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Mustafa YF. Harmful Free Radicals in Aging: A Narrative Review of Their Detrimental Effects on Health. Indian J Clin Biochem 2024; 39:154-167. [PMID: 38577147 PMCID: PMC10987461 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-023-01147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The production of harmful free radicals (H-FRs), especially those with oxygen or nitrogen atoms, depends on both internal and environmental causes. The negative effects of H-FRs are greatly alleviated by antioxidant protection. The harmful impact of oxidative stress, or OS, is brought on by a disparity between the defense mechanisms of the body and the creation of H-FRs. Aging is characterized by a slow decline in tissue and organ competence. Age-mediated pathologies start as an aberrant accumulation of H-FRs, which inhibit cells' capacity to divide, repair, and operate, based on the OS theorem of aging. The natural outcome of this situation is apoptosis. These conditions may include skeletal muscle dysfunction, cancer, cardiovascular, chronic hepatitis, chronic renal, and chronic pulmonary disorders. Given the substantial role that OS plays in the progression of many of these illnesses, antioxidant-based therapy may have a favorable impact on how these diseases progress. To ascertain the true efficacy of this therapy strategy, more research is necessary. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the literature on this challenging issue that is attracting interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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2
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Maness PF, Cone GW, Ford DA, McCulla RD. Comparison of Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation by Hydrophilic O( 3 P)-Precursors and Lipid-O( 3 P)-Precursor Conjugates. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:1412-1419. [PMID: 36943169 DOI: 10.1111/php.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipid oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) provide several different oxidation products that have been implicated in inflammatory responses. Ground state atomic oxygen [O(3 P)] is produced by the photodeoxygenation of certain heterocyclic oxides and has a reactivity that is unique from other ROS. Due to the reactive nature of O(3 P), the site of O(3 P)-generation is expected to influence the products in heterogenous solutions or environments. In this work, the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by lipids with covalently bound O(3 P)-photoprecursors was compared to more hydrophilic O(3 P)-photoprecursors. Lipid oxidation products were quantified after Bligh-Dyer extraction and pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFB) derivatization by GC-MS. Unlike the more hydrophilic O(3 P)-photoprecursors, the oxidation of LDL during the irradiation of lipid-(O3 P)-photoprecursor conjugates showed little quenching by the addition of the O(3 P)-scavenging sodium allyl sulfonate. This indicated that lipophilic O(3 P)-photoprecursors are expected to generate lipid oxidation products where other more hydrophilic O(3 P)-photoprecursors could be quenched by other reactive groups present in solution or the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Maness
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Grant W Cone
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Louis University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryan D McCulla
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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3
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Sharma R, Diwan B. Lipids and the hallmarks of ageing: From pathology to interventions. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 215:111858. [PMID: 37652278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are critical structural and functional architects of cellular homeostasis. Change in systemic lipid profile is a clinical indicator of underlying metabolic pathologies, and emerging evidence is now defining novel roles of lipids in modulating organismal ageing. Characteristic alterations in lipid metabolism correlate with age, and impaired systemic lipid profile can also accelerate the development of ageing phenotype. The present work provides a comprehensive review of the extent of lipids as regulators of the modern hallmarks of ageing viz., cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, gut dysbiosis, telomere attrition, genome instability, proteostasis and autophagy, epigenetic alterations, and stem cells dysfunctions. Current evidence on the modulation of each of these hallmarks has been discussed with emphasis on inherent age-dependent deficiencies in lipid metabolism as well as exogenous lipid changes. There appears to be sufficient evidence to consider impaired lipid metabolism as key driver of the ageing process although much of knowledge is yet fragmented. Considering dietary lipids, the type and quantity of lipids in the diet is a significant, but often overlooked determinant that governs the effects of lipids on ageing. Further research using integrative approaches amidst the known aging hallmarks is highly desirable for understanding the therapeutics of lipids associated with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Nutrigerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India.
| | - Bhawna Diwan
- Nutrigerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
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Serum levels of IL-6 are associated with cognitive impairment in the salus in apulia population-based study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13972. [PMID: 36915478 PMCID: PMC10006470 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that inflammation contributes to brain aging and neurodegeneration. This study investigates the relationship between global cognitive as well executive function and the inflammatory markers IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α in a population-based study of older adults. A population-based sample, of older people in Southern Italy, was enrolled. We measured serum levels of IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α. We also administered two neuropsychological tests: Mini-Mental State Examination and Frontal Assessment Battery. Rank-based regression models were performed to investigate the relationship between inflammatory markers and cognitive functions, including major demographic and clinical confounders for adjustment. The sample consisted of 1929 subjects aged between 65 and 95 years. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that higher serum levels of IL-6 were associated with lower MMSE and FAB scores even after adjustment for demographic data and cardiovascular risk factors. No significant associations were found between cognitive functioning and serum levels of CRP and TNF-α. Our results suggest that higher levels of IL-6 were associated with cognitive impairment in an older adult population of Southern Italy.
