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Cheukamud W, Chansap S, Rattanasroi K, Changklungmoa N, Kueakhai P. Construction and mouse antibody response evaluation of juvenile stage-specific chimeric protein from Fasciola gigantica. Vet Parasitol 2024; 331:110254. [PMID: 39047536 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Fasciolosis, caused by the liver fluke Fasciola gigantica, is a major parasitic disease that affects livestock and therefore causes significant economic losses in tropical countries. Although anthelminthic drugs can kill the parasite, drug-resistant liver fluke populations are increasing. In this study, a recombinant F. gigantica chimeric protein (rFgCHI) consisting of cathepsin L1H (FgCL1H), cathepsin B3 (FgCB3), and Saposin-like protein 1 (FgSAP1) was designed and expressed in Escherichia coli (BL21). The molecular weight of rFgCHI was 61 kDa. To study the antibody response, male BALB/c mice were immunized via the subcutaneous injection of rFgCHI combined with Quil A. Immunization with rFgCHI showed the induction of IgG1 and IgG2a with a higher IgG1 isotype level, indicating the potential of mixed Th1/Th2 immune responses, with Th2 predominating. However, the results showed high levels of IgG against the single proteins, except for rFgSAP1. Through Western blotting, mouse anti-rFgCHI polyclonal antibodies could be detected to the native proteins obtained from the parasite at all stages. Immunolocalization also revealed that the anti-rFgCHI antibodies could detect targeted antigens in the cecal epithelium of the parasite. These results demonstrated that rFgCHI is immunogenic to the mouse immune system and may potentially be a protein candidate for the development of a fasciolosis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werachon Cheukamud
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and Research unit of vaccine and diagnosis of parasitic diseases, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-district, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Supanan Chansap
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and Research unit of vaccine and diagnosis of parasitic diseases, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-district, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Komsil Rattanasroi
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and Research unit of vaccine and diagnosis of parasitic diseases, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-district, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Narin Changklungmoa
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and Research unit of vaccine and diagnosis of parasitic diseases, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-district, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Pornanan Kueakhai
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and Research unit of vaccine and diagnosis of parasitic diseases, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-district, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.
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Sprague DJ, Park SK, Gramberg S, Bauer L, Rohr CM, Chulkov EG, Smith E, Scampavia L, Spicer TP, Haeberlein S, Marchant JS. Target-based discovery of a broad-spectrum flukicide. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:1386-1393. [PMID: 38714890 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Diseases caused by parasitic flatworms impart a considerable healthcare burden worldwide. Many of these diseases-for example, the parasitic blood fluke infection schistosomiasis-are treated with the drug praziquantel (PZQ). However, PZQ is ineffective against disease caused by liver flukes from the genus Fasciola because of a single amino acid change within the target of PZQ, a transient receptor potential ion channel in the melastatin family (TRPMPZQ), in Fasciola species. Here, we identify benzamidoquinazolinone analogs that are active against Fasciola TRPMPZQ. Structure-activity studies define an optimized ligand (BZQ) that caused protracted paralysis and tegumental damage to these liver flukes. BZQ also retained activity against Schistosoma mansoni comparable to PZQ and was active against TRPMPZQ orthologs in all profiled species of parasitic fluke. This broad-spectrum activity manifests as BZQ adopts a pose within the binding pocket of TRPMPZQ that is dependent on a ubiquitously conserved residue. BZQ therefore acts as a universal activator of trematode TRPMPZQ and a first-in-class, broad-spectrum flukicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Sprague
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sang-Kyu Park
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Svenja Gramberg
- BFS, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lisa Bauer
- BFS, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Claudia M Rohr
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Evgeny G Chulkov
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Emery Smith
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Louis Scampavia
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Timothy P Spicer
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Simone Haeberlein
- BFS, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Rufino-Moya PJ, Zafra Leva R, Martínez-Moreno Á, Buffoni L, Valderas García E, Pérez Arévalo J, Molina-Hernández V, Ruiz-Campillo MT, Herrera-Torres G, Martínez-Moreno FJ. Advancement in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Vaccines against Fasciola hepatica: A Comprehensive Review. Pathogens 2024; 13:669. [PMID: 39204269 PMCID: PMC11357060 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review article, we aim to provide an overview of fasciolosis in ruminants. Diagnosis through new coprological methods (such as Flukefinder®, FLOTAC®, and Mini-FLOTAC®) remains the most suitable approach for farms. Regarding treatment, there is a scarcity of available drugs, and resistance to them has prompted new approaches (including drug combinations, enhanced metabolism, or the use of natural compounds) to address this issue. Additionally, several researchers have developed vaccines to control the disease, but their efficacy varies, and none are currently sufficient for commercial use. Further studies are needed to better understand all aspects discussed in this manuscript, with the goal of improving diagnosis, treatment, and disease control. It is important to note that this manuscript does not delve into in-depth knowledge of the discussed aspects; rather, it provides an overview of the different methodologies related to these three aspects of parasitic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo José Rufino-Moya
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (P.J.R.-M.); (Á.M.-M.); (L.B.P.); (E.V.G.); (F.J.M.-M.)
| | - Rafael Zafra Leva
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (P.J.R.-M.); (Á.M.-M.); (L.B.P.); (E.V.G.); (F.J.M.-M.)
- UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.P.A.); (V.M.-H.); (M.T.R.-C.); (G.H.-T.)
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Moreno
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (P.J.R.-M.); (Á.M.-M.); (L.B.P.); (E.V.G.); (F.J.M.-M.)
- UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.P.A.); (V.M.-H.); (M.T.R.-C.); (G.H.-T.)
| | - Leandro Buffoni
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (P.J.R.-M.); (Á.M.-M.); (L.B.P.); (E.V.G.); (F.J.M.-M.)
- UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.P.A.); (V.M.-H.); (M.T.R.-C.); (G.H.-T.)
| | - Elora Valderas García
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (P.J.R.-M.); (Á.M.-M.); (L.B.P.); (E.V.G.); (F.J.M.-M.)
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24004 León, Spain
| | - José Pérez Arévalo
- UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.P.A.); (V.M.-H.); (M.T.R.-C.); (G.H.-T.)
- Department of Anatomy, Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Verónica Molina-Hernández
- UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.P.A.); (V.M.-H.); (M.T.R.-C.); (G.H.-T.)
- Department of Anatomy, Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María T. Ruiz-Campillo
- UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.P.A.); (V.M.-H.); (M.T.R.-C.); (G.H.-T.)
- Department of Anatomy, Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Guillem Herrera-Torres
- UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.P.A.); (V.M.-H.); (M.T.R.-C.); (G.H.-T.)
- Department of Anatomy, Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Martínez-Moreno
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (P.J.R.-M.); (Á.M.-M.); (L.B.P.); (E.V.G.); (F.J.M.-M.)
- UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.P.A.); (V.M.-H.); (M.T.R.-C.); (G.H.-T.)
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Sukee T, Koehler AV, Webster BL, Gauci CG, Fogarty CE, Ponder WF, Gasser RB, Young ND. Mitochondrial genome of the fluke pond snail, Austropeplea cf. brazieri (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae). Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:283. [PMID: 38956636 PMCID: PMC11218368 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymnaeid snails of the genus Austropeplea are an important vector of the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica), contributing to livestock production losses in Australia and New Zealand. However, the species status within Austropeplea is ambiguous due to heavy reliance on morphological analysis and a relative lack of genetic data. This study aimed to characterise the mitochondrial genome of A. cf. brazieri, an intermediate host of liver fluke in eastern Victoria. METHODS The mitochondrial genome was assembled and annotated from a combination of second- and third-generation sequencing data. For comparative purposes, we performed phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial protein-coding genes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 16S genes. RESULTS The assembled mt genome was 13,757 base pairs and comprised 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. The mt genome length, gene order and nucleotide compositions were similar to related species of lymnaeids. Phylogenetic analyses of the mt nucleotide sequences placed A. cf. brazieri within the same clade as Orientogalba ollula with strong statistical supports. Phylogenies of the cox1 and 16S mt sequences were constructed due to the wide availability of these sequences representing the lymnaeid taxa. As expected in both these phylogenies, A. cf. brazieri clustered with other Austropeplea sequences, but the nodal supports were low. CONCLUSIONS The representative mt genome of A. cf. brazieri should provide a useful resource for future molecular, epidemiology and parasitological studies of this socio-economically important lymnaeid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanapan Sukee
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anson V Koehler
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Charles G Gauci
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Conor E Fogarty
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Robin B Gasser
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neil D Young
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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5
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Reed EK, Smith KA. Using our understanding of interactions between helminth metabolism and host immunity to target worm survival. Trends Parasitol 2024; 40:549-561. [PMID: 38853079 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Helminths can adapt to environmental conditions in the host, utilising anaerobic processes like fermentation and malate dismutation to produce energy from carbohydrate. Although targeting carbohydrate metabolism is an established therapeutic strategy to combat helminth infection, questions remain over the metabolic pathways they employ as adults to survive and evade host immunity. Helminths also use amino acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and cholesterol metabolism, a possible strategy favouring the production of immunomodulatory compounds that may influence survival in the host. Here, we discuss the significance of these differing metabolic pathways and whether targeting of helminth metabolic pathways may allow for the development of novel anthelmintics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella K Reed
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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6
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Opsal T, Denwood MJ, Hektoen L, Robertson LJ, Toftaker I. Estimation of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of abattoir registrations and bulk tank milk ELISA as herd-level tests for Fasciola hepatica using Bayesian latent class modelling. Prev Vet Med 2024; 228:106213. [PMID: 38744092 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The common liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, is a trematode parasite found worldwide, typically with a focal distribution due to its requirement for suitable climatic and environmental conditions to complete its lifecycle. Bovine fasciolosis causes suboptimal production and economic losses, including liver condemnation at slaughter. The lack of reliable diagnostic methods is a disadvantage to the increasing demand for surveillance and control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of bulk tank milk (BTM) antibody testing and aggregated abattoir registrations (AAR) of liver fluke as herd-level tests for F. hepatica infection using Bayesian latent class models. Data from the abattoirs in 2019-2021 and BTM, sampled in the winter of 2020/2021, were collected from 437 herds on the southwest coast of Norway. The BTM samples were analysed with the SVANOVIR® F. hepatica-Ab ELISA test, with results given as an optical density ratio (ODR), and later dichotomized using the recommended cut-off value from the test manufacturer (ODR ≥0.3). Based on the BTM ELISA test, 47.8% of the herds tested positive. The AAR test was defined as the herd-level proportion of female slaughtered animals registered with liver fluke infection during the study period. For this test, three cut-offs were used (a proportion of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2). The herds were split into two subpopulations ("Coastal" and "Inland"), which were expected to differ in true prevalence of F. hepatica infection based on climate-related and geographical factors. The diagnostic accuracies of both tests were estimated using Bayesian latent class models with minimally informative priors. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the maximum sum of sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the tests was achieved with a herd-level proportion of ≥0.1 registered with liver fluke as the AAR test. Using this cut-off, the median estimate for the diagnostic accuracy of the BTM ELISA was 90.4% (84.0-96.2 95% Posterior Credible Interval (PCI)) for Se and 95.3% (90.6-100% PCI) for Sp, while the median estimate of Se for AAR was 87.5% (81.4-93.1% PCI) and the median estimate of Sp for AAR was 91.0% (85.2-96.5% PCI). The cut-off evaluation of the SVANOVIR® F. hepatica-Ab ELISA test for BTM confirmed the manufacturer's recommended cut-off of ODR ≥0.3 to denote positive and negative herds. This study suggests that AAR and BTM ELISA test can be used as herd-level tools to monitor liver fluke infection, so that appropriate interventions against infection can be implemented as necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Opsal
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, Ås, 1433, Norway.
