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Clark SN, Kulka R, Buteau S, Lavigne E, Zhang JJY, Riel-Roberge C, Smargiassi A, Weichenthal S, Van Ryswyk K. High-resolution spatial and spatiotemporal modelling of air pollution using fixed site and mobile monitoring in a Canadian city. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024:124353. [PMID: 38866318 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The development of high-resolution spatial and spatiotemporal models of air pollutants is essential for exposure science and epidemiological applications. While fixed-site sampling has conventionally provided input data for statistical predictive models, the evolving mobile monitoring method offers improved spatial resolution, ideal for measuring pollutants with high spatial variability such as ultrafine particles (UFP). The Quebec Air Pollution Exposure and Epidemiology (QAPEE) study measured and modelled the spatial and spatiotemporal distributions of understudied pollutants, such as UFPs, black carbon (BC), and brown carbon (BrC), along with fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) in Quebec City, Canada. We conducted a combined fixed-site (NO2 and O3) and mobile monitoring (PM2.5, BC, BrC, and UFPs) campaign over 10-months. Mobile monitoring routes were monitored on a weekly basis between 8am - 10am and designed using location/allocation modelling. Seasonal fixed-site sampling campaigns captured continuous 24-hour measurements over two-week periods. Flexible Generalized Additive Models (GAMs), which combined data on pollution concentrations, spatial and spatial and temporal GIS predictors, and spatial and temporal terms, were used to model and predict concentration surfaces. Annual models for PM2.5, NO2, O3 as well as seven of the smallest size fractions in the UFP range, had high out of sample predictive accuracy (range r2: 0.54 - 0.86). Varying spatial patterns was observed across UFP size ranges measured as Particle Number Counts (PNC). The monthly spatiotemporal models for PM2.5 (r2 = 0.49), BC (r2 = 0.27), BrC (r2 = 0.29), and PNC (r2 = 0.49) had moderate or moderate-low out of sample predictive accuracy. We conducted a sensitivity analysis and found that the minimum number of 'n visits' (mobile monitoring sessions) required to model annually representative air pollution concentrations was between 24 and 32 visits dependent on the pollutant. This study provides a single source of predictive exposure models for a comprehensive set of air pollutants in Quebec City, Canada. These exposure models will feed into epidemiological research on the health impacts of ambient UFPs and other pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Nicole Clark
- Environmental and Social Epidemiology Section, Population Health Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, UK; Air Pollution Exposure Science Section, Water and Air Quality Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Kulka
- Air Pollution Exposure Science Section, Water and Air Quality Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephane Buteau
- Institut national de sante publique du Quebec (INSPQ), Quebec, Canada; École de santé publique, Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Lavigne
- Populations Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Joyce J Y Zhang
- Air Pollution Exposure Science Section, Water and Air Quality Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian Riel-Roberge
- Direction de santé publique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- Institut national de sante publique du Quebec (INSPQ), Quebec, Canada; École de santé publique, Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Scott Weichenthal
- Air Pollution Exposure Science Section, Water and Air Quality Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Keith Van Ryswyk
- Air Pollution Exposure Science Section, Water and Air Quality Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Cheng Z, Qin K, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Li B, Jiang C, Xu J. Air pollution and cancer daily mortality in Hangzhou, China: an ecological research. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e084804. [PMID: 38858146 PMCID: PMC11168133 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to air pollution has been linked to cancer incidence. However, the evidence is limited regarding the effect of short-term exposure to air pollution on cancer mortality. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate associations between short-term exposure to air pollutants (sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 mm (PM10) and PM2.5) and cancer daily mortality. METHODS This study used air quality, meteorological and daily cancer death data from 2014 to 2019 in Hangzhou, China. Generalised additive models (GAM) with quasi-Poisson regression were used to analyse the associations between air pollutants and cancer mortality with adjustment for confounding factors including time trends, day of week, temperature and humidity. Then, we conducted stratified analyses by sex, age, season and education. In addition, stratified analyses of age, season and education were performed within each sex to determine whether sex difference was modified by such factors. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, the GAM results indicated a statistically significant relationship between increased cancer mortality and elevated air pollution concentrations, but only in the female population. For every 10 μg/m3 rise in pollutant concentration, the increased risk of cancer death in females was 6.82% (95% CI 3.63% to 10.10%) for SO2 on lag 03, and 2.02% (95% CI 1.12% to 2.93%) for NO2 on lag 01 and 0.89% (95% CI 0.46% to 1.33%) for PM10 on lag 03 and 1.29% (95% CI 0.64% to 1.95%) for PM2.5 on lag 03. However, no statistically significant association was found among males. Moreover, the differences in effect sizes between males and females were more pronounced during the cold season, among the elderly and among subjects with low levels of education. CONCLUSIONS Increased cancer mortality was only observed in females with rising concentrations of air pollutants. Further research is required to confirm this sex difference. Advocate for the reduction of air pollutant emissions to protect vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxue Cheng
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Qin
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhecong Yu
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Jiang
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jue Xu
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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Haas M, Lucic M, Pichler F, Brkic FF, Parzefall T, Riss D, Liu DT. Presentation Rates for Acute Pharyngitis in the Emergency Room Are Influenced by Extreme Weather Events. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 170:795-803. [PMID: 37943865 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extreme weather events are becoming more prevalent with the increasing pace of climate change. These events negatively impact human health and put considerable strain on health care resources, including emergency departments. Within otolaryngology, acute pharyngitis is a common reason for emergency room visits (ERV). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of extreme meteorological conditions on ERV rates related to acute pharyngitis. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective time-series study. SETTING ERVs related to acute pharyngitis (n = 1511) were identified at a tertiary care hospital in Vienna, Austria, between 2015 and 2018. METHODS The effects of single-day and prolonged (3-day) extreme weather events on ERVs were analyzed using a distributed lag nonlinear model. Relative risk (RR) and cumulative relative risk (cRR) were calculated over a lag period of 14 days. RR refers to the risk for pharyngitis-related ERV at extreme conditions (1st, 5th, 95th, or 99th percentile) compared to the risk at median conditions. RESULTS Same-day RR (lag0) was elevated more than 3-fold after prolonged extremely low mean temperatures (P = .028). Furthermore, same-day RR after single-day and prolonged extremely high relative humidity was elevated by 51% (P = .024) and 46% (P = .036), respectively. Significant delayed effects on cRR were observed for extreme mean temperatures, relative humidity, and mean wind speeds within 8 days and for extreme atmospheric pressure within 14 days. CONCLUSION Extreme weather events impact ERV rates for acute pharyngitis. Extremely low temperatures, high relative humidity, high atmospheric pressure, and low and high wind speeds were risk-promoting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Haas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mateo Lucic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Pichler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Faris F Brkic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Parzefall
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Riss
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David T Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Yang J, Deng J, Ye L, Liu L, Hu X. Study on the impact of central environmental protection inspection on the health of the older adult population-A quasi-natural experiment in China. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1290192. [PMID: 38322126 PMCID: PMC10844512 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1290192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2015, the central government of China established the Central Environmental Protection Inspection (CEPI) system for oversight of local governments. It enhanced local government enforcement of environmental regulations, which had a considerable influence on the health of the local older adult population. This study quantifies the effects of local government regulation brought about by CEPI on the health of the older adult. It examines the impact mechanism using the DID model and panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The results show that (1) local governments' environmental protection regulations implemented by CEPI have a positive impact on the general health of the older adult. The results of the study passed the parallel trend test, PSM test, replacement variable test, and placebo test and remained significant; (2) in terms of the impact mechanism, CEPI has promoted local governments' environmental governance initiatives, which has reduced industrial wastewater emissions, industrial sulfur dioxide emissions, and industrial fumes emissions. This has improved air quality, thereby creating a good living environment for the older adult and improving their overall health; (3) according to heterogeneity research, the health of older adult living in the Yangtze River Basin, urban older adult, and older adult without chronic diseases is more significantly affected by the environmental protection regulations of the local governments brought about by CEPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Yang
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University/Innovation Center of Nursing Research/Sichuan Key Laboratory of Nursing, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juqiu Deng
- School of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianguang Ye
- School of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Liu
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University/Innovation Center of Nursing Research/Sichuan Key Laboratory of Nursing, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuying Hu
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University/Innovation Center of Nursing Research/Sichuan Key Laboratory of Nursing, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Zhao Q, Wang Y. The effect of haze pollution on rural-to-urban migrants' long-term residence intentions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:5896-5911. [PMID: 38129727 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Severe haze pollution in China threatens human health, and its negative effect hampers rural-to-urban migrants' settlement intentions in destination cities. Using the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey Data (CMDS), the satellite data of PM2.5, and city-level data, this study investigates the impact of haze pollution on rural migrants, long-term residence intentions in Chinese context with IV-probit model, and mediating effect model. Overall, we find an inverted U-shaped relationship between the level of haze pollutants and rural migrants' long-term settlement intentions. Robustness check using multi-measures and thermal inversion as the instrumental variable supports this conclusion. The mediating effect model shows haze pollution plays its role through two opposite mechanisms: signal effect and health effect. When the size of signal effect is larger than health effect, rural migrants are inclined to settle down in their host cities; otherwise, they show lower settlement willingness. The turning point appears when PM2.5 concentration reaches 38.5 μg/m3; migrants have the highest long-term residence intentions. Currently, the national average PM2.5 concentration is 40.98 μg/m3, indicating that China is at the stage where the health effect of haze pollution holds a dominant position. Haze pollution has heterogeneous impacts on migrants' residence intentions. From the individual level, the younger generation, female, and higher-educated migrants have a higher tolerance for polluted air. From the city level, migrants who work in the city with 5 to 10 million dwellers have the highest long-term residence intention and are less sensitive to haze pollution. Thus, we propose stringent environmental regulations and more inclined public service policies to migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Zhao
- College of Economics and Management, Huzhou College, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Wang Y, Liu Q, Tian Z, Cheng B, Guo X, Wang H, Zhang B, Xu Y, Sun L, Hu B, Chen G, Sheng J, Liang C, Tao F, Wei J, Yang L. Short-term effects of ambient PM 1, PM 2.5, and PM 10 on internal metal/metalloid profiles in older adults: A distributed lag analysis in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 182:108341. [PMID: 38006770 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
