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Gu X, Liu X, Sha H, Du X, Zhang H, Miao Y, Chen W, Mao B. Time-Course Analysis and Transcriptomic Identification of a Group III ERF CmTINY2 Involved in Waterlogging Tolerance in Chrysanthemums × morifolium Ramat. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8417. [PMID: 39125984 PMCID: PMC11312920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
'Hangju' is a variety of Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. with both edible and medicinal value, cultivated as a traditional Chinese medicine for four centuries. The cultivation of 'Hangju' is currently at risk due to waterlogging, yet there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding its response to waterlogging stress. This study compared the waterlogging-tolerant 'Hangju' variety Enhanced Waterlogging Tolerance (EWT) with the waterlogging-sensitive variety CK ('zaoxiaoyangju'). EWT exhibited a more developed aeration tissue structure and demonstrated rapid growth regarding the adventitious roots following waterlogging. The time-course transcriptome analysis indicated that EWT could swiftly adjust the expression of the genes involved in the energy metabolism signaling pathways to acclimate to the waterlogged environment. Through WGCNA analysis, we identified Integrase-Type DNA-Binding Protein (CmTINY2) as a key factor in regulating the waterlogging tolerance in EWT. CmTINY2, a transcription factor belonging to the ethylene-responsive factor (ERF) subfamily III, operated within the nucleus and activated downstream gene expression. Its role in enhancing the waterlogging tolerance might be linked to the control of the stomatal aperture via the Ethylene-Responsive Element (ERE) gene. In summary, our research elucidated that the waterlogging tolerance displayed by EWT is a result of a combination of the morphological structure and molecular regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, the study of the functions of CmTINY2 from ERF subfamily III also broadened our knowledge of the role of the ERF genes in the waterlogging signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Gu
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (H.Z.)
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Tongxiang Hangbaiju Technology Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (H.Z.)
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Tongxiang Hangbaiju Technology Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Haodong Sha
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (H.Z.)
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Tongxiang Hangbaiju Technology Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xuejie Du
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (H.Z.)
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Tongxiang Hangbaiju Technology Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (H.Z.)
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuexiao Miao
- Zhejiang Tongxiang Hangbaiju Technology Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Weiliang Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (H.Z.)
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Tongxiang Hangbaiju Technology Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Bizeng Mao
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (H.Z.)
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Tongxiang Hangbaiju Technology Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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Liang W, Sun J, Bai G, Qiu D, Li Q, Dong P, Chen Y, Guo F. Codonopsis radix: a review of resource utilisation, postharvest processing, quality assessment, and its polysaccharide composition. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1366556. [PMID: 38746010 PMCID: PMC11091420 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1366556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Codonopsis radix is the dried root of C. pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., C. pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen, or C. tangshen Oliv., constitutes a botanical medicine with a profound historical lineage. It encompasses an array of bioactive constituents, including polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and polysaccharides, conferring upon it substantial medicinal and edible values. Consequently, it has garnered widespread attention from numerous scholars. In recent years, driven by advancements in modern traditional Chinese medicine, considerable strides have been taken in exploring resources utilization, traditional processing, quality evaluation and polysaccharide research of Codonopsis radix. However, there is a lack of systematic and comprehensive reporting on these research results. This paper provides a summary of recent advances in Codonopsis research, identifies existing issues in Codonopsis studies, and offers insights into future research directions. The aim is to provide insights and literature support for forthcoming investigations into Codonopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Daiyu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengbin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fengxia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Ma H, Liu S, Qu W, Huang Q, Li L, Chu F, Zhu Y, Lv X, Wang Z, Zhu J. Comparison of the antioxidant activities of nonfumigated and sulphur-fumigated Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Hang-ju induced by oxidative stress. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:40-46. [PMID: 33399496 PMCID: PMC7801040 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1865409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The traditional drying method, sun drying, for Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. Hang-ju (Compositae) (HJ) is widely replaced by sulphur fumigation (SF), which has an unknown effect on its efficacy. OBJECTIVE To investigate protective effects of nonfumigated HJ (NHJ) and sulphur-fumigated HJ (SHJ) water extracts against oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were administered high-fat diet to induce hyperlipidaemia and randomly divided into eight groups (n = 6): control, fenofibrate, NHJ and SHJ extracts (1, 2 or 4 g crude drugs/kg/d; intragastric administration for 8 weeks). Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were detected. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with NHJ and SHJ extracts (50, 100 or 200 μg/mL) for 24 h, followed by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL, 20 μg/mL) for 2 h in vitro. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), SOD and MDA levels and apoptosis were evaluated. RESULTS NHJ was more effective than SHJ in decreasing serum TG, TC, LDL-C, LDL/HDL and MDA while increasing serum HDL-C and SOD levels at high doses. SHJ (IC50=19.9 mg/mL) suppressed HUVEC growth stronger than NHJ (IC50=186.7 mg/mL). At 200 μg/mL, NHJ was more effective than SHJ in downregulating ROS and MDA levels, reducing HUVECs apoptosis rate and elevating SOD activity in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS SF causes oxidative damage and attenuates antioxidative activity in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs, which promotes lipid peroxidation. SF is not recommended for processing HJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials/School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Wenshan Qu
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials/School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials/School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials/School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fujiang Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances/School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyun Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine/Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlin Lv
