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Ding H, Kiguchi N, Dobbins M, Romero-Sandoval EA, Kishioka S, Ko MC. Nociceptin Receptor-Related Agonists as Safe and Non-addictive Analgesics. Drugs 2023; 83:771-793. [PMID: 37209211 PMCID: PMC10948013 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As clinical use of currently available opioid analgesics is often impeded by dose-limiting adverse effects, such as abuse liability and respiratory depression, new approaches have been pursued to develop safe, effective, and non-addictive pain medications. After the identification of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide (NOP) receptor more than 25 years ago, NOP receptor-related agonists have emerged as a promising target for developing novel and effective opioids that modulate the analgesic and addictive properties of mu-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor agonists. In this review, we highlight the effects of the NOP receptor-related agonists compared with those of MOP receptor agonists in experimental rodent and more translational non-human primate (NHP) models and the development status of key NOP receptor-related agonists as potential safe and non-addictive analgesics. Several lines of evidence demonstrated that peptidic and non-peptidic NOP receptor agonists produce potent analgesic effects by intrathecal delivery in NHPs. Moreover, mixed NOP/MOP receptor partial agonists (e.g., BU08028, BU10038, and AT-121) display potent analgesic effects when administered intrathecally or systemically, without eliciting adverse effects, such as respiratory depression, itch behavior, and signs of abuse liability. More importantly, cebranopadol, a mixed NOP/opioid receptor agonist with full efficacy at NOP and MOP receptors, produces robust analgesic efficacy with reduced adverse effects, conferring promising outcomes in clinical studies. A balanced coactivation of NOP and MOP receptors is a strategy that warrants further exploration and refinement for the development of novel analgesics with a safer and effective profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Norikazu Kiguchi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan
| | - MaryBeth Dobbins
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - E Alfonso Romero-Sandoval
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Shiroh Kishioka
- Faculty of Wakayama Health Care Sciences, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, Wakayama, 640-8392, Japan
| | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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2
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Guan Q, Velho RV, Jordan A, Pommer S, Radde I, Sehouli J, Mechsner S. Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Opioid Peptide-Receptor Expression in the Endometriosis-Associated Nerve Fibers-Possible Treatment Option? Cells 2023; 12:1395. [PMID: 37408230 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EM) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting millions of women worldwide. Chronic pelvic pain is one of the main problems of this condition, leading to quality-of-life impairment. Currently, available treatment options are not able to treat these women accurately. A better understanding of the pain mechanisms would be beneficial to integrate additional therapeutic management strategies, especially specific analgesic options. To understand pain in more detail, nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor expression was analyzed in EM-associated nerve fibers (NFs) for the first time. Laparoscopically excised peritoneal samples from 94 symptomatic women (73 with EM and 21 controls) were immunohistochemically stained for NOP, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Peritoneal NFs of EM patients and healthy controls were positive for NOP and often colocalized with SP-, CGRP-, TH-, and VIP-positive nerve fibers, suggesting that NOP is expressed in sensory and autonomic nerve fibers. In addition, NOP expression was increased in EM associate NF. Our findings highlight the potential of NOP agonists, particularly in chronic EM-associated pain syndromes and deserve further study, as the efficacy of NOP-selective agonists in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Guan
- Endometriosis Research Center, Department of Gynecology Charité with Center of Oncological Surgery, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Renata Voltolini Velho
- Endometriosis Research Center, Department of Gynecology Charité with Center of Oncological Surgery, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alice Jordan
- Endometriosis Research Center, Department of Gynecology Charité with Center of Oncological Surgery, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Pommer
- Endometriosis Research Center, Department of Gynecology Charité with Center of Oncological Surgery, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Radde
- Endometriosis Research Center, Department of Gynecology Charité with Center of Oncological Surgery, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Endometriosis Research Center, Department of Gynecology Charité with Center of Oncological Surgery, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Mechsner
- Endometriosis Research Center, Department of Gynecology Charité with Center of Oncological Surgery, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Li N, Xiao J, Niu J, Zhang M, Shi Y, Yu B, Zhang Q, Chen D, Zhang N, Fang Q. Synergistic interaction between DAMGO-NH 2 and NOP01 in peripherally acting antinociception in two mouse models of formalin pain. Peptides 2023; 161:170943. [PMID: 36621672 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The most commonly used opioid analgesics are limited by their severe side-effects in the clinical treatment of pain. Preliminary reports indicate that the combination of classical opioids and N/OFQ receptor (NOP) ligands may be an effective strategy to reduce unwanted side-effects and improve antinociception. But the interaction of these two receptor ligands in pain regulation at the peripheral level remains unclear. In this study, the antinociception of a designed amide analogue of the mu opioid receptor (MOP) peptide agonist DAMGO, DAMGO-NH2, and its antinociceptive interaction with the peripherally limited NOP peptide agonist NOP01 was investigated in two mouse models of formalin pain. Our results showed that DAMGO-NH2 acted as a MOP agonist in in vitro functional assays. Moreover, local subcutaneous or intraplantar injection of DAMGO-NH2 exerted dose-related antinociception in both phases of the formalin orofacial and intraplantar pain, which could be mediated by the classical opioid receptor. Peripheral but not central pretreatment with the peripherally restricted opioid antagonist naloxone methiodide inhibited local DAMGO-NH2-induced antinociception, supporting the involvement of the peripheral opioid receptor in local DAMGO-NH2-induced antinociception. Furthermore, co-administration of the inactive doses of DAMGO-NH2 and NOP01 produced effective antinociception. More importantly, isobolographic analysis indicates that the combination of DAMGO-NH2 and NOP01 elicited supra-additive antinociception in these two models of formalin pain. In addition, the combination of DAMGO-NH2 and NOP01 did not change motor function of mice in rotarod test. In conclusion, these data suggest that peripheral DAMGO-NH2 and particularly its combination therapy with NOP01 may be effective for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiandong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mengna Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yonghang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bowen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Quan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Caminski ES, Antunes FTT, Souza IA, Dallegrave E, Zamponi GW. Regulation of N-type calcium channels by nociceptin receptors and its possible role in neurological disorders. Mol Brain 2022; 15:95. [PMID: 36434658 PMCID: PMC9700961 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of nociceptin opioid peptide receptors (NOP, a.k.a. opioid-like receptor-1, ORL-1) by the ligand nociceptin/orphanin FQ, leads to G protein-dependent regulation of Cav2.2 (N-type) voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). This typically causes a reduction in calcium currents, triggering changes in presynaptic calcium levels and thus neurotransmission. Because of the widespread expression patterns of NOP and VGCCs across multiple brain regions, the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and the dorsal root ganglia, this results in the alteration of numerous neurophysiological features. Here we review the regulation of N-type calcium channels by the NOP-nociceptin system in the context of neurological conditions such as anxiety, addiction, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle Sistherenn Caminski
- grid.412344.40000 0004 0444 6202Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Research in Toxicology (LAPETOX), Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Flavia Tasmin Techera Antunes
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Ivana Assis Souza
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- grid.412344.40000 0004 0444 6202Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Research in Toxicology (LAPETOX), Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Gerald W. Zamponi
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
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Acioglu C, Heary RF, Elkabes S. Roles of neuronal toll-like receptors in neuropathic pain and central nervous system injuries and diseases. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:163-178. [PMID: 35176442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune receptors that are expressed in immune cells as well as glia and neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems. They are best known for their role in the host defense in response to pathogens and for the induction of inflammation in infectious and non-infectious diseases. In the central nervous system (CNS), TLRs modulate glial and neuronal functions as well as innate immunity and neuroinflammation under physiological or pathophysiological conditions. The majority of the studies on TLRs in CNS pathologies investigated their overall contribution without focusing on a particular cell type, or they analyzed TLRs in glia and infiltrating immune cells in the context of neuroinflammation and cellular activation. The role of neuronal TLRs in CNS diseases and injuries has received little attention and remains underappreciated. The primary goal of this review is to summarize findings demonstrating the pivotal and unique roles of neuronal TLRs in neuropathic pain, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and CNS injuries. We discuss how the current findings warrant future investigations to better define the specific contributions of neuronal TLRs to these pathologies. We underline the paucity of information regarding the role of neuronal TLRs in other neurodegenerative, demyelinating, and psychiatric diseases. We draw attention to the importance of broadening research on neuronal TLRs in view of emerging evidence demonstrating their distinctive functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Acioglu
- The Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Robert F Heary
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ 07042, United States
| | - Stella Elkabes
- The Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.
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6
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Wang Y, Qin D, Guo Z, Shi F, Cannella N, Ciccocioppo R, Li H. Research progress on the potential novel analgesic BU08028. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 914:174678. [PMID: 34875275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a common symptom accompanying several clinical conditions and causes serious distress to patients. Addressing pain management is an important aspect of disease treatment, including cancer therapy. Opioid analgesics used to manage pain in human and veterinary medicine have been associated with substance dependence and other adverse effects, thereby limiting their application. Thus, the development of opioid analgesics with good safety profiles with minimal adverse effects and no addictive effects, is presently the focus of pain research. As a new potential analgesic, (2S)-2-[(5R,6R,7R,14S)-N-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5-epoxy-6,14-ethano-3-hydroxy-6-methoxymorphinan-7-yl]-3,3-dimethylpentan-2-ol (BU08028) has fewer adverse effects than other analgesics and is expected to be a safer alternative. In this review, we discuss the development of the opioid analog BU08028 and summarize its analgesic effects and biological characteristics, including efficiency, safety, and tolerance. Furthermore, we elaborate on studies showing the bifunctional effect of BU08028, which targets both mu opioid peptide and nociceptin-orphanin FQ peptide receptors, as well as the unique advantages of using BU08028 over single-target opioid agonists. Previous studies have suggested that BU08028 can not only weaken the reward and abuse effects of opioids and other drugs, but also enhance the anti-nociceptive effect of the mu opioid peptide receptors, making it a potent analgesic. Besides, we describe studies suggesting that BU08028 inhibits the effects of alcohol, making it a candidate drug for the management of alcohol addiction. Our review suggests that BU08028 is a potential novel medicine for managing pain and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Di Qin
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Zhihua Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Fuqiang Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Nazzareno Cannella
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Hongwu Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China.
