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Wang Y, Li A, Zou B, Qian Y, Li X, Sun Z. The Combination of Buchloe dactyloides Engelm and Biochar Promotes the Remediation of Soil Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Microorganisms 2024; 12:968. [PMID: 38792797 PMCID: PMC11124401 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) cause serious stress to biological health and the soil environment as persistent pollutants. Despite the wide use of biochar in promoting soil improvement, the mechanism of biochar removing soil PAHs through rhizosphere effect in the process of phytoremediation remain uncertain. In this study, the regulation of soil niche and microbial degradation strategies under plants and biochar were explored by analyzing the effects of plants and biochar on microbial community composition, soil metabolism and enzyme activity in the process of PAH degradation. The combination of plants and biochar significantly increased the removal of phenanthrene (6.10%), pyrene (11.50%), benzo[a]pyrene (106.02%) and PAHs (27.10%) when compared with natural attenuation, and significantly increased the removal of benzo[a]pyrene (34.51%) and PAHs (5.96%) when compared with phytoremediation. Compared with phytoremediation, the combination of plants and biochar significantly increased soil nutrient availability, enhanced soil enzyme activity (urease and catalase), improved soil microbial carbon metabolism and amino acid metabolism, thereby benefiting microbial resistance to PAH stress. In addition, the activity of soil enzymes (dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase and laccase) and the expression of genes involved in the degradation and microorganisms (streptomyces, curvularia, mortierella and acremonium) were up-regulated through the combined action of plants and biochar. In view of the aforementioned results, the combined application of plants and biochar can enhance the degradation of PAHs and alleviate the stress of PAH on soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Wang
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Ao Li
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Bokun Zou
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (B.Z.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yongqiang Qian
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (B.Z.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (B.Z.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Zhenyuan Sun
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.W.); (A.L.)
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Zou Y, Chen X, Zhang S, Zhang B, Bai Y, Zhang T, Jia J. Co-applied biochar and PGPB promote maize growth and reduce CO 2 emission by modifying microbial communities in coal mining degraded soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120280. [PMID: 38350280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Coal mining is one of the human activities that has the greatest impact on the global carbon (C) cycle and biodiversity. Biochar and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been both used to improve coal mining degraded soils; however, it is uncertain whether the effects of biochar application on soil respiration and microbial communities are influenced by the presence or absence of PGPB and soil nitrogen (N) level in coal mining degraded soils. A pot experiment was carried out to examine whether the effects of biochar addition (0, 1, 2 and 4% of soil mass) on soil properties, soil respiration, maize growth, and microbial communities were altered by the presence or absence of PGPB (i.e. Sphingobium yanoikuyae BJ1) (0, 200 mL suspension (2 × 106 colony forming unit (CFU) mL-1)) and two soil N levels (N0 and N1 at 0 and 0.2 g kg-1 urea- N, respectively). The results showed the presence of BJ1 enhanced the maize biomass relative to the absence of BJ1, particularly in N1 soils, which was related to the discovery of Lysobacter and Nocardioides that favor plant growth in N1 soils. This indicates a conversion in soil microbial communities to beneficial ones. The application of biochar at a rate of 1% decreased the cumulative CO2 regardless of the presence or absence of BJ1; BJ1 increased the β-glucosidase (BG) activities, and BG activities were also positively correlated with RB41 strain with high C turnover in N1 soils, which indicates that the presence of BJ1 improves the C utilization rates of RB41, decreasing soil C mineralization. Our results highlight that biochar addition provided environmental benefits in degraded coal mining soils, and the direction and magnitude of these effects are highly dependent on the presence of PGPB and the soil N level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zou
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Science Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Xinli Chen
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Science Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ben Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yunxing Bai
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Science Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Science Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Jianli Jia
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
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Su Y, Wang Y, Liu G, Zhang Z, Li X, Chen G, Gou Z, Gao Q. Nitrogen (N) "supplementation, slow release, and retention" strategy improves N use efficiency via the synergistic effect of biochar, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and dicyandiamide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168518. [PMID: 37967639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Irrational nitrogen (N) fertilizer management and application practices have led to a range of ecological and environmental problems that seriously threaten food security. In this study, an effective N fertilizer management strategy was established for improving N fertilizer utilization efficiency (NUE). Biochar, N2-fixing bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae), and a nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide, DCD) were simultaneously added to the soil during maize cultivation. The goal was to increase soil ammonium nitrogen content and NUE by regulating the relative abundance, enzyme activity, and functional gene expression of N conversion-related soil microbes. Biochar combined with E. cloacae and DCD significantly increased soil N content, and the NUE reached 46.69 %. The relative abundance of Burkholderia and Bradyrhizobium and the activity of nitrogenase increased significantly during biological N2 fixation. Further, the abundance of the nifH gene was significantly up-regulated. The relative abundance of Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Nitrospira, and Castellaniella and the activities of ammonia monooxygenase and nitrate reductase decreased significantly during nitrification and denitrification. Moreover, the abundance of the genes amoA and narG was significantly down-regulated. Correlation analyses showed that the increase in soil N2 fixation and the suppression of nitrification and denitrification reactions were the key contributors to the increase in soil N content and NUE. Biochar combined with E. cloacae and DCD synergistically enabled the supplementation, slow release, and retention of N, thus providing adequate N for maize growth. Thus, the combination of biochar, E. cloacae, and DCD is effective for mitigating the irrational application of N fertilizers and reducing N pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Su
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yanran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhongqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zechang Gou