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Madjedi KM, Stuart KV, Chua SYL, Luben RN, Warwick A, Pasquale LR, Kang JH, Wiggs JL, Lentjes MAH, Aschard H, Sattar N, Foster PJ, Khawaja AP. The Association between Serum Lipids and Intraocular Pressure in 2 Large United Kingdom Cohorts. Ophthalmology 2022; 129:986-996. [PMID: 35500606 PMCID: PMC10444694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Serum lipids are modifiable, routinely collected blood test features associated with cardiovascular health. We examined the association of commonly collected serum lipid measures (total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and triglycerides) with intraocular pressure (IOP). DESIGN Cross-sectional study in the UK Biobank and European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk cohorts. PARTICIPANTS We included 94 323 participants from the UK Biobank (mean age, 57 years) and 6230 participants from the EPIC-Norfolk (mean age, 68 years) cohorts with data on TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides collected between 2006 and 2009. METHODS Multivariate linear regression adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, medical, and ophthalmic covariables was used to examine the associations of serum lipids with corneal-compensated IOP (IOPcc). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Corneal-compensated IOP. RESULTS Higher levels of TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C were associated independently with higher IOPcc in both cohorts after adjustment for key demographic, medical, and lifestyle factors. For each 1-standard deviation increase in TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C, IOPcc was higher by 0.09 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.11 mmHg; P < 0.001), 0.11 mmHg (95% CI, 0.08-0.13 mmHg; P < 0.001), and 0.07 mmHg (95% CI, 0.05-0.09 mmHg; P < 0.001), respectively, in the UK Biobank cohort. In the EPIC-Norfolk cohort, each 1-standard deviation increase in TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C was associated with a higher IOPcc by 0.19 mmHg (95% CI, 0.07-0.31 mmHg; P = 0.001), 0.14 mmHg (95% CI, 0.03-0.25 mmHg; P = 0.016), and 0.17 mmHg (95% CI, 0.06-0.29 mmHg; P = 0.003). An inverse association between triglyceride levels and IOP in the UK Biobank (-0.05 mmHg; 95% CI, -0.08 to -0.03; P < 0.001) was not replicated in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort (P = 0.30). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that serum TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C are associated positively with IOP in 2 United Kingdom cohorts and that triglyceride levels may be associated negatively. Future research is required to assess whether these associations are causal in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian M Madjedi
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Kelsey V Stuart
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Y L Chua
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert N Luben
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Warwick
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jae H Kang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marleen A H Lentjes
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics/Nutrient Gut-Brain Interaction, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Oxidative Stress in Ageing and Chronic Degenerative Pathologies: Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Chronic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137273. [PMID: 35806275 PMCID: PMC9266760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing and chronic degenerative pathologies demonstrate the shared characteristics of high bioavailability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, chronic/persistent inflammation, glycation, and mitochondrial abnormalities. Excessive ROS production results in nucleic acid and protein destruction, thereby altering the cellular structure and functional outcome. To stabilise increased ROS production and modulate oxidative stress, the human body produces antioxidants, “free radical scavengers”, that inhibit or delay cell damage. Reinforcing the antioxidant defence system and/or counteracting the deleterious repercussions of immoderate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is critical and may curb the progression of ageing and chronic degenerative syndromes. Various therapeutic methods for ROS and oxidative stress reduction have been developed. However, scientific investigations are required to assess their efficacy. In this review, we summarise the interconnected mechanism of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation that contributes to ageing and chronic degenerative pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), cardiovascular diseases CVD, diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We also highlight potential counteractive measures to combat ageing and chronic degenerative diseases.
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Specht HE, Mannig N, Belheouane M, Andreani NA, Tenbrock K, Biemann R, Borucki K, Dahmen B, Dempfle A, Baines JF, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Seitz J. Lower serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and their association with gut microbiota in a longitudinal study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:920665. [PMID: 36061277 PMCID: PMC9433656 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.920665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an often chronic and debilitating psychiatric disease whose etiology is not completely understood. Recently, a potential role of inflammation has emerged in other psychiatric diseases, such as depression, PTSD and schizophrenia. The first results in adults with AN seemed to confirm a low-grade proinflammatory state until recent studies presented more differential findings. Studying adolescents with a shorter illness duration and fewer confounding factors might help elucidate the role of inflammation in the underlying pathophysiology of AN; however, the few available studies in adolescents remain ambiguous, and no longitudinal data are available in this age range. METHODS We examined the proinflammatory cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-15, and the cytokine-receptor IL-6 Receptor alpha (IL-6 Rα) in the serum of twenty-two hospitalized female adolescent patients with AN longitudinally at admission and discharge and compared their results to nineteen healthy controls (HC). We also collected clinical data and stool samples that were analyzed with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to explore potential influencing factors of cytokine changes. RESULTS TNF-α serum levels were significantly elevated in patients with AN at admission, while IL-1β and IL-6 levels were lower at admission and discharge than in HC. After treatment, we also found significantly elevated levels of IL-6 Rα compared to HC, while IL-15 did not show significant changes. Exploratory analyses revealed positive associations of cytokine and genus-level changes between admission and discharge for IL-1β (Bacteroides) and IL-15 (Romboutsia), and negative associations for IL-15 (Anaerostipes) and TNF-α (uncultured Lachnospiraceae). CONCLUSION We confirmed a previous finding of elevated levels of TNF-α also in adolescents with AN; however, the reduced IL-1β and IL-6 levels differed from the mostly increased levels found in adults. A mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory state appears to be present in adolescents, potentially due to their shorter illness duration. The gut microbiota, with its regulatory function on cytokine production, might play a role in mediating these inflammatory processes in AN and could offer targets for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Specht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Mannig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Meriem Belheouane
