1
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Carmi YK, Agbarya A, Khamaisi H, Farah R, Shechtman Y, Korobochka R, Gopas J, Mahajna J. Ovarian cancer ascites confers platinum chemoresistance to ovarian cancer cells. Transl Oncol 2024; 44:101939. [PMID: 38489872 PMCID: PMC10955424 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC), the second most common form of gynecologic malignancy, has a poor prognosis and is often discovered in the late stages. Platinum-based chemotherapy is the first line of therapy. Nevertheless, treatment OC has proven challenging due to toxicity and the development of acquired resistance to therapy. Tumor microenvironment (TME) has been associated with platinum chemoresistance. Malignant ascites has been used as OC tumor microenvironment and its ability to induce platinum chemoresistance has been investigated. Our results suggest that exposure to OC ascites induces platinum chemoresistance in 11 of 13 cases (85 %) on OC cells. In contrast, 75 % of cirrhotic ascites (3 of 4) failed to confer platinum chemoresistance to OC cells. Cytokine array analysis revealed that IL -6 and to a lesser extent HGF were enriched in OC ascites, whereas IL -22 was enriched in cirrhotic ascites. Pharmaceutical inhibitors targeting the IL -6/ JAK pathway were mildly effective in overcoming platinum chemoresistance induced by malignant ascites. In contrast, crizotinib, an HGF/c- MET inhibitor, and 2-hydroxyestradiol (2HE2) were effective in restoring platinum chemosensitivity to OC. Our results demonstrate the importance of OC ascites in supporting platinum chemoresistance and the potential of combination therapy to restore chemosensitivity of OC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Koren Carmi
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, and Department of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Abed Agbarya
- Oncology Department, Bnai Zion MC, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hazem Khamaisi
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Raymond Farah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel
| | | | | | - Jacob Gopas
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, and Department of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.
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2
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Battistini C, Kenny HA, Zambuto M, Nieddu V, Melocchi V, Decio A, Lo Riso P, Villa CE, Gatto A, Ghioni M, Porta FM, Testa G, Giavazzi R, Colombo N, Bianchi F, Lengyel E, Cavallaro U. Tumor microenvironment-induced FOXM1 regulates ovarian cancer stemness. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:370. [PMID: 38806454 PMCID: PMC11133450 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
In ovarian tumors, the omental microenvironment profoundly influences the behavior of cancer cells and sustains the acquisition of stem-like traits, with major impacts on tumor aggressiveness and relapse. Here, we leverage a patient-derived platform of organotypic cultures to study the crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment and ovarian cancer stem cells. We discovered that the pro-tumorigenic transcription factor FOXM1 is specifically induced by the microenvironment in ovarian cancer stem cells, through activation of FAK/YAP signaling. The microenvironment-induced FOXM1 sustains stemness, and its inactivation reduces cancer stem cells survival in the omental niche and enhances their response to the PARP inhibitor Olaparib. By unveiling the novel role of FOXM1 in ovarian cancer stemness, our findings highlight patient-derived organotypic co-cultures as a powerful tool to capture clinically relevant mechanisms of the microenvironment/cancer stem cells crosstalk, contributing to the identification of tumor vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Battistini
- Unit of Gynaecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Hilary A Kenny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Melissa Zambuto
- Unit of Gynaecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Nieddu
- Unit of Gynaecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Melocchi
- Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Alessandra Decio
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research - IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Lo Riso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Gatto
- Unit of Gynaecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Ghioni
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca M Porta
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
- School of Pathology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCSS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Giavazzi
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research - IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Colombo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ugo Cavallaro
- Unit of Gynaecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Nunes M, Bartosch C, Abreu MH, Richardson A, Almeida R, Ricardo S. Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms behind Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer to Unlock Efficient Treatment Options. Cells 2024; 13:786. [PMID: 38727322 PMCID: PMC11083313 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal form of gynecological cancer. This disease often goes undetected until advanced stages, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Unfortunately, many patients experience relapse and succumb to the disease due to the emergence of drug resistance that significantly limits the effectiveness of currently available oncological treatments. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance to carboplatin, paclitaxel, polyadenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors, and bevacizumab in ovarian cancer. We present a detailed analysis of the most extensively investigated resistance mechanisms, including drug inactivation, drug target alterations, enhanced drug efflux pumps, increased DNA damage repair capacity, and reduced drug absorption/accumulation. The in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with drug resistance is crucial to unveil new biomarkers capable of predicting and monitoring the kinetics during disease progression and discovering new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nunes
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Bartosch
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (PCCC), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.B.); (M.H.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPO-Porto), Health Research Network (RISE@CI-IPO-Porto), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Henriques Abreu