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine/Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine/Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine/Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhu Z, Qian S, Lu X, Xu C, Wang Y, Zhang X, Yu X, Shen Y. Protective Properties of the Extract of Chrysanthemum on Patients with Ischemic Stroke. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:3637456. [PMID: 34900185 PMCID: PMC8654548 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3637456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the protective effect of chrysanthemum extract in ischemic strokes patients is among the challenging issues with the traditional hospital system in general and smart technology-based hospitals in particular. In this study, we have evaluated the protective effect of chrysanthemum extract on patients with ischemic stroke by detecting the severity of stroke, neuronal indexes, and oxidative stress biomarkers. For this purpose, forty-six patients with ischemic stroke were randomly divided into the control group (n = 30) and chrysanthemum group (n = 30). The control group received standard stroke treatment, and the chrysanthemum group was treated with chrysanthemum extract 400 mg/day (200 mg/day, twice/day) on the basis of standard treatment. The groups were compared the effect of saffron capsules using the National Institute of Health Stoke Scale (NIHSS), serum neuron specific enolase (NSE), S100, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), malondialdehyde (MDA), Su-peroxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC ) levels, at the time of first day and fourth day after treatment. On the first day after treatment, there was no significant difference in the NIHSS score, serum NSE, S100, BDNF, MDA, SOD, and TAC levels between the chrysanthemum group and the control group (P > 0.05). On the fourth day after treatment, the NIHSS, serum NSE, S100, and MDA levels were significantly reduced in the chrysanthemum group compared to the control group, while the BDNF, SOD, and TAC levels were higher (P < 0.05). In addition, compared to the levels on the first day, the NIHSS, serum NSE, S100, and MDA levels were significantly reduced, and the BDNF, SOD, and TAC levels were increased in the chrysanthemum group on the fourth day (P < 0.05). Chrysanthemum extract has the effects of scavenging oxygen free radicals and antioxidation and has a neuroprotective effect on ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoying Zhu
- Institute of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Shuxia Qian
- Institute of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Xudong Lu
- Institute of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Congying Xu
- Institute of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Institute of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Institute of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Yufei Shen
- Institute of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
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Wang L, Fan J, Qin X, Li Z. Rapid discrimination of raw and sulfur-fumigated Farfarae Flos based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Chen L, Liu Y, Huang X, Zhu Y, Li J, Miao Y, Du H, Liu D. Comparison of Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Different Varieties of Chrysanthemum Flos in China. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100206. [PMID: 34142430 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum Flos is the prestigious traditional Chinese medicinal material and the popular health drink. This article comprehensively evaluated the chemical constituents, antioxidant activity, and hepatoprotective effects of 25 common chrysanthemum varieties in China. Firstly, we analyzed the chemical compositions of water extracts of chrysanthemum using UPLC/Q-TOF-MS, and identified 29 chemical components. The results displayed that chrysanthemum was rich in chemical constituents, but there were significant differences in the contents of four phenolic acids and five flavonoids among different varieties, and the coefficient of variation (CVs) ranged from 35.96 % to 114.62 %. Then, the antioxidant activities of different chrysanthemums were investigated, respectively via 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The spectrum-effect relationships between nine main components and antioxidant activities were investigated to identify the antioxidant constitutes in chrysanthemums. Meanwhile, H2 O2 -induced hepatocyte injury testing showed wide variation in cultivar antioxidant capacity, with Tongchengju (TCJ) producing the best effect (90.32 %), followed by Chuju (CJ; 85.78 %). In addition, the hepatoprotective effects of 8 mainstream varieties were determined by the model of acute alcoholic liver injury. They protected liver from injury by affecting relevant liver function and antioxidant indexes. Huangshangongju (HSG) could decrease aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity by 39.27 % in liver tissue; Hangju-Fubaiju (HJ-FBJ), Jinsihuangju (JSH), and Chuju (CJ) significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of liver tissue, which reduced by more than 40 %; Jinsihuangju (JSH) of used for tea could double the content of glutathione (GSH) and had the similar effect on superoxide dismutase (SOD) as the positive group, showing significant antioxidant capacity. Therefore, this study confirmed that chrysanthemums are potential resources as antioxidants, functional foods, and medicinal materials. Importantly, it may provide a scientific support for further development and utilization of chrysanthemum, and screen excellent varieties for different demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Yin Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Xianju Huang
- School of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yunyun Zhu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Jinxin Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Yuhuan Miao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Du
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Dahui Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
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Gong J, Weng Q, Sun J, Wang D, Qiu S, Li L, Chu B, Xiao G, Liu S, Zheng F. Steam explosion pretreatment alters the composition of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities in
Chrysanthemum
morifolium
Ramat
cv
. “Hangbaiju”. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product School of Biological and Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Hangzhou China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Qian Weng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product School of Biological and Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product School of Biological and Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Danli Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product School of Biological and Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Shaoping Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product School of Biological and Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Ling Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product School of Biological and Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Bingquan Chu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product School of Biological and Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Gongnian Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product School of Biological and Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Shiwang Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product School of Biological and Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Fuping Zheng