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nadia Andrea Andreani
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, IZKF Aachen, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Dahmen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Sánchez-Martínez L, Periago MJ, García-Alonso J, García-Conesa MT, González-Barrio R. A Systematic Review of the Cardiometabolic Benefits of Plant Products Containing Mixed Phenolics and Polyphenols in Postmenopausal Women: Insufficient Evidence for Recommendations to This Specific Population. Nutrients 2021; 13:4276. [PMID: 34959828 PMCID: PMC8707028 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is characterized by endocrine and physiological changes and is often accompanied by increased body weight and cholesterol, glucose intolerance, and/or hypertension. These alterations are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that may be moderate by dietary plant phenolic compounds. In this review, we examine the current evidence of the impact of a variety of plant products (foods, extracts, beverages) rich in a mixture of phenolics and polyphenols on: (i) glucose and insulin levels; (ii) lipid profile; (iii) blood pressure; and (iv) biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. We critically evaluate both the results of a range of intervention studies conducted in this specific subpopulation and the level of evidence supporting the benefits of consuming those products after the menopause. Overall, the current available evidence does not allow for specific dietary recommendations of these plant products rich in phenolics and polyphenols in this high-risk subpopulation. Our data show rather variable and small effects of the different products examined on the cardiometabolic biomarkers and further support the need to: (1) improve the quality of the study designs and data reporting; and (2) understand the variability in the response of the different biomarkers and establish clear differences between healthy and cardiometabolic disease levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Sánchez-Martínez
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (M.-J.P.); (J.G.-A.)
| | - María-Jesús Periago
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (M.-J.P.); (J.G.-A.)
| | - Javier García-Alonso
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (M.-J.P.); (J.G.-A.)
| | - María-Teresa García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío González-Barrio
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (M.-J.P.); (J.G.-A.)
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9
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Aparisi Á, Iglesias-Echeverría C, Ybarra-Falcón C, Cusácovich I, Uribarri A, García-Gómez M, Ladrón R, Fuertes R, Candela J, Tobar J, Hinojosa W, Dueñas C, González R, Nogales L, Calvo D, Carrasco-Moraleja M, San Román JA, Amat-Santos IJ, Andaluz-Ojeda D. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are associated with poor clinical outcomes in COVID-19. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2619-2627. [PMID: 34353699 PMCID: PMC8259049 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the sole causative agent of coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19). METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a retrospective single-center study of consecutively admitted patients between March 1st and May 15th, 2020, with a definitive diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary end-point was to evaluate the association of lipid markers with 30-days all-cause mortality in COVID-19. A total of 654 patients were enrolled, with an estimated 30-day mortality of 22.8% (149 patients). Non-survivors had lower total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels during the entire course of the disease. Both showed a significant inverse correlation with inflammatory markers and a positive correlation with lymphocyte count. In a multivariate analysis, LDL-c ≤ 69 mg/dl (hazard ratio [HR] 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-3.31), C-reactive protein >88 mg/dl (HR 2.44; 95% CI, 1.41-4.23) and lymphopenia <1000 (HR 2.68; 95% CI, 1.91-3.78) at admission were independently associated with 30-day mortality. This association was maintained 7 days after admission. Survivors presented with complete normalization of their lipid profiles on short-term follow-up. CONCLUSION Hypolipidemia in SARS-CoV-2 infection may be secondary to an immune-inflammatory response, with complete recovery in survivors. Low LDL-c serum levels are independently associated with higher 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Aparisi
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Iván Cusácovich
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Aitor Uribarri
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mario García-Gómez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ladrón
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Fuertes
- Medicine School, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jordi Candela
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Tobar
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Williams Hinojosa
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos Dueñas
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Roberto González
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Leonor Nogales
- Intensive Care Unit Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Dolores Calvo
- Clinical Analysis Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - J Alberto San Román
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; CIBERCV, Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ignacio J Amat-Santos
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain; CIBERCV, Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Andaluz-Ojeda
- Intensive Care Unit Department, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain.
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Koziarska-Rościszewska M, Gluba-Brzózka A, Franczyk B, Rysz J. High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Relationship with Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080742. [PMID: 34440486 PMCID: PMC8400111 DOI: 10.3390/life11080742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Chronic inflammation is considered to be involved in the development of CVD. It is important to find a simple test that enables the identification of patients at risk and that may be used in primary care. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with selected factors—age, gender, obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hyperuricemia, vitamin D-25(OH)D, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension. Results. Statistically significant correlations were found between hsCRP and the following: age (rs = 0.304, p = 0.0000); gender (female) (p = 0.0173); BMI (rs = 0.295, p = 0.0001); waist circumference (rs = 0.250, p = 0.0007); dyslipidemia (p = 0.0159); glycemia (rs = 0.173, p = 0.0207); and significant negative correlations between hsCRP and 25(OH)D (rs = −0.203, p = 0.0065). In patients with CVD, hypertension, diabetes, or visceral obesity, hsCRP was significantly higher than in the subgroup without these disorders. There was a statistically significant relationship between hsCRP and the number of the metabolic syndrome elements (p = 0.0053). Conclusions. The hsCRP test seem to be a simple test that may be used at the primary care level to identify patients at risk of metabolic disorders, CVD, and hypertension. Vitamin D concentration may be a determining factor of systemic inflammation (it may have a modulating effect).