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7
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Kiguchi N, Ding H, Kishioka S, Ko MC. Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Peptide Receptor-Related Ligands as Novel Analgesics. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2878-2888. [PMID: 32384033 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200508082615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite similar distribution patterns and intracellular events observed in the nociceptin/ orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor and other opioid receptors, NOP receptor activation displays unique pharmacological profiles. Several researchers have identified a variety of peptide and nonpeptide ligands to determine the functional roles of NOP receptor activation and observed that NOP receptor- related ligands exhibit pain modality-dependent pain processing. Importantly, NOP receptor activation results in anti-nociception and anti-hypersensitivity at the spinal and supraspinal levels regardless of the experimental settings in non-human primates (NHPs). Given that the NOP receptor agonists synergistically enhance mu-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor agonist-induced anti-nociception, it has been hypothesized that dual NOP and MOP receptor agonists may display promising functional properties as analgesics. Accumulating evidence indicates that the mixed NOP/opioid receptor agonists demonstrate favorable functional profiles. In NHP studies, bifunctional NOP/MOP partial agonists (e.g., AT-121, BU08028, and BU10038) exerted potent anti-nociception via NOP and MOP receptor activation; however, dose-limiting adverse effects associated with the MOP receptor activation, including respiratory depression, itch sensation, physical dependence, and abuse liability, were not observed. Moreover, a mixed NOP/opioid receptor agonist, cebranopadol, presented promising outcomes in clinical trials as a novel analgesic. Collectively, the dual agonistic actions on NOP and MOP receptors, with appropriate binding affinities and efficacies, may be a viable strategy to develop innovative and safe analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Kiguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Huiping Ding
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States
| | - Shiroh Kishioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States
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8
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Weiss N, Zamponi GW. Opioid Receptor Regulation of Neuronal Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:839-847. [PMID: 32514826 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels play a pivotal role in the conversion of electrical signals into calcium entry into nerve endings that is required for the release of neurotransmitters. They are under the control of a number of cellular signaling pathways that serve to fine tune synaptic activities, including G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and the opioid system. Besides modulating channel activity via activation of second messengers, GPCRs also physically associate with calcium channels to regulate their function and expression at the plasma membrane. In this mini review, we discuss the mechanisms by which calcium channels are regulated by classical opioid and nociceptin receptors. We highlight the importance of this regulation in the control of neuronal functions and their implication in the development of disease conditions. Finally, we present recent literature concerning the use of novel μ-opioid receptor/nociceptin receptor modulators and discuss their use as potential drug candidates for the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Weiss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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Sliepen SH, Korioth J, Christoph T, Tzschentke TM, Diaz‐delCastillo M, Heegaard A, Rutten K. The nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor system as a target to alleviate cancer-induced bone pain in rats: Model validation and pharmacological evaluation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1995-2007. [PMID: 31724155 PMCID: PMC8246843 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cancer-induced bone pain remains inadequately controlled, and current standard of care analgesics is accompanied by several side effects. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor agonists have demonstrated broad analgesic properties in rodent neuropathic and inflammatory pain models. Here, we investigate the analgesic potential of NOP receptor activation in a rodent cancer-induced bone pain model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Model validation by intratibial inoculation in male Sprague Dawley rats was performed with varying MRMT-1/Luc2 cell quantities (0.5-1.5 × 106 ·ml-1 ) and a behavioural battery (>14 days post-surgery) including evoked and non-evoked readouts: paw pressure test, cold plate, von Frey, open field, and weight distribution. Anti-allodynic potential of the endogenous NOP receptor ligand nociceptin (i.t.) and NOP receptor agonist Ro65-6570 ( i.p.) was tested using von Frey filaments, followed by a combination experiment with Ro65-6570 and the NOP receptor antagonist J-113397 (i.p.). Plasma cytokine levels and NOP receptor gene expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG, L4-L6) and bone marrow were examined. KEY RESULTS Inoculation with 1.5 × 106 ·ml-1 of MRMT-1/Luc2 cells resulted in a robust and progressive pain-related phenotype. Nociceptin and Ro65-6570 treatment inhibited cancer-induced mechanical allodynia. J-113397 selectively antagonized the effect of Ro65-6570. MRMT-1/Luc2-bearing animals demonstrated elevated plasma cytokine levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 plus unaltered NOP-r gene expression in DRG and reduced expression in bone marrow. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Nociceptin and Ro65-6570 selectively and dose-dependently reversed cancer-induced bone pain-like behaviour. The NOP receptor system may be a potential target for cancer-induced bone pain treatment. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on The molecular pharmacology of bone and cancer-elated bone diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.9/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny H.J. Sliepen
- Grünenthal InnovationGrünenthal GmbHAachenGermany
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | | | | | - Marta Diaz‐delCastillo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Anne‐Marie Heegaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kris Rutten
- Grünenthal InnovationGrünenthal GmbHAachenGermany
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10
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Multifunctional Opioid-Derived Hybrids in Neuropathic Pain: Preclinical Evidence, Ideas and Challenges. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235520. [PMID: 33255641 PMCID: PMC7728063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
When the first- and second-line therapeutics used to treat neuropathic pain (NP) fail to induce efficient analgesia—which is estimated to relate to more than half of the patients—opioid drugs are prescribed. Still, the pathological changes following the nerve tissue injury, i.a. pronociceptive neuropeptide systems activation, oppose the analgesic effects of opiates, enforcing the use of relatively high therapeutic doses in order to obtain satisfying pain relief. In parallel, the repeated use of opioid agonists is associated with burdensome adverse effects due to compensatory mechanisms that arise thereafter. Rational design of hybrid drugs, in which opioid ligands are combined with other pharmacophores that block the antiopioid action of pronociceptive systems, delivers the opportunity to ameliorate the NP-oriented opioid treatment via addressing neuropathological mechanisms shared both by NP and repeated exposition to opioids. Therewith, the new dually acting drugs, tailored for the specificity of NP, can gain in efficacy under nerve injury conditions and have an improved safety profile as compared to selective opioid agonists. The current review presents the latest ideas on opioid-comprising hybrid drugs designed to treat painful neuropathy, with focus on their biological action, as well as limitations and challenges related to this therapeutic approach.
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11
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Gibula-Tarlowska E, Kotlinska JH. Crosstalk between Opioid and Anti-Opioid Systems: An Overview and Its Possible Therapeutic Significance. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1376. [PMID: 32998249 PMCID: PMC7599993 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid peptides and receptors are broadly expressed throughout peripheral and central nervous systems and have been the subject of intense long-term investigations. Such studies indicate that some endogenous neuropeptides, called anti-opioids, participate in a homeostatic system that tends to reduce the effects of endogenous and exogenous opioids. Anti-opioid properties have been attributed to various peptides, including melanocyte inhibiting factor (MIF)-related peptides, cholecystokinin (CCK), nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), and neuropeptide FF (NPFF). These peptides counteract some of the acute effects of opioids, and therefore, they are involved in the development of opioid tolerance and addiction. In this work, the anti-opioid profile of endogenous peptides was described, mainly taking into account their inhibitory influence on opioid-induced effects. However, the anti-opioid peptides demonstrated complex properties and could show opioid-like as well as anti-opioid effects. The aim of this review is to detail the phenomenon of crosstalk taking place between opioid and anti-opioid systems at the in vivo pharmacological level and to propose a cellular and molecular basis for these interactions. A better knowledge of these mechanisms has potential therapeutic interest for the control of opioid functions, notably for alleviating pain and/or for the treatment of opioid abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gibula-Tarlowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
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Kiguchi N, Ding H, Ko MC. Therapeutic potentials of NOP and MOP receptor coactivation for the treatment of pain and opioid abuse. J Neurosci Res 2020; 100:191-202. [PMID: 32255240 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Following the identification of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide (NOP) as an endogenous ligand for the NOP receptor, ample evidence has revealed unique functional profiles of the N/OFQ-NOP receptor system. NOP receptors are expressed in key neural substrates involved in pain and reward modulation. In nonhuman primates (NHPs), NOP receptor activation effectively exerts antinociception and anti-hypersensitivity at the spinal and supraspinal levels. Moreover, NOP receptor activation inhibits dopaminergic transmission and synergistically enhances mu-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor-mediated analgesia. In this article, we have discussed the functional profiles of ligands with dual NOP and MOP receptor agonist activities and highlight their optimal functional efficacy for pain relief and drug abuse treatment. Through coactivation of NOP and MOP receptors, bifunctional NOP/MOP receptor "partial" agonists (e.g., AT-121, BU08028, and BU10038) reveal a wider therapeutic window with fewer side effects. These newly developed ligands potently induce antinociception without MOP receptor agonist-associated side effects such as abuse potential, respiratory depression, itching sensation, and physical dependence. In addition, in both rodent and NHP models, bifunctional NOP/MOP receptor agonists can attenuate reward processing and/or the reinforcing effects of opioids and other abused drugs. While a mixed NOP/opioid receptor "full" agonist cebranopadol is undergoing clinical trials, bifunctional NOP/MOP "partial" agonists exhibit promising therapeutic profiles in translational NHP models for the treatment of pain and opioid abuse. This class of drugs demonstrates the therapeutic advantage of NOP and MOP receptor coactivation, indicating a greater potential for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Kiguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Huiping Ding
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, NC, USA
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Targowska-Duda KM, Ozawa A, Bertels Z, Cippitelli A, Marcus JL, Mielke-Maday HK, Zribi G, Rainey AN, Kieffer BL, Pradhan AA, Toll L. NOP receptor agonist attenuates nitroglycerin-induced migraine-like symptoms in mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 170:108029. [PMID: 32278976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is an extraordinarily prevalent and disabling headache disorder that affects one billion people worldwide. Throbbing pain is one of several migraine symptoms including sensitivity to light (photophobia), sometimes to sounds, smell and touch. The basic mechanisms underlying migraine remain inadequately understood, and current treatments (with triptans being the primary standard of care) are not well tolerated by some patients. NOP (Nociceptin OPioid) receptors, the fourth member of the opioid receptor family, are expressed in the brain and periphery with particularly high expression known to be in trigeminal ganglia (TG). The aim of our study was to further explore the involvement of the NOP receptor system in migraine. To this end, we used immunohistochemistry to examine NOP receptor distribution in TG and trigeminal nucleus caudalus (TNC) in mice, including colocalization with specific cellular markers, and used nitroglycerin (NTG) models of migraine to assess the influence of the selective NOP receptor agonist, Ro 64-6198, on NTG-induced pain (sensitivity of paw and head using von Frey filaments) and photophobia in mice. Our immunohistochemical studies with NOP-eGFP knock-in mice indicate that NOP receptors are on the majority of neurons in the TG and are also very highly expressed in the TNC. In addition, Ro 64-6198 can dose dependently block NTG-induced paw and head allodynia, an effect that is blocked by the NOP antagonist, SB-612111. Moreover, Ro 64-6198, can decrease NTG-induced light sensitivity in mice. These results suggest that NOP receptor agonists should be futher explored as treatment for migraine symptoms. This article is part of the special issue on Neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Targowska-Duda
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States; Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Akihiko Ozawa
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Zachariah Bertels
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrea Cippitelli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Jason L Marcus
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Hanna K Mielke-Maday
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Gilles Zribi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Amanda N Rainey
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Dep. of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; INSERM U1114, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amynah A Pradhan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lawrence Toll
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States.