There is limited evidence linking exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) with internal doses of metals and metalloids (metal(loid)s). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of short-term exposure to ambient PM on urine metal(loid)s among Chinese older adults. Biological monitoring data of 15 urine metal(loid)s collected in 3, 970 community-dwelling older adults in Fuyang city, Anhui Province, China, from July to September 2018, were utilized. PMs with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1 µm (PM1), ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5), and ≤ 10 µm (PM10) up to eight days before urine collection were estimated by space-time extremely randomized trees (STET) model. Residential greenness was reflected by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). We used generalized additive model (GAM) combined with distributed lag linear/non-linear models (DLMs/DLNMs) to estimate the associations between short-term PM exposure and urine metal(loid)s. The results suggested that the cumulative exposures to PM1, PM2.5, or PM10 over two days (lag0-1 days) before urine collection were associated with elevated urine metal(loid)s in DLMs, while exhibited linear or "inverted U-shaped" relationships with seven urine metal(loid)s in DLNMs, including Gallium (Ga), Arsenic (As), Aluminum (Al), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Uranium (U), and Barium (Ba). Aforementioned results indicated robust rather than spurious associations between PMs and these seven metal(loid)s. After standardizations for three PMs, PM1 was the greatest contributor to U, PM2.5 made the greatest contributions to Ga, As, Al, and Ba, and PM10 contributed the most to Mg and Ca. Furthermore, the effects of three PMs on urine Ga, As, Al, Mg, Ca, and Ba were reduced when exposed to higher levels of NDVI. Overall, short-term exposures to ambient PMs contribute to elevated urinary metal(loid) levels in older adults, and three PMs exhibit various contributions to different urine metal(loid)s. Moreover, residential greenness may attenuate the effects of PMs on urine metal(loid)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Scientific Research Center in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Scientific Research Center in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ziwei Tian
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Scientific Research Center in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Beijing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianwei Guo
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Fuyang Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Fuyang, Anhui 236069, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Fuyang Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Fuyang, Anhui 236069, China
| | - Guimei Chen
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Scientific Research Center in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- School of Public Health, Department of Hygiene Inspection and Quarantine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
| | - Linsheng Yang
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Scientific Research Center in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Zhang F, Tang H, Zhao D, Zhu S, Ruan L, Zhu W. Short-term exposure to ozone and mortality from AIDS-related diseases: A case-crossover study in the middle Yangtze River region, China. Prev Med 2023; 175:107689. [PMID: 37652107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous investigations have predominantly concentrated on the influence of ozone (O3) on general population mortality. However, a noticeable gap exists regarding the attention directed towards susceptible demographics, specifically individuals afflicted by human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). METHODS A dataset comprising 1467 AIDS-related fatalities from 2013 to 2020 was amassed from the Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Daily maximum 8-h average O3 levels and meteorological parameters were extracted from the ChinaHighAirPollutants dataset and the National Meteorological Science Data Center, respectively. A time-stratified case-crossover methodology was employed to scrutinize the connection between short-term exposure to O3 and AIDS-related deaths. RESULTS A rise of one interquartile (IQR) in O3 concentration, lagged by 4 days, was associated with a 15% [95% confidence intervals (CIs): 2, 31] increase in AIDS-related deaths. Notably, males demonstrated heightened susceptibility to the adverse consequences of O3, marked by an odds ratio of 1.20 (95% CIs: 1.05, 1.37) at lag 4 day. Additionally, patients aged over 65 years exhibited escalated vulnerability to brief O3 exposure. Marriage status and educational attainment emerged as influential factors modifying the interplay between O3 and AIDS-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our study presents novel evidence spotlighting the deleterious repercussions of O3 on mortality in the HIV/AIDS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faxue Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Heng Tang
- Institute for the Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Dingyuan Zhao
- Institute for the Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lianguo Ruan
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Bennett M, Nault I, Koehle M, Wilton S. Air Pollution and Arrhythmias. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1253-1262. [PMID: 37023893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is commonly defined as the contamination of the air we breathe by any chemical, physical, or biological agent that is potentially threatening to human and ecosystem health. The common pollutants known to be disease-causing are particulate matter, ground-level ozone, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Although the association between increasing concentrations of these pollutants and cardiovascular disease is now accepted, the association of air pollution and arrhythmias is less well established. In this review we provide an in-depth discussion of the association of acute and chronic air pollution exposure and arrhythmia incidence, morbidity, and mortality, and the purported pathophysiological mechanisms. Increases in concentrations of air pollutants have multiple proarrhythmic mechanisms including systemic inflammation (via increases in reactive oxygen species, tumour necrosis factor, and direct effects from translocated particulate matter), structural remodelling (via an increased risk of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction or by affecting the cell-to-cell coupling and gap junction function), and mitochondrial and autonomic dysfunction. Furthermore, we describe the associations of air pollution and arrhythmias. There is a strong correlation of acute and chronic air pollutant exposure and the incidence of atrial fibrillation. Acute increases in air pollution increase the risk of emergency room visits and hospital admissions for atrial fibrillation and the risk of stroke and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation. Similarly, there is a strong correlation of increases of air pollutants and the risk of ventricular arrhythmias, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bennett
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Nault
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Koehle
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Kinesiology and Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen Wilton
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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9
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Haas M, Lucic M, Pichler F, Lein A, Brkic FF, Riss D, Liu DT. Meteorological extremes and their impact on tinnitus-related emergency room visits: a time-series analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:3997-4007. [PMID: 36856808 PMCID: PMC9976663 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-07894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Extreme weather events are rising due to the accelerating pace of climate change. These events impact human health and increase emergency room visits (EV) for many morbidities. Tinnitus is a common cause of EVs within otolaryngology in Germany and Austria. The effect of extreme weather conditions on tinnitus-related EVs is unknown. METHODS A total of 526 tinnitus-related EVs at a tertiary care hospital in Vienna were identified. A distributed lag non-linear model with a maximum lag period of 14 days was fitted to investigate the immediate and delayed effect of single-day and prolonged (three-day) extreme atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, mean temperature, precipitation and mean wind speed on EV rates. Extreme conditions were defined as the 1st, 5th, 95th, and 99th percentile of the meteorological variables. Relative risk (RR) is defined as risk for tinnitus-related EVs at an extreme condition compared to the risk at the median weather condition. Cumulative RR (cRR) is the total cumulated EV risk for a given time period. RESULTS High relative humidity increased same-day RR for tinnitus-related EVs to 1.75. Both low and high atmospheric pressure raised cRR as early as three days after an event to a maximum of 3.24. Low temperatures mitigated cRR within 4 days, while high temperatures tended to increase risk. Prolonged precipitation reduced cRR within one day. CONCLUSION Extreme meteorological conditions are associated with tinnitus-related EV rates. Further investigation into potential causative links and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Haas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mateo Lucic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Pichler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Faris F Brkic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Riss
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - David T Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Yuan C, Liu F, Huang K, Shen C, Li J, Liang F, Yang X, Cao J, Chen S, Hu D, Huang J, Liu Y, Lu X, Gu D. Association of Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Incidence Varies across Populations with Different Predicted Risks: The China-PAR Project. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37368969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have established a significant link between ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) incidence, but whether this association varies across populations with different predicted ASCVD risks was uncertain previously. We included 109,374 Chinese adults without ASCVD at baseline from the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China-PAR) project. We obtained PM2.5 data of participants' residential address from 2000 to 2015 using a satellite-based spatiotemporal model. Participants were classified into low-to-medium and high-risk groups according to the ASCVD 10-year and lifetime risk prediction scores. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PM2.5 exposure-related incident ASCVD, as well as the multiplication and additive interaction, were calculated using stratified Cox proportional hazard models. The additive interaction between risk stratification and PM2.5 exposure was estimated by the synergy index (SI), the attributable proportion due to the interaction (API), and the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). Over the follow-up of 833,067 person-years, a total of 4230 incident ASCVD cases were identified. Each 10 μg/m3 increment of PM2.5 concentration was associated with 18% (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.14-1.23) increased risk of ASCVD in the total population, and the association was more pronounced among individuals having a high predicted ASCVD risk than those having a low-to-medium risk, with the HR (95% CI) of 1.24 (1.19-1.30) and 1.11 (1.02-1.20) per 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 concentration, respectively. The RERI, API, and SI were 1.22 (95% CI: 0.62-1.81), 0.22 (95% CI: 0.12-0.32), and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.16-1.63), respectively. Our findings demonstrate a significant synergistic effect on ASCVD between ASCVD risk stratification and PM2.5 exposure and highlight the potential health benefits of reducing PM2.5 exposure in Chinese, especially among those with high ASCVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
- Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Keyong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fengchao Liang
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 United States
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Nieratschker M, Haas M, Lucic M, Pichler F, Brkic FF, Parzefall T, Riss D, Liu DT. Fluctuations in emergency department visits related to acute otitis media are associated with extreme meteorological conditions. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1153111. [PMID: 37325328 PMCID: PMC10267338 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1153111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Climate change has been associated with a higher frequency of extreme weather events, resulting in an overall increase in morbidity and mortality. Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common otolaryngological infections and accounts for 1.5% of emergency department visits. This study aimed to identify associations between extreme weather events and the immediate and delayed risks for AOM-related emergency department visits (EV). Methods A total of 1,465 AOM-related EVs were identified in the Vienna General Hospital between 2015 and 2018. A distributed lag non-linear model was applied to evaluate the relationship between extreme weather conditions and the total number of AOM-related EVs per day. The relative risk (RR) and cumulative RR (cRR) of single-day events and extended weather events over three days were analyzed over a lag period of 14 days. Results AOM-related EVs showed a pronounced seasonality, with the highest occurrence during winter. Single-day weather events affected AOM-related EVs only at high relative humidity. Prolonged extreme weather conditions over three days, however, significantly increased the cRR for AOM-related EVs to 3.15 [1.26-7.88; p = 0.014] and 2.14 [1.14-4.04; p = 0.018] at mean temperatures of -4°C (1st-percentile - p1) and 0°C (p5) on the same day. Relative humidity of 37% (p1) decreased RR to 0.94 [0.88-0.99; p = 0.032] on day 7, while extremely high humidity of 89% (p99) led to an increased cRR of 1.43 [1.03-2.00; p = 0.034] on day 7. Heavy prolonged precipitation of 24mm (p95) reduced cRR beginning day 4 up until day 14 to 0.52 [0.31-0.86; p = 0.012]. Prolonged low atmospheric pressure events of 985hPa (p5) reduced the RR to 0.95 [0.91-1.00; p = 0.03], whereas extremely high atmospheric pressure events of 1013hPa (p99) increased the RR to 1.11 [1.03-1.20; p = 0.008]. Extremely low wind speeds significantly diminished the RR of AOM-related EVs. Conclusions While single-day extreme weather events had little impact on the occurrence of AOM-related EVs, extended periods of extreme temperatures, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speeds and atmospheric pressure significantly impacted the RR for AOM-related EVs. These findings could help improve healthcare resource allocation in similar climates and aid in educating patients about the role of environmental factors in AOM.
