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Yun WS, Kim J, Lim DK, Kim DH, Jeon SI, Kim K. Recent Studies and Progress in the Intratumoral Administration of Nano-Sized Drug Delivery Systems. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2225. [PMID: 37570543 PMCID: PMC10421122 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, diverse types of nano-sized drug delivery systems (nanoDDSs) have been intensively explored for cancer therapy, exploiting their passive tumor targetability with an enhanced permeability and retention effect. However, their systemic administration has aroused some unavoidable complications, including insufficient tumor-targeting efficiency, side effects due to their undesirable biodistribution, and carrier-associated toxicity. In this review, the recent studies and advancements in intratumoral nanoDDS administration are generally summarized. After identifying the factors to be considered to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of intratumoral nanoDDS administration, the experimental results on the application of intratumoral nanoDDS administration to various types of cancer therapies are discussed. Subsequently, the reports on clinical studies of intratumoral nanoDDS administration are addressed in short. Intratumoral nanoDDS administration is proven with its versatility to enhance the tumor-specific accumulation and retention of therapeutic agents for various therapeutic modalities. Specifically, it can improve the efficacy of therapeutic agents with poor bioavailability by increasing their intratumoral concentration, while minimizing the side effect of highly toxic agents by restricting their delivery to normal tissues. Intratumoral administration of nanoDDS is considered to expand its application area due to its potent ability to improve therapeutic effects and relieve the systemic toxicities of nanoDDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Su Yun
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KU-KIST), Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongrae Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KU-KIST), Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Lim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KU-KIST), Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwee Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KU-KIST), Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ik Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Prieto-Fernández L, Montoro-Jiménez I, de Luxan-Delgado B, Otero-Rosales M, Rodrigo JP, Calvo F, García-Pedrero JM, Álvarez-Teijeiro S. Dissecting the functions of cancer-associated fibroblasts to therapeutically target head and neck cancer microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114502. [PMID: 37002578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNC) are a diverse group of aggressive malignancies with high morbidity and mortality, leading to almost half-million deaths annually worldwide. A better understanding of the molecular processes governing tumor formation and progression is crucial to improve current diagnostic and prognostic tools as well as to develop more personalized treatment strategies. Tumors are highly complex and heterogeneous structures in which growth and dissemination is not only governed by the cancer cells intrinsic mechanisms, but also by the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) emerge as predominant TME components and key players in the generation of permissive conditions that ultimately impact in tumor progression and metastatic dissemination. Although CAFs were initially considered a consequence of tumor development, it is now well established that they actively contribute to numerous cancer hallmarks i.e., tumor cell growth, migration and invasion, cancer cell stemness, angiogenesis, metabolic reprograming, inflammation, and immune system modulation. In this scenario, therapeutic strategies targeting CAF functions could potentially have a major impact in cancer therapeutics, providing avenues for new treatment options or for improving efficacy in established approaches. This review is focused on thoroughly dissecting existing evidences supporting the contribution of CAFs in HNC biology with an emphasis on current knowledge of the key molecules and pathways involved in CAF-tumor crosstalk, and their potential as novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets to effectively interfere the tumor-stroma crosstalk for HNC patients benefit. involved in CAF-tumor crosstalk, and their potential as novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets to effec- tively interfere the tumor-stroma crosstalk for HNC patients benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llara Prieto-Fernández
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Montoro-Jiménez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Luxan-Delgado
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Otero-Rosales
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Calvo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Cantabria), Santander, Spain
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Saúl Álvarez-Teijeiro
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Bauman JE, Saba NF, Roe D, Bauman JR, Kaczmar J, Bhatia A, Muzaffar J, Julian R, Wang S, Bearelly S, Baker A, Steuer C, Giri A, Burtness B, Centuori S, Caulin C, Klein R, Saboda K, Obara S, Chung CH. Randomized Phase II Trial of Ficlatuzumab With or Without Cetuximab in Pan-Refractory, Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2023:JCO2201994. [PMID: 36977289 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary or acquired resistance to cetuximab, an antiepidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody (mAb), minimizes its utility in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Aberrant hepatocyte growth factor/cMet pathway activation is an established resistance mechanism. Dual pathway targeting may overcome resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS This multicenter, randomized, noncomparative phase II study evaluated ficlatuzumab, an antihepatocyte growth factor mAb, with or without cetuximab in recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. The primary end point was median progression-free survival (PFS); an arm met significance criteria if the lower bound of the 90% CI excluded the historical control of 2 months. Key eligibility criteria were HNSCC with known human papillomavirus (HPV) status, cetuximab resistance (progression within 6 months of exposure in the definitive or recurrent/metastatic setting), and resistance to platinum and anti-PD-1 mAb. Secondary end points included objective response rate (ORR), toxicity, and the association of HPV status and cMet overexpression with efficacy. Continuous Bayesian futility monitoring was used. RESULTS From 2018 to 2020, 60 patients were randomly assigned and 58 were treated. Twenty-seven versus 33 patients were allocated to monotherapy versus combination. Arms were balanced for major prognostic factors. The monotherapy arm closed early for futility. The combination arm met prespecified significance criteria with a median PFS of 3.7 months (lower bound 90% CI, 2.3 months; P = .04); the ORR was 6 of 32 (19%), including two complete and four partial responses. Exploratory analyses were limited to the combination arm: the median PFS was 2.3 versus 4.1 months (P = .03) and the ORR was 0 of 16 (0%) versus 6 of 16 (38%; P = .02) in the HPV-positive versus HPV-negative subgroups, respectively. cMet overexpression was associated with reduced hazard of progression in HPV-negative but not HPV-positive disease (P interaction = .02). CONCLUSION The ficlatuzumab-cetuximab arm met significance criteria for PFS and warrants phase III development. HPV-negative HNSCC merits consideration as a selection criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Bauman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, George Washington (GW) University and GW Cancer Center, Washington, DC
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona (UA) College of Medicine-Tucson and UA Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Denise Roe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UA Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, UA Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
| | - Jessica R Bauman
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Temple-Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Kaczmar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) College of Medicine and MUSC Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Aarti Bhatia
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Jameel Muzaffar
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Ricklie Julian
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona (UA) College of Medicine-Tucson and UA Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
| | - Steven Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UA College of Medicine-Tucson and UA Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
| | - Shethal Bearelly
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UA College of Medicine-Tucson and UA Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
| | - Audrey Baker
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UA College of Medicine-Tucson and UA Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
| | - Conor Steuer
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anshu Giri
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Temple-Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Barbara Burtness
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Sara Centuori
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona (UA) College of Medicine-Tucson and UA Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