| | - Matthew J Denwood
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Hektoen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, Ås, 1433, Norway
| | - Lucy J Robertson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, Ås 1433, Norway
| | - Ingrid Toftaker
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, Ås, 1433, Norway
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Allahyari M, Malekifard F, Yakhchali M. Anthelmintic effects of some medicinal plants on different life stages of Fasciola hepatica: Evidence on oxidative stress biomarkers, and DNA damage. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012251. [PMID: 38885188 PMCID: PMC11182539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola hepatica is a major public health and economic problem worldwide. Due to the lack of a successful vaccine and emerging resistance to the drug triclabendazole, alternative phytotherapeutic approaches are being investigated. This study investigated the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) essential oils (EOs) against F. hepatica. The in vitro study was based on an egg hatch assay (EHA), adult motility inhibition assays, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level along with several oxidative stress biomarkers including glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). To this end, different concentrations of L. angustifolia and C. siliqua EOs (1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mg/mL) were used to assess anthelmintic effects on different life stages including egg, and adults of F. hepatica for 24 hrs. The results indicated that these EOs play a significant role as anthelminthics, and the effect was dependent on time and concentration. The in vitro treatment of F. hepatica worms with both L. angustifolia and C. siliqua EOs increased DNA damage, ROS production and induction of oxidative stress (decreased SOD, GST and GSH, and increased MDA), significantly compared to control. Therefore, it can be concluded that L. angustifolia and C. siliqua EOs have the potential to be used as novel agents for the control and treatment of F. hepatica infections. Further studies are required to investigate their pharmacological potential and effectiveness in vivo for the treatment of parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Allahyari
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Farnaz Malekifard
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yakhchali
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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8
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Antonopoulos A, Gilleard JS, Charlier J. Next-generation sequencing technologies for helminth diagnostics and surveillance in ruminants: shifting diagnostic barriers. Trends Parasitol 2024; 40:511-526. [PMID: 38760257 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Helminth infections in grazing ruminants are a major issue for livestock farming globally, but are unavoidable in outdoor grazing systems and must be effectively managed to avoid deleterious effects to animal health, and productivity. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are transforming our understanding of the genetic basis of anthelmintic resistance (AR) and epidemiological studies of ruminant gastrointestinal parasites. They also have the potential to not only help develop and validate molecular diagnostic tests but to be directly used in routine diagnostics integrating species-specific identification and AR into a single test. Here, we review how these developments have opened the pathway for the development of multi-AR and multispecies identification in a single test, with widespread implications for sustainable livestock farming for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Antonopoulos
- Kreavet, Kruibeke, Belgium; School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - John S Gilleard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Host-Parasite Interactions Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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9
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McCusker P, Clarke NG, Gardiner E, Armstrong R, McCammick EM, McVeigh P, Robb E, Wells D, Nowak-Roddy M, Albaqami A, Mousley A, Coulter JA, Harrington J, Marks NJ, Maule AG. Neoblast-like stem cells of Fasciola hepatica. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011903. [PMID: 38805551 PMCID: PMC11161113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The common liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) causes the disease fasciolosis, which results in considerable losses within the global agri-food industry. There is a shortfall in the drugs that are effective against both the adult and juvenile life stages within the mammalian host, such that new drug targets are needed. Over the last decade the stem cells of parasitic flatworms have emerged as reservoirs of putative novel targets due to their role in development and homeostasis, including at host-parasite interfaces. Here, we investigate and characterise the proliferating cells that underpin development in F. hepatica. We provide evidence that these cells are capable of self-renewal, differentiation, and are sensitive to ionising radiation- all attributes of neoblasts in other flatworms. Changes in cell proliferation were also noted during the early stages of in vitro juvenile growth/development (around four to seven days post excystment), which coincided with a marked reduction in the nuclear area of proliferating cells. Furthermore, we generated transcriptomes from worms following irradiation-based ablation of neoblasts, identifying 124 significantly downregulated transcripts, including known stem cell markers such as fgfrA and plk1. Sixty-eight of these had homologues associated with neoblast-like cells in Schistosoma mansoni. Finally, RNA interference mediated knockdown of histone h2b (a marker of proliferating cells), ablated neoblast-like cells and impaired worm development in vitro. In summary, this work demonstrates that the proliferating cells of F. hepatica are equivalent to neoblasts of other flatworm species and demonstrate that they may serve as attractive targets for novel anthelmintics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul McCusker
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan G. Clarke
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Erica Gardiner
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Armstrong
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Erin M. McCammick
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul McVeigh
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Robb
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Wells
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Madelyn Nowak-Roddy
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Abdullah Albaqami
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Mousley
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Harrington
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Duluth, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nikki J. Marks
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron G. Maule
- Understanding Health & Disease, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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10
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Ravvaz A, Malekifard F, Esmaeilnejad B. In vitro assessment of the anthelmintic activity of copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on egg and adult stages of Fasciola hepatica: evidence on oxidative stress biomarkers, and DNA damage. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:137. [PMID: 38575964 PMCID: PMC10993569 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fasciolosis is of significant economic and public health importance worldwide. The lack of a successful vaccine and emerging resistance in flukes to the drug of choice, triclabendazole, has initiated the search for alternative approaches. In recent years, metallic nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for their anthelmintic effects. This study investigates the in vitro anthelmintic activity of copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles against Fasciola hepatica. METHODS The in vitro study was based on egg hatchability test (EHA), adult motility inhibition tests, DNA damage, ROS levels, as well as several biomarkers of oxidative stress, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). For this purpose, different concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) (1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 ppm) were used to evaluate the anthelmintic effect on different life stages, including egg and adults of Fasciola hepatica, over 24 h. RESULTS In vitro treatment of F. hepatica worms with both CuO-NPs and ZnO-NPs could significantly increase ROS production and oxidative stress induction (decreased SOD, GST and GSH and increased MDA) compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, it seems that CuO-NPs and ZnO-NPs may be effective in the control and treatment of F. hepatica infection. Further research is needed to investigate their potential for in vivo use in the treatment of parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhassan Ravvaz
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O. Box 1177, Urmia, Iran
| | - Farnaz Malekifard
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O. Box 1177, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Bijan Esmaeilnejad
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O. Box 1177, Urmia, Iran
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11
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Valderas-García E, Castilla-Gómez de Agüero V, González Del Palacio L, Galli G, Escala N, Ruiz-Somacarrera M, González-Warleta M, Del Olmo E, Balaña-Fouce R, Martínez-Valladares M. New benzimidazole derivative compounds with in vitro fasciolicidal properties. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:173. [PMID: 38570858 PMCID: PMC10993450 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control of the zoonotic food-borne parasite Fasciola hepatica remains a major challenge in humans and livestock. It is estimated that annual economic losses due to fasciolosis can reach US$3.2 billion in agriculture and livestock. Moreover, the wide distribution of drug-resistant parasite populations and the absence of a vaccine threaten sustainable control, reinforcing the need for novel flukicides. METHODS The present work analyses the flukicidal activity of a total of 70 benzimidazole derivatives on different stages of F. hepatica. With the aim to select the most potent ones, and screenings were first performed on eggs at decreasing concentrations ranging from 50 to 5 µM and then on adult worms at 10 µM. Only the most effective compounds were also evaluated using a resistant isolate of the parasite. RESULTS After the first screenings at 50 and 10 µM, four hit compounds (BZD31, BZD46, BZD56, and BZD59) were selected and progressed to the next assays. At 5 µM, all hit compounds showed ovicidal activities higher than 71% on the susceptible isolate, but only BZD31 remained considerably active (53%) when they were tested on an albendazol-resistant isolate, even with values superior to the reference drug, albendazole sulfoxide. On the other hand, BZD59 displayed a high motility inhibition when tested on adult worms from an albendazole-resistant isolate after 72 h of incubation. CONCLUSIONS BZD31 and BZD59 compounds could be promising candidates for the development of fasciolicidal compounds or as starting point for the new synthesis of structure-related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elora Valderas-García
- Departamento Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Grulleros, 24346, León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Verónica Castilla-Gómez de Agüero
- Departamento Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Grulleros, 24346, León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Laura González Del Palacio
- Departamento Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Grulleros, 24346, León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Giulio Galli
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Nerea Escala
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas: Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, CIETUS, IBSAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Somacarrera
- Departamento Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Grulleros, 24346, León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Marta González-Warleta
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigacións Agrarias de Mabegondo, AGACAL-Xunta de Galicia, Abegondo, 15318, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Esther Del Olmo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas: Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, CIETUS, IBSAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Valladares
- Departamento Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Grulleros, 24346, León, Spain.
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12
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Duan J, Zhang N, Liu S, Li J, Gong P, Wang X, Li X, Zhang X, Tang B, Zhang X. The Detection of Circulating Antigen Glutathione S-Transferase in Sheep Infected with Fasciola hepatica with Double-Antibody Sandwich Signal Amplification Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:506. [PMID: 38338149 PMCID: PMC10854876 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a global zoonotic parasitic disease caused by F. hepatica infection that is particularly harmful to cattle and sheep. A biotin-streptavidin signal amplification ELISA (streptavidin-ELISA/SA-ELISA) based on circulating antigens can allow for the early detection of F. hepatica-infected animals and is suitable for batch detection. It is considered to be a better means of detecting F. hepatica infection than traditional detection methods. In this study, using the serum of sheep artificially infected with F. hepatica, the cDNA expression library of F. hepatica was screened, 17 immunodominant antigen genes of F. hepatica were obtained, and glutathione s-transferase (GST) was selected as the candidate detection antigen. Firstly, the GST cDNA sequence was amplified from F. hepatica, followed by the preparation of recombinant protein GST (rFhGST). Then, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against rFhGST were prepared using the GST protein. Afterward, the immunolocalization of the target protein in the worm was observed via confocal microscopy, and it was found that the GST protein was localized in the uterus, intestinal tract, and body surface of F. hepatica. Finally, a double-antibody sandwich SA-ELISA based on the detection of circulating antigens was established. There was no cross-reaction with positive sera infected with Dicrocoelium lanceatum (D. lanceatum), Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus), Neospora caninum (N. caninum), or Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum). Forty serum and fecal samples from the same batch of sheep in Nong'an County, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China were analyzed using the established detection method and fecal detection method. The positive rate of the SA-ELISA was 17.5%, and the positive rate of the fecal detection method was 15%. The detection results of this method were 100% consistent with commercial ELISA kits. A total of 152 sheep serum samples were tested in Nong'an County, Changchun City, Jilin Province, and the positive rate was 5.92%. This study laid the foundation for the development of serological detection preparations for F. hepatica infection based on the detection of circulating antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.D.); (N.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xichen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.D.); (N.Z.); (X.L.)