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Ghazouani H, Ibrahimi K, Amami R, Helaoui S, Boughattas I, Kanzari S, Milham P, Ansar S, Sher F. Integrative effect of activated biochar to reduce water stress impact and enhance antioxidant capacity in crops. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166950. [PMID: 37696405 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a soil amendment that can change soil's physical and hydraulic properties. However, biochar application is far from being a 'one size fits-all' approach. The impact of the management practices is dependent on biochar type (feedstock and production conditions), application depth and method, climate and site characteristics. Hence, this study aims to enrich the available inconclusive information on how biochar could affect clay loamy soil and to assess the potential impact of the induced change on water stress mitigation of rain-fed durum wheat under the specific condition of the semi-arid environment of North West of Tunisia. A field experiment was investigated in which three biochar rates 0 (B0), 10 (equivalent to 0.5% of weight) (B1) and 20 t/ha (equivalent to 1% of weight), (B2), were tested. Other laboratory analysis allowed the evaluation of soil water retention curve (SWRC), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), dry density (ρb) and biostress biomarkers such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase activities (CAT) and malondialdehyde content (MDA) as well as yield attributes. Results showed that treatment B2 significantly decreased ρb and Ks with relative change values of about -3.1% and -19%. Consequently, SWRC showed a better water retention capacity, mostly from saturation to matric potential value (h) of 33 kPa. Total (TAWC), plant (PAWC) and readily (RAWC) available water contents, significantly increased under B2 with relative changes of +6%, +44% and +44% respectively. Moreover, GST and CAT were also boosted under B2. Consequently, biological and grain yields as well as grain water use efficiency (GWUE) significantly increased. GWUE increased from 0.81 ± 0.04 in B0 to 1.09 ± 0.01 kg/m3 in B2. The correlation analysis showed a significant and positive correlation, between GWUE and soil water parameters (θs, θfc and θmre) suggesting the indirect effect of biochar on water-use efficiency for grain yield of wheat. Therefore, among the tested rates 20 t/ha could be suggested to improve plant soil water availability and reduce the harmful impact of drought stress on rain-fed durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Ghazouani
- Regional Field Crops Research Center of Beja, IRESA, Beja 9000, Tunisia; International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Khaled Ibrahimi
- Higher Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sousse, Chott Meriem 4042, Tunisia
| | - Roua Amami
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Higher Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sousse, Chott Meriem 4042, Tunisia
| | - Sondes Helaoui
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology, University of Sousse, Chott Meriem 4042, Tunisia
| | - Iteb Boughattas
- Regional Field Crops Research Center of Beja, IRESA, Beja 9000, Tunisia; Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology, University of Sousse, Chott Meriem 4042, Tunisia
| | - Sabri Kanzari
- INRGREF, Laboratory of Rural Engineering, University of Carthage, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| | - Paul Milham
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, LB 1797, Penrith 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Sabah Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
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Zhao W, Wen M, Zhao C, Zhang S, Dou R, Liang X, Zhang X, Liu Z, Jiang Z. Warm Temperature Increments Strengthen the Crosstalk between Roots and Soil in the Rhizosphere of Soybean Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4135. [PMID: 38140462 PMCID: PMC10747358 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The plant rhizosphere underlies the crosstalk between plant and soil and has a crucial role in plant growth and development under various environments. We examined the effect of temperature rise on the rhizosphere environment of soybean roots to clarify the rhizosphere crosstalk between roots and soil in response to warm temperature rises in a global warming background. The in situ results of root enzyme activity revealed that soybean roots secrete β-glucosidase, and enzyme spectrum imaging demonstrated different enzymatic activities under different temperature environments. The soil enzyme kinetics results showed that soil enzymatic activity increased with increasing temperature, and soybean rhizosphere soil enzymatic activity was higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil. Rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil showed that the dominant bacterial phylum in soybean rhizosphere soil was Acidobacteria, and the dominant bacterial genus was JG30-KF-AS9. Compared with non-rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil was more nutrient-rich, and root secretions provided abundant carbon sources and other nutrients for soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere. Rhizosphere microorganisms affect plant growth by influencing the decomposition of soil organic carbon. The organic carbon content of rhizosphere soil was higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil under high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.Z.); (M.W.); (C.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Mingxing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.Z.); (M.W.); (C.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Caitong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.Z.); (M.W.); (C.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Shurui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.Z.); (M.W.); (C.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Runa Dou
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.Z.); (M.W.); (C.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuefeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.Z.); (M.W.); (C.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- The Training Center of the Undergraduate, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Zhihua Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhenfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.Z.); (M.W.); (C.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.D.); (X.L.)
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Zhang S, Rasool G, Wang S, Zhang Y, Guo X, Wei Z, Zhang X, Yang X, Wang T. Biochar and Chlorella increase rice yield by improving saline-alkali soil physicochemical properties and regulating bacteria under aquaculture wastewater irrigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139850. [PMID: 37604341 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The combined effects of biochar and Chlorella under aquaculture wastewater irrigation in improving saline-alkali soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities, and rice yield, is not yet clear. This study utilized soil physicochemical indicators and gene sequencing to examine the effect of salinity stress, biochar and Chlorella under aquaculture wastewater irrigation on soil properties, bacterial community compositions, and rice production. Treatments included three factors in a randomized complete block design with three replications: (i) Biochar - 40 tons ha -1 (BW) versus no-biochar (BN); (ii) Salinity - 3‰ salinity (SH) versus 1‰ salinity (SL); and (iii) Chlorella - with 107 cells mL -1 Chlorella (CW) versus no-Chlorella (CN). The results revealed that increased salinity adversely affected the soil nutrients (TOC, NO3⁻-N, NH4+-N, Olsen-P), and enzyme activity (urease, sucrase, catalase), resulting in a 9.67% reduction in rice yield compared to SL treatment. However, the close correlation between alterations in soil bacterial communities, functions, and soil physicochemical properties, as well as rice yield, indicated that biochar and Chlorella promoted rice yield by enhancing the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil and bacterial community when irrigated with aquaculture wastewater: (1) addition of biochar increased the146.05% rice yield by increasing TOC content, the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence patterns, nitrogen fixation potential, and nitrification potential, (2) addition of Chlorella increased TOC, NO3⁻-N, NH4+-N, enhanced urease, sucrase, catalase activity, and nitrification potential to increased rice yield by 60.29%, and (3) compared with the treatment T3 (SHBNCN), the treatments with biochar (BW) and Chlorella (CW) increased the yield by 561.30% and 445.03% under 1‰ and 3‰ salinity, respectively. These findings provide novel perspectives on the capacity of biochar and Chlorella to improve saline-alkali soil properties and increase rice yield irrigated with aquaculture wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxuan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Shou Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Xiangping Guo
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China.