| | - Carlos Caulin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UA College of Medicine-Tucson and UA Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
| | - Robert Klein
- Department of Pathology, UA College of Medicine-Tucson and UA Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
| | - Kathylynn Saboda
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, UA Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
| | - Stefanie Obara
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona (UA) College of Medicine-Tucson and UA Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
| | - Christine H Chung
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
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Zhou J, Schwenk-Zieger S, Kranz G, Walz C, Klauschen F, Dhawan S, Canis M, Gires O, Haubner F, Baumeister P, Kohlbauer V. Isolation and characterization of head and neck cancer-derived peritumoral and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Front Oncol 2022; 12:984138. [PMID: 36544698 PMCID: PMC9760815 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.984138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are characterized by strong cellular and molecular heterogeneity and treatment resistance entailing poor survival. Besides cell-intrinsic properties, carcinoma cells receive important cues from non-malignant cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the TME that impact on the molecular make-up of malignant cells and have a decisive function in tumor progression. However, the potential functionality of fibroblasts within tumor-adjacent, macroscopically normal tissue remains poorly explored. Methods Here, we isolated primary peritumoral fibroblasts (PtFs) from macroscopically normal tissue in vicinity of primary human papillomavirus-negative and -positive oropharyngeal HNSCC and compared their phenotype and functionality with matched CAFs (n = 5 pairs) and with human oral fibroblasts (hOFs). Results Expression patterns of CD90, CD73, CD105, smooth muscle actin, Vimentin, and S100A4 were comparable in PtFs, CAFs, and hOFs. Cell proliferation and doubling times of CAFs and PtFs were heterogeneous across patients (n =2 PtF>CAF; n = 1 CAF>PtF; n = 2 CAF=PtF) and reflected inferior growth than hOFs. Furthermore, PtFs displayed an reduced heterogeneity in cell size compared to matched CAFs, which were characterized by the presence of single large cells. Overall, conditioned supernatants from CAFs had more frequently growth-promoting effects on a panel of carcinoma cell lines of the upper aerodigestive tract carcinoma cell lines (Cal27, Cal33, FaDu, and Kyse30), whereas significant differences in migration-inducing effects demonstrated a higher potential of PtFs. Except for Kyse30, CAFs were significantly superior to hOFs in promoting proliferation, while PtFs induced stronger migration than hOFs in all carcinoma lines tested. Analysis of soluble factors demonstrated significantly increased VEGF-A production in CAFs (except in pat.8), and significantly increased PDGF-BB production in PtFs of two patients. Tube formation assays confirmed a significantly enhanced angiogenic potential of conditioned supernatants from CAFs compared to hOFs on human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Discussion Hence, matched CAFs and PtFs present in HNSCC patients are heterogeneous in their proliferation-, migration-, and angiogenesis-promoting capacity. Despite this heterogeneity, CAFs induced stronger carcinoma cell proliferation and HUVEC tube formation overall, whereas PtFs promoted migration of tumor cells more strongly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefu Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Schwenk-Zieger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Gisela Kranz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Walz
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frederik Klauschen
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sharduli Dhawan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany,Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany,Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Haubner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Baumeister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany,Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vera Kohlbauer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany,*Correspondence: Vera Kohlbauer,
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Despite a dearth of activating driver mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), aberrant activation of the oncogenes, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and c-Met is near-universal in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative disease. Although EGFR activation drove the successful development of the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab in HNSCC, no c-Met-targeting therapy has gained regulatory approval. Inhibition of the c-Met pathway may subvert oncogenesis within the tumor-intrinsic compartment, blocking tumoral proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis, or the tumor-extrinsic compartment, modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the rationale and current drug development strategies for targeting c-Met or its exclusive ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in HNSCC.
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Șerbănescu MS, Bungărdean RM, Georgiu C, Crișan M. Nodular and Micronodular Basal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes Are Different Tumors Based on Their Morphological Architecture and Their Interaction with the Surrounding Stroma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071636. [PMID: 35885545 PMCID: PMC9323345 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent cancer of the skin and comprises low-risk and high-risk subtypes. We selected a low-risk subtype, namely, nodular (N), and a high-risk subtype, namely, micronodular (MN), with the aim to identify differences between them using a classical morphometric approach through a gray-level co-occurrence matrix and histogram analysis, as well as an approach based on deep learning semantic segmentation. From whole-slide images, pathologists selected 216 N and 201 MN BCC images. The two groups were then manually segmented and compared based on four morphological areas: center of the BCC islands (tumor, T), peripheral palisading of the BCC islands (touching tumor, TT), peritumoral cleft (PC) and surrounding stroma (S). We found that the TT pattern varied the least, while the PC pattern varied the most between the two subtypes. The combination of two distinct analysis approaches yielded fresh insights into the characterization of BCC, and thus, we were able to describe two different morphological patterns for the T component of the two subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea-Sebastian Șerbănescu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Raluca Maria Bungărdean
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Carmen Georgiu
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Maria Crișan
- Department of Histology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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González-González R, Ortiz-Sarabia G, Molina-Frechero N, Salas-Pacheco JM, Salas-Pacheco SM, Lavalle-Carrasco J, López-Verdín S, Tremillo-Maldonado O, Bologna-Molina R. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Associated with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123027. [PMID: 34204259 PMCID: PMC8234594 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are aggressive, recurrent, and metastatic neoplasms with a high occurrence around the world and can lead to death when not treated appropriately. Several molecules and signaling pathways are involved in the malignant conversion process. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been described in HNSCCs, a major type of aggressive carcinoma. EMT describes the development of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, which depends on several molecular interactions and signaling pathways that facilitate mesenchymal conversion. This is related to interactions with the microenvironment of the tumor, hypoxia, growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases, and the presence of viral infections. In this review, we focus on the main molecules related to EMT, their interactions with the tumor microenvironment, plasticity phenomena, epigenetic regulation, hypoxia, inflammation, their relationship with immune cells, and the inhibition of EMT in the context of HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio González-González
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34000, Mexico; (R.G.-G.); (G.O.-S.); (O.T.-M.)
| | - Gamaliel Ortiz-Sarabia
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34000, Mexico; (R.G.-G.); (G.O.-S.); (O.T.-M.)
| | - Nelly Molina-Frechero
- Xochimilco Unit, Department of Health Care, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (N.M.-F.); (J.L.-C.)
| | - José Manuel Salas-Pacheco
- Scientific Research Institute, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Avenida Universidad S/N, Durango 34000, Mexico; (J.M.S.-P.); (S.M.S.-P.)
| | - Sergio Manuel Salas-Pacheco
- Scientific Research Institute, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Avenida Universidad S/N, Durango 34000, Mexico; (J.M.S.-P.); (S.M.S.-P.)
| | - Jesús Lavalle-Carrasco
- Xochimilco Unit, Department of Health Care, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (N.M.-F.); (J.L.-C.)
| | - Sandra López-Verdín
- Health Science Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 4430, Mexico;
| | - Omar Tremillo-Maldonado
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34000, Mexico; (R.G.-G.); (G.O.-S.); (O.T.-M.)
| | - Ronell Bologna-Molina
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34000, Mexico; (R.G.-G.); (G.O.-S.); (O.T.-M.)
- Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
- Correspondence:
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Temgire S, Garje S, Khare V. Mucosal burning: A case report of rare finding in maxillary sinus carcinoma. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_22_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Magan M, Wiechec E, Roberg K. CAFs affect the proliferation and treatment response of head and neck cancer spheroids during co-culturing in a unique in vitro model. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:599. [PMID: 33353547 PMCID: PMC7756959 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors for which the overall survival rate worldwide is around 60%. The tumor microenvironment, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), is believed to affect the treatment response and migration of HNSCC. The aim of this study was to create a biologically relevant HNSCC in vitro model consisting of both tumor cells and CAFs cultured in 3D to establish predictive biomarkers for treatment response, as well as to investigate the impact of CAFs on phenotype, proliferation and treatment response in HNSCC cells. Methods Three different HNSCC patient-derived tumor cell lines were cultured with and without CAFs in a 3D model. Immunohistochemistry of the proliferation marker Ki67, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and fibronectin and a TUNEL-assay were performed to analyze the effect of CAFs on both tumor cell proliferation and response to cisplatin and cetuximab treatment in tumor spheroids (3D). mRNA expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells markers were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Results The results demonstrated increased cell proliferation within the tumor spheroids in the presence of CAFs, correlating with increased expression of EGFR. In spheroids with increased expression of EGFR, a potentiated response to cetuximab treatment was observed. Surprisingly, an increase in Ki67 expressing tumor cells were observed in spheroids treated with cisplatin for 3 days, correlating with increased expression of EGFR. Furthermore, tumor cells co-cultured with CAFs presented an increased EMT phenotype compared to tumor cells cultured alone in 3D. Conclusion Taken together, our results reveal increased cell proliferation and elevated expression of EGFR in HNSCC tumor spheroids in the presence of CAFs. These results, together with the altered EMT phenotype, may influence the response to cetuximab or cisplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Magan
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping, Anesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emilia Wiechec
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Roberg
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping, Anesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
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Knops AM, South A, Rodeck U, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Harshyne LA, Johnson J, Luginbuhl AJ, Curry JM. Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Density, Prognostic Characteristics, and Recurrence in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:565306. [PMID: 33330034 PMCID: PMC7729160 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.565306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The progression and clinical course of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) relies on complex interactions between cancer and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Among the most abundant of these stromal cells are cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). While their contribution to tumor progression is widely acknowledged, and various CAF-targeted treatments are under development, the relationship between CAF density and the clinicopathologic course of HNSCC has not been clearly defined. Here we examine the published evidence investigating the relationship of cancer-associated fibroblasts to local recurrence and indicators of prognostic significance in HNSCC. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis of existing publications that compare the relationship between CAF density, local recurrence, and clinically significant pathologic criteria of disease development (T stage, nodal positivity, clinical stage, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, Ki67 expression, and differentiation). Thirteen studies met the selection criteria, providing a total study population of 926 patients. Forest plots and risk ratios were generated to illustrate overall relationships. Results Higher CAF density within the tumor microenvironment is associated with advanced T stage, nodal infiltration, clinical stage, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, Ki67 expression, and differentiation (p <0.05). High CAF density is also associated with increased rates of local recurrence (p <0.001). Conclusions Across multiple studies, increased CAF density is correlated with histopathological criteria of poor prognosis in HNSCC. These findings highlight that CAFs may play a pivotal role in HNSCC development and progression. Staining for CAFs may represent a valuable addition to current pathologic analysis and help to guide prognosis and treatment. Understanding the mechanisms by which CAFs reciprocally interact with cancer cells will be crucial for optimization of TME-focused treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Knops
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew South
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ulrich Rodeck
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Larry A Harshyne
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Adam J Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joseph M Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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11
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Pisani P, Airoldi M, Allais A, Aluffi Valletti P, Battista M, Benazzo M, Briatore R, Cacciola S, Cocuzza S, Colombo A, Conti B, Costanzo A, della Vecchia L, Denaro N, Fantozzi C, Galizia D, Garzaro M, Genta I, Iasi GA, Krengli M, Landolfo V, Lanza GV, Magnano M, Mancuso M, Maroldi R, Masini L, Merlano MC, Piemonte M, Pisani S, Prina-Mello A, Prioglio L, Rugiu MG, Scasso F, Serra A, Valente G, Zannetti M, Zigliani A. Metastatic disease in head & neck oncology. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA : ORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI OTORINOLARINGOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA CERVICO-FACCIALE 2020; 40:S1-S86. [PMID: 32469009 PMCID: PMC7263073 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-suppl.1-40-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The head and neck district represents one of the most frequent sites of cancer, and the percentage of metastases is very high in both loco-regional and distant areas. Prognosis refers to several factors: a) stage of disease; b) loco-regional relapses; c) distant metastasis. At diagnosis, distant metastases of head and neck cancers are present in about 10% of cases with an additional 20-30% developing metastases during the course of their disease. Diagnosis of distant metastases is associated with unfavorable prognosis, with a median survival of about 10 months. The aim of the present review is to provide an update on distant metastasis in head and neck oncology. Recent achievements in molecular profiling, interaction between neoplastic tissue and the tumor microenvironment, oligometastatic disease concepts, and the role of immunotherapy have all deeply changed the therapeutic approach and disease control. Firstly, we approach topics such as natural history, epidemiology of distant metastases and relevant pathological and radiological aspects. Focus is then placed on the most relevant clinical aspects; particular attention is reserved to tumours with distant metastasis and positive for EBV and HPV, and the oligometastatic concept. A substantial part of the review is dedicated to different therapeutic approaches. We highlight the role of immunotherapy and the potential effects of innovative technologies. Lastly, we present ethical and clinical perspectives related to frailty in oncological patients and emerging difficulties in sustainable socio-economical governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pisani
- ENT Unit, ASL AT, “Cardinal Massaja” Hospital, Asti, Italy
| | - Mario Airoldi
- Medical Oncology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Aluffi Valletti
- SCDU Otorinolaringoiatria, AOU Maggiore della Carità di Novara, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | | | - Marco Benazzo
- SC Otorinolaringoiatria, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico “S. Matteo”, Università di Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Salvatore Cocuzza
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Colombo
- ENT Unit, ASL AT, “Cardinal Massaja” Hospital, Asti, Italy
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
- Polymerix S.r.L., Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Laura della Vecchia
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology General Hospital “Macchi”, ASST dei Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Nerina Denaro
- Oncology Department A.O.S. Croce & Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Galizia
- Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo,Italy
| | - Massimiliano Garzaro
- SCDU Otorinolaringoiatria, AOU Maggiore della Carità di Novara, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
- Polymerix S.r.L., Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Krengli
- Dipartimento Medico Specialistico ed Oncologico, SC Radioterapia Oncologica, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Vittorio Lanza
- S.O.C. Chirurgia Toracica, Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale “SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”, Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Mancuso
- S.O.C. Chirurgia Toracica, Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale “SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Roberto Maroldi
- Department of Radiology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Masini
- Dipartimento Medico Specialistico ed Oncologico, SC Radioterapia Oncologica, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Carlo Merlano
- Oncology Department A.O.S. Croce & Carle, Cuneo, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo,Italy
| | - Marco Piemonte
- ENT Unit, University Hospital “Santa Maria della Misericordia”, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvia Pisani
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico “S. Matteo”, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- LBCAM, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Luca Prioglio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ASL 3 “Genovese”, “Padre Antero Micone” Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Felice Scasso
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ASL 3 “Genovese”, “Padre Antero Micone” Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Agostino Serra
- University of Catania, Italy
- G.B. Morgagni Foundation, Catania, Italy
| | - Guido Valente
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Micol Zannetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Angelo Zigliani
- Department of Radiology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Italy
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12
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Yegodayev KM, Novoplansky O, Golden A, Prasad M, Levin L, Jagadeeshan S, Zorea J, Dimitstein O, Joshua BZ, Cohen L, Khrameeva E, Elkabets M. TGF-Beta-Activated Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Limit Cetuximab Efficacy in Preclinical Models of Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020339. [PMID: 32028632 PMCID: PMC7073231 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most head and neck cancer (HNC) patients are resistant to cetuximab, an antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor. Such therapy resistance is known to be mediated, in part, by stromal cells surrounding the tumor cells; however, the mechanisms underlying such a resistance phenotype remain unclear. To identify the mechanisms of cetuximab resistance in an unbiased manner, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of HNC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) was performed. Comparing the gene expression of HNC-PDXs before and after treatment with cetuximab indicated that the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway was upregulated in the stromal cells of PDXs that progressed on cetuximab treatment (CetuximabProg-PDX). However, in PDXs that were extremely sensitive to cetuximab (CetuximabSen-PDX), the TGF-beta pathway was downregulated in the stromal compartment. Histopathological analysis of PDXs showed that TGF-beta-activation was detected in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of CetuximabProg-PDX. These TGF-beta-activated CAFs were sufficient to limit cetuximab efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, blocking the TGF-beta pathway using the SMAD3 inhibitor, SIS3, enhanced cetuximab efficacy and prevented the progression of CetuximabProg-PDX. Altogether, our findings indicate that TGF-beta-activated CAFs play a role in limiting cetuximab efficacy in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia M. Yegodayev
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel (O.N.); (M.P.); (S.J.); (J.Z.); (L.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel; (O.D.); (B.-Z.J.)
| | - Ofra Novoplansky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel (O.N.); (M.P.); (S.J.); (J.Z.); (L.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel; (O.D.); (B.-Z.J.)
| | - Artemiy Golden
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Manu Prasad
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel (O.N.); (M.P.); (S.J.); (J.Z.); (L.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel; (O.D.); (B.-Z.J.)
| | - Liron Levin
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel;
| | - Sankar Jagadeeshan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel (O.N.); (M.P.); (S.J.); (J.Z.); (L.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel; (O.D.); (B.-Z.J.)
| | - Jonathan Zorea
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel (O.N.); (M.P.); (S.J.); (J.Z.); (L.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel; (O.D.); (B.-Z.J.)
| | - Orr Dimitstein
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel; (O.D.); (B.-Z.J.)
