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Upadhyay S, Kumar A, Srivastava M, Srivastava A, Dwivedi A, Singh RK, Srivastava SK. Recent advancements of smartphone-based sensing technology for diagnosis, food safety analysis, and environmental monitoring. Talanta 2024; 275:126080. [PMID: 38615454 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of computationally powerful smartphones, relatively affordable high-resolution camera, drones, and robotic sensors have ushered in a new age of advanced sensible monitoring tools. The present review article investigates the burgeoning smartphone-based sensing paradigms, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, colorimetric biosensors, and other innovations for modern healthcare. Despite the significant advancements, there are still scarcity of commercially available smart biosensors and hence need to accelerate the rates of technology transfer, application, and user acceptability. The application/necessity of smartphone-based biosensors for Point of Care (POC) testing, such as prognosis, self-diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment selection, have brought remarkable innovations which eventually eliminate sample transportation, sample processing time, and result in rapid findings. Additionally, it articulates recent advances in various smartphone-based multiplexed bio sensors as affordable and portable sensing platforms for point-of-care devices, together with statistics for point-of-care health monitoring and their prospective commercial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Upadhyay
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Monika Srivastava
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Amit Srivastava
- Department of Physics TDPG College, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222001, India
| | - Arpita Dwivedi
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- School of Physical and Material Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Kangra, 176215, India
| | - S K Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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2
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Nalepa MA, Panáček D, Dědek I, Jakubec P, Kupka V, Hrubý V, Petr M, Otyepka M. Graphene derivative-based ink advances inkjet printing technology for fabrication of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 256:116277. [PMID: 38613934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The field of biosensing would significantly benefit from a disruptive technology enabling flexible manufacturing of uniform electrodes. Inkjet printing holds promise for this, although realizing full electrode manufacturing with this technology remains challenging. We introduce a nitrogen-doped carboxylated graphene ink (NGA-ink) compatible with commercially available printing technologies. The water-based and additive-free NGA-ink was utilized to produce fully inkjet-printed electrodes (IPEs), which demonstrated successful electrochemical detection of the important neurotransmitter dopamine. The cost-effectiveness of NGA-ink combined with a total cost per electrode of $0.10 renders it a practical solution for customized electrode manufacturing. Furthermore, the high carboxyl group content of NGA-ink (13 wt%) presents opportunities for biomolecule immobilization, paving the way for the development of advanced state-of-the-art biosensors. This study highlights the potential of NGA inkjet-printed electrodes in revolutionizing sensor technology, offering an affordable, scalable alternative to conventional electrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin-Alex Nalepa
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - David Panáček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic; Nanotechnology Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Dědek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jakubec
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Kupka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Hrubý
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Petr
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic; IT4Innovations, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic.
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3
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Zhao B, Xiong CR, Liu Y, Yu QC, Chen X. Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using a magnetic-assisted electrochemical biosensor based on functionalized CoFe 2O 4 magnetic nanomaterials. Talanta 2024; 274:125986. [PMID: 38537348 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in 2019 has garnered widespread attention. The virus exhibits high contagiousness, and in certain cases, it can lead to recurrent infections. Therefore, it is imperative to develop portable, sensitive, and accurate sensors to promptly detect infected individuals, control the virus's transmission, and determine suitable treatment strategies. In this study, we proposed a magnetically-assisted method employing CFO@CS-Au MNP as the substrate material, which was functionalized with human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) for efficient capture of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in solution. Subsequently, the captured protein was sensitively detected through differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) electrical analysis. The linear detection range of the labeled GCE/MNP/GA/ACE2/BSA electrochemical sensor is from 1 pg/mL to 10 μg/mL, with a minimum detection limit of 0.15 pg/mL. Furthermore, the fabricated GCE/MNP/GA/ACE2/BSA sensor achieved satisfactory recoveries of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in saliva and nasal swab samples within 10 min. These results indicate that this magnetically-assisted biosensor has established a solid foundation for the swift on-site detection of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Chan-Ru Xiong
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Yao Liu
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China.
| | - Qing-Cai Yu
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China
| | - Xing Chen
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China.