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Zhang D, Chen W, Cheng C, Huang H, Li X, Qin P, Chen C, Luo X, Zhang M, Li J, Sun X, Liu Y, Hu D. Air pollution exposure and heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162191. [PMID: 36781139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While the literature strongly supports a positive association between particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) exposure and heart failure (HF), there is uncertainty regarding the other pollutants and the dose and duration of exposure that triggers an adverse response. To comprehensively assess and quantify the association of air pollution exposure with HF incidence and mortality, we performed separate meta-analyses according to pollutant types [PM2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3)], and exposure duration (short- and long-term). We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for relevant articles with publication dates up to July 12, 2022, identifying 35 eligible studies. Random-effects models were used to summarize the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs). For long-term exposure, the growing risk of HF was significantly associated with each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 (OR = 1.196, 95 % CI: 1.079-1.326; I2 = 76.8 %), PM10 (1.190, 1.045-1.356; I2 = 76.2 %), and NO2 (1.072, 1.028-1.118; I2 = 78.3 %). For short-term exposure, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 (per 10 μg/m3 increment) increased the risk of HF, with estimated ORs of 1.019 (1.008-1.030; I2 = 39.9 %), 1.012 (1.007-1.017; I2 = 28.3 %), 1.016 (1.005-1.026; I2 = 53.7 %), and 1.006 (1.002-1.010; I2 = 0.0 %), respectively. No significant effects of SO2 and CO exposure on the risk of HF were observed. In summary, our study powerfully highlights the deleterious impact of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 exposure (either short- or long-term) on HF risk. Serious efforts should be made to improve air quality through legislation and interdisciplinary cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiling Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Qin
- Department of Medical Record Management, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanqi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhuo Sun
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Assessment of Low-Level Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Incidence in Gdansk, Poland: Time-Series Cross-Sectional Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062206. [PMID: 36983207 PMCID: PMC10054494 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: More than 1.8 million people in the European Union die every year as a result of CVD, accounting for 36% of all deaths with a large proportion being premature (before the age of 65). There are more than 300 different risk factors of CVD, known and air pollution is one of them. The aim of this study was to investigate whether daily cardiovascular mortality was associated with air pollutants and meteorological conditions in an urban environment with a low level of air pollution. (2) Methods: Data on daily incidence of strokes and myocardial infarctions in the city of Gdansk were obtained from the National Health Fund (NHF) and covered the period from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018. Data on the level of pollution, i.e., SO2, NO, NO2, NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5, CO2, O3 and meteorological conditions came from the foundation: Agency of Regional Air Quality Monitoring in the Gdańsk metropolitan area (ARMAG). Using these data, we calculated mean values with standard deviation (SD) and derived the minimum and maximum values and interquartile range (IQR). Time series regression with Poisson distribution was used in statistical analysis. (4) Results: Stroke incidence is significantly affected by an increase in concentrations of NO, NO2 and NOx with RRs equal to 1.019 (95%CI: 1.001–1.036), 1.036 (95%CI: 1.008–1.064) and 1.017 (95%CI: 1.000–1.034) for every increase in IQR by 14.12, 14.62 and 22.62 μg/m3, respectively. Similarly, myocardial infarction incidence is significantly affected by an increase in concentrations of NO, NO2 and NOx with RRs equal to 1.030 (95%CI: 1.011–1.048), 1.053 (95%CI: 1.024–1.082) and 1.027 (95%CI: 1.010–1.045) for every increase in IQR by 14.12, 14.62 and 22.62 μg/m3, respectively. Both PM10 and PM2.5 were positively associated with myocardial infarction incidence. (5) Conclusions: In this time-series cross-sectional study, we found strong evidence that support the hypothesis that transient elevations in ambient PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO are associated with higher relative risk of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction incidents.
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Hasanovic M, Cetkovic T, Pourrut B, Caluk Klacar L, Hadzic Omanovic M, Durmic-Pasic A, Haveric S, Haveric A. Air pollution in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, assessed by plant comet assay. Mutagenesis 2023; 38:43-50. [PMID: 36342121 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) is among the European countries with the highest rate of air pollution-related death cases and the poorest air quality. The main causes are solid fuel consumption, traffic, and the poorly developed or implemented air pollution reduction policies. In addition, the city of Sarajevo, the capital of B&H, suffers temperature inversion episodes in autumn/winter months, which sustain air pollution. Human biomonitoring studies may be confounded by the lifestyle of subjects or possible metabolic alterations. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate Ligustrum vulgare L. as a model for air pollution monitoring by measuring DNA damage at one rural and two urban sites. DNA damage was measured as tail intensity (TI) in L. vulgare leaves, considering seasonal, sampling period, leaf position and staging, and spatial (urban versus rural) variation. Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on TI were assessed by periodical monitoring at one of the selected sites, while in-house grown L. vulgare plants were used to test differences between outdoor and indoor air pollution effects for the same sampling period. Significantly higher TI was generally observed in leaves collected in Campus in December 2020 and 2021 compared with March (P < 0.0001). Outer and adult leaves showed higher TI values, except for the rural site where no differences for these categories were found. Leaves collected in the proximity of the intensive traffic showed significantly higher TI values (P < 0.001), regardless of the sampling period and the stage of growth. In regards to the COVID-19 lockdown, higher TI (P < 0.001) was registered in December 2020, after the lockdown period, than in periods before COVID-19 outbreak or immediately after the lockdown in 2020. This also reflects mild air pollution conditions in summer. TI values for the in-house grown leaves were significantly lower compared to those in situ. Results showed that L. vulgare may present a consistent model for the air pollution biomonitoring but further studies are needed to establish the best association between L. vulgare physiology, air quality data, and air pollution effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujo Hasanovic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Tamara Cetkovic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS-ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Lejla Caluk Klacar
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maida Hadzic Omanovic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Adaleta Durmic-Pasic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanin Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Kim H, Samet JM, Bell ML. Association between Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and COVID-19 Mortality: A Population-Based Case-Crossover Study Using Individual-Level Mortality Registry Confirmed by Medical Examiners. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:117006. [PMID: 36367781 PMCID: PMC9651183 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested links between ambient air pollution and coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) mortality, yet confirmation by well-designed epidemiological studies with individual data is needed. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine whether short-term exposure to air pollution is associated with risk of mortality from COVID-19 for those infected with COVID-19. METHODS The Cook County Medical Examiner's Office reports individual-level data for deaths from COVID-19 that occur in its jurisdiction, which includes all confirmed COVID-19 deaths in Cook County, Illinois. Case-crossover analysis was conducted to estimate the associations of estimated short-term exposures to particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) on the day of death and up to 21 d before death at location of death with COVID-19. A total of 7,462 deaths from COVID-19 that occurred up to 28 February 2021 were included in the final analysis. We adjusted for potential confounders by time-stratified case-crossover design and by covariate adjustments (i.e., time-invariant factors, meteorological factors, viral transmission, seasonality, and time trend). RESULTS Of the 7,462 case and 25,457 self-control days, almost all were days with exposure levels below the PM2.5 24-h National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) (35 μg/m3); 98.9% had O3 levels below the maximum 8-h NAAQS (35.7 μg/m3 or 70 parts per billion). An interquartile range (IQR) increase (5.2 μg/m3) in cumulative 3-wk PM2.5 exposure was associated with a 69.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 34.6, 113.8] increase in risk of COVID-19 mortality. An IQR increase (8.2 μg/m3) in 3-d O3 exposure was associated with a 29.0% (95% CI: 9.9, 51.5) increase in risk of COVID-19 mortality. The associations differed by demographics or race/ethnicity. There was indication of modification of the associations by some comorbid conditions. DISCUSSION Short-term exposure to air pollution below the NAAQS may increase the mortality burden from COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10836.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghyok Kim
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Samet
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michelle L. Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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16
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Xi Y, Richardson DB, Kshirsagar AV, Wade TJ, Flythe JE, Whitsel EA, Rappold AG. Association Between Long-term Ambient PM 2.5 Exposure and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among US Hemodialysis Patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2022; 80:648-657.e1. [PMID: 35690155 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns) is a ubiquitous air pollutant with established adverse cardiovascular (CV) effects. However, quantitative estimates of the association between PM2.5 exposure and CV outcomes in the setting of kidney disease are limited. This study assessed the association of long-term PM2.5 exposure with CV events and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality among patients receiving maintenance in-center hemodialysis (HD). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS 314,079 adult kidney failure patients initiating HD between 2011 and 2016 identified from the US Renal Data System. EXPOSURE Estimated daily ZIP code-level PM2.5 concentrations were used to calculate each participant's annual average PM2.5 exposure based on the dialysis clinics visited during the 365 days before the outcome. OUTCOME CV event and CVD-specific mortality were ascertained based on ICD-9/ICD-10 diagnostic codes and recorded cause of death from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services form 2746. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Discrete time hazards models were used to estimate hazards ratios per 1 μg/m3 greater annual average PM2.5, adjusting for temperature, humidity, day of the week, season, age at baseline, race, employment status, and geographic region. Effect measure modification was assessed for age, sex, race, and baseline comorbidities. RESULTS Each 1 μg/m3 greater annual average PM2.5 was associated with a greater rate of CV events (HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01-1.02]) and CVD-specific mortality (HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.02-1.03]). The association was more pronounced for people who initiated dialysis at an older age, had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at baseline, or were Asian. Evidence of effect modification was also observed across strata of race, and other baseline comorbidities. LIMITATIONS Potential exposure misclassification and unmeasured confounding. CONCLUSIONS Long-term ambient PM2.5 exposure was associated with CVD outcomes among patients receiving maintenance in-center HD. Stronger associations between long-term PM2.5 exposure and adverse effects were observed among patients who were of advanced age, had COPD, or were Asian. PLAIN-LANGUAGE SUMMARY Long-term exposure to air pollution, also called PM2.5, has been linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, little is known about the association of PM2.5 and outcomes among patients receiving dialysis, who are individuals with high cardiovascular disease burdens. We conducted an epidemiological study to assess the association between the annual PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular events and death among patients receiving regular outpatient hemodialysis in the United States between 2011 and 2016. We found a higher risk of heart attacks, strokes, and related events in patients exposed to higher levels of air pollution. Stronger associations between air pollution and adverse health events were observed among patients who were older at the start of dialysis, had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or were Asian. These findings bolster the evidence base linking air pollution and adverse health outcomes and may inform policy makers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Xi
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David B Richardson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Abhijit V Kshirsagar
- University of North Carolina Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Timothy J Wade
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer E Flythe
- University of North Carolina Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ana G Rappold
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
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Sun Q, Cao B, Jiang Y, Zhuang J, Zhang C, Jiang B. Association between ambient particulate matter (PM 2.5/PM 10) and first incident ST-elevation myocardial infarction in Suzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62690-62697. [PMID: 35404033 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interests in evaluation of the effect of air pollution and weather conditions on cardiovascular disease have increased. However, the relationship between short-term particulate matter (PM) exposure and first incident ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains unclear. Medical records were collected from December 2013 to December 2016. A total of 1354 patients with first incident STEMI were included. The daily average of air pollution and weather conditions were calculated. In this case-crossover study, conditional logistic regression was performed to assess the association between daily concentrations of PM and first incident STEMI. The daily average of PM2.5 and PM10 were 58.9 μg/m3 and 80.2 μg/m3, respectively. In this case-crossover study, single-pollutant models showed that each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with a percent change of 3.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.01-5.77), or in PM10 percent change of 2.1%, 95%CI: (0.2-4.04) for patients with first incident STEMI. The association remained stable after adjusting for ozone (O3). The results from subgroup analysis showed the association slightly enhanced in women, elder patients, patients with history of diabetes, patients without history of smoking, and cold seasons. The p values were not significant between these strata, which may be due to small sample size. This investigation showed that short-term PM exposure associated with first incident STEMI in Suzhou. Given the effect of PM on the first incident STEMI, strategies to decrease PM should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital 4 of Nantong University, the First Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bangming Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin Zhuang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital 4 of Nantong University, the First Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
