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Abbas S, Abbas M, Alam A, Hussain N, Irshad M, Khaliq M, Han X, Hafeez F, Romano D, Chen RZ. Mitigating dengue incidence through advanced Aedes larval surveillance and control: A successful experience from Pakistan. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38769861 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485324000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Dengue fever is a viral disease caused by one of four dengue stereotypes (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae) that are primarily transmitted by Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Aedes aegypti (L.). To safeguard public health, it is crucial to conduct surveys that examine the factors favouring the presence of these species. Our study surveyed 42 councils across four towns within the Bhakkar district of Punjab Province, by inspecting man-made or natural habitats containing standing water. First, door-to-door surveillance teams from the district health department were assigned to each council to surveillance Aedes species and dengue cases. Second, data collection through surveillance efforts, and validation procedures were implemented, and the verified data was uploaded onto the Dengue Tracking System by Third Party Validation teams. Third, data were analysed to identify factors influencing dengue fever cases. The findings demonstrated the following: (1) Predominantly, instances were discerned among individuals who had a documented history of having travelled beyond the confines of the province. (2) Containers associated with evaporative air coolers and tyre shops were responsible for approximately 30% of the Aedes developmental sites. (4) Variability in temperature was responsible for approximately 45% of the observed differences in the quantity of recorded Aedes mosquito developmental sites. (5) Implementation of dengue prevention initiatives precipitated a 50% reduction in Aedes-positive containers, alongside a notable 70% decline in reported cases of dengue fever during the period spanning 2019 to 2020, while the majority of reported cases were of external origin. Aedes control measures substantially curtailed mosquito populations and lowered vector-virus interactions. Notably, local dengue transmission was eliminated through advanced and effective Aedes control efforts, emphasising the need for persistent surveillance and eradication of larval habitats in affected regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Abbas
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, PR China
| | - Muneer Abbas
- Arid Zone Research Institute, Bhakkar, Punjab 30004, Pakistan
| | - Aleena Alam
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, PR China
| | - Niaz Hussain
- Arid Zone Research Institute, Bhakkar, Punjab 30004, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Arid Zone Research Institute, Bhakkar, Punjab 30004, Pakistan
| | - Mudassar Khaliq
- Arid Zone Research Institute, Bhakkar, Punjab 30004, Pakistan
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, PR China
| | - Faisal Hafeez
- Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - Donato Romano
- The BioRobotics Institute & Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ri Zhao Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, PR China
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Laverdeur J, Desmecht D, Hayette MP, Darcis G. Dengue and chikungunya: future threats for Northern Europe? FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 4:1342723. [PMID: 38456075 PMCID: PMC10911022 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2024.1342723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viral diseases are likely to be affected by the consequences of climate change with an increase in their distribution and intensity. Among these infectious diseases, chikungunya and dengue viruses are two (re)emergent arboviruses transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes and which have recently demonstrated their capacity for rapid expansion. They most often cause mild diseases, but they can both be associated with complications and severe forms. In Europe, following the establishment of invasive Aedes spp, the first outbreaks of autochtonous dengue and chikungunya have already occurred. Northern Europe is currently relatively spared, but climatic projections show that the conditions are permissive for the establishment of Aedes albopictus (also known as the tiger mosquito) in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to question and improve the means of surveillance in northern Europe, at the dawn of inevitable future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Laverdeur
- Department of General Practice, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Department of Animal Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Pierre Hayette
