of Nrf2 activation, and these findings might open new potential promising avenues for neurotrophic factor-based treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xue-Mei He
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Dai-Di Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Enogieru AB, Omoruyi SI, Hiss DC, Ekpo OE. Potential antiparkinsonian agents derived from South African medicinal plants. J Herb Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kujawska M, Jodynis-Liebert J. Polyphenols in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050642. [PMID: 29783725 PMCID: PMC5986521 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. However, therapeutic options treating only its symptoms are very disappointing. Therefore there is an ongoing search for compounds capable of tackling the multi-dimensional features of PD. Recently natural polyphenols have gained great interest as potential therapeutic agents. Herein, we have attempted to summarize results obtained in different animal models demonstrating their neuroprotective effects. The in vivo findings presented below are supported by human subject data and reports regarding the ability of polyphenols to cross the blood-brain barrier. The beneficial effects of polyphenols are demonstrated by the results of behavioral examinations, mainly related to motor and cognitive capabilities, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination concerning the protection of dopaminergic neurons, analyses of dopamine and the concentration of its metabolites, as well as mechanistic studies regarding the modulation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, cellular iron management, proteinopathy, and additionally the regulation of signaling pathways. Importantly, data about brain distribution of the metabolic derivatives of the reviewed polyphenols are crucial for the justification of their nutritional intake in neuroprotective intervention, as well as for the identification of potential targets for a novel therapeutic approach to Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str., 60-631 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Jodynis-Liebert
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str., 60-631 Poznań, Poland.
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Zhu J, Yi X, Zhang J, Chen S, Wu Y. Rapid screening of brain-penetrable antioxidants from natural products by blood-brain barrier specific permeability assay combined with DPPH recognition. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 151:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kumar A, Choudhary S, Adhikari JS, Chaudhury NK. Sesamol ameliorates radiation induced DNA damage in hematopoietic system of whole body γ-irradiated mice. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:79-90. [PMID: 28766757 DOI: 10.1002/em.22118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation exposure is harmful and at high doses can lead to acute hematopoietic radiation syndrome. Therefore, agents that can protect hematopoietic system are important for development of radioprotector. Sesamol is a potential molecule for development of radioprotector due to its strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. In the present study, sesamol was evaluated for its role in DNA damage and repair in hematopoietic system of γ-irradiated CB57BL/6 mice and compared with amifostine. C57BL/6 male mice were administered with sesamol 20 mg/kg (i.p.) followed by 2 Gy whole body irradiation (WBI) at 30 min. Mice were sacrificed at 0.5, 3, 24 h postirradiation; bone marrow, splenocytes, and peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated to measure DNA damages and repair using alkaline comet,γ-H2AXand micronucleus assays. An increase in % of tail DNA was observed in all organs of WBI mice. Whereas in pre-administered sesamol reduced %DNA in tail (P ≤ 0.05). Sesamol has also reduced formation of radiation induced γ-H2AX foci after 0.5 h in these organs and further lowered to respective control values at 24 h of WBI. Similar reduction of % DNA in tail and γ-H2AX foci were observed with amifostine (P ≤ 0.05). Analysis of mnPCE frequency at 24 h has revealed similar extent of protection by sesamol and amifostine. Interestingly, both sesamol and amifostine, alone and with radiation, also increased the granulocytes count significantly compared to the control (P ≤ 0.05). These findings suggest that sesamol has strong potential to protect hematopoietic system by lowering radiation induced DNA damages and can prevent acute hematopoietic syndrome in mice. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:79-90, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sandeep Choudhary
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Jawahar S Adhikari
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Nabo K Chaudhury
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
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Wang R, Yang S, Nie T, Zhu G, Feng D, Yang Q. Transcription Factors: Potential Cell Death Markers in Parkinson's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2017; 33:552-560. [PMID: 28791585 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a long preclinical phase. The continuous loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons is one of the pathogenic hallmarks of PD. Diagnosis largely depends on clinical observation, but motor dysfunctions do not emerge until 70%-80% of the nigrostriatal nerve terminals have been destroyed. Therefore, a biomarker that indicates the degeneration of DA neurons is urgently needed. Transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate RNA synthesis from a DNA template. The precise control of gene expression plays a critical role in the development, maintenance, and survival of cells, including DA neurons. Deficiency of certain transcription factors has been associated with DA neuron loss and PD. In this review, we focus on some transcription factors and discuss their structure, function, mechanisms of neuroprotection, and their potential for use as biomarkers indicating the degeneration of DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronglin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Shaosong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Tiejian Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Dayun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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Maasz G, Zrinyi Z, Reglodi D, Petrovics D, Rivnyak A, Kiss T, Jungling A, Tamas A, Pirger Z. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has a neuroprotective function in dopamine-based neurodegeneration in rat and snail parkinsonian models. Dis Model Mech 2016; 10:127-139. [PMID: 28067625 PMCID: PMC5312006 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) rescues dopaminergic neurons from neurodegeneration and improves motor changes induced by 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA) in rat parkinsonian models. Recently, we investigated the molecular background of the neuroprotective effect of PACAP in dopamine (DA)-based neurodegeneration using rotenone-induced snail and 6-OHDA-induced rat models of Parkinson's disease. Behavioural activity, monoamine (DA and serotonin), metabolic enzyme (S-COMT, MB-COMT and MAO-B) and PARK7 protein concentrations were measured before and after PACAP treatment in both models. Locomotion and feeding activity were decreased in rotenone-treated snails, which corresponded well to findings obtained in 6-OHDA-induced rat experiments. PACAP was able to prevent the behavioural malfunctions caused by the toxins. Monoamine levels decreased in both models and the decreased DA level induced by toxins was attenuated by ∼50% in the PACAP-treated animals. In contrast, PACAP had no effect on the decreased serotonin (5HT) levels. S-COMT metabolic enzyme was also reduced but a protective effect of PACAP was not observed in either of the models. Following toxin treatment, a significant increase in MB-COMT was observed in both models and was restored to normal levels by PACAP. A decrease in PARK7 was also observed in both toxin-induced models; however, PACAP had a beneficial effect only on 6-OHDA-treated animals. The neuroprotective effect of PACAP in different animal models of Parkinson's disease is thus well correlated with neurotransmitter, enzyme and protein levels. The models successfully mimic several, but not all etiological properties of the disease, allowing us to study the mechanisms of neurodegeneration as well as testing new drugs. The rotenone and 6-OHDA rat and snail in vivo parkinsonian models offer an alternative method for investigation of the molecular mechanisms of neuroprotective agents, including PACAP. Summary: PACAP has a neuroprotective effect in different toxin-induced rat and snail parkinsonian models, acting partially through the same mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Maasz
- MTA-ÖK BLI NAP_B Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA-CER, 8237 Tihany, Hungary.,Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zita Zrinyi
- MTA-ÖK BLI NAP_B Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA-CER, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Dora Petrovics
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Adam Rivnyak
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kiss
- Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA-CER, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Adel Jungling
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Tamas
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- MTA-ÖK BLI NAP_B Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA-CER, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
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Ablat N, Lv D, Ren R, Xiaokaiti Y, Ma X, Zhao X, Sun Y, Lei H, Xu J, Ma Y, Qi X, Ye M, Xu F, Han H, Pu X. Neuroprotective Effects of a Standardized Flavonoid Extract from Safflower against a Rotenone-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091107. [PMID: 27563865 PMCID: PMC6274364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a major age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra par compacta (SNpc). Rotenone is a neurotoxin that is routinely used to model PD to aid in understanding the mechanisms of neuronal death. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius. L.) has long been used to treat cerebrovascular diseases in China. This plant contains flavonoids, which have been reported to be effective in models of neurodegenerative disease. We previously reported that kaempferol derivatives from safflower could bind DJ-1, a protein associated with PD, and that a flavonoid extract from safflower exhibited neuroprotective effects in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse model of PD. In this study, a standardized safflower flavonoid extract (SAFE) was isolated from safflower and found to primarily contain flavonoids. The aim of the current study was to confirm the neuroprotective effects of SAFE in rotenone-induced Parkinson rats. The results showed that SAFE treatment increased body weight and improved rearing behavior and grip strength. SAFE (35 or 70 mg/kg/day) treatment reversed the decreased protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter and DJ-1 and increased the levels of dopamine and its metabolite. In contrast, acetylcholine levels were decreased. SAFE treatment also led to partial inhibition of PD-associated changes in extracellular space diffusion parameters. These changes were detected using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tracer-based method, which provides novel information regarding neuronal loss and astrocyte activation. Thus, our results indicate that SAFE represents a potential therapeutic herbal treatment for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuramatjan Ablat
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Deyong Lv
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing100191, China.