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11
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Dual trajectories of physical activity and blood lipids in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Maturitas 2021; 146:49-56. [PMID: 33722364 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) has the potential to attenuate cardiovascular disease risk in midlife women through multiple pathways, including improving lipid profiles. Longitudinal patterns of PA and blood lipid levels have not been studied in midlife women. Our study identified trajectories of PA and blood lipids across midlife and characterized the associations between these trajectories. METHODS We evaluated 2,789 participants from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a longitudinal cohort study with follow-up over the menopause transition. Women reported PA using the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey at seven study visits across 17 years of follow-up. Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured at eight study visits across the same 17-year follow-up period. We used group-based trajectory models to characterize trajectories of PA and blood lipids over midlife and dual trajectory models to determine the association between PA and blood lipid trajectories adjusted for race/ethnicity, body mass index category, smoking, and lipid-lowering medication use. RESULTS Women were 46 years old, on average, at study entry. Forty-nine percent were non-Hispanic white; 32 % were Black; 10 % were Japanese; and 9 % were Chinese. We identified four PA trajectories, three HDL cholesterol trajectories, four LDL cholesterol trajectories, and two triglyceride trajectories. The most frequently occurring trajectories were the consistently low PA trajectory (69 % of women), the low HDL cholesterol trajectory (43 % of women), the consistently moderate LDL cholesterol trajectory (45 % of women), and the consistently low triglycerides trajectory (90 % of women). In dual trajectory analyses, no clear associations were observed between PA trajectories and HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, or triglycerides trajectories. CONCLUSIONS The most frequently observed trajectories across midlife were characterized by low physical activity, low HDL cholesterol, moderate LDL cholesterol, and low triglycerides. Despite the absence of an association between long-term trajectories of PA and blood lipids in this study, a large body of evidence has established the importance of clinical and public health messaging and interventions targeted at midlife women to promote regular and sustained PA during midlife to achieve other cardiovascular and metabolic benefits.
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12
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Petroff JT, Isor A, Chintala SM, Albert CJ, Franke JD, Weinstein D, Omlid SM, Arnatt CK, Ford DA, McCulla RD. In vitro oxidations of low-density lipoprotein and RAW 264.7 cells with lipophilic O( 3P)-precursors. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26553-26565. [PMID: 35519784 PMCID: PMC9055398 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01517b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A beneficial property of photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the capability of oxidant generation within a specific location or organelle inside a cell. Dibenzothiophene S-oxide (DBTO), which is known to undergo a photodeoxygenation reaction to generate ground state atomic oxygen [O(3P)] upon irradiation, was functionalized to afford localization within the plasma membrane of cells. The photochemistry, as it relates to oxidant generation, was studied and demonstrated that the functionalized DBTO derivatives generated O(3P). Irradiation of these lipophilic O(3P)-precursors in the presence of LDL and within RAW 264.7 cells afforded several oxidized lipid products (oxLP) in the form of aldehydes. The generation of a 2-hexadecenal (2-HDEA) was markedly increased in irradiations where O(3P) was putatively produced. The substantial generation of 2-HDEA is not known to accompany the production of other ROS. These cellular irradiation experiments demonstrate the potential of inducing oxidation with O(3P) in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Petroff
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
| | - Ankita Isor
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
| | | | - Carolyn J Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Jacob D Franke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - David Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
| | - Sara M Omlid
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
| | | | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Ryan D McCulla
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
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13
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Piber D, Olmstead R, Cho JHJ, Witarama T, Perez C, Dietz N, Seeman TE, Breen EC, Cole SW, Irwin MR. Inflammaging: Age and Systemic, Cellular, and Nuclear Inflammatory Biology in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1716-1724. [PMID: 31107949 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is associated with increasing age. Yet, there are limited data about the association between age and systemic inflammation within older adults, and whether older age is also associated with cellular and nuclear signaling markers of inflammation. In community-dwelling older adults (N = 262, 60-88 years), systemic levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II; levels of toll-like receptor-4-stimulated monocytic production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α; and resting nuclear levels of activated nuclear factor kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1, STAT3, STAT5) were evaluated. Adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, multivariate linear regression tested the association between age and each inflammatory marker. Age was positively associated with increased levels of interleukin-6 and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II (p's < .05) and with increases in STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 activation (p's < .05). However, no relationship was found between age and C-reactive protein, toll-like receptor-4-stimulated interleukin-6/tumor necrosis factor alpha α production, or nuclear factor kappa B. Within a community-dwelling sample of older adults, older age is associated with increases in STAT activation, along with increases of systemic inflammatory cytokines. In older adults, heterogeneity in age-related increases in inflammatory disease risk may be related to individual variability in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Piber
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Olmstead
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Joshua Hyong-Jin Cho
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Tuff Witarama
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Christian Perez
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Nicholas Dietz
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Teresa E Seeman