| | - Zhejun Wei
- Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Department, Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Chongzuo, 532415, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Institute of Rural Water Conservancy and Soil and Water Conservation, Jiangsu Hydraulic Research Institute, 210017, China
| | - Tongshun Wang
- Institute of Rural Water Conservancy and Soil and Water Conservation, Jiangsu Hydraulic Research Institute, 210017, China
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Zou Y, An Z, Chen X, Zheng X, Ben Zhang, Zhang S, Chang SX, Jia J. Effects of co-applied biochar and plant growth-promoting bacteria on soil carbon mineralization and nutrient availability under two nitrogen addition rates. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115579. [PMID: 37856979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
In the background of climate warming, the demand for improving soil quality and carbon (C) sequestration is increasing. The application of biochar to soil has been considered as a method for mitigating climate change and enhancing soil fertility. However, it is uncertain whether the effects of biochar application on C-mineralization and N transformation are influenced by the presence or absence of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and soil nitrogen (N) level. An incubation study was conducted to investigate whether the effects of biochar application (0 %, 1 %, 2 % and 4 % of soil mass) on soil respiration, N status, and microbial attributes were altered by the presence or absence of PGPB (i.e., Sphingobium yanoikuyae BJ1) under two soil N levels (N0 and N1 soils as created by the addition of 0 and 0.2 g kg-1 urea- N, respectively). The results showed that biochar, BJ1 strain and their interactive effects on cumulative CO2 emissions were not significant in N0 soils, while the effects of biochar on the cumulative CO2 emissions were dependent on the presence or absence of BJ1 in N1 soils. In N1 soils, applying biochar at 2 % and 4 % increased the cumulative CO2 emissions by 141.0 % and 166.9 %, respectively, when BJ1 was absent. However, applying biochar did not affect CO2 emissions when BJ1 was present. In addition, the presence of BJ1 generally increased ammonium contents in N0 soils, but decreased nitrate contents in N1 soils relative to the absence of BJ1, which indicates that the combination of biochar and BJ1 is beneficial to play the N fixation function of BJ1 in N0 soils. Our results highlight that biochar addition influences not only soil C mineralization but also soil available N, and the direction and magnitude of these effects are highly dependent on the presence of PGPB and the soil N level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zou
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Zhengfeng An
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Xinli Chen
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Ben Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Jianli Jia
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
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Yang Y, Ye C, Zhang W, Zhu X, Li H, Yang D, Ahmed W, Zhao Z. Elucidating the impact of biochar with different carbon/nitrogen ratios on soil biochemical properties and rhizosphere bacterial communities of flue-cured tobacco plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1250669. [PMID: 37790782 PMCID: PMC10543665 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1250669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims In agriculture, biochar (BC) and nitrogen (N) fertilizers are commonly used for improving soil fertility and crop productivity. However, it remains unclear how different levels of BC and N fertilizer affect soil fertility and crop productivity. Methods This study elucidates the impact of different application rates of BC (0, 600, and 1200 kg/ha) and N fertilizer (105 and 126 kg/ha) on biomass accumulation, soil microbial biomass of carbon (SMC) and nitrogen (SMN), and soil biochemical properties, including soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), urease (UE), acid phosphatase (ACP), catalase (CAT), and sucrase (SC) of tobacco plants. In addition, a high throughput amplicon sequencing technique was adopted to investigate the effect of different application rates of BC/N on rhizosphere bacterial communities of tobacco plants. Results The results confirm that high dosages of BC and N fertilizer (B1200N126) significantly enhance dry matter accumulation by 31.56% and 23.97% compared with control B0N105 and B0N126 under field conditions and 23.94% and 24.52% under pot experiment, respectively. The soil biochemical properties, SMC, and SMN significantly improved under the high application rate of BC and N fertilizer (B1200N126), while it negatively influenced the soil carbon/nitrogen ratio. Analysis of rhizosphere bacteriome through amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that the structure, diversity, and composition of rhizosphere bacterial communities dramatically changed under different BC/N ratios. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Acidobacteria were highly abundant bacterial phyla in the rhizosphere of tobacco plants under different treatments. Co-occurrence network analysis displayed fewer negative correlations among rhizosphere bacterial communities under high dosages of biochar and nitrogen (B1200N126) than other treatments, which showed less competition for resources among microbes. In addition, a redundancy analysis further proved a significant positive correlation among SMC, SMN, soil biochemical properties, and high dosage of biochar and nitrogen (B1200N126). Conclusions Thus, we conclude that a high dosage of BC (1200 kg/ha) under a high application rate of N fertilizer (126 kg/ha) enhances the biomass accumulation of tobacco plants by improving the soil biochemical properties and activities of rhizosphere bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfen Yang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chenghu Ye
- Yunnan Revert Medical and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Haohao Li
- Kunming Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dehai Yang
- Hongta Tobacco Group Limited Company, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Feng J, Yu D, Sinsabaugh RL, Moorhead DL, Andersen MN, Smith P, Song Y, Li X, Huang Q, Liu YR, Chen J. Trade-offs in carbon-degrading enzyme activities limit long-term soil carbon sequestration with biochar addition. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1184-1199. [PMID: 36914985 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar amendment is one of the most promising agricultural approaches to tackle climate change by enhancing soil carbon (C) sequestration. Microbial-mediated decomposition processes are fundamental for the fate and persistence of sequestered C in soil, but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. Here, we synthesise 923 observations regarding the effects of biochar addition (over periods ranging from several weeks to several years) on soil C-degrading enzyme activities from 130 articles across five continents worldwide. Our results showed that biochar addition increased soil ligninase activity targeting complex phenolic macromolecules by 7.1%, but suppressed cellulase activity degrading simpler polysaccharides by 8.3%. These shifts in enzyme activities explained the most variation of changes in soil C sequestration across a wide range of climatic, edaphic and experimental conditions, with biochar-induced shift in ligninase:cellulase ratio correlating negatively with soil C sequestration. Specifically, short-term (<1 year) biochar addition significantly reduced cellulase activity by 4.6% and enhanced soil organic C sequestration by 87.5%, whereas no significant responses were observed for ligninase activity and ligninase:cellulase ratio. However, long-term (≥1 year) biochar addition significantly enhanced ligninase activity by 5.2% and ligninase:cellulase ratio by 36.1%, leading to a smaller increase in soil organic C sequestration (25.1%). These results suggest that shifts in enzyme activities increased ligninase:cellulase ratio with time after biochar addition, limiting long-term soil C sequestration with biochar addition. Our work provides novel evidence to explain the diminished soil C sequestration with long-term biochar addition and suggests that earlier studies may have overestimated soil C sequestration with biochar addition by failing to consider the physiological acclimation of soil microorganisms over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dailin Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Robert L Sinsabaugh
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87102, USA
| | - Daryl L Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43537, USA
| | - Mathias Neumann Andersen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, Tjele, 8830, Denmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Eastern Yanqihu Campus, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Yanting Song
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinqi Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu-Rong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, Tjele, 8830, Denmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
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10
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Wang J, Riaz M, Babar S, Xia H, Li Y, Xia X, Wang X, Jiang C. Iron-modified biochar reduces nitrogen loss and improves nitrogen retention in Luvisols by adsorption and microbial regulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163196. [PMID: 37004773 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) loss poses a great threat to global environmental sustainability. The application of modified biochar is a novel strategy to improve soil nitrogen retention and alleviate the negative effects caused by N fertilizers. Therefore, in this study iron modified biochar was used as a soil amendment to investigate the potential mechanisms of N retention in Luvisols. The experiment comprised five treatments i.e., CK (control), 0.5 % BC, 1 % BC, 0.5 % FBC and 1 % FBC. Our results showed that the intensity of functional groups and surface structure of FBC was improved. The 1 % FBC treatment showed a significant increment in soil NO3--N, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and total nitrogen (TN) content by 374.7 %, 51.9 %, and 14.4 %, respectively, compared with CK. The accumulation of N in cotton shoots and roots was increased by 28.6 % and 6.6 % with 1 % FBC addition. The application of FBC also stimulated the activities of soil enzymes related to C and N cycling i.e., β-glucosidase (βG), β-Cellobiohydrolase (CBH), and Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). In the soil treated with FBC, a significant improvement in the structure and functions of the soil bacterial community was found. FBC addition altered the taxa involved in the N cycle by affecting soil chemical properties, especially for Achromobacte, Gemmatimonas, and Cyanobacteriales. In addition to direct adsorption, the regulation of FBC on organisms related to N-cycling also played an important role in soil nitrogen retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Wang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, PR China
| | - Saba Babar
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Hao Xia
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Xia
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xiangling Wang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecoagriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, PR China
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecoagriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, PR China.