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4
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Liu X, Sun Y, Song H, Zhang W, Liu T, Chu Z, Gu X, Ma Z, Jin W. Nanomaterials-based electrochemical biosensors for diagnosis of COVID-19. Talanta 2024; 274:125994. [PMID: 38547841 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this pandemic has caused severe death and infection worldwide. Owing to its strong infectivity, long incubation period, and nonspecific symptoms, the early diagnosis is essential to reduce risk of the severe illness. The electrochemical biosensor, as a fast and sensitive technique for quantitative analysis of body fluids, has been widely studied to diagnose different biomarkers caused at different infective stages of COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2). Recently, many reports have proved that nanomaterials with special architectures and size effects can effectively promote the biosensing performance on the COVID-19 diagnosis, there are few comprehensive summary reports yet. Therefore, in this review, we will pay efforts on recent progress of advanced nanomaterials-facilitated electrochemical biosensors for the COVID-19 detections. The process of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans will be briefly described, as well as summarizing the types of sensors that should be designed for different infection processes. Emphasis will be supplied to various functional nanomaterials which dominate the biosensing performance for comparison, expecting to provide a rational guidance on the material selection of biosensor construction for people. Finally, we will conclude the perspective on the design of superior nanomaterials-based biosensors facing the unknown virus in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, NO.30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Yifan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, NO.30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Huaiyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, NO.30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, NO.30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing, 211816, PR China.
| | - Zhenyu Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, NO.30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Wanqin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, NO.30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing, 211816, PR China.
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Cerdeira Ferreira LM, Lima D, Marcolino-Junior LH, Bergamini MF, Kuss S, Campanhã Vicentini F. Cutting-edge biorecognition strategies to boost the detection performance of COVID-19 electrochemical biosensors: A review. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 157:108632. [PMID: 38181592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors are known for their high sensitivity, selectivity, and low cost. Recently, they have gained significant attention and became particularly important as promising tools for the detection of COVID-19 biomarkers, since they offer a rapid and accurate means of diagnosis. Biorecognition strategies are a crucial component of electrochemical biosensors and determine their specificity and sensitivity based on the interaction of biological molecules, such as antibodies, enzymes, and DNA, with target analytes (e.g., viral particles, proteins and genetic material) to create a measurable signal. Different biorecognition strategies have been developed to enhance the performance of electrochemical biosensors, including direct, competitive, and sandwich binding, alongside nucleic acid hybridization mechanisms and gene editing systems. In this review article, we present the different strategies used in electrochemical biosensors to target SARS-CoV-2 and other COVID-19 biomarkers, as well as explore the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy and highlight recent progress in this field. Additionally, we discuss the challenges associated with developing electrochemical biosensors for clinical COVID-19 diagnosis and their widespread commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Marcos Cerdeira Ferreira
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000, Buri, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE) Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Dhésmon Lima
- Laboratory for Bioanalytics and Electrochemical Sensing (LBES), Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Luiz Humberto Marcolino-Junior
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE) Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcio Fernando Bergamini
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE) Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sabine Kuss
- Laboratory for Bioanalytics and Electrochemical Sensing (LBES), Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Fernando Campanhã Vicentini
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000, Buri, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Gunasekaran BM, Srinivasan S, Ezhilan M, Nesakumar N. Nucleic acid-based electrochemical biosensors. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 559:119715. [PMID: 38735514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, breast cancer, oxidative DNA damage, and viral infections are all significant and major health threats to human health, presenting substantial challenges in early diagnosis. In this regard, a wide range of nucleic acid-based electrochemical platforms have been widely employed as point-of-care diagnostics in health care and biosensing technologies. This review focuses on biosensor design strategies, underlying principles involved in the development of advanced electrochemical genosensing devices, approaches for immobilizing DNA on electrode surfaces, as well as their utility in early disease diagnosis, with a particular emphasis on cancer, leukaemia, oxidative DNA damage, and viral pathogen detection. Notably, the role of biorecognition elements and nanointerfaces employed in the design and development of advanced electrochemical genosensors for recognizing biomarkers related to colorectal cancer, breast cancer, leukaemia, oxidative DNA damage, and viral pathogens has been extensively reviewed. Finally, challenges associated with the fabrication of nucleic acid-based biosensors to achieve high sensitivity, selectivity, a wide detection range, and a low detection limit have been addressed. We believe that this review will provide valuable information for scientists and bioengineers interested in gaining a deeper understanding of the fabrication and functionality of nucleic acid-based electrochemical biosensors for biomedical diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu Mahendran Gunasekaran
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CENTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soorya Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Poondi, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 503, India