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Wright DM, Small KM, Nag S, Mokha SS. Activation of Membrane Estrogen Receptors Attenuates NOP-Mediated Tactile Antihypersensitivity in a Rodent Model of Neuropathic Pain. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9060147. [PMID: 31234278 PMCID: PMC6628583 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9060147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Women manifest a higher prevalence of several chronic pain disorders compared to men. We demonstrated earlier that estrogen rapidly attenuates nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide receptor (NOP)-mediated thermal antinociception through the activation of membrane estrogen receptors (mERs). However, the effect of mER activation on NOP-mediated attenuation of tactile hypersensitivity in a neuropathic model of pain and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Following spared nerve injury (SNI), male and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats were intrathecally (i.t.) injected with a selective mER agonist and nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), the endogenous ligand for NOP, and their effects on paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) were tested. In addition, spinal cord tissue was used to measure changes in phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), and protein kinase B (Akt) levels. SNI significantly reduced PWTs in males and OVX females, indicating tactile hypersensitivity. N/OFQ restored PWTs, indicating an antihypersensitive effect. Selective mER activation attenuated the effect of N/OFQ in an antagonist-reversible manner. SNI led to a robust increase in the phosphorylation of ERK, PKA, PKC, and Akt. However, mER activation did not further affect it. Thus, we conclude that activation of mERs rapidly abolishes NOP-mediated tactile antihypersensitivity following SNI via an ERK-, PKA-, PKC-, and Akt-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyeal M Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancel Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
| | - Keri M Small
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancel Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
| | - Subodh Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancel Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
| | - Sukhbir S Mokha
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancel Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
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Abstract
Since the discovery of the NOP receptor and N/OFQ as the endogenous ligand, evidence has appeared demonstrating the involvement of this receptor system in pain. This was not surprising for members of the opioid receptor and peptide families, particularly since both the receptor and N/OFQ are highly expressed in brain regions involved in pain, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglia. What has been surprising is the complicated picture that has emerged from 25 years of research. The original finding that N/OFQ decreased tail flick and hotplate latency, when administered i.c.v., led to the hypothesis that NOP receptor antagonists could have analgesic activity without abuse liability. However, as data accumulated, it became clear that not only the potency but the activity per se was different when N/OFQ or small molecule NOP agonists were administered in the brain versus the spinal cord and it also depended upon the pain assay used. When administered systemically, NOP receptor agonists are generally ineffective in attenuating heat pain but are antinociceptive in an acute inflammatory pain model. Most antagonists administered systemically have no antinociceptive activity of their own, even though selective peptide NOP antagonists have potent antinociceptive activity when administered i.c.v. Chronic pain models provide different results as well, as small molecule NOP receptor agonists have potent anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic activity after systemic administration. A considerable number of electrophysiological and anatomical experiments, in particular with NOP-eGFP mice, have been conducted in an attempt to explain the complicated profile resulting from NOP receptor modulation, to examine receptor plasticity, and to elucidate mechanisms by which selective NOP agonists, bifunctional NOP/mu agonists, or NOP receptor antagonists modulate acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Toll
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
| | - Akihiko Ozawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Cippitelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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Abstract
The nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor-related ligands have been demonstrated in preclinical studies for several therapeutic applications. This article highlights (1) how nonhuman primates (NHP) were used to facilitate the development and application of positron emission tomography tracers in humans; (2) effects of an endogenous NOP ligand, nociceptin/orphanin FQ, and its interaction with mu opioid peptide (MOP) receptor agonists; and (3) promising functional profiles of NOP-related agonists in NHP as analgesics and treatment for substance use disorders. NHP models offer the most phylogenetically appropriate evaluation of opioid and non-opioid receptor functions and drug effects. Based on preclinical and clinical data of ligands with mixed NOP/MOP receptor agonist activity, several factors including their intrinsic efficacies for activating NOP versus MOP receptors and different study endpoints in NHP could contribute to different pharmacological profiles. Ample evidence from NHP studies indicates that bifunctional NOP/MOP receptor agonists have opened an exciting avenue for developing safe, effective medications with fewer side effects for treating pain and drug addiction. In particular, bifunctional NOP/MOP partial agonists hold a great potential as (1) effective spinal analgesics without itch side effects; (2) safe, nonaddictive analgesics without opioid side effects such as respiratory depression; and (3) effective medications for substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Kiguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Tzschentke TM, Linz K, Koch T, Christoph T. Cebranopadol: A Novel First-in-Class Potent Analgesic Acting via NOP and Opioid Receptors. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 254:367-398. [PMID: 30927089 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cebranopadol is a novel first-in-class analgesic with highly potent agonistic activity at nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) and opioid receptors. It is highly potent and efficacious across a broad range of preclinical pain models. Its side effect profile is better compared to typical opioids. Mechanistic studies have shown that cebranopadol's activity at NOP receptors contributes to its anti-hyperalgesic effects while ameliorating some of its opioid-type side effects, including respiratory depression and abuse potential. Phase II of clinical development has been completed, demonstrating efficacy and good tolerability in acute and chronic pain conditions.This article focusses on reviewing data on the preclinical in vitro and in vivo pharmacology, safety, and tolerability, as well as clinical trials with cebranopadol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaus Linz
- Grünenthal GmbH, Global Innovation, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Koch
- Grünenthal GmbH, Global Innovation, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Adeghate E, Saeed Z, D'Souza C, Tariq S, Kalász H, Tekes K, Adeghate EA. Effect of nociceptin on insulin release in normal and diabetic rat pancreas. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:517-529. [PMID: 30112574 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nociceptin (NC), also known as Orphanin FQ, is a brain peptide involved in the regulation of pain, but its role in the endocrine pancreas is poorly understood. The present study examines the pattern of distribution of NC and its effect on insulin and glucagon secretion after the onset of diabetes mellitus (DM). Male Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were made diabetic with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally). Four weeks after the induction of DM, pancreatic tissues were retrieved and processed for immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, and insulin and glucagon secretion. Isolated islets from non-diabetic and diabetic rats were used to determine the effect of NC on insulin release. NC was discerned in islet cells of non-diabetic control and diabetic rat pancreata. NC co-localized only with insulin in pancreatic beta cells. NC did not co-localize with either glucagon or somatostatin or pancreatic polypeptide. The number of NC-positive cells was markedly (p < 0.001) reduced after the onset of DM. Electron microscopy study showed that NC is located with insulin in the same secretory granules of the beta cells of both non-diabetic and diabetic rat pancreas. NC inhibits insulin release markedly (p < 0.05) from pancreatic tissue fragments of non-diabetic and diabetic rats. In contrast, NC at 10-12 M stimulates insulin release in isolated islets of DM rats. In conclusion, NC co-localizes with insulin only in the islet of Langerhans. The co-localization of NC with insulin suggests a role for NC in the regulation of pancreatic beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Crystal D'Souza
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Tariq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Huba Kalász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornélia Tekes
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ernest A Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Christoph T, Raffa R, De Vry J, Schröder W. Synergistic interaction between the agonism of cebranopadol at nociceptin/orphanin FQ and classical opioid receptors in the rat spinal nerve ligation model. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6:e00444. [PMID: 30519474 PMCID: PMC6262002 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cebranopadol (trans-6'-fluoro-4',9'-dihydro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1'(3'H)-pyrano[3,4-b]indol]-4-amine) is a novel analgesic nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide (NOP) and classical opioid receptor (MOP, DOP, and KOP) agonist with highly efficacious and potent activity in a broad range of rodent models of nociceptive, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain as well as limited opioid-type side effects such as respiratory depression. This study was designed to explore contribution and interaction of NOP and classical opioid receptor agonist components to cebranopadol analgesia in the rat spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model. Assessing antihypersensitive activity in SNL rats intraperitoneal (IP) administration of cebranopadol resulted in ED 50 values of 3.3 and 3.58 μg/kg in two independent experiments. Pretreatment (IP) with J-113397 (4.64 mg/kg) a selective antagonist for the NOP receptor or naloxone (1 mg/kg), naltrindole (10 mg/kg), or nor-BNI (10 mg/kg), selective antagonists for MOP, DOP, and KOP receptors, yielded ED 50 values of 14.1, 16.9, 17.3, and 15 μg/kg, respectively. This 4-5 fold rightward shift of the dose-response curves suggested agonistic contribution of all four receptors to the analgesic activity of cebranopadol. Combined pretreatment with a mixture of the antagonists for the three classical opioid receptors resulted in an 18-fold potency shift with an ED 50 of 65.5 μg/kg. The concept of dose equivalence was used to calculate the expected additive effects of the parent compound for NOP and opioid receptor contribution and to compare them with the observed effects, respectively. This analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the expected additive and the observed effects suggesting intrinsic synergistic analgesic interaction of the NOP and the classical opioid receptor components of cebranopadol. Together with the observation of limited respiratory depression in rats and humans the synergistic interaction of NOP and classical opioid receptor components in analgesia described in the current study may contribute to the favorable therapeutic index of cebranopadol observed in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Raffa
- Temple University School of PharmacyPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- University of Arizona College of PharmacyTucsonArizona
| | - Jean De Vry
- Grünenthal InnovationGrünenthal GmbHAachenGermany