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13
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Aftab A, Raina OK, Maxton A, Masih SA. Advances in diagnostic approaches to Fasciola infection in animals and humans: An overviews. J Helminthol 2024; 98:e12. [PMID: 38269544 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Fasciolosis, caused by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, is an impediment to the livestock industry’s expansion and has a massively negative socio-economic impact due to its widespread prevalence in livestock. It is a waterborne zoonosis affecting human populations in the countries where rural economies are associated with livestock rearing. Conventional diagnosis of Fasciola infection is done by detecting parasite eggs in the faeces of infected animals or by immunological methods. Accurate and quick immunodiagnosis of Fasciola infection in animals and humans is based on the detection of antibodies and specific antigens expressed in the prepatent stage of the parasite. Both molecular and serodiagnostic tests developed thus far have enhanced the reliability of Fasciola diagnosis in both man and animals but are not widely available in resource-poor nations. A pen-side diagnostic test based on a lateral flow assay or a DNA test like loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) would be simple, fast, and cost-effective, enabling clinicians to treat animals in a targeted manner and avoid the development of drug resistance to the limited flukicides. This review focuses on the recent advances made in the diagnosis of this parasite infection in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aftab
- Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj-211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - O K Raina
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Maxton
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj-211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S A Masih
- Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj-211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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14
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Tashibu A, Inaoka DK, Sakamoto K, Murakami K, Zannatul F, Kita K, Ichikawa-Seki M. Fumarate respiration of Fasciola flukes as a potential drug target. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1302114. [PMID: 38332950 PMCID: PMC10850294 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1302114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a neglected tropical zoonotic disease caused by liver flukes belonging to the genus Fasciola. The emergence of resistance to triclabendazole, the only World Health Organization-recommended drug for this disease, highlights the need for the development of new drugs. Helminths possess an anaerobic mitochondrial respiratory chain (fumarate respiration) which is considered a potential drug target. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of fumarate respiration in Fasciola flukes. We analyzed the properties of the respiratory chain of Fasciola flukes in both adults and newly excysted juveniles (NEJs). Fasciola flukes travel and mature through the stomach, bowel, and abdominal cavity to the liver, where oxygen levels gradually decline. High fumarate reductase activity was observed in the mitochondrial fraction of adult Fasciola flukes. Furthermore, rhodoquinone-10 (RQ10 Em'= -63 mV), a low-potential electron mediator used in fumarate respiration was found to be predominant in adults. In contrast, the activity of oxygen respiration was low in adults. Rotenone, atpenin A5, and ascochlorin, typical inhibitors of mitochondrial enzymes in complexes I, II, and III, respectively, inhibit the activity of each enzyme in the adult mitochondrial fraction. These inhibitors were then used for in vitro viability tests of NEJs. Under aerobic conditions, NEJs were killed by rotenone or ascochlorin, which inhibit aerobic respiration (complex I-III), whereas atpenin A5, which inhibits complex II involved in fumarate respiration, did not affect NEJs. Moreover, ubiquinone-10 (UQ10 Em'= +110 mV), which is used in oxidative respiration, was detected in NEJs, in addition to RQ10. In contrast, under anaerobic conditions, rotenone and atpenin A5, which inhibit fumarate respiration (complex I-II), were crucial for NEJs. These findings demonstrate that NEJs have active hybrid respiration, in which they can properly use both oxygen and fumarate respiration, depending on oxygen availability. Thus, fumarate respiration is a promising drug target for Fasciola flukes, because it plays an essential role in both adults and NEJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tashibu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Daniel Ken Inaoka
- Department of Molecular Infection Dynamics, Shionogi Global Infectious Diseases Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Sakamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Ferdoush Zannatul
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
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15
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Hoang Quang V, Levecke B, Do Trung D, Devleesschauwer B, Vu Thi Lam B, Goossens K, Polman K, Callens S, Dorny P, Dermauw V. Fasciola spp. in Southeast Asia: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011904. [PMID: 38232120 PMCID: PMC10843148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasciolosis is an emerging public health threat in a number of regions worldwide. To date, we lack an overview of both its occurrence and distribution in Southeast Asia across all actors involved in the life cycle, which impedes the development of disease control measures. Therefore, our objective was to collect recent information on the distribution and the prevalence of Fasciola spp. and the associated risk factors for infection in humans, animals, snails and plant carriers in Southeast Asia. METHODOLOGY Bibliographic and grey literature databases as well as reference lists of important review articles were searched for relevant records published between January 1st, 2000, and June 30th, 2022. The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for reporting systematic reviews. A total of 3,887 records were retrieved, of which 100 were included in the final analysis. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The studies focused mainly on one host species (96.0%), with Fasciola spp. infection in animals being the most studied (72.0%), followed by humans (21.0%). Based on the used inclusion and exclusion criteria, reports were retrieved describing the presence of Fasciola spp. infection in seven out of 11 countries in Southeast Asia. Depending on the diagnostic tool applied, the prevalence of Fasciola spp. infection ranged between 0.3% and 66.7% in humans, between 0% and 97.8% in animals, and between 0% and 66.2% in snails. There were no studies reporting the presence of metacercariae on plant carriers. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our study reconfirms that Fasciola spp. infections are widespread and highly prevalent in Southeast Asia, but it remains difficult to accurately assess the true occurrence of Fasciola spp. in absence of well-designed surveys covering all hosts. As next steps we propose to assess the occurrence of the infection across all actors involved in the transmission, to identify associated risk factors and to estimate the burden of the disease to support national and international decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Hoang Quang
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Levecke
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dung Do Trung
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Binh Vu Thi Lam
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kathy Goossens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Katja Polman
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Callens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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16
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Chryssafidis AL, Arruda PM, Américo L, Machado SGR, de Lima FR, Matos J, de Moura AB. The Fasciola hepatica egg development and hatching test (EDHT) using commercial drugs: a simple protocol for tackling anthelminthic resistance and promoting cattle productivity. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:70. [PMID: 38135838 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica, and it causes great losses in bovine production. The anthelmintic resistance is a major problem in the control of fasciolosis. In this study, the F. hepatica egg development and hatching test (EDHT) was used for the evaluation of the ovicidal activity of commercial drugs, commonly used for treating infected cattle, which reflects F. hepatica anthelminthic resistance in infected bovines, according to recent literature. Bile samples from F. hepatica naturally parasitized cattle were obtained from slaughterhouses in the cities of Lages and Otacílio Costa, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The bile was washed, the eggs were recovered, quantified, and distributed in universal collectors, with a minimum of 1,000 eggs per vial. Four commercial drugs were used in this study, containing albendazole sulfoxide (ABDZ), closantel (CSTL), nitroxynil (NTXL), and triclabendazole with fenbendazole (TBZF). The drugs were diluted according to the manufacturer instructions. All drugs, and the respective control, were tested in triplicates, with the quantity of recovered eggs determining the number of drugs to be tested. The vials were incubated for 28 days at 27 °C, and the eggs were classified according to their degree of development under a stereomicroscope. In total, 121 egg samples were analyzed. Two samples were identified as resistant to TBZF. Undetermined resistance/susceptibility has been found in two isolates treated with ABDZ, one treated with NTXL and six treated with TBZF. CSTL did not present ovicidal activity and cannot be used in EDHT. This is the first time that commercial drugs were used in F. hepatica EDHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lazaros Chryssafidis
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases (LAPAR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina, CEP 88520-000, Brazil.
| | - Paula Maciel Arruda
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases (LAPAR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina, CEP 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa Américo
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases (LAPAR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina, CEP 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Sandy Gabrielly Radünz Machado
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases (LAPAR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina, CEP 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rieth de Lima
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases (LAPAR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina, CEP 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Josiane Matos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases (LAPAR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina, CEP 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Barbosa de Moura
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases (LAPAR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Bairro Conta Dinheiro, Lages, Santa Catarina, CEP 88520-000, Brazil
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17
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Attia KAM, El-Desouky EA, Abdelfatah AM, Abdelshafi NA. Simultaneous analysis of the of levamisole with triclabendazole in pharmaceuticals through developing TLC and HPLC-PDA chromatographic techniques and their greenness assessment using GAPI and AGREE methods. BMC Chem 2023; 17:163. [PMID: 37996961 PMCID: PMC10668390 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Two simple and rapid chromatographic methods were developed and validated for the analysis of levamisole and triclabendazole simultaneously in pure and pharmaceutical products. The first method is thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with densitometry, and the second method is high-performance liquid chromatography with PDA detection (HPLC-PDA). A Hypersil BDS C18 column with dimensions of 4.6 × 150 mm and a particle size of 5 µm was used in the HPLC-PDA method. An isocratic condition was used to carry out the separation, and the mobile phase was made up of acetonitrile and a 0.03 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer in double-distilled water. The ratio of the mobile phase preparation was 70:30 (v/v), and the flow rate was 1 mL/min. A wavelength of 215 nm was employed for analyte detection. Precoated silica gel 60 F254 aluminium plates were used for the TLC method's separation. Mobile phase was made of ethyl acetate, hexane, methanol, and ammonia (69:15:15:1) for the separation. The detection wavelength selected was 215 nm. According to the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, the proposed methods were validated and it was found that the two chromatographic methods are accurate, precise, and linear for both compounds in the range of 3.75-37.5 and 6-60 mg/L for the HPLC method for levamisole and triclabendazole, respectively and in the range of 2-14 µg/spot for the TLC method. The developed methods greenness profile was assessed using AGREE and ComplexGAPI tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A M Attia
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Ebrahim A El-Desouky
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Amr M Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
| | - Nahla A Abdelshafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
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18
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Liu S, Zhang N, Yu Q, Li J, Wang X, Li X, Zhang X, Cheng S, Yue T, Zhang H, Gong P, Zhang X. Immunol detection of cathepsin L from Fasciola hepatica infection in sheep by monoclonal antibody-based colloidal gold test strip assay. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1668-1671. [PMID: 37635410 PMCID: PMC10579808 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiong Liu
- />Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationInstitute of ZoonosisCollege of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun130062China
| | - Nan Zhang
- />Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationInstitute of ZoonosisCollege of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun130062China
| | - Qinlei Yu
- />Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationInstitute of ZoonosisCollege of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun130062China
| | - Jianhua Li
- />Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationInstitute of ZoonosisCollege of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun130062China
| | - Xiaocen Wang
- />Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationInstitute of ZoonosisCollege of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun130062China
| | - Xin Li
- />Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationInstitute of ZoonosisCollege of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun130062China
| | - Xu Zhang
- />Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationInstitute of ZoonosisCollege of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun130062China
| | - Shuqin Cheng
- />Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationInstitute of ZoonosisCollege of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun130062China
| | - Taotao Yue
- />Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationInstitute of ZoonosisCollege of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun130062China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- />Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationInstitute of ZoonosisCollege of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun130062China
| | - Pengtao Gong
- />Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationInstitute of ZoonosisCollege of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun130062China
| | - Xichen Zhang
- />Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationInstitute of ZoonosisCollege of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun130062China
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19
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Larroza M, Aguilar M, Soler P, Mora J, Roa M, Cabrera R, Martinez Stanziola JP, Ceballos L, Alvarez LI. Triclabendazole resistance in Fasciola hepatica: First report in sheep from the Santa Cruz province, Argentinian Patagonia. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 45:100927. [PMID: 37783530 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
In the fall of 2022, decreased triclabendazole (TCBZ) efficacy against F. hepatica was suspected in a sheep farm located in the Santa Cruz province, Argentinian Patagonia. Since TCBZ-resistance in F. hepatica has never been reported in this province, this study aimed to confirm potential TCBZ-resistance in F. hepatica and to evaluate the efficacy of closantel (CLO) and nitroxinil (NTX), through faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), and the efficacy of albendazole (ABZ) through the in vitro egg hatch test (EHT) in sheep. Sixty-eight (68) animals were selected from a herd of eighty (80) female Merino naturally infected with F. hepatica based on eggs per gram of F. hepatica (EPGFh) counts and assigned into four (4) groups (n = 17 per group): Group Control, animals did not receive anthelmintic treatment; Group TCBZ, animals were orally treated with TCBZ (12 mg/kg); Group CLO, animals were orally treated with CLO (10 mg/kg); and Group NTX, animals were subcutaneously treated with NTX (10 mg/kg). The fluke egg output was monitored on days 0 and 21 post-treatment. For the EHT, liver fluke eggs were isolated from faecal samples (approx. 50 g) collected from animals of the control group. TCBZ efficacy against liver fluke was 53.4%, confirming the presence of TCBZ-resistant isolates on the farm. CLO and NTX were highly effective (100%) for the treatment of F. hepatica on this farm. The EHT was carried out in two different laboratories, in which was observed an ABZ efficacy of 95.8 (Bariloche) and 96.5% (Tandil). These results indicate the ABZ susceptibility of this F. hepatica isolate and the inter-laboratory precision of the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Larroza
- Grupo de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Bariloche, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Aguilar