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (PCCC), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.B.); (M.H.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alan Richardson
- The School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, Staffordshire, UK;
| | - Raquel Almeida
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
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4
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Tian BQ, Wang SW, Xu JY, Wu SG, Zhou J. Trends in survival of ovarian clear cell carcinoma patients from 2000 to 2015. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1360663. [PMID: 38515571 PMCID: PMC10956514 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1360663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze changes in survival outcomes in patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) treated consecutively over a 16-year period using a population-based cohort. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of OCCC from 2000 to 2015 using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. The ovarian cancer-specific survival (OCSS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed according to the year of diagnosis. Joinpoint Regression Program, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used for statistical analysis. Results We included 4257 patients in the analysis. The analysis of annual percentage change in OCSS (P=0.014) and OS (P=0.006) showed that patients diagnosed in later years had significantly better outcomes compared to those diagnosed in early years. The results of the multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the year of diagnosis was the independent prognostic factor associated with OCSS (P=0.004) and had a borderline effect on OS (P=0.060). Regarding the SEER staging, the OCSS (P=0.017) and OS (P=0.004) of patients with distant stage showed a significant trend toward increased, while no significant trends were found in the survival of patients with localized or regional stage diseases. Similar trends were found in those aged <65 years or those treated with surgery and chemotherapy. However, no statistically significant changes in the survival rate were found in those aged ≥65 years or those receiving surgery alone regardless of SEER stage during the study period. Conclusions Our study observed a significant increase in the survival outcomes in OCCC from 2000 to 2015, and patients aged <65 years and those with distant stage experienced a greater improvement in survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shu-Wen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing-Ying Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - San-Gang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Xiang X, Hao Y, Cheng C, Hu H, Chen H, Tan J, Wang Y, Liu X, Peng B, Liao J, Wang J, Xie Y, Liu J, Chen S, Xu L, Xie W, Xue R, Kuang M, Xu Z, Jiang H, Peng S. A TGF-β-dominant chemoresistant phenotype of hepatoblastoma associated with aflatoxin exposure in children. Hepatology 2024; 79:650-665. [PMID: 37459556 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common liver cancer in children, posing a serious threat to children's health. Chemoresistance is the leading cause of mortality in patients with HB. A more explicit definition of the features of chemotherapy resistance in HB represents a fundamental urgent need. APPROACH AND RESULTS We performed an integrative analysis including single-cell RNA sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and bulk RNA sequencing in 180 HB samples, to reveal genomic features, transcriptomic profiles, and the immune microenvironment of HB. Multicolor immunohistochemistry staining and in vitro experiments were performed for validation. Here, we reported four HB transcriptional subtypes primarily defined by differential expression of transcription factors. Among them, the S2A subtype, characterized by strong expression of progenitor ( MYCN , MIXL1 ) and mesenchymal transcription factors ( TWIST1 , TBX5 ), was defined as a new chemoresistant subtype. The S2A subtype showed increased TGF-β cancer-associated fibroblast and an immunosuppressive microenvironment induced by the upregulated TGF-β of HB. Interestingly, the S2A subtype enriched SBS24 signature and significantly higher serum aflatoxin B1-albumin (AFB1-ALB) level in comparison with other subtypes. Functional assays indicated that aflatoxin promotes HB to upregulate TGF-β. Furthermore, clinical prognostic analysis showed that serum AFB1-ALB is a potential indicator of HB chemoresistance and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Our studies offer new insights into the relationship between aflatoxin and HB chemoresistance and provide important implications for its diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiang
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijie Hao
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanjing Hu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huadong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiehui Tan
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqi Wang
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junbin Liao
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubin Xie
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juncheng Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuling Chen
- Division of Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxuan Xie
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruidong Xue
- Peking University First Hospital, Translational Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Zhou C, Ma J, Luo W, Hu J, Chen J, Liang S, He S. A Novel Platinum Resistance-Related Immune Gene Signature for Overall Survival Prediction in Patients with Ovarian Cancer. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:112-124. [PMID: 37270714 PMCID: PMC10901932 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OV) is a highly heterogeneous gynecological tumor that makes the prognostic prediction challenging. Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy is associated with a poor prognosis in OV. There seems to be an overlap between molecular mechanisms responsible for platinum resistance and immunogenicity in OV. However, the predictive role of platinum resistance-related immune genes for OV prognosis needs to be further explored. In our study, the mRNA expression data of OV patients with corresponding clinical information were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort. A multigene signature was constructed for OV patients in the TCGA cohort using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model according to the optimal value of λ and was validated in the ICGC cohort. Furthermore, we performed functional analysis to explore the immune status between low- and high-risk groups based on the median value of the risk score for the multigene signature. Our data showed that there were 41.1% of the platinum resistance-related genes which differentially expressed between immune score low- and high-OV patients in the TCGA cohort. Univariate Cox regression analysis identified 30 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05). 