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11
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Yu Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Xue S, Liu M, Tang DWS, Yang X, Geissen V. Response of soybean and maize roots and soil enzyme activities to biodegradable microplastics contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115129. [PMID: 37315365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although biodegradable plastic film is a promising alternative product for reducing polyethylene plastic pollution in agricultural soils, the effects of its residues on plant growth and soil properties remain unclear. In this study, we conducted an experiment to investigate root properties and soil enzyme activities in Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) microplastics (PBAT-MPs) contaminated soil (0 % (CK), 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.5 % and 1 % of dry soil weight) with soybean (Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.) and maize (Zea mays L.). The results show that PBAT-MP accumulation in soil negatively affects root growth, and alter soil enzyme activities, which may then constrain C/N cycling and potential yields. For soybean, the total root length, total root surface area and root biomass decreased by 34 %- 58 %, 34 %- 54 % and 25 %- 40 % at the harvesting stage compared to CK, respectively. The negative effects of PBAT-MPs on maize roots were greater than on soybean roots. The total root length, root surface area and root biomass of maize decreased by 37 %- 71 %, 33 %- 71 % and 24 %- 64 % at the tasseling and harvesting stage, respectively (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a statistical analysis of the data indicates that the inhibition of soybean and maize root growth by PBAT-MP accumulation was mediated by the significantly different impacts of PBAT-MP addition on C-enzyme (β-xylosidase, cellobiohydrolase, β-glucosidase) and N-enzyme activities (leucine-aminopeptidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, alanine aminotransferase) in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil, possibly due to interactions with plant-specific root exudates and microbial communities. These findings show the potential risks posed by biodegradable microplastics on the plant-soil system, and suggest that biodegradable plastic film should be applied with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sha Xue
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Mengjuan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China
| | - Darrell W S Tang
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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12
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Yan B, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Rong X, Peng J, Fei J, Luo G. Biochar amendments combined with organic fertilizer improve maize productivity and mitigate nutrient loss by regulating the C-N-P stoichiometry of soil, microbiome, and enzymes. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138293. [PMID: 36870619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coupled amendments of biochar and organic fertilizers may be one of the effective practice to ensure high cropland productivity and resource use efficiency, but there is little field-based evidence for this. Herein, we employed a eight-years (2014-2021) field experiment to explore the effectiveness of biochar and organic fertilizer amendments on crop productivity and nutrient runoff losses, as well as to further explored their relationships with the carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry of soil, microbiome, and enzymes. Experiment treatments include No fertilizer (CK), chemical-only fertilizer (CF), CF + biochar (CF + B), 20% chemical N was replaced by organic fertilizer (OF), and OF + biochar (OF + B). Compared with the CF, the CF + B, OF, and OF + B treatments increased average yield by 11.5%, 13.2%, and 32%, average N use efficiency by 37.2%, 58.6%, and 81.4%, average P use efficiency by 44.8%, 55.1%, and 118.6%, average plant N uptake by 19.7%, 35.6%, and 44.3%, as well as average plant P uptake by 18.4%, 23.1%, and 44.3%, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Compared with the CF, the CF + B, OF, and OF + B decreased average average total N losses by 65.2%, 97.4%, and 241.2%, and average total P losses by 52.9%, 77.1%, and 119.7%, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Organic-amended treatments (CF + B, OF, and OF + B) significantly changed soil total and available C, N, and P content, soil microbial C, N, and P content, as well as the potential activities of soil C-, N-, and P-acquiring enzymes. Plant P uptake and P-acquiring enzyme activity were the main drivers of maize yield, which was influenced by the contents and stoichiometric ratios of soil available C, N, and P. These findings suggest that organic fertilizer applications combined with biochar have the potential to maintain high crop yields while reducing nutrient losses by regulating the stoichiometric balance of soil available C and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojing Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Yizhe Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiangmin Rong
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jianwei Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jiangchi Fei
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Gongwen Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China
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13
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Xun M, Shi J, Cao H, Song J, Li J, Zhang W, Yang H. Wood biochar in soil enhances the promotion of KNO 3 on sulfur accumulation in apple trees by regulating root sulfate assimilation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:1055-1064. [PMID: 36907013 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To determine how potassium nitrate (KNO3) effect apple roots and sulfate assimilation in the presence of wood biochar in soil, KNO3 was applied to the root-zone soil without or with 150-day naturally aged wood biochar (1% w/w) in soil. Soil properties, root architecture, root activity, the accumulation and distribution of sulfur (S), enzyme activity, and gene expression related to sulfate uptake and assimilation in apple trees were analyzed. Results showed that KNO3 and wood biochar application exhibited synergistic effects on improving S accumulation and root growth. Meanwhile, KNO3 application increased the activities of ATPS, APR, SAT, OASTL and upregulated the expression of ATPS, APR, Sultr3;1, Sultr2;1, Sultr3;4, and Sultr3;5 in both roots and leaves, and the positive effects of KNO3 addition on both genes and enzyme activity were enhanced by wood biochar. Wood biochar amendment alone promoted the activities of enzymes described above, upregulated the expression of ATPS, APR, Sultr3;1, Sultr2;1, Sultr3;4, and Sultr4;2 in leaves, and enhanced S distribution in roots. KNO3 addition alone decreased S distribution in roots and increased that in stems. In the presence of wood biochar in soil, KNO3 application decreased S distribution in roots but increased that in both stems and leaves. These results indicated that the wood biochar in soil enhances the effect of KNO3 on S accumulation by promoting root growth and sulfate assimilation in apple trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Xun
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
| | - Junyuan Shi
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, 277000, China.