- Agencia de Extensión Rural INTA, San Julián, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Paula Soler
- Grupo de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Bariloche, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Julio Mora
- Agencia de Extensión Rural del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Los Antiguos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Martín Roa
- Agencia de Extensión Rural del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Los Antiguos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Raúl Cabrera
- Grupo de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Bariloche, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | | | - Laura Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis I Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Sprague DJ, Park SK, Gramberg S, Bauer L, Rohr CM, Chulkov EG, Smith E, Scampavia L, Spicer TP, Haeberlein S, Marchant JS. Target-based discovery of a broad spectrum flukicide. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.22.559026. [PMID: 37790347 PMCID: PMC10542552 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.22.559026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Diseases caused by parasitic flatworms impart a considerable healthcare burden worldwide. Many of these diseases - for example, the parasitic blood fluke infection, schistosomiasis - are treated with the drug praziquantel (PZQ). However, PZQ is ineffective against disease caused by liver flukes from the genus Fasciola. This is due to a single amino acid change within the target of PZQ, a transient receptor potential ion channel (TRPMPZQ), in Fasciola species. Here we identify benzamidoquinazolinone analogs that are active against Fasciola TRPMPZQ. Structure-activity studies define an optimized ligand (BZQ) that caused protracted paralysis and damage to the protective tegument of these liver flukes. BZQ also retained activity against Schistosoma mansoni comparable to PZQ and was active against TRPMPZQ orthologs in all profiled species of parasitic fluke. This broad spectrum activity was manifest as BZQ adopts a pose within the binding pocket of TRPMPZQ dependent on a ubiquitously conserved residue. BZQ therefore acts as a universal activator of trematode TRPMPZQ and a first-in-class, broad spectrum flukicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Sprague
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sang-Kyu Park
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Svenja Gramberg
- BFS, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lisa Bauer
- BFS, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Claudia M. Rohr
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Evgeny G. Chulkov
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Emery Smith
- UF Scripps Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Louis Scampavia
- UF Scripps Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Timothy P. Spicer
- UF Scripps Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Simone Haeberlein
- BFS, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan S. Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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21
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McVeigh P, McCammick E, Robb E, Brophy P, Morphew RM, Marks NJ, Maule AG. Discovery of long non-coding RNAs in the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011663. [PMID: 37769025 PMCID: PMC10564125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding (lnc)RNAs are a class of eukaryotic RNA that do not code for protein and are linked with transcriptional regulation, amongst a myriad of other functions. Using a custom in silico pipeline we have identified 6,436 putative lncRNA transcripts in the liver fluke parasite, Fasciola hepatica, none of which are conserved with those previously described from Schistosoma mansoni. F. hepatica lncRNAs were distinct from F. hepatica mRNAs in transcript length, coding probability, exon/intron composition, expression patterns, and genome distribution. RNA-Seq and digital droplet PCR measurements demonstrated developmentally regulated expression of lncRNAs between intra-mammalian life stages; a similar proportion of lncRNAs (14.2%) and mRNAs (12.8%) were differentially expressed (p<0.001), supporting a functional role for lncRNAs in F. hepatica life stages. While most lncRNAs (81%) were intergenic, we identified some that overlapped protein coding loci in antisense (13%) or intronic (6%) configurations. We found no unequivocal evidence for correlated developmental expression within positionally correlated lncRNA:mRNA pairs, but global co-expression analysis identified five lncRNA that were inversely co-regulated with 89 mRNAs, including a large number of functionally essential proteases. The presence of micro (mi)RNA binding sites in 3135 lncRNAs indicates the potential for miRNA-based post-transcriptional regulation of lncRNA, and/or their function as competing endogenous (ce)RNAs. The same annotation pipeline identified 24,141 putative lncRNAs in F. gigantica. This first description of lncRNAs in F. hepatica provides an avenue to future functional and comparative genomics studies that will provide a new perspective on a poorly understood aspect of parasite biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul McVeigh
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Erin McCammick
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Robb
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Brophy
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Russell M. Morphew
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki J. Marks
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron G. Maule
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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22
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Checa J, Salazar C, Goyeche A, Rivera M, Silveira F, Maggioli G. A promising new target to control fasciolosis: Fasciola hepatica leucine aminopeptidase 2. Vet Parasitol 2023; 320:109959. [PMID: 37329826 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Parasite M17 leucine aminopeptidases (LAPs) have been associated with critical roles in different key functions such as the nutrition, migration, and invasion of the natural host. Native or recombinant LAP used as a vaccine antigen has proved effective to elicit protection against Fasciola hepatica infection in sheep, pointing to potential vaccine candidates against fascioliasis in ruminant species. Previously, the FhLAP1, abundantly secreted in vitro by the mature adult parasite was used as a vaccine antigen obtaining promising protection results against F. hepatica challenge in small ruminants. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of a second recombinant LAP (FhLAP2) associated with the juvenile stage of F. hepatica. FhLAP2 showed aminopeptidase activity using different synthetic substrates, including leucine, arginine, and methionine and was increased in the presence of Mn+ 2 and Mg+ 2. The activity was inhibited by bestatin, 1,10-phenanthroline, and EDTA, specific inhibitors of aminopeptidase and/or metalloproteases. Finally, the recombinant FhLAP2 functional form was tested in combination with Freund's incomplete adjuvant in an immunization trial in mice followed by an experimental challenge with F. hepatica metacercariae. The immunization with FhLAP2/FIA resulted in a significant reduction of parasite recovery compared to control groups. The immunized group elicited total specific IgG and subclasses IgG1 and IgG2 antibody responses. This study highlights the potential of a new candidate vaccine formulation with potential applications in natural ruminant hosts, especially those targeting the juvenile stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackeline Checa
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Salazar
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Antonella Goyeche
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Rivera
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Silveira
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Maggioli
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
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23
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Chakroborty A, Pritchard DR, Bouillon ME, Cervi A, Kraehenbuehl R, Wild C, Fenn C, Holdsworth P, Capner C, Padalino G, Forde-Thomas JE, Payne J, Smith BG, Fisher M, Lahmann M, Baird MS, Hoffmann KF. Modified Hederagenin Derivatives Demonstrate Ex Vivo Anthelmintic Activity against Fasciola hepatica. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1869. [PMID: 37514055 PMCID: PMC10385850 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) causes fasciolosis (or fascioliasis) and poses a considerable economic as well as welfare burden to both the agricultural and animal health sectors. Here, we explore the ex vivo anthelmintic potential of synthetic derivatives of hederagenin, isolated in bulk from Hedera helix. Thirty-six compounds were initially screened against F. hepatica newly excysted juveniles (NEJs) of the Italian strain. Eleven of these compounds were active against NEJs and were selected for further study, using adult F. hepatica derived from a local abattoir (provenance unknown). From these eleven compounds, six demonstrated activity and were further assessed against immature liver flukes of the Italian strain. Subsequently, the most active compounds (n = 5) were further evaluated in ex vivo dose response experiments against adult Italian strain liver flukes. Overall, MC042 was identified as the most active molecule and the EC50 obtained from immature and adult liver fluke assays (at 24 h post co-culture) are estimated as 1.07 μM and 13.02 μM, respectively. When compared to the in vitro cytotoxicity of MDBK bovine cell line, MC042 demonstrated the highest anthelmintic selectivity (44.37 for immature and 3.64 for adult flukes). These data indicate that modified hederagenins display properties suitable for further investigations as candidate flukicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Chakroborty
- The Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | | | - Marc E Bouillon
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Anna Cervi
- Naturiol Bangor Ltd., MSParc, Gaerwen, Anglesey LL60 6AG, UK
| | | | - Charlotte Wild
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
| | - Caroline Fenn
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
| | - Peter Holdsworth
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
- PAH Consultancy Pty Ltd., 3/27 Gaunson Crescent, Wanniassa, Canberra 2903, Australia
| | - Colin Capner
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
| | - Gilda Padalino
- The Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | | | - Joseph Payne
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
| | - Brendan G Smith
- Bimeda UK, Bryn Cefni Industrial Estate, Unit 2A, Llangefni LL77 7XA, UK
| | - Maggie Fisher
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
| | - Martina Lahmann
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Hälsovägen 11, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mark S Baird
- Naturiol Bangor Ltd., MSParc, Gaerwen, Anglesey LL60 6AG, UK
| | - Karl F Hoffmann
- The Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
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24
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Garcia-Corredor D, Alvarado M, Pulido-Medellín M, Muñoz M, Cruz-Saavedra L, Hernández C, Giraldo JC, Vásquez-Arteaga LR, Morillo Coronado AC, Ramírez JD. Molecular characterization of Fasciola hepatica in endemic regions of Colombia. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1171147. [PMID: 37360412 PMCID: PMC10288157 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1171147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a zoonotic trematode that affects a wide range of hosts, including cattle, sheep, and goats. The economic impact of the parasite on the cattle industry is significant, with high losses reported worldwide. While its impact on human health was previously underestimated, recent years have seen a rise in fascioliasis cases, leading to increased interest among researchers globally. To characterize the genetic diversity and intraspecific variation of this parasite in South America, specifically in Colombia, we collected 105 adult parasites from cattle bile ducts in seven Colombian departments (Antioquia, Boyacá, Santander, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Nariño, Norte de Santander, and Santander) to assess the parasite's phenotypic analyses, genetic diversity, and population structure. A computer image analysis system (CIAS) was applied based on standardized morphological measurements. Liver-fluke size was studied by principal component analysis (PCA). DNA sequences were obtained for nuclear markers such as the 28S, β-tubulin 3, ITS1, ITS2, and the mitochondrial marker Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI). Multiple statistical tests were performed, and the parasite's population structure was analyzed. Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic reconstructions were carried out using the sequences obtained herein and sequences available in GenBank. Morphological results revealed that all the obtained individuals matched F. hepatica's morphology. There was no evidence of high genetic diversity, and the absence of genetic structure at the country-level was notable, possibly caused by a demographic expansion of this trematode in Colombia or the low resolution of the molecular markers employed. Future studies are still needed to unveil the genetic population structure of F. hepatica across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garcia-Corredor
- Grupo de Investigación en Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (GIDIMEVETZ), Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC), Tunja, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mateo Alvarado
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martín Pulido-Medellín
- Grupo de Investigación en Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (GIDIMEVETZ), Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC), Tunja, Colombia
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lissa Cruz-Saavedra
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Centro de Tecnología en Salud (CETESA), Innovaseq SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julio Cesar Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación en Parasitología y Microbiología Tropical, Programa de Biología, Universidad INCCA de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis R. Vásquez-Arteaga
- Centro de Estudios en Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Ana Cruz Morillo Coronado
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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25
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Kahl A, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Helm CS, Hodgkinson J, Williams D, Weiher W, Terhalle W, Steuber S, Krücken J. Coproscopical diagnosis of patent Fasciola hepatica infections in sheep - A comparison between standard sedimentation, FLUKEFINDER® and a combination of both. Vet Parasitol 2023; 319:109956. [PMID: 37182357 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The liver fluke Fasciola hepatica is a highly pathogenic and zoonotic trematode with a cosmopolitan distribution. In livestock, infections may lead to significant economic losses if not diagnosed promptly and treated effectively. Particularly for small ruminants, the standard method for the detection of fluke infection is based on coproscopical methods such as the sedimentation method, which detects F. hepatica eggs in faecal samples. In this respect a recent innovative coproscopical approach to diagnose patent infections is the FLUKEFINDER® method, which relies on differential sieving before sedimentation. These two methods and a combination of both methods that allows larger amounts of faeces to be processed with the FLUKEFINDER® apparatus were compared, to assess which method is most appropriate to determine the prevalence and intensity of F. hepatica egg shedding. The methods were compared for their ability to recover eggs from ovine faecal samples containing different numbers of fluke eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces and diluting the samples further by mixing with faeces from uninfected sheep. To compare the specificity of the test procedures, positive and negative samples with a low EPG were analysed in parallel by an investigator blinded to the nature of the samples. Significant differences concerning the EPG outcome were found: The FLUKEFINDER® method demonstrated the highest EPG values (p < 0.001) in the undiluted samples as well as in all mixing levels, followed by the modified FLUKEFINDER® method. The standard sedimentation showed the lowest EPG values and the highest variability between technical replicates. The precision of the FLUKEFINDER® method and the modified FLUKEFINDER® method were significantly higher than the precision of the standard sedimentation as determined by comparison of variability between technical replicates. The highest raw egg counts were detected using the modified FLUKEFINDER® method. The FLUKEFINDER® method and the combined method showed a sensitivity of 100 % even at the lowest egg concentrations, whereas the sensitivity of the standard sedimentation was 98.1 % for the same set of samples (i.e. one false negative sample). In a separate investigation aiming to estimate the specificity no differences were found between the three methods: all protocols showed 100 % specificity and were able to correctly distinguish between truly positive and truly negative samples without any evidence of cross-contamination between positive and negative samples processed in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kahl
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 13163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 13163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina S Helm
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 13163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jane Hodgkinson
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, L3 5RF Liverpool, UK
| | - Diana Williams
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, L3 5RF Liverpool, UK
| | - Wiebke Weiher
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Mauerstr. 39-42, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Terhalle
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Mauerstr. 39-42, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Steuber
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Mauerstr. 39-42, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7, 13163 Berlin, Germany.