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Calo G, Lambert DG. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor ligands and translational challenges: focus on cebranopadol as an innovative analgesic. Br J Anaesth 2018; 121:1105-1114. [PMID: 30336855 PMCID: PMC6208290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are characterised as classical (mu, delta, and kappa) along with the non-classical nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptor or NOP. Targeting NOP has therapeutic indications in control of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and micturition, and a profile as an antidepressant. For all of these indications, there are translational human data. Opioids such as morphine and fentanyl (activating the mu receptor) are the mainstay of pain treatment in the perioperative period, despite a challenging side-effect profile. Opioids in general have poor efficacy in neuropathic pain. Moreover, longer term use is associated with tolerance. There is good evidence interactions between opioid receptors, and receptor co-activation can reduce side-effects without compromising analgesia; this is particularly true for mu and NOP co-activation. Recent pharmaceutical development has produced a mixed opioid/NOP agonist, cebranopadol. This new chemical entity is effective in animal models of nociceptive and neuropathic pain with greater efficacy in the latter. In animal models, there is little evidence for respiratory depression, and tolerance (compared with morphine) only develops after long treatment periods. There is now early phase clinical development in diabetic neuropathy, cancer pain, and low back pain where cebranopadol displays significant efficacy. In 1996, N/OFQ was formally identified with an innovative analgesic profile. Approximately 20 yr later, cebranopadol as a clinical ligand is advancing through the human trials process.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Calo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - D G Lambert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
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Wu Q, Liu L. ORL 1 Activation Mediates a Novel ORL 1 Receptor Agonist SCH221510 Analgesia in Neuropathic Pain in Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:10-16. [PMID: 30074175 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Opioid receptor like 1 (ORL1) receptor activation displayed an anti-nociceptive effect at spinal level for acute and neuropathic pain. SCH221510, an orally active non-peptide ORL1 agonist, was reported to be effective in treating neuropathic pain. The present study used ORL1 antagonist and siRNA to investigate that ORL1 activation mediates intrathecal SCH221510 analgesia in neuropathic pain induced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI) to rat sciatic nerve. Paw withdrawal latency and 50% mechanical threshold were measured for thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in rats. CCI significantly decreased paw withdrawal latency and mechanical threshold. SCH221510 (3, 10, 30 μg) or ORL1 antagonist ([Nphe1]nociceptin(1-13)NH2, 10 μg) was intrathecally injected to test the behavioral effects on neuropathic pain. Intrathecal siRNA was started on 1 day before CCI surgery and maintained for 7 days. L4-L5 spinal cord ORL1 mRNA and protein were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot. The effect of intrathecal siRNA on SCH2210510 was tested in CCI rats on day 7. Intrathecal SCH221510 dose-dependently reduced thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity induced by CCI. [Nphe1]nociceptin(1-13)NH2 blocked SCH221510 analgesia in CCI rats. Intrathecal siRNA blocked ORL1 mRNA and protein increase induced by CCI. Intrathecal ORL1 siRNA did not change thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity induced by nerve injury. Intrathecal siRNA blocked SCH221510 analgesia in neuropathic pain at spinal level. Conclusively, ORL1 activation mediates SCH221510 analgesia in neuropathic pain at spinal level. The results warrant a potential clinically applicable drug in treating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, 56 Jin Hui Da Street, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang First People's Hospital, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
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Ozawa A, Brunori G, Cippitelli A, Toll N, Schoch J, Kieffer BL, Toll L. Analysis of the distribution of spinal NOP receptors in a chronic pain model using NOP-eGFP knock-in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2662-2675. [PMID: 29582417 PMCID: PMC6003644 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide (NOP) receptor system plays a significant role in the regulation of pain. This system functions differently in the spinal cord and brain. The mechanism by which the NOP receptor agonists regulate pain transmission in these regions is not clearly understood. Here, we investigate the peripheral and spinal NOP receptor distribution and antinociceptive effects of intrathecal nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) in chronic neuropathic pain. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used immunohistochemistry to determine changes in NOP receptor distribution triggered by spinal nerve ligation (SNL) using NOP-eGFP knock-in mice. Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal N/OFQ on SNL-mediated allodynia and heat/cold hyperalgesia were assessed in wild-type mice. KEY RESULTS NOP-eGFP immunoreactivity was decreased by SNL in the spinal laminae I and II outer, regions that mediate noxious heat stimuli. In contrast, immunoreactivity of NOP-eGFP was unchanged in the ventral border of lamina II inner, which is an important region for the development of allodynia. NOP-eGFP expression was also decreased in a large number of primary afferents in the L4 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of SNL mice. However, SNL mice showed increased sensitivity, compared to sham animals to the effects of i.t administered N/OFQ with respect to mechanical as well as thermal stimuli. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that the spinal NOP receptor system attenuates injury-induced hyperalgesia by direct inhibition of the projection neurons in the spinal cord that send nociceptive signals to the brain and not by inhibiting presynaptic terminals of DRG neurons in the superficial lamina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ozawa
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular StudiesPort St. LucieFL34987USA
| | - Gloria Brunori
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular StudiesPort St. LucieFL34987USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of MedicineFlorida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL33431USA
| | - Andrea Cippitelli
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular StudiesPort St. LucieFL34987USA
| | - Nicholas Toll
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular StudiesPort St. LucieFL34987USA
| | - Jennifer Schoch
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular StudiesPort St. LucieFL34987USA
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQCH4H 1R3Canada
| | - Lawrence Toll
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular StudiesPort St. LucieFL34987USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of MedicineFlorida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL33431USA
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Selectivity profiling of NOP, MOP, DOP and KOP receptor antagonists in the rat spinal nerve ligation model of mononeuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Sałat K, Furgała A, Sałat R. Evaluation of cebranopadol, a dually acting nociceptin/orphanin FQ and opioid receptor agonist in mouse models of acute, tonic, and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:361-374. [PMID: 29071457 PMCID: PMC5859690 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0405-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cebranopadol (a.k.a. GRT-6005) is a dually acting nociceptin/orphanin FQ and opioid receptor agonist that has been recently developed in Phase 2 clinical trials for painful diabetic neuropathy or cancer pain. It also showed analgesic properties in various rat models of pain and had a better safety profile as compared to equi-analgesic doses of morphine. Since antinociceptive properties of cebranopadol have been studied mainly in rat models, in the present study, we assessed analgesic activity of subcutaneous cebranopadol (10 mg/kg) in various mouse pain models. METHODS We used models of acute, tonic, and chronic pain induced by thermal and chemical stimuli, with a particular emphasis on pharmacoresistant chronic neuropathic pain evoked by oxaliplatin in which cebranopadol was used alone or in combination with simvastatin. KEY RESULTS As shown in the hot plate test, the analgesic activity of cebranopadol developed more slowly as compared to morphine (90-120 min vs. 60 min). Cebranopadol displayed a significant antinociceptive activity in acute pain models, i.e., the hot plate, writhing, and capsaicin tests. It attenuated nocifensive responses in both phases of the formalin test and reduced cold allodynia in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain model. Its efficacy was similar to that of morphine. Used in combination and administered simultaneously, 4 or 6 h after simvastatin, cebranopadol did not potentiate antiallodynic activity of this cholesterol-lowering drug. Cebranopadol did not induce any motor deficits in the rotarod test. CONCLUSION Cebranopadol may have significant potential for the treatment of various pain types, including inflammatory and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Sałat
- Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anna Furgała
- Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert Sałat
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 164 Nowoursynowska St, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
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Micheli L, Lucarini E, Corti F, Ciccocioppo R, Calò G, Rizzi A, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L. Involvement of the N/OFQ-NOP system in rat morphine antinociceptive tolerance: Are astrocytes the crossroad? Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 823:79-86. [PMID: 29378191 PMCID: PMC6064644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effect is a main problem associated with the repeated administration of opioids. The progressively higher doses required to relieve pain reduce safety and exacerbate the side effects of classical opioid receptor agonists like morphine. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and its NOP receptor constitute the fourth endogenous opioid system that is involved in the control of broad spectrum of biological functions, including pain transmission. Aim of this work was to evaluate the relevance of the N/OFQ-NOP system in morphine antinociceptive action and in the development of morphine tolerance in the rat. Continuous spinal intrathecal infusion of morphine (1-3 nmol/h) evoked analgesic effects for 5 days in wild type animals. The same doses infused in NOP(-/-) rats showed a lower analgesic efficacy, while the onset of tolerance was delayed to day 9. N/OFQ (1-3 nmol/h), continuously infused in NOP(+/+) animals, showed an analgesic profile similar to morphine. Immunohistochemical analysis of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord of morphine tolerant NOP(+/+) rats showed an increased number of Iba1- and GFAP-positive cells (microglia and astrocytes, respectively). Interestingly, microglia but not astrocyte activation was observed in NOP(-/-) morphine tolerant rat. A selective activation of astrocytes was observed in the dorsal horn of wild type N/OFQ tolerant rats. The antinociceptive effect of morphine partially depends by the N/OFQ-NOP system that participates in the development of morphine tolerance. In particular, NOP receptors are involved in morphine-induced astrocyte activation, and N/OFQ per se increases astrocyte density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Corti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Girolamo Calò
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Rizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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27
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Tzschentke TM, Linz K, Frosch S, Christoph T. Antihyperalgesic, Antiallodynic, and Antinociceptive Effects of Cebranopadol, a Novel Potent Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ and Opioid Receptor Agonist, after Peripheral and Central Administration in Rodent Models of Neuropathic Pain. Pain Pract 2017; 17:1032-1041. [PMID: 28112482 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cebranopadol is a novel and highly potent analgesic acting via nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) and opioid receptors. Since NOP and opioid receptors are expressed in the central nervous system as well as in the periphery, this study addressed the question of where cebranopadol exerts its effects in animal models of chronic neuropathic pain. Mechanical hypersensitivity in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic rats, cold allodynia in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model in rats, and heat hyperalgesia and nociception in STZ-treated diabetic and control mice was determined after intraplantar (i.pl.), intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.), or intrathecal (i.th.) administration. In STZ-treated rats, cebranopadol (i.pl.) reduced mechanical hypersensitivity in the ipsilateral paw, but had no effect at the contralateral paw. In CCI rats, cebranopadol (i.pl.) showed antiallodynic activity at the ipsilateral paw. After administration to the contralateral paw, cebranopadol also showed ipsilateral antiallodynic activity, but with reduced potency and delayed onset. In diabetic mice, cebranopadol i.th. and i.c.v. decreased heat hyperalgesia with full efficacy and similar potency for both routes. Cebranopadol also produced significant antinociception in nondiabetic controls. Thus, cebranopadol exerts potent and efficacious antihyperalgesic, antiallodynic, and antinociceptive effects after local/peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal administration. The contralateral effects after i.pl. administration were likely due to systemic redistribution. After central administration of cebranopadol, antihyperalgesic efficacy is reached at doses that are not yet antinociceptive. This study shows that cebranopadol is effective after peripheral as well as central administration in nociceptive and chronic neuropathic pain. Thus, it may be well-suited for the treatment of chronic pain conditions with a neuropathic component.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaus Linz