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Elizabeth C Breen
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Steve W Cole
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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14
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Peixoto da Silva S, Santos JMO, Costa E Silva MP, Gil da Costa RM, Medeiros R. Cancer cachexia and its pathophysiology: links with sarcopenia, anorexia and asthenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:619-635. [PMID: 32142217 PMCID: PMC7296264 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, along with adipose tissue wasting, systemic inflammation and other metabolic abnormalities leading to functional impairment. Cancer cachexia has long been recognized as a direct cause of complications in cancer patients, reducing quality of life and worsening disease outcomes. Some related conditions, like sarcopenia (age-related muscle wasting), anorexia (appetite loss) and asthenia (reduced muscular strength and fatigue), share some key features with cancer cachexia, such as weakness and systemic inflammation. Understanding the interplay and the differences between these conditions is critical to advance basic and translational research in this field, improving the accuracy of diagnosis and contributing to finally achieve effective therapies for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Peixoto da Silva
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana M O Santos
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Costa E Silva
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Palliative Care Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Postgraduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD) and Tumour Biobank, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer - Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro - Núcleo Regional do Norte), Porto, Portugal
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15
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Lo JHT, U KP, Yiu T, Ong MTY, Lee WYW. Sarcopenia: Current treatments and new regenerative therapeutic approaches. J Orthop Translat 2020; 23:38-52. [PMID: 32489859 PMCID: PMC7256062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by loss of muscle and reduction in muscle strength that contributes to higher mortality rate and increased incidence of fall and hospitalization in the elderly. Mitochondria dysfunction and age-associated inflammation in muscle are two of the main attributors to sarcopenia progression. Recent clinical trials on sarcopenia therapies such as physical exercise, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical interventions have revealed that exercise is the only effective strategy shown to alleviate sarcopenia. Unlike nutraceutical and pharmaceutical interventions that showed controversial results in sarcopenia alleviation, exercise was found to restore mitochondria homeostasis and dampen inflammatory responses via a complex exchange of myokines and osteokines signalling between muscle and bone. However, as exercise have limited benefit to immobile patients, the use of stem cells and their secretome are being suggested to be novel therapeutics that can be catered to a larger patient population owing to their mitochondria restoration effects and immune modulatory abilities. As such, we reviewed the potential pros and cons associated with various stem cell types/secretome in sarcopenia treatment and the regulatory and production barriers that need to be overcome to translate such novel therapeutic agents into bedside application. Translational potential: This review summarizes the causes underlying sarcopenia from the perspective of mitochondria dysfunction and age-associated inflammation, and the progress of clinical trials for the treatment of sarcopenia. We also propose therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy and bioactive secretome for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hiu-Tung Lo
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kin Pong U
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Tszlam Yiu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Michael Tim-Yun Ong
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China
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16
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Oxidative Stress, Frailty and Cardiovascular Diseases: Current Evidence. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1216:65-77. [PMID: 31894548 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33330-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to review the results of recent studies analyzing the role of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation as potential contributors to frailty and CVD, and to explain a possible pathogenic relationship between the latter two conditions. Available evidence suggests that frail patients have elevated levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and proinflammatory cytokines, as well as with reduced concentrations of endogenous antioxidants. This implies that oxidative stress and systemic inflammation might play a role in the pathogenesis of frailty, but an underlying mechanism of this relationship is still mostly hypothetical. Oxidative stress and systemic inflammation are also involved in the pathogenesis of CVD. Cardiovascular conditions are established risk factor for frailty and in turn, presence of frailty constitutes an unfavorable prognostic factor in cardiac patients. Finally, some cardiovascular risk factors, such as lack of physical activity, smoking, obesity and inappropriate diet, are also involved in the etiology of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and frailty. This complex interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic elements should be considered during holistic management of older persons with frailty and/or cardiovascular conditions.
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17
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NLRP3 inflammasome activation in inflammaging. Semin Immunol 2018; 40:61-73. [PMID: 30268598 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The process of aging is associated with the appearance of low-grade subclinical inflammation, termed inflammaging, that can accelerate age-related diseases. In Western societies the age-related inflammatory response can additionally be aggravated by an inflammatory response related to modern lifestyles and excess calorie consumption, a pathophysiologic inflammatory response that was coined metaflammation. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of mechanisms that drive both of these processes and focus our discussion the emerging concept that a key innate immune pathway, the NLRP3 inflammasome, is centrally involved in the recognition of triggers that appear during physiological aging and during metabolic stress. We further discuss how these processes are involved in the pathogenesis of common age-related pathologies and highlight potential strategies by which the detrimental inflammatory responses could be pharmacologically addressed.