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26
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Strydom T, Lavan RP, Torres S, Heaney K. The Economic Impact of Parasitism from Nematodes, Trematodes and Ticks on Beef Cattle Production. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1599. [PMID: 37238028 PMCID: PMC10215612 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Global human population growth requires the consumption of more meat such as beef to meet human needs for protein intake. Cattle parasites are a constant and serious threat to the development of the beef cattle industry. Studies have shown that parasites not only reduce the performance of beef cattle, but also negatively affect the profitability of beef agriculture and have many other impacts, including contributing to the production of greenhouse gases. In addition, some zoonotic parasitic diseases may also threaten human health. Therefore, ongoing cattle parasite research is crucial for continual parasite control and the development of the beef cattle industry. Parasitism challenges profitable beef production by reducing feed efficiency, immune function, reproductive efficiency, liveweight, milk yield, calf yield and carcass weight, and leads to liver condemnations and disease transmission. Globally, beef cattle producers incur billions (US$) in losses due to parasitism annually, with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and cattle ticks causing the greatest economic impact. The enormity of losses justifies parasitic control measures to protect profits and improve animal welfare. Geographical differences in production environment, management practices, climate, cattle age and genotype, parasite epidemiology and susceptibility to chemotherapies necessitate control methods customized for each farm. Appropriate use of anthelmintics, endectocides and acaricides have widely been shown to result in net positive return on investment. Implementing strategic parasite control measures, with thorough knowledge of parasite risk, prevalence, parasiticide resistance profiles and prices can result in positive economic returns for beef cattle farmers in all sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Strydom
- MSD Animal Health, 20 Spartan Road, Isando, Kempton Park 1619, South Africa;
| | - Robert P. Lavan
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Siddhartha Torres
- Merck Animal Health, 2 Giralda Farms, Madison, NJ 07940, USA; (S.T.); (K.H.)
| | - Kathleen Heaney
- Merck Animal Health, 2 Giralda Farms, Madison, NJ 07940, USA; (S.T.); (K.H.)
- Heaney Veterinary Consulting, 303 Fletcher Lake Avenue, Bradley Beach, NJ 07720, USA
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Nurlaelasari A, Wulandari AR, Caro TM, Nugroho HA, Sukaryo S, Cahyadi M, Kurniawan W, Hamid PH. Artemisia vulgaris anthelmintic activities to ova and adult stages of Fasciola gigantica in vitro. Vet World 2023; 16:1141-1153. [PMID: 37576776 PMCID: PMC10420699 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1141-1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Fasciolosis due to Fasciola gigantica is endemic to tropical countries and Fasciola hepatica in temperate climates, highly detrimental to livestock and known as foodborne zoonotic diseases. The strategic control of the disease is mainly the use of chemical anthelmintic. This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic properties of Artemisia vulgaris extract on the ova and adult stages of F. gigantica. Materials and Methods Samples were collected from the Ampel Abbatoir, Boyolali District, Central Java, Indonesia. The ova from 20-gallbladders of cattle which were naturally infected with F. gigantica and 270 living F. gigantica worms were used in this study. The ovicidal assay was performed by incubating the ova with A. vulgaris in different concentrations, that is, 5%, 2.5%, and 1.25% for 5, 9, 11, 14, and 16 days. The efficacies were evaluated by quantification of ova degeneration during developmental stages in different time points and egg-hatch assay. The flukicidal effects were observed by mortality assay in 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 min incubations followed by scanning electron microscopy for surface morphology and histology of the fluke's transversal sections. Results The concentration of 5% A. vulgaris showed the strongest ovicidal activities. The percentage of hatching ova on day 16 at concentrations of 5%, 2.5%, and 1.25% were 3.33%, 6.67%, and 16.67%. These ova hatch assay showed a significant reduction (p < 0.001) compared to untreated control. The flukicidal effect was significant (p < 0.001) at a concentration of 20%, with a mortality rate reaching 66.67% in the 40 min of incubation time. The surface properties of the adult worms, including the spine, tegument, acetabulum, intestine, and vitelline follicles, were disintegrated. Conclusion The results showed that A. vulgaris has the potential ovicidal and flukicidal properties to F. gigantica. The active compounds remained necessary to be elucidated further and its modes of action would be interesting to be predicted by molecular docking modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andini Nurlaelasari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia
| | | | - Tamara Muñoz Caro
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Santo Tomás, Chile
| | | | - Sukaryo Sukaryo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Cahyadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia
| | - Wahyu Kurniawan
- Agency of Livestock and Fishery Services, Boyolali District, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Penny Humaidah Hamid
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia
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Rehman L, Ullah R, Rehman A, Khan MAH, Beg MA, Wasim S, Farhat F, Ahammad SPA, Abidi SMA. Clinostomum complanatum: Anthelmintic potential of curcumin on the infective progenetic metacercarial stage. Exp Parasitol 2023; 249:108514. [PMID: 36963743 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The emerging resistance against commonly used antiparasitic drugs has driven investigators to explore alternative approaches using plant-derived active ingredients. These compounds have been tested for antiviral, antibacterial, and anthelmintic properties, particularly against adult worms. However, their effects on larval forms have been neglected. Curcumin is a polyphenol that is a significant constituent of the rhizome of Curcuma longa and possesses various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious, and anti-carcinogenic. In the present study, the anthelmintic potential of curcumin was tested in vitro for its efficacy against the zoonotically important larval form, the progenetic metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum, which were procured from the forage fish, Trichogaster fasciatus. Curcumin produced time and concentration-dependent inhibition in the motility of treated metacercarial worms, with the maximum inhibition of motility reported at 60 μM along with a significant increase of (36-92%) in ROS and (57-112%) in GSH levels at the end of a period of 6 h. In contrast, curcumin at the highest concentration significantly inhibited the activities of the antioxidant and detoxification enzymes SOD (36%) and GST (16%), respectively, in addition to altering the polypeptide profile and inhibiting cysteine proteases. The tegumental surface appeared to be highly disrupted in curcumin-treated worms, exhibiting severe blebbing, shearing of the tegument, and spine erosion. Such changes would affect the tegumental functions and survival of worms in the hostile microenvironment. This would render worms more susceptible to host-mediated rejection responses. Based on the results of the present study, it is inferred that C. complanatum could serve as an excellent model for screening novel anthelmintic drugs against larval trematodes of great economic significance. Furthermore, we conclude that curcumin could be exploited as an excellent phytotherapeutic agent against the virulent larval form under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Rehman
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India.
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - Abdur Rehman
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - M A Hannan Khan
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India; Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mirza Ahmar Beg
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - Sobia Wasim
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - Faiza Farhat
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - Shareef P A Ahammad
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India; Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, PSMO College (Affiliated to the University of Calicut), Tirurangadi, Kerala, 676 306, India
| | - S M A Abidi
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India.
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In Vitro Anthelmintic Effect of Ferula assa-foetida Hydroalcoholic Extract Against Flukes of Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2023. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp-133030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dicrocoeliasis and fascioliasis are foodborne parasitic diseases of the biliary tract, resulting from Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Fasciola hepatica causing extensive financial losses and serious health problems in ruminants. Due to low-performance medications, drug delivery is a tremendous project to improve interventions available for these diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the anthelmintic properties of Ferula assa-foetida extract against F. hepatica and D. dendriticum using in vitro assay. Methods: The effects of diverse concentrations of F. assa-foetida extract (400 - 1000 µg/mL) for 12-24 hours were examined for the treatment of D. dendriticum and F. hepatica. The anthelmintic efficacies were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The MTT assay was carried out to evaluate the cell viability of all cells in culture media. Results: The SEM images of treated worms by F. assa-foetida extract (200 µg/mL) confirmed excessive damage, which included an entire lack of sensory papillae and destruction of distinguished network structures and tegument vesicles. Variables of duration and concentration presented a considerable effect on both the mortality rate and the anthelmintic properties of F. assa-foetida; accordingly, as the time and concentration increased, the mortality rate became higher. Based on the MTT assay, the toxicity of F. assa-foetida at 800 µg/mL concentration was 8.7%. Therefore, it can be argued that F. assa-foetida had anthelmintic properties. Conclusions: This is the first study that evaluated the impact of F. assa-foetida on liver flukes of D. dendriticum and F. hepatica. Therefore, it paved the way for further studies on the control of those trematodes. It is recommended to document and look into the indigenous understanding of viable medicinal plants to provide evidence for their use.