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ben-Zion Joshua
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel; (O.D.); (B.-Z.J.)
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Limor Cohen
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel (O.N.); (M.P.); (S.J.); (J.Z.); (L.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel; (O.D.); (B.-Z.J.)
| | - Ekaterina Khrameeva
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (M.E.); Tel.: +7-495-280-14-81 (E.K.); +972-8642-8846 (M.E.)
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel (O.N.); (M.P.); (S.J.); (J.Z.); (L.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel; (O.D.); (B.-Z.J.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (M.E.); Tel.: +7-495-280-14-81 (E.K.); +972-8642-8846 (M.E.)
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13
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Steer A, Cordes N, Jendrossek V, Klein D. Impact of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast on the Radiation-Response of Solid Xenograft Tumors. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:70. [PMID: 31475157 PMCID: PMC6705217 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the heterogeneous tumor stroma supports therapy resistance at multiple levels. Fibroblasts, particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical components of the tumor stroma. However, the impact of CAFs on the outcome of radiotherapy (RT) is poorly understood. Here, we investigated if and how fibroblasts/CAFs modulate the radiation response of malignant tumors by altering cancer cell radiosensitivity or radioresistance in vitro and in vivo. The influence of fibroblasts on cancer cell proliferation, cell death induction and long-term survival after RT was studied using different sets of fibroblasts and cancer cells in an indirect co-culture (2D) system to analyse potential paracrine interactions or a 3D model to study direct interactions. Paracrine signals from embryonic NIH-3T3 fibroblasts promoted MPR31.4 prostate and Py8119 breast cancer cell proliferation. Indirect co-culture with L929 skin fibroblasts induced higher levels of apoptosis in irradiated MPR31.4 cells, while they promoted proliferation of irradiated Py8119 cells. In addition, NIH-3T3 fibroblasts promoted long-term clonogenic survival of both tumor cell types upon irradiation in the 3D co-culture system when compared to non-irradiated controls. Also in vivo, co-implantation of cancer cells and fibroblasts resulted in different effects depending on the respective cell combinations used: co-implantation of MPR31.4 cells with NIH-3T3 fibroblasts or of Py8119 cells with L929 fibroblasts led to increased tumor growth and reduced radiation-induced tumor growth delay when compared to the respective tumors without co-implanted fibroblasts. Taken together, the impact of fibroblasts on cancer cell behavior and radiation sensitivity largely depended on the respective cell types used as they either exerted a pro-tumorigenic and radioresistance-promoting effect, an anti-tumorigenic effect, or no effect. We conclude that the plasticity of fibroblasts allows for such a broad spectrum of activities by the same fibroblast and that this plasticity is at least in part mediated by cancer cell-induced fibroblast activation toward CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Steer
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Nils Cordes
- Faculty of Medicine, OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Partner Site Dresden, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
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14
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Mu L, Yu W, Su H, Lin Y, Sui W, Yu X, Qin C. Relationship between the expressions of PD-L1 and tumour-associated fibroblasts in gastric cancer. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1036-1042. [PMID: 30983436 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1573741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have focused on the changes of tumour cells in immune escape, and less is known about the effect of tumour microenvironment (TME) on immune escape. Tumour-associated fibroblasts (TAF) is an important part of the TME and has special physiological and biochemical characteristics, but the specific mechanism has not been clarified. In order to investigate the effect of TAF on the expression of PD-L1 in gastric cancer cells, gastric cancer cell lines MNK45, SGC7901 were non-contact co-culturing with TAF 1, 3 and 7 d via transwell. PD-L1 mRNA and protein expression were detected using qRT-PCR and FCM. Then, 95 cases of gastric cancer tissues were selected and evaluated PD-L1 and TAF expressions by immunohistochemical examination. The results showed that the mRNA and protein expression of PD-L1 in the experiment group were significantly higher than that in the control group. PD-L1 expression was associated with massive lymphocyte infiltration, diffuse/mixed histology and intratumoral TAFs in gastric cancers. In conclusion, TAFs promoted the growth in gastric cancer cell lines by increased the PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsong Mu
- a Department of General Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , 250021 , China.,b Department of General Surgery , The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , 264000 , China
| | - Wentao Yu
- b Department of General Surgery , The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , 264000 , China
| | - Hailong Su
- b Department of General Surgery , The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , 264000 , China
| | - Yang Lin
- b Department of General Surgery , The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , 264000 , China
| | - Wu Sui
- b Department of General Surgery , The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , 264000 , China
| | - Xiang Yu
- b Department of General Surgery , The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , 264000 , China
| | - Chengkun Qin
- c Department of Hepatological Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , 250021 , China
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15
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Ba P, Zhang X, Yu M, Li L, Duan X, Wang M, Lv S, Fu G, Yang P, Yang C, Sun Q. Cancer associated fibroblasts are distinguishable from peri-tumor fibroblasts by biological characteristics in TSCC. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2484-2490. [PMID: 31404347 PMCID: PMC6676749 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the differential biological characteristics between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and peri-tumor fibroblasts (PTFs) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). The primary CAFs and PTFs from TSCC were obtained and purified. Cell morphology was observed, and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The percentage of α-SMA positive cells in CAFs and PTFs was calculated separately, and α-SMA expression was further confirmed by western blot analysis. Cell viability and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), stromal cell derived factor1 (SDF-1) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) in the purified fibroblasts was detected separately. CAFs and PTFs were attained and purified. Compared with PTFs, CAFs were long-fusiform shaped cells with reduced cytoplasm and variable size. CAFs crowded together in a disorderly manner when the cell density was increased, but this phenomenon did not occur with PTFs. IHC results verified that there was no significant difference between CAFs and PTFs in the percentage of cells staining positive for CK19 and vimentin (P>0.05); the percentage of positive staining cells for α-SMA in CAFs was significantly higher compared with that in PTFs (P<0.001) Western blot analysis showed that α-SMA expression in CAFs was 4.3-fold higher compared with that in PTFs (P<0.001). A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay indicated that the viability of CAFs increased significantly compared with that in the PTFs (P<0.05). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA analysis showed that the expression of MMP2, SDF-1 and TGF β1 in CAFs was higher compared with that in PTFs (P<0.05). CAFs are distinguishable from PTFs with respect to their morphology, cellular phenotype, cell viability and pro-carcinogenic cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ba
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Periodontology, Weihai Stomatological Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Linxia Li
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- National Engineering Laboratory, WeGo Group Co., Ltd., Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Mingying Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Weihai Stomatological Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Lv
- Department of Periodontology, Weihai Stomatological Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Guo Fu
- Department of Periodontology, Weihai Stomatological Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Pishan Yang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chengzhe Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qinfeng Sun
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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16
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Jiang E, Xu Z, Wang M, Yan T, Huang C, Zhou X, Liu Q, Wang L, Chen Y, Wang H, Liu K, Shao Z, Shang Z. Tumoral microvesicle-activated glycometabolic reprogramming in fibroblasts promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma. FASEB J 2019; 33:5690-5703. [PMID: 30698991 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802226r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. Stromal cells could function as providers of energy metabolites for tumor cells by undergoing the "reverse Warburg effect," but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The interaction between the tumoral microvesicles (TMVs) and stroma in the tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in facilitating cancer progression. In this study, we demonstrated a novel mechanism for the TMV-mediated glycometabolic reprogramming of stromal cells. After being incubated with TMVs, normal human gingival fibroblasts exhibited a phenotype switch to cancer-associated fibroblasts and underwent a degradation of caveolin 1 (CAV1) through the ERK1/2-activation pathway. CAV1 degradation further induced the metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis in the fibroblasts. The microvesicle-activated fibroblasts absorbed more glucose and produced more lactate. The migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were promoted after being cocultured with the activated fibroblasts. Fibroblast-cancer cell glycometabolic coupling ring mediated by monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 4 and MCT1 was then proved in the tumor microenvironment. Results indicated a mechanism for tumor progression by the crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells through the reverse Warburg effect via TMVs, thereby identifying potential targets for OSCC prevention and treatment.-Jiang, E., Xu, Z., Wang, M., Yan, T., Huang, C., Zhou, X., Liu, Q., Wang, L., Chen, Y., Wang, H., Liu, K., Shao, Z., Shang, Z. Tumoral microvesicle-activated glycometabolic reprogramming in fibroblasts promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhui Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tinglin Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China