14 genes were identified to construct a novel platinum resistance-related immune model for classifying OV patients into the low- and high- risk groups. Patients in the low-risk group showed significantly higher OS than those in the high-risk group (P < 0.0001 in the both TCGA and ICGC cohort), which was associated with different immune status for the two risk groups. A novel platinum resistance-related immune model can be used for prognostic prediction in OV. Targeting tumor immunity may be a therapeutic alternative for OV with platinum resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjun Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiemei Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Suiying Liang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanyang He
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Li YR, Ochoa CJ, Zhu Y, Kramer A, Wilson M, Fang Y, Chen Y, Singh T, Di Bernardo G, Zhu E, Lee D, Moatamed NA, Bando J, Zhou JJ, Memarzadeh S, Yang L. Profiling ovarian cancer tumor and microenvironment during disease progression for cell-based immunotherapy design. iScience 2023; 26:107952. [PMID: 37810241 PMCID: PMC10558812 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is highly lethal due to late detection and frequent recurrence. Initial treatments, comprising surgery and chemotherapy, lead to disease remission but are invariably associated with subsequent relapse. The identification of novel therapies and an improved understanding of the molecular and cellular characteristics of OC are urgently needed. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of primary tumor cells and their microenvironment from 16 chemonaive and 10 recurrent OC patient samples. Profiling OC tumor biomarkers allowed for the identification of potential molecular targets for developing immunotherapies, while profiling the microenvironment yielded insights into its cellular composition and property changes between chemonaive and recurrent samples. Notably, we identified CD1d as a biomarker of the OC microenvironment and demonstrated its targeting by invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Overall, our study presents a comprehensive immuno-profiling of OC tumor and microenvironment during disease progression, guiding the development of immunotherapies for OC treatment, especially for recurrent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christopher J Ochoa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yichen Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adam Kramer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tanya Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gabriella Di Bernardo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Enbo Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Derek Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Neda A Moatamed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joanne Bando
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jin J Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sanaz Memarzadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- The VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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8
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Xiong S, Li S, Zeng J, Nie J, Liu T, Liu X, Chen L, Fu B, Deng J, Xu S. Deciphering the immunological and prognostic features of bladder cancer through platinum-resistance-related genes analysis and identifying potential therapeutic target P4HB. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253586. [PMID: 37790935 PMCID: PMC10544894 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify the molecular subtypes and develop a scoring system for the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and prognostic features of bladder cancer (BLCA) based on the platinum-resistance-related (PRR) genes analysis while identifying P4HB as a potential therapeutic target. Methods In this study, we analyzed gene expression data and clinical information of 594 BLCA samples. We used unsupervised clustering to identify molecular subtypes based on the expression levels of PRR genes. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed to understand the biological activities of these subtypes. We also assessed the TIME and developed a prognostic signature and scoring system. Moreover, we analyzed the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Then we conducted real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) experiments to detect the expression level of prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta (P4HB) in BLCA cell lines. Transfection of small interference ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was performed in 5637 and EJ cells to knock down P4HB, and the impact of P4HB on cellular functions was evaluated through wound-healing and transwell assays. Finally, siRNA transfection of P4HB was performed in the cisplatin-resistant T24 cell to assess its impact on the sensitivity of BLCA to platinum-based chemotherapy drugs. Results In a cohort of 594 BLCA samples (TCGA-BLCA, n=406; GSE13507, n=188), 846 PRR-associated genes were identified by intersecting BLCA expression data from TCGA and GEO databases with the PRR genes from the HGSOC-Platinum database. Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed 264 PRR genes linked to BLCA prognosis. We identified three molecular subtypes (Cluster A-C) and the PRR scoring system based on PRR genes. Cluster C exhibited a better prognosis and lower immune cell infiltration compared to the other Clusters A and B. The high PRR score group was significantly associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, poor clinical-pathological features, and a poor prognosis. Furthermore, the high PRR group showed higher expression of immune checkpoint molecules and a poorer response to immune checkpoint inhibitors than the low PRR group. The key PRR gene P4HB was highly expressed in BLCA cell lines, and cellular functional experiments in vitro indicate that P4HB may be an important factor influencing BLCA migration and invasion. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that the PRR signatures are significantly associated with clinical-pathological features, the TIME, and prognostic features. The key PRR gene, P4HB, s a biomarker for the individualized treatment of BLCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Situ Xiong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianqiang Nie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Taobin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Luyao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Songhui Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, Nanchang, China