- Department of Radiology, Dongying People's Hospital of Shandong, Dongying 257091, China.
| | - Rutong Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yilixiati Xiaokaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100191, China.
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hui Lei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jiamin Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yingcong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xianrong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hongbin Han
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing100191, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of MRI Device and Technique, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiaoping Pu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Carnosic Acid Attenuates 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells by Inducing Autophagy Through an Enhanced Interaction of Parkin and Beclin1. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2813-2822. [PMID: 27013469 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9873-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced removal of abnormal protein aggregates or injured organelles through autophagy is related to neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease. In this study, we explored whether the induction of autophagy is associated with the neuroprotection of rosemary carnosic acid (CA) against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. The results indicated that cells treated with CA had increased protein levels of parkin and autophagy-related markers, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p100, Beclin1, autophagy-related gene 7, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II, as well as enhanced formation of autophagic vacuoles. Treatment of cells with 6-OHDA decreased the levels of parkin and the autophagy markers, but CA pretreatment reversed these effects. However, wortmannin (an autophagosome formation blocker) pretreatment attenuated the effect of CA. After CA pretreatment, the induction of cleaved caspase 3, cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase, and nuclear condensation by 6-OHDA were alleviated. Both wortmannin and bafilomycin A1 (an autophagosome-lysosome fusion blocker) inhibited the anti-apoptosis effects of CA. Additionally, we performed immunoprecipitation with anti-parkin antibody and found that the interaction of parkin and Beclin1 protein was reduced by 6-OHDA but that this effect was reversed in cells pretreated with CA. Moreover, transfection of parkin siRNA in cells inhibited the ability of CA to alleviate 6-OHDA-decreased autophagy-related markers and nuclear condensation. In conclusion, CA protects against 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis by inducing autophagy through the interaction of parkin and Beclin1. These results provide a future strategy for use of CA in the prevention of Parkinson's disease.
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Impact of Plant-Derived Flavonoids on Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:41-52. [PMID: 26951456 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders have a common characteristic that is the involvement of different cell types, typically the reactivity of astrocytes and microglia, characterizing gliosis, which in turn contributes to the neuronal dysfunction and or death. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites of plant origin widely investigated at present and represent one of the most important and diversified among natural products phenolic groups. Several biological activities are attributed to this class of polyphenols, such as antitumor activity, antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory, among others, which give significant pharmacological importance. Our group have observed that flavonoids derived from Brazilian plants Dimorphandra mollis Bent., Croton betulaster Müll. Arg., e Poincianella pyramidalis Tul., botanical synonymous Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul. also elicit a broad spectrum of responses in astrocytes and neurons in culture as activation of astrocytes and microglia, astrocyte associated protection of neuronal progenitor cells, neuronal differentiation and neuritogenesis. It was observed the flavonoids also induced neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells and human pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, with the objective of seeking preclinical pharmacological evidence of these molecules, in order to assess its future use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, we have evaluated the effects of flavonoids in preclinical in vitro models of neuroinflammation associated with Parkinson's disease and glutamate toxicity associated with ischemia. In particular, our efforts have been directed to identify mechanisms involved in the changes in viability, morphology, and glial cell function induced by flavonoids in cultures of glial cells and neuronal cells alone or in interactions and clarify the relation with their neuroprotective and morphogetic effects.