| | - Jianfei Song
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
| | - Hongqiang Yang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
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14
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Wan H, Liu X, Shi Q, Chen Y, Jiang M, Zhang J, Cui B, Hou J, Wei Z, Hossain MA, Liu F. Biochar amendment alters root morphology of maize plant: Its implications in enhancing nutrient uptake and shoot growth under reduced irrigation regimes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1122742. [PMID: 36743482 PMCID: PMC9895779 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1122742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biochar amendment provides multiple benefits in enhancing crop productivity and soil nutrient availability. However, whether biochar addition affects root morphology and alters plant nutrient uptake and shoot growth under different irrigation regimes remain largely unknown. METHODS A split-root pot experiment with maize (Zea mays L.) was conducted on clay loam soil mixed with 2% (w/w) of wheat-straw (WSP) and softwood (SWP) biochar. The plants were subjected to full (FI), deficit (DI), and alternate partial root-zone drying (PRD) irrigation from the fourth leaf to the grain-filling stage. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results showed that, compared to plants grown in unamended soils, plants grown in the biochar-amended soils possessed greater total root length, area, diameter, volume, tips, forks, crossings, and root length density, which were further amplified by PRD. Despite a negative effect on soil available phosphorus (P) pool, WSP addition improved soil available nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) pool and cation exchange capacity under reduced irrigation. Even though biochar negatively affected nutrient concentrations in shoots as exemplified by lowered N, P, K (except leaf), and Ca concentration, it dramatically enhanced plant total N, P, K, Ca uptake, and biomass. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the modified root morphology and increased soil available nutrient pools, and consequently, the higher plant total nutrient uptake might have facilitated the enhanced shoot growth and yield of maize plants in biochar-added soils. Biochar amendment further lowered specific leaf area but increased leaf N concentration per area-to-root N concentration per length ratio. All these effects were evident upon WSP amendment. Moreover, PRD outperformed DI in increasing root area-to-leaf area ratio. Overall, these findings suggest that WSP combined with PRD could be a promising strategy to improve the growth and nutrient uptake of maize plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuezhi Liu
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qimiao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiting Chen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Miao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingjing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingxiang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Zhenhua Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mohammad Anwar Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Martínez-Gómez Á, Poveda J, Escobar C. Overview of the use of biochar from main cereals to stimulate plant growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:912264. [PMID: 35982693 PMCID: PMC9378993 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.912264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The total global food demand is expected to increase up to 50% between 2010 and 2050; hence, there is a clear need to increase plant productivity with little or no damage to the environment. In this respect, biochar is a carbon-rich material derived from the pyrolysis of organic matter at high temperatures with a limited oxygen supply, with different physicochemical characteristics that depend on the feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. When used as a soil amendment, it has shown many positive environmental effects such as carbon sequestration, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and soil improvement. Biochar application has also shown huge benefits when applied to agri-systems, among them, the improvement of plant growth either in optimal conditions or under abiotic or biotic stress. Several mechanisms, such as enhancing the soil microbial diversity and thus increasing soil nutrient-cycling functions, improving soil physicochemical properties, stimulating the microbial colonization, or increasing soil P, K, or N content, have been described to exert these positive effects on plant growth, either alone or in combination with other resources. In addition, it can also improve the plant antioxidant defenses, an evident advantage for plant growth under stress conditions. Although agricultural residues are generated from a wide variety of crops, cereals account for more than half of the world's harvested area. Yet, in this review, we will focus on biochar obtained from residues of the most common and relevant cereal crops in terms of global production (rice, wheat, maize, and barley) and in their use as recycled residues to stimulate plant growth. The harvesting and processing of these crops generate a vast number and variety of residues that could be locally recycled into valuable products such as biochar, reducing the waste management problem and accomplishing the circular economy premise. However, very scarce literature focused on the use of biochar from a crop to improve its own growth is available. Herein, we present an overview of the literature focused on this topic, compiling most of the studies and discussing the urgent need to deepen into the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in the beneficial effects of biochar on plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Martínez-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge Poveda
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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16
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Rathore S, Kumar R. Dynamics of Phosphorus and Biostimulants on Agro-Morphology, Yield, and Essential Oil Profile of German Chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla L.) Under Acidic Soil Conditions of the Western Himalaya. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:917388. [PMID: 35958209 PMCID: PMC9358652 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a promising and easy to cultivate crop under suitable nutrient supply conditions, but acidic soils of Indian western Himalayas limit the availability of phosphorus to the plant and reduce flower production. Thus, a field experiment was conducted for two consecutive seasons (2018-2019 and 2019-2020) to study the effect of phosphorus dynamics and biostimulant application on the agro-morphological traits, essential oil (EO) yield, and chemical constituents of German chamomile in the mid hills of the western Himalayan region. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments, four phosphorus fertilizer levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) and three biostimulants levels (control, amino acid at 5 mL L-1, and humic acid at 10 mL L-1). The experiment was replicated three times in a factorial complete randomized block design (FRBD). Agro-morphological and yield characteristics were significantly higher in phosphorus at 90 kg ha-1 and humic acid application compared to the control. Dry flower and EO yield was 17.87 and 26.76% higher with the 90 kg ha-1 phosphorus application while 2.45 and 5.79% higher in humic acid at 10 mL L-1 compared to the control. The EO constituents viz., chamazulene was 12.04 and 8.85% higher in phosphorus at 90 kg ha-1 and humic acid at 10 mL L-1 application compared to the control. On the other hand, α-bisabolol oxide B and α-bisabolol oxide A were decreased with increase in phosphorus application. This study presents novel facts, elucidation, and explanation for farmers and industrialists to produce German chamomile in acidic soils by integrating biostimulants with phosphorus fertilization and getting maximum yield and quality EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalika Rathore
- Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Shen W, Feng Z, Song H, Jin D, Fu Y, Cheng F. Effects of solid waste-based soil conditioner and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on crop productivity and heavy metal distribution in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 313:114974. [PMID: 35447410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Shanxi is a large coal-producing province, and it also produces a lot of solid waste. Solid waste can leach heavy metals, which can harm soil and affect food security at the beginning of the food chain. To investigate the impacts of solid waste-based soil conditioner (SWSC) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on millet safety and crop production, a field experiment with foxtail millet (Setaria italica) was conducted in Tunliu. The results of this study demonstrate that SWSC + AMF, SWSC and AMF can increase millet yield by 28.0%, 27.1% and 19.5%, respectively, compared with CK. This is mainly due to increased mycorrhizal infection. Besides, the pollution index (Pi) and the Nemerow-integrated pollution index (PN) of the soil with SWSC and AMF were both below 0.7, indicating safe pollution levels. The application of AMF and SWSC inhibits plants from absorbing heavy metals from the soil and reduces the TFroot/soil of the millet. SWSC + AMF application inhibited the transfer of heavy metals from the roots to the upper part of the ground and reduced the TFshoot/root of the millet. The TFgrain/soil of the millet was below 1. The HQ and HI of the millet grains did not exceed 1, indicating the absence of a potential health risk. Therefore, SWSC combined with AMF is applicable for millet production in Tunliu, and the combined treatment can decrease heavy metal phytoavailability and post-harvest transfer risks. This work provides a way to utilize solid waste while also improving millet yields in dry farming. Based on the review, we suggested future researches to better understand the mechanisms of SWSC + AMF long-term application to promote awareness on its role over time through alterations in its surface chemistry, soil microbial community and environmental implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyan Shen