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de Mello AB, Baccega BF, Martins FO, da Rosa Farias NA, de Giacometi M, da Fonseca RN, de Oliveira Hübner S, Soares MP, Oliveira CB. Microscopic alterations in Fasciola hepatica treated with the essential oils of Pelargonium graveolens and Citrus aurantium. Vet Parasitol 2023; 314:109863. [PMID: 36565643 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is one of the most important parasitic diseases in animal health, affecting mainly ruminants, causing economic and productivity losses. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro ovicidal and adulticidal activity of essential oils (EOs) from Pelargonium graveolens (geranium) and Citrus aurantium (sour orange) on Fasciola hepatica. Performed Gas Chromatography of EOs P. graveolens and C. aurantium, with major compound, citronellol (31.37 %) and limonene (93.89 %), respectively. For the cytotoxicity assay, the sour orange EO showed to be promising when used in lower concentrations. For the ovicidal tests, the eggs were incubated with geranium EOs at concentrations from 4.5 to 0.03375 mg/mL and sour orange at concentrations from 4.25 to 0.031875 mg/mL, along with controls. The viable eggs were counted on the 14th day post-incubation. Adult forms of F. hepatica were incubated containing the EOs and observed for 24 h after treatment, as well as the control groups. Later the specimens were fixed for histological analysis. Geranium and sour orange EOs in trematode eggs at the concentrations tested were 100 % effective in inactivating hatching (p < 0.05) when compared to the untreated control. In the adulticidal test, the essential oil of P. graveolens at both concentrations tested (0.0675 and 0.03375) within 15 h, promoted the death of flukes. For C. aurantium, 18 h was enough to inactivate all specimens, up to a concentration of 0.06375. The histological analysis, observed the accumulation of liquid in the tegument in the specimens incubated in C. aurantium and P. graveolens, with vacuolization in the tegument and spines, preventing externalization. The results of the study present OEs with efficient ovicidal and adulticidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna Fruet Baccega
- Federal University of Pelotas, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Pereira Soares
- Federal University of Pelotas, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Brazil
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Zárate-Rendón DA, Briones-Montero A, Huaraca-Oré NA, Veirano GS, Levecke B, Geldhof P. Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of five anthelmintics against natural Fasciola hepatica infections in dairy cattle from the Mantaro Valley, Peru. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 38:100827. [PMID: 36725157 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The intensive use of anthelmintic drugs to control Fasciola hepatica infections in dairy cattle has resulted in the emergence of anthelmintic resistance. Cases of resistance to triclabendazole (TCBZ) have been reported worldwide. The main goal of this research was to evaluate the main five fasciolicides to control fasciolosis in dairy cattle in the Mantaro Valley, Peru. Two fecal egg count reduction tests were performed. In a first study, 24 naturally F. hepatica infected cattle were randomly grouped into three experimental groups (n = 8). Groups were treated with either TCBZ, nitroxynil (NTX) or closantel (CLOS). In a second experiment, 55 naturally infected cows were grouped into three experimental groups and treated with either TCBZ (n = 18), rafoxanide (RFX) + albendazole (ABZ) (n = 19) or clorsulon (CLN) + ivermectin (IVM) (n = 18). Therapeutic efficacy was determined following the WAAVP guidelines by measuring reduction in fluke egg output at days 15 and 30 post-treatment. Bootstrapping method was used to obtain the 95% confidence intervals. The efficacy of TCBZ was inadequate in both studies (≤80.8%). Closantel showed high efficacy (≥ 90%) at both days, while NTX showed 92.9% (83-100) and 82.1% (53.6-100), efficacy, at days 15 and 30, respectively. Efficacy for RFX were 92.1% (79.6-98.9) and 97.4% (94.1-99.4); and for CLN, 98.8% (97.6-100) and 80.1% (44.7-99.4), at days 15 and 30, respectively. The outcome of this study indicates reduced therapeutic efficacy of TCBZ against F. hepatica in an important dairy area of the Peruvian central highlands but also demonstrates the validity of four alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Zárate-Rendón
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Departamento Académico de Nutrición, Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru.
| | - Andrea Briones-Montero
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Departamento Académico de Nutrición, Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Natividad A Huaraca-Oré
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Departamento Académico de Nutrición, Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Gonzalo Suárez Veirano
- Unidad Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Republica, Uruguay
| | - Bruno Levecke
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Geldhof
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Beesley NJ, Cwiklinski K, Allen K, Hoyle RC, Spithill TW, La Course EJ, Williams DJL, Paterson S, Hodgkinson JE. A major locus confers triclabendazole resistance in Fasciola hepatica and shows dominant inheritance. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011081. [PMID: 36701396 PMCID: PMC9904461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica infection is responsible for substantial economic losses in livestock worldwide and poses a threat to human health in endemic areas. The mainstay of control in livestock and the only drug licenced for use in humans is triclabendazole (TCBZ). TCBZ resistance has been reported on every continent and threatens effective control of fasciolosis in many parts of the world. To date, understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying TCBZ resistance has been limited to studies of candidate genes, based on assumptions of their role in drug action. Taking an alternative approach, we combined a genetic cross with whole-genome sequencing to localise a ~3.2Mbp locus within the 1.2Gbp F. hepatica genome that confers TCBZ resistance. We validated this locus independently using bulk segregant analysis of F. hepatica populations and showed that it is the target of drug selection in the field. We genotyped individual parasites and tracked segregation and reassortment of SNPs to show that TCBZ resistance exhibits Mendelian inheritance and is conferred by a dominant allele. We defined gene content within this locus to pinpoint genes involved in membrane transport, (e.g. ATP-binding cassette family B, ABCB1), transmembrane signalling and signal transduction (e.g. GTP-Ras-adenylyl cyclase and EGF-like protein), DNA/RNA binding and transcriptional regulation (e.g. SANT/Myb-like DNA-binding domain protein) and drug storage and sequestration (e.g. fatty acid binding protein, FABP) as prime candidates for conferring TCBZ resistance. This study constitutes the first experimental cross and genome-wide approach for any heritable trait in F. hepatica and is key to understanding the evolution of drug resistance in Fasciola spp. to inform deployment of efficacious anthelmintic treatments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Beesley
- Veterinary Parasitology, Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Krystyna Cwiklinski
- Veterinary Parasitology, Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Allen
- Veterinary Parasitology, Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C Hoyle
- Veterinary Parasitology, Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Terry W Spithill
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | | | - Diana J L Williams
- Veterinary Parasitology, Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Paterson
- Centre for Genomic Research, Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jane E Hodgkinson
- Veterinary Parasitology, Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Hoyle RC, Rose Vineer H, Duncan JS, Williams DJ, Hodgkinson JE. A survey of sheep and/or cattle farmers in the UK shows confusion over the diagnosis and control of rumen fluke and liver fluke. Vet Parasitol 2022; 312:109812. [PMID: 36270230 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Calicophoron daubneyi (rumen fluke) is an emerging parasitic infection of livestock across Europe. Despite increasing in prevalence, little is known about the level of awareness of rumen fluke or current control practices used by UK farmers. Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) is a common parasitic infection of cattle and sheep in the UK. Co-infections with these parasites can present in sheep and cattle, but the only drug with reported efficacy against rumen fluke is oxyclozanide. Between December 2019 and March 2020, 451 sheep and/or cattle farmers completed an online questionnaire, capturing their awareness and current means of control for liver fluke and rumen fluke. Most respondents (70%) were aware of rumen fluke, with 14% recording its presence on their farms and 18% having previously treated for rumen fluke. Almost all respondents (99%) were aware of liver fluke and higher numbers of respondents reported its presence on farm (67%) with 88% having previously treated for liver fluke. Respondents who were aware of rumen fluke said they were concerned about the parasite (81%), although rumen fluke was less of a concern than liver fluke (p < 0.05). Of respondents who reported rumen fluke presence on their farm, 42% cited incorrect diagnostic methods, including those traditionally used to detect liver fluke. Respondents were more likely to treat annually for liver fluke, as opposed to rumen fluke (p < 0.05). The most frequently used drug for the treatment of liver fluke infection was triclabendazole (53% sheep treatments, 34% cattle treatments) and only a minority of farmers treated with a product effective against rumen fluke (oxyclozanide; 42% cattle treatments, 35% sheep treatments). A small proportion of farmers stated that they used a non-flukicide drug to treat sheep for liver fluke infection (1.6% sheep treatments). These results demonstrate a broad awareness of liver and rumen fluke in sheep and cattle, but reveal confusion amongst farmers about their diagnosis and treatment, highlighting the need to provide best practice advice to the livestock industry for the control of both parasites.
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Antihelminthic effect of thymoquinone against biliary amphistome, Gigantocotyle explanatum. Exp Parasitol 2022; 243:108421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Robb E, McCammick EM, Wells D, McVeigh P, Gardiner E, Armstrong R, McCusker P, Mousley A, Clarke N, Marks NJ, Maule AG. Transcriptomic analysis supports a role for the nervous system in regulating growth and development of Fasciola hepatica juveniles. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010854. [PMCID: PMC9639813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciola spp. liver flukes have significant impacts in veterinary and human medicine. The absence of a vaccine and increasing anthelmintic resistance threaten sustainable control and underscore the need for novel flukicides. Functional genomic approaches underpinned by in vitro culture of juvenile Fasciola hepatica facilitate control target validation in the most pathogenic life stage. Comparative transcriptomics of in vitro and in vivo maintained 21 day old F. hepatica finds that 86% of genes are expressed at similar levels across maintenance treatments suggesting commonality in core biological functioning within these juveniles. Phenotypic comparisons revealed higher cell proliferation and growth rates in the in vivo juveniles compared to their in vitro counterparts. These phenotypic differences were consistent with the upregulation of neoblast-like stem cell and cell-cycle associated genes in in vivo maintained worms. The more rapid growth/development of in vivo juveniles was further evidenced by a switch in cathepsin protease expression profiles, dominated by cathepsin B in in vitro juveniles and by cathepsin L in in vivo juveniles. Coincident with more rapid growth/development was the marked downregulation of both classical and peptidergic neuronal signalling components in in vivo maintained juveniles, supporting a role for the nervous system in regulating liver fluke growth and development. Differences in the miRNA complements of in vivo and in vitro juveniles identified 31 differentially expressed miRNAs, including fhe-let-7a-5p, fhe-mir-124-3p and miRNAs predicted to target Wnt-signalling, which supports a key role for miRNAs in driving the growth/developmental differences in the in vitro and in vivo maintained juvenile liver fluke. Widespread differences in the expression of neuronal genes in juvenile fluke grown in vitro and in vivo expose significant interplay between neuronal signalling and the rate of growth/development, encouraging consideration of neuronal targets in efforts to dysregulate growth/development for parasite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Robb
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (ER); (EMM); (AGM)
| | - Erin M. McCammick
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (ER); (EMM); (AGM)
| | - Duncan Wells
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul McVeigh
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Erica Gardiner
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Armstrong
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul McCusker
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Mousley
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Clarke
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki J. Marks
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron G. Maule
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (ER); (EMM); (AGM)
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Vudriko P, Echodu R, Tashiro M, Oka N, Hayashi K, Ichikawa-Seki M. Population structure, molecular characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of Fasciola gigantica from two locations in Uganda. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 104:105359. [PMID: 36070805 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fasciola gigantica is a major pathogen that causes fasciolosis in Africa. A recent study in Uganda demonstrated that Fasciola flukes were present in 65.7% of slaughtered cattle. However, molecular identification of Fasciola species has not yet been performed in the country. In the present study, 292 Fasciola flukes were collected from Kampala and Gulu, Uganda. The samples were identified as F. gigantica using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay for DNA polymerase delta (pold). A significant genetic difference between F. gigantica obtained from cattle slaughtered at Kampala and Gulu was observed by analyzing the mitochondrial markers NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) and cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (cox1). Fasciola collected from Gulu had a more diversified population than that collected from Kampala, probably because of differences in livestock management systems. One of the possible reasons for this observation is that cattle slaughtered in Gulu were reared under an extensive communal grazing system, which is suitable for maintaining parasite diversity, whereas cattle slaughtered in Kampala mainly originated from fenced/closed farms, which limits parasite diversity. However, the cause of the difference between these two locations was not clearly defined by the results of this study. The F. gigantica population from Uganda was related to that obtained from Zambia. A star-like phylogeny was detected in a median-joining network analysis, which indicated rapid population expansion and suggested that the F. gigantica populations from both countries are maintained by domestic ruminants in eastern Africa. Interestingly, the F. gigantica population from Uganda was not related to those from Egypt and Nigeria. The results of the present study suggest that F. gigantica populations in African countries are indigenous to each country or region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vudriko
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control (RTC), Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard Echodu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda; Gulu University Multifunctional Research Laboratories, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Michiyo Tashiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Nozomi Oka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari 794-8555, Japan
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