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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Hao Y, Li Y, Liu J, Wang Z, Gao B, Zhang Y, Wang J. Protective Effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Fubaiju Hot-Water Extracts Against ARPE-19 Cell Oxidative Damage by Activating PI3K/Akt-Mediated Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. Front Nutr 2021; 8:648973. [PMID: 33898501 PMCID: PMC8058381 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.648973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Fubaiju is a kind of widely consumed herb tea with multiple health benefits. The present study was aimed to evaluate the protective capacity of C. morifolium cv. Fubaiju hot-water extracts (CMs) against ARPE-19 cell oxidative damage. The results showed that pretreatment with 100 μg/mL CM could significantly reduce cell oxidative damage and apoptosis. Proapoptotic protein expression such as Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was significantly decreased after CM addition, while the expression level of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1) was significantly promoted. Meanwhile, CM treatment upregulated Akt phosphorylation, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, and the expression level of antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in a dose-dependent manner under oxidative stress. Knockdown of Nrf2 by targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) alleviated CM-mediated HO-1 transcription and almost abolished CM-mediated protection against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell damage. Correspondingly, the protective effect of CM was dramatically blocked after interference with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor LY294002, indicating that the protective effect of CM on cell oxidative damage was attributed to PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Hao
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Boyan Gao
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
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9
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Guan L, Ju B, Zhao M, Zhu H, Chen L, Wang R, Gao H, Wang Z. Influence of drying process on furostanoside and spirostanoside profiles of Paridis Rhizoma by combination of HPLC, UPLC and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analyses. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 197:113932. [PMID: 33618136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drying method is one of the important factors affecting quality of traditional Chinese medicine. To study the effect of shaded drying and hot air drying on steroidal saponins of Paridis Rhizoma (PR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to investigate the difference of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis (PPC) samples treated by different methods, and then, a rapid and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was established to quantitatively analyze the content change of ten steroidal saponins. Hot air drying at 50 ℃ could obviously improve the content of polyphyllin Ⅶ, 17-hydroxygracillin and polyphyllin H, which were major steroidal saponins in PPC. Based on that, the main component changes induced by different drying methods were further analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS), and the structural identification of varied components revealed that hot air drying could promote the transformation of proto-pennogenyl glycosides to pennogenyl glycosides. This phenomenon was also found in other plants of genus Paris rich in diosgenyl glycosides. The present study provided a useful method for improving quality of PR and valuable information for TCM containing steroidal saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Boya Ju
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Houda Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Liangmian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Huimin Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Zhimin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Liu J, Gao Y, Gong F, Hou F, Zhang Z, Cheng X, Du W, Zhang L, Wang J, Xu J, Xing G, Kang X, Li S. The Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveal Stress Responses in Sulfur-Fumigated Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:778956. [PMID: 34868181 PMCID: PMC8636124 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.778956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) fumigation is a commonly used sterilization method in horticultural facilities against fungal diseases. S fumigation damaged cucumber leaves, although the response mechanism is unclear. This study analyzes the growth, transcriptome, and metabolomic profiles of young and mature leaves, ovaries, and commercial cucumber fruits to decipher the mechanism of cucumber stress response under S fumigation. S fumigation significantly changed the photosynthetic efficiency and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaves, but not fruit development, fruit mass, and peel color. Transcriptome analysis indicated that S fumigation strongly regulated stress defense genes. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that S fumigation regulated ASPG1, AMC1 defense genes, LECRK3, and PERK1 protein kinase. The abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated model of regulation under S fumigation was constructed. Metabolome analysis showed that S fumigation significantly upregulated or downregulated the contents of amino acids, organic acids, sugars, glycosides, and lipids (VIP > 1 and P-value < 0.05). The opposite Pearson's correlations of these differential metabolites implied that cucumber had different metabolic patterns in short-term and long-term S fumigation. Besides, the elevated levels of proline and triglyceride indicated that stress-responsive mechanisms existed in S-fumigated cucumber. Moreover, the comprehensive analysis indicated that S fumigation elevated secondary S-containing metabolites but decreased sulfate absorption and transportation in cucumber. Overall, our results provided a comprehensive assessment of S fumigation on cucumber, which laid the theoretical foundation for S fumigation in protected cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
| | - Feifei Gong
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
| | - Feifan Hou
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiaojing Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wei Du
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jinyao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
| | - Guoming Xing
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiuping Kang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuping Kang,
| | - Sen Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
- Sen Li,
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11
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Yuan H, Jiang S, Liu Y, Daniyal M, Jian Y, Peng C, Shen J, Liu S, Wang W. The flower head of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. (Juhua): A paradigm of flowers serving as Chinese dietary herbal medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113043. [PMID: 32593689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dietary herbal medicines are widely used for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases due to their pharmacological activities in China. Juhua (the flower head of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.), the most representative flower-derived one, which is mainly used for the treatment of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, shows significant activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer, and, neuroprotective, as well as effects on the cardiovascular system. AIMS OF THIS REVIEW This review aims to provide an overview of the crucial roles of flowers in Chinese dietary herbal medicine, and the pharmaceutical research progress of Juhua (the paradigm of dietary herbal medicine derived from the flower) including its applications in Traditional Chinese medicine and diet, cultivars, phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology, and toxicity, along with chrysanthemum breeding and biotechnology. METHOD The information associated with Chinese dietary herbal medicine, flower-derived medicine, dietary flower, and pharmaceutical research of Juhua, was collected from government reports, classic books of Traditional Chinese medicine, the thesis of doctors of philosophy and maters, and database including Pubmed, Scifinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Internet; and