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Zhengjun Feng
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Huiping Song
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Dapeng Jin
- Shanxi Qinghuan Nengchuang Environmental Protection Technology Company Limited, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yuanhong Fu
- Shanxi Dadi Minji Eco-environment Company Limited, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Fangqin Cheng
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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18
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Liu Y, Li J, Jiao X, Li H, Hu T, Jiang H, Mahmoud A. Effects of biochar on water quality and rice productivity under straw returning condition in a rice-wheat rotation region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152063. [PMID: 34856286 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Straw returning is helpful to improve soil properties and realize the reutilization of agricultural waste. However, wheat straw returning may result in paddy water quality deterioration in rice-wheat rotation regions. This study conducted pot experiments of rice planting with different biochar application rates (0, 5, 20, and 40 t/hm2) under wheat straw returning conditions. The purposes are to investigate the applicability of biochar mixed with wheat straw returning to paddy fields and explore the effects of biochar on water quality, leaching losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and rice yield components. Results indicated that total straw returning reduced the water quality in paddy surface water and aggravated the leaching losses of N and P. Fortunately, the biochar application improved the negative effects caused by straw returning. 40 t/hm2 biochar mixed with straw returning significantly reduced the concentrations of COD and N in paddy surface water and N leaching loss than straw returning treatment (ST), decreased by 48.33%, 41.01%, and 45.73%, respectively. Meanwhile, applying biochar at a rate of 20 t/hm2 with straw returning is suitable to control the diffusion of P. In addition, the ST treatment had no significant effect on rice yield, while the proper application rate of biochar under straw returning condition can improve rice yield and promote N utilization. 20 t/hm2 biochar treatment is more effective to improving rice yield (16.89%) and N use efficiency (NUE) (10.14%). These findings can provide a new method to solve the negative effects of total straw returning on the water environment and rice growth and guide the utilization of straw resources in the rice-wheat rotation regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Jiang Li
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Xiyun Jiao
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Huandi Li
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Tiesong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongzhe Jiang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ali Mahmoud
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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19
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Zhang Y, Zhao H, Hu W, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhou X, Fei J, Luo G. Understanding how reed-biochar application mitigates nitrogen losses in paddy soil: Insight into microbially-driven nitrogen dynamics. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133904. [PMID: 35157877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar application to chemical-amended paddy soils has been proposed as a potential strategy to enhance nitrogen (N) retention and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by crops. However, optimal concentrations for these enhancements and the potential drivers are not well understood. Herein, a column-based pot experiment was carried out to investigate the impacts of reed-biochar application rate on N losses and dynamics in paddy soils treated by chemical fertilizer, and particularly, to explore the dominant factors of the processes. The addition of 2-4% reed-biochar had the most significant effects on mitigating N loss by leaching. Reed-biochar amendment increased soil total N and mineral N (NH4+-N and NO3--N) content, and denitrifying gene abundance, and the increments of those variables were positively related to the application rate. Soil treated with 1-4% reed-biochar at harvest period showed higher gene abundances of ammonia-oxidizing and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and higher activity of β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) and leucine aminopeptidase compared with the 4-8% application rate. The amoA-AOA gene abundance, NAG activity, and total carbon (C) content were the main predictors of total N and mineral N accumulated leakage. Total C content was the main predictor of soil total N and mineral N content, followed by the pH and NAG activity. These results suggest that adding 2-4% reed-biochar was more beneficial to mitigate N loss and thus enhance soil N storage and availability. This study highlights the importance of understanding how microbial populations mediate N transformation to decipher biochar-driven NUE enhancement in paddy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wang Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yizhe Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hanfeng Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jiangchi Fei
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Gongwen Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
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20
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Awasthi MK. Engineered biochar: A multifunctional material for energy and environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118831. [PMID: 35032603 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a stable carbon-rich product loaded with upgraded properties obtained by thermal cracking of biomasses in an oxygen-free atmosphere. The pristine biochar is further modified to produce engineered biochar via various physical, mechanical, and chemical methods. The hasty advancement in engineered biochar synthesis via different technologies and their application in the field of energy and environment is a topical issue that required an up-to-date review. Therefore, this review deals with comprehensive and recent mechanistic approaches of engineered biochar synthesis and its further application in the field of energy and the environment. Synthesis and activation of engineered biochar via various methods has been deliberated in brief. Furthermore, this review systematically covered the impacts of engineered biochar amendment in the composting process, anaerobic digestion (AD), soil microbial community encouragement, and their enzymatic activities. Finally, this review provided a glimpse of the knowledge gaps and challenges associated with application of engineered biochar in various fields, which needs urgent attention in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China.
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21
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Kafle A, Frank HER, Rose BD, Garcia K. Split down the middle: studying arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal symbioses using split-root assays. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1288-1300. [PMID: 34791191 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants symbiotically interact with soil-borne fungi to ensure nutrient acquisition and tolerance to various environmental stressors. Among these symbioses, arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal associations can be found in a large proportion of plants, including many crops. Split-root assays are widely used in plant research to study local and systemic signaling responses triggered by local treatments, including nutrient availability, interaction with soil microbes, or abiotic stresses. However, split-root approaches have only been occasionally used to tackle these questions with regard to mycorrhizal symbioses. This review compiles and discusses split-root assays developed to study arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal symbioses, with a particular emphasis on colonization by multiple beneficial symbionts, systemic resistance induced by mycorrhizal fungi, water and nutrient transport from fungi to colonized plants, and host photosynthate allocation from the host to fungal symbionts. In addition, we highlight how the use of split-root assays could result in a better understanding of mycorrhizal symbioses, particularly for a broader range of essential nutrients, and for multipartite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Kafle
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Hannah E R Frank
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Benjamin D Rose
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kevin Garcia
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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22