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Alsulami MN, Wakid MH, Al-Matary M, Abdel-Gaber R, Al-Megrin WAI, Bakhraibah AO, Alanazi AD, Elshabrawy HA, El-Kady AM. Identification and Genetic Characterization of Fasciola hepatica Isolated from Cattle in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Based on Sequence Analysis of Mitochondrial (COI) Gene. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:4877-4886. [PMID: 36051657 PMCID: PMC9426870 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s375671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Saudi Arabia, more than US$ 0.2 million annual losses are caused by liver condemnations due to fascioliasis. Data obtained from the genetic characterization of Fasciola population sheds light on parasite transmission which could eventually help in development of effective parasite control measures. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of Fasciola spp. isolated from cattle in Saudi Arabia by sequence analyses of COI gene. Materials and Methods A total of 325 cows slaughtered at the central municipal abattoir in Jeddah city, Jeddah Province, Saudi Arabia were examined for fascioliasis in the period from 1st of June to 1st of July 2020. DNA was extracted from adult Fasciola worms and used for PCR and DNA sequence using a primer pair targeting COI gene. Analysis of the obtained sequences was done using BLAST search and phylogenetic analysis. Results Bovine fascioliasis was diagnosed in 18 out of 325 cattle (5.5%). Forty-eight flukes were extracted from infected animals and DNA was successfully amplified from all flukes. Overall 12 different DNA sequences were obtained. BLAST search showed that all obtained sequences were F. hepatica and had >97% similarity with F. hepatica isolates from Tanzania, Europe and Iran. Phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences showed that Fasciola isolates from the current study were clustered in one subclade closely related to isolates from North and South Africa and Italy. Conclusion Reports on the molecular characterization of Fasciola spp. in Saudi Arabia are limited. In the current study, our findings showed that F. hepatica was the only Fasciola species parasitizing cattle in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. Further studies using a large number of samples from different localities in Saudi Arabia are needed to provide data that will help the development of control measures against fascioliasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muslimah N Alsulami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21493, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed H Wakid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Matary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Abdullah I Al-Megrin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej O Bakhraibah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21493, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah D Alanazi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Ad-Dawadimi, 11911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX, 77304, USA
| | - Asmaa M El-Kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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Okeke IJ, Oyeyemi OT, Morenikeji OA. Ovicidal and miracicidal activities of Calotropis procera and its green-synthesized nanotized derivative: a quest for new antifasciola agents. Acta Trop 2022; 236:106700. [PMID: 36181877 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hasan MM, Roy BC, Biswas H, Rahman M, Anisuzzaman A, Alam MZ, Talukder MH. Efficacy of flukicides on Fasciola gigantica, a food-borne zoonotic helminth affecting livestock in Bangladesh. Parasitology 2022; 149:1339-1348. [PMID: 35535471 PMCID: PMC11010523 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola gigantica, the causative agent of tropical fasciolosis, is a food-borne zoonotic trematode that affects around 80% livestock of Bangladesh. Triclabendazole (TCBZ), nitroxynil (NTON) and oxyclozanide (OCZN) are frequently used against fascioliasis; however, the current status of potency of these flukicides was unknown. In this study, in vitro efficacy of TCBZ, NTON and OCZN at various concentrations on F. gigantica has been evaluated by relative motility (RM), morphological distortions of apical cone through an inverted microscope, architectural and ultra-structural changes through histopathological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is observed that TCBZ, NTON and OCZN at higher concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) reduced RM of the flukes compared to untreated control. NTON at 150 μg mL−1 was the most potent to reduce the motility within 4 h whereas TCBZ and OCZN were much delayed. Histopathological changes showed swollen, extensive cracking, numerous vacuoles and splitting of the tegument surrounding the spines; spine dislodged from its socket in treated flukes compared to untreated worms. Histopathological changes were more conspicuous at higher doses of TCBZ, NTON and OCZN. SEM has shown the disruption of the apical cone, apart from swelling of the tegument on the ventral surface corrugation and disruption of the ventral apical cone. All these changes indicate that NTON is the most potent in killing flukes in vitro among the tested flukicides and suggest the presence of TCBZ-resistant fluke populations in Bangladesh. It is imperative to explore the in vivo effects of these flukicides and subsequently their molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Manjurul Hasan
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Babul Chandra Roy
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Hiranmoy Biswas
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Moizur Rahman
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Zahangir Alam
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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Tran L, Toet H, Beddoe T. Environmental detection of Fasciola hepatica by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13778. [PMID: 35945935 PMCID: PMC9357369 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica, commonly referred to as liver flukes, is a substantial zoonotic parasitic disease of humans and livestock globally. While infection is readily controlled by anthelmintics, namely triclabendazole, the heavy reliance on triclabendazole has resulted in drug resistance appearing worldwide. Due to drug resistance, it is imperative to adopt an integrated parasite management program to preserve the efficacy of currently available anthelmintics. A integrated liver fluke management plan would benefit from a simple rapid, field-deployable diagnostic for detection of F. hepatica in environment and the host. Therefore, a rapid DNA test using loop-mediated isothermal amplification was developed and optimised for the detection of F. hepatica from faecal and water samples to enable the detection of parasites both within the host and from the environment. The assay presented here is fast, with amplification in ≤20 min, and highly sensitive, with a detection limit of 5 × 10-4 ng/µL. The workflow presented here provides a time to result of ≤60 min without requiring a commercial kit for the extraction of DNA from faecal and water samples, and pending further validation from field-samples, could potentially be used to enable real-time decision making to mitigate parasite prevalence on a farming property and with no requirement for sample transportation.
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Hoang Quang V, Levecke B, Do Trung D, Devleesschauwer B, Lam BVT, Polman K, Callens S, Dorny P, Dermauw V. Fasciola spp. in Southeast Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Syst Rev 2022; 11:138. [PMID: 35790977 PMCID: PMC9258220 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fascioliasis is an emerging public health threat in a number of regions worldwide, including Southeast Asia. Up to now, a summary of current knowledge on the occurrence and the distribution in Southeast Asia is lacking. We therefore aim to gather recent information on the distribution and prevalence of and the associated risk factors for Fasciola spp. infections in humans, animals, and plant carriers in Southeast Asia. METHODS Bibliographic and gray literature databases as well as reference lists of important review articles will be searched for relevant records that are published between January 1, 2000, and the search date. The systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for reporting systematic reviews. The primary outcomes will be both the prevalence of Fasciola spp. in the human and animal hosts, and on plant carriers in Southeast Asia, and the risk factors for occurrence of Fasciola spp. Secondary outcomes are the prevalence of Fasciola spp. in subpopulations (e.g., children and patients visiting clinics), the mapping of different diagnostic tests used, and the occurrence of the different Fasciola spp. in the study region. A descriptive statistical analysis will be conducted, and a meta-analysis will be run to estimate the prevalence of human and animal fascioliasis respectively, in Southeast Asia. DISCUSSION This systematic review will summarize the current knowledge on the epidemiology of Fasciola spp. infections in Southeast Asia. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This systematic review has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), reference number: CRD42021261104 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Hoang Quang
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit of Veterinary Helminthology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bruno Levecke
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dung Do Trung
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Binh Vu Thi Lam
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Katja Polman
- Unit of Medical Helminthology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Callens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit of Veterinary Helminthology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Unit of Veterinary Helminthology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Fasciolosis—An Increasing Challenge in the Sheep Industry. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121491. [PMID: 35739828 PMCID: PMC9219500 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola hepatica is a serious disease and a huge challenge in the sheep industry. The disease has several clinical manifestations including acute death, anemia, ill-thrift and loss of body condition. Climate change with milder temperatures and heavier rainfall will increase the risk of fasciolosis. Grazing management and treatment with flukicide are at present the only options to restrain F. hepatica infection. However, control possibilities are challenging, and resistance to flukicide drugs is increasing. Diagnostic improvements, targeted treatment and vaccines will hopefully increase animal health and welfare on fluke infested pastures in the future. Abstract The liver fluke Fasciola hepatica may cause severe infection in several mammalian species, including sheep and humans. Fasciolosis is a parasitic disease occurring worldwide in temperate climates and involves intermediate lymnaeid snails as vectors, in Europe the pond snail Galba truncatula in particular. In the sheep industry, the disease is a serious welfare and health problem. Fasciolosis is usually classified as acute, subacute or chronic according to the number and stage of flukes present in the liver, but with a considerable overlap. Acute disease, associated with a large number of migrating larvae, often results in sudden death due to acute and massive hemorrhage, while chronic fasciolosis is characterized by anemia, hypoalbuminaemia and weight loss. The management of fasciolosis is an increasing challenge in the sheep industry. Early diagnostic tests are limited. Protective immunity against liver flukes in sheep is low or lacking, and vaccines are not yet available. Treatment and control possibilities are challenging, and resistance to flukicide drugs is increasing. In addition, climate change with warmer and more humid weather will have a substantial effect on the establishment of both flukes and snails and will most likely increase the future distribution of F. hepatica.
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Costa M, Saravia A, Ubios D, Lores P, da Costa V, Festari MF, Landeira M, Rodríguez-Zraquia SA, Banchero G, Freire T. Liver function markers and haematological dynamics during acute and chronic phases of experimental Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle treated with triclabendazole. Exp Parasitol 2022; 238:108285. [PMID: 35654132 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica, a worldwide-distributed liver fluke, is one of the causative agents of fasciolosis, a zoonotic disease that affects livestock and humans. In livestock, fasciolosis causes huge economic losses worldwide, reducing animal fertility, milk production, weight gain and condemnation of livers. In spite of the availability of drugs, such as triclabendazole (TCZ), for the treatment of fasciolosis, they do not necessarily prevent liver damage or parasite reinfection and can eventually increase parasite resistance. The aim of this research was to relate the hepatic function, haematological parameters, leukocyte counts in circulation and parasite egg shedding during F. hepatica acute and chronic phases of infection in cattle as well as to determine how these parameters change with TCZ-treatment of chronically infected cattle. Our results show that increased levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) were detected in early stages of the experimental infection. Moreover, high circulating eosinophil count and plateletcrit levels were correlated with fluke number in livers from infected cattle. On the other hand, although TCZ-treatment in the chronic phase of infection reduced parasite burden and damage in the liver, it was not able to completely avoid them. In conclusion, our work sheds light into the physiopathological mechanisms induced during fluke infection in cattle, revealing the complexity of the host response to the infection, together with the effects of TCZ-treatment in chronically infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Costa
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Anderson Saravia
- Plataforma de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, km 11, Colonia, 70006, Uruguay
| | - Diego Ubios
- Programa de carne y lana, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, km 11, Colonia, 70006, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Lores
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria da Costa
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Florencia Festari
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mercedes Landeira
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago A Rodríguez-Zraquia
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Georgget Banchero
- Programa de carne y lana, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, km 11, Colonia, 70006, Uruguay
| | - Teresa Freire
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Fernandez-Baca MV, Hoban C, Ore RA, Ortiz P, Choi YJ, Murga-Moreno C, Mitreva M, Cabada MM. The Differences in the Susceptibility Patterns to Triclabendazole Sulfoxide in Field Isolates of Fasciola hepatica Are Associated with Geographic, Seasonal, and Morphometric Variations. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060625. [PMID: 35745479 PMCID: PMC9227168 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triclabendazole (TCBZ) resistance is an emerging problem in fascioliasis that is not well understood. Studies including small numbers of parasites fail to capture the complexity of susceptibility variations between and within Fasciolahepatica populations. As the first step to studying the complex resistant phenotype−genotype associations, we characterized a large sample of adult F. hepatica with diverging TCBZ susceptibility. We collected parasites from naturally infected livestock slaughtered in the Cusco and Cajamarca regions of Peru. These parasites were exposed to TCBZ sulfoxide (TCBZ.SO) in vitro to determine their susceptibility. We used a motility score to determine the parasite’s viability. We titrated drug concentrations and times to detect 20% non-viable (susceptible conditions) or 80% non-viable (resistant conditions) parasites. We exposed 3348 fully motile parasites to susceptible (n = 1565) or resistant (n = 1783) conditions. Three hundred and forty-one (21.8%) were classified as susceptible and 462 (25.9%) were classified as resistant. More resistant parasites were found in Cusco than in Cajamarca (p < 0.001). Resistant parasites varied by slaughterhouse (p < 0.001), month of the year (p = 0.008), fluke length (p = 0.016), and year of collection (p < 0.001). The in vitro susceptibility to TCBZ.SO in wildtype F. hepatica was associated with geography, season, and morphometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha V. Fernandez-Baca
- Sede Cusco, Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Alexander von Humboldt”, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Calle Jose Carlos Mariategui J-6, Wanchaq, Cusco 08002, Peru; (M.V.F.-B.); (R.A.O.)