| | - Madeshwari Ezhilan
- Department of biomedical engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Vel Nagar, Avadi, Chennai 600062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Noel Nesakumar
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CENTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Mohtasham H, Bahari D, Keihan AH, Salimi A, Mehrebani RT, Rahimi-Nasrabadi M. Magnetic N-doped carbon derived from mixed ligands MOF as effective electrochemiluminescence coreactor for performance enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 immunosensor. Talanta 2024; 277:126252. [PMID: 38805948 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 as an infectious disease with rapid transmission speed is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), so, early and accurate diagnostics of COVID-19 is quite challenging. In this work, the selective and sensitive self-enhanced ECL method to detect of SARS-CoV-2 protein was designed with magnetic N-doped carbon derived from dual-ligand metal-organic frameworks (MOF) (CoO@N-C) with the primary and tertiary amino groups as a novel coreactant that covalently combined with Ru(bpy)2(phen-NH2)2+ as electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitter. Mixed-ligand strategy and selected nitrogen-containing ligands, 4,4',4''-((1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl) tris-(azanediyl)) tribenzoic acid (H3TATAB) with 2-aminoterephthalic acid (BDC-NH2) were used for synthesis of the proposed MOF. Also, magnetic CoO@N-C with high synergistically charge transfer kinetics and good stability can be used as an effective platform/coreactor on the ITO electrode which load more Ru-complex as signal producing compound and SARS-CoV-2 N protein antibody to increase the sensitivity of the immunosensor. Furthermore, (CoO@N-C) as coreactor improved the ECL signal of the Ru (II)-complex more than 2.1 folds compared to tripropylamine. In view of these competences, the novel "on-off" ECL biosensor performed with great stability and repeatability for detection of SARS-CoV-2 protein, which exhibited a broad linearity from 8 fg. mL-1 to 4 ng. mL-1 (6 order of magnitude) and an ultra-low limit of detection 1.6 fg. mL-1. Finally, this proposed method was successfully applied to detect of SARS-CoV-2 N protein in serum sample with satisfactory results, indicating the proposed immunosensor has the potential for quick analysis of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mohtasham
- Student Research Committee, Baqiytallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delnia Bahari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amir Homayoun Keihan
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdollah Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran; Research Center for Nanotechnology, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Reza Tarbiat Mehrebani
- Organic and Nano Group (ONG), Department of Chemistry, University of Maragheh, 55181-83111 Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahimi-Nasrabadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hosnedlova B, Werle J, Cepova J, Narayanan VHB, Vyslouzilova L, Fernandez C, Parikesit AA, Kepinska M, Klapkova E, Kotaska K, Stepankova O, Bjorklund G, Prusa R, Kizek R. Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Identification of Viruses: A Critical Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-30. [PMID: 38753964 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2343853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Due to their life cycle, viruses can disrupt the metabolism of their hosts, causing diseases. If we want to disrupt their life cycle, it is necessary to identify their presence. For this purpose, it is possible to use several molecular-biological and bioanalytical methods. The reference selection was performed based on electronic databases (2020-2023). This review focused on electrochemical methods with high sensitivity and selectivity (53% voltammetry/amperometry, 33% impedance, and 12% other methods) which showed their great potential for detecting various viruses. Moreover, the aforementioned electrochemical methods have considerable potential to be applicable for care-point use as they are portable due to their miniaturizability and fast speed analysis (minutes to hours), and are relatively easy to interpret. A total of 2011 articles were found, of which 86 original papers were subsequently evaluated (the majority of which are focused on human pathogens, whereas articles dealing with plant pathogens are in the minority). Thirty-two species of viruses were included in the evaluation. It was found that most of the examined research studies (77%) used nanotechnological modifications. Other ones performed immunological (52%) or genetic analyses (43%) for virus detection. 5% of the reports used peptides to increase the method's sensitivity. When evaluable, 65% of the research studies had LOD values in the order of ng or nM. The vast majority (79%) of the studies represent proof of concept and possibilities with low application potential and a high need of further research experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Hosnedlova
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Werle
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Cepova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vedha Hari B Narayanan
- Pharmaceutical Technology Lab, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Lenka Vyslouzilova
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Assistive Technologies, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Fernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Arli Aditya Parikesit
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Jakarta, Timur, Indonesia
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eva Klapkova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Kotaska
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Stepankova
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Assistive Technologies, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Geir Bjorklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Richard Prusa
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Sadique MA, Yadav S, Khan R, Srivastava AK. Engineered two-dimensional nanomaterials based diagnostics integrated with internet of medical things (IoMT) for COVID-19. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3774-3828. [PMID: 38433614 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00719g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