| | - Chunming Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaocheng Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School of Stomatology-Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Shao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School of Stomatology-Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengjun Shang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School of Stomatology-Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Haave H, Gulati S, Brekke J, Lybak S, Vintermyr OK, Aarstad HJ. Tumor stromal desmoplasia and inflammatory response uniquely predict survival with and without stratification for HPV tumor infection in OPSCC patients. Acta Otolaryngol 2018; 138:1035-1042. [PMID: 30734620 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2018.1497809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) increases wolrd wide. AIMS/OBJECTIVES The objective for this study has been to evaluate tumor phenotypes and tumor host responses with respect to five-year disease-specific survival (DSS) in HPV(+) and HPV(-) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two hundred patients with OPSCC have been treated between 1992 and 2010. Histopathology slides from these patients have been morphologically evaluated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). From HE-stained sections tumor phenotype (keratinization, fraction of mature cancer cells and pattern of invasion) and tumor host responses (inflammation and stromal desmoplasia) were evaluated with respect to five years DSS. RESULTS High tumor inflammatory response and low stromal desmoplasia had an independent effect predicting better five-year DSS among all patients and when analyzed separately in the HPV(-) and HPV(+) cohort of patients using a Cox regression survival analysis that also included standard clinical prognostic variables among OPSCC patients. CONCLUSION Tumor host responses, inflammation and stromal desmoplasia may become part of routine work-up in OPSCC patients due to prognostic value. SIGNIFICANCE We present a method, accessible in most clinical locations and would give important additional information about prognosis in OPSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Haave
- Department of ENT/Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sahil Gulati
- Department of ENT/Head and Neck surgery, Haukeland Universitetssjukehus, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jorunn Brekke
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stein Lybak
- Department of ENT/Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav K. Vintermyr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans Jørgen Aarstad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Deptartment of ENT/Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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18
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Sparger EE, Murphy BG, Kamal FM, Arzi B, Naydan D, Skouritakis CT, Cox DP, Skorupski K. Investigation of immune cell markers in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 202:52-62. [PMID: 30078599 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common oral cancer in the cat and presents as a locally aggressive lesion for which an effective therapeutic protocol remains elusive. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) shares many clinical characteristics with human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Accordingly, present studies were conducted to determine similarities for immune markers shared by feline OSCC and human HNSCC. Biopsies harvested from a feline patient cohort-1 (n = 12) were analyzed for lymphoid cell infiltrates by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results revealed unique patterns of T cell infiltration involving both neoplastic epithelium and stroma that were detected in most patient tumor biopsies (92%) examined by IHC staining for CD3. Intratumoral B cell infiltrates were detected within tumor stroma only, based on IHC staining for CD79a and CD20 for all patients within the same cohort-1. Infiltration of tumors by a regulatory CD4 T cell subset (Tregs) defined by expression of the forkhead transcription factor FoxP3, was also detected in biopsies from 57% of patients and involved infiltration of neoplastic epithelium and stroma. Patient biopsies were also examined for expression of immunomodulator cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and revealed positive but weak staining of neoplastic epithelium in a significant proportion of cases (75%). Interestingly, COX-2 expression was detected in both neoplastic epithelium and stroma. Blood collected from a second cohort of feline OSCC patients (n = 9) revealed an increased frequency of circulating CD4+FoxP3+ T cells when compared to healthy adult controls (n = 7) (P = 0.045), although frequencies of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells were comparable between patients and healthy pet cat controls. Lastly, biopsies from feline OSCC patients were characterized for histologic subtype using a classification scheme previously described for human HNSCC. This analysis revealed the conventional subtype as the predominant variant (75%) with conventional subtypes split evenly between well differentiated and moderately differentiated carcinomas. Two cases were classified as papillary and one case as basaloid subtypes. Correlations between subtype, immune marker scores or circulating Treg frequencies and clinical characteristics or outcome were not detected, most likely due to small patient numbers within patient cohorts. However, findings from these studies provide a preliminary step in the characterization of immune and histologic markers that will be critical to defining prognostic immune markers for feline OSCC and potential targets for testing of immunotherapeutics also relevant to human HNSCC in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E Sparger
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Brian G Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Farina Mustaffa Kamal
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Diane Naydan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chrisoula T Skouritakis
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Darren P Cox
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Skorupski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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19
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Kolenda T, Przybyła W, Kapałczyńska M, Teresiak A, Zajączkowska M, Bliźniak R, Lamperska KM. Tumor microenvironment - Unknown niche with powerful therapeutic potential. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2018; 23:143-153. [PMID: 29760589 PMCID: PMC5948324 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are in a group of cancers that are the most resistant to treatment. The survival rate of HNSCC patients has been still very low since last 20 years. The existence of relationship between oncogenic and surrounding cells is probably the reason for a poor response to treatment. Fibroblasts are an important element of tumor stroma which increases tumor cells ability to proliferate. Another highly resistance, tumorigenic and metastatic cell population in tumor microenvironment are cancer initiating cells (CICs). The population of cancer initiating cells can be found regardless of differentiation status of cancer and they seem to be crucial for HNSCC development. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge about HNSCC biological and physiological tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Weronika Przybyła
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Research, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Kapałczyńska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Zajączkowska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Renata Bliźniak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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20
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived β2-Microglobulin Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5422. [PMID: 29615660 PMCID: PMC5883027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been considered as one of the pivotal type of cells composing the tumor microenvironment. Although contact-dependent mechanisms and paracrine factors are thought to collaborate in governing the MSCs-based effects on tumors progression, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In particular, the involvement of MSCs-derived cytokines in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been clarified. In this study, we observed that β2-Microglobulin (B2M) is highly expressed in MSCs but scarcely in ESCC cells. Based on the previously described EMT promoting effect of B2M, we investigated the in vitro effect of MSCs-derived B2M on the EMT of ESCC cells, and discovered its subsequent enhancing effects on cell mobility and tumor-initiation. Further xenograft transplantation experiments confirmed the in vivo induction of tumor-initiation by MSCs-derived B2M. Noteworthy, we showed that the B2M expression positively correlated with poor prognosis. The fact that B2M is primarily expressed by the stroma of the ESCC tissue strengthens our hypothesis that in ESCC, MSCs-derived B2M promotes tumor-initiation and invasion via enhancing EMT, resulting in an adverse prognosis for the patients. Our results will be valuable for the prediction of the development and treatment of ESCC.