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Darcis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Zardini A, Menegale F, Gobbi A, Manica M, Guzzetta G, d'Andrea V, Marziano V, Trentini F, Montarsi F, Caputo B, Solimini A, Marques-Toledo C, Wilke ABB, Rosà R, Marini G, Arnoldi D, Pastore Y Piontti A, Pugliese A, Capelli G, Della Torre A, Teixeira MM, Beier JC, Rizzoli A, Vespignani A, Ajelli M, Merler S, Poletti P. Estimating the potential risk of transmission of arboviruses in the Americas and Europe: a modelling study. Lancet Planet Health 2024; 8:e30-e40. [PMID: 38199719 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates of the spatiotemporal distribution of different mosquito vector species and the associated risk of transmission of arboviruses are key to design adequate policies for preventing local outbreaks and reducing the number of human infections in endemic areas. In this study, we quantified the abundance of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti and the local transmission potential for three arboviral infections at an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution in areas where no entomological surveillance is available. METHODS We developed a computational model to quantify the daily abundance of Aedes mosquitoes, leveraging temperature and precipitation records. The model was calibrated on mosquito surveillance data collected in 115 locations in Europe and the Americas between 2007 and 2018. Model estimates were used to quantify the reproduction number of dengue virus, Zika virus, and chikungunya in Europe and the Americas, at a high spatial resolution. FINDINGS In areas colonised by both Aedes species, A aegypti was estimated to be the main vector for the transmission of dengue virus, Zika virus, and chikungunya, being associated with a higher estimate of R0 when compared with A albopictus. Our estimates highlighted that these arboviruses were endemic in tropical and subtropical countries, with the highest risks of transmission found in central America, Venezuela, Colombia, and central-east Brazil. A non-negligible potential risk of transmission was also estimated for Florida, Texas, and Arizona (USA). The broader ecological niche of A albopictus could contribute to the emergence of chikungunya outbreaks and clusters of dengue autochthonous cases in temperate areas of the Americas, as well as in mediterranean Europe (in particular, in Italy, southern France, and Spain). INTERPRETATION Our results provide a comprehensive overview of the transmission potential of arboviral diseases in Europe and the Americas, highlighting areas where surveillance and mosquito control capacities should be prioritised. FUNDING EU and Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca, Italy (Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza Extended Partnership initiative on Emerging Infectious Diseases); EU (Horizon 2020); Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca, Italy (Progetti di ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale programme); Brazilian National Council of Science, Technology and Innovation; Ministry of Health, Brazil; and Foundation of Research for Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Zardini
- Center for Health Emergencies, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Menegale
- Center for Health Emergencies, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy; Department of Mathematics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Gobbi
- Digital Industry Center, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Mattia Manica
- Center for Health Emergencies, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy; Epilab-Joint Research Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach-Fondazione Bruno Kessler Joint Research Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Giorgio Guzzetta
- Center for Health Emergencies, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy; Epilab-Joint Research Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach-Fondazione Bruno Kessler Joint Research Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Valeria d'Andrea
- Center for Health Emergencies, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Trentini
- Center for Health Emergencies, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy; Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy; Department of Decision Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montarsi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Beniamino Caputo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Solimini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Marques-Toledo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André B B Wilke
- Laboratory for Computational Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Roberto Rosà
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy; Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marini
- Epilab-Joint Research Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach-Fondazione Bruno Kessler Joint Research Unit, Trento, Italy; Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniele Arnoldi
- Epilab-Joint Research Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach-Fondazione Bruno Kessler Joint Research Unit, Trento, Italy; Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Ana Pastore Y Piontti
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Pugliese
- Department of Mathematics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Gioia Capelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Della Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - John C Beier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Annapaola Rizzoli
- Epilab-Joint Research Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach-Fondazione Bruno Kessler Joint Research Unit, Trento, Italy; Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vespignani
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco Ajelli
- Laboratory for Computational Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Stefano Merler
- Center for Health Emergencies, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy; Epilab-Joint Research Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach-Fondazione Bruno Kessler Joint Research Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Piero Poletti
- Center for Health Emergencies, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy; Epilab-Joint Research Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach-Fondazione Bruno Kessler Joint Research Unit, Trento, Italy.