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Wilczyński JR, Wilczyński M, Paradowska E. "DEPHENCE" system-a novel regimen of therapy that is urgently needed in the high-grade serous ovarian cancer-a focus on anti-cancer stem cell and anti-tumor microenvironment targeted therapies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1201497. [PMID: 37448521 PMCID: PMC10338102 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1201497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, especially high-grade serous type, is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. The lack of screening programs and the scarcity of symptomatology result in the late diagnosis in about 75% of affected women. Despite very demanding and aggressive surgical treatment, multiple-line chemotherapy regimens and both approved and clinically tested targeted therapies, the overall survival of patients is still unsatisfactory and disappointing. Research studies have recently brought some more understanding of the molecular diversity of the ovarian cancer, its unique intraperitoneal biology, the role of cancer stem cells, and the complexity of tumor microenvironment. There is a growing body of evidence that individualization of the treatment adjusted to the molecular and biochemical signature of the tumor as well as to the medical status of the patient should replace or supplement the foregoing therapy. In this review, we have proposed the principles of the novel regimen of the therapy that we called the "DEPHENCE" system, and we have extensively discussed the results of the studies focused on the ovarian cancer stem cells, other components of cancer metastatic niche, and, finally, clinical trials targeting these two environments. Through this, we have tried to present the evolving landscape of treatment options and put flesh on the experimental approach to attack the high-grade serous ovarian cancer multidirectionally, corresponding to the "DEPHENCE" system postulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek R Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Miłosz Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological, Endoscopic and Oncological Surgery, Polish Mother's Health Center-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Surgical and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Edyta Paradowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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10
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Ying F, Guo J, Gao X, Huang L, Gao L, Cai J, Wang Z. Establishment of highly metastatic ovarian cancer model with omental tropism via in vivo selection. iScience 2023; 26:106719. [PMID: 37197325 PMCID: PMC10183668 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage with peritoneal metastasis, and preclinical models mimicking the natural course of OC peritoneal metastasis are essential to improve treatment. We implanted ES2 and ID8 cells in the ovaries of mice and obtained highly metastatic (HM) sublines from their omental metastases after three cycles in vivo selection. Orthotopic xenografts derived from the HM sublines showed enhanced omental tropism and more extensive metastasis with earlier onset. The HM cells exhibited increased in vitro migration and invasion properties, and RNA sequencing revealed that the genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix regulation were significantly altered in the HM cells. Among them, the upregulated genes were significantly associated with poorer survival in OC patients. In conclusion, these HM sublines can be leveraged to establish spontaneous metastatic OC mouse models, which may serve as ideal preclinical models for anti-metastasis therapy for OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiquan Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xuejiao Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lingling Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Corresponding author
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11
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Yu T, Li X. Development of ZD2767P-carboxypeptidase G2-ultrasound therapy against cisplatin-resistant cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1151613. [PMID: 37274240 PMCID: PMC10233003 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1151613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
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Prognostic Significance of the CXCLs and Its Impact on the Immune Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2023; 2023:5223657. [PMID: 36798787 PMCID: PMC9926335 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5223657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) family in tumor tissue is closely related to tumor growth, metastasis, and survival. However, the differential expression profile and prognostic value of the CXCLs in ovarian cancer (OC) have not been elucidated. Therefore, we studied the expression levels and mutations of CXCLs in OC patient in TCGA and various public databases. The expression differences of CXCLs in OC cancer tissues and normal tissues were compared through the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database. The effect of CXCLs on OC prognosis was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier curves in GEPIA database. The impact of CXCLs on immune infiltration and clinicopathological outcomes in OC was assessed using the TIMER algorithm. Compared with normal tissues, we found that eight CXCLs were significantly differentially expressed in OC. The expression levels of CXCL9 (P = 0.0201), CXCL11 (P = 0.0385), and CXCL13 (P = 0.0288) were significantly associated with tumor stage. CXCL13 was the only gene that significantly affected both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in OC, and higher CXCL13 transcript levels implied longer DFS and OS. Although there was no significant impact on DFS, CXCL10 (P = 0.0079) and CXCL11 (P = 0.0011) expression levels had a significant effect on OS in OC. At the same time, CXCLs were significantly associated with several immune-infiltrating cells in OC tissues. The CXCLs were significantly associated with one or more immune-infiltrating cells in OC tissue. CXCL13 was differentially expressed in OC and significantly affected the prognosis of patients and was a potential marker of OC prognosis.