others. RESULT All flower-originated crude medicines recorded in Chinese pharmacopeia and their applications were summarized for the first time in this paper. The edible history and development of flowers in China, the theory of Chinese dietary herbal medicines, as well as flowers serving as dietary herbal medicines, were discussed. Moreover, applications in Traditional Chinese medicine and diet, cultivars, phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology, and safety evaluation of Juhua, together with chrysanthemum breeding and biotechnology, were summarized in this paper. CONCLUSION The theory of dietary herbal medicines, which are an important part of the Traditional Chinese medicine system, has a history of thousands of years. Many herbal flowers, serving as dietary herbal medicines, contribute significantly to the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases for Chinese people. To better benefit human health, more effective supervision practice for dietary herbal medicines is needed. Although various investigations on Juhua have been done, there is a lack of analytical methods for discrimination of cultivar flowers and identification of authenticity. Research on the major compounds with bioactivities, especially those related to its clinical application or healthcare function, as well as their possible mechanize, need be strengthened. More safety evaluation of Juhua should be carried out. The research limitations Juhua is facing exist in all dietary herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Yuan
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Sai Jiang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Yingkai Liu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Yuqing Jian
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Caiyun Peng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Hunan Kangdejia Forestry Technology Co., Ltd., Yongzhou, 425600, China
| | - Shifeng Liu
- Hunan Kangdejia Forestry Technology Co., Ltd., Yongzhou, 425600, China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
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Han D, Luo T, Zhang L, Wu J, Wu H, Wu Z, Li J, Wang J, Pan X. Optimized precooling combined with SO 2-released paper treatment improves the storability of longan ( Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruits stored at room temperature. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2827-2838. [PMID: 32566200 PMCID: PMC7300044 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Precooling and sulfur dioxide fumigation were proved as effective methods for the preservation of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruits. However, inadequate precooling and sulfur dioxide fumigation resulted in unexpected losses and short shelf life. A L9(34) orthogonal test was conducted to screen out ideal dosage of sodium metabisulfite (factor A), precooling method (factor B), and precooling duration (factor C) to improve the storability of longan fruit stored for 48 hr at room temperature (RT) (25℃). The overall qualities of all of the treated longan fruits after a 48-hr storage (OQST) and during the 5-day shelf at 25℃ (OQSF) were better than those of the control fruits. The treated fruits showed brighter fresh color (higher L*, b*, C*, and h° values but lower a* value), higher flavonoid, and chlorophyll contents. Moreover, the SO2 residue was concentrated in pericarp but little in aril for any of the 12 treatments. The multivariate variance analysis showed that factor A was dominant to determine both of the OQST and OQSF, while factor B affected the OQST, and factor C affected the OQSF. In total, "0.22% sodium metabisulfite + 4 hr precooling + uncovered precooling" was considered to be an ideal treatment. These results would contribute to improving longan postharvest preservation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Han
- Institute of Fruit Tree ResearchGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource UtilizationMinistry of Agriculture/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree ResearchGuangzhouChina
| | - Tao Luo
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of PostharvestScience of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South ChinaMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of PostharvestScience of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South ChinaMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of PostharvestScience of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South ChinaMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Huitao Wu
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of PostharvestScience of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South ChinaMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhenxian Wu
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of PostharvestScience of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South ChinaMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianguang Li
- Institute of Fruit Tree ResearchGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource UtilizationMinistry of Agriculture/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree ResearchGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Fruit Tree ResearchGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource UtilizationMinistry of Agriculture/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree ResearchGuangzhouChina
| | - Xuewen Pan
- Institute of Fruit Tree ResearchGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource UtilizationMinistry of Agriculture/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree ResearchGuangzhouChina
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Chang X, Wei D, Su S, Guo S, Qian S, Yan H, Zhao M, Shang E, Qian D, Sun X, Duan JA. An integrated strategy for rapid discovery and prediction of nucleobases, nucleosides and amino acids as quality markers in different flowering stages of Flos Chrysanthemi using UPLC–MS/MS and FT-NIR coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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14
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Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Hang-ju leaves: an abundant source of preservatives for food industry. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Chen M, Wang K, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Ma Y, Sun H, Jin Z, Zheng H, Jiang H, Yu P, Zhang Y, Sun H. New insights into the biological activities of Chrysanthemum morifolium: Natural flavonoids alleviate diabetes by targeting α-glucosidase and the PTP-1B signaling pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:108-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Comparison of Phenolic Compounds and the Antioxidant Activities of Fifteen Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. 'Hangbaiju' in China. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080325. [PMID: 31434279 PMCID: PMC6720787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the phenolic compounds of 15 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. ‘Hangbaiju’, including 6 ‘Duoju’ and 9 ‘Taiju’, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant activities of these ‘Hangbaiju’ were estimated by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Results show that a total of 14 phenolic compounds were detected in these flowers, including 3 mono-caffeoylquinic acids, 3 di-caffeoylquinic acids, 1 phenolic acid and 7 flavonoids. ‘Duoju’ and ‘Taiju’ possess different concentrations of phenolic compounds, and ‘Taiju’ exhibits higher caffeoylquinic acids and stronger antioxidant activities than ‘Duoju’. Caffeoylquinic acids show a strong correlation with the antioxidant activities of the samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals an obvious separation between ‘Duoju’ and ‘Taiju’, using phenolic compounds as variables. Apigenin-7-O-glucoside, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, luteolin and acacetin were found to be the key phenolic compounds to differentiate ‘Duoju’ from ‘Taiju’.