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Tian Y, Xiang M, Peng J, Duan Y, Wen Y, Huang S, Li L, Yu S, Cheng J, Zhang X, Wang P. Modification effects of seasonal and temperature variation on the association between exposure to nitrogen dioxide and ischemic stroke onset in Shenzhen, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:1747-1758. [PMID: 35750990 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The independent associations of extreme temperature and ambient air pollutant with the admission to hospital and mortality of ischemic stroke have been widely investigated. However, knowledge about the modification effects of variation in season and temperature on the association between exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ischemic stroke onset is still limited. This study purposed to explore the effect of NO2 on daily ischemic stroke onset modified by season and ambient temperature, and identify the potential population that susceptible to ischemic stroke onset connected with NO2 and ambient temperature. Data on daily ischemic stroke counts, weather conditions, and ambient air pollutant concentrations in Shenzhen were collected between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2014. The seasonal effect on the NO2-associated onset was measured by a distributed-lag linear model. Furthermore, a generalized additive model that incorporated with stratification analyses was used to calculate the interactive effects between NO2 and ambient temperature. During the winter, the average percentage increase in daily ischemic stroke onset for each 10 μg/m3 increment in NO2 concentration on lagged 2 days was 3.05% (95% CI: 1.31-4.82%), while there was no statistically significant effect of NO2 during summer. And the low-temperature days ([Formula: see text] mean temperature), with a 2.23% increase in incidence (95% CI: 1.18-3.29%) for the same concentration increase in NO2, were significant higher than high temperature days ([Formula: see text] mean temperature). The modification effects of temperature on the study association were more pronounced in individuals aged 65 years or more and in males. The adverse health effects of NO2 on ischemic stroke are more pronounced during winter or low temperature periods. Elderly adults or males presented higher risks with these exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ji Peng
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, 2021 Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanran Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Suli Huang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuyuan Yu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, 40 Daqing Rd, Jingzhou, 434000, Hubei, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Xi Y, Richardson DB, Kshirsagar AV, Wade TJ, Flythe JE, Whitsel EA, Peterson GC, Wyatt LH, Rappold AG. Effects of short-term ambient PM 2.5 exposure on cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality among U.S. hemodialysis patients: a retrospective cohort study. Environ Health 2022; 21:33. [PMID: 35277178 PMCID: PMC8917758 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient PM2.5 is a ubiquitous air pollutant with demonstrated adverse health impacts in population. Hemodialysis patients are a highly vulnerable population and may be particularly susceptible to the effects of PM2.5 exposure. This study examines associations between short-term PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality among patients receiving maintenance in-center hemodialysis. METHODS Using the United State Renal Data System (USRDS) registry, we enumerated a cohort of all US adult kidney failure patients who initiated in-center hemodialysis between 1/1/2011 and 12/31/2016. Daily ambient PM2.5 exposure estimates were assigned to cohort members based on the ZIP code of the dialysis clinic. CVD incidence and mortality were ascertained through 2016 based on USRDS records. Discrete time hazards regression was used to estimate the association between lagged PM2.5 exposure and CVD incidence, CVD-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality 1 t adjusting for temperature, humidity, day of the week, season, age at baseline, race, employment status, and geographic region. Effect measure modification was assessed for age, sex, race, and comorbidities. RESULTS Among 314,079 hemodialysis patients, a 10 µg/m3 increase in the average lag 0-1 daily PM2.5 exposure was associated with CVD incidence (HR: 1.03 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.04)), CVD mortality (1.05 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.08)), and all-cause mortality (1.04 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.06)). The association was larger for people who initiated dialysis at an older age, while minimal evidence of effect modification was observed across levels of sex, race, or baseline comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS Short-term ambient PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with incident CVD events and mortality among patients receiving in-center hemodialysis. Older patients appeared to be more susceptible to PM2.5-associated CVD events than younger hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David B Richardson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Abhijit V Kshirsagar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy J Wade
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer E Flythe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Peterson
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment Public Health, Chemical and Pollution Assessment Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lauren H Wyatt
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ana G Rappold
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Particulate Matter in an Urban–Industrial Environment: Comparing Data of Dispersion Modeling with Tree Leaves Deposition. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14020793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter represents a serious hazard to human health, and air quality models contribute to the understanding of its dispersion. This study describes particulate matter with a ≤10 μm diameter (PM10) dynamics in an urban–industrial area, through the comparison of three datasets: modeled (TAPM—The Air Pollution Model), measured concentration (environmental control stations—ECS), and leaf deposition values. Results showed a good agreement between ECS and TAPM data. A steel plant area was used as a PM10 emissions reference source, in relation to the four sampling areas, and a distance/wind-based factor was introduced (Steel Factor, SF). Through SF, the three datasets were compared. The SF was able to describe the PM10 dispersion values for ECS and leaf deposition (r2 = 0.61–0.94 for ECS; r2 = 0.45–0.70 for leaf); no relationship was found for TAPM results. Differences between measured and modeled data can be due to discrepancies in one district and explained by a lack of PM10 inventory for the steel plant emissions. The study suggests the use of TAPM as a suitable tool for PM10 modeling at the urban scale. Moreover, tree leaves are a low-cost tool to evaluate the urban environmental quality, by providing information on whether and when data from leaf deposition can be used as a proxy for air pollution concentration. Further studies to include the re-suspension of particles as a PM10 source within emission inventories are suggested.
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21
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Liu L, Zhu Y, Xu H, Wang Y, Wang T, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Chen J, Liu S, Yi T, Wu R, Liu S, Song X, Li J, Huang W. Short-term exposure to ambient ozone associated with cardiac arrhythmias in healthy adults. GLOBAL HEALTH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.glohj.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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22
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Wang T, Han Y, Li H, Wang Y, Chen X, Chen W, Qiu X, Gong J, Li W, Zhu T. Proinflammatory lipid signals trigger the health effects of air pollution in individuals with prediabetes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118008. [PMID: 34479157 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with metabolic disorders exhibit enhanced susceptibility to the cardiovascular health effects of particulate air pollution, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet understood. We aim to assess whether changes in proinflammatory lipid signals are associated with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure in individuals with and without prediabetes. A longitudinal panel study was conducted in Beijing, China, and included 120 participants followed up over 589 clinical visits from August 2013 to February 2015. We measured 12 lipids derived from arachidonic acid pathways in blood samples of the participants via targeted lipidomic analyses. Ambient PM2.5 concentrations were continuously monitored at a station for associations with the lipids. Among the 120 participants, 110 (mean [SD] age at recruitment, 56.5 [4.2] years; 31 prediabetics) who visited the clinic at least twice over the follow-up period were assigned exposure values of the outdoor residential PM2.5 concentrations during the 1-14 days preceding each clinical visit. With an interquartile range increase in the 1-day-lag PM2.5 exposure (64.0 μg/m3), the prediabetic group had consistently greater increases in the concentration of arachidonate metabolites derived from the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) pathway (5,6-DHET, 15.8% [95% CI, 3.5-29.7%]; 8,9-DHET, 9.7% [95% CI, 0.6-19.6%]; 11,12-DHET, 8.3% [95% CI, 1.9-15.1%]; 14,15-DHET, 7.4% [95% CI, 0.9-14.4%]; and 20-HETE, 8.9% [95% CI, 1.0-17.5%]), compared with the healthy group. Among CYP450-derived lipids, 14,15-DHET and 20-HETE significantly mediated 8% and 8% of the PM2.5-associated increase in white blood cells, 10% and 13% of that in neutrophils, and 20% and 23% of that in monocytes, respectively, in the prediabetic group. In conclusion, proinflammatory lipid signals from CYP450 pathways triggered the health effects of particulate air pollution in individuals with prediabetes, suggesting that targeting lipid metabolism has therapeutic potential to attenuate or prevent the cardiovascular effects of air pollution in susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqun Han
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Haonan Li
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; GRiC, Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Wu Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Gong
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiju Li
- Peking University Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Ischemic Heart Disease Hospitalizations: A Population-Based Time-Series Study in Wuhan, China, 2017-2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312527. [PMID: 34886253 PMCID: PMC8656788 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence of the acute effects of air pollutants on ischemic heart disease (IHD) hospitalizations based on the entire population of a megacity in central China is lacking. All IHD hospitalization records from 2017 to 2018 were obtained from the Wuhan Information Center of Health and Family Planning. Daily air pollutant concentrations and meteorological data were synchronously collected from the Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau. A time-series study using generalized additive models was conducted to systematically examine the associations between air pollutants and IHD hospitalizations. Stratified analyses by gender, age, season, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia were performed. In total, 139,616 IHD hospitalizations were included. Short-term exposure to air pollutants was positively associated with IHD hospitalizations. The age group ≥76 was at higher exposure risk, and the associations appeared to be more evident in cold seasons. PM2.5 and PM10 appeared to have greater effects on males and those without hypertension or diabetes, whereas NO2 and SO2 had greater effects on females and those with hypertension or diabetes. The risk of IHD hospitalization due to air pollutants was greater in people without hyperlipidemia. Our study provides new evidence of the effects of air pollution on the increased incidence of IHD in central China.
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Wu C, Yan Y, Chen X, Gong J, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Yang N, Dai J, Zhang F, Xiang H. Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and type 2 diabetes mortality: A population-based time series study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117886. [PMID: 34371265 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute health effects of air pollution on diabetes risk have not been fully studied in developing countries and the results remain inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mortality in China. Data on T2DM mortality from 2013 to 2019 were obtained from the Cause of Death Reporting System (CDRS) of Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Air pollution data for the same period were collected from 10 national air quality monitoring stations of Wuhan Ecology and Environment Institute, including daily average PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2. Meteorological data including daily average temperature and relative humidity were collected from Wuhan Meteorological Bureau. Generalized additive models (GAM) based on quasi-Poisson distribution were applied to evaluate the association between short-term exposure to air pollution and daily T2DM deaths. A total of 9837 T2DM deaths were recorded during the study period in Wuhan. We found that short-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 were positively associated with T2DM mortality, and gaseous pollutants appeared to have greater effects than particulate matter (PM). For the largest effect, per 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 (lag 02), PM10 (lag 02), SO2 (lag 03), and NO2 (lag 02) were significantly associated with 1.099% (95% CI: 0.451, 1.747), 1.016% (95% CI: 0.517, 1.514), 3.835% (95% CI: 1.480, 6.189), and 1.587% (95% CI: 0.646, 2.528) increase of daily T2DM deaths, respectively. Stratified analysis showed that females or elderly population aged 65 and above were more susceptible to air pollution exposure. In conclusion, short-term exposure to air pollution was significantly associated with a higher risk of T2DM mortality. Further research is required to verify our findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangxin Wu
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqiong Yan
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 288# Machang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 288# Machang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Gong
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 288# Machang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 288# Machang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 288# Machang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Niannian Yang
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 288# Machang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Dai
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 288# Machang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Faxue Zhang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Xiang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Wang M, Li H, Huang S, Qian Y, Steenland K, Xie Y, Papatheodorou S, Shi L. Short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111766. [PMID: 34331919 PMCID: PMC8578359 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution has been characterized as a leading cause of mortality worldwide and has been associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. There is increasing evidence that short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), is related to adverse health effects and mortality. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of short-term NO2 and daily mortality, which were indexed in PubMed and Embase up to June 2021. We calculated random-effects estimates by different continents and globally, and tested for heterogeneity and publication bias. RESULTS We included 87 articles in our quantitative analysis. NO2 and all-cause as well as cause-specific mortality were positively associated in the main analysis. For all-cause mortality, a 10 ppb increase in NO2 was associated with a 1.58% (95%CI 1.28%-1.88%, I2 = 96.3%, Eggers' test p < 0.01, N = 57) increase in the risk of death. For cause-specific mortality, a 10 ppb increase in NO2 was associated with a 1.72% (95%CI 1.41%-2.04%, I2 = 87.4%, Eggers' test p < 0.01, N = 42) increase in cardiovascular mortality and a 2.05% (95%CI 1.52%-2.59%, I2 = 78.5%, Eggers' test p < 0.01, N = 38) increase in respiratory mortality. In the sensitivity analysis, the meta-estimates for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality were nearly identical. The heterogeneity would decline to varying degrees through regional and study-design stratification. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of an association between short-term exposure to NO2, a proxy for traffic-sourced air pollutants, and all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Wang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haomin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shiwen Huang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yaoyao Qian
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kyle Steenland
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Years of Life Lost (YLL) Due to Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111467. [PMID: 34769981 PMCID: PMC8582650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Years of life lost (YLL) as a surrogate of health is important for supporting ambient air pollution related policy decisions. However, there has been little comprehensive evaluation of the short-term impact of air pollution on cause-specific YLL, especially in China. Hence in this study, we selected China as sentinel region in order to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate disease-specific YLL due to all the main ambient air pollutants. (2) Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate disease-specific YLL due to the main ambient air pollutants in China, and 19 studies were included. We conducted methodological quality and risk of bias assessment for each included study as well as for heterogeneity and publication bias. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed. (3) Results: Meta-analysis indicated that increases in PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 were associated with 1.99–5.84 years increase in YLL from non-accidental diseases. The increase in YLL to cardiovascular disease (CVD) was associated with PM10 and NO2, and the increase in YLL to respiratory diseases (RD) was associated with PM10. (4) Conclusions: Ambient air pollution was observed to be associated with several cause-specific YLL, increasing especially for elderly people and females.