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21
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Takahashi H, Sakakura K, Kudo T, Toyoda M, Kaira K, Oyama T, Chikamatsu K. Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment through the induction and accumulation of protumoral macrophages. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8633-8647. [PMID: 28052009 PMCID: PMC5352428 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) closely interact with tumor cells and affect tumor cell behavior in diverse manners. We herein investigated the mechanisms by which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) affect the functional polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in vitro and in human cancer samples. The expression of CD68, CD14, CD163, CD200R, CD206, HLA-G, CD80, and CD86 was higher in CD14-positive cells co-cultured with the culture supernatants of CAFs established from OSCC specimens (CAF-educated cells) than in control cells. The gene expression level of ARG1, IL10, and TGFB1 was increased in CAF-educated cells. CAF-educated cells suppressed T cell proliferation more strongly than control cells, and the neutralization of TGF-β IL-10, or arginase I significantly restored T cell proliferation. We then investigated the relationship between the infiltration of CAFs and TAMs using tissue samples obtained from patients with OSCC. The infiltration of CAFs was associated with the numbers of CD68-positive and CD163-positive macrophages. It also correlated with lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and the TNM stage. The infiltration of CAFs was identified as an independent prognostic factor in OSCC. Our results indicate that CAFs play important roles in shaping the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment in OSCC by inducing the protumoral phenotype of TAMs. Therapeutic strategies to reverse CAF-mediated immunosuppression need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Koichi Sakakura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kudo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Minoru Toyoda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chikamatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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22
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Oral Cancer Stem Cells Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1041:207-233. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69194-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Metzler VM, Pritz C, Riml A, Romani A, Tuertscher R, Steinbichler T, Dejaco D, Riechelmann H, Dudás J. Separation of cell survival, growth, migration, and mesenchymal transdifferentiation effects of fibroblast secretome on tumor cells of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317705507. [PMID: 29157176 PMCID: PMC6037299 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts play a central role in tumor invasion, recurrence, and metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of tumor cell self-produced factors and paracrine fibroblast–secreted factors in comparison to indirect co-culture on cancer cell survival, growth, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition using the cell lines SCC-25 and human gingival fibroblasts. Thereby, we particularly focused on the participation of the fibroblast-secreted transforming growth factor beta-1.Tumor cell self-produced factors were sufficient to ensure tumor cell survival and basic cell growth, but fibroblast-secreted paracrine factors significantly increased cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition–related phenotype changes in tumor cells. Transforming growth factor beta-1 generated individually migrating disseminating tumor cell groups or single cells separated from the tumor cell nest, which were characterized by reduced E-cadherin expression. At the same time, transforming growth factor beta-1 inhibited tumor cell proliferation under serum-starved conditions. Neutralizing transforming growth factor beta antibody reduced the cell migration support of fibroblast-conditioned medium. Transforming growth factor beta-1 as a single factor was sufficient for generation of disseminating tumor cells from epithelial tumor cell nests, while other fibroblast paracrine factors supported tumor nest outgrowth. Different fibroblast-released factors might support tumor cell proliferation and invasion, as two separate effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Maria Metzler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Pritz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Riml
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angela Romani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raphaela Tuertscher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teresa Steinbichler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Dejaco
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - József Dudás
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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24
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Omland SH, Wettergren EE, Mollerup S, Asplund M, Mourier T, Hansen AJ, Gniadecki R. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are activated in cutaneous basal cell carcinoma and in the peritumoural skin. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:675. [PMID: 28987144 PMCID: PMC5806272 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the commonest cancer worldwide. BCC is locally invasive and the surrounding stromal microenvironment is pivotal for tumourigenesis. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the microenvironment are essential for tumour growth in a variety of neoplasms but their role in BCC is poorly understood. Methods Material included facial BCC and control skin from the peritumoural area and from the buttocks. With next-generation sequencing (NGS) we compared mRNA expression between BCC and peritumoural skin. qRT-PCR, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining were performed to validate the NGS results and to investigate CAF-related cyto-and chemokines. Results NGS revealed upregulation of 65 genes in BCC coding for extracellular matrix components pointing at CAF-related matrix remodeling. qRT-PCR showed increased mRNA expression of CAF markers FAP-α, PDGFR-β and prolyl-4-hydroxylase in BCC. Peritumoural skin (but not buttock skin) also exhibited high expression of PDGFR-β and prolyl-4-hydroxylase but not FAP-α. We found a similar pattern for the CAF-associated chemokines CCL17, CCL18, CCL22, CCL25, CXCL12 and IL6 with high expression in BCC and peritumoural skin but absence in buttock skin. Immunofluorescence revealed correlation between FAP-α and PDGFR-β and CXCL12 and CCL17. Conclusion Matrix remodeling is the most prominent molecular feature of BCC. CAFs are present within BCC stroma and associated with increased expression of chemokines involved in tumour progression and immunosuppression (CXCL12, CCL17). Fibroblasts from chronically sun-exposed skin near tumours show gene expression patterns resembling that of CAFs, indicating that stromal fibroblasts in cancer-free surgical BCC margins exhibit a tumour promoting phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s12885-017-3663-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Haukali Omland
- Department of Dermato-Venerology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, Nordvest, Denmark.
| | - Erika Elgstrand Wettergren
- Department of Dermato-Venerology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, Nordvest, Denmark
| | - Sarah Mollerup
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Asplund
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Mourier
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Johannes Hansen
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Gniadecki
- Department of Dermato-Venerology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, Nordvest, Denmark.,Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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25
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The survival rate for patients with advanced stages of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) remains poor despite multimodal treatment options. Cetuximab, an anti-EGFR inhibitor, is the only FDA-approved targeted agent for this disease. Recent findings have implicated modifications of the microenvironment and, consequently, phenotypical modifications of the cancer cell, in treatment resistance mechanisms. For many years, cancer research has focused mainly on targetable sites on or inside the cancer cell. Nowadays, in preclinical and clinical studies, a greater emphasis is being placed on drugs that target the tumor microenvironment. Potential targets relate to tumor vascularization, immunology, extracellular matrix components, or cancer-associated fibroblasts. The combination of these new agents with standard treatment options is of particular interest to overcome resistance mechanisms and/or to increase treatment efficacy. Whereas antiangiogenic agents show poor clinical activity, immunotherapy seems to be a more promising tool with an objective response rate (ORR) of 20 % in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (R/M SCC). Other targets, located inside the extracellular matrix or on cancer associated fibroblasts, are under preclinical investigation. These new agents all need to be tested in clinical trials alone, or in combination with standard treatment modalities, based on preclinical data. To increase our knowledge of the complex network between the cancer cell and its environment, preclinical studies should consider co-culture models, and clinical studies should incorporate a translational research objective.