- Preclinical Drug Development, Grünenthal GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Frosch
- Preclinical Drug Development, Grünenthal GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Christoph
- Pharmacology and Biomarker Development, Grünenthal GmbH, Germany
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28
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Rizzi A, Ruzza C, Bianco S, Trapella C, Calo' G. Antinociceptive action of NOP and opioid receptor agonists in the mouse orofacial formalin test. Peptides 2017; 94:71-77. [PMID: 28697954 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) modulates several biological functions, including pain transmission via selective activation of a specific receptor named NOP. The aim of this study was the investigation of the antinociceptive properties of NOP agonists and their interaction with opioids in the trigeminal territory. The orofacial formalin (OFF) test in mice was used to investigate the antinociceptive potential associated to the activation of NOP and opioid receptors. Mice subjected to OFF test displayed the typical biphasic nociceptive response and sensitivity to opioid and NSAID drugs. Mice knockout for the NOP gene displayed a robust pronociceptive phenotype. The NOP selective agonist Ro 65-6570 (0.1-1mgkg-1) and morphine (0.1-10mgkg-1) elicited dose dependent antinociceptive effects in the OFF with the alkaloid showing larger effects; the isobologram analysis of their actions demonstrated an additive type of interaction. The mixed NOP/opioid receptor agonist cebranopadol elicited potent (0.01-0.1mgkg-1) and robust antinociceptive effects. In the investigated dose range, all drugs did not modify the motor performance of the mice in the rotarod test. Collectively the results of this study demonstrated that selective NOP agonists and particularly mixed NOP/opioid agonists are worthy of development as innovative drugs to treat painful conditions of the trigeminal territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Ruzza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Bianco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Trapella
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Calo'
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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29
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de Guglielmo G, Matzeu A, Kononoff J, Mattioni J, Martin-Fardon R, George O. Cebranopadol Blocks the Escalation of Cocaine Intake and Conditioned Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017. [PMID: 28645915 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.241042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cebranopadol is a novel agonist of nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) and opioid receptors with analgesic properties that is being evaluated in clinical Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials for the treatment of chronic and acute pain. Recent evidence indicates that the combination of opioid and NOP receptor agonism may be a new treatment strategy for cocaine addiction. We sought to extend these findings by examining the effects of cebranopadol on cocaine self-administration (0.5 mg/kg/infusion) and cocaine conditioned reinstatement in rats with extended access to cocaine. Oral administration of cebranopadol (0, 25, and 50 μg/kg) reversed the escalation of cocaine self-administration in rats that were given extended (6 hour) access to cocaine, whereas it did not affect the self-administration of sweetened condensed milk (SCM). Cebranopadol induced conditioned place preference but did not affect locomotor activity during the conditioning sessions. Finally, cebranopadol blocked the conditioned reinstatement of cocaine seeking. These results show that oral cebranopadol treatment prevented addiction-like behaviors (i.e., the escalation of intake and reinstatement), suggesting that it may be a novel strategy for the treatment of cocaine use disorder. However, the conditioned place preference that was observed after cebranopadol administration suggests that this compound may have some intrinsic rewarding effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Matzeu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Jenni Kononoff
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Julia Mattioni
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Rémi Martin-Fardon
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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30
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Starnowska J, Guillemyn K, Makuch W, Mika J, Ballet S, Przewlocka B. Bifunctional opioid/nociceptin hybrid KGNOP1 effectively attenuates pain-related behaviour in a rat model of neuropathy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 104:221-229. [PMID: 28347772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A bifunctional peptide containing an opioid and nociceptin receptor-binding pharmacophore, H-Dmt-D-Arg-Aba-β-Ala-Arg-Tyr-Tyr-Arg-Ile-Lys-NH2 (KGNOP1), was tested for its analgesic properties when administered intrathecally in naïve and chronic constriction injury (CCI)-exposed rats with neuropathy-like symptoms. KGNOP1 significantly increased the acute pain threshold, as measured by the tail-flick test, and also increased the threshold of a painful reaction to mechanical and thermal stimuli in CCI-exposed rats. Both of the effects could be blocked by pre-administration of [Nphe1]-Nociceptin (1-13)-NH2 (NPhe) or naloxone, antagonists for nociceptin and opioid receptors, respectively. This led us to conclude that KGNOP1 acts as a dual opioid and nociceptin receptor agonist in vivo. The analgesic effect of KGNOP1 proved to be more powerful than clinical drugs such as morphine and buprenorphine. Repeated daily intrathecal injections of KGNOP1 led to the development of analgesic tolerance, with the antiallodynic action being completely abolished on day 6. Nevertheless, the development of tolerance to the antihyperalgesic effect was delayed in comparison to morphine, which lost its efficacy as measured by the cold plate test after 3days of daily intrathecal administration, whereas KGNOP1 was efficient up to day 6. A single intrathecal injection of morphine to KGNOP1-tolerant rats did not raise the pain threshold in any of the behavioural tests; in contrast, a single intrathecal dose of KGNOP1 significantly suppressed allodynia and hyperalgesia in morphine-tolerant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Starnowska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karel Guillemyn
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wioletta Makuch
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Mika
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Barbara Przewlocka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland.
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31
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Raffa RB, Burdge G, Gambrah J, Kinecki HE, Lin F, Lu B, Nguyen JT, Phan V, Ruan A, Sesay MA, Watkins TN. Cebranopadol: novel dual opioid/NOP receptor agonist analgesic. J Clin Pharm Ther 2016; 42:8-17. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. B. Raffa
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
- University of Arizona College of Pharmacy; Tucson AZ USA
| | - G. Burdge
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - J. Gambrah
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - H. E. Kinecki
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - F. Lin
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - B. Lu
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - J. T. Nguyen
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - V. Phan
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - A. Ruan
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - M. A. Sesay
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - T. N. Watkins
- Temple University School of Pharmacy; Philadelphia PA USA
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32
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Anand P, Yiangou Y, Anand U, Mukerji G, Sinisi M, Fox M, McQuillan A, Quick T, Korchev YE, Hein P. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor expression in clinical pain disorders and functional effects in cultured neurons. Pain 2016; 157:1960-1969. [PMID: 27127846 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor (NOP), activated by its endogenous peptide ligand nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), exerts several effects including modulation of pain signalling. We have examined, for the first time, the tissue distribution of the NOP receptor in clinical visceral and somatic pain disorders by immunohistochemistry and assessed functional effects of NOP and μ-opioid receptor activation in cultured human and rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Quantification of NOP-positive nerve fibres within the bladder suburothelium revealed a remarkable several-fold increase in detrusor overactivity (P < 0.0001) and painful bladder syndrome patient specimens (P = 0.0014) compared with controls. In postmortem control human DRG, 75% to 80% of small/medium neurons (≤50 μm diameter) in the lumbar (somatic) and sacral (visceral) DRG were positive for NOP, and fewer large neurons; avulsion-injured cervical human DRG neurons showed similar numbers. NOP immunoreactivity was significantly decreased in injured peripheral nerves (P = 0.0004), and also in painful neuromas (P = 0.025). Calcium-imaging studies in cultured rat DRG neurons demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of capsaicin responses in the presence of N/OFQ, with an IC50 of 8.6 pM. In cultured human DRG neurons, 32% inhibition of capsaicin responses was observed in the presence of 1 pM N/OFQ (P < 0.001). The maximum inhibition of capsaicin responses was greater with N/OFQ than μ-opioid receptor agonist DAMGO. Our findings highlight the potential of NOP agonists, particularly in urinary bladder overactivity and pain syndromes. The regulation of NOP expression in visceral and somatic sensory neurons by target-derived neurotrophic factors deserves further study, and the efficacy of NOP selective agonists in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Anand
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yiangos Yiangou
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Uma Anand
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaurav Mukerji
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Sinisi
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Fox
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony McQuillan
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Quick
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Yuri E Korchev
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hein
- Grünenthal Innovation, Translational Science and Strategy, Grünenthal GmbH, Aachen, Germany
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Rizzi A, Cerlesi MC, Ruzza C, Malfacini D, Ferrari F, Bianco S, Costa T, Guerrini R, Trapella C, Calo' G. Pharmacological characterization of cebranopadol a novel analgesic acting as mixed nociceptin/orphanin FQ and opioid receptor agonist. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00247. [PMID: 28116100 PMCID: PMC5242173 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological profile of cebranopadol, a novel agonist for opioid and nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptors (NOP). In vitro cebranopadol was assayed in calcium mobilization studies in cells coexpressing NOP or opioid receptors and chimeric G‐proteins and in a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay for studying receptor interaction with G‐protein and β‐arrestin 2. The mouse tail withdrawal and formalin tests were used for investigating cebranopadol antinociceptive properties. In calcium mobilization studies cebranopadol showed the following rank order of potency NOP = mu > kappa ≥ delta. In BRET studies, cebranopadol promoted NOP and mu receptors interaction with G‐protein with similar high potency and efficacy. However, cebranopadol did not stimulated NOP–β‐arrestin 2 interactions and displayed reduced potency at mu/β‐arrestin 2. In vivo, cebranopadol exhibits highly potent and extremely long‐lasting antinociceptive effects. The effects of cebranopadol in the tail withdrawal assay were sensitive to both SB‐612111 and naloxone. Collectively the present results confirm and extend previous finding demonstrating that cebranopadol, by acting as mixed NOP/opioid receptor agonist, elicits robust analgesic effects in different pain models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Maria Camilla Cerlesi
- Department of Medical Sciences Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Chiara Ruzza
- Department of Medical Sciences Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Davide Malfacini