More than four years have passed since an inimitable coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic hit the globe in 2019 after an uncontrolled transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The occurrence of this highly contagious respiratory infectious disease led to chaos and mortality all over the world. The peak paradigm shift of the researchers was inclined towards the accurate and rapid detection of diseases. Since 2019, there has been a boost in the diagnostics of COVID-19 via numerous conventional diagnostic tools like RT-PCR, ELISA, etc., and advanced biosensing kits like LFIA, etc. For the same reason, the use of nanotechnology and two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs) has aided in the fabrication of efficient diagnostic tools to combat COVID-19. This article discusses the engineering techniques utilized for fabricating chemically active E2DNMs that are exceptionally thin and irregular. The techniques encompass the introduction of heteroatoms, intercalation of ions, and the design of strain and defects. E2DNMs possess unique characteristics, including a substantial surface area and controllable electrical, optical, and bioactive properties. These characteristics enable the development of sophisticated diagnostic platforms for real-time biosensors with exceptional sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2. Integrating the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) with these E2DNMs-based advanced diagnostics has led to the development of portable, real-time, scalable, more accurate, and cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic platforms. These diagnostic platforms have the potential to revolutionize SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis by making it faster, easier, and more accessible to people worldwide, thus making them ideal for resource-limited settings. These advanced IoMT diagnostic platforms may help with combating SARS-CoV-2 as well as tracking and predicting the spread of future pandemics, ultimately saving lives and mitigating their impact on global health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Abubakar Sadique
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shalu Yadav
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Raju Khan
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avanish K Srivastava
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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10
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Diforti JF, Cunningham T, Piccinini E, Marmisollé WA, Piccinini JM, Azzaroni O. Noninvasive and Multiplex Self-Test of Kidney Disease Biomarkers with Graphene-Based Lab-on-a-Chip (G-LOC): Toward Digital Diagnostics in the Hands of Patients. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5832-5842. [PMID: 38573917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is one of the major health issues worldwide. However, diagnosis is now highly centralized in large laboratories, resulting in low access to patient monitoring and poor personalized treatments. This work reports the development of a graphene-based lab-on-a-chip (G-LOC) for the digital testing of renal function biomarkers in serum and saliva samples. G-LOC integrates multiple bioelectronic sensors with a microfluidic system that enables multiplex self-testing of urea, potassium, sodium, and chloride. The linearity, limit of detection (LOD), accuracy, and coefficient of variability (CV) were studied. Accuracy values higher than 95.5% and CV lower than 9% were obtained for all of the biomarkers. The analytical performance was compared against three reference lab benchtop analyzers by measuring healthy- and renal-failure-level samples of serum. From receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots, sensitivities (%) of 99.7, 97.6, 99.1, and 89.0 were obtained for urea, potassium, sodium, and chloride, respectively. Then, the test was evaluated in noninvasive saliva samples and compared against reference methods. Correlation and Bland-Altman plots showed good correlation and agreement of the G-LOC with the reference methods. It is noteworthy that the precision of G-LOC was similar to better than benchtop lab analyzers, with the advantage of being highly portable. Finally, a user testing study was conducted. The analytical performance obtained with untrained volunteers was similar to that obtained with trained chemists. Additionally, based on a user experience survey, G-LOC was found to have very simple usability and would be suitable for at-home diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin F Diforti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)-Departamento de Química-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CONICET. 64 and 113, 1900 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Bioelectronic, GISENS BIOTECH, 2150 Shattuck Ave PH, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
| | - Thomas Cunningham
- Department of Bioelectronic, GISENS BIOTECH, 2150 Shattuck Ave PH, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
| | - Esteban Piccinini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)-Departamento de Química-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CONICET. 64 and 113, 1900 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Waldemar A Marmisollé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)-Departamento de Química-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CONICET. 64 and 113, 1900 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jose M Piccinini
- Department of Bioelectronic, GISENS BIOTECH, 2150 Shattuck Ave PH, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)-Departamento de Química-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CONICET. 64 and 113, 1900 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Pan M, Zhao Y, Qiao J, Meng X. Electrochemical biosensors for pathogenic microorganisms detection based on recognition elements. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:283-304. [PMID: 38367165 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The worldwide spread of pathogenic microorganisms poses a significant risk to human health. Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as dependable analytical tools for the point-of-care detection of pathogens and can effectively compensate for the limitations of conventional techniques. Real-time analysis, high throughput, portability, and rapidity make them pioneering tools for on-site detection of pathogens. Herein, this work comprehensively reviews the recent advances in electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection, focusing on those based on the classification of recognition elements, and summarizes their principles, current challenges, and prospects. This review was conducted by a systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science databases to obtain relevant literature and construct a basic framework. A total of 171 publications were included after online screening and data extraction to obtain information of the research advances in electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection. According to the findings, the research of electrochemical biosensors in pathogen detection has been increasing yearly in the past 3 years, which has a broad development prospect, but most of the biosensors have performance or economic limitations and are still in the primary stage. Therefore, significant research and funding are required to fuel the rapid development of electrochemical biosensors. The overview comprehensively evaluates the recent advances in different types of electrochemical biosensors utilized in pathogen detection, with a view to providing insights into future research directions in biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Pan
