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Jia W, Guo Z, Lv S, Lin K, Li Y. SbYS1 and SbWRKY72 regulate Cd tolerance and accumulation in sweet sorghum. PLANTA 2024; 259:100. [PMID: 38536457 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION SbYS1 and its upstream transcription factor SbWRKY72 were involved in Cd tolerance and accumulation and are valuable for developing sweet sorghum germplasm with high-Cd tolerance or accumulation ability through genetic manipulation. Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic and can severely affect human health. Sweet sorghum, as an energy crop, shows great potential in extracting cadmium from Cd-contaminated soils. However, its molecular mechanisms of Cd-tolerance and -accumulation remain largely unknown. Here, we isolated a YSL family gene SbYS1 from the sweet sorghum genotype with high Cd accumulation ability and the expression of SbYS1 in roots was induced by cadmium. GUS staining experiment exhibited that SbYS1 was expressed in the epidermis and parenchyma tissues of roots. Further subcellular localization analysis suggested that SbYS1 was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. Yeast transformed with SbYS1 exhibited a sensitive phenotype compared to the control when exposed to Cd-NA (chelates of cadmium and nicotianamine), indicating that SbYS1 may absorb cadmium in the form of Cd-NA. Arabidopsis overexpressing SbYS1 had a longer root length and accumulated less Cd in roots and shoots. SbWRKY72 bound to the promoter of SbYS1 and negatively regulated the expression of SbYS1. Transgenic Arabidopsis of SbWRKY72 showed higher sensitivity to cadmium and increased cadmium accumulation in roots. Our results provide references for improving the phytoremediation efficiency of sweet sorghum by genetic manipulation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 401122, China
| | - Zijing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sulian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Kangqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China.
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Kaushik S, Ranjan A, Sidhu A, Singh AK, Sirhindi G. Cadmium toxicity: its' uptake and retaliation by plant defence system and ja signaling. Biometals 2024:10.1007/s10534-023-00569-8. [PMID: 38206521 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd+2) renders multifarious environmental stresses and highly toxic to nearly all living organisms including plants. Cd causes toxicity by unnecessary augmentation of ROS that targets essential molecules and fundamental processes in plants. In response, plants outfitted a repertory of mechanisms to offset Cd toxicity. The main elements of these are Cd chelation, sequestration into vacuoles, and adjustment of Cd uptake by transporters and escalation of antioxidative mechanism. Signal molecules like phytohormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate the MAPK cascade, the activation of the antioxidant system andsynergistic crosstalk between different signal molecules in order to regulate plant responses to Cd toxicity. Transcription factors like WRKY, MYB, bHLH, bZIP, ERF, NAC etc., located downstream of MAPK, and are key factors in regulating Cd toxicity responses in plants. Apart from this, MAPK and Ca2+signaling also have a salient involvement in rectifying Cd stress in plants. This review highlighted the mechanism of Cd uptake, translocation, detoxification and the key role of defense system, MAPKs, Ca2+ signals and jasmonic acid in retaliating Cd toxicity via synchronous management of various other regulators and signaling components involved under stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Kaushik
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Alok Ranjan
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Patna Women's College, Bihar, 800001, India
| | - Anmol Sidhu
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Geetika Sirhindi
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
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3
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Dhaliwal SS, Sharma V, Shukla AK, Taneja PK, Kaur L, Verma V, Kaur M, Kaur J. Exploration of Cd transformations in Cd spiked and EDTA-chelated soil for phytoextraction by Brassica species. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8897-8909. [PMID: 35484423 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study of soil cadmium (Cd) fractionation has become the need of the hour due to phytoextraction of Cd heavy metal by indigenous Brassica species of northwest India. The present study was conducted to explore the Cd speciation in soils treated with Cd (0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 40.0, and 80.0 mg kg-1 soil) and synthetic chelate ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA-0, 1.0 and 2.0 g kg-1 soil) planted under three Brassica species (Brassica juncea L., Brassica campestris L., and Brassica napus L). The studied Cd fractions viz. exchangeable and water-soluble (EX + WS), carbonate (CARB), organic matter (OM), Mn oxide (MnOX), amorphous Fe oxide (AFeOX), crystalline Fe oxide (CFeOX), and residual (RES) differed in their Cd content in soils under three investigated Brassica species. Among all plantations, B. juncea reduced the highest soil Cd content of EX + WS form which reflected its bioavailability. The Cd supplementation significantly enhanced the Cd concentration in all Cd forms with EX + WS Cd form exhibiting higher increase even at low Cd level (5.0 mg kg-1), whereas the EDTA addition did not influence Cd fractions. The application of EDTA @ 1.0 g kg-1 soil proved beneficial as it enhanced the metal mobility for plant extraction. All species positively significantly correlated (r = 0.648** to 0.747**) with all Cd fractions but except B. juncea all confronted reduction in their total biomass. In nutshell, it suggested that Brassica species having large plant biomass could be considered as a potential candidate for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
| | | | | | - Lovedeep Kaur
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Vibha Verma
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Manmeet Kaur
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Janpriya Kaur
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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4
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Barroso JP, de Almeida AAF, do Nascimento JL, Oliveira BRM, Dos Santos IC, Mangabeira PAO, Ahnert D, Baligar VC. The damage caused by Cd toxicity to photosynthesis, cellular ultrastructure, antioxidant metabolism, and gene expression in young cacao plants are mitigated by high Mn doses in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:115646-115665. [PMID: 37884715 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is one of the essential mineral micronutrients most demanded by cacao. Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to plants and other living beings. There are indications that Mn can interact with Cd and mitigate its toxicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the action of Mn on the toxic effect of Cd in young plants of the CCN 51 cacao genotype, subjected to different doses of Mn, Cd, and Mn+Cd in soil, through physiological, biochemical, molecular, and micromorphological and ultrastructural changes. High soil Mn doses favored the maintenance and performance of adequate photosynthetic processes in cacao. However, high doses of Cd and Mn+Cd in soil promoted damage to photosynthesis, alterations in oxidative metabolism, and the uptake, transport, and accumulation of Cd in roots and leaves. In addition, high Cd concentrations in roots and leaf tissues caused irreversible damage to the cell ultrastructure, compromising cell function and leading to programmed cell death. However, there was a mitigation of Cd toxicity when cacao was grown in soils with low Cd doses and in the presence of Mn. Thus, damage to the root and leaf tissues of cacao caused by Cd uptake from contaminated soils can be attenuated or mitigated by the presence of high Mn doses in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joedson Pinto Barroso
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, Highway Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Alex-Alan Furtado de Almeida
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, Highway Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil.
| | - Junea Leandro do Nascimento
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, Highway Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Rafaela Machado Oliveira
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, Highway Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Ivanildes Conceição Dos Santos
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, Highway Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | | | - Dário Ahnert
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, Highway Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Virupax C Baligar
- USDA-ARS-Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Beltsville, Beltsville, MD, USA
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Haritash AK. Cadmium Uptake From Soil by Ornamental Metallophytes: A Meta-analytical Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 71:1087-1097. [PMID: 36573998 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution by cadmium (Cd) is a serious issue worldwide affecting environmental and human health. Conventional chemical and physical methods of treating contaminated soil are costly, time-consuming, and less effective. Phytoremediation using ornamental plants is a safe and effective method for the treatment of heavy metal-polluted soil due to their rapid growth and accumulation of biomass, high heavy metal tolerance, and non-edible nature. The present study is the first attempt for the meta-analysis of existing literature on Cd accumulation and translocation by ornamental plants. The uptake and transfer capacity of ornamental plants was measured using the bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF). The results indicate that ornamental plants have varying Cd-absorption capacities. Among the 49 plant species identified from 31 articles, Helianthus annuus (BCF = 5.785), Impatiens glandulifera (BCF = 4.722), and Crassocephalum crepidioides (BCF = 3.623) represented higher accumulation capacity, whereas Rorippa globosa (TF = 1.653) and Sedum spectabile Boreau (TF = 1.579) represented significantly higher translocation capacity for Cd. The contribution of various environmental factors in influencing BCF was obtained through multiple linear regression analysis. Results showed that soil pH was the major factor influencing the BCF. To further explain the influence of four main factors that are soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and soil Cd concentration on the accumulation efficiency of ornamental plants, a subgroup meta-analysis was performed. Results of the subgroup meta-analysis revealed that the BCF is negatively correlated with the soil pH and SOM, while the estimated limit of soil Cd concentration for growing ornamental plants was up to 50 mg/kg. Results of this study indicate that choosing a native hyperaccumulator is not the sole key to the success of a phytoremediation design, rather the conditions of the pedosphere will determine the regulating factor for efficient removal. In order to overcome the issue of recirculation and gradual release in the rhizosphere, it is important to match the type of hyperaccumulators to the soil environment (pH, CEC, SOM, etc.) to achieve maximum translocation and desired removal. This study will help researchers to pair the right plant with environmental conditions and customize more efficient phytoremediation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Haritash
- Environmental Microbiology and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, 110042, India
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6
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de Souza Viana LM, Constantino WD, Tostes ECL, Luze FHR, de Barros Salomão MSM, de Jesus TB, de Carvalho CEV. Seasonal variation, contribution and dynamics of trace elements in the drainage basin and estuary of the Serinhaém river, BA. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114653. [PMID: 36764148 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study a mass balance calculation was used to quantify trace elements (Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ti, V and Zn) fluxes exported from the Serinhaém River estuary to the Atlantic Ocean. The studied elements exportation in the particulate fraction showed higher fluxes in the first sampling campaign and a high export rate to the Atlantic Ocean during this period. The physical-chemical parameters showed the highest values in sampling campaign 1. These variations are probably the cause of the different trace elements behavior in fluvial and estuarine areas, where removal and addition processes between particulate and dissolved phases took place, affecting distribution coefficient and fluxes to the Atlantic Ocean. EPA ecosystems present values in accordance with Brazilian legislation for pristine areas, however, monitoring programs must be carried out in the region, to avoid future environmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Maria de Souza Viana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, CEP: 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Wendel Dias Constantino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, CEP: 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eloá Côrrea Lessa Tostes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, CEP: 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Henrique Rossi Luze
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, CEP: 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Sarmet Moreira de Barros Salomão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, CEP: 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taíse Bonfim de Jesus
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Veiga de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, CEP: 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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7
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Ashrafi F, Heidari A, Farzam M, Karimi A, Amini M. The interactions of Cr (VI) concentrations and amendments (biochar and manure) on growth and metal accumulation of two species of Salicornia in contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:201-218. [PMID: 35896883 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are among the most dangerous contaminants in the environment. Organic components and plant species that can accumulate and stabilize heavy metals in their organs are a good option for soil remediation of these elements. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of manure and biochar on the accumulation of heavy metals by Salicornia species. Salicornia persica Akhani and Salicornia perspolitana Akhani were cultivated outdoor in experimental pots. The effects of experimental treatments, including Cr (VI) concentrations, manure, and biochar on the two studied species, were investigated. The results indicated a significant effect (p < 0.05) of biochar on the accumulation of heavy metals by two species, S. persica and S. perspolitana, so that Cr concentrations in the roots and shoots were 258 and 5.41 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, Cr accumulations under manure treatments in the roots and shoots were 334.34 and 9.79 mg/kg, respectively. The content of photosynthetic pigments in both S. persica and S. perspolitana species under biochar treatment was higher than in control and manure treatments. In general, one can conclude that the accumulation of Cr in S. perspolitana was higher than in S. persica. Applying biochar and manure amendments could stabilize Cr in soil and reduce Cr accumulation in both S. persica and S. perspolitana species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahime Ashrafi
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ava Heidari
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Farzam
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Karimi
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Amini
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, P.O. Box: 8767161167, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran.