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18
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Liguori I, Russo G, Curcio F, Bulli G, Aran L, Della-Morte D, Gargiulo G, Testa G, Cacciatore F, Bonaduce D, Abete P. Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:757-772. [PMID: 29731617 PMCID: PMC5927356 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s158513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1941] [Impact Index Per Article: 323.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are produced by several endogenous and exogenous processes, and their negative effects are neutralized by antioxidant defenses. Oxidative stress occurs from the imbalance between RONS production and these antioxidant defenses. Aging is a process characterized by the progressive loss of tissue and organ function. The oxidative stress theory of aging is based on the hypothesis that age-associated functional losses are due to the accumulation of RONS-induced damages. At the same time, oxidative stress is involved in several age-related conditions (ie, cardiovascular diseases [CVDs], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer), including sarcopenia and frailty. Different types of oxidative stress biomarkers have been identified and may provide important information about the efficacy of the treatment, guiding the selection of the most effective drugs/dose regimens for patients and, if particularly relevant from a pathophysiological point of view, acting on a specific therapeutic target. Given the important role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of many clinical conditions and aging, antioxidant therapy could positively affect the natural history of several diseases, but further investigation is needed to evaluate the real efficacy of these therapeutic interventions. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of literature on this complex topic of ever increasing interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Liguori
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Russo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Curcio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Bulli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Aran
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Gargiulo
- Division of Internal Medicine, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi di Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianluca Testa
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesco Cacciatore
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Heart Transplantation Unit, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Bonaduce
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Abete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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19
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Pfrimer K, Ferriolli E, Takeuchi PL, Salles MSV, Saran-Netto A, Zanetti MA, Roma-Junior LC, Braga CBM, Domenici FA, Valim YML, Paschoalato ABP, Marchi LF, Azzolini AECS, Donadi EA, Martinez E, Vannucchi H. Effects of the Consumption of Milk Biofortified with Selenium, Vitamin E, and Different Fatty Acid Profile on Immune Response in the Elderly. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Pfrimer
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Paula Lumy Takeuchi
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Márcia SV Salles
- São Paulo State Agency for Agribusiness Technology; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Arlindo Saran-Netto
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - Marcus A Zanetti
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - Luiz C Roma-Junior
- São Paulo State Agency for Agribusiness Technology; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda A Domenici
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Yara ML Valim
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmacological Sciences School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Adriana BP Paschoalato
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmacological Sciences School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Larissa F Marchi
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmacological Sciences School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Ana ECS Azzolini
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmacological Sciences School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Donadi
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Edson Martinez
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Helio Vannucchi
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
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20
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Dalle S, Rossmeislova L, Koppo K. The Role of Inflammation in Age-Related Sarcopenia. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1045. [PMID: 29311975 PMCID: PMC5733049 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiological changes occur with aging. These changes often, directly or indirectly, result in a deterioration of the quality of life and even in a shortening of life expectancy. Besides increased levels of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage and cell apoptosis, another important factor affecting the aging process involves a systemic chronic low-grade inflammation. This condition has already been shown to be interrelated with several (sub)clinical conditions, such as insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Recent evidence, however, shows that chronic low-grade inflammation also contributes to the loss of muscle mass, strength and functionality, referred to as sarcopenia, as it affects both muscle protein breakdown and synthesis through several signaling pathways. Classic interventions to counteract age-related muscle wasting mainly focus on resistance training and/or protein supplementation to overcome the anabolic inflexibility from which elderly suffer. Although the elderly benefit from these classic interventions, the therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory strategies is of great interest, as these might add up to/support the anabolic effect of resistance exercise and/or protein supplementation. In this review, the molecular interaction between inflammation, anabolic sensitivity and muscle protein metabolism in sarcopenic elderly will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Dalle
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lenka Rossmeislova
- Department for the Study of Obesity and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Tang Y, Fung E, Xu A, Lan HY. C-reactive protein and ageing. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44 Suppl 1:9-14. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Department of Nephrology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Erik Fung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Guangzhou China
| | - Anping Xu
- Department of Nephrology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Guangzhou China
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22
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Age-dependent alterations in serum cytokines, peripheral blood mononuclear cell cytokine production, natural killer cell activity, and prostaglandin F2α. Immunol Res 2017; 65:1009-1016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Casado-Díaz A, Túnez-Fiñana I, Mata-Granados JM, Ruiz-Méndez MV, Dorado G, Romero-Sánchez MC, Navarro-Valverde C, Quesada-Gómez JM. Serum from postmenopausal women treated with a by-product of olive-oil extraction process stimulates osteoblastogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis in human mesenchymal stem-cells (MSC). Exp Gerontol 2017; 90:71-78. [PMID: 28167238 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aging may enhance both oxidative stress and bone-marrow mesenchymal stem-cell (MSC) differentiation into adipocytes. That reduces osteoblastogenesis, thus favoring bone-mass loss and fracture, representing an important worldwide health-issue, mainly in countries with aging populations. Intake of antioxidant products may help to retain bone-mass density. Interestingly, a novel olive-pomace physical treatment to generate olive oil also yields by-products rich in functional antioxidants. Thus, diet of postmenopausal women was supplemented for two months with one of such by-products (distillate 6; D6), being rich in squalene. After treatment, serum from such women showed reduced both lipidic peroxidation and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Besides, vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 levels increased. Furthermore, culture medium containing 10% of such serum both increased osteoblastogenesis and reduced adipogenesis in human MSC from bone marrow. Therefore, highly antioxidant by-products like D6 may represent a relevant source for development of functional products, for both prevention and treatment of degenerative pathologies associated with aging, like osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Unidad de Gestión Clínica (UGC) de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; RETICEF & CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimento Saludable (CIBERFES), Spain
| | - Isaac Túnez-Fiñana
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Unidad de Gestión Clínica (UGC) de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José María Mata-Granados
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Unidad de Gestión Clínica (UGC) de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Victoria Ruiz-Méndez
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide E46, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; RETICEF & CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimento Saludable (CIBERFES), Spain
| | - María Concepción Romero-Sánchez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Unidad de Gestión Clínica (UGC) de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; RETICEF & CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimento Saludable (CIBERFES), Spain
| | | | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Unidad de Gestión Clínica (UGC) de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; RETICEF & CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimento Saludable (CIBERFES), Spain.