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Hao Z, Yu Y, Yang S. The impact of omentectomy on cause-specific survival of Stage I-IIIA epithelial ovarian cancer: A PSM-IPTW analysis based on the SEER database. Front Surg 2022; 9:1052788. [PMID: 36644529 PMCID: PMC9836003 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1052788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Routine omentectomy is generally performed during surgery for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The current study aims to evaluate the impact of omentectomy on cause-specific survival of Stage I-IIIA EOC patients. Methods Patients who presented with clinical Stage I-IIIA serous, clear cell, endometrioid, and mucinous ovarian cancers were selected from the SEER Database for the period between 2004 and 2018. We extracted clinicopathological data and surgical information with the focus on the performance of omentectomy and lymphadenectomy. Binary logistic regression and recursive partitioning analyses were conducted to identify the significant factors for the performance of omentectomy during surgery. Propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) techniques were utilized to balance confounding factors. Multivariate, exploratory subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of omentectomy on cause-specific survival (CSS). Results A total of 13,302 patients with EOC were enrolled in the study. The cohort comprised 3,569 endometrioid, 4,915 serous, 2,407 clear cell, and 2,411 mucinous subtypes. A total of 48.62% (6,467/13,302) of patients underwent the procedure of omentectomy during primary surgery, and only 3% absolute improvement in CSS at the individual level was observed, without statistical significance based on multivariate analysis. According to the regression-tree model with recursive partitioning analysis, the procedure of lymphadenectomy was found to be the strongest factor to distinguish the performance of omentectomy, followed by the tumor stage. Patients who underwent omentectomy were more likely to be managed in Stage I than those who underwent lymphadenectomy. After PSM-IPTW adjustment, the inclusion of omentectomy in the initial surgical procedure did not demonstrate a beneficial impact on CSS compared with those who did not undergo the procedure. Exploratory subgroup analysis indicated that the performance of omentectomy improved 5-year CSS in Stage II-IIIA patients. In the sensitive analyses for various tumor stages, omentectomy appeared to benefit only Stage II patients. However, patients across various stages seemed to benefit from the performance of lymphadenectomy, irrespective of the performance of omentectomy on them. Conclusion Routine omentectomy may not be associated with survival benefit for patients with a grossly normal-appearing omentum, especially for those with clinical Stage I epithelial ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Hao
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Correspondence: Zhimin Hao Sufen Yang
| | - Yangli Yu
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Sufen Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Correspondence: Zhimin Hao Sufen Yang
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Anand S, Khan MA, Singh AP. Turning Adversity into Strength and Transferring It to the Uninitiated: The Tricks Cancer Cells Play to Survive Hypoxic Stress and Fight Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:166. [PMID: 36612162 PMCID: PMC9818293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress during the past few decades, cancer remains the second most common cause of death in the US after heart disease [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Anand
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Mohammad Aslam Khan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
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15
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Synthesis and anti-ovarian cancer effects of benzimidazole-2-substituted pyridine and phenyl propenone derivatives. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1835-1846. [PMID: 36373543 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Given the benzimidazole derivatives have anti-ovarian cancer effects, the authors aimed to determine whether benzimidazole-2-substituted pyridine and phenyl propenone derivatives exert anti-ovarian cancer activity. Materials & methods: 21 derivatives were synthesized and assayed for their antiproliferative activities. Western blotting in A2780 cells was used to detect the effects of compound A-6 on apoptosis-related proteins. Invasion, migration and apoptosis were assayed in SKOV3 cells treated with A-6. The in vivo activity was also examined. Results: A-6 could inhibit proliferation, invasion and migration and induce apoptosis in SKOV3 cells. Additionally, A-6 had potent inhibitory activity in a xenograft mouse model. Conclusion: A-6 shows potent efficacy in the treatment of ovarian cancer and may be a potential antitumor agent.