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Ma YS, Jie HD, Zhao L, Lv XY, Liu XC, Tang YY, Zhang Y, He PL, Xing HC, Jie YC. Identification of the Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylase/Hydrolase ( XTH) Gene Family Members Expressed in Boehmeria nivea in Response to Cadmium Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416104. [PMID: 36555743 PMCID: PMC9785722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) genes play an important role in plant resistance to abiotic stress. However, systematic studies of the response of Boehmeria nivea (ramie) XTH genes (BnXTHs) to cadmium (Cd) stress are lacking. We sought to identify the BnXTH-family genes in ramie through bioinformatics analyses and to investigate their responses to Cd stress. We identified 19 members of the BnXTH gene family from the ramie genome, referred to as BnXTH1-19, among which BnXTH18 and BnXTH19 were located on no chromosomes and the remaining genes were unevenly distributed across 11 chromosomes. The 19 members were divided into four groups, Groups I/II/IIIA/IIIB, according to their phylogenetic relationships, and these groups were supported by analyses of intron-exon structure and conserved motif composition. A highly conserved catalytic site (HDEIDFEFLG) was observed in all BnXTH proteins. Additionally, three gene pairs (BnXTH6-BnXTH16, BnXTH8-BnXTH9, and BnXTH17-BnXTH18) were obtained with a fragment and tandem-repeat event analysis of the ramie genome. An analysis of cisregulatory elements revealed that BnXTH expression might be regulated by multiple hormones and abiotic and biotic stress responses. In particular, 17 cisregulatory elements related to abiotic and biotic stress responses and 11 cisregulatory elements related to hormone responses were identified. We also found that most BnXTH genes responded to Cd stress, and BnXTH1, BnXTH3, BnXTH6, and BnXTH15 were most likely to contribute to the Cd tolerance of ramie, as evidenced by the substantial increases in expression under Cd treatment. Heterologous expression of BnXTH1, BnXTH6, and BnXTH15 significantly enhanced the Cd tolerance of transgenic yeast cells. These results suggest that the BnXTH gene family is involved in Cd stress responses, laying a theoretical foundation for functional studies of BnXTH genes and the innovative breeding of Cd-tolerant ramie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shen Ma
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hong-Dong Jie
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Long Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xue-Ying Lv
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yan-Yi Tang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Peng-Liang He
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hu-Cheng Xing
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Grass Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Jie
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Grass Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Gao Y, Duan Z, Zhang L, Sun D, Li X. The Status and Research Progress of Cadmium Pollution in Rice- ( Oryza sativa L.) and Wheat- ( Triticum aestivum L.) Cropping Systems in China: A Critical Review. TOXICS 2022; 10:794. [PMID: 36548627 PMCID: PMC9783001 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of cadmium in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a serious threat to the safe use of farmland and to the health of the human diet that has attracted extensive attention from researchers. In this review, a bibliometric analysis was performed using a VOS viewer (1.6.18, Netherlands) to investigate the status of cadmium contamination in rice and wheat growing systems, human health risks, mechanisms of Cd uptake and transport, and the corresponding research hotspots. It has a certain reference value for the prevention and control of cadmium pollution in rice and wheat planting systems in China and abroad. The results showed that the Cd content in rice and wheat planting systems in the Yangtze River Basin was significantly higher than that in other areas of China, and the Cd content in rice and wheat grains and the hazard quotient (HQ) in Hunan Province was the highest. The average Cd concentration exceeded the recommended limit by about 62% for rice and 81% for wheat. The main reasons for the high Cd pollution in rice and wheat growing areas in Hunan are mining activities, phosphate fertilizer application, sewage irrigation, and electronic equipment manufacturing. In this review, we demonstrate that cadmium toxicity reduces the uptake and transport of essential elements in rice and wheat. Cadmium stress seriously affected the growth and morphology of plant roots. In the shoots, Cd toxicity was manifested by a series of physiological injuries, such as decreased photosynthesis, soluble protein, sugar, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Cadmium that accumulates in the shoots is transferred to grains and then passes up the food chain to people and animals. Therefore, methods for reducing cadmium content in grains of rice and wheat are urgently needed, especially in Cd-contaminated soil. Current research on Cd pollution in rice and wheat planting systems focuses on the bioavailability of Cd, soil rhizosphere changes in wheat and rice, and the role of antioxidant enzyme systems in alleviating heavy metal stress in rice and wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zengqiang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Da Sun
- Technology Extension Station of Agriculture and Fisheries of Nanhu District of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314051, China
| | - Xun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Piršelová B, Galuščáková Ľ, Lengyelová L, Kubová V, Jandová V, Hegrová J. Assessment of the Hormetic Effect of Arsenic on Growth and Physiology of Two Cultivars of Maize ( Zea mays L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3433. [PMID: 36559544 PMCID: PMC9781677 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although growth stimulation at low arsenic doses was observed in several plants, few studies have focused on this phenomenon in more detail. The effects of different concentrations of arsenic (0-50 mg kg-1 of soil: As0-As50) on the growth and selected physiological parameters of two maize cultivars (Zea mays L. cvs. Chapalu and MvNK 333) were tested. Cultivar MvNK 333 manifested a generally higher tolerance to As than cv. Chapalu, which may be related to the lower content of As in the tissues. The highest stimulatory effect of As was recorded at doses of As1 and As2 (cv. Chapalu), and at the As5 dose (MvNK 333), there was an increase in shoot elongation, biomass, and relative water content (RWC), as well as the content of photosynthetic pigments. The stimulatory effect of lower doses of As apparently represents an adaptation mechanism that is associated with water content regulation in the given conditions. The stomata of the studied cultivars were involved in this regulation in different ways. While cv. Chapalu exhibited increased numbers of stomata on both sides of leaves, cv. MvNK 333 instead responded to the given conditions with decreased stomata size. Although hormetic manifestations closely related to changes in stomatal number and size were observed, a typical stomatal hormetic response was not observed in the given range of As doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Piršelová
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nábrežie mládeže 91, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Galuščáková
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nábrežie mládeže 91, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Libuša Lengyelová
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nábrežie mládeže 91, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Kubová
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nábrežie mládeže 91, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Vilma Jandová
- Transport Research Centre, Líšeňská 33a, 636 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Hegrová
- Transport Research Centre, Líšeňská 33a, 636 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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11
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Rana D, Arcoverde Cerveira Sterner V, Potluri AK, May Z, Müller B, Solti Á, Rudnóy S, Sipos G, Gyuricza C, Fodor F. S-Methylmethionine Effectively Alleviates Stress in Szarvasi-1 Energy Grass by Reducing Root-to-Shoot Cadmium Translocation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2979. [PMID: 36365431 PMCID: PMC9654709 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
S-methylmethionine (SMM) is a universal metabolite of higher plants derived from L-methionine that has an approved priming effect under different types of abiotic and biotic stresses. Szarvasi-1 energy grass (Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus cv. Szarvasi-1) is a biomass plant increasingly applied in phytoremediation to stabilize or extract heavy metals. In this study, Szarvasi-1 was grown in a nutrient solution. As a priming agent, SMM was applied in 0.02, 0.05 and 0.1 mM concentrations prior to 0.01 mM Cd addition. The growth and physiological parameters, as well as the accumulation pattern of Cd and essential mineral nutrients, were investigated. Cd exposure decreased the root and shoot growth, chlorophyll concentration, stomatal conductance, photosystem II function and increased the carotenoid content. Except for stomatal conductance, SMM priming had a positive effect on these parameters compared to Cd treatment without priming. In addition, it decreased the translocation and accumulation of Cd. Cd treatment decreased K, Mg, Mn, Zn and P in the roots, and K, S, Cu and Zn in the shoots compared to the untreated control. SMM priming changed the pattern of nutrient uptake, of which Fe showed characteristic accumulation in the roots in response to increasing SMM concentrations. We have concluded that SMM priming exerts a positive effect on Cd-stressed Szarvasi-1 plants, which retained their physiological performance and growth. This ameliorative effect is suggested to be based on, at least partly, the lower root-to-shoot Cd translocation by the upregulated Fe uptake and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Rana
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Lane 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Lane 1/a, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vitor Arcoverde Cerveira Sterner
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Lane 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Lane 1/a, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aravinda Kumar Potluri
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Lane 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biological Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Lane 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán May
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar Tudósok Blvd. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Müller
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Lane 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Solti
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Lane 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Rudnóy
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Lane 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyula Sipos
- Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Szabadság Street 30, 5540 Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Csaba Gyuricza
- Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly Street 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fodor
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Lane 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly Street 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
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12
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El-Saadani Z, Mingqi W, He Z, Hamukwaya SL, Abdel Wahed MSM, Abu Khatita A. Environmental Geochemistry and Fractionation of Cadmium Metal in Surficial Bottom Sediments and Water of the Nile River, Egypt. TOXICS 2022; 10:221. [PMID: 35622635 PMCID: PMC9146415 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) pollute the environment. Heavy metal pollution endangers the Nile River since it serves as an irrigation and freshwater source for the cities and farms that line its banks. Water and sediment samples from the Nile River were tested for Cd content. In addition, a sequential experiment analytical method was performed to determine the metal's relative mobility. According to the data, there is an average of 0.16 mg kg-1 of Cd in sediments. The BeniSuef water treatment plant and brick factory, the iron and steel factory of Helwan, the oil and detergent factory of Sohag, and the discharge of the cement factory in Samalut had the greatest concentration of Cd in their vicinity. According to the risk assessment code, there are four categories of Cd: residual (57.91%), acid-soluble (27.11%), reducible (11.84%), and oxidizable (3.14%). Bioavailable and mobile Cd levels in sediment and water were found in Beni Suef, Aswan; Helwan; Samalut; Sohag; and Helwan. Because the other metal is highly bioavailable, its concentration is not a risk factor at the Samalut station. Cd's toxicity and bioaccumulation make it an extra hazard to aquatic animals and human life. There should be a deterministic approach to monitoring Cd near industrial sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zozo El-Saadani
- Earth Science and Resources Department, China University of Geoscience, Beijing 100083, China;
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Wang Mingqi
- Earth Science and Resources Department, China University of Geoscience, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Zhang He
- Earth Science and Resources Department, China University of Geoscience, Beijing 100083, China;
| | | | | | - Atef Abu Khatita
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Nasr City 11651, Egypt;
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 344, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Qadri H, Uqab B, Javeed O, Dar GH, Bhat RA. Ceratophyllum demersum-An accretion biotool for heavy metal remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150548. [PMID: 34597963 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater habitats are under serious threat due to the diverse pressures of development and restoration of these ecosystems is an important challenge in the present era. With a number of scientifically advanced methods available for restoration of these systems, phytoremediation finds its unique space as an ecologically sustainable technique. In this paper, a case study of Certophyllum demersum as a tool of heavy metal remediation in Dal lake, a natural freshwater system in Kashmir, India is presented. At all concentrations (2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm) the metal accumulation efficiency of C. demersum is of the order of Co2+ > Cd2+ > Mn2+ followed by other metals. The carbohydrate- protein plot reveals positive correlation (0.696) with the heavy metal uptake while the lipid-protein plot overall shows a weak correlation (0.296) and the carbohydrate-lipid plot shows an insignificant correlation (0.019). The results of the present study revealed attenuation of protein levels at low doses which lowered with increased heavy metal concentrations. Further, the overall lipid and carbohydrate content of the cultured C. demersum displayed a general decline with a rise in the concentration of heavy metals The overall study indicates the efficiency of C. demersum to adapt in polluted conditions and its potential to remove heavy metals for sustainable restoration of the degraded aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Qadri
- Sri Pratap College, School of Sciences, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar-1, India.