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Segura-Aguilar J, Kostrzewa RM. Neurotoxin mechanisms and processes relevant to Parkinson's disease: an update. Neurotox Res 2015; 27:328-54. [PMID: 25631236 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism responsible for degenerative process in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown. One major advance in this field has been the discovery of several genes associated to familial PD, including alpha synuclein, parkin, LRRK2, etc., thereby providing important insight toward basic research approaches. There is an consensus in neurodegenerative research that mitochon dria dysfunction, protein degradation dysfunction, aggregation of alpha synuclein to neurotoxic oligomers, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and neuroinflammation are involved in degeneration of the neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons that are lost in the disease. An update of the mechanisms relating to neurotoxins that are used to produce preclinical models of Parkinson´s disease is presented. 6-Hydroxydopamine, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, and rotenone have been the most wisely used neurotoxins to delve into mechanisms involved in the loss of dopaminergic neurons containing neuromelanin. Neurotoxins generated from dopamine oxidation during neuromelanin formation are likewise reviewed, as this pathway replicates neurotoxin-induced cellular oxidative stress, inactivation of key proteins related to mitochondria and protein degradation dysfunction, and formation of neurotoxic aggregates of alpha synuclein. This survey of neurotoxin modeling-highlighting newer technologies and implicating a variety of processes and pathways related to mechanisms attending PD-is focused on research studies from 2012 to 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla, 70000, Santiago 7, Chile,
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Johnson ME, Bobrovskaya L. An update on the rotenone models of Parkinson's disease: their ability to reproduce the features of clinical disease and model gene-environment interactions. Neurotoxicology 2014; 46:101-16. [PMID: 25514659 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by two major neuropathological hallmarks: the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and the presence of Lewy bodies in the surviving SN neurons, as well as other regions of the central and peripheral nervous system. Animal models have been invaluable tools for investigating the underlying mechanisms of the pathogenesis of PD and testing new potential symptomatic, neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapies. However, the usefulness of these models is dependent on how precisely they replicate the features of clinical PD with some studies now employing combined gene-environment models to replicate more of the affected pathways. The rotenone model of PD has become of great interest following the seminal paper by the Greenamyre group in 2000 (Betarbet et al., 2000). This paper reported for the first time that systemic rotenone was able to reproduce the two pathological hallmarks of PD as well as certain parkinsonian motor deficits. Since 2000, many research groups have actively used the rotenone model worldwide. This paper will review rotenone models, focusing upon their ability to reproduce the two pathological hallmarks of PD, motor deficits, extranigral pathology and non-motor symptoms. We will also summarize the recent advances in neuroprotective therapies, focusing on those that investigated non-motor symptoms and review rotenone models used in combination with PD genetic models to investigate gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela E Johnson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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Chtourou Y, Fetoui H, Gdoura R. Protective effects of naringenin on iron-overload-induced cerebral cortex neurotoxicity correlated with oxidative stress. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 158:376-83. [PMID: 24682942 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a component of several metalloproteins involved in crucial metabolic processes such as oxygen sensing and transport, energy metabolism, and DNA synthesis. This metal progressively accumulates in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases. Naringenin (NGEN), a natural flavonoid compound, has been reported to possess neuroprotective effect against PD-related pathology, however, the mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects are poorly defined. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the potential mechanism involved in the cytoprotection of NGEN against iron-induced neurotoxicity in the cerebral cortex of Wistar rats. Animals that were given repetitive injections of iron dextran for a total of 4 weeks showed a significant increase in lipid and protein markers such as thiobarbituric reactive acid substances, protein carbonyl product content levels, and DNA apoptosis in the cerebral cortex. These changes were accompanied by a decrease of enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase and catalase and in the levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants like total thiols and ascorbic acid. The activity of glutathione peroxidase remained unchanged in rats. A significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activities was also shown, with a substantial rise in the nitric oxide levels. Coadministration of NGEN to iron-treated rats significantly improved antioxidant enzyme activities and attenuated oxidative damages observed in the cerebral cortex. The potential effect of NGEN to prevent iron-induced neurotoxicity was also reflected by the microscopic study, indicative of its neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Chtourou
- Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health (UR11ES70), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, BP1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia,
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