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Nie P, Feng J. Niche and Range Shifts of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus Suggest That the Latecomer Shows a Greater Invasiveness. INSECTS 2023; 14:810. [PMID: 37887822 PMCID: PMC10607146 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The yellow fever (Aedes aegypti) and Asian tiger (Ae. albopictus) mosquitos are major vectors of global mosquito-borne pathogens. However, their niche and range shifts, the underlying mechanisms, and related relative invasion rates remain scarcely known. We examined the niche and range shifts between the native and invasive Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus populations through dynamic niche and range models and the largest occurrence record datasets to date. We detected substantial niche and range expansions in both species, probably because the introduced populations have more opportunities to acclimate to diverse environmental conditions than their native counterparts. Mitigating climate change could effectively control their future invasions, given that future climate changes could promote their invasiveness. Additionally, compared to the introduced Ae. aegypti, the more recent invader Ae. albopictus had greater niche and range expansion over its shorter invasion history. In terms of the range shifts, Ae. albopictus had an invasion rate approximately 13.3 times faster than that of Ae. aegypti, making it a more invasive vector of global mosquito-borne pathogens. Therefore, considering its higher invasion rate, much more attention should be paid to Ae. albopictus in devising our strategies against prevailing global mosquito-borne pathogens than Ae. aegypti. Since small niche shifts could result in their large range shifts, niche shifts might be a more important indicator for biological invasion assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianmeng Feng
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
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Vasquez MI, Notarides G, Meletiou S, Patsoula E, Kavran M, Michaelakis A, Bellini R, Toumazi T, Bouyer J, Petrić D. Two invasions at once: update on the introduction of the invasive species Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Cyprus - a call for action in Europe. Parasite 2023; 30:41. [PMID: 37772845 PMCID: PMC10540676 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito and Aedes albopictus, the tiger mosquito, continue to expand their geographical distribution, reshaping the European epidemiological risks for mosquito-borne diseases. The reintroduction of Aedes aegypti near the airport and port in Larnaka and the detection of Aedes albopictus near the marina and old port of the Limassol area in Cyprus are reported herein. The measures taken to investigate these events included (i) communication to health authorities, (ii) expert on-site visits and verification of findings, (iii) enhanced active surveillance, and (iv) development of an Emergency Action Plan followed by a Contingency Plan. These emergency action plans were developed to delimitate the infested areas and to prevent the spreading of the mosquito populations into new areas. The general principles are presented along with their rationale to serve as guidelines for other geographical regions targeting suppression/eradication with a sterile insect technique component. In parallel, this manuscript serves as a call for action at the European level to impede the further spread of these species and support the activities being undertaken in Cyprus to combat the incursions of Aedes invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen Ines Vasquez
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Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology 3020 Limassol Cyprus
| | - Gregoris Notarides
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Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology 3020 Limassol Cyprus
| | - Sotiris Meletiou
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Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology 3020 Limassol Cyprus
| | - Eleni Patsoula
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Faculty of Public Health Policy, Laboratory for Surveillance of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of West Attica 11521 Athens Greece
| | - Mihaela Kavran
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University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Center of Excellence One Health – Vectors and Climate 21101 Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Antonios Michaelakis
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Laboratory of Insects and Parasites of Medical Importance, Benaki Phytopathological Institute 14561 Athens Greece
| | - Romeo Bellini
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Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli” 40014 Crevalcore Italy
| | - Toumazis Toumazi
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Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology 3020 Limassol Cyprus
| | - Jeremy Bouyer
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UMR Astre (Animals, Health, Territories, Risks, Ecosystems), Cirad, Inrae, Univ. Montpellier 34398 Montpellier France
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Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency A-1400 Vienna Austria
| | - Dušan Petrić
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University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Center of Excellence One Health – Vectors and Climate 21101 Novi Sad Serbia
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Kouroupis D, Charisi K, Pyrpasopoulou A. The Ongoing Epidemic of West Nile Virus in Greece: The Contribution of Biological Vectors and Reservoirs and the Importance of Climate and Socioeconomic Factors Revisited. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:453. [PMID: 37755914 PMCID: PMC10536956 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8090453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases have inflicted a significant health and socioeconomic burden upon the global population and governments worldwide. West Nile virus, a zoonotic, mosquito-borne flavivirus, was originally isolated in 1937 from a febrile patient in the West Nile Province of Uganda. It remained confined mainly to Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Europe and Australia until 1999, circulating in an enzootic mosquito-bird transmission cycle. Since the beginning of the 21st century, a new, neurotropic, more virulent strain was isolated from human outbreaks initially occurring in North America and later expanding to South and South-eastern Europe. Since 2010, when the first epidemic was recorded in Greece, annual incidence has fluctuated significantly. A variety of environmental, biological and socioeconomic factors have been globally addressed as potential regulators of the anticipated intensity of the annual incidence rate; circulation within the zoonotic reservoirs, recruitment and adaptation of new potent arthropod vectors, average winter and summer temperatures, precipitation during the early summer months, and socioeconomic factors, such as the emergence and progression of urbanization and the development of densely populated areas in association with insufficient health policy measures. This paper presents a review of the biological and socioenvironmental factors influencing the dynamics of the epidemics of West Nile virus (WNV) cases in Greece, one of the highest-ranked European countries in terms of annual incidence. To date, WNV remains an unpredictable opponent as is also the case with other emerging infectious diseases, forcing the National Health systems to develop response strategies, control the number of infections, and shorten the duration of the epidemics, thus minimizing the impact on human and material resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kouroupis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Konstantina Charisi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hippokration Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Athina Pyrpasopoulou
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hippokration Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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