| | - Baba Uqab
- Sri Pratap College, School of Sciences, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar-1, India
| | - Ovais Javeed
- Sri Pratap College, School of Sciences, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar-1, India
| | - Gowhar Hamid Dar
- Sri Pratap College, School of Sciences, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar-1, India
| | - Rouf Ahmad Bhat
- Sri Pratap College, School of Sciences, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar-1, India
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14
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Rahi AA, Younis U, Ahmed N, Ali MA, Fahad S, Sultan H, Zarei T, Danish S, Taban S, El Enshasy HA, Tamunaidu P, Alotaibi JM, Alharbi SA, Datta R. Toxicity of Cadmium and nickel in the context of applied activated carbon biochar for improvement in soil fertility. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:743-750. [PMID: 35197740 PMCID: PMC8847926 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity induced by heavy metals deteriorates soil fertility status. It also adversely affects the growth and yield of crops. These heavy metals become part of the food chain when crops are cultivated in areas where heavy metals are beyond threshold limits. Cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) are considered the most notorious ones among different heavy metals. The high water solubility of Cd made it a potential toxin for plants and their consumers. Accumulation of Ni in plants, leaves, and fruits also deteriorates their quality and causes cancer in humans when such a Ni-contaminated diet is used regularly. Both Cd and Ni also compete with essential nutrients of plants, making the fertility status of soil poor. To overcome this problem, the use of activated carbon biochar can play a milestone role. In the recent past application of activated carbon biochar is gaining more and more attention. Biochar sorb the Cd and Ni and releases essential micronutrients that are part of its structure. Many micropores and high cation exchange capacity make it the most acceptable organic amendment to improve soil fertility and immobilize Cd and Ni. In addition to improving water and nutrients, soil better microbial proliferation enhances the soil rhizosphere ecosystem and nutrient cycling. This review has covered Cd and Ni harmful effects on crop yield and their immobilization by activated carbon biochar. The focus was made to elaborate on the positive effects of biochar on crop yield and soil health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad Rahi
- Pesticide Quality Control Laboratory, Multan, 60000 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Younis
- Department of Botany, University of Central Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Niaz Ahmed
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif Ali
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.,Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Haider Sultan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tayebeh Zarei
- Laboratory of Tropical and Mediterranean Symbioses, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Punjab Pakistan.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Süleyman Taban
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hesham Ali El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Pramila Tamunaidu
- Malaysia-Japan Advanced Research Centre (MJARC), Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jamal M Alotaibi
- Department of agricultural Extension and Rural society, College of food sciences and agriculture, King Saud University Riyadh, PO Box 2460, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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15
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Zheng R, Teng W, Hu Y, Hou X, Shi D, Tian X, Scullion J, Wu J. Cadmium uptake by a hyperaccumulator and three Pennisetum grasses with associated rhizosphere effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:1845-1857. [PMID: 34363165 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pennisetum grasses (P. purpureum Schumach. 'Purple', P. alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. 'Liren' and P. alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. 'Changsui'), and a cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator (Thlaspi caerulescens J.Presl & C.Presl), were grown in soil with four Cd addition levels of 0, 2, 20 and 200 mg/kg. Toxicity symptoms were not observed although growth of all plants decreased as Cd addition increased. Shoot bioconcentration factor (BCFS), the translocation factor (TF) and shoot accumulation of Cd for most plants first increased and then declined as Cd concentrations increased. In contrast, the root bioconcentration factor (BCFR) for T. caerulescens declined and root Cd accumulation for T. caerulescens and two P. alopecuroides cultivars increased consistently as Cd levels increased. P. purpureum had the largest biomass with shoot Cd accumulation similar to that of T. caerulescens, despite lower foliar Cd concentration. Although shoot Cd concentrations of two P. alopecuroides cultivars were lower than for P. purpureum, root Cd concentrations were greater. P. purpureum had Cd BCFS and TF (> 1) at 2- and 20-mg/kg Cd addition treatments, similar to T. caerulescens. P. alopecuroides cultivars had Cd BCFR (> 1) and TF (< 1) at all Cd levels. Roots did not affect rhizosphere pH. However, concentrations of acid extractable Cd in rhizosphere soil were lower than those of corresponding non-rhizosphere soil at all Cd levels for T. caerulescens and P. purpureum; T. caerulescens and P. purpureum did not affect less bioavailable Cd fractions. Concentrations of acid extractable Cd in the rhizosphere of the P. alopecuroides cultivars were not reduced at any Cd level. Differences in Cd accumulation among the three Pennisetum grasses were mainly attributable to root biomass and Cd TFs rather than rhizosphere Cd mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilun Zheng
- Research & Development Centre for Grasses and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Teng
- Research & Development Centre for Grasses and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Hu
- Research & Development Centre for Grasses and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Xincun Hou
- Research & Development Centre for Grasses and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Shi
- Research & Development Centre for Grasses and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Tian
- Research & Development Centre for Grasses and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - John Scullion
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Juying Wu
- Research & Development Centre for Grasses and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Kumar PS, Gayathri R, Rathi BS. A review on adsorptive separation of toxic metals from aquatic system using biochar produced from agro-waste. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131438. [PMID: 34252804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water is a basic and significant asset for living beings. Water assets are progressively diminishing due to huge populace development, industrial activities, urbanization and rural exercises. Few heavy metals include zinc, copper, lead, nickel, cadmium and so forth can easily transfer into the water system either direct or indirect activities of electroplating, mining, tannery, painting, fertilizer industries and so forth. The different treatment techniques have been utilized to eliminate the heavy metals from aquatic system, which includes coagulation/flocculation, precipitation, membrane filtration, oxidation, flotation, ion exchange, photo catalysis and adsorption. The adsorption technique is a better option than other techniques because it can eliminate heavy metals even at lower metal ions concentration, simplicity and better regeneration behavior. Agricultural wastes are low-cost biosorbent and typically containing cellulose have the ability to absorb a variety of contaminants. It is important to note that almost all agro wastes are no longer used in their original form but are instead processed in a variety of techniques to improve the adsorption capacity of the substance. The wide range of adsorption capacities for agro waste materials were observed and almost more than 99% removal of toxic pollutants from aquatic systems were achieved using modified agro-waste materials. The present review aims at the water pollution due to heavy metals, as well as various heavy metal removal treatment procedures. The primary objectives of this research is to include an overview of adsorption and various agriculture based adsorbents and its comparison in heavy metal removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| | - R Gayathri
- Tamilnadu Pollution Control Board, Guindy, Chennai, 600032, India
| | - B Senthil Rathi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, 600119, India
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17
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Moawad AM, Hassan FM, Sabry Abdelfattah D, Basyoni HAM. Long non-coding RNA ENST00000414355 as a biomarker of cadmium exposure regulates DNA damage and apoptosis. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:745-751. [PMID: 34794365 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211048168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to cadmium (Cd) may induce severe effects in different organs. Recent studies suggest that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of Cd-related diseases. This study evaluated the use of lncRNA (ENST00000414355) as an expression signature of Cd exposure and assessed its ability to modulate DNA damage and apoptosis by measuring the expression of ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in Cd-exposed workers. A total of 139 (74 non-smokers and 65 smokers) participants from a Cd battery manufacturer were included in the study. Venous blood samples were collected to determine the blood Cd level and detect blood ENST00000414355 and its target gene (ATM) using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Mitochondrial membrane potential was used to assess the Cd effect on mitochondrial permeability. Our results indicated a significant positive correlation between blood Cd level and lncRNA-ENST00000414355 and ATM expression and a significant negative correlation between blood Cd level and ΔΨm (p < 0.0001). Moreover, significant correlations were observed between the expression of lncRNA-ENST00000414355 and ATM expression and ΔΨm (p < 0.0001). Statistical significance was found in the blood Cd level, lncRNA-ENST00000414355 expression, ATM expression, and ΔΨm (p < 0.0001) between smokers and non-smokers. This study confirmed the upregulation of the lncRNA-ENST00000414355 expression, DNA damage-checkpoint-related gene (ATM), and decreased ΔΨm in Cd-exposed workers. Thus, lncRNA-ENST00000414355 may serve as a valuable biomarker for the exposure and toxicity of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Mohammad Moawad
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, 63527Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, 63527Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry Abdelfattah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 63527Cairo University and Badr University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda Ahmed Mohamed Basyoni
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, 63527Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Song W, Wang J, Zhai L, Ge L, Hao S, Shi L, Lian C, Chen C, Shen Z, Chen Y. A meta-analysis about the accumulation of heavy metals uptake by Sedum alfredii and Sedum plumbizincicola in contaminated soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:744-752. [PMID: 34493098 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1970103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sedum alfredii and Sedum plumbizincicola typically have high heavy metal (such as Zn and Cd) accumulation capacities with fast growth rates and relatively high Pb tolerance in contaminated soils. We compared the accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in Sedum species through meta-analysis. Furthermore, we analyzed the effects of soil organic matter (SOM) and soil pH on Cd, Pb and Zn accumulation by S. alfredii and S. plumbizincicola and the correlation between various metals. Results showed that the accumulations of Cd and Zn in shoots were higher than that of roots, but Pb accumulated in roots more than shoots. Moreover, there is a significant positive correlation between the accumulation of Zn and Cd in shoots. We found that the heavy metal accumulation rate in shoots was higher with lower soil pH. Sedum species had the highest Cd adsorption capacity in 20-30 g/kg SOM and the highest Zn adsorption capacity in SOM less than 20 g/kg. The accumulation rate of Cd in shoots of S. plumbizincicola was increased with exposure time, while the accumulation rate of Zn was slightly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyu Song
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Zhai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liqiang Ge
- Technical Innovation Center of Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Project on Land (arable), Ministry of Natural Resources, Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Shefeng Hao