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Li Y, Hao Y, Gao B, Geng P, Huang H, Yu L, Choe U, Liu J, Sun J, Chen P, Wang TT, Yu L(L. Chemical profile and in vitro gut microbiota modulatory, anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging properties of chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Fubaiju. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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18
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Yuan M, Yan Z, Liu Y, Chen D, Yang Z, He L, Zhang Z. Chemical profiles, antioxidant activity and acute toxicity of raw and sulfur-fumigated Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 234:76-84. [PMID: 30699362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma (SGR), known as Tu-fu-ling in the China, Japan and Korea, is an herb that has been used for clearing damp and detoxification in traditional Chinese medicine for many years. The post-harvest drying of SGR has traditionally been done by the sun, but sometimes sulfur fumigation is used instead due to its low cost and high efficiency. Recent reports show that sulfur fumigation can change the chemical constitution of herbal medicines and decrease their biology activity. AIM OF THE STUDY This study will investigate the changes to the chemical constitution, acute toxicity and antioxidant potential of SGR that occur after sulfur fumigation. To date, no studies have investigated these aspects simultaneously. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ultra-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint method was developed for analysing changes to SGR's chemical constitution caused by sulfur fumigation. The chromatography conditions were as follows: all samples were analysed on a Waters Acquity UHPLC HT3 C18 column; the linear gradient elution was conducted with a mobile phase prepared from acetonitrile and water. All calibration curves showed good linear regression (R > 0.9991) within the tested range. The method was validated for precision, accuracy, limit of detection and quantification. Total flavonoids of the raw and sulfur-fumigated samples were also determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were evaluated using both DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The acute toxicities of the raw and sulfur-fumigated samples were investigated. RESULTS The results demonstrate that the amounts of astilbin, neoastilbin, neoisoastilbin, isoastilbin, resveratrol and total flavonoids were lower in sulfur-fumigated samples than in raw samples. The antioxidant activity of the sulfur-fumigated samples was also significantly lower. Therefore, sulfur fumigation may cause chemical transformation, alter the chemical constitution, and decrease the bioactivity of SGR. Orally-administered doses did not cause mortality or changes in the general behaviour of tested mice. The LD50 was > 5000 mg/kg DW. However, the high-dose S-SGR mice had significant liver damage and high levels of plasma biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, DBIL, TBIL). CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggest that sulfur fumigation can decrease antioxidant activity in vitro; and that orally-administrated S-SGR is unsafe at doses > 3000 mg/kg dried materia medica. Therefore, sulfur-fumigation processing should be forbidden for SGR until its efficacy and safety has been demonstrated. An alternative method of sulfur fumigation for the post-harvest processing of SGR should also be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhua Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhigang Yan
- National Engineering Institute for the Research and Development of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dingqiao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lili He
- National Engineering Institute for the Research and Development of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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Chemical compositions of chrysanthemum teas and their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Food Chem 2019; 286:8-16. [PMID: 30827670 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Seventeen commercial chrysanthemum teas (Chrysanthemum morifolium and Coreopsis tinctoria) were extracted with hot-H2O, and examined and compared to the 75% methanol extracts for their chemical compositions using UPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis. For the first time, 6, 8-C,C-diglucosylapigenin and eriodicyol-7-O-glucoside were detected in the Snow chrysanthemum, and acetylmarein was detected in HangJu, GongJu and HuaiJu. The extracts were also examined for their radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. The hot-H2O extract of Kunlunmiju 1 had the greatest total phenolic content, and relative DPPH and oxygen radical absorbance capacity values of 12.72 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, 105.48 and 1222.50 μmol Trolox equivalents/g, respectively. In addition, all the hot-H2O extracts suppressed the lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6, IL-1β and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expressions, and H2O2-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species production in cultured cells. The results from this research may be used to promote the consumption of chrysanthemum as a functional tea.
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Song C, Liu Y, Song A, Dong G, Zhao H, Sun W, Ramakrishnan S, Wang Y, Wang S, Li T, Niu Y, Jiang J, Dong B, Xia Y, Chen S, Hu Z, Chen F, Chen S. The Chrysanthemum nankingense Genome Provides Insights into the Evolution and Diversification of Chrysanthemum Flowers and Medicinal Traits. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:1482-1491. [PMID: 30342096 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Asteraceae (Compositae), a large plant family of approximately 24 000-35 000 species, accounts for ∼10% of all angiosperm species and contributes a lot to plant diversity. The most representative members of the Asteraceae are the economically important chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum L.) that diversified through reticulate evolution. Biodiversity is typically created by multiple evolutionary mechanisms such as whole-genome duplication (WGD) or polyploidization and locally repetitive genome expansion. However, the lack of genomic data from chrysanthemum species has prevented an in-depth analysis of the evolutionary mechanisms involved in their diversification. Here, we used Oxford Nanopore long-read technology to sequence the diploid Chrysanthemum nankingense genome, which represents one of the progenitor genomes of domesticated chrysanthemums. Our analysis revealed that the evolution of the C. nankingense genome was driven by bursts of repetitive element expansion and WGD events including a recent WGD that distinguishes chrysanthemum from sunflower, which diverged from chrysanthemum approximately 38.8 million years ago. Variations of ornamental and medicinal traits in chrysanthemums are linked to the expansion of candidate gene families by duplication events including paralogous gene duplication. Collectively, our study of the assembled reference genome offers new knowledge and resources to dissect the history and pattern of evolution and diversification of chrysanthemum plants, and also to accelerate their breeding and improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Song
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Aiping Song