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Yurui Zhao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Jinjuan Qiao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangying Meng
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
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12
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Ganesh PS, Elugoke SE, Lee SH, Kim SY, Ebenso EE. Smart and emerging point of care electrochemical sensors based on nanomaterials for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection: Towards designing a future rapid diagnostic tool. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141269. [PMID: 38307334 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In the recent years, researchers from all over the world have become interested in the fabrication of advanced and innovative electrochemical and/or biosensors for respiratory virus detection with the use of nanotechnology. These fabricated sensors demonstrated a number of benefits, including precision, affordability, accessibility, and miniaturization which makes them a promising test method for point-of-care (PoC) screening for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. In order to comprehend the principles of electrochemical sensing and the role of various types of sensing interfaces, we comprehensively explored the underlying principles of electroanalytical methods and terminologies related to it in this review. In addition, it is addressed how to fabricate electrochemical sensing devices incorporating nanomaterials as graphene, metal/metal oxides, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), MXenes, quantum dots, and polymers. We took an effort to carefully compile current developments, advantages, drawbacks, possible solutions in nanomaterials based electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattan Siddappa Ganesh
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Saheed Eluwale Elugoke
- Centre for Material Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Seok-Han Lee
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youn Kim
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eno E Ebenso
- Centre for Material Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa.
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13
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Medrano-Lopez JA, Villalpando I, Salazar MI, Torres-Torres C. Hierarchical Nanobiosensors at the End of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:108. [PMID: 38392027 PMCID: PMC10887370 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanostructures have played a key role in the development of different techniques to attack severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Some applications include masks, vaccines, and biosensors. The latter are of great interest for detecting diseases since some of their features allowed us to find specific markers in secretion samples such as saliva, blood, and even tears. Herein, we highlight how hierarchical nanoparticles integrated into two or more low-dimensional materials present outstanding advantages that are attractive for photonic biosensing using their nanoscale functions. The potential of nanohybrids with their superlative mechanical characteristics together with their optical and optoelectronic properties is discussed. The progress in the scientific research focused on using nanoparticles for biosensing a variety of viruses has become a medical milestone in recent years, and has laid the groundwork for future disease treatments. This perspective analyzes the crucial information about the use of hierarchical nanostructures in biosensing for the prevention, treatment, and mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jael Abigail Medrano-Lopez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Eléctrica, Unidad Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Isaela Villalpando
- Centro de Investigación para los Recursos Naturales, Salaices 33941, Mexico
| | - Ma Isabel Salazar
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Carlos Torres-Torres
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Eléctrica, Unidad Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
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14
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He X, Ji W, Xing S, Feng Z, Li H, Lu S, Du K, Li X. Emerging trends in sensors based on molecular imprinting technology: Harnessing smartphones for portable detection and recognition. Talanta 2024; 268:125283. [PMID: 37857111 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) has become a promising recognition technology in various fields due to its specificity, high efficiency, stability and eco-friendliness in the recognition of target. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), known as 'artificial receptors', are shown similar properties to natural receptors as a biomimetic material. The selectivity of recognition for targets can be greatly improved when MIPs are introduced into sensors, as known that MIPs, are suitable for the pretreatment and analysis of trace substances in complex matrix samples. At present, various sensors has been developed by the combination with MIPs for detecting and identifying trace compounds, biological macromolecules or other substances, such as optical, electrochemical and piezoelectric sensors. Smart phones, with their built-in sensors and powerful digital imaging capabilities, provide a unique platform for the needs of portability and instant detection. MIP sensors based on smart phones are expected to become a new research direction in the future. This review discusses the latest applications of MIP sensors in the field of detection and recognition in recent years, summarizes the frontier progress of MIP sensor research based on smart phones in the past two years, and points out the challenges, limitations and future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xicheng He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Wenliang Ji
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Sijia Xing