- Technical Innovation Center of Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Project on Land (arable), Ministry of Natural Resources, Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlan Lian
- Asian Natural Environment Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Černe M, Palčić I, Major N, Pasković I, Perković J, Užila Z, Filipović V, Romić M, Goreta Ban S, Jaćimović R, Benedik L, Heath DJ, Ban D. Effect of sewage sludge derived compost or biochar amendment on the phytoaccumulation of potentially toxic elements and radionuclides by Chinese cabbage. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112955. [PMID: 34102505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study set out to evaluate the effect of using sewage sludge-derived compost (SSC) or biochar (SSB) as a soil amendment on the phytoaccumulation of potentially toxic elements, PTE (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) and natural radionuclides (238U and 232Th) by Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt) in terra rossa and rendzina soils, which are the two common soil types in Croatia. The experiment consisted of a greenhouse pot trial using a three-factor design where soil type, sludge post-stabilisation procedure and amendment rate (12 and 120 mgP/L) were the main factors. At harvest, the concentrations of analytes in the substrate, leaves and roots were measured, from which the edible tissue uptake (ETU) and concentration ratios (CR) were determined. Also, the average daily dose (ADD) and hazard quotient (HQ) were determined to assess the health risk, as well as soil contamination factor (CF). The results showed that neither adding SSC nor SSB affected the soil loading at the rates applied, suggesting a low risk of soil contamination (CF ≤ 1). The ETU of Cd, Cu, and Zn were 0.0061, 1.23, and 0.91 mg/plant from compost-amended soil and 0.0046, 0.78 and 0.65 mg/plant for biochar-amended soil, respectively. This difference suggests that their ETU was higher in compost-amended soils than in soils treated with biochar. The CR data indicate that the bioavailability of Cu (CR of 5.30) is highest at an amendment rate of 12 mgP/L, while for Zn (CR of 0.69), the highest bioaccumulation was observed with an amendment rate of 120 mgP/L. Translocation of Cr, Ni, Pb and 238U to the leaves was limited. Overall, the HQ (<1) for Cd, Cu and Zn in the edible parts confirmed that consuming Chinese cabbage does not threaten human health. Similarly, the daily intake of 232Th remained below the limit (3 μg) set by ICRP, suggesting no radiological risk. Finally, although the amendment rate, which was 10-times the amount stipulated in Croatian regulation and the CR ranged from 0.007 to 5.30, the precautionary principle is advised, and the long-term impact of sewage sludge derived compost or biochar on different plant groups (incl. root vegetables) at the field-scale is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Černe
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Igor Palčić
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nikola Major
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Igor Pasković
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia.
| | - Josipa Perković
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia.
| | - Zoran Užila
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vilim Filipović
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marija Romić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Smiljana Goreta Ban
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Radojko Jaćimović
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ljudmila Benedik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - David John Heath
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Dean Ban
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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20
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Usage of Si, P, Se, and Ca Decrease Arsenic Concentration/Toxicity in Rice, a Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11178090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important routes for arsenic to enter the human food chain and threatens more than half of the world’s population. In addition, arsenic-contaminated soils and waters increase the concentration of this element in various tissues of rice plants. Thus, direct or indirect—infecting livestock and poultry—increase diseases such as respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and ultimately death in the long term. Therefore, finding different ways to reduce the uptake and transfer of arsenic by rice would reduce the contamination of rice plants with this dangerous element and improve animal and human nutrition and ultimately disease and mortality. In this article, we aim to take a small step in improving sustainable life on earth by referring to the various methods that researchers have taken to reduce rice contamination by arsenic in recent years. Adding micronutrients and macronutrients as fertilizer for rice is one way to improve this plant’s growth and health. In this study, by examining two types of macronutrients and two types of micronutrients, their role in reducing arsenic toxicity and absorption was investigated. Therefore, both calcium and phosphorus were selected from the macronutrients, and selenium and silicon were selected from the micronutrients, whose roles in previous studies had been investigated.
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Gao MY, Chen XW, Huang WX, Wu L, Yu ZS, Xiang L, Mo CH, Li YW, Cai QY, Wong MH, Li H. Cell wall modification induced by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus enhanced cadmium fixation in rice root. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125894. [PMID: 34492832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of root cell wall of rice could be changed by inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate the roles of such changes on cadmium (Cd) uptake and distribution in rice. Results showed that inoculation of AM fungus Rhizophagus intraradices (RI) significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) shoot biomass, plant height and root length of rice, and decreased Cd concentration in shoot and root under Cd stress. Moreover, Cd in root was mainly found in pectin and hemicellulose 1 (HC1) components of root cell wall. Inoculation of RI increased the levels of pectin, HC1 and lignin content, accompanied by the increments of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities. Results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy further showed that more hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in root cell wall were observed in mycorrhizal treatment, compared with control. This study demonstrates that cell wall components could be the locations for Cd fixation, which reduced Cd transportation from root to shoot. Inoculation of AMF may remodel root cell wall biosynthesis and affect the characteristics of Cd fixation. The entering and fixing mechanisms should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ying Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xun Wen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Xiong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zheng Sheng Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ce Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Romero-Puertas MC, Terrón-Camero LC, Peláez-Vico MÁ, Molina-Moya E, Sandalio LM. An update on redox signals in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress crosstalk: insights from cadmium and fungal pathogen interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5857-5875. [PMID: 34111283 PMCID: PMC8355756 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Complex signalling pathways are involved in plant protection against single and combined stresses. Plants are able to coordinate genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming and display a unique programme of transcriptional responses to a combination of stresses that differs from the response to single stresses. However, a significant overlap between pathways and some defence genes in the form of shared and general stress-responsive genes appears to be commonly involved in responses to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as redox signals, are key molecules involved at the crossroads of the perception of different stress factors and the regulation of both specific and general plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we focus on crosstalk between plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, in addition to possible plant protection against pathogens caused by previous abiotic stress. Bioinformatic analyses of transcriptome data from cadmium- and fungal pathogen-treated plants focusing on redox gene ontology categories were carried out to gain a better understanding of common plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. The role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the complex network involved in plant responses to changes in their environment is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura C Terrón-Camero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine “López-Neyra” (IPBLN-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Peláez-Vico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Molina-Moya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
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23
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Zou M, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Jia Z, Guo T, Wang J. Cadmium pollution of soil-rice ecosystems in rice cultivation dominated regions in China: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 280:116965. [PMID: 33774546 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cd accumulation in paddy soils and its subsequent transfer to the food chain are widespread environmental issues, which has been extensively investigated in China. However, most studies focused on regional scales and these results may not be applicable to present the Cd contamination status in soil-rice ecosystems at a national scale. Therefore, based on collected data from China's rice cultivation dominated regions, this study provides the Cd pollution level of paddy soils and rice grains in China. Results indicates that the Yangtze River basin, especially Hunan, required more attention due to the elevated Cd concentrations in soil-rice ecosystems. Moreover, this review summarizes the significant natural and anthropogenic sources, transport and accumulation mechanism as well as the influencing factors of Cd in soil-rice ecosystems. The wide occurrence of Cd contamination in paddy soils derived primarily from mining activities, intensive application of phosphates fertilizers and e-waste. Physicochemical characteristics of soil, soil microorganisms, temperature as well as the physiological features of rice plants all contribute to Cd accumulation in rice grains, which can be controlled to mitigate Cd accumulation in rice grains. This review will provide a scientific reference for Cd pollution control and management with respect to paddy field ecosystems in China and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Shenglu Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China.
| | - Yujie Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Zhenyi Jia
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Tianwei Guo
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Junxiao Wang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China
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24
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Effects of Garden Amendments on Soil Available Lead and Plant Uptake in a Contaminated Calcareous Soil. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11135777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Gardeners use organic and inorganic substances to enhance plant growth, which can inadvertently impact soil solubility and plant uptake of unknown contaminants. Consequently, human exposure can increase through gardening and consumption of produce grown in potentially contaminated soils. A greenhouse experiment was established to examine the effects of biochar, compost, and common inorganic fertilizer on soil lead (Pb) availability for radish (Raphanus sativus, L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa, L.) grown in a calcareous soil containing excessively high lead (Pb), along with Pb accumulation in radish tissue. Results indicate that soil amended with biochar and planted to radish saw an 18% reduction in available Pb and an 11% decrease in plant tissue content when compared to the control. Compost showed an 8% reduction in available Pb, but a 19% increase in tissue content. In contrast, soil with inorganic fertilizer planted to radish increased in both soil Pb availability by 11% and Pb tissue content by 40%. Adding water-soluble inorganic fertilizers to contaminated calcareous soils without added organic matter enhances soil Pb availability and often asymptomatic plant Pb bioaccumulation. In conclusion, gardeners are encouraged to test their soils for contamination and apply biochar in combination with compost, as this combination is recommended to improve soil health and aid in overcoming initial N deficiencies induced by biochar.