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26
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Influence of TGF-β1 on tumor transition in oral cancer cell and BMSC co-cultures. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:731-740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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27
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Spaw M, Anant S, Thomas SM. Stromal contributions to the carcinogenic process. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1199-1213. [PMID: 27787930 PMCID: PMC5354948 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated stromal cells are dynamic characters that endorse the carcinogenic process in a multitude of ways. The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role throughout the tumor progression, which includes initiation, growth, invasion, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment consists of cellular and non-cellular components. Tumor-associated stromal cell types include the microbiome, immune cells including macrophages, dendritic and T-cells, cells associated with blood and lymphatic vessels including pericytes and endothelial cells, fibroblasts, neuronal cells, and adipocytes. The non-cellular components of the microenvironment include matrix proteins and secreted factors. The development of therapies that target the mechanisms by which stromal cells contribute to successful tumorigenesis is major goal of upcoming cancer research. The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive discussion of the role of each of the tumor-associated stromal cell types in the carcinogenic process with a special focus on target development and therapeutic intervention. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Spaw
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sufi Mary Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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28
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Prime SS, Cirillo N, Hassona Y, Lambert DW, Paterson IC, Mellone M, Thomas GJ, James ENL, Parkinson EK. Fibroblast activation and senescence in oral cancer. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:82-88. [PMID: 27237745 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is now compelling evidence that the tumour stroma plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancers of epithelial origin. The pre-eminent cell type of the stroma is carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. These cells demonstrate remarkable heterogeneity with activation and senescence being common stress responses. In this review, we summarise the part that these cells play in cancer, particularly oral cancer, and present evidence to show that activation and senescence reflect a unified programme of fibroblast differentiation. We report advances concerning the senescent fibroblast metabolome, mechanisms of gene regulation in these cells and ways in which epithelial cell adhesion is dysregulated by the fibroblast secretome. We suggest that the identification of fibroblast stress responses may be a valuable diagnostic tool in the determination of tumour behaviour and patient outcome. Further, the fact that stromal fibroblasts are a genetically stable diploid cell population suggests that they may be ideal therapeutic targets and early work in this context is encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Prime
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - N Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School and Oral Health CRC, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Y Hassona
- Department of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - D W Lambert
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - I C Paterson
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research and Co-ordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Mellone
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G J Thomas
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E N L James
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - E K Parkinson
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Kumar D, Kandl C, Hamilton CD, Shnayder Y, Tsue TT, Kakarala K, Ledgerwood L, Sun XS, Huang HJ, Girod D, Thomas SM. Mitigation of Tumor-Associated Fibroblast-Facilitated Head and Neck Cancer Progression With Anti-Hepatocyte Growth Factor Antibody Ficlatuzumab. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 141:1133-9. [PMID: 26540318 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2015.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Ficlatuzumab can be used to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by inhibiting c-Met receptor-mediated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. OBJECTIVE To understand the effect of ficlatuzumab on HNSCC proliferation, migration, and invasion. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The effects of ficlatuzumab on HNSCC proliferation, invasion, and migration were tested. Mitigation of c-Met and downstream signaling was assessed by immunoblotting. The tumor microenvironment has emerged as an important factor in HNSCC tumor progression. The most abundant stromal cells in HNSCC tumor microenvironment are tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs). We previously reported that TAFs facilitate HNSCC growth and metastasis. Furthermore, activation of the c-Met tyrosine kinase receptor by TAF-secreted hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) facilitates tumor invasion. Ficlatuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that sequesters HGF, preventing it from binding to and activating c-Met. We hypothesized that targeting the c-Met pathway with ficlatuzumab will mitigate TAF-mediated HNSCC proliferation, migration, and invasion. Representative HNSCC cell lines HN5, UM-SCC-1, and OSC-19 were used in these studies. EXPOSURES FOR OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES The HNSCC cell lines were treated with ficlatuzumab, 0 to 100 µg/mL, for 24 to 72 hours. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Ficlatuzumab inhibited HNSCC progression through c-Met and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. RESULTS Ficlatuzumab significantly reduced TAF-facilitated HNSCC cell proliferation (HN5, P < .001; UM-SCC-1, P < .001), migration (HN5, P = .002; UM-SCC-1, P = .01; and OSC-19, P = .04), and invasion (HN5, P = .047; UM-SCC-1, P = .03; and OSC-19, P = .04) through a 3-dimensional peptide-based hydrogel (PGmatrix). In addition, ficlatuzumab also inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Met at Tyr1234/1235 and p44/42 MAPK in HNSCC cells exposed to recombinant HGF. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE We demonstrate that neutralizing TAF-derived HGF with ficlatuzumab effectively mitigates c-Met signaling and decreases HNSCC proliferation, migration, and invasion. Thus, ficlatuzumab effectively mitigates stromal influences on HNSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Christopher Kandl
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | | | - Yelizaveta Shnayder
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Terance Ted Tsue
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Kiran Kakarala
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Levi Ledgerwood
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Xiuzhi Susan Sun
- Departments of Grain Science and Industry, and Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Kansas City
| | | | - Douglas Girod
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Sufi Mary Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City4Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City5Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City6Universi
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Büttner R, Berndt A, Valkova C, Richter P, Korn A, Kosan C, Liebmann C. Myofibroblasts have an impact on expression, dimerization and signaling of different ErbB receptors in OSCC cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 37:25-37. [PMID: 27051967 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2016.1155066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Receptors of the ErbB family belong to the key players in cancer development and are targets of several therapeutic approaches. Their functional dependency on the tumor microenvironment, especially on CAFs is albeit still poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate the impact of CAF secretome on ErbB receptor expression and signaling behavior in OSCC. METHODS Stimulation of PE/CA-PJ15 OSCC cells with conditioned media of TGF-β1-activated fibroblasts was used as model system for CAF to cancer cell communication. Thereby costimulation with inhibitors against matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3-K), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) or knockdown of Her3 by siRNA was utilized for detailed investigation of the expression, dimerization and signaling pattern of ErbB in western blot and coimmunoprecipitation. RESULTS Our results show that soluble factors in activated fibroblast secretome stimulate metalloproteinase activity in the membrane of cancer cells. Thereby ligands are released that activate EGFR and subsequently upregulates EGFR expression via the STAT3 pathway. Simultaneously, the expression of PKCɛ was enhanced via a PI3-kinase/Akt-mediated pathway and a negative feedback regulation loop on EGFR downstream signaling generated. Furthermore, the activated fibroblasts secretome stimulated the highly oncogenic hetero-dimerization between HER3 and p95HER2. That protein association is inversely dependent on the expression level of HER3. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the activated fibroblasts secretome can induce a counterbalanced regulation of protein expression, downstream signaling and the dimerization patterns of different ErbB receptor subtypes in the cancer cell. Thus, the combinatorial targeting of CAFs and selective ErbB receptor subtype inhibitors may provide a useful approach in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Büttner
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany.,b Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute , >Jena > , Germany
| | - Alexander Berndt
- c Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany , and
| | - Christina Valkova
- b Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute , >Jena > , Germany
| | - Petra Richter
- c Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany , and
| | - Alexander Korn
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany.,d Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University Hospital , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Christian Kosan
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany
| | - Claus Liebmann
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany
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Davis-Yadley AH, Malafa MP. Vitamins in pancreatic cancer: a review of underlying mechanisms and future applications. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:774-802. [PMID: 26567201 PMCID: PMC4642423 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.009456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is increasing evidence that vitamins influence pancreatic adenocarcinoma biology and carcinogenesis, a comprehensive review is lacking. In this study, we performed a PubMed literature search to review the anticancer mechanisms and the preclinical and clinical studies that support the development of the bioactive vitamins A, C, D, E, and K in pancreatic cancer intervention. Preclinical studies have shown promising results for vitamin A in pancreatic cancer prevention, with clinical trials showing intriguing responses in combination with immunotherapy. For vitamin C, preclinical studies have shown slower tumor growth rates and/or increased survival when used alone or in combination with gemcitabine, with clinical trials with this combination revealing decreased primary tumor sizes and improved performance status. Preclinical studies with vitamin D analogues have shown potent antiproliferative effects and repression of migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, with a clinical trial showing increased time to progression when calciferol was added to docetaxel. For vitamin E, preclinical studies have shown that δ-tocotrienol and γ-tocotrienol inhibited tumor cell growth and survival and augmented gemcitabine activity. Early-phase clinical trials with δ-tocotrienol are ongoing. Vitamin K demonstrates activation of apoptosis and inhibition of cellular growth in pancreatic tumor cells; however, there are no clinical studies available for further evaluation. Although preclinical and clinical studies are encouraging, randomized controlled trials with endpoints based on insights gained from mechanistic and preclinical studies and early-phase clinical trials are required to determine the efficacy of bioactive vitamin interventions in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley H Davis-Yadley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; and Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Mokenge P Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