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | | | - Hongbo Zhao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Wuhan Benagen Tech Solutions Company Limited, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuaibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Tingzhao Li
- Amway (China) Botanical R&D Center, Wuxi 214115, China
| | - Yan Niu
- Wuhan Benagen Tech Solutions Company Limited, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ye Xia
- Wuhan Benagen Tech Solutions Company Limited, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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21
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Ji S, Liu ZZ, Wu J, Du Y, Su ZY, Wang TY, Han J, Yang DZ, Guo MZ, Tang DQ. Chemical Profiling and Comparison of Sangju Ganmao Tablet and Its Component Herbs Using Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography to Explore Compatibility Mechanism of Herbs. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1167. [PMID: 30386241 PMCID: PMC6198175 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sangju Ganmao tablet (SGT), a well-known Chinese patent medicine used to treat cold symptoms, is made from eight herbal medicines. In this study, an off-line hydrophilic interaction × reversed-phase two-dimensional liquid chromatography (HILIC × RP 2D-LC) method was developed to comprehensively separate the chemical constituents of SGT. Through optimization of the experimental conditions, a total of 465 peaks were finally detected in SGT, and the structures of 54 selected compounds were fully identified or tentatively characterized by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (qTOF-MS) analysis. The established 2D-LC analysis showed high orthogonality (63.62%) and approximate 11-fold improvement in peak capacity (2399 and 1099, obtained by two calculation methods), in contrast to conventional one-dimensional RPLC separation. The eight component herbs of SGT were also respectively separated by using the 2D-LC system, and we found that a total of 12 peaks detected in SGT were not discovered in any component herbs. These newly generated chemical constituents would benefit better understanding of the compatibility mechanism of the component herbs. The strategy established in this study could be used for systematic chemical comparison of SGT and its component herbs, which contributes to exploration of herbal compatibility mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Zhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Infectious Disease Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jie Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Zhe Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dao-Quan Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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22
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Zhao JW, Zheng CY, Wei H, Wang DW, Zhu W. Proapoptic and immunotoxic effects of sulfur-fumigated polysaccharides from Smilax glabra Roxb. in RAW264.7 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 292:84-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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23
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Extrinsic harmful residues in Chinese herbal medicines: types, detection, and safety evaluation. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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24
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He L, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Chen D, Yuan M, Dong G, Luo P, Yan Z. Rapid discrimination of raw and sulfur-fumigated Smilax glabra based on chemical profiles by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. Food Res Int 2018; 108:226-236. [PMID: 29735052 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Smilax glabra (SG) is commonly used as a traditional edible herb in eastern Asia. Recently, sulfur-fumigation has been frequently used in order to obtain better color and a longer storage lifetime. However, the chemical alterations caused by this process remain unknown. The aim of this research was to explore potential chemical differences between non-fumigated and sulfur-fumigated SG samples. A novel approach was developed by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) with principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial squared discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Fifty-eight compounds were unambiguously characterized or tentatively identified in the chemical profiles for the first time. Six newly generated sulfur-containing compounds, namely glucosyringic acid sulfate, 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid sulfite, 3-O-caffeoylshikimic acid sulfite, 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid sulfate, 3-O-caffeoylshikimic acid sulfate and astilbin sulfate, were screened out to be the most characteristic markers for distinguishing non-fumigated and sulfur-fumigated SG. This newly proposed approach can not only be applied for exploring chemical markers but can also be used to investigate the chemical transformation mechanism associated with sulfur for other edible herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili He
- National Engineering Institute for the Research and Development of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dingqiao Chen
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Muhua Yuan
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gengting Dong
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Zhigang Yan
- National Engineering Institute for the Research and Development of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.
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25
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Wu CY, Kong M, Zhang W, Long F, Zhou J, Zhou SS, Xu JD, Xu J, Li SL. Impact of sulphur fumigation on the chemistry of ginger. Food Chem 2018; 239:953-963. [PMID: 28873658 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiberis Rhizoma), a commonly-consumed food supplement, is often sulphur-fumigated during post-harvest handling, but it remains unknown if sulphur fumigation induces chemical transformations in ginger. In this study, the effects of sulphur fumigation on ginger chemicals were investigated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)-based metabolomics. The results showed that sulphur fumigation significantly altered the holistic chemical profile of ginger by triggering chemical transformations of certain original components. 6-Gingesulphonic acid, previously reported as a naturally-occurring component in ginger, was revealed to be a sulphur fumigation-induced artificial derivative, which was deduced to be generated by electrophilic addition of 6-shogaol to sulphurous acid. Using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS extracting ion analysis with 6-gingesulphonic acid as a characteristic chemical marker, all the commercial ginger samples inspected were determined to be sulphur-fumigated. The research outcomes provide a chemical basis for further comprehensive safety and efficacy evaluations of sulphur-fumigated ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Liu YH, Mou X, Zhou DY, Zhou DY, Shou CM. Extraction of flavonoids from Chrysanthemum morifolium and antitumor activity in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1203-1210. [PMID: 29399116 PMCID: PMC5774524 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to optimize flavonoid extraction from Chrysanthemum morifolium and to study the antitumor effects of flavonoids on human gastric cancer MKN45 cells in vitro. A single factor experiment was designed and the extraction process was optimized using an orthogonal test. MKN45 cells were treated with