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25
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In Arabidopsis thaliana Cd differentially impacts on hormone genetic pathways in the methylation defective ddc mutant compared to wild type. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10965. [PMID: 34040101 PMCID: PMC8154917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in modulating plant growth plasticity in response to stress, but mechanisms involved in such control need further investigation. We used drm1 drm2 cmt3 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, defective in DNA methylation, to explore metabolic pathways downstream epigenetic modulation under cadmium (Cd) stress. To this aim, a transcriptomic analysis was performed on ddc and WT plants exposed to a long-lasting (21 d) Cd treatment (25/50 µM), focusing on hormone genetic pathways. Growth parameters and hormones amount were also estimated. Transcriptomic data and hormone quantification showed that, under prolonged Cd treatment, level and signalling of growth-sustaining hormones (auxins, CKs, GAs) were enhanced and/or maintained, while a decrease was detected for stress-related hormones (JA, ABA, SA), likely as a strategy to avoid the side effects of their long-lasting activation. Such picture was more effective in ddc than WT, already at 25 µM Cd, in line with its better growth performance. A tight relationship between methylation status and the modulation of hormone genetic pathways under Cd stress was assessed. We propose that the higher genome plasticity conferred to ddc by DNA hypomethylated status underlies its prompt response to modulate hormones genetic pathways and activity and assure a flexible growth.
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Haider FU, Liqun C, Coulter JA, Cheema SA, Wu J, Zhang R, Wenjun M, Farooq M. Cadmium toxicity in plants: Impacts and remediation strategies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111887. [PMID: 33450535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an unessential trace element in plants that is ubiquitous in the environment. Anthropogenic activities such as disposal of urban refuse, smelting, mining, metal manufacturing, and application of synthetic phosphate fertilizers enhance the concentration of Cd in the environment and are carcinogenic to human health. In this manuscript, we reviewed the sources of Cd contamination to the environment, soil factors affecting the Cd uptake, the dynamics of Cd in the soil rhizosphere, uptake mechanisms, translocation, and toxicity of Cd in plants. In crop plants, the toxicity of Cd reduces uptake and translocation of nutrients and water, increases oxidative damage, disrupts plant metabolism, and inhibits plant morphology and physiology. In addition, the defense mechanism in plants against Cd toxicity and potential remediation strategies, including the use of biochar, minerals nutrients, compost, organic manure, growth regulators, and hormones, and application of phytoremediation, bioremediation, and chemical methods are also highlighted in this review. This manuscript may help to determine the ecological importance of Cd stress in interdisciplinary studies and essential remediation strategies to overcome the contamination of Cd in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Cai Liqun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jeffrey A Coulter
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sardar Alam Cheema
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Renzhi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ma Wenjun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman.
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Mishra D, Kumar S, Mishra BN. An Overview of Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Sorghum Towards Heavy Metal Stress. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 256:155-177. [PMID: 33866418 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination is a serious global environmental crisis. Over the past decade, industrial effluents, modern agricultural practices, and other anthropogenic activities have significantly depleted the soil environment. In plants, metal toxicity leads to compromised growth, development, productivity, and yield. Also, HMs negatively affect human health due to food chain contamination. Thus, it is imperative to reduce metal accumulation and toxicity. In nature, certain plant species exhibit an inherent capacity of amassing large amounts of HMs with remarkable tolerance. These plants with unique characteristics can be employed for the remediation of contaminated soil and water. Among different plant species, Sorghum bicolor has the potential of accumulating huge amounts of HMs, thus could be regarded as a hyperaccumulator. This means that it is a metal tolerant, high biomass producing energy crop, and thus can be utilized for phytoremediation. However, high concentrations of HMs hamper plant height, root hair density, shoot biomass, number of leaves, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and carbohydrate content. Thus, understanding the response of Sorghum towards different HMs holds considerable importance. Considering this, we have uncovered the basic information about the metal uptake, translocation, and accumulation in Sorghum. Plants respond to different HMs via sensing, signaling, and modulations in physico-chemical processes. Therefore, in this review, a glimpse of HM toxicity and the response of Sorghum at the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels has been provided. The review highlights the future research needs and emphasizes the extensive molecular dissection of Sorghum to explore its genetic adaptability towards different abiotic stresses that can be exploited to develop resilient crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewanshi Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smita Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Bhartendu Nath Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Su Y, Kwong RWM, Tang W, Yang Y, Zhong H. Straw return enhances the risks of metals in soil? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111201. [PMID: 32905933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between organic matter (OM) and metals in soils are important natural mechanisms that can mitigate metal bioaccumulation in terrestrial environments. A primary source of OM in soils is straw return, accounting for more than 65% of OM input. Straw-OM has long been believed to reduce metal bioaccumulation, e.g., by immobilizing metals in soils. However, there is growing evidence that straw return could possibly enhance bioavailability and thus risks (i.e., food safety) of some metals in crops, including Cd, Hg, and As. Poor understanding of straw return-induced increases in metal bioavailability would add uncertainty in assessing or mitigating risks of metals in contaminated farming soils. Here, 863 pieces of literature (2000-2019) that reported the effects of straw return on metal bioavailability and bioaccumulation were reviewed. Mechanisms responsible for the increased metal mobility and bioavailability under straw return are summarized, including the effects of dissolution, complexation, and methylation. Effects of straw return on the physiology and the absorption of metals in plants is also discussed (i.e., physiological effect). These mechanisms are then used to explain the observed increases in the mobility, bioavailability, and bioaccumulation of Cd, Hg, and As under straw amendment. Information summarized in this study highlights the importance to re-consider the current straw return policy, particularly in metal-contaminated farmlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Su
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Raymond W M Kwong
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Wenli Tang
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Yanan Yang
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Huan Zhong
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China; Environmental and Life Sciences Program (EnLS), Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada.
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Turisová I, Kviatková T, Możdżeń K, Barabasz-Krasny B. Effects of Natural Sorbents on the Germination and Early Growth of Grasses on Soils Contaminated by Potentially Toxic Elements. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111591. [PMID: 33212931 PMCID: PMC7698367 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The reclamation of abandoned mining heaps rich in potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is critical for the environment. We carried out a laboratory experiment studying the effects of the addition of four natural sorbents (biochar, bentonite, chicken manure and organo-zeolitic substrate) to soils contaminated with PTEs, predominantly Cu, As and Sb, on the germination and growth of the autochthonous grasses Agrostis capillaris, A. stolonifera, Festuca rubra and Poa pratensis. The experiment used Petri dish tests with water extracts of contaminated soil and soil neutralised with the four sorbents. Standard indexes of the germination process were used (germination percentage, time required for 50% germination index, speed of emergence), and different values were found depending on the plant species and sorbent used. However, the percentage of seeds germinating was lower for each sorbent compared to the control (distilled water). The fresh mass values were positively stimulated by all sorbents. Electrolyte leakage was the highest in seedlings watered with an extract of untreated soil from the heap compared to extracts from treated soils and the control. This can be interpreted as eliminating the harmful effects of increased potentially toxic element (PTE) contents by sorbents, which can be useful in remediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Turisová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University in Banska Bystrica, Tajovského 40, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Tatiana Kviatková
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University in Banska Bystrica, Tajovského 40, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia;
| | - Katarzyna Możdżeń
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2 St., 30-084 Kraków, Poland; (K.M.); (B.B.-K.)
| | - Beata Barabasz-Krasny
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2 St., 30-084 Kraków, Poland; (K.M.); (B.B.-K.)