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Risk and Resilience: How Is the Health of Older Adults and Immigrant People Living in Canada Impacted by Climate- and Air Pollution-Related Exposures? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010575. [PMID: 34682320 PMCID: PMC8535805 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the rapidly shifting Canadian climate, an ageing population, and increased migration, a greater understanding of how local climate and air pollution hazards impact older adults and immigrant populations will be necessary for mitigating and adapting to adverse health impacts. OBJECTIVES To explore the reported health impacts of climate change and air pollution exposures in older adults and immigrant people living in Canada, identify known factors influencing risk and resilience in these populations and gaps in the literature. METHODS We searched for research focused on older adults and immigrants living in Canada, published from 2010 onward, where the primary exposures were related to climate or air pollution. We extracted data on setting, exposures, health outcomes, and other relevant contextual factors. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We identified 52 eligible studies, most focused in Ontario and Quebec. Older people in Canada experience health risks due to climate and air pollution exposures. The extent of the risk depends on multiple factors. We found little information about the climate- and air pollution-related health impacts experienced by immigrant communities. CONCLUSIONS Further research about climate- and air pollution-related exposures, health, and which factors promote or reduce resiliency in Canada's older adults and immigrant communities is necessary.
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Air Pollution and Mortality in the Elderly in Kerman, Iran. HEALTH SCOPE 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Today, air pollution is a major issue in the world, particularly in metropolitan areas. Objectives: Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the relation between air pollution and mortality in the elderly in Kerman City. Methods: This ecological study was conducted using 2006 - 2013 mortality data inquired from the Deputy of Health of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The data on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, as well as death due to trauma, diabetes, and other diseases that happened in men and women aged 60 and higher were extracted. Air pollution data (CO, SO2, O3, NO, NO2, NOx, and PM10) for the same time frame were inquired from the Environmental Protection Agency of Kerman Province. Negative binomial regression was used to evaluate the relation between air pollutants and mortality using STATA13 software. Results: During the study period, a total of 14,793 deaths occurred in elderly men and women in Kerman City. Cardiovascular diseases were the leading cause of death. The results of multivariate analysis of air pollutants indicated that NO was directly and significantly related to the total number of deaths in the elderly, and increase in sulfur dioxide, ozone and NO was significantly related to increased mortality among elderly women. Carbon monoxide was significantly related to cardiovascular death of the elderly. But air pollutants did not show any significant effect on respiratory-, trauma-, and diabetes-related deaths. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that there is a significant relation between air pollution and mortality in the elderly. Accordingly, a warning system is suggested to reduce the elderly’s commuting on highly air polluted days.
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Arrivi A, Dominici M, Bier N, Truglio M, Vaudo G, Pucci G. Association Between Air Pollution and Acute Coronary Syndromes During Lockdown for COVID-19: Results From the Terni Hub Center. Front Public Health 2021; 9:683683. [PMID: 34249847 PMCID: PMC8264185 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.683683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During the lockdown for COVID-19, a massive decrease in hospital admissions for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and a drop in air pollution were both detected in Italy. Our aim was to investigate the possible association between these two events at the Province of Terni, one of the most polluted urban and industrial area in Central Italy. Methods: We analyzed data of daily 24-h urban air concentrations of particulate matter (PM)10 and PM2.5 from fixed station monitoring network located in the main city centers of the Terni province, and accesses for ACS at the catheterization laboratory of the Cardiological Hub Center of the Terni University Hospital during lockdown. A comparison was made with data corresponding to the same lockdown time period of years 2019, 2018, and 2017. Results: Invasive procedures for ACS decreased in 2020 (n = 49) as compared with previous years (n = 93 in 2019, n = 109 in 2018, and n = 89 in 2017, p < 0.001). Conversely, reductions in average PM10 (20.7 μg/m3) and PM2.5 (14.7 μg/m3) in 2020 were consistent with a long-term decreasing trend, being comparable to those recorded in 2019 and 2018 (all p > 0.05) and slightly lower than 2017 (p < 0.05). The Granger-causality test demonstrated the lack of association between time-varying changes in air pollution and the number of procedures for ACS. Conclusions: Our results did not support the hypothesis that reduction in invasive procedures for ACS during lockdown was linked to an air cleaning effect. Reasons other than reduced air pollution should be sought to explain the observed decrease in ACS procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Arrivi
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, "Santa Maria" University Hospital, Terni, Italy
| | - Marcello Dominici
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, "Santa Maria" University Hospital, Terni, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Bier
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, "Santa Maria" University Hospital, Terni, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mauro Truglio
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Vaudo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Unit of Internal Medicine, "Santa Maria" University Hospital, Terni, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Unit of Internal Medicine, "Santa Maria" University Hospital, Terni, Italy
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Zhang X, Li Y, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yao X. Assessment of Regional Health Vulnerability to Extreme Heat - China, 2019. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:490-494. [PMID: 34594920 PMCID: PMC8422232 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
What is already known on this topic? The health risk caused by high-temperatures depends on the interaction between high temperature exposure and the sensitivity and adaptability of the affected populations. What is added by this report? A comprehensive assessment model was established by principal component analysis using the data of 19 cities, 15 provincial-level administrative divisions and used to identify regional characteristics and major influencing factors of health vulnerability to extreme heat in China. What are the implications for public health practice? The results of the health vulnerability assessment could effectively identify the regions highly vulnerable to extreme heat in China and provide scientific evidence for the development of adaptive measures and resource allocation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhang Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yibin Cheng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Kim H, Lee JT. Inter-mortality displacement hypothesis and short-term effect of ambient air pollution on mortality in seven major cities of South Korea: a time-series analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:1802-1812. [PMID: 33211858 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inter-mortality displacement (IMD) between cause-specific mortalities has not been introduced in air pollution epidemiology. Investigation into IMD would provide insights on the actual health burden of air pollution and interpretation of associations. We aimed to investigate IMD regarding short-term effect of air pollution on mortality. METHODS We illustrated manifestations and interpretations of lag-mortality associations. If IMD exists, a net increase of one cause-specific death can be offset by a net decrease of other cause-specific deaths. We conducted a time-series analysis to estimate associations of ambient particulate matter smaller than 10 µm (PM10), ozone (O3), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) with mortality, considering lags up to the previous 45 days, for seven major cities of South Korea from 2006 to 2013. Attributable mortality cases were identified. RESULTS For O3, respiratory mortality [11 929 cases, 95% empirical confidence interval (eCI), 5358, 17 688 cases] was counterbalanced by cardiovascular mortality (-11 272 cases, 95% eCI: -22 444, -629 cases). All-cause mortality was 37 148 cases (95% eCI: 4448, 68 782 cases). For PM10, respiratory deaths were 9167 cases (95% eCI: 563, 16 521 cases), and cardiovascular deaths were 6929 cases (95% eCI: -11 793, 24 138 cases). Estimates for SO2 were comparable to those for PM10. All-cause mortality attributable to NO2 was explained by short-term mortality displacement. No associations with mortality were found for CO. CONCLUSIONS IMD may exist in the relationship between air pollution and mortality. The actual relationship between air pollution and cause-specific mortality may be masked by IMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghyok Kim
- BK21PLUS Program in 'Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction', Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jong-Tae Lee
- BK21PLUS Program in 'Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction', Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Environmental Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,School of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Association between short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide and ischemic heart disease and non-accidental death in Changsha city, China. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251108. [PMID: 33939751 PMCID: PMC8092655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the effects of short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the central and southern China areas on ischemic heart disease (IHD) and non-accidental deaths. Method We investigated the associations between short-term exposure to SO2 and CO in a city in south-central China and IHD and non-accidental death using a time-series design and generalized additive models with up to a 5-day lag adjusting for day of the week, temperature, air pressure, wind speed, and relative humidity. The relative risks of IHD and non-accidental death per 10-unit increase in SO2 and CO were derived from zero to five days in single-pollutant models. Results Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 10,507 IHD and 44,070 non-accidental deaths were identified. The largest significant relative risk for IHD death was lag 02 for both SO2 (1.080; 95% confidence interval: 1.075–1.084) and CO (5.297; 95% confidence interval: 5.177–5.418) in single-pollutants models. A significant association was shown at all lag multiple-day moving averages. Two-pollutant models identified an association between SO2 and mortality when adjusting for CO. In stratified analyses, SO2 exhibited a stronger association with death during the cold season, while CO exhibited a stronger association with mortality from IHD during the warm season. The risk of death was more robust in the elderly for both pollutants, but was greater in men for CO and in women for SO2. Conclusions Overall, we found an association between short-term exposure to low-level SO2 and CO and the risk of IHD and non-accidental death.