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Magnussen S, Hadler-Olsen E, Latysheva N, Pirila E, Steigen SE, Hanes R, Salo T, Winberg JO, Uhlin-Hansen L, Svineng G. Tumour microenvironments induce expression of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and concomitant activation of gelatinolytic enzymes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105929. [PMID: 25157856 PMCID: PMC4144900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is associated with poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and increased expression of uPAR is often found at the invasive tumour front. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the role of uPAR in invasion and metastasis of OSCC, and the effects of various tumour microenvironments in these processes. Furthermore, we wanted to study whether the cells’ expression level of uPAR affected the activity of gelatinolytic enzymes. Methods The Plaur gene was both overexpressed and knocked-down in the murine OSCC cell line AT84. Tongue and skin tumours were established in syngeneic mice, and cells were also studied in an ex vivo leiomyoma invasion model. Soluble factors derived from leiomyoma tissue, as well as purified extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, were assessed for their ability to affect uPAR expression, glycosylation and cleavage. Activity of gelatinolytic enzymes in the tissues were assessed by in situ zymography. Results We found that increased levels of uPAR did not induce tumour invasion or metastasis. However, cells expressing low endogenous levels of uPAR in vitro up-regulated uPAR expression both in tongue, skin and leiomyoma tissue. Various ECM proteins had no effect on uPAR expression, while soluble factors originating from the leiomyoma tissue increased both the expression and glycosylation of uPAR, and possibly also affected the proteolytic processing of uPAR. Tumours with high levels of uPAR, as well as cells invading leiomyoma tissue with up-regulated uPAR expression, all displayed enhanced activity of gelatinolytic enzymes. Conclusions Although high levels of uPAR are not sufficient to induce invasion and metastasis, the activity of gelatinolytic enzymes was increased. Furthermore, several tumour microenvironments have the capacity to induce up-regulation of uPAR expression, and soluble factors in the tumour microenvironment may have an important role in the regulation of posttranslational modification of uPAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synnøve Magnussen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Elin Hadler-Olsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nadezhda Latysheva
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Emma Pirila
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sonja E. Steigen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Diagnostic Clinic - Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Robert Hanes
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan-Olof Winberg
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Uhlin-Hansen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Diagnostic Clinic - Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gunbjørg Svineng
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Curry JM, Sprandio J, Cognetti D, Luginbuhl A, Bar-ad V, Pribitkin E, Tuluc M. Tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Semin Oncol 2014; 41:217-34. [PMID: 24787294 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is comprised of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, and other supporting cells. Genetic changes in the carcinoma cells, such as alterations to TP53, NOTCH1, and specific gene expression profiles, contribute to derangements in cancer and microenvironment cells such as increased ROS, overproduction of cytokines, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). CAFs are among the most critical elements of the TME contributing to proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The adaptive immune response is suppressed in HNSCC through overexpression of cytokines, triggered apoptosis of T cells, and alterations in antigen processing machinery. Overexpression of critical cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), contributes to EMT, immune suppression, and evolution of CAFs. Inflammation and hypoxia are driving forces in angiogenesis and altered metabolism. HNSCC utilizes glycolytic and oxidative metabolism to fuel tumorigenesis via coupled mechanisms between cancer cell regions and cells of the TME. Increased understanding of the TME in HNSCC illustrates that the long-held notion of "condemned mucosa" reflects a process that extends beyond the epithelial cells to the entire tissue comprised of each of these elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - John Sprandio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David Cognetti
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Adam Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Voichita Bar-ad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edmund Pribitkin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Madalina Tuluc
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Bauman JE, Ferris RL. Integrating novel therapeutic monoclonal antibodies into the management of head and neck cancer. Cancer 2014; 120:624-32. [PMID: 24222079 PMCID: PMC4095869 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an immunosuppressive malignancy. Interest in developing novel immunotherapies in HNSCC has been reawakened by the success of cetuximab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the epidermal growth factor receptor, which likely relies on immune as well as antisignaling mechanisms. This review focuses on novel therapeutic mAbs in current clinical development against established mechanisms of immune evasion in HNSCC, targeting: 1) tumor antigens, with resultant potential to induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and T cell activation; 2) immunosuppressive cytokines; 3) costimulatory tumor necrosis factor-family receptors; and 4) coinhibitory immune checkpoint receptors. Clinical trials of immunotherapeutic mAbs as monotherapy, in combination with cytolytic standard therapies exposing tumor antigens or in combination with other immunomodulatory mAbs, are urgently needed in HNSCC.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Antineoplastic Agents/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Cetuximab
- Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/drug effects
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Bauman
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Hematology/Oncology), University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Guan J, Zhang H, Wen Z, Gu Y, Cheng Y, Sun Y, Zhang T, Jia C, Lu Z, Chen J. Retinoic acid inhibits pancreatic cancer cell migration and EMT through the downregulation of IL-6 in cancer associated fibroblast cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 345:132-9. [PMID: 24334138 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a small molecular derivative of vitamin A that is stored in quiescent stellate cells in pancreas stroma. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are activated fibroblast cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment. We treated CAFs with RA and found that these cells became static due to the low expression of α-SMA, FAP, and IL-6 and decreased production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, we verified that the low secretion of IL-6 from CAFs was related to RA-induced inhibition of migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. However, RA could not inhibit the migration and EMT of tumor cells directly. Therefore, our study showed that one of the therapeutic effects of RA on tumor cells is through its modulation of CAFs in tumor microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in promoting tumor migration and might be a promising target of biological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guan
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Zhang Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yumei Gu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yin Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Congwei Jia
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Lu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China.
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Gildener-Leapman N, Ferris RL, Bauman JE. Promising systemic immunotherapies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:1089-96. [PMID: 24126223 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) demonstrate poor survival and significant treatment morbidity with standard therapy. The immune profile in HNSCC, whether caused by carcinogen exposure or human papillomavirus (HPV), is notably immunosuppressive. Early clinical trials of immunotherapy in HNSCC were troubled by systemic toxicity or difficulties in local administration. Now, interest in immunotherapy has been revitalized by mechanistic insights into immune evasion by HNSCC, coupled to ongoing development of novel immunotherapies. This review will summarize immune escape mechanisms in HNSCC, namely downregulation of tumor antigen (TA) presentation, aberrant regulation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family, the immunosuppressive cytokine milieu, and dysregulation of immune effector cells. Therapeutic strategies hypothesized to specifically counter HNSCC immunosuppression will then be discussed. We will survey TA- targeted monoclonal antibodies (mAb), including the prototype cetuximab, as well as adjunctive strategies to enhance antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. We will review immunomodulation to restore STAT1/STAT3 activation balance. Examples of mAb therapy to block immunosuppressive cytokines, such as interleukin-6 or VEGF, will be provided. mAbs which release co-inhibitory T cell receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, overexpressed in HNSCC, also hold therapeutic promise. Finally, we will describe principles for therapeutic vaccination in HPV-associated HNSCC, where non-host TAs such as viral oncoproteins represent ideal targets, and HPV-negative HNSCC, where p53 is a promising target. Insights into immunosuppression in HNSCC have elucidated mechanistic targets for immunotherapy. Rational clinical investigation may lead to effective stand alone or combinatorial treatment approaches.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Cytokines/drug effects
- Cytokines/immunology
- Genes, p53/drug effects
- Genes, p53/immunology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/immunology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Papillomaviridae/drug effects
- Papillomaviridae/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/drug effects
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- STAT Transcription Factors/drug effects
- STAT Transcription Factors/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Gildener-Leapman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Eye and Ear Institute, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
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Design and analysis of a squamous cell carcinoma in vitro model system. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7401-7. [PMID: 23827189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered skin equivalents based on primary isolated fibroblasts and keratinocytes have been shown to be useful tools for functional in vitro tests, including toxicological screenings and drug development. In this study, a commercially available squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line SCC-25 was introduced into epidermal and full-thickness skin equivalents to generate human-based disease-in-a-dish model systems. Interestingly, when cultured either in the epidermis or dermis of full-thickness skin equivalents, SCC-25 cells formed hyper-keratinized tumor cell nests, a phenomenon that is frequently seen in the skin of patients afflicted with SCC. Raman spectroscopy was employed for the label-free cell phenotype characterization within the engineered skin equivalents and revealed the presence of differential protein patterns in keratinocytes and SCC-25 cells. To conclude, the here presented SSC disease-in-a-dish approaches offer the unique opportunity to model SSC in human skin in vitro, which will allow further insight into SSC disease progression, and the development of therapeutic strategies.
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