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Cheraghi-Aliakbari S, Beheshti-Alagha A, Ranjbar F, Nosratti I. Comparison of Myagrum perfoliatum and Sophora alopecuroides in phytoremediation of Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils: A chemical and biological investigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127450. [PMID: 32593006 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is one of the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly ways to reduce adverse effects of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the environment. The present study was conducted to investigate the bioaccumulation factor (BF) and translocation factor (TF) of Cd and Pb in muskweed (Myagrum perfoliatum) and foxtail sophora (Sophora alopecuroides). The impact of contamination on some growth responses of plants and soil biological indicators was also evaluated. A non-contaminated soil sample was divided into several subsamples: one subsample was left as control (without contamination) and the others were separately contaminated with three levels of Cd (3, 5, and 10 mg kg-1) and Pb (100, 300, and 600 mg kg-1). Pot experiments were performed under greenhouse conditions. The BF values of Cd were greater than 1 at all contamination levels indicating the potential of muskweed and foxtail sophora for the uptake and phytostabilization of Cd. The only TF > 1 was obtained for Cd in muskweed grown at the highest Cd contamination level. The TF values of Pb were much lower than those obtained for Cd indicating that Cd was more translocated from root to aerial parts of muskweed and foxtail sophora compared to Pb. The highest contamination levels of Cd and Pb did not significantly affect growth responses of muskweed and foxtail sophora. Furthermore, the cultivation of muskweed and foxtail sophora reduced the impact of Cd and Pb contamination on biological indicators including carbon mineralization ratio (CMR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and metabolic quotient (qCO2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Cheraghi-Aliakbari
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Beheshti-Alagha
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faranak Ranjbar
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Iraj Nosratti
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Liu M, Zhao Z, Wang L, Xiao Y. Influences of rice straw biochar and organic manure on forage soybean nutrient and Cd uptake. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 23:53-63. [PMID: 33049150 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1789843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This pot experiment aimed to investigate the influence of rice straw biochar (BC 0, 1, and 3%, w/w) and organic manure (OM 0, 1, and 2%, w/w) addition on the growth, nutrient and cadmium (Cd) uptake of forage soybean in 10 mg Cd kg-1 contaminated soils. Compared with non-biochar treatments, biochar decreased shoot biomass, height and nitrogen (N) contents. Organic manure markedly increased the shoot biomass, shoot phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentration, and root N, P, Ca contents without biochar addition treatments, while in the case of 3% biochar, there were no significant effects on N, K, Ca, and Mg contents of shoot and root among organic manure treatments. In comparison with other treatments, the minimum Cd content of shoots and roots both occurred in the treatment of BC3%+OM2%, while shoot Cd content reached the maximum value in OM2% treatment. Thus, these results suggested that organic manure addition can elevate forage soybean yield and nutrient content, while biochar had no positive effects. High biochar (3%) addition in combination with highest dose of organic manure (2%) can decline the Cd content of soybean and contribute to the agricultural product safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Liu
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuojun Zhao
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leqi Wang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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32
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Capstaff NM, Morrison F, Cheema J, Brett P, Hill L, Muñoz-García JC, Khimyak YZ, Domoney C, Miller AJ. Fulvic acid increases forage legume growth inducing preferential up-regulation of nodulation and signalling-related genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5689-5704. [PMID: 32599619 PMCID: PMC7501823 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of potential biostimulants is of broad interest in plant science for improving yields. The application of a humic derivative called fulvic acid (FA) may improve forage crop production. FA is an uncharacterized mixture of chemicals and, although it has been reported to increase growth parameters in many species including legumes, its mode of action remains unclear. Previous studies of the action of FA have lacked appropriate controls, and few have included field trials. Here we report yield increases due to FA application in three European Medicago sativa cultivars, in studies which include the appropriate nutritional controls which hitherto have not been used. No significant growth stimulation was seen after FA treatment in grass species in this study at the treatment rate tested. Direct application to bacteria increased Rhizobium growth and, in M. sativa trials, root nodulation was stimulated. RNA transcriptional analysis of FA-treated plants revealed up-regulation of many important early nodulation signalling genes after only 3 d. Experiments in plate, glasshouse, and field environments showed yield increases, providing substantial evidence for the use of FA to benefit M. sativa forage production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Capstaff
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Freddie Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Jitender Cheema
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Paul Brett
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Lionel Hill
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Juan C Muñoz-García
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Claire Domoney
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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33
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Lyubun Y, Muratova A, Dubrovskaya E, Sungurtseva I, Turkovskaya O. Combined effects of cadmium and oil sludge on sorghum: growth, physiology, and contaminant removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22720-22734. [PMID: 32323232 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08789-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The physiological and biochemical responses of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. to cadmium (Cd) (30 mg kg-1) and oil sludge (OS) (16 g kg-1) present in soil both separately and as a mixture were studied in pot experiments. The addition of oil sludge as a co-contaminant decreased Cd entry into the plant by almost 80% and simultaneously decreased the stimulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase. The decrease in glutathione reductase (GR) activity and the increase in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity under the influence of oil sludge indicated that its components were detoxified by conjugation with glutathione. Cd additionally activated the antioxidant and detoxifying potential of the plant enzymatic response to stress. This helped to enhance the degradation rate of oil sludge in the rhizosphere, in which the participation of the root-released enzymes in the degradation could be possible. Cd increased the extent of soil clean-up from oil sludge, mainly owing to the elimination of paraffins, naphthenes, and mono- and bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The mutual influence of the pollutants on the biochemical responses of sorghum and on soil clean-up was evaluated. The results are important for understanding the antistress and detoxification responses of the remediating plant to combined environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Lyubun
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, Russia, 410049.
| | - Anna Muratova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, Russia, 410049
| | - Ekaterina Dubrovskaya
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, Russia, 410049
| | - Irina Sungurtseva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, Russia, 410049
| | - Olga Turkovskaya
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, Russia, 410049
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Peng R, Sun W, Jin X, Yu L, Chen C, Yue Z, Dong Y. Analysis of 2,4-epibrassinolide created an enhancement tolerance on Cd toxicity in Solanum nigrum L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:16784-16797. [PMID: 32141006 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soils with cadmium (Cd) is a serious problem worldwide. Solanum nigrum L. is reported as a Cd hyperaccumulator, but its enrichment capacity is limited. 2,4-Epibrassinolide (2,4-EBL) plays important roles in plant response to various stresses. Little is known about its effect on Cd tolerance in S. nigrum. Current study was performed to demonstrate effects of 2,4-EBL on plant growth, photosynthesis activity, activities of antioxidants, and Cd concentration in plants by nutrient solution contaminated with Cd. Results revealed that S. nigrum exhibited toxicity to Cd stress, including reducing plant height, root length, and chlorophyll content and increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Exogenous application of 2,4-EBL significantly enhanced the contents of proline and soluble sugar and decreased the MDA content. Meanwhile, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) markedly increased compared with the control. Interesting, 2,4-EBL promoted photosynthesis by increasing the chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm. And increase in chlorophyll content is caused by increased expression of synthetic genes and decreased expression of degraded genes. 2,4-EBL also decreased accumulation of Cd in S. nigrum compared with single Cd stress. According to the present results, 2,4-EBL can effectively be used to alleviate the damage of Cd stress in S. nigrum and probably in other solanaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Peng
- Institute of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weiyue Sun
- Institute of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jin
- Institute of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Lijie Yu
- Institute of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhonghui Yue
- Institute of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanlong Dong
- Horticulture Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang, China
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35
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Khan ZI, Akhtar M, Ahmad K, Ashfaq A, Nadeem M, Bashir H, Munir M, Malik IS. A study on the seasonal transfer of two metals from pasture to animals: health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:16339-16349. [PMID: 32124291 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Accretion of heavy metals in forage is a potential risk to grazing animals due to their uptake by plants and its entrance into the food chain. This study aimed to examine the Mn and Cd concentration from different samples. Sampling was done twice after the interval of 6 months during 2018; five different sites from Chakwal (Pidh, Tobar, Ratoccha, Kalar Kahar Road, Choa Saiden Shah and Chakwal Road, Choa Saiden Shah) were selected. Thirty samples of soil, forage (Acacia nilotica, Ziziphus nummularia, and Acacia modesta), and blood were collected. Forage and soil samples were dried, ground very fine, digested by wet digestion method, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Samples collected from site I and site II had a very high concentration of heavy metals because these sites were very close to the coal mines and receive higher contamination. Manganese concentration in the soil fluctuated from 5.46 to 1.20, in the forage 6.84 to 1.00, and in the blood 5.21 to 1.03 mg/l, and cadmium concentration in the soil fluctuate from 1.85 to 0.03, in the forage 0.57 to 0.16, and in the blood 1.67 to 0.25 mg/l. Manganese concentration was higher as compared to the Cd. Higher concentration of Mn shows that this metal is due to human activities. Pollution load index value of Cd was higher than 1 in some samples, and the value fluctuates from 0.01 to 1.24 mg/kg. The values of a bioconcentration factor for Mn were greater than 1. Daily intake of metal value fluctuates from 0.01 to 1.03 mg/kg. Health risk index value ranges from 0.03 to 1.09 mg/kg. Health risk index of metals showed the risk which is due to the intake of contaminated fodder. From the soil, the metals can enter forage and bioaccumulate in the food chain. The health risk index was highest for Cd. The result obtained from the present research work indicated that there is a biomagnification of both metals in the food chain due to mining activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, University Road, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan.
| | - Mubeen Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, University Road, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, University Road, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, University Road, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Humayun Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, University Road, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Mudasra Munir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, University Road, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Ifra Saleem Malik
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, University Road, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan
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Oliveira BRM, de Almeida AAF, Pirovani CP, Barroso JP, de C Neto CH, Santos NA, Ahnert D, Baligar VC, Mangabeira PAO. Mitigation of Cd toxicity by Mn in young plants of cacao, evaluated by the proteomic profiles of leaves and roots. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:340-358. [PMID: 32107699 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cd is a non-essential metal and highly toxic to plants, animals and humans, even at very low concentrations. Cd has been found in cocoa beans and in their products, as in the case of chocolate. Mn plays an important role in photosynthetic and can interact with Cd and attenuate its toxic effects on plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the mechanisms of Mn response in the mitigation of Cd toxicity in young plants of the CCN 51 cacao genotype submitted to 0.8 mmol Cd kg-1, 1.6 mmol Mn kg-1 or the combination of 0.4 mmol Cd kg-1 + 0.8 mmol Mn kg-1 soil, together with the control treatment (without addition of Cd and Mn in soil), by means of analysis of changes in the profile of exclusive proteins (EP) and differentially accumulated proteins (DAP). Leaf and root proteins were extracted and quantified from the different treatments, followed by proteomic analysis. About eight DAP and 38 EP were identified in leaves, whereas in roots 43 DAP and 21 EP were identified. Some important proteins induced in the presence of Cd and repressed in the presence of Cd + Mn or vice versa, were ATPases, isoflavone reductase, proteasome and chaperonin. It was concluded that proteins involved in oxidoreduction and defense and stress response processes, in addition to other processes, were induced in the presence of Cd and repressed in the presence of Cd + Mn. This demonstrated that Mn was able to mitigate the toxic effects of Cd on young plants of the CCN 51 cocoa genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Rafaela Machado Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil.
| | - Alex-Alan Furtado de Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil.