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Chen K, Breitner S, Wolf K, Stafoggia M, Sera F, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Guo Y, Tong S, Lavigne E, Matus P, Valdés N, Kan H, Jaakkola JJK, Ryti NRI, Huber V, Scortichini M, Hashizume M, Honda Y, Nunes B, Madureira J, Holobâcă IH, Fratianni S, Kim H, Lee W, Tobias A, Íñiguez C, Forsberg B, Åström C, Ragettli MS, Guo YLL, Chen BY, Li S, Milojevic A, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, Bell ML, Gasparrini A, Schneider A. Ambient carbon monoxide and daily mortality: a global time-series study in 337 cities. Lancet Planet Health 2021; 5:e191-e199. [PMID: 33838734 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence on short-term association between ambient carbon monoxide (CO) and mortality is inconclusive and limited to single cities, regions, or countries. Generalisation of results from previous studies is hindered by potential publication bias and different modelling approaches. We therefore assessed the association between short-term exposure to ambient CO and daily mortality in a multicity, multicountry setting. METHODS We collected daily data on air pollution, meteorology, and total mortality from 337 cities in 18 countries or regions, covering various periods from 1979 to 2016. All included cities had at least 2 years of both CO and mortality data. We estimated city-specific associations using confounder-adjusted generalised additive models with a quasi-Poisson distribution, and then pooled the estimates, accounting for their statistical uncertainty, using a random-effects multilevel meta-analytical model. We also assessed the overall shape of the exposure-response curve and evaluated the possibility of a threshold below which health is not affected. FINDINGS Overall, a 1 mg/m3 increase in the average CO concentration of the previous day was associated with a 0·91% (95% CI 0·32-1·50) increase in daily total mortality. The pooled exposure-response curve showed a continuously elevated mortality risk with increasing CO concentrations, suggesting no threshold. The exposure-response curve was steeper at daily CO levels lower than 1 mg/m3, indicating greater risk of mortality per increment in CO exposure, and persisted at daily concentrations as low as 0·6 mg/m3 or less. The association remained similar after adjustment for ozone but was attenuated after adjustment for particulate matter or sulphur dioxide, or even reduced to null after adjustment for nitrogen dioxide. INTERPRETATION This international study is by far the largest epidemiological investigation on short-term CO-related mortality. We found significant associations between ambient CO and daily mortality, even at levels well below current air quality guidelines. Further studies are warranted to disentangle its independent effect from other traffic-related pollutants. FUNDING EU Horizon 2020, UK Medical Research Council, and Natural Environment Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ana M Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yuming Guo
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shilu Tong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Eric Lavigne
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Matus
- Department of Public Health, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Valdés
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jouni J K Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niilo R I Ryti
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Veronika Huber
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Baltazar Nunes
- Department of Epidemiology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Madureira
- Department of Enviromental Health, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Simona Fratianni
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Ho Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Whanhee Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aurelio Tobias
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Barcelona, Spain; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Carmen Íñiguez
- Department of Statistics and Computational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Ciberesp, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christofer Åström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martina S Ragettli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yue-Liang Leon Guo
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yu Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shanshan Li
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ai Milojevic
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Feng Y, Jones MR, Chu NM, Segev DL, McAdams-DeMarco M. Ambient Air Pollution and Mortality among Older Patients Initiating Maintenance Dialysis. Am J Nephrol 2021; 52:217-227. [PMID: 33789279 DOI: 10.1159/000514233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (particulate matter with diameter <2.5 µm [PM2.5]) is associated with CKD progression and may impact the health of patients living with kidney failure. While older (aged ≥65 years) adults are most vulnerable to the impact of PM2.5, it is unclear whether older patients on dialysis are at elevated risk of mortality when exposed to fine particulate matter. METHODS Older adults initiating dialysis (2010-2016) were identified from US Renal Data System (USRDS). PM2.5 concentrations were obtained from NASA's Socioeconomic Data and Application Center (SEDAC) Global Annual PM2.5 Grids. We investigated the association between PM2.5 and all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazard models with linear splines [knot at the current Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Ambient Air Quality Standard for PM2.5 of 12 μg/m3] and robust variance. RESULTS For older dialysis patients who resided in areas with high PM2.5, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with 1.16-fold (95% CI: 1.08-1.25) increased risk of mortality; furthermore, those who were female (aHR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.13-1.42), Black (aHR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.09-1.59), or had diabetes as a primary cause of kidney failure (aHR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.13-1.38) were most vulnerable to high PM2.5. While the mortality risk associated with PM2.5 was stronger at higher levels (aHR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.08-1.32), at lower levels (≤12 μg/m3), PM2.5 was significantly associated with mortality risk (aHR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.07) among patients aged ≥75 years (Pslope difference = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Older adults initiating dialysis who resided in ZIP codes with PM2.5 levels >12 μg/m3 are at increased risk of mortality. Those aged >75 were at elevated risk even at levels below the EPA Standard for PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Feng
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Miranda R Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nadia M Chu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dorry L Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mara McAdams-DeMarco
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Shin HH, Parajuli RP, Gogna P, Maquiling A, Dehghani P. Pollutant-sex specific differences in respiratory hospitalization and mortality risk attributable to short-term exposure to ambient air pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:143135. [PMID: 33168238 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have reported associations of individual pollutants with respiratory hospitalization and mortality based on different populations, which makes it difficult to directly compare adverse health effects among multiple air pollutants. OBJECTIVES The study goal is to compare acute respiratory-related hospitalization and mortality associated with short-term exposure to three ambient air pollutants and analyze differences in health risks by season, age and sex. METHODS Hourly measurements of air pollutants (ozone, NO2, PM2.5) and temperature were collected from ground-monitors for 24 cities along with daily hospitalization (1996-2012) and mortality (1984-2012) data. National associations between air pollutant and health outcome were estimated for season (warm, cold vs. year-round), age (base ≥ 1, seniors > 65), and sex (females ≥ 1 and males ≥ 1) using Bayesian hierarchical models. RESULTS Overall, the three air pollutants were significantly associated with acute respiratory health outcomes at different lag-days. For respiratory hospitalization, the increased risks in percent changes with 95% posterior intervals for a 10-unit increase in each pollutant were: ozone (lag1, 0.7% (0.4, 0.9)), NO2 (lag0, 0.7% (0.1, 1.4)), and PM2.5 (lag1, 1.3% (0.7, 1.9)). For respiratory mortality: ozone (lag2, 1.2% (0.4, 1.9)), NO2 (lag1, 2.1% (0.6, 3.5)), and PM2.5 (lag1, 0.6% (-1.0, 2.2)). While some differences in risk were observed by season and age group, sex-specific differences were more pronounced. Compared with males, females had a higher respiratory mortality risk (1.8% (0.6, 2.9) vs 0.5% (-0.3, 1.3)) from ozone, a higher respiratory hospitalization risk (0.9% (0.0, 1.8) vs 0.6% (-0.3, 1.4)) but lower mortality risk (1.4% (-1.0, 3.7) vs 2.2% (0.4, 4.0)) from NO2, and a lower hospitalization risk (0.7% (-0.2, 1.7) vs 1.8% (1.0, 2.6)) from PM2.5. CONCLUSION This study reports significant health effects of short-term exposure to three ambient air pollutants on respiratory hospitalization (ozone≈NO2 < PM2.5 per-10 unit; ozone>NO2 ≈ PM2.5 per-IQR) and mortality (ozone≈NO2 > PM2.5) in Canada. Pollutant-sex-specific differences were found, but inconclusive due to limited biological and physiological explanations. Further studies are warranted to understand the pollutant-sex specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwashin Hyun Shin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Priyanka Gogna
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Aubrey Maquiling
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Parvin Dehghani
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Wang P, Zhang X, Hashizume M, Goggins WB, Luo C. A systematic review on lagged associations in climate-health studies. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1199-1212. [PMID: 33448301 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lagged associations in climate-health studies have already been ubiquitously acknowledged in recent years. Despite extensive time-series models having proposed accounting for lags, few studies have addressed the question of maximum-lag specification, which could induce considerable deviations of effect estimates. METHODS We searched the PubMed and Scopus electronic databases for existing climate-health literature in the English language with a time-series or case-crossover study design published during 2000-2019 to summarize the statistical methodologies and reported lags of associations between climate variables and 14 common causes of morbidity and mortality. We also aggregated the results of the included studies by country and climate zone. RESULTS The associations between infectious-disease outcomes and temperatures were found to be lagged for ∼1-2 weeks for influenza, 3-6 weeks for diarrhoea, 7-12 weeks for malaria and 6-16 weeks for dengue fever. Meanwhile, the associations between both cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and hot temperatures lasted for <5 days, whereas the associations between cardiovascular diseases and cold temperatures were observed to be 10-20 days. In addition, rainfall showed a 4- to 10-week lagged association with infectious diarrheal diseases, whereas the association could be further delayed to 8-12 weeks for vector-borne diseases. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated some general patterns for possible lagged associations between some common health outcomes and climatic exposures, and suggested a necessity for a biologically plausible and reasonable definition of the effect lag in the modelling practices for future environmental epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Wang
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuyi Zhang
- Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - William B Goggins
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Luo
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Niu Z, Liu F, Li B, Li N, Yu H, Wang Y, Tang H, Chen X, Lu Y, Cheng Z, Liu S, Chen G, Zhang Y, Xiang H. Acute effect of ambient fine particulate matter on heart rate variability: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of panel studies. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:77. [PMID: 33261557 PMCID: PMC7706193 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is a predictor of autonomic system dysfunction, and is considered as a potential mechanism of increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) induced by exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5). Previous studies have suggested that exposure to PM2.5 may lead to decreased HRV levels, but the results remain inconsistent. Methods An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of panel studies till November 1, 2019 was conducted to evaluate the acute effect of exposure to ambient PM2.5 on HRV. We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) to identify panel studies reporting the associations between exposure to PM2.5 and the four indicators of HRV (standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences in adjacent normal-to-normal intervals (rMSSD), high frequency power (HF), and low frequency power (LF)). Random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect estimates. Results A total of 33 panel studies were included in our meta-analysis, with 16 studies conducted in North America, 12 studies in Asia, and 5 studies in Europe. The pooled results showed a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure which was significantly associated with a − 0.92% change in SDNN (95% confidence intervals (95%CI) − 1.26%, − 0.59%), − 1.47% change in rMSSD (95%CI − 2.17%, − 0.77%), − 2.17% change in HF (95%CI − 3.24%, − 1.10%), and − 1.52% change in LF (95%CI − 2.50%, − 0.54%), respectively. Overall, subgroup analysis suggested that short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with lower HRV levels in Asians, healthy population, and those aged ≥ 40 years. Conclusion Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with decreased HRV levels. Future studies are warranted to clarity the exact mechanism of exposure to PM2.5 on the cardiovascular system through disturbance of autonomic nervous function. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12199-020-00912-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Niu
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Baojing Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18, Solna, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Na Li
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- School of Management, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37# Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongbo Wang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Public Health Sciences, University Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Zilu Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 122# Luoshi Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Suyang Liu
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China. .,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hao Xiang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China. .,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.
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Villeneuve PJ, Goldberg MS. Methodological Considerations for Epidemiological Studies of Air Pollution and the SARS and COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreaks. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:95001. [PMID: 32902328 PMCID: PMC7480171 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported that ambient air pollution is associated with an increased risk of developing or dying from coronavirus-2 (COVID-19). Methodological approaches to investigate the health impacts of air pollution on epidemics should differ from those used for chronic diseases, but the methods used in these studies have not been appraised critically. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to identify and critique the methodological approaches of studies of air pollution on infections and mortality due to COVID-19 and to identify and critique the methodological approaches of similar studies concerning severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). METHODS Published and unpublished papers of associations between air pollution and developing or dying from COVID-19 or SARS that were reported as of 10 May 2020 were identified through electronic databases, internet searches, and other sources. RESULTS All six COVID-19 studies and two of three SARS studies reported positive associations. Two were time series studies that estimated associations between daily changes in air pollution, one was a cohort that assessed associations between air pollution and the secondary spread of SARS, and six were ecological studies that used area-wide exposures and outcomes. Common shortcomings included possible cross-level bias in ecological studies, underreporting of health outcomes, using grouped data, the lack of highly spatially resolved air pollution measures, inadequate control for confounding and evaluation of effect modification, not accounting for regional variations in the timing of outbreaks' temporal changes in at-risk populations, and not accounting for nonindependence of outcomes. DISCUSSION Studies of air pollution and novel coronaviruses have relied mainly on ecological measures of exposures and outcomes and are susceptible to important sources of bias. Although longitudinal studies with individual-level data may be imperfect, they are needed to adequately address this topic. The complexities involved in these types of studies underscore the need for careful design and for peer review. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Villeneuve
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Hospital Centre, Montreal, Canada
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Kuźma Ł, Struniawski K, Pogorzelski S, Bachórzewska-Gajewska H, Dobrzycki S. Gender Differences in Association between Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in the Capital of the Green Lungs of Poland-Population-Based Study with 2,953,000 Person-Years of Follow-Up. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2351. [PMID: 32717977 PMCID: PMC7464921 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: air pollution is considered to be one of the main risk factors for public health. According to the European Environment Agency (EEA), air pollution contributes to the premature deaths of approximately 500,000 citizens of the European Union (EU), including almost 5000 inhabitants of Poland every year. (2) Purpose: to assess the gender differences in the impact of air pollution on the mortality in the population of the city of Bialystok-the capital of the Green Lungs of Poland. (3) Materials and Methods: based on the data from the Central Statistical Office, the number-and causes of death-of Białystok residents in the period 2008-2017 were analyzed. The study utilized the data recorded by the Provincial Inspectorate for Environmental Protection station and the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management during the analysis period. Time series regression with Poisson distribution was used in statistical analysis. (4) Results: A total of 34,005 deaths had been recorded, in which women accounted for 47.5%. The proportion of cardiovascular-related deaths was 48% (n = 16,370). An increase of SO2 concentration by 1-µg/m3 (relative risk (RR) 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.12; p = 0.005) and a 10 °C decrease of temperature (RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05; p = 0.005) were related to an increase in the number of daily deaths. No gender differences in the impact of air pollution on mortality were observed. In the analysis of the subgroup of cardiovascular deaths, the main pollutant that was found to have an effect on daily mortality was particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5); the RR for 10-µg/m3 increase of PM2.5 was 1.07 (95% CI 1.02-1.12; p = 0.01), and this effect was noted only in the male population. (5) Conclusions: air quality and atmospheric conditions had an impact on the mortality of Bialystok residents. The main air pollutant that influenced the mortality rate was SO2, and there were no gender differences in the impact of this pollutant. In the male population, an increased exposure to PM2.5 concentration was associated with significantly higher cardiovascular mortality. These findings suggest that improving air quality, in particular, even with lower SO2 levels than currently allowed by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, may benefit public health. Further studies on this topic are needed, but our results bring questions whether the recommendations concerning acceptable concentrations of air pollutants should be stricter, or is there a safe concentration of SO2 in the air at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kuźma
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (K.S.); (S.P.); (H.B.-G.); (S.D.)