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Zhixuan Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Tianjin JOYSTAR Technology Co., Ltd, No.453, Hengshan Road, Modern Industrial Park, Tianjin Economic Technological Development Area, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- BaiyangDian Basin Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Kunze Du
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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15
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Jara-Cornejo E, Peña-Bedón E, Torres Moya M, Espinoza-Torres S, Sotomayor MDPT, Picasso G, Tuesta JC, López R, Khan S. Electrochemical Analysis of Curcumin in Real Samples Using Intelligent Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:366. [PMID: 38337251 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a compound of great importance in the food industry due to its biological and pharmacological properties, which include being an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticarcinogenic. This paper proposes the synthesis of an electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and MWCNT by drop casting deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the selective quantification of curcumin in food samples. The synthesized compounds are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The optimal conditions for further experiments were determined by selecting these parameters. We examined three food products, commercial capsules, turmeric rhizomes, and commercial turmeric powder, employing both electrochemical and HPLC methods for the analysis. The electrochemical method revealed a limit of detection (LOD) value of 0.1365 µmol L-1, compared with the HPLC analysis, which gave a value of 3.55 µmol L-1. Furthermore, the MIP material demonstrated superior selectivity for the analyte compared to potential interferents. The recovery percentage, determined using the HPLC method, fell within the range of 87.5% to 102.6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Jara-Cornejo
- Technology of Materials for Environmental Remediation (TecMARA) Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Lima 150128, Peru
| | - Erick Peña-Bedón
- Technology of Materials for Environmental Remediation (TecMARA) Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Lima 150128, Peru
| | - Mahely Torres Moya
- Technology of Materials for Environmental Remediation (TecMARA) Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Lima 150128, Peru
| | - Sergio Espinoza-Torres
- Technology of Materials for Environmental Remediation (TecMARA) Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Lima 150128, Peru
| | - Maria D P T Sotomayor
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-970, SP, Brazil
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutantans Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Araraquara 14801-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Gino Picasso
- Technology of Materials for Environmental Remediation (TecMARA) Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Lima 150128, Peru
| | - Juan C Tuesta
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Alto Amazonas, Calle Prolongación Libertad 1220, Yurimaguas 16501, Peru
| | - Rosario López
- Technology of Materials for Environmental Remediation (TecMARA) Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Lima 150128, Peru
| | - Sabir Khan
- Technology of Materials for Environmental Remediation (TecMARA) Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Lima 150128, Peru
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mathematics, and Statistics, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoro 59625-900, RN, Brazil
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
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16
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Feng T, Kang Z, Yan S, Huang Y, Liu R. A novel fluorescent aptasensor for the detection of theophylline based on cryonase-driven signal amplification strategy. LUMINESCENCE 2023. [PMID: 38148177 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In the study, we have developed an expedient and efficient method for the detection of theophylline based on the amplification of the signal intensity of fluorescence based on oxidized single-walled carbon nanohorns (oxSWCNHs)/cryonase. When theophylline was not present in the system, oxSWCNHs can adequately adsorb nucleic acid probes labeled by carboxyfluorescein (FAM). In the presence of theophylline, the nucleic acid probe forms the tertiary probe-theophylline complex, which detaches from the surface of the oxSWCNHs. Then, upon reaction with cryonase, the complex can release the FAM and theophylline into the next cycle. The fluorescence signal of the system exhibits a 1:N magnification, enabling quantitative detection of theophylline. The linear range was 30-150 ng/mL, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 6.04 ng/mL. At the same time, it can also be used to detect theophylline in mouse serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Feng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Zhechen Kang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shuzhu Yan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
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17
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Lin TZ, Chen CH, Lei YP, Huang CS. Gradient Guided-Mode Resonance Biosensor with Smartphone Readout. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:1006. [PMID: 38131766 PMCID: PMC10741440 DOI: 10.3390/bios13121006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Integrating biosensors with smartphones is becoming an increasingly popular method for detecting various biomolecules and could replace expensive laboratory-based instruments. In this work, we demonstrate a novel smartphone-based biosensor system with a gradient grating period guided-mode resonance (GGP-GMR) sensor. The sensor comprises numerous gratings which each correspond to and block the light of a specific resonant wavelength. This results in a dark band, which is observed using a CCD underneath the GGP-GMR sensor. By monitoring the shift in the dark band, the concentration of a molecule in a sample can be determined. The sensor is illuminated by a light-emitting diode, and the light transmitted through the GGP-GMR sensor is directly captured by a smartphone, which then displays the results. Experiments were performed to validate the proposed smartphone biosensor and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.50 × 10-3 RIU was achieved for sucrose solutions. Additionally, multiplexed detection was demonstrated for albumin and creatinine solutions at concentrations of 0-500 and 0-1 mg/mL, respectively; the corresponding LODs were 1.18 and 20.56 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cheng-Sheng Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (T.-Z.L.); (C.-H.C.); (Y.-P.L.)