| | - Carlos P Pirovani
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Joedson P Barroso
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos H de C Neto
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Nayara A Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Dário Ahnert
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Viropax C Baligar
- USDA-ARS-Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Pedro Antonio O Mangabeira
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
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Boguta P, Sokołowska Z. Zinc Binding to Fulvic acids: Assessing the Impact of pH, Metal Concentrations and Chemical Properties of Fulvic Acids on the Mechanism and Stability of Formed Soluble Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:E1297. [PMID: 32178414 PMCID: PMC7144464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was defined as a complementary analysis of molecular interactions between zinc (Zn) and fulvic acids (FAs) at a broad pH range (3-7), different metal concentrations (0-50 mg dm-3) and chemical properties of FAs and their impact on the Zn binding mechanism, stability, and efficiency. The results showed that the complexation reaction prevailed at pH 6 and 7, whereas protons exchange dominated interactions at pH 3. Stability constant of the complexes increased along with pH (logK increased from ~3.8 to 4.2). Complexation was preferred by less-humidified structures of lower molecular mass containing more oxygen groups. The number of fluorophores available for Zn(II) increased from pH 3 to 7 by ~44%. Depending on the pH, complexation involved a bidentate chelate, monodentate and bidentate bridging mode. Zn(II) binding was insufficiently modeled by the classic Stern-Volmer equation and well described by the double logarithmic equation (R > 0.94) as well as by a modified Stern-Volmer formula assuming the existence of available and unavailable fluorophore populations (R > 0.98). The fluorescence ratio of different fluorophores was proposed as an indicator of the binding affinity of various structures. A positive relationship was found between the fraction of accessible fluorophores and Zn(II) binding at pH 7 determined based on proton release (R = 0.91-0.97). The obtained results can find application in controlling the mobility and bioavailability of Zn in different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Boguta
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
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38
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Casarrubia S, Martino E, Daghino S, Kohler A, Morin E, Khouja HR, Murat C, Barry KW, Lindquist EA, Martin FM, Perotto S. Modulation of Plant and Fungal Gene Expression Upon Cd Exposure and Symbiosis in Ericoid Mycorrhizal Vaccinium myrtillus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:341. [PMID: 32210940 PMCID: PMC7075258 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of Ericaceae in stressful habitats enriched in heavy metals has been ascribed to the distinctive abilities of their mycorrhizal fungal partners to withstand heavy metal stress and to enhance metal tolerance in the host plant. Whereas heavy metal tolerance has been extensively investigated in some ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that extend tolerance to the host plant are currently unknown. Here, we show a reduced Cd content in Cd-exposed mycorrhizal roots of Vaccinium myrtillus colonized by a metal tolerant isolate of the fungus Oidiodendron maius as compared to non-mycorrhizal roots. To better understand this phenotype, we applied Next Generation Sequencing technologies to analyze gene expression in V. myrtillus and O. maius Zn grown under normal and Cd-stressed conditions, in the free living and in the mycorrhizal status. The results clearly showed that Cd had a stronger impact on plant gene expression than symbiosis, whereas fungal gene expression was mainly regulated by symbiosis. The higher abundance of transcripts coding for stress related proteins in non-mycorrhizal roots may be related to the higher Cd content. Regulated plant metal transporters have been identified that may play a role in reducing Cd content in mycorrhizal roots exposed to this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Casarrubia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Martino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est Nancy, Champenoux, France
| | - Stefania Daghino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Annegret Kohler
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est Nancy, Champenoux, France
| | - Emmanuelle Morin
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est Nancy, Champenoux, France
| | | | - Claude Murat
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est Nancy, Champenoux, France
| | - Kerrie W. Barry
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Erika A. Lindquist
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Francis M. Martin
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est Nancy, Champenoux, France
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Silvia Perotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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39
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Kim SW, Kim D, Jeong SW, An YJ. Size-dependent effects of polystyrene plastic particles on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as related to soil physicochemical properties. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113740. [PMID: 31874433 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plastic polymers are widely used in various applications and are thus prevalent in the environment. Over time, these polymers are slowly degraded into nano- and micro-scale particles. In this study, the free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, was exposed to polystyrene particles of two different sizes (42 and 530 nm) in both liquid and soil media. The number of offspring significantly (p < 0.05) decreased at polystyrene concentrations of 100 mg/L and 10 mg/kg in liquid and soil media, respectively. In soil media, but not liquid media, C. elegans was more sensitive to the larger particles (530 nm) than the smaller particles (42 nm), and the median effective concentration (EC50) values of the 42 and 530 nm-sized particles were found to be > 100 and 14.23 (8.91-22.72) mg/kg, respectively. We performed the same toxicity bioassay on five different field-soil samples with different physicochemical properties and found that the size-dependent effects were intensified in clay-rich soil samples. A principal component analysis showed that the bulk density, cation exchange capacity, clay content, and sand content were the dominant factors influencing the toxicity of the 530 nm-sized polystyrene particles. Therefore, we conclude that the soil composition has a significant effect on the toxicity induced by these 530 nm-sized polystyrene particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Dasom Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Jeong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, 54150, South Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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40
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Kolahi M, Mohajel Kazemi E, Yazdi M, Goldson-Barnaby A. Oxidative stress induced by cadmium in lettuce (Lactuca sativa Linn.): Oxidative stress indicators and prediction of their genes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:71-89. [PMID: 31734520 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination with heavy metals is of concern as plants have the ability to absorb chemical toxicants facilitating the entry of toxic metals into the food chain. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa Linn.) was cultured in four nutrient solutions containing different concentrations of cadmium (0, 3, 6, and 9 mmol). The impact of heavy metal on the morphological features, antioxidant properties and antioxidant enzymes activity were investigated with primary focus on superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase and catalase enzymes. In silico methods were utilized in the study of the genes of these enzymes. Significant changes were observed in the morphological features of the plant with plants appearing stunted, more spherical and yellow in colour. A decrease in the dry mass of the plant was also detected. The Translocation factor (TF) for cadmium was significantly high in lettuce. Enhanced antioxidant enzymatic activity suggests that these enzymes are integrally involved in the defense mechanism of the plant to heavy metal stress. Also observed was an increase in total soluble protein, and total phenolic content. Total flavonoid content was not significantly affected. Fourteen genes encoding for ascorbate peroxidase and nineteen genes for superoxide dismutase were identified in lettuce. These enzymes varied from each other with regards to the number of exons and amino acids present, as well as their location within the cell. Plants exhibit various response mechanisms to combat heavy metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kolahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - E Mohajel Kazemi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Yazdi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A Goldson-Barnaby
- Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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41
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Pontoni L, Race M, van Hullebusch ED, Fabbricino M, Esposito G, Pirozzi F. Effect of sodium concentration on mobilization and fate of trace metals in standard OECD soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:839-848. [PMID: 31051395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different Na concentrations on the fate of trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn) in standard OECD soil was evaluated by performing soil leaching column experiments. Five Na concentrations added in synthetic irrigation water (0, 1, 5, 10, 50 mM) were studied in order to evaluate the fate of the metals contained in both the irrigation water leachate and the soil layer. In all experiments, metals mostly accumulated on the top soil layer (0-0.5 cm), at variable concentrations according to the Na content in the artificial irrigation water. Nevertheless, concentration peaks of metal contamination occurred at different sampling time in the soil leachates depending on the metal and on influent water sodicity. Peaks of metals in the leachate appeared simultaneously with the release of organic matter and/or release of Al, suggesting significant involvement of colloids in metals transport. Sodium concentration (10-50 mM) was demonstrated to highly reduce colloidal mobilization leading to the accumulation of more than 95% of the influent metal in the top soil layer. Conversely, low Na concentrations (1-5 mM) favored colloidal transport leading to the recovery of metals in the soil leachates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Pontoni
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Race
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, Cassino, 03043, Italy
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique Du Globe de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7154, F-75238 Paris, France
| | - Massimiliano Fabbricino
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pirozzi
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy
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Abdelhameed RE, Metwally RA. Alleviation of cadmium stress by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:663-671. [PMID: 30816051 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1556584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the realization of the harmful effect of cadmium on the environment and plants and as the plants are sessile organisms, they need to increase the protective mechanisms to cope with Cd stress. Inoculation the plant with soil microbes at the place of their growing is an important strategy to support the plants against stresses. In this study, trigonella plants were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi under different CdCl2 concentrations (0, 2.25, and 6.25 mM). AM inoculation increased growth parameters, chlorophyll, and protein contents. Root colonization was significantly increased at low Cd concentration (2.25 mM) and decreased at high one (6.25 mM). Also, with AM fungal inoculation, the translocation factor of trigonella plants significantly decreased as compared to non-AM ones at both low and high Cd concentrations. In addition, it was clearly that malondialdehyde content of trigonella plants increased significantly at both Cd concentrations and with AM fungal inoculation its content decreased compared to those of non-AM ones. AM inoculation significantly increased antioxidant enzymes activities compared to non-AM ones. Consequently, this study showed a tolerance strategy of AM trigonella plants against Cd stress, thus mycorrhizal symbiosis becomes a promising and suitable as phytostabilizers of Cd stressed soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda E Abdelhameed
- a Botany and Microbiology Department , Faculty of Science, Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Rabab A Metwally
- a Botany and Microbiology Department , Faculty of Science, Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
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43
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Raiesi F, Sadeghi E. Interactive effect of salinity and cadmium toxicity on soil microbial properties and enzyme activities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 168:221-229. [PMID: 30388540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Salinity has been proposed to increase the mobility and availability of heavy metals, with a potentially significant consequence for greater metal toxicity. However, the interactive effect of salinity and metal pollution on soil microbial properties and functions is still unknown. This investigation was performed to examine the response of several soil microbial properties and processes to the combined salinity and cadmium (Cd) toxicity in a clay loam soil amended with plant residue. The NaCl salt (0, 32.5 and 78.3 mM NaCl kg-1 soil), Cd (0 and 30 mg kg-1 soil) and alfalfa residue (0 and 1%) were added to the soil and the mixtures were incubated for 90 days under standard laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 °C and 70% of water holding capacity). Similar treatments without residue addition were also included in the experimental arrangement. Salinity increased soil Cd availability and toxicity, and subsequently decreased soil microbial respiration rate, microbial biomass and enzyme activity. The negative effect of increasing salinity on soil microbial and biochemical properties was stronger in Cd-polluted than unpolluted soils and at high than low salinity levels. The declines in soil microbial attributes and enzyme activity were linearly related to the concentration of soil available Cd. Nevertheless, the negative effect of salinity was reduced with addition of alfalfa residue in Cd-polluted soils. The interactive effect of Cd and NaCl was synergistic in residue-unamended soils, but antagonistic in residue-amended soils. It is concluded that (i) the multiple stresses induced by salinity and Cd pollution may synergistically affect soil microbial processes and attributes and (ii) application of organic residues has a high potential for lowering the synergistic effect of salinity in Cd-polluted environments and improving the important microbial indicators of soil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez Raiesi
- Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Ellham Sadeghi
- Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran
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44
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Khan MA, Ding X, Khan S, Brusseau ML, Khan A, Nawab J. The influence of various organic amendments on the bioavailability and plant uptake of cadmium present in mine-degraded soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:810-817. [PMID: 29727847 PMCID: PMC6063314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mining of minerals and precious elements leads to land degradation that need to be reclaimed using environmentally friendly and cost effective techniques. The present study investigated the potential effects of different organic amendments on cadmium (Cd) bioavailability in mining-degraded soil and its subsequent bioaccumulation in tomato and cucumber. The selected organic geosorbents (hard wood biochar (HWB), bagasse (BG), rice husk (RH), and maize comb waste (MCW)) were added at application rates of 3% and 5% to chromite mine-degraded soil containing Cd. Tomato and cucumber plants were then grown in the soil, and the roots, shoots, leaves, and fruits of each plant were analysed for Cd concentration, biomass production, and chlorophyll content. The results indicated that the different organic materials have variable effects on physiochemical characteristics of vegetables and Cd bioavailability. The biochar amendment significantly (P < 0.01) increased chlorophyll contents (20-40%) and biomass (40-63%), as did RH to a lesser extent (increase of 10-18% in chlorophyll content and 3-45% in biomass). Among the amendments, HWB was the most effective at reducing Cd bioavailability, wherein significant decreases were observed in Cd uptake by fruits of tomato (24-30%) and cucumber (36-54%). The higher application rate of 5% was found to be more effective for mitigation of Cd mobility and bioaccumulation in plants grown in mine degraded soil. The study results indicate that effective use of organic amendments, especially HWB, can significantly reduce Cd levels in vegetables, improve food quality, and reduce human-health risk while increasing biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amjad Khan
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Xiaodong Ding
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Mark L Brusseau
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Anwarzeb Khan
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Javed Nawab
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat 19130, Pakistan
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45
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De Lillo A, Cardi M, Landi S, Esposito S. Mechanism(s) of action of heavy metals to investigate the regulation of plastidic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13481. [PMID: 30194387 PMCID: PMC6128849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of recombinant plastidic glucose-6P dehydrogenase from Populus trichocarpa (PtP2-G6PDH - EC 1.1.1.49) was investigated by exposing wild type and mutagenized isoforms to heavy metals. Nickel and Cadmium caused a marked decrease in PtP2-G6PDH WT activity, suggesting their poisoning effect on plant enzymes; Lead (Pb++) was substantially ineffective. Copper (Cu++) and Zinc (Zn++) exposition resulted in strongest decrease in enzyme activity, thus suggesting a physiological competition with Magnesium, a well-known activator of G6PDH activity. Kinetic analyses confirmed a competitive inhibition by Copper, and a mixed inhibition by (Cd++). Mutagenized enzymes were differently affected by HMs: the reduction of disulfide (C175–C183) exposed the NADP+ binding sites to metals; C145 participates to NADP+ cofactor binding; C194 and C242 are proposed to play a role in the regulation of NADP+/NADPH binding. Copper (and possibly Zinc) is able to occupy competitively Magnesium (Mg++) sites and/or bind to NADP+, resulting in a reduced access of NADP+ sites on the enzyme. Hence, heavy metals could be used to describe specific roles of cysteine residues present in the primary protein sequence; these results are discussed to define the biochemical mechanism(s) of inhibition of plant plastidic G6PDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia De Lillo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuela Cardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Landi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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46
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Cheng S, Yu H, Hu M, Wu Y, Cheng L, Cai Q, Tu Y, Xia T, Peng L. Miscanthus accessions distinctively accumulate cadmium for largely enhanced biomass enzymatic saccharification by increasing hemicellulose and pectin and reducing cellulose CrI and DP. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:67-74. [PMID: 29730520 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, total eight distinct Miscanthus accessions were collected from the cadmium (Cd)-supplied soil pots, and mild alkali pretreatments (0.5%, 1% NaOH) were then performed to enhance biomass enzymatic saccharification. Due to large Cd accumulation, all Miscanthus accessions showed significantly reduced cellulose levels and features (CrI, DP) with much increased hemicellulose and pectin contents in the mature stems. Under mild alkali pretreatments, all Miscanthus samples exhibited largely increased hexoses yields released from enzymatic hydrolysis, and one desirable accession had an almost complete biomass saccharification with the hexoses yield at 100% (% cellulose). Notably, the biomass residues remained from enzymatic hydrolysis upon 1% NaOH pretreatment could absorb 73-96% Cd (% of total), suggesting an applicable approach for Cd phyto-remediation. Hence, a hypothetic model was proposed to elucidate that the enhanced biomass saccharification should be mainly due to much reduced cellulose CrI and DP in the Cd-accumulated Miscanthus accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhe Cheng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Hu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangliang Cheng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuming Cai
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Xia
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Ali E, Hussain N, Shamsi IH, Jabeen Z, Siddiqui MH, Jiang LX. Role of jasmonic acid in improving tolerance of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to Cd toxicity. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:130-146. [PMID: 29405041 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The well-known detrimental effects of cadmium (Cd) on plants are chloroplast destruction, photosynthetic pigment inhibition, imbalance of essential plant nutrients, and membrane damage. Jasmonic acid (JA) is an alleviator against different stresses such as salinity and drought. However, the functional attributes of JA in plants such as the interactive effects of JA application and Cd on rapeseed in response to heavy metal stress remain unclear. JA at 50 µmol/L was observed in literature to have senescence effects in plants. In the present study, 25 µmol/L JA is observed to be a "stress ameliorating molecule" by improving the tolerance of rapeseed plants to Cd toxicity. JA reduces the Cd uptake in the leaves, thereby reducing membrane damage and malondialdehyde content and increasing the essential nutrient uptake. Furthermore, JA shields the chloroplast against the damaging effects of Cd, thereby increasing gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments. Moreover, JA modulates the antioxidant enzyme activity to strengthen the internal defense system. Our results demonstrate the function of JA in alleviating Cd toxicity and its underlying mechanism. Moreover, JA attenuates the damage of Cd to plants. This study enriches our knowledge regarding the use of and protection provided by JA in Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Ali
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu & Kashmir 12350, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Imran Haider Shamsi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zahra Jabeen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Li-Xi Jiang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Derakhshan Nejad Z, Jung MC, Kim KH. Remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals with an emphasis on immobilization technology. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:927-953. [PMID: 28447234 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9964-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The major frequent contaminants in soil are heavy metals which may be responsible for detrimental health effects. The remediation of heavy metals in contaminated soils is considered as one of the most complicated tasks. Among different technologies, in situ immobilization of metals has received a great deal of attention and turned out to be a promising solution for soil remediation. In this review, remediation methods for removal of heavy metals in soil are explored with an emphasis on the in situ immobilization technique of metal(loid)s. Besides, the immobilization technique in contaminated soils is evaluated through the manipulation of the bioavailability of heavy metals using a range of soil amendment conditions. This technique is expected to efficiently alleviate the risk of groundwater contamination, plant uptake, and exposure to other living organisms. The efficacy of several amendments (e.g., red mud, biochar, phosphate rock) has been examined to emphasize the need for the simultaneous measurement of leaching and the phytoavailability of heavy metals. In addition, some amendments that are used in this technique are inexpensive and readily available in large quantities because they have been derived from bio-products or industrial by-products (e.g., biochar, red mud, and steel slag). Among different amendments, iron-rich compounds and biochars show high efficiency to remediate multi-metal contaminated soils. Thereupon, immobilization technique can be considered a preferable option as it is inexpensive and easily applicable to large quantities of contaminants derived from various sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Derakhshan Nejad
- Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Myung Chae Jung
- Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
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49
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Raiesi F, Razmkhah M, Kiani S. Salinity stress accelerates the effect of cadmium toxicity on soil N dynamics and cycling: Does joint effect of these stresses matter? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 153:160-167. [PMID: 29427977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine responses of soil nitrogen (N) transformation, microbial biomass N, and urease activity to the combined effect of cadmium (Cd) toxicity (0 and 30 mg kg-1) and NaCl stress (0, 7.5 and 15 dS m-1) in a clay loam soil unamended (0%) or amended with alfalfa residues (1%, w/w). Cd, NaCl, and alfalfa residues were added to the soil, and the mixtures were incubated for 90 days under standard laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 °C and 70% of water holding capacity [WHC]). The results showed that salinity increased soil Cd availability and toxicity and subsequently decreased soil microbial N transformations (i.e., potential ammonification and nitrification as well as net N mineralization), arginine ammonification and nitrification rates, microbial biomass N, and urease activity. The adverse effects of salinity on soil microbial properties were greater in Cd-polluted than unpolluted soils, at high than low salinity levels, but were lower in residue-amended than unamended soils. These effects were mainly attributed to the increased Cd availability under saline conditions or the decreased Cd availability with residue addition. All the measured soil microbial attributes showed a negative correlation with the available Cd content in the soil. The interaction or combined effects of Cd and NaCl on soil microbial attributes were mostly synergistic in residue-unamended soils but antagonistic in residue-amended soils. The addition of organic residues to Cd-polluted soils may moderate salinity effect, and thus could stimulate the activity of ammonifiers and nitrifiers, as well as urease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez Raiesi
- Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mahshid Razmkhah
- Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shahram Kiani
- Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran
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50
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Sricoth T, Meeinkuirt W, Saengwilai P, Pichtel J, Taeprayoon P. Aquatic plants for phytostabilization of cadmium and zinc in hydroponic experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:14964-14976. [PMID: 29550977 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) may be toxic to aquatic plants even at modest concentrations, and excessive quantities of zinc (Zn) decrease plant performance. The Cd and Zn phytoremediation potential of several aquatic plant species (Thalia geniculate, Cyperus alternifolius, Canna indica, Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes) and one grass species (Vetiveria zizanioides) was evaluated in hydroponic experiments. Vetiveria zizanioides, E. crassipes, and P. stratiotes experienced reduced growth performance in the presence of Cd as determined from biomass production, survival rate, and crown root number (CN); however, they accumulated high quantities of metals in their tissues, particularly in roots. Root accumulation is considered a key characteristic of so-called excluder species. In this study, only E. crassipes and P. stratiotes had bioconcentration factors and translocation factors (> 1000 and < 1, respectively) suitable for high phytostabilization of Cd. Furthermore, V. zizanioides and P. stratiotes showed the highest percent metal uptake from solution and removal capacity for Zn (~70% and ~2 mg d-1 g-1, respectively). Emergent aquatic species (particularly C. alternifolius and T. geniculate) adapted and lived well in Cd- and Zn-contaminated solution and took up high quantities of Cd and Zn in roots, and are therefore considered strong excluders. Beneficial uses of such species in contaminated wetlands include stabilizing toxic metals and limiting erosion. Plant tissue can be applied to other uses, including as a biomass fuel. In field situations, the candidate species may work best when grown together, since each plant genotype possesses a different potential to control Cd and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theeta Sricoth
- Navamindradhiraj University, Khao Road, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | | | - Patompong Saengwilai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - John Pichtel
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA
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