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Dong L, Yang X, Shi L, Shen Y, Wang L, Wang J, Li C, Zhang H. Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer co-application changed SOC content and fraction composition in Huang-Huai-Hai plain, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132925. [PMID: 34798104 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar can significantly enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and crop yield, and it is therefore the preferred material for soil improvement in medium-low yield fields. In this study, a field experiment was designed to explore the impacts of biochar application on SOC content and fraction composition. Results indicated that incorporation of biochar into soil increased the SOC content by 26.9%-65.3% in the surface layer (0-10 cm) and 30.3%-63.0% in the subsurface layer (10-20 cm) of soil, while water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) of the two layers was increased by 2.2-40.0% and 2.3-39.8%, respectively. Microbial biomass carbon decreased under conventional nitrogen treatments and increased with biochar addition under increased nitrogen application. The C:N value increased with biochar application, while the water-soluble C:N value of soil applied with 30 t ha-1 biochar was lower than that of soil applied with 15 t ha-1 biochar, both in the two tested soil layers. Wheat yield is evidently correlated with SOC, with the correlation coefficients of 0.919 and 0.952 in the surface and subsurface soil layers (P < 0.01), respectively. Particularly, increasing fulvic and humic acid-like compounds of WSOC promoted the bioavailability of nutrient elements, thereby increasing the crop yields. Therefore, biochar application is an effective means to fertilize middle-low yield soils through increasing SOC sequestration and nutrient reserves, or adjusting soil C:N value to a proper range, thereby reducing nutrient loss and increasing wheat yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Dong
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Xiangcheng, Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Taihu Lake District, Suzhou, 215105, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Linlin Shi
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Xiangcheng, Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Taihu Lake District, Suzhou, 215105, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Xiangcheng, Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Taihu Lake District, Suzhou, 215105, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jidong Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources & Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Chuanzhe Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources & Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Haidong Zhang
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Xiangcheng, Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Taihu Lake District, Suzhou, 215105, China; Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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23
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Dong X, Zhang Z, Wang S, Shen Z, Cheng X, Lv X, Pu X. Soil properties, root morphology and physiological responses to cotton stalk biochar addition in two continuous cropping cotton field soils from Xinjiang, China. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12928. [PMID: 35190786 PMCID: PMC8857900 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term and widespread cotton production in Xinjiang, China, has resulted in significant soil degradation, thereby leading to continuous cropping obstacles; cotton stalk biochar (CSB) addition may be an effective countermeasure to this issue, with effects that are felt immediately by root systems in direct contact with the soil. In this study, we assess the effects of different CSB application rates on soil nutrient contents, root morphology, and root physiology in two soil types commonly used for cotton production in the region. Compared with CK (no CSB addition), a 1% CSB addition increased total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), and organic matter (OM) by 13.3%, 7.2%, and 50% in grey desert soil, respectively , and 36.5%, 19.9%, and 176.4%, respectively, in aeolian sandy soil. A 3% CSB addition increased TN, AP, and OM by 38.8%, 23.8%, and 208.1%, respectively, in grey desert soil, and 36%, 13%, and 183.2%, respectively, in aeolian sandy soil. Compared with the aeolian sandy soil, a 1% CSB addition increased TN, OM, and AP by 95%, 94.8%, and 33.3%, respectively, in the grey desert soil , while in the same soil 3% CSB addition increased TN, OM, and AP by 108%, 21.1%, and 73.9%, respectively. In the grey desert soil, compared with CK, a 1% CSB application increased the root length (RL) (34%), specific root length (SRL) (27.9%), and root volume (RV) (32.6%) during the bud stage, increased glutamine synthetase (GS) (13.9%) and nitrate reductase (NR) activities (237%), decreased the RV (34%) and average root diameter (ARD) (36.2%) during the harvesting stage. A 3% CSB addition increased the RL (44%), SRL (20%), and RV (41.2%) during the bud stage and decreased the RV (29%) and ARD (27%) during the harvesting stage. In the aeolian sandy soil, 1% CSB increased the RL (38.3%), SRL (73.7%), and RV (17%), while a 3% caused a greater increase in the RL (55%), SRL (89%), RV (28%), soluble sugar content (128%), and underground biomass (33.8%). Compared with the grey desert soil, a 1% CSB addition increased the RL (48.6%), SRL (58%), and RV (18.6%) in the aeolian sandy soil, while a 3% further increased the RL (54.8%), SRL (84.2%), RV (21.9%), and soluble sugar content (233%). The mechanisms by which CSB addition improves the two soils differ: root morphology changed from coarse and short to fine and long in the grey desert soil, and from fine and long to longer in the aeolian sandy soil. Overall, a 3% CSB addition may be a promising and sustainable strategy for maintaining cotton productivity in aeolian sandy soil in the Xinjiang region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shaoming Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zihui Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaojiao Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinhua Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Pu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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24
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Liu X, Ma Y, Manevski K, Andersen MN, Li Y, Wei Z, Liu F. Biochar and alternate wetting-drying cycles improving rhizosphere soil nutrients availability and tobacco growth by altering root growth strategy in Ferralsol and Anthrosol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150513. [PMID: 34571228 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been advocated as a sustainable and eco-friendly practice to improve soil fertility and crop productivity which could aid in the mitigation of climate change. Nonetheless, the combined effects of biochar and irrigation on tobacco growth and soil nutrients in diverse soil types have been incompletely explored. We applied a split-root experiment to investigate the impacts of amendment with 2% softwood- (WBC) and wheat-straw biochar (SBC) on growth responses and rhizosphere soil nutrients availability of tobacco plants grown in a Ferralsol and an Anthrosol. All plants within same soil type received same amount of water daily by either conventional deficit irrigation (CDI) or alternate wetting-drying cycles irrigation (AWD). Compared to the un-amended controls, SBC addition enhanced biomass, carbon (C)-, phosphorus (P)- and potassium (K)-pool in the aboveground organs especially in Anthrosol, despite a negative effect on aboveground nitrogen (N)-pool. Regardless of soil type, biochar combined with AWD lowered root diameter while increased root tissue mass density to engage the plant in an acquisitive strategy for resources, therefore altered leaves stoichiometry as exemplified by lowered N/K, C/P and N/P and increased C/N. The addition of SBC induced a liming effect by increasing Anthrosol soil pH which was further amplified by AWD, but was unaffected on Ferralsol. Moreover, compared to the controls, SBC and AWD increased available P and K, and total C, total N and C/N ratio in the rhizosphere soil which coincided with the lowered soil C and N isotope composition (δ13C and δ15N), though a slight reduction in C and N stocks under AWD. However, such effects were not evident with WBC might be associated with its natures. Thus, combined SBC/AWD application might be an effective strategy to synergistically overcome nutrients restriction and improve tobacco productivity by intensifying nutrients cycling and optimizing plant growth strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China; College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Weihui Road 23, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Yingying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China; College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Weihui Road 23, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kiril Manevski
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Eastern Yanqihu Campus, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, 101400 Beijing, China
| | - Mathias Neumann Andersen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Eastern Yanqihu Campus, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, 101400 Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China; College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Weihui Road 23, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenhua Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China; College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Weihui Road 23, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Eastern Yanqihu Campus, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, 101400 Beijing, China.