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Katopodi T, Petanidis S, Tsavlis D, Anestakis D, Charalampidis C, Chatziprodromidou I, Eskitzis P, Zarogoulidis P, Kosmidis C, Matthaios D, Porpodis K. Engineered multifunctional nanocarriers for controlled drug delivery in tumor immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1042125. [PMID: 36338748 PMCID: PMC9634039 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1042125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of chemoresistance in cancer is a major issue. The main barriers to conventional tumor chemotherapy are undesirable toxic effects and multidrug resistance. Cancer nanotherapeutics were developed to get around the drawbacks of conventional chemotherapy. Through clinical evaluation of thoughtfully developed nano delivery systems, cancer nanotherapeutics have recently offered unmatched potential to comprehend and combat drug resistance and toxicity. In different design approaches, including passive targeting, active targeting, nanomedicine, and multimodal nanomedicine combination therapy, were successful in treating cancer in this situation. Even though cancer nanotherapy has achieved considerable technological development, tumor biology complexity and heterogeneity and a lack of full knowledge of nano-bio interactions remain important hurdles to future clinical translation and commercialization. The recent developments and advancements in cancer nanotherapeutics utilizing a wide variety of nanomaterial-based platforms to overcome cancer treatment resistance are covered in this article. Additionally, an evaluation of different nanotherapeutics-based approaches to cancer treatment, such as tumor microenvironment targeted techniques, sophisticated delivery methods for the precise targeting of cancer stem cells, as well as an update on clinical studies are discussed. Lastly, the potential for cancer nanotherapeutics to overcome tumor relapse and the therapeutic effects and targeted efficacies of modern nanosystems are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Katopodi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Savvas Petanidis
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- *Correspondence: Savvas Petanidis,
| | - Drosos Tsavlis
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Doxakis Anestakis
- Department of Histology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA“ University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christoforos Kosmidis
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA“ University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Porpodis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Liang Q, Xu Z, Liu Y, Peng B, Cai Y, Liu W, Yan Y. NR2F1 Regulates TGF-β1-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Affecting Platinum Sensitivity and Immune Response in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194639. [PMID: 36230565 PMCID: PMC9563458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying platinum resistance in ovarian cancer (OC) remains unclear. We used bioinformatic analyses to screen differentially expressed genes responsible for platinum resistance and explore NR2F1′s correlation with prognostic implication and OC staging. Moreover, Gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were used for pathway analysis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) properties, invasion, and migration capacities were analyzed by biochemical methods. The association between NR2F1 and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) infiltration and immunotherapeutic responses were also researched. A total of 13 co-upregulated genes and one co-downregulated gene were obtained. Among them, NR2F1 revealed the highest correlation with a poor prognosis and positively correlated with OC staging. GSEA and GO analysis suggested the induction of EMT via TGFβ-1 might be a possible mechanism that NR2F1 participates in resistance. In vitro experiments showed that NR2F1 knockdown did not affect cell proliferation, but suppressed cell invasion and migration with or without cisplatin treatment through the EMT pathway. We also found that NR2F1 could regulate TGF-β1 signaling, and treating with TGF-β1 could reverse these effects. Additionally, NR2F1 was predominantly associated with immunosuppressive CAF infiltration, which might cause a poor response to immune check blockades. In conclusion, NR2F1 regulates TGF-β1-mediated EMT affecting platinum sensitivity and immune response in OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Bi Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence:
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Liu J, Shu G, Wu A, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Alvero AB, Mor G, Yin G. TWIST1 induces proteasomal degradation of β-catenin during the differentiation of ovarian cancer stem-like cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15650. [PMID: 36123378 PMCID: PMC9485151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the leading gynecologic cancers worldwide. Cancer stem-like cells are correlated with relapse and resistance to chemotherapy. Twist1, which is involved in ovarian cancer stem-like cell differentiation, is positively correlated with CTNNB1 in different differentiation stages of ovarian cancer cells: primary epithelial ovarian cancer cells (primary EOC cells), mesenchymal spheroid-forming cells (MSFCs) and secondary epithelial ovarian cancer cells (sEOC cells). However, the expression of β-catenin is inversed compared to CTNNB1 in these 3 cell states. We further demonstrated that β-catenin is regulated by the protein degradation system in MSFCs and secondary EOC but not in primary EOC cells. The differentiation process from primary EOC cells to MSFCs and sEOC cells might be due to the downregulation of β-catenin protein levels. Finally, we found that TWIST1 can enhance β-catenin degradation by upregulating Axin2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Guang Shu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Anqi Wu