| | - Cristian Hoban
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Avenida Atahualpa 1050, Cajamarca 06001, Peru; (C.H.); (P.O.); (C.M.-M.)
| | - Rodrigo A. Ore
- Sede Cusco, Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Alexander von Humboldt”, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Calle Jose Carlos Mariategui J-6, Wanchaq, Cusco 08002, Peru; (M.V.F.-B.); (R.A.O.)
| | - Pedro Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Avenida Atahualpa 1050, Cajamarca 06001, Peru; (C.H.); (P.O.); (C.M.-M.)
| | - Young-Jun Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, MSC 8051-0043-15, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - César Murga-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Avenida Atahualpa 1050, Cajamarca 06001, Peru; (C.H.); (P.O.); (C.M.-M.)
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, MSC 8051-0043-15, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Miguel M. Cabada
- Sede Cusco, Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Alexander von Humboldt”, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Calle Jose Carlos Mariategui J-6, Wanchaq, Cusco 08002, Peru; (M.V.F.-B.); (R.A.O.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (M.M.C.)
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Brown TL, Airs PM, Porter S, Caplat P, Morgan ER. Understanding the role of wild ruminants in anthelmintic resistance in livestock. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20220057. [PMID: 35506237 PMCID: PMC9065971 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild ruminants are susceptible to infection from generalist helminth species, which can also infect domestic ruminants. A better understanding is required of the conditions under which wild ruminants can act as a source of helminths (including anthelmintic-resistant genotypes) for domestic ruminants, and vice versa, with the added possibility that wildlife could act as refugia for drug-susceptible genotypes and hence buffer the spread and development of resistance. Helminth infections cause significant productivity losses in domestic ruminants and a growing resistance to all classes of anthelmintic drug escalates concerns around helminth infection in the livestock industry. Previous research demonstrates that drug-resistant strains of the pathogenic nematode Haemonchus contortus can be transmitted between wild and domestic ruminants, and that gastro-intestinal nematode infections are more intense in wild ruminants within areas of high livestock density. In this article, the factors likely to influence the role of wild ruminants in helminth infections and anthelmintic resistance in livestock are considered, including host population movement across heterogeneous landscapes, and the effects of climate and environment on parasite dynamics. Methods of predicting and validating suspected drivers of helminth transmission in this context are considered based on advances in predictive modelling and molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony L. Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Paul M. Airs
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Siobhán Porter
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Paul Caplat
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Eric R. Morgan
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Lamb J, Kahn L, Doyle E, Barwick J, Chambers M. Grazier perceptions and management practices for liver fluke control in north eastern NSW, Australia. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 29:100705. [PMID: 35256117 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A survey of livestock producers (graziers) located in north eastern NSW Australia, collected information on perceptions and management practices for liver fluke control in livestock. The total area farmed by the 161 respondents was 195,600 ha (ranging in size from 4 to 10,522 ha) with cattle and sheep being the dominant livestock enterprises. Overall, 80% of graziers relied exclusively on anthelmintics for liver fluke control and few of these graziers (9%) integrated parasite management (IPM) strategies to reduce disease prevalence. Of those relying on anthelmintic control, triclabendazole (TCBZ) was preferentially chosen by 75% of graziers. Fifty five percent of these graziers used TCBZ in combination with oxfendazole (46%), ivermectin (5%) or abamectin (4%) whilst 45% used TCBZ as a single active ingredient. Thirty eight percent of graziers drenched livestock one or more times per year for liver fluke despite claiming they had no liver fluke or confirmed knowledge of infection. Fifty one percent of graziers based anthelmintic dose on the known weight of the heaviest animal in the herd whilst 43% visually guessed livestock bodyweight to calculate anthelmintic dose. Choice of anthelmintic was predominately based on perceived efficacy (45%) despite very few graziers (2%) having conducted post-treatment fluke egg counts. The majority of graziers (76%) were unsure if they had anthelmintic resistance, 21% claimed they had no resistance whilst 3% of graziers had confirmed resistance. Most graziers (97%) also reported farms were cohabited by kangaroos highlighting additional grazing pressures on-farm. This current survey has revealed that graziers rely on anthelmintics as their primary choice for liver fluke control. Reluctance to adopt IPM strategies and a continued heavy reliance on TCBZ, whilst basing anthelmintic decisions on perception rather than measurement and testing, pose threats for the future control of liver fluke in livestock within this endemic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Lamb
- University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
| | - Lewis Kahn
- University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Emma Doyle
- University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Jamie Barwick
- University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia; Precision Agricultural Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Michael Chambers
- Invetus Pty Ltd, Locked Bag 6865, West Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
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Guo J, Zhang Y, Cheng H, Li D, Wang Z, Chen C, Yu Z, Deng Q, Wen Z. Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and biofilm formation by the anthelminthic drug, triclabendazole. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2022; 75:287-295. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-022-00515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Arroyo MI, Gómez L, Hernández C, Agudelo D, Galván-Diaz AL, Velásquez LE. Prevalencia de Fasciola hepatica y Paramphistomidae en bovinos de doble propósito en una hacienda del trópico bajo andino colombiano Digeneos en bovinos de doble propósito del trópico bajo andino colombiano. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y DE ZOOTECNIA 2022. [DOI: 10.15446/rfmvz.v69n1.101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
En muchos países la fasciolosis y paramfistomosis representan un grave problema para la salud del sector pecuario. En Colombia hay registros de ambas distomatosis en bovinos, de la mayoría del trópico alto andino, las cuales generan pérdidas económicas anuales cercanas a 40 000 000 000 COP. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de fasciolosis y paramfistomosis en vacunos de la hacienda La Candelaria, Caucasia (Colombia), y la presencia de caracoles hospederos intermediarios. Para cumplirlo, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se recolectaron heces de los animales y se hizo el diagnóstico mediante la técnica modificada de Dennis. Se establecieron las prevalencias de los digeneos de acuerdo con el sexo, peso, edad y raza. Se recolectaron caracoles dulciacuícolas en la zona estudiada y se identificaron por morfología. Se analizaron 466 muestras fecales de 178 bovinos, de las razas Cebú (Bos indicus), BON (blanco orejinegro) y del cruce entre ellas. Se diagnosticaron F. hepatica y Paramphistomidae con prevalencias del 2,2% y 30,9%, respectivamente. En el 1,1% de los vacunos se diagnosticó coinfección. Ambas trematodosis prevalecieron en las hembras (p = 0,03). Se identificaron moluscos dulciacuícolas Ampullariidae, Physidae y Planorbidae sin estadios larvarios de digeneos. Se concluyó que los bovinos de doble propósito de la hacienda La Candelaria están expuestos a F. hepatica y Paramphistomidae, y, probablemente, se infectan en los predios de la hacienda. Paramphistomidae es más prevalente que F. hepatica, lo cual concuerda con lo descrito en algunos estudios
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Tabari MA, Vahdati SAF, Samakkhah SA, Araghi A, Youssefi MR. Therapeutic efficacy of triclabendazole in comparison to combination of triclabendazole and levamisole in sheep naturally infected with Fasciola sp .. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:80-86. [PMID: 35299911 PMCID: PMC8901840 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01422-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is an important parasitic disease which affects productivity of ruminants, and imposes significant economic losses. Benzimidazoles are effective in the treatment of fascioliasis; however, there are several reports on benzimidazoles resistant flukes. Combinational therapy is an approach to delay the emergence of resistant flukes. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of triclabendazole (TBZ) and combination of triclabendazole and levamisole (TBZ + LVM) in the treatment of sheep naturally infected with Fasciola sp. For this purpose, 40 ewes infected with Fasciola sp. in three groups received TBZ, and TBZ + LVM, or remained untreated as CON. Fecal egg count (FEC), fecal egg count reduction (FECR), liver enzymes activity, albumin, globulin, and total protein levels were measured on day 0, 7, 14, and 28 post treatments. Obtained results showed that treatment with TBZ and TBZ + LVM resulted in significant reduction in FEC (P < 0.05), and FECR reached to values of higher than 90% on 28 day post treatment. The FEC for TBZ + LMV on day 7 and 14 were 12.25 ± 3.82 and 3.08 ± 1.03, respectively which was significantly lower in comparison to TBZ and CON (P < 0.05). Efficacy of TBZ + LMV was higher than TBZ on day 7 and 14 post treatment; however, no significant difference was observed on 28 day. The liver enzyme activities on days 7 and 14 were lower in the TBZ + LVM sheep in comparison to the TBZ and CON. Treatment with TBZ or TBZ + LVM resulted in an increase in albumin and a decrease in globulin. Over all, the present study clarified the importance of combinational therapy, and demonstrated that combination of TBZ + LVM resulted in higher efficacy and earlier improvement of liver conditions in sheep naturally infected with Fasciola sp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shohre Alian Samakkhah
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Atefeh Araghi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Youssefi
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Islamic Azad University, Babol-Branch, Babol, Iran ,Department of Medical Sciences, Comprehensive Health Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran
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Synergistic action of Viteselen with anti- Fasciola drug as a tool for improving fertility and hemato-biochemical biomarkers in Fasciola infected sheep. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:103-112. [PMID: 35299915 PMCID: PMC8901816 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciolosis causes public health problems and economic losses all over the world. The present study aimed to evaluate the synergistic action between Viteselen (anti-oxidant) and specific anti-Fasciola drug [Triclalbendazole (TCBZ)] for improving the body condition of F. gigantica naturally infected sheep with reference to some hematological and biochemical biomarkers in their sera. Animals were divided into five groups include G-1 as control non-infected animals, G-2 to G-5 are Fasciola naturally infected animals. G-2 are non-treated animals, G-3 treated with TCBZ, animals in G-4 were injected by Viteselen and those in G-5 were treated by both TCBZ and Viteselen. The results revealed a significant decrease in mean eggs in feces and F. gigantica circulating antigens (FCAg) in sera of TCBZ treated sheep after the 1st week post treatment. Complete disappearance of eggs from feces of drug treated groups was recorded at 21st d.p.t. While the value of FCAg decreased to negative at 14th d.p.t. The highest significant improvement (p < 0.05) in the estimated hematological parameters (RBCs, Hb and TLC), liver enzymes (AST and ALT), oxidative stress and anti-oxidant markers (TAC, MDA, SOD and GSH) and reproductive hormones (Progesterone and Estradiol) was recorded in animals in G-5 followed by G-3. While non-significant improvement was recorded in animals in G-4 in comparison with those in the control group. This improvement increased with increasing the time post treatment. In conclusion; using of Viteselen in association with specific anti-parasitic drug improved the general health parameters and reproductive performance of the investigated sheep.
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