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Low-Grade Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Risk of Invasive Post-Menopausal Breast Cancer - A Nested Case-Control Study from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158959. [PMID: 27391324 PMCID: PMC4938491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although cancer promotes inflammation, the role of inflammation in tumor-genesis is less well established. The aim was to examine if low-grade inflammation is related to post-menopausal breast cancer risk, and if obesity modifies this association. METHODS In the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort, a nested case-control study was defined among 8,513 women free of cancer and aged 55-73 years at baseline (1991-96); 459 were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during follow-up (until December 31st, 2010). In laboratory analyses of blood from 446 cases, and 885 controls (matched on age and date of blood sampling) we examined systemic inflammation markers: oxidized (ox)-LDL, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, white blood cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for breast cancer risk was calculated using multivariable conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Inverse associations with breast cancer were seen in fully-adjusted models, for 2nd and 3rd tertiles of ox-LDL, OR (95% CI): 0.65 (0.47-0.90), 0.63 (0.45-0.89) respectively, p-trend = 0.01; and for the 3rd tertile of TNF-α, 0.65 (0.43-0.99), p-trend = 0.04. In contrast, those in the highest IL-1β category had higher risk, 1.71 (1.05-2.79), p-trend = 0.01. Obesity did not modify associations between inflammation biomarkers and breast cancer. CONCLUSION Our study does not suggest that low-grade inflammation increase the risk of post-menopausal breast cancer.
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Jung S, Lee YJ, Kim M, Kim M, Kwak JH, Lee JW, Ahn YT, Sim JH, Lee JH. Supplementation with two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032, reduced body adiposity and Lp-PLA2 activity in overweight subjects. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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26
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Elmes M, Szyszka A, Pauliat C, Clifford B, Daniel Z, Cheng Z, Wathes C, McMullen S. Maternal age effects on myometrial expression of contractile proteins, uterine gene expression, and contractile activity during labor in the rat. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:e12305. [PMID: 25876907 PMCID: PMC4425948 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced maternal age of first time pregnant mothers is associated with prolonged and dysfunctional labor and significant risk of emergency cesarean section. We investigated the influence of maternal age on myometrial contractility, expression of contractile associated proteins (CAPs), and global gene expression in the parturient uterus. Female Wistar rats either 8 (YOUNG n = 10) or 24 (OLDER n = 10) weeks old were fed laboratory chow, mated, and killed during parturition. Myometrial strips were dissected to determine contractile activity, cholesterol (CHOL) and triglycerides (TAG) content, protein expression of connexin-43 (GJA1), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and caveolin 1 (CAV-1). Maternal plasma concentrations of prostaglandins PGE2, PGF2α, and progesterone were determined by RIA. Global gene expression in uterine samples was compared using Affymetrix Genechip Gene 2.0 ST arrays and Ingenuity Pathway analysis (IPA). Spontaneous contractility in myometrium exhibited by YOUNG rats was threefold greater than OLDER animals (P < 0.027) but maternal age had no significant effect on myometrial CAP expression, lipid profiles, or pregnancy-related hormones. OLDER myometrium increased contractile activity in response to PGF2α, phenylephrine, and carbachol, a response absent in YOUNG rats (all P < 0.002). Microarray analysis identified that maternal age affected expression of genes related to immune and inflammatory responses, lipid transport and metabolism, steroid metabolism, tissue remodeling, and smooth muscle contraction. In conclusion YOUNG laboring rat myometrium seems primed to contract maximally, whereas activity is blunted in OLDER animals and requires stimulation to meet contractile potential. Further work investigating maternal age effects on myometrial function is required with focus on lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Elmes
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Alexandra Szyszka
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Caroline Pauliat
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Bethan Clifford
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Zoe Daniel
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Zhangrui Cheng
- Royal Veterinary College, Reproduction and Development Group, Hatfield, UK
| | - Claire Wathes
- Royal Veterinary College, Reproduction and Development Group, Hatfield, UK
| | - Sarah McMullen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
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Gradinaru D, Borsa C, Ionescu C, Prada GI. Oxidized LDL and NO synthesis--Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2015; 151:101-13. [PMID: 25804383 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and nitric oxide (NO) exert contradictory actions within the vascular endothelium microenvironment influencing key events in atherogenesis. OxLDL and NO are so far regarded as representative parameters of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, new targets in prevention, diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases, and also as candidate biomarkers in evaluating the human biological age. The aim of this review is to explore recent literature on molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological relationships between LDL oxidation, NO synthesis and vascular endothelium function/dysfunction in ageing, focusing on the following aspects: (1) the impact of metabolic status on both LDL oxidation and NO synthesis in relation with oxidative stress, (2) the use of oxidized LDL and NO activity as biomarkers in human studies reporting on cardiovascular outcomes, and (3) evidences supporting the importance of oxidized LDL and NO activity as relevant biomarkers in vascular ageing and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gradinaru
- Ana Aslan National Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 9 Caldarusani Street, Sector 1, P.O. Box 2-4, 011241 Bucharest, Romania; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, 6 Taian Vuia Street, Sector 2, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Claudia Borsa
- Ana Aslan National Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 9 Caldarusani Street, Sector 1, P.O. Box 2-4, 011241 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Ionescu
- Ana Aslan National Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 9 Caldarusani Street, Sector 1, P.O. Box 2-4, 011241 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ioan Prada
- Ana Aslan National Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 9 Caldarusani Street, Sector 1, P.O. Box 2-4, 011241 Bucharest, Romania; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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28
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Gubbels Bupp MR. Sex, the aging immune system, and chronic disease. Cell Immunol 2015; 294:102-10. [PMID: 25700766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The immune systems of men and women differ in significant ways, especially after puberty. In particular, females are generally more prone to autoimmunity, but experience lower rates of infections and chronic inflammatory disease. Sex hormones, genes encoded on the sex chromosomes, and gender-specific behaviors likely contribute to these differences. The aging process is associated with changes in the composition and function of the immune system and these changes may occur at an accelerated rate in men as compared to women. Moreover, after the age of menopause, the incidence of chronic inflammatory disease in women approaches or exceeds that observed in males. At the same time, the incidence of autoimmunity in post-menopausal women is decreased or equivalent to the rates observed in similarly-aged men. Additional studies addressing the influence of sex on the pathogenesis of chronic and autoimmune diseases in the aged are warranted.