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Zhengwei Zhou
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Ayesha B. Alvero
- grid.254444.70000 0001 1456 7807C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Gil Mor
- grid.254444.70000 0001 1456 7807C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Gang Yin
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
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Zhang C, Zhao W. The efficacy and safety of angiogenesis inhibitors for recurrent ovarian cancer: a meta‑analysis. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:99. [PMID: 35996165 PMCID: PMC9396859 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer (OC). METHODS Electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched to find eligible studies until August 10, 2021. The data on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR) were pooled. Furthermore, grade ≥ 3 adverse events (AEs) were investigated. RESULTS A total of 13 studies with 3953 patients were included. Compared with control group, angiogenesis inhibitors resulted in significant improvement in PFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.61, 95%CI, 0.54-0.69), OS (HR = 0.88, 95%CI, 0.81-0.95), and ORR (odds ratio (OR) = 2.15, 95% CI, 1.74-2.65). However, angiogenesis inhibitors were associated with a higher risk of grade ≥ 3 AEs (relative risk (RR), 1.20, 95% CI, 1.04-1.38). CONCLUSION Angiogenesis inhibitors can improve ORR, PFS, and OS in patients with recurrent OC, but they can increase the incidence of AEs ≥ 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Wancheng Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
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Wang K, Mei S, Cai M, Zhai D, Zhang D, Yu J, Ni Z, Yu C. Ferroptosis-Related Long Noncoding RNAs as Prognostic Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:888699. [PMID: 35756659 PMCID: PMC9218568 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.888699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a highly malignant gynecologic tumor with few treatments available and poor prognosis with the currently available diagnostic markers and interventions. More effective methods for diagnosis and treatment are urgently needed. Although the current evidence implicates ferroptosis in the development and therapeutic responses of various types of tumors, it is unclear to what extent ferroptosis affects OC. To explore the potential of ferroptosis-related genes as biomarkers and molecular targets for OC diagnosis and intervention, this study collected several datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas-OC (TCGA-OC), analyzed and identified the coexpression profiles of 60 ferroptosis-related genes and two subtypes of OC with respect to ferroptosis and further examined and analyzed the differentially expressed genes between the two subtypes. The results indicated that the expression levels of ferroptosis genes were significantly correlated with prognosis in patients with OC. Single-factor Cox and LASSO analysis identified eight lncRNAs from the screened ferroptosis-related genes, including lncRNAs RP11-443B7.3, RP5-1028K7.2, TRAM2-AS1, AC073283.4, RP11-486G15.2, RP11-95H3.1, RP11-958F21.1, and AC006129.1. A risk scoring model was constructed from the ferroptosis-related lncRNAs and showed good performance in the evaluation of OC patient prognosis. The high- and low-risk groups based on tumor scores presented obvious differences in clinical characteristics, tumor mutation burden, and tumor immune cell infiltration, indicating that the risk score has a good ability to predict the benefit of immunotherapy and may provide data to support the implementation of precise immunotherapy for OC. Although in vivo tests and research are needed in the future, our bioinformatics analysis powerfully supported the effectiveness of the risk signature of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs for prognosis prediction in OC. The findings suggest that these eight identified lncRNAs have great potential for development as diagnostic markers and intervention targets for OC and that patients with high ferroptosis-related lncRNA expression will receive greater benefits from conventional chemotherapy or treatment with ferroptosis inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Mei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengcheng Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxia Zhai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danying Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhexin Ni
- Department of Traditional Chinese Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqin Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Zhang Q, Ding J, Wang Y, He L, Xue F. Tumor microenvironment manipulates chemoresistance in ovarian cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2022; 47:102. [PMID: 35362546 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of mortality among the various types of gynecological cancer, and >75% of the cases are diagnosed at a late stage. Although platinum‑based chemotherapy is able to help the majority of patients to achieve remission, the disease frequently recurs and acquires chemoresistance, resulting in high mortality rates. The complexity of OC therapy is not solely governed by the intrinsic characteristics of the OC cells (OCCs) themselves, but is also largely dependent on the dynamic communication between OCCs and various components of their surrounding microenvironment. The present review attempts to describe the mutual interplay between OCCs and their surrounding microenvironment. Tumor‑associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer‑associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal cell types in OC. Soluble factors derived from CAFs steadily nourish both the OCCs and TAMs, facilitating their proliferation and immune evasion. ATP binding cassette transporters facilitate the extrusion of cytotoxic molecules, eventually promoting cell survival and multidrug resistance. Extracellular vesicles fulfill their role as genetic exchange vectors, transferring cargo from the donor cells to the recipient cells and propagating oncogenic signaling. A greater understanding of the vital roles of the tumor microenvironment will allow researchers to be open to the prospect of developing therapeutic approaches for combating OC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jiashan Ding