- Department of Medical Sciences Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Department of Medical Sciences Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Sara Bianco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Tommaso Costa
- Department of Pharmacology Istituto Superiore di Sanita' Rome Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Girolamo Calo'
- Department of Medical Sciences Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
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34
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Bird MF, Cerlesi MC, Brown M, Malfacini D, Vezzi V, Molinari P, Micheli L, Mannelli LDC, Ghelardini C, Guerrini R, Calò G, Lambert DG. Characterisation of the Novel Mixed Mu-NOP Peptide Ligand Dermorphin-N/OFQ (DeNo). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156897. [PMID: 27272042 PMCID: PMC4896453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Opioid receptors are currently classified as Mu (μ), Delta (δ), Kappa (κ) plus the opioid related nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide receptor (NOP). Despite compelling evidence for interactions and benefits of targeting more than one receptor type in producing analgesia, clinical ligands are Mu agonists. In this study we have designed a Mu-NOP agonist named DeNo. The Mu agonist component is provided by dermorphin, a peptide isolated from the skin of Phyllomedusa frogs and the NOP component by the endogenous agonist N/OFQ. METHODS We have assessed receptor binding profile of DeNo and compared with dermorphin and N/OFQ. In a series of functional screens we have assessed the ability to (i) increase Ca2+ in cells coexpressing recombinant receptors and a the chimeric protein Gαqi5, (ii) stimulate the binding of GTPγ[35S], (iii) inhibit cAMP formation, (iv) activate MAPKinase, (v) stimulate receptor-G protein and arrestin interaction using BRET, (vi) electrically stimulated guinea pig ileum (gpI) assay and (vii) ability to produce analgesia via the intrathecal route in rats. RESULTS DeNo bound to Mu (pKi; 9.55) and NOP (pKi; 10.22) and with reasonable selectivity. This translated to increased Ca2+ in Gαqi5 expressing cells (pEC50 Mu 7.17; NOP 9.69), increased binding of GTPγ[35S] (pEC50 Mu 7.70; NOP 9.50) and receptor-G protein interaction in BRET (pEC50 Mu 8.01; NOP 9.02). cAMP formation was inhibited and arrestin was activated (pEC50 Mu 6.36; NOP 8.19). For MAPK DeNo activated p38 and ERK1/2 at Mu but only ERK1/2 at NOP. In the gpI DeNO inhibited electrically-evoked contractions (pEC50 8.63) that was sensitive to both Mu and NOP antagonists. DeNo was antinociceptive in rats. CONCLUSION Collectively these data validate the strategy used to create a novel bivalent Mu-NOP peptide agonist by combining dermorphin (Mu) and N/OFQ (NOP). This molecule behaves essentially as the parent compounds in vitro. In the antonocicoeptive assays employed in this study DeNo displays only weak antinociceptive properties.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cricetulus
- Guinea Pigs
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Male
- Opioid Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/chemical synthesis
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Nociceptin Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F. Bird
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Camilla Cerlesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Malfacini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vanessa Vezzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Paola Molinari
- Department of Pharmacology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health—Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health—Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health—Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Girolamo Calò
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - David G. Lambert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Zamponi GW, Han C, Waxman SG. Voltage-Gated Ion Channels as Molecular Targets for Pain. Transl Neurosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7654-3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kiguchi N, Ding H, Ko MC. Central N/OFQ-NOP Receptor System in Pain Modulation. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2015; 75:217-43. [PMID: 26920014 PMCID: PMC4944813 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Two decades have passed since the peptide, nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), and its cognate (NOP) receptor were discovered. Although NOP receptor activation causes a similar pattern of intracellular actions as mu-opioid (MOP) receptors, NOP receptor-mediated pain modulation in rodents are more complicated than MOP receptor activation. This review highlights the functional evidence of spinal, supraspinal, and systemic actions of NOP receptor agonists for regulating pain. In rodents, effects of the N/OFQ-NOP receptor system in spinal and supraspinal sites for modulating pain are bidirectional depending on the doses, assays, and pain modalities. The net effect of systemically administered NOP receptor agonists may depend on relative contribution of spinal and supraspinal actions of the N/OFQ-NOP receptor signaling in rodents under different pain states. In stark contrast, NOP receptor agonists produce only antinociception and antihypersensitivity in spinal and supraspinal regions of nonhuman primates regardless of doses and assays. More importantly, NOP receptor agonists and a few bifunctional NOP/MOP receptor agonists do not exhibit reinforcing effects (abuse liability), respiratory depression, itch pruritus, nor do they delay the gastrointestinal transit function (constipation) in nonhuman primates. Depending upon their intrinsic efficacies for activating NOP and MOP receptors, bifunctional NOP/MOP receptor agonists warrant additional investigation in primates regarding their side effect profiles. Nevertheless, NOP receptor-related agonists display a much wider therapeutic window as compared to that of MOP receptor agonists in primates. Both selective NOP receptor agonists and bifunctional NOP/MOP receptor agonists hold great potential as effective and safe analgesics without typical opioid-associated side effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Kiguchi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Huiping Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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Di Cesare Mannelli L, Micheli L, Ghelardini C. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor and pain: Feasibility of the fourth opioid family member. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 766:151-4. [PMID: 26277324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological management of chronic pain is a major therapeutic problem. The need of repeated treatments reduces the usefulness of classical analgesic drugs, like μ opioid receptor (MOP) agonists, characterized by tolerance development, side effects and abuse. Moreover, the pathological persistence of pain modifies nociceptive signals and pain-devoted structure activity weakening MOP agonists and making difficult the research of new active molecules. Nociceptine/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and its receptor (NOP) offers a peculiar opioid system able to interact with MOP receptors and made more sensitive by chronic pain conditions. The pain reliever efficacy of NOP agonists against persistent pain, mainly neuropathic pain, has been highlighted after intrathecal infusions in rats and non human primates (NHPs). The differences emerged between the effects of NOP stimulation in rodents and NHPs allow to hypothesize the relevance of NOP modulators in higher organisms strongly encouraging the development of compounds active by a systemic route. Possible applicative perspectives are (i) selective NOP agonists as such, (ii) NOP modulation as adjuvant of MOP-based treatments, or (iii) mixed non-selective agonists vs NOP and classical opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Micheli L, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Rizzi A, Guerrini R, Trapella C, Calò G, Ghelardini C. Intrathecal administration of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor agonists in rats: A strategy to relieve chemotherapy-induced neuropathic hypersensitivity. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 766:155-62. [PMID: 26450087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin and paclitaxel are considered central components in the treatment of colorectal and breast cancer, respectively. The development of neuropathy during chronic treatment represents the major dose-limiting side effect that leads to discontinuation or interruption of therapies. The management of neuropathy is a challenge to individuate innovative therapeutic strategies based on new targets and correct routes of administration. We evaluated the hypersensitivity reliever effect of different opioid receptor agonists in rat models of oxaliplatin and paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. Compounds were spinally infused by intrathecal catheter. In oxaliplatin-treated rats, 0.3 nmol morphine induced the reversion of the mechanical hypersensitivity (Paw-pressure test), nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ; 0.3-3 nmol) significantly increased the pain threshold without reaching the values of the control animals. The N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor full agonist UFP-112 reverted pain threshold alterations at lower dosage (0.1 nmol) vs morphine and N/OFQ, the partial agonist UFP-113 (0.1-1 nmol) was similar to N/OFQ. The higher efficacy of morphine vs N/OFQ was highlighted also in paclitaxel-treated rats. The mechanical hypersensitivity was fully reverted by 0.1 nmol UFP-112 and UFP-113. In conclusion, intrathecal μ opioid peptide (MOP) and NOP receptor agonists relieved chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. The synthetic peptides showed valuable potency and efficacy suggesting the NOP system as an exploitable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Anna Rizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Girolamo Calò
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Zamponi GW, Striessnig J, Koschak A, Dolphin AC. The Physiology, Pathology, and Pharmacology of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and Their Future Therapeutic Potential. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:821-70. [PMID: 26362469 PMCID: PMC4630564 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 684] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels are required for many key functions in the body. In this review, the different subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels are described and their physiologic roles and pharmacology are outlined. We describe the current uses of drugs interacting with the different calcium channel subtypes and subunits, as well as specific areas in which there is strong potential for future drug development. Current therapeutic agents include drugs targeting L-type Ca(V)1.2 calcium channels, particularly 1,4-dihydropyridines, which are widely used in the treatment of hypertension. T-type (Ca(V)3) channels are a target of ethosuximide, widely used in absence epilepsy. The auxiliary subunit α2δ-1 is the therapeutic target of the gabapentinoid drugs, which are of value in certain epilepsies and chronic neuropathic pain. The limited use of intrathecal ziconotide, a peptide blocker of N-type (Ca(V)2.2) calcium channels, as a treatment of intractable pain, gives an indication that these channels represent excellent drug targets for various pain conditions. We describe how selectivity for different subtypes of calcium channels (e.g., Ca(V)1.2 and Ca(V)1.3 L-type channels) may be achieved in the future by exploiting differences between channel isoforms in terms of sequence and biophysical properties, variation in splicing in different target tissues, and differences in the properties of the target tissues themselves in terms of membrane potential or firing frequency. Thus, use-dependent blockers of the different isoforms could selectively block calcium channels in particular pathologies, such as nociceptive neurons in pain states or in epileptic brain circuits. Of important future potential are selective Ca(V)1.3 blockers for neuropsychiatric diseases, neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease, and resistant hypertension. In addition, selective or nonselective T-type channel blockers are considered potential therapeutic targets in epilepsy, pain, obesity, sleep, and anxiety. Use-dependent N-type calcium channel blockers are likely to be of therapeutic use in chronic pain conditions. Thus, more selective calcium channel blockers hold promise for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (G.W.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (J.S., A.K.); and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.C.D.)
| | - Joerg Striessnig
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (G.W.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (J.S., A.K.); and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.C.D.)
| | - Alexandra Koschak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (G.W.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (J.S., A.K.); and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.C.D.)
| | - Annette C Dolphin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (G.W.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (J.S., A.K.); and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.C.D.)