different concentrations of flavonoid from Chrysanthemum morifolium for 24 and 48 h and the inhibitory effect on the MKN45 cells was evaluated using an MTT assay. Following staining with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide, flow cytometry was performed. The optimized flavonoid extraction conditions were as follows: Duration of ultrasonic treatment: 35 min; ethanol concentration: 75%; extraction temperature: 80°Cand liquid-to-solid ratio 25: 1. Under the above conditions, the extraction rate of flavonoids was 5.24%. When compared with a blank control group, flavonoids extracted from Chrysanthemum morifolium inhibited the proliferation of MKN45 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, in cell groups treated with low, moderate and high concentrations of flavonoid, it was observed that the proportion of apoptotic cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. The extraction process optimized by the orthogonal test achieved a high yield and satisfactory extraction efficiency. Additionally, the experiment demonstrated that flavonoids from Chrysanthemum morifolium inhibited the growth of MKN45 cells and induced their apoptosis. Thus, flavonoids from Chrysanthemum morifolium exerted antitumor effects on MKN45 cells, which may be exploited as a potential antitumor therapeutic for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xin Mou
- Department of Endocrinology, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Di-Yi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Yang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Min Shou
- Department of Endocrinology, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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27
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Kang C, Lai CJS, Zhao D, Zhou T, Liu DH, Lv C, Wang S, Kang L, Yang J, Zhan ZL, Huang LQ, Guo L. A practical protocol for comprehensive evaluation of sulfur-fumigation of Gastrodia Rhizoma using metabolome and health risk assessment analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 340:221-230. [PMID: 28715745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodia Rhizoma is one of the most heavily sulfur-fumigated edible and medical herbs in the marketplace. We developed a practical protocol using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight-MSE (UPLC/QTOF-MSE)-based metabolome and health risk assessment model to identify characteristic sulfur-fumigated markers, dissect chemical transformation mechanisms, and control the quality of sulfur-fumigated Gastrodia Rhizoma. Two sulfur-containing p-hydroxybenzyl products, one sulfur-containing disaccharide, one glycolipid, and two phospholipids were selected and identified as markers based on multivariate statistical analysis. In particular, the sulfur-containing markers p-hydroxybenzyl hydrogen sulfite and trace p-mercaptobenzyl hydrogen sulfate were positively correlated with the active major phenolics. Moreover, a practical index the time of the minimum content was useful for evaluating the extent of the sulfur-fumigation under different weight ratios of the sulfur to herbal materials (1:20, 1:40, and 1:80). Ultimately, the 1:40 ratio within 1h of sulfur-fumigation was considered as safe and efficient for herb quality preservation under the maximum residue limit of 750mg/kg. This study shows that the practical protocol-based discriminated markers and practical limits can be applied to quality assurance of sulfur-fumigation and non-fumigation Gastrodia Rhizoma and other edible or medical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhi Kang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Da-Hui Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, PR China
| | - Chaogeng Lv
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Liping Kang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Zhi-Lai Zhan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
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28
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Sun X, Cui XB, Wen HM, Shan CX, Wang XZ, Kang A, Chai C, Li W. Influence of sulfur fumigation on the chemical profiles of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. evaluated by UFLC–QTOF–MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 141:19-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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29
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Luo D, Chen J, Gao L, Liu Y, Wu J. Geographical origin identification and quality control of Chinese chrysanthemum flower teas using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and olfactometry and electronic nose combined with principal component analysis. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Luo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100083 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Economic and Management; Tongji University; Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Lin Gao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100083 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Jihong Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100083 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing; Beijing 100083 China
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30
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Ma XQ, Li SM, Chan CL, Su T, Li WD, Cao H, Fong WF, Yu ZL. Influence of sulfur fumigation on glycoside profile in Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng). Chin Med 2016; 11:32. [PMID: 27385975 PMCID: PMC4934009 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over recent decades, sulfur fumigation is becoming abused in processing some freshly harvested herbs used as both medicine and food, although it has been questioned whether sulfur fumigation will change the efficacy and safety of the herbs. One of the herbs commonly processed by sulfur fumigation is Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng in Chinese). Glycosides are the main bioactive components of Jiegeng. Up to the present, no study has been carried out to evaluate the impact of sulfur fumigation on glycoside profile of Jiegeng. METHODS A rapid and versatile ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra-high resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC UHD Q-TOF MS/MS) method was developed for comprehensive analysis of the glycoside profiles of sulfur-fumigated and air-dried Jiegeng samples. RESULTS Twenty-three glycosides were detected in air-dried and sulfur-fumigated Jiegeng samples. After sulfur fumigation, the peak heights of eight glycosides, namely platycogenin A, platycodin D, platycodin D2, platycodin D3, polygalacin D, polygalacin D2, deapio-platycodin D and 3″-O-acetylplatycodin D2, remarkably decreased; while peak heights of five glycosides, namely syringin, lobetyolin, platycoside E, deapio-platycodin D2 and deapio-platycoside E, slightly increased; in addition, peaks of ten glycosides, platycodin A, platycodin C, platycodin V, platycoside C, 16-oxoplatycodin D, 2″-O-acetylpolygalacin D, 2″-O-acetylpolygalacin D2, 3″-O-acetylpolygalacin D, 3″-O-acetylpolygalacin D2, and platycogenic acid B, disappeared. CONCLUSION Sulfur fumigation caused significant changes of glycoside components of Jiegeng. Further investigations are warranted to explore how these chemical changes occurred and whether these changes would affect the efficacy and safety of Jiegeng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Ma
- />School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong China
| | - Su-Mei Li
- />School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong China