| | - Krzysztof Struniawski
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (K.S.); (S.P.); (H.B.-G.); (S.D.)
| | - Szymon Pogorzelski
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (K.S.); (S.P.); (H.B.-G.); (S.D.)
| | - Hanna Bachórzewska-Gajewska
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (K.S.); (S.P.); (H.B.-G.); (S.D.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Dobrzycki
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (K.S.); (S.P.); (H.B.-G.); (S.D.)
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40
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Ethan CJ, Mokoena KK, Yu Y, Shale K, Fan Y, Rong J, Liu F. Association between PM 2.5 and mortality of stomach and colorectal cancer in Xi'an: a time-series study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22353-22363. [PMID: 32314282 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Globally, fine particulate matter has been associated with several health problems including cancer. However, most studies focused mainly on lung cancer. Stomach and colorectal cancers play significant roles in increasing public health's cancer globally. This study focused on investigating a possible significant association between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and mortality due to stomach and colorectal cancer in Xi'an from 2014 to 2016. Using time-series analysis, the study applied both single and multi-pollutant(s) approaches for investigations; PM2.5 was the pollutant of interest. Generalized additive model (GAM) was the core statistical method used with the addition of distributed lag model (DLM) to observe delayed effects. As a single pollutant, PM2.5 was significantly associated with stomach cancer mortality only RR (95%CI): 1.0003 (1.0001, 1.002). For the multi-pollutant analysis, PM2.5 combinations with NO2 were significantly associated with both stomach and colorectal cancer mortality RR (95%CI): 1.0103 (1.009, 1.021) and 1.054 (1.0324, 1.0667), respectively. Also, PM2.5 combination with O3 was significantly associated with colorectal cancer mortality, RR (95%CI): 1.0151 (1.0091, 1.0172), but no association was noted for combination with SO2. Though this study has reported significant associations, it will be beneficial for the public's health if more studies further investigate the relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and other cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Jane Ethan
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Yan Yu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Karabo Shale
- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yameng Fan
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Rong
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Yan M, Li C, Zhang L, Chen X, Yang X, Shan A, Li X, Wu H, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Guo P, Dong G, Liu Y, Chen J, Wang T, Zhao B, Tang NJ. Association between long-term exposure to Sulfur dioxide pollution and hypertension incidence in northern China: a 12-year cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21826-21835. [PMID: 32279275 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have researched the short-term effect of sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure on hypertension. However, no evidence has provided the relationship between long-term high pollution exposure of SO2 and morbidity of hypertension in cohort studies in China. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate this association. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine the hazard ratios (HR) for hypertension risks from 1998 to 2009 associated with accumulative exposure of air SO2 among adults in northern China. Annual average concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were obtained from 15 local environmental monitoring centers. Hypertension was identified according to self-reported diagnostic time and treatment for hypertension with anti-hypertensive medication. Among 37,386 participants, 2619 new cases of hypertension were identified during 426,334 person-years. In the fully adjusted model, HR and 95% confidence interval (CI) of hypertension incidence for each 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2 were 1.176 (1.163 and 1.189). Results from stratified analyses suggested that effects of SO2 on hypertension morbidity were more pronounced in participants < 60 years old, tea drinkers, and those with high education, high poultry consumption, and active (occasional and frequent) exercise. We found that long-term exposure to high levels of SO2 increased the risk of incidence of hypertension in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Meteorological Station Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Chaokang Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Meteorological Station Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Meteorological Station Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Meteorological Station Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Meteorological Station Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Anqi Shan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Meteorological Station Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Meteorological Station Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Meteorological Station Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Meteorological Station Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Meteorological Station Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Pengyi Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Meteorological Station Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yamin Liu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Baoxin Zhao
- Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Nai-Jun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Meteorological Station Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Sgrigna G, Baldacchini C, Dreveck S, Cheng Z, Calfapietra C. Relationships between air particulate matter capture efficiency and leaf traits in twelve tree species from an Italian urban-industrial environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137310. [PMID: 32088481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution in the urban environment is widely recognized as one of the most harmful threats for human health. International organizations such as the United Nations and the European Commission are highlighting the potential role of nature in mitigating air pollution and are now funding the implementation of Nature-Based Solutions, especially at the city level. Over the past few decades, the attention of the scientific community has grown around the role of urban forest in air pollution mitigation. Nevertheless, the understanding on Particulate Matter (PM) retention mechanisms by tree leaves is still limited. In this study, twelve tree species were sampled within an urban park of an industrial city. Two techniques were used for leaf analysis: Vacuum/Filtration and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, in order to obtain a quali-quantitative analysis of the different PM size fractions. Results showed that deposited PM loads vary significantly among species. Different leaf traits, including micro and macromorphological characteristics, were observed, measured and ranked, with the final aim to relate them with PM load. Even if no significant correlation between each single leaf characteristic and PM deposition was observed (p > 0.05), multivariate analysis revealed relationships between clusters of leaf traits and deposited PM. Thus, by assigning a score to each trait, an Accumulation index (Ai) was calculated, which was significantly related to the leaf deposited PM load (p ≤ 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sgrigna
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, TR, Italy
| | - C Baldacchini
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, TR, Italy; Biophysics and Nanoscience Centre, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - S Dreveck
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Z Cheng
- Brooklyn College, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brooklyn, NY, United States; Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - C Calfapietra
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, TR, Italy; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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43
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Contribution of Satellite-Derived Aerosol Optical Depth PM 2.5 Bayesian Concentration Surfaces to Respiratory-Cardiovascular Chronic Disease Hospitalizations in Baltimore, Maryland. ATMOSPHERE 2020; 11:209. [PMID: 33981453 PMCID: PMC8112581 DOI: 10.3390/atmos11020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The fine particulate matter baseline (PMB), which includes PM2.5 monitor readings fused with Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model predictions, using the Hierarchical Bayesian Model (HBM), is less accurate in rural areas without monitors. To address this issue, an upgraded HBM was used to form four experimental aerosol optical depth (AOD)-PM2.5 concentration surfaces. A case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression evaluated the contribution of the AOD-PM2.5 surfaces and PMB to four respiratory-cardiovascular hospital events in all 99 12 km2 CMAQ grids, and in grids with and without ambient air monitors. For all four health outcomes, only two AOD-PM2.5 surfaces, one not kriged (PMC) and the other kriged (PMCK), had significantly higher Odds Ratios (ORs) on lag days 0, 1, and 01 than PMB in all grids, and in grids without monitors. In grids with monitors, emergency department (ED) asthma PMCK on lag days 0, 1 and 01 and inpatient (IP) heart failure (HF) PMCK ORs on lag days 01 were significantly higher than PMB ORs. Warm season ORs were significantly higher than cold season ORs. Independent confirmation of these results should include AOD-PM2.5 concentration surfaces with greater temporal-spatial resolution, now easily available from geostationary satellites, such as GOES-16 and GOES-17.
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Paul LA, Burnett RT, Kwong JC, Hystad P, van Donkelaar A, Bai L, Goldberg MS, Lavigne E, Copes R, Martin RV, Kopp A, Chen H. The impact of air pollution on the incidence of diabetes and survival among prevalent diabetes cases. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105333. [PMID: 31775094 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growing evidence implicates ambient air pollutants in the development of major chronic diseases and premature mortality. However, epidemiologic evidence linking air pollution to diabetes remains inconclusive. This study sought to determine the relationships between selected air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide [NO2], fine particulate matter [PM2.5], ozone [O3], and oxidant capacity [Ox; the redox-weighted average of O3 and NO2]) and the incidence of diabetes, as well as the risk of cardiovascular or diabetes mortality among individuals with prevalent diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We followed two cohorts, which included 4.8 million Ontario adults free of diabetes and 452,590 Ontario adults with prevalent diabetes, from 2001 to 2015. Area-level air pollution exposures were assigned to subjects' residential areas, and outcomes were ascertained using health administrative data with validated algorithms. We estimated hazard ratios for the association between each air pollutant and outcome using Cox proportional hazards models, and modelled the shape of the concentration-response relationships. RESULTS Over the study period, 790,461 individuals were diagnosed with diabetes. Among those with prevalent diabetes, 26,653 died from diabetes and 64,773 died from cardiovascular diseases. For incident diabetes, each IQR increase in NO2 had a hazard ratio of 1.04 (95% CI: 1.03-1.05). This relationship was relatively robust to all sensitivity analyses considered, and exhibited a near-linear shape. There were also positive associations between incident diabetes and PM2.5, O3, and Ox, but these estimates were somewhat sensitive to different models considered. Among those with prevalent diabetes, almost all pollutants were associated with increased diabetes and cardiovascular mortality risk. The strongest association was observed between diabetes mortality and exposure to NO2 (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.13). CONCLUSIONS Selected air pollutants, especially NO2, were linked to an increased risk of incident diabetes, as well as risk of cardiovascular or diabetes mortality among persons with prevalent diabetes. As NO2 is frequently used as a proxy for road traffic exposures, this result may indicate that traffic-related air pollution has the strongest effect on diabetes etiology and survival after diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Paul
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Public Health Ontario, 480 University Ave. Suite 300, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2, Canada.
| | - Richard T Burnett
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Finance Bldg, 101 Tunney's Pasture Drwy, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey C Kwong
- Public Health Ontario Laboratories, Public Health Ontario, 480 University Ave. Suite 300, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2, Canada; ICES, 2075 Bayview Ave. G1 06, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St. Room 500, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave. 5(th) Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada.
| | - Perry Hystad
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Women's Bldg, 160 SW 26th St., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Sir James Dunn Bldg, 6310 Coburg Rd., Halifax, NS B3H 4J5, Canada.
| | - Li Bai
- ICES, 2075 Bayview Ave. G1 06, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd Suite D05-2212, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, 687 Pine Ave. W R4.29, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
| | - Eric Lavigne
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Ave. W A.L. 4903B, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Alta Vista Campus, 600 Peter Morand Cres. Room 101, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada.
| | - Ray Copes
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Public Health Ontario, 480 University Ave. Suite 300, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St. Room 500, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada.