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Rizzi A, Sukhtankar DD, Ding H, Hayashida K, Ruzza C, Guerrini R, Calò G, Ko MC. Spinal antinociceptive effects of the novel NOP receptor agonist PWT2-nociceptin/orphanin FQ in mice and monkeys. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3661-70. [PMID: 25828800 PMCID: PMC4507167 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Using an innovative chemical approach, peptide welding technology (PWT), a tetrabranched derivative of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) has been generated and pharmacologically characterized. Both in vitro and in vivo PWT2-N/OFQ displayed the same pharmacological profile to the natural ligand. It was more potent and produced longer-lasting effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the spinal effects of PWT2-N/OFQ in nociceptive and neuropathic pain models in mice and non-human primates. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Tail withdrawal assay in mice and monkeys was used as a nociceptive pain model and mechanical threshold in mice subjected to chronic constriction injury was used as a neuropathic pain model. The antinociceptive effects of spinally administered N/OFQ and PWT2-N/OFQ were assessed in these models. KEY RESULTS PWT2-N/OFQ mimicked the spinal antinociceptive effects of N/OFQ both in nociceptive and neuropathic pain models in mice as well as in non-human primates displaying 40-fold higher potency and a markedly prolonged duration of action. The effects of N/OFQ and PWT2-N/OFQ were sensitive to the N/OFQ receptor (NOP) antagonist SB-612111, but not to opioid receptor antagonists. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The present study has demonstrated that PWT2-N/OFQ mimicked the antinociceptive effects of the natural peptide in rodents and non-human primates acting as a potent and longer-lasting NOP-selective agonist. More generally, PWT derivatives of biologically active peptides can be viewed as innovative pharmacological tools for investigating those conditions and states in which selective and prolonged receptor stimulation promotes beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - D D Sukhtankar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - H Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - K Hayashida
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Ruzza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Guerrini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - G Calò
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M C Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Tariq S, Rashed H, Nurulain SM, Emerald BS, Koturan S, Tekes K, Adeghate E. Distribution of nociceptin in pancreatic islet cells of normal and diabetic rats. Pancreas 2015; 44:602-7. [PMID: 25875798 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nociceptin has been reported to play an important role in the regulation of pancreatic exocrine secretion. Most of the studies performed on nociceptin are mainly physiological rather than morphological in nature. The present study investigated the pattern of distribution of nociceptin in the endocrine pancreas of normal and diabetic rats. METHODS Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and double-labeled immunoelectron microscopy were used in this study. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight). RESULTS Nociceptin-immunoreactive cells were observed in the central and peripheral regions of the islets of both normal and diabetic rat pancreas. The number of nociceptin-positive cells was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the islet of diabetic rats compared with the control. Immunofluorescence study showed that nociceptin colocalizes with insulin in pancreatic β-cells. The degree of colocalization of nociceptin with insulin was severely deranged after the onset of diabetes. Moreover, immunogold particles conjugated with either nociceptin or insulin were observed on the granules of pancreatic β-cell. The number of nociceptin-labeled colloidal gold particles was significantly lower after the onset of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Nociceptin is present in pancreatic islets cells and colocalizes with insulin. Nociceptin may have a physiological role in the metabolism of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Tariq
- From the Departments of *Anatomy, and †Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; and ‡Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Mechanical hyperalgesia in rats with diabetic polyneuropathy is selectively inhibited by local peripheral nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor and µ-opioid receptor agonism. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 754:61-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Schröder W, Lambert DG, Ko MC, Koch T. Functional plasticity of the N/OFQ-NOP receptor system determines analgesic properties of NOP receptor agonists. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:3777-800. [PMID: 24762001 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite high sequence similarity between NOP (nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide) and opioid receptors, marked differences in endogenous ligand selectivity, signal transduction, phosphorylation, desensitization, internalization and trafficking have been identified; underscoring the evolutionary difference between NOP and opioid receptors. Activation of NOP receptors affects nociceptive transmission in a site-specific manner, with antinociceptive effects prevailing after peripheral and spinal activation, and pronociceptive effects after supraspinal activation in rodents. The net effect of systemically administered NOP receptor agonists on nociception is proposed to depend on the relative contribution of peripheral, spinal and supraspinal activation, and this may depend on experimental conditions. Functional expression and regulation of NOP receptors at peripheral and central sites of the nociceptive pathway exhibits a high degree of plasticity under conditions of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. In rodents, systemically administered NOP receptor agonists exerted antihypersensitive effects in models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. However, they were largely ineffective in acute pain while concomitantly evoking severe motor side effects. In contrast, systemic administration of NOP receptor agonists to non-human primates (NHPs) exerted potent and efficacious antinociception in the absence of motor and sedative side effects. The reason for this species difference with respect to antinociceptive efficacy and tolerability is not clear. Moreover, co-activation of NOP and μ-opioid peptide (MOP) receptors synergistically produced antinociception in NHPs. Hence, both selective NOP receptor as well as NOP/MOP receptor agonists may hold potential for clinical use as analgesics effective in conditions of acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schröder
- Department of Translational Science, Global Innovation, Grünenthal GmbH, Aachen, Germany
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Popiolek-Barczyk K, Rojewska E, Jurga AM, Makuch W, Zador F, Borsodi A, Piotrowska A, Przewlocka B, Mika J. Minocycline enhances the effectiveness of nociceptin/orphanin FQ during neuropathic pain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:762930. [PMID: 25276817 PMCID: PMC4168034 DOI: 10.1155/2014/762930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) antinociception, which is mediated selectively by the N/OFQ peptide receptor (NOP), was demonstrated in pain models. In this study, we determine the role of activated microglia on the analgesic effects of N/OFQ in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve. Repeated 7-day administration of minocycline (30 mg/kg i.p.), a drug that affects microglial activation, significantly reduced pain in CCI-exposed rats and it potentiates the analgesic effects of administered N/OFQ (2.5-5 μg i.t.). Minocycline also downregulates the nerve injury-induced upregulation of NOP protein in the dorsal lumbar spinal cord. Our in vitro study showed that minocycline reduced NOP mRNA, but not protein, level in rat primary microglial cell cultures. In [(35)S]GTPγS binding assays we have shown that minocycline increases the spinal N/OFQ-stimulated NOP signaling. We suggest that the modulation of the N/OFQ system by minocycline is due to the potentiation of its neuronal antinociceptive activity and weakening of the microglial cell activation. This effect is beneficial for pain relief, and these results suggest new targets for the development of drugs that are effective against neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Popiolek-Barczyk
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Cracow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Rojewska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka M. Jurga
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Cracow, Poland
| | - Wioletta Makuch
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Cracow, Poland
| | - Ferenz Zador
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt 62 Street, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Anna Borsodi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt 62 Street, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Cracow, Poland
| | - Barbara Przewlocka
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Cracow, Poland
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Rutten K, Tzschentke TM, Koch T, Schiene K, Christoph T. Pharmacogenomic study of the role of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor and opioid receptors in diabetic hyperalgesia. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741:264-71. [PMID: 25169429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Targeting functionally independent receptors may provide synergistic analgesic effects in neuropathic pain. To examine the interdependency between different opioid receptors (µ-opioid peptide [MOP], δ-opioid peptide [DOP] and κ-opioid peptide [KOP]) and the nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic polyneuropathy, nocifensive activity was measured using a hot plate test in wild-type and NOP, MOP, DOP and KOP receptor knockout mice in response to the selective receptor agonists Ro65-6570, morphine, SNC-80 and U50488H, or vehicle. Nocifensive activity was similar in non-diabetic wild-type and knockout mice at baseline, before agonist or vehicle administration. STZ-induced diabetes significantly increased heat sensitivity in all mouse strains, but MOP, DOP and KOP receptor knockouts showed a smaller degree of hyperalgesia than wild-type mice and NOP receptor knockouts. For each agonist, a significant antihyperalgesic effect was observed in wild-type diabetic mice (all P<0.05 versus vehicle); the effect was markedly attenuated in diabetic mice lacking the cognate receptor compared with wild-type diabetic mice. Morphine was the only agonist that demonstrated near-full antihyperalgesic efficacy across all non-cognate receptor knockouts. Partial or near-complete reductions in efficacy were observed with Ro65-6570 in DOP and KOP receptor knockouts, with SNC-80 in NOP, MOP and KOP receptor knockouts, and with U50488H in NOP and DOP receptor knockouts. There was no evidence of NOP and MOP receptor interdependency in response to selective agonists for these receptors. These findings suggest that concurrent activation of NOP and MOP receptors, which showed functional independence, may yield an effective and favorable therapeutic analgesic profile.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Hyperalgesia/drug therapy
- Hyperalgesia/genetics
- Hyperalgesia/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
- Nociceptin Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Rutten
- Grünenthal GmbH, Global Preclinical Drug Development, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Zieglerstrasse 6, 52078 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas M Tzschentke
- Grünenthal GmbH, Global Preclinical Drug Development, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Zieglerstrasse 6, 52078 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Koch