| | - Chi Leung Chan
- />School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong China
| | - Tao Su
- />School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- />School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong China
| | - Hui Cao
- />National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai, Guangdong China
| | - Wang-Fun Fong
- />School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- />School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong China
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31
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Chen L, Kotani A, Kusu F, Wang Z, Zhu J, Hakamata H. Quantitative comparison of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids in Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and their sulfur-fumigated products by three-channel liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2015; 63:25-32. [PMID: 25743191 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c14-00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For the determination of seven caffeoylquinic acids [neochlorogenic acid (NcA), cryptochlorogenic acid (CcA), chlorogenic acid (CA), caffeic acid (CfA), isochlorogenic acid A (Ic A), isochlorogenic acid B (Ic B), isochlorogenic acid C (Ic C)] and two flavonoids [luteolin 7-O-glucoside (LtG) and luteolin (Lt)], a three-channel liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LC-3ECD) method was established. Chromatographic peak heights were proportional to each concentration, ranging from 2.5 to 100 ng/mL for NcA, CA, CcA, and CfA, and ranging from 2.5 to 250 ng/mL for LtG, Ic B, Ic A, Ic C, and Lt, respectively. The present LC-3ECD method was applied to the quantitative analysis of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids in four cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and their sulfur-fumigated products. It was found that 60% of LtG and more than 47% of caffeoylquinic acids were lost during the sulfur fumigation processing. Sulfur fumigation showed a destructive effect on the C. morifolium flowers. In addition, principle component analyses (PCA) were performed using the results of the quantitative analysis of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids to compare the "sameness" and "differences" of these analytes in C. morifolium flowers and the sulfur-fumigated products. PCA score plots showed that the four cultivars of C. morifolium flowers were clearly classified into four groups, and that significant differences were also found between the non-fumigated C. morifolium flowers and the sulfur-fumigated products. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the present LC-3ECD method coupled with PCA is applicable to the variation analysis of different C. morifolium flower samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangmian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Japan; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, 16 Dongzhimennei Nanxiaojie, Beijing, China
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32
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Chen LX, Hu DJ, Lam SC, Ge L, Wu D, Zhao J, Long ZR, Yang WJ, Fan B, Li SP. Comparison of antioxidant activities of different parts from snow chrysanthemum (Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.) and identification of their natural antioxidants using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and mass spectrometry and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt-based assay. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1428:134-42. [PMID: 26521095 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Snow chrysanthemum (Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.), a world-widely well-known flower tea material, has attracted more and more attention because of its beneficial health effects such as antioxidant activity and special flavor. In this study, a high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt (ABTS) based assay was employed for comparison and identification of antioxidants in different samples of snow chrysanthemum. The results showed that snow chrysanthemum flowers possessed the highest while stems presented the lowest antioxidant capacities. Fourteen detected peaks with antioxidant activity were temporarily identified as 3,4',5,6,7-pentahydroxyflavanone-O-hexoside, chlorogenic acid, 2R-3',4',8-trihydroxyflavanone-7-O-glucoside, flavanomarein, flavanocorepsin, flavanokanin, quercetagitin-7-O-glucoside, 3',5,5',7-tetrahydroxyflavanone-O-hexoside, marein, maritimein, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, coreopsin, okanin and acetyl-marein by comparing their UV spectra, retention times and MS data with standards or literature data. Antioxidants existed in snow chrysanthemum are quite different from those reported in Chrysanthemum morifolium, a well-known traditional beverage in China, which indicated that snow chrysanthemum may be a promising herbal tea material with obvious antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - D J Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - S C Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - L Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - D Wu
- China Science and Technology Exchange Center, Beijing 100045, China
| | - J Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
| | - Z R Long
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - W J Yang
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - B Fan
- Urumqi Jiangqi Agriculture Development Co. Ltd., Urumqi 830011, China
| | - S P Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
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33
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Guo AL, Chen LM, Wang YM, Liu XQ, Zhang QW, Gao HM, Wang ZM, Xiao W, Wang ZZ. Influence of sulfur fumigation on the chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of buds of Lonicera japonica. Molecules 2014; 19:16640-55. [PMID: 25342552 PMCID: PMC6271180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lonicera japonica flos is widely used as a pharmaceutical resource and a commonly-employed ingredient in healthy food, soft beverages and cosmetics in China. Sometimes, sulfur fumigation is used during post-harvest handling. In this study, a comprehensive comparison of the chemical profile between sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated samples was conducted by HPLC fingerprints and simultaneous quantification of nine constituents, including secologanic acid, along with another eight usually-analyzed markers. Secologanic acid was destroyed, and its sulfonates were generated, whereas caffeoylquinic acids were protected from being oxidized. The residual sulfur dioxide in sulfur-fumigated samples was significantly higher than that in sun-dried samples, which might increase the potential incidence of toxicity to humans. Meanwhile, compared with sun-dried samples, sulfur-fumigated samples have significantly stronger antioxidant activity, which could be attributed to the joint effect of protected phenolic acids and flavonoids, as well as newly-generated iridoid sulfonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Li Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Liang-Mian Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yan-Min Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Xiao-Qian Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Qi-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Hui-Min Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China.
| | - Zhen-Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China.
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