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Linsheng He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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22
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Ritch SJ, Telleria CM. The Transcoelomic Ecosystem and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Dissemination. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886533. [PMID: 35574025 PMCID: PMC9096207 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is considered the deadliest gynecological disease and is normally diagnosed at late stages, at which point metastasis has already occurred. Throughout disease progression, EOC will encounter various ecosystems and the communication between cancer cells and these microenvironments will promote the survival and dissemination of EOC. The primary tumor is thought to develop within the ovaries or the fallopian tubes, both of which provide a microenvironment with high risk of causing DNA damage and enhanced proliferation. EOC disseminates by direct extension from the primary tumors, as single cells or multicellular aggregates. Under the influence of cellular and non-cellular factors, EOC spheroids use the natural flow of peritoneal fluid to reach distant organs within the peritoneal cavity. These cells can then implant and seed distant organs or tissues, which develop rapidly into secondary tumor nodules. The peritoneal tissue and the omentum are two common sites of EOC metastasis, providing a microenvironment that supports EOC invasion and survival. Current treatment for EOC involves debulking surgery followed by platinum-taxane combination chemotherapy; however, most patients will relapse with a chemoresistant disease with tumors developed within the peritoneum. Therefore, understanding the role of the unique microenvironments that promote EOC transcoelomic dissemination is important in improving patient outcomes from this disease. In this review article, we address the process of ovarian cancer cellular fate at the site of its origin in the secretory cells of the fallopian tube or in the ovarian surface epithelial cells, their detachment process, how the cells survive in the peritoneal fluid avoiding cell death triggers, and how cancer- associated cells help them in the process. Finally, we report the mechanisms used by the ovarian cancer cells to adhere and migrate through the mesothelial monolayer lining the peritoneum. We also discuss the involvement of the transcoelomic ecosystem on the development of chemoresistance of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina J. Ritch
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carlos M. Telleria
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Carlos M. Telleria, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-1070-3538
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23
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Wang Y, Huang Z, Li B, Liu L, Huang C. The Emerging Roles and Therapeutic Implications of Epigenetic Modifications in Ovarian Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:863541. [PMID: 35620395 PMCID: PMC9127157 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.863541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies globally. In spite of positive responses to initial therapy, the overall survival rates of OC patients remain poor due to the development of drug resistance and consequent cancer recurrence. Indeed, intensive studies have been conducted to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying OC therapeutic resistance. Besides, emerging evidence suggests a crucial role for epigenetic modifications, namely, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation, in the drug resistance of OC. These epigenetic modifications contribute to chemoresistance through various mechanisms, namely, upregulating the expression of multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs), remodeling of the tumor microenvironment, and deregulated immune response. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the role of epigenetic mechanisms in clinical therapeutic resistance may improve the outcome of OC patients. In this review, we will discuss the epigenetic regulation of OC drug resistance and propose the potential clinical implications of epigenetic therapies to prevent or reverse OC drug resistance, which may inspire novel treatment options by targeting resistance mechanisms for drug-resistant OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Liu, ; Canhua Huang,
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Liu, ; Canhua Huang,
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El Bairi K, Singh S, Le Page C. Revisiting platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: Advances in therapy, molecular biomarkers, and clinical outcomes. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 77:1-2. [PMID: 34492299 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, United States; Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, United States
| | - Cécile Le Page
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montréal, QC, Canada
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