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Sir James Dunn Bldg, 6310 Coburg Rd., Halifax, NS B3H 4J5, Canada.
| | - Alexander Kopp
- ICES, 2075 Bayview Ave. G1 06, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Public Health Ontario, 480 University Ave. Suite 300, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2, Canada; Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Finance Bldg, 101 Tunney's Pasture Drwy, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; ICES, 2075 Bayview Ave. G1 06, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St. Room 500, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada.
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Duan Y, Liao Y, Li H, Yan S, Zhao Z, Yu S, Fu Y, Wang Z, Yin P, Cheng J, Jiang H. Effect of changes in season and temperature on cardiovascular mortality associated with nitrogen dioxide air pollution in Shenzhen, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134051. [PMID: 31487586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intricate association of mortality risk with ambient air pollution and temperature is of growing concern. Little is known regarding effect of changes in season and temperature on daily cardiovascular mortality associated with air pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO2). OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to assess the effect of NO2 on cardiovascular mortality modified by season and daily air temperature in the effect, and further to identify the population highly susceptible to cardiovascular mortality associated with NO2 and air temperature. METHODS We collected daily cause-specific death data, weather conditions, and air pollutant concentrations in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2017. Distributed-lag linear models were employed to analyze the effect of season on the NO2-associated mortality. Furthermore, generalized additive models were combined with stratification parametric analysis to estimate the interaction effect of NO2 with air temperature on cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS In the cold season, the percentage increase in daily mortality for every 10 μg/m3 increment in NO2 concentration over lags of 0-2 days was 4.45% (95% CI: 2.71-6.21%). However, no statistically significant effect of NO2 was observed in the warm season. Compared with high-temperature days (>median temperature), a 3.51% increase in mortality (95% CI: 2.04-5.01%) over low-temperature days (≤median temperature) for the same increase in NO2 was significant. Air temperature modified the effect of NO2 on daily mortality by 4.08% (95% CI: 2.28-5.91%) for the elderly (age ≥ 65 years) on low-temperature days vs. -0.82% (95% CI: -3.88-2.34%) on high-temperature days, and 3.38% (95% CI: 1.50-5.29%) for males on low-temperature days vs. -0.73% (95% CI: -3.83-2.47%) on high air temperature days. CONCLUSIONS The cold season and low temperatures could significantly enhance the effect of NO2 on cardiovascular mortality. The elderly and males suffering from cardiovascular disease should take precautions against low temperature and NO2 air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Public Health Promotion, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyu Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhao
- Department of Public Health Promotion, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuyuan Yu
- Department of environment and health, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingbin Fu
- Department of Public Health Promotion, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Jung EJ, Na W, Lee KE, Jang JY. Elderly Mortality and Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone. J Korean Med Sci 2019; 34:e311. [PMID: 31833266 PMCID: PMC6911868 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects on particulate matter (PM) and ozone on health are being reported by a number of studies. The effects of these air pollutants are likely to be stronger in the elderly population, but studies in this regard are scarce. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of PM ≤ 2.5 μ and ozone on chronic health effects of the elderly population. METHODS In order to analyze the health status of the elderly population, National Statistical Office Mortality records were used. In this study, we calculated the number of deaths in Seoul of people who were 60 years or older between 2002 and 2012. The current study analyzed each disorder separately and the lag effect. PM and ozone were analyzed using the single exposure model, as well as the adjusted multi exposure model. RESULTS In the single exposure analysis with PM2.5 as the exposure variable, with the increase of 10 μ/m³, the number of deaths increased by 1.0039 fold, and vascular disease 1.0053 fold. In the multi exposure model adjusting for ozone, the number of deaths increased by 1.0037 fold, and vascular disease 1.0049 fold. In the single exposure analysis with ozone as the exposure variable, with the increase of 10 ppb, the number of deaths increased by 1.0038 fold, and in the multi exposure model adjusting for PM2.5, the number of deaths increased by 1.0027 fold. These results differed depending on the period or season. There was a 5-day lag effect between PM2.5 and deaths in the multi exposure model, and 1.0028 fold when adjusted for ozone. There was a 1-day lag effect in single exposure models with ozone as the main variable, and 1.0027 fold increase in deaths. CONCLUSION In our study, an increase in the number of deaths in the elderly population in accordance with the increase in the PM2.5 and ozone was found. The association found in our study could also influence socioeconomic burden. Future studies need to be performed in regards to younger population, as well as other air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Joo Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| | | | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Meng Y, Cave M, Zhang C. Comparison of methods for addressing the point-to-area data transformation to make data suitable for environmental, health and socio-economic studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:797-807. [PMID: 31280162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil lead (Pb) provides an important exposure pathway to the human body through soil ingestion and dust inhalation and is closely associated with human health as well as social behaviour. The challenge of transforming different spatial supports arises when linking point data (Pb concentration) to areal data (health status or social behaviour). A detailed review of methodologies for integrating point and areal data has been carried out. Among a number of methodologies, eight methods: (1) average, (2) median, (3) centroids inverse distance weighted (IDW), (4) average block IDW, (5) median block IDW, (6) centroids ordinary kriging (OK), (7) average block OK and (8) median block OK, have been compared using Pb data set in the Greater London Authority (GLA) area. The results indicated that the method of median block IDW was recommended for further investigation of the relationship between Pb concentration and socio-economic factors in the ward-level of the GLA area. The reasons were (i) spatial interpolations were useful for predicting unobserved values when simple average and median could not work in the locations where there were no samples collected in some areal units; (ii) the median value was more suitable than the average value for a skewed data set; (iii) the block method reduced estimation error and provided more representative values of areal units than the centroid method; (iv) IDW reserved more spatial variation than OK, containing more local maxima (hotspot) and local minima. Despite that it is still hard to decide the optimal method, this study has highlighted the point-to-area transformation issue and provided valuable examples to compare the different methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Meng
- International Network for Environment and Health, School of Geography and Archaeology, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mark Cave
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- International Network for Environment and Health, School of Geography and Archaeology, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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48
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Cheng H, Zhu F, Lei R, Shen C, Liu J, Yang M, Ding R, Cao J. Associations of ambient PM 2.5 and O 3 with cardiovascular mortality: a time-series study in Hefei, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:1437-1447. [PMID: 31385092 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
China is among the countries with the worst air quality throughout the world. As PM2.5 was not included in the national air quality monitoring network before January 2013 in China, no study has investigated the associations of ambient PM2.5 and O3 with cardiovascular mortality in Hefei, China. In this time-series analysis, Poisson regression in generalized additive model was adopted to assess the associations between the air pollutants and cardiovascular mortality during the 2013-2015 in Hefei, China. The findings showed that the daily average level of PM2.5 and O3 was 77.8 μg/m3 and 60.1 μg/m3 in the study period, respectively. PM2.5 and O3 exposure tended to increase cardiovascular mortality, but the associations were statistically insignificant. Further stratified analyses by seasons showed that with every 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 in the cold season (October-March), the risk of cardiovascular death increased by 0.22% (95% CI 0.05%, 0.39%); while every 10 μg/m3 increase of O3 in the warm season (April-September), the risk of cardiovascular death increased by 1.29% (95% CI 0.26%, 2.33%) on Lag0. Interestingly, stratified analysis by gender showed that the associations of PM2.5, but not O3 exposure, could significantly increase cardiovascular mortality in females, but not males. The findings of this study especially underscored the adverse associations of PM2.5 and O3 exposure with females in specific seasons. More studies are needed to verify our findings and further investigate the underlying mechanisms. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Furong Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ruoqian Lei
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chaowei Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Sun J, Wang M, Jiang L, Xiong X. NOAA-20 VIIRS polarization effect and its correction. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:6655-6665. [PMID: 31503597 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.006655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The follow-on Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) housed in the NOAA-20 satellite was launched on 18 November 2017. It has 22 spectral bands, among which 14 are reflective solar bands (RSBs) covering the wavelength range from 411 to 2258 nm. Prelaunch polarization sensitivity measurements have revealed that NOAA-20 VIIRS RSBs are much more sensitive to polarization of the incident light than its predecessor, the VIIRS on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership. For the short wavelength bands, i.e., M1-M4, the polarization sensitivities are out of specifications, especially for band M1, for which the polarization factors can be as large as ∼6%. The polarization effect induces striping in imagery along the track and radiometric bias both along the scan and along the track, resulting in much larger uncertainties in the environmental data records (EDR). In this paper, the polarization effect correction algorithms are described and applied to the NOAA-20 VIIRS RSBs for ocean scenes where the top-of-atmosphere radiance can be separated into the ocean normalized water-leaving radiance, the basis of the ocean color EDR, and the sunlight reflected by the atmosphere, which can be mostly described by the Rayleigh scattering radiance. The errors of the sensor data records (SDR or Level-1B radiance) due to the polarization effect can be as large as ∼1% for bands M1 and M2, and those in the ocean normalized water-leaving radiances are about 13% and 10% for wavelengths at 411 nm (band M1) and 445 nm (band M2), respectively. The polarization effect also induces strong striping in both NOAA-20 VIIRS RSB SDR and normalized water-leaving radiances. It is demonstrated that with the polarization correction applied, the aforementioned errors and artifacts are successfully removed.
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50
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Liu G, Sun B, Yu L, Chen J, Han B, Liu B, Chen J. Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and daily atherosclerotic heart disease mortality in a cool climate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:23603-23614. [PMID: 31203548 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The associations between exposure to short-term ambient air pollution and daily atherosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) mortality in cool climate have not been established. We performed a time-series analysis in Shenyang, the largest city of Northeastern China. We identified 7659 ASHD deaths and obtained deaths, ambient air pollution levels, and meteorological data for Shenyang during 2014-2017. The impact of ambient air pollution on daily ASHD deaths was analyzed using generalized additive models (GAMs). Cumulative lag effects were investigated using distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM). We found ASHD deaths significantly increased during days with higher air pollution. Particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), PM10, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were positively associated with ASHD deaths among the total population. Both single- and multi-pollutants models indicated that PM2.5, PM10, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were positively associated with the deaths of women with AHSD, whereas only SO2 was significant in men. This suggests significant gender-based differences in the fatal effects of ambient air pollution. Up to 28 days of single-day lag effects were observed for PM2.5 and PM10 in women. The cumulative lag effects of PM2.5 and PM10 showed increasing trends in both men and women; however, exposure to higher pollutant concentrations did not necessarily translate to greater risks. The ERRs differences between women and men were larger in cold days than in hot days, suggesting that lower temperature may exacerbate the adverse effects of air pollution on vulnerable women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology, Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 98 Quanyunsan Road, Shenyang, 110167, People's Republic of China
| | - Baijun Sun
- Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.37 Qishan Road, Shenyang, 110031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianzheng Yu
- Department of Noncommunicable Chronic Disease Prevention, Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.242 Shayang Road, Shenyang, 110005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.37 Qishan Road, Shenyang, 110031, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology, Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 98 Quanyunsan Road, Shenyang, 110167, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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