- Grünenthal GmbH, Global Preclinical Drug Development, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Schiene
- Grünenthal GmbH, Global Preclinical Drug Development, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Zieglerstrasse 6, 52078 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Christoph
- Grünenthal GmbH, Global Preclinical Drug Development, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Zieglerstrasse 6, 52078 Aachen, Germany
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Linz K, Christoph T, Tzschentke TM, Koch T, Schiene K, Gautrois M, Schröder W, Kögel BY, Beier H, Englberger W, Schunk S, De Vry J, Jahnel U, Frosch S. Cebranopadol: a novel potent analgesic nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide and opioid receptor agonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 349:535-48. [PMID: 24713140 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.213694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cebranopadol (trans-6'-fluoro-4',9'-dihydro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1'(3'H)-pyrano[3,4-b]indol]-4-amine) is a novel analgesic nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) and opioid receptor agonist [Ki (nM)/EC50 (nM)/relative efficacy (%): human NOP receptor 0.9/13.0/89; human mu-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor 0.7/1.2/104; human kappa-opioid peptide receptor 2.6/17/67; human delta-opioid peptide receptor 18/110/105]. Cebranopadol exhibits highly potent and efficacious antinociceptive and antihypersensitive effects in several rat models of acute and chronic pain (tail-flick, rheumatoid arthritis, bone cancer, spinal nerve ligation, diabetic neuropathy) with ED50 values of 0.5-5.6 µg/kg after intravenous and 25.1 µg/kg after oral administration. In comparison with selective MOP receptor agonists, cebranopadol was more potent in models of chronic neuropathic than acute nociceptive pain. Cebranopadol's duration of action is long (up to 7 hours after intravenous 12 µg/kg; >9 hours after oral 55 µg/kg in the rat tail-flick test). The antihypersensitive activity of cebranopadol in the spinal nerve ligation model was partially reversed by pretreatment with the selective NOP receptor antagonist J-113397[1-[(3R,4R)-1-cyclooctylmethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4-piperidyl]-3-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one] or the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, indicating that both NOP and opioid receptor agonism are involved in this activity. Development of analgesic tolerance in the chronic constriction injury model was clearly delayed compared with that from an equianalgesic dose of morphine (complete tolerance on day 26 versus day 11, respectively). Unlike morphine, cebranopadol did not disrupt motor coordination and respiration at doses within and exceeding the analgesic dose range. Cebranopadol, by its combination of agonism at NOP and opioid receptors, affords highly potent and efficacious analgesia in various pain models with a favorable side effect profile.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/complications
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Bone Neoplasms/complications
- Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Bone Neoplasms/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Female
- Indoles/administration & dosage
- Indoles/adverse effects
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Indoles/therapeutic use
- Male
- Opioid Peptides/agonists
- Pain/drug therapy
- Pain/etiology
- Pain/metabolism
- Polyneuropathies/complications
- Polyneuropathies/drug therapy
- Polyneuropathies/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Opioid/agonists
- Rotarod Performance Test
- Spiro Compounds/administration & dosage
- Spiro Compounds/adverse effects
- Spiro Compounds/pharmacology
- Spiro Compounds/therapeutic use
- Nociceptin
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Linz
- Departments of Preclinical Drug Safety (K.L.), Global Preclinical Drug Development (S.F.), Global Preclinical Research and Development (U.J.), Pain Pharmacology (T.C., T.M.T., K.S., B.Y.K., J.D.V.), Molecular Pharmacology (T.K., W.E.), Translational Science (W.S.), Pharmacokinetics (M.G., H.B.), and Medicinal Chemistry (S.S.), Grünenthal GmbH, Aachen, Germany
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47
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Bourinet E, Altier C, Hildebrand ME, Trang T, Salter MW, Zamponi GW. Calcium-permeable ion channels in pain signaling. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:81-140. [PMID: 24382884 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection and processing of painful stimuli in afferent sensory neurons is critically dependent on a wide range of different types of voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels, including sodium, calcium, and TRP channels, to name a few. The functions of these channels include the detection of mechanical and chemical insults, the generation of action potentials and regulation of neuronal firing patterns, the initiation of neurotransmitter release at dorsal horn synapses, and the ensuing activation of spinal cord neurons that project to pain centers in the brain. Long-term changes in ion channel expression and function are thought to contribute to chronic pain states. Many of the channels involved in the afferent pain pathway are permeable to calcium ions, suggesting a role in cell signaling beyond the mere generation of electrical activity. In this article, we provide a broad overview of different calcium-permeable ion channels in the afferent pain pathway and their role in pain pathophysiology.
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48
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Ju J, Shin DJ, Na YC, Yoon MH. Role of spinal opioid receptor on the antiallodynic effect of intrathecal nociceptin in neuropathic rat. Neurosci Lett 2013; 542:118-22. [PMID: 23545207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of intrathecal nociceptin for neuropathic pain and determine the role of spinal opioid receptor types. Neuropathic pain was induced by ligation of L5 and L6 spinal nerves in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Several antagonists were intrathecally administered to evaluate the action mechanisms of nociceptin: nonselective opioid receptor antagonist (naloxone), μ opioid receptor antagonist (CTOP), δ opioid receptor antagonist (naltrindole) and κ opioid receptor antagonist (GNTI). The levels of opioid receptor proteins were examined by Western blotting. Intrathecal nociceptin produced dose-dependent antiallodynia. Intrathecal naloxone reversed the antinociception of nociceptin. Intrathecal CTOP, naltrindole and GNTI reversed the antinociceptive effect of nociceptin. Western blots showed that the levels of spinal opioid receptor proteins did not differ between rats with neuropathic pain and naïve rats. Intrathecal nociceptin increased the level of δ opioid receptor protein compared with that of nerve ligated rats, while the levels of μ, and κ opioid receptor proteins were unchanged. These results suggest that intrathecal nociceptin produced antiallodynic effect in spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain. All three types of spinal μ, δ, and κ opioid receptors were involved in the antiallodynic mechanism of nociceptin.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Hyperalgesia/metabolism
- Hyperalgesia/physiopathology
- Infusions, Spinal
- Male
- Motor Activity
- Narcotic Antagonists
- Neuralgia/metabolism
- Neuralgia/physiopathology
- Opioid Peptides/pharmacology
- Opioid Peptides/physiology
- Pain Threshold
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Touch
- Nociceptin
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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49
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Sukhtankar DD, Zaveri NT, Husbands SM, Ko MC. Effects of spinally administered bifunctional nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor/μ-opioid receptor ligands in mouse models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 346:11-22. [PMID: 23652222 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.203984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor (NOP) agonists produce antinociceptive effects in animal models after spinal administration and potentiate μ-opioid receptor (MOP)-mediated antinociception. This study determined the antinociceptive effects of spinally administered bifunctional NOP/MOP ligands and the antinociceptive functions of spinal NOP and MOP receptors in mice. Antinociceptive effects of bifunctional NOP/MOP ligands BU08028 [(2S)-2-[(5R,6R,7R,14S)-N-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5-epoxy-6,14-ethano-3-hydroxy-6-methoxymorphinan-7-yl]-3,3-dimethylpentan-2-ol] and SR16435 [1-(1-(2,3,3α,4,5,6-hexahydro-1H-phenalen-1-yl)piperidin-4-yl)-indolin-2-one] were pharmacologically compared with the putative bifunctional ligand buprenorphine, selective NOP agonist SCH221510 [3-endo-8-[bis(2-methylphenyl)methyl]-3-phenyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ol] and selective MOP agonist morphine in neuropathic and inflammatory pain models. Additionally, the degree of tolerance development to the antiallodynic effects of SR16435 and buprenorphine were determined after repeated intrathecal administration. Our data indicated that BU08028 and SR16435 were more potent than morphine and SCH221510 in attenuating nerve injury-induced tactile allodynia and inflammation-induced thermal hyperalgesia. Coadministration of receptor-selective antagonists further revealed that both NOP and MOP in the spinal cord mediated the antiallodynic effects of BU08028 and SR16435, but intrathecal buprenorphine-induced antiallodynic effects were primarily mediated by MOP. Repeated intrathecal administration of SR16435 resulted in reduced and slower development of tolerance to its antiallodynic effects compared with buprenorphine. In conclusion, both NOP and MOP receptors in the spinal cord independently drive antinociception in mice. Spinally administered bifunctional NOP/MOP ligands not only can effectively attenuate neuropathic and inflammatory pain, but also have higher antinociceptive potency with reduced tolerance development to analgesia. Such ligands therefore display a promising profile as spinal analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devki D Sukhtankar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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50
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Donica CL, Awwad HO, Thakker DR, Standifer KM. Cellular mechanisms of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide (NOP) receptor regulation and heterologous regulation by N/OFQ. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 83:907-18. [PMID: 23395957 PMCID: PMC3629824 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.084632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide (NOP) receptor is the fourth and most recently discovered member of the opioid receptor superfamily that also includes μ, δ, and κ opioid receptor subtypes (MOR, DOR, and KOR, respectively). The widespread anatomic distribution of the NOP receptor enables the modulation of several physiologic processes by its endogenous agonist, N/OFQ. Accordingly, the NOP receptor has gained a lot of attention as a potential target for the development of ligands with therapeutic use in several pathophysiological states. NOP receptor activation frequently results in effects opposing classic opioid receptor action; therefore, regulation of the NOP receptor and conditions affecting its modulatory tone are important to understand. Mounting evidence reveals a heterologous interaction of the NOP receptor with other G protein-coupled receptors, including MOR, DOR, and KOR, which may subsequently influence their function. Our focus in this review is to summarize and discuss the findings that delineate the cellular mechanisms of NOP receptor signaling and regulation and the regulation of other receptors by N/OFQ and the NOP receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Donica
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
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