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25
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Zhang J, Ling J, Zhou W, Zhang W, Yang F, Wei Z, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Dong J. Biochar Addition Altered Bacterial Community and Improved Photosynthetic Rate of Seagrass: A Mesocosm Study of Seagrass Thalassia hemprichii. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:783334. [PMID: 34925287 PMCID: PMC8678274 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.783334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seagrass meadows, as typical “blue carbon” ecosystems, play critical ecological roles in the marine ecosystem and decline every year. The application of biochar in soil has been proposed as a potential soil amendment to improve soil quality and mitigate global climate change. The effects of biochar on soil bacterial activities are integrally linked to the potential of biochar in achieving these benefits. However, biochar has been rarely applied in marine ecosystems. Whether the application of biochar could work on the seagrass ecosystem remained unknown. In this study, we investigated the responses of sediment and rhizosphere bacterial communities of seagrass Thalassia hemprichii to the biochar addition derived from maize at ratios of 5% by dry weight in the soil during a one-month incubation. Results indicated that the biochar addition significantly changed the sedimental environment with increasing pH, total phosphorus, and total kalium while total nitrogen decreased. Biochar addition significantly altered both the rhizosphere and sediment bacterial community compositions. The significant changes in rhizosphere bacterial community composition occurred after 30days of incubation, while the significant variations in sediment bacterial community composition distinctly delayed than in sediment occurred on the 14th day. Biochar application improved nitrification and denitrification, which may accelerate nitrogen cycling. As a stabilizer to communities, biochar addition decreased the importance of deterministic selection in sediment and changed the bacterial co-occurrence pattern. The biochar addition may promote seagrass photosynthesis and growth by altering the bacterial community compositions and improving nutrient circulation in the seagrass ecosystem, contributing to the seagrass health improvement. This study provided a theoretical basis for applying biochar to the seagrass ecosystem and shed light on the feasible application of biochar in the marine ecosystem. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,College of Marine Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Ling
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Weiguo Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,College of Marine Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangliang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junde Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
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26
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Zheng C, Zhang X, Gan L, He Z, Zhu J, Zhang W, Gao Y, Yang L. Effects of biochar on the growth of Vallisneria natans in surface flow constructed wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66158-66170. [PMID: 34331223 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To improve the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs), biochar was added to an SFCW matrix. The effects of adding different amounts of biochar on water purification, the growth of Vallisneria natans (V. natans), and microbial mechanisms were explored through SFCW simulation experiments. The results showed that through the joint action of biochar and V. natans, the concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen in the effluent significantly decreased. The total biomass, relative growth rate, and chlorophyll content of V. natans were significantly reduced by adding biochar (≥20%, v/v), as the root activity and the root to leaf biomass ratio slightly increased at first and then decreased. The carbon and nitrogen contents of V. natans slightly increased with the addition of biochar (≥10%, v/v), but the phosphorus content slightly decreased. Moreover, the nitrogen content of the matrices decreased significantly over time (P<0.05), and the phosphorus content in the matrix showed an increasing trend in the same period. In addition, the microbial 16S rDNA sequencing results indicated that the diversity and abundance of the microbial community in the matrix of the biochar-added SFCW tended to decrease. Nevertheless, the abundance of functional bacteria related to nitrogen and phosphorus removal (i.e., Pseudomonas and Dechloromonas) slightly increased, which would benefit denitrification and dephosphorization in the SFCW. Hence, the addition of biochar to the SFCW matrix facilitated the improvement of effluent water quality, while excessive biochar addition (≥10%, v/v) restrained the growth of V. natans but did not cause death. This conclusion provides valid data support regarding the ability of biochar-added SFCW to purify lightly contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofang He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Xiu L, Zhang W, Wu D, Sun Y, Zhang H, Gu W, Wang Y, Meng J, Chen W. Biochar can improve biological nitrogen fixation by altering the root growth strategy of soybean in Albic soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:144564. [PMID: 33940700 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Albic soil is a low-yielding soil that is widely distributed in Northeast China. The high viscosity and acidity and the lack of nutrients in the Albic layer limit the growth of crop. In our previous studies, we found that applying biochar as a soil amendment could improve the properties of Albic soil and promote soybean growth. Increases in the nitrogen contents of the soil and the soybeans were key aspects of these improvements. Soybean is a nitrogen-fixing crop, the increase in nitrogen in the Albic soil may have been due to an improvement in biological nitrogen fixation by the soybean with biochar amendment, but the function mechanism was still uncertain. We hypothesized that biochar could improve biological nitrogen fixation of soybean by affecting soybean root growth in the Albic soil. Therefore, we conducted pot experiments with five treatment levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g·kg-1 biochar) for two years to study how biochar affects the root growth strategy and biological nitrogen fixation of soybean based on its root structure and root nutrient acquisition ability at different stages. The soybean root structure and activity indexes, nodulation ability and nitrogen uptake were measured at different growth stages; in the second year, at the late seed-filling stage, the stable 15N isotope method was used to elucidate the biological nitrogen fixation process. Regarding root structure at the pod-setting stage, biochar resulted in increases in root length density, specific root length, root diameter and specific tip density but a decrease in root tissue mass density at the pod-setting stage. Biochar improved root nutrient acquisition by increasing root activity, root tip number and root-bleeding sap amount. The change in root growth strategy contributed to the promotion of biological nitrogen fixation by the rhizobia that live symbiotically with soybean, thereby increasing crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Xiu
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Rice Research Institute, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiming Zhang
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Rice Research Institute, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Di Wu
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Rice Research Institute, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Rice Research Institute, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Honggui Zhang
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Rice Research Institute, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenqi Gu
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Rice Research Institute, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuning Wang
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Rice Research Institute, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Rice Research Institute, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Rice Research Institute, Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China.
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28
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Li W, Zhou J, Ding H, Fu H, Liu J, Chen Y, Dai T, Lou Q, Zhong X, Fan H, Zhong J. Low-dose biochar added to sediment improves water quality and promotes the growth of submerged macrophytes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140602. [PMID: 32640389 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a good adsorbent for water pollutants. However, the effects of biochar on aquatic organisms are not well understood. In this study, different amounts of biochar (CK, 0 mg/g; T1, 10 mg/g; T2, 30 mg/g) were added to sediment to study changes in water quality and its impact on three submerged macrophytes (Hydrilla verticillata, Vallisneria natans, and Ceratophyllum demersum) and the sediment microbial community. The results indicated that biochar treatments significantly increased the water pH and conductivity. Compared with the initial values, the total phosphorus (P) contents in the water of the CK, T1, and T2 treatments decreased by 78.5%, 95.0%, and 58.3%, respectively, while the total nitrogen contents increased by 26.26%, -5.81%, and 19.70%, respectively. Compared with those in CK, the relative growth rates of H. verticillata, V. natans, and C. demersum in T1 increased by 28.4%, 163.1%, and 61.3%, respectively, while those in T2 showed no significant difference except that the growth rates of H. verticillata decreased by 17.7%. The P contents of the three submerged macrophytes increased with the increase of biochar addition, except that there was no significant difference between T2 and CK for H. verticillata. Biochar treatments reduced the biomass of total microbial, bacterial, and fungal phospholipid fatty acids in the sediment for H. verticillata and V. natans, and they increased fungal: bacterial ratios in the low-dose biochar treatments for V. natans and C. demersum. This study demonstrates that the addition of biochar to sediment significantly increased the pH and conductivity, and decreased total P contents in the water. Low-dose biochar treatments were more beneficial for water quality improvements and the growth of submerged macrophytes than high-dose biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, PR China.
| | - Jihai Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Huijun Ding
- Ministry of Water Resources Research Center of Poyang Lake Water Resources and Water Environment, Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences, Nanchang 330029, PR China
| | - Hui Fu
- Ecology Department, College of Bioscience& Biotechnology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Jinfu Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, PR China
| | - Yuwei Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, PR China
| | - Taotao Dai
- Ministry of Water Resources Research Center of Poyang Lake Water Resources and Water Environment, Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences, Nanchang 330029, PR China
| | - Qian Lou
- Ministry of Water Resources Research Center of Poyang Lake Water Resources and Water Environment, Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences, Nanchang 330029, PR China
| | - Xie Zhong
- Ministry of Water Resources Research Center of Poyang Lake Water Resources and Water Environment, Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences, Nanchang 330029, PR China
| | - Houbao Fan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, PR China
| | - Jiayou Zhong
- Ministry of Water Resources Research Center of Poyang Lake Water Resources and Water Environment, Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences, Nanchang 330029, PR China.
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