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Paik JK, Kim M, Kim M, Yen Y, Ahn HY, Lee SH, Lee JH. Circulating Lp-PLA₂ activity correlates with oxidative stress and cytokines in overweight/obese postmenopausal women not using hormone replacement therapy. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:32. [PMID: 25840804 PMCID: PMC4385327 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Controversy remains regarding whether there is an association between circulating lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), cytokines, and oxidative stress in healthy postmenopausal women. We investigated the influence of age on Lp-PLA2 activity in postmenopausal women not using hormone therapy and the relationship of Lp-PLA2 enzyme activity to serum cytokine levels and oxidative stress indices. Normal weight (n = 1284) and overweight/obese (n = 707) postmenopausal women not using hormone therapy were categorized into five age groups: 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, and 70-89 years. Overweight-obese women showed higher plasma Lp-PLA2 activity, urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α), serum interleukin (IL)-6, and smaller LDL particles than normal-weight women after adjusting for age, years postmenopause, smoking, drinking, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, BMI, and waist circumference. Overweight/obese women 70-89 years old showed higher Lp-PLA2 activity than those aged 50-54 years, whereas no significant difference in Lp-PLA2 activity existed across normal-weight female age groups. Overweight/obese women aged ≥ 65 years showed higher Lp-PLA2, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), IL-6, and 8-epi-PGF2α than age-matched normal-weight controls. Overweight/obese women aged ≥ 70 years had higher ox-LDL levels than those aged 50-59, and overweight/obese women aged 65-89 showed higher IL-6 and 8-epi-PGF2α. There were strong positive correlations between Lp-PLA2 and ox-LDL (r = 0.385, P < 0.001), Lp-PLA2 and IL-6 (r = 0.293, P < 0.001), and ox-LDL and IL-6 (r = 0.303, P < 0.001) in overweight/obese women; however, these relationships were weak in normal-weight women. These results suggest that aging and obesity-related oxidative and inflammatory mediators are associated with Lp-PLA2 activity in overweight/obese postmenopausal women not using hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Kyung Paik
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Kim
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Yen
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Yeong Ahn
- Interdisciplinary Course of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Department of Family Practice, National Health Insurance Corporation, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Moreno-Villanueva M, Morath J, Vanhooren V, Elbert T, Kolassa S, Libert C, Bürkle A, Kolassa IT. N-glycosylation profiling of plasma provides evidence for accelerated physiological aging in post-traumatic stress disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e320. [PMID: 24169639 PMCID: PMC3818009 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of age-related diseases is increased in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the underlying biological mechanisms are still unclear. N-glycosylation is an age-dependent process, identified as a biomarker for physiological aging (GlycoAge Test). To investigate whether traumatic stress accelerates the aging process, we analyzed the N-glycosylation profile in n=13 individuals with PTSD, n=9 trauma-exposed individuals and in n=10 low-stress control subjects. Individuals with PTSD and trauma-exposed individuals presented an upward shift in the GlycoAge Test, equivalent to an advancement of the aging process by 15 additional years. Trauma-exposed individuals presented an intermediate N-glycosylation profile positioned between severely traumatized individuals with PTSD and low-stress control subjects. In conclusion, our data suggest that cumulative exposure to traumatic stressors accelerates the process of physiological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moreno-Villanueva
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - J Morath
- Center of Excellence for Psychotraumatology, Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - V Vanhooren
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T Elbert
- Center of Excellence for Psychotraumatology, Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - S Kolassa
- SAP Switzerland AG, Tägerwilen, Switzerland
| | - C Libert
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany,University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, Chair of Molecular Toxicology, Box X911, Konstanz 78457, Germany E-mail:
| | - I-T Kolassa
- Center of Excellence for Psychotraumatology, Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany,Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany,Clinical and Biological Psychology, University of Ulm, Institute of Psychology and Education, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, Ulm 89069, Germany. E-mail:
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