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18
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Robinson C, Juska VB, O'Riordan A. Surface chemistry applications and development of immunosensors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116877. [PMID: 37579966 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Immunosensors are promising alternatives as detection platforms for the current gold standards methods. Electrochemical immunosensors have already proven their capability for the sensitive, selective, detection of target biomarkers specific to COVID-19, varying cancers or Alzheimer's disease, etc. Among the electrochemical techniques, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a highly sensitive technique which examines the impedance of an electrochemical cell over a range of frequencies. There are several important critical requirements for the construction of successful impedimetric immunosensor. The applied surface chemistry and immobilisation protocol have impact on the electroanalytical performance of the developed immunosensors. In this Review, we summarise the building blocks of immunosensors based on EIS, including self-assembly monolayers, nanomaterials, polymers, immobilisation protocols and antibody orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe Robinson
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP, Cork, Ireland
| | - Vuslat B Juska
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Alan O'Riordan
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP, Cork, Ireland.
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19
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Mandal N, Mitra R, Pramanick B. C-MEMS-derived glassy carbon electrochemical biosensors for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:137. [PMID: 37937185 PMCID: PMC10625972 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report, the world has experienced more than 766 million cases of positive SARS-CoV-2 infection and more than 6.9 million deaths due to COVID through May 2023. The WHO declared a pandemic due to the rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, and the fight against this pandemic is not over yet. Important reasons for virus spread include the lack of detection kits, appropriate detection techniques, delay in detection, asymptomatic cases and failure in mass screening. In the last 3 years, several researchers and medical companies have introduced successful test kits to detect the infection of symptomatic patients in real time, which was necessary to monitor the spread. However, it is also important to have information on asymptomatic cases, which can be obtained by antibody testing for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this work, we developed a simple, advantageous immobilization procedure for rapidly detecting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Carbon-MEMS-derived glassy carbon (GC) is used as the sensor electrode, and the detection is based on covalently linking the SARS-CoV-2 antibody to the GC surface. Glutaraldehyde was used as a cross-linker between the antibody and glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The binding was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization and cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was utilized to measure the change in total impedance before and after incubation of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody with various concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The developed sensor can sense 1 fg/ml to 1 µg/ml SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This detection is label-free, and the chances of false positives are minimal. The calculated LOD was ~31 copies of viral RNA/mL. The coefficient of variation (CV) number is calculated from EIS data at 100 Hz, which is found to be 0.398%. The developed sensor may be used for mass screening because it is cost-effective. A schematic representation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein sensing using surface functionalized glassy carbon electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Mandal
- School of Electrical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, 403401 Ponda, Goa India
| | - Raja Mitra
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, 403401 Ponda, Goa India
| | - Bidhan Pramanick
- School of Electrical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, 403401 Ponda, Goa India
- Centre of Excellence in Particulates Colloids and Interfaces, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, 403401 Ponda, Goa India
- School of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, 403401 Ponda, Goa India
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20
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Song X, Fredj Z, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Rong G, Bian S, Sawan M. Biosensors for waterborne virus detection: Challenges and strategies. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1252-1268. [PMID: 38174120 PMCID: PMC10759259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Waterborne viruses that can be harmful to human health pose significant challenges globally, affecting health care systems and the economy. Identifying these waterborne pathogens is essential for preventing diseases and protecting public health. However, handling complex samples such as human and wastewater can be challenging due to their dynamic and complex composition and the ultralow concentration of target analytes. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the latest breakthroughs in waterborne virus biosensors. It begins by highlighting several promising strategies that enhance the sensing performance of optical and electrochemical biosensors in human samples. These strategies include optimizing bioreceptor selection, transduction elements, signal amplification, and integrated sensing systems. Furthermore, the insights gained from biosensing waterborne viruses in human samples are applied to improve biosensing in wastewater, with a particular focus on sampling and sample pretreatment due to the dispersion characteristics of waterborne viruses in wastewater. This review suggests that implementing a comprehensive system that integrates the entire waterborne virus detection process with high-accuracy analysis could enhance virus monitoring. These findings provide valuable insights for improving the effectiveness of waterborne virus detection, which could have significant implications for public health and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Song
- CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Zina Fredj
- CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Yuqiao Zheng
- CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Hongyong Zhang
- CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Guoguang Rong
- CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Sumin Bian
- CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Mohamad Sawan
- CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
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21
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Chen G, Yang N, Xu L, Lu S, Chen Z, Wu F, Chen J, Zhang X. Base-Stacking-Driven Catalytic Hairpin Assembly: A Nucleic Acid Amplification Reaction Using Electrode Interface as a "Booster" for SARS-CoV-2 Point-of-Care Testing. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15595-15605. [PMID: 37820038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical DNA (E-DNA) biosensors based on interface-mediated hybridization reactions are promising for point-of-care testing (POCT). However, the low efficiency of target recycle amplification and the steric hindrance at the electrode interface limit their sensing performance. Herein, we propose a base-stacking-driven catalytic hairpin assembly (BDCHA), a nucleic acid amplification reaction strategy, for POCT. The introduction of the base-stacking effect in this strategy increases the thermodynamic stability of the product, thereby effectively improving the recycling efficiency. Also, it enables the interface-mediated hybridization to maintain stability with even fewer bases in the reaction-binding domain, hence minimizing DNA secondary structure formation or intertwining at the electrode surface and ameliorating the steric hindrance limitation. The introduced base-stacking effect makes the electrode serve as a "booster" by integrating the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, giving BDCHA an increased reaction rate of about 20-fold, compared to the conventional catalytic hairpin assembly. As a proof of concept, our BDCHA was applied in constructing a portable E-DNA biosensor for the detection of a SARS-CoV-2 N gene sequence fragment. A simple 30 min one-pot incubation is required, and the results can be readily read on a smartphone, making it portable and user-friendly for POCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Innovative Drug Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Innovative Drug Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
| | - Lilan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Innovative Drug Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
| | - Shi Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Innovative Drug Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
| | - Zhuhua Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Innovative Drug Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Innovative Drug Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Innovative Drug Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Innovative Drug Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
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22
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Uzunoglu A, Gunes Altuntas E, Huseyin Ipekci H, Ozoglu O. Two-Dimensional (2D) materials in the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Microchem J 2023; 193:108970. [PMID: 37342763 PMCID: PMC10265934 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in a devastating effect on human health in the last three years. While tremendous effort has been devoted to the development of effective treatment and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and controlling the spread of it, collective health challenges have been encountered along with the concurrent serious economic impacts. Since the beginning of the pandemic, various detection methods like PCR-based methods, isothermal nucleic acid amplification-based (INAA) methods, serological methods or antibody tests, and evaluation of X-ray chest results have been exploited to diagnose SARS-CoV-2. PCR-based detection methods in these are considered gold standards in the current stage despite their drawbacks, including being high-cost and time-consuming procedures. Furthermore, the results obtained from the PCR tests are susceptible to sample collection methods and time. When the sample is not collected properly, obtaining a false result may be likely. The use of specialized lab equipment and the need for trained people for the experiments pose additional challenges in PCR-based testing methods. Also, similar problems are observed in other molecular and serological methods. Therefore, biosensor technologies are becoming advantageous with their quick response, high specificity and precision, and low-cost characteristics for SARS-CoV-2 detection. In this paper, we critically review the advances in the development of sensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 using two-dimensional (2D) materials. Since 2D materials including graphene and graphene-related materials, transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides (MXenes), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) play key roles in the development of novel and high-performance electrochemical (bio)sensors, this review pushes the sensor technologies against SARS-CoV-2 detection forward and highlights the current trends. First, the basics of SARS-CoV-2 detection are described. Then the structure and the physicochemical properties of the 2D materials are explained, which is followed by the development of SARS-CoV-2 sensors by exploiting the exceptional properties of the 2D materials. This critical review covers most of the published papers in detail from the beginning of the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aytekin Uzunoglu
- Faculty of Engineering, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Turkey
| | - Evrim Gunes Altuntas
- Ankara University, Biotechnology Institute, Gumusdere Campus, 06135, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Huseyin Ipekci
- Faculty of Engineering, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Turkey
| | - Ozum Ozoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
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23
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Kumar N, Towers D, Myers S, Galvin C, Kireev D, Ellington AD, Akinwande D. Graphene Field Effect Biosensor for Concurrent and Specific Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18629-18640. [PMID: 37703454 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the need for devices capable of carrying out rapid differential detection of viruses that may manifest similar physiological symptoms yet demand tailored treatment plans. Seasonal influenza may be exacerbated by COVID-19 infections, increasing the burden on healthcare systems. In this work, we demonstrate a technology based on liquid-gated graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs), for rapid and ultraprecise sensing and differentiation of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 surface protein. Most distinctively, the device consists of 4 onboard GFETs arranged in a quadruple architecture, where each quarter is functionalized individually (with either antibodies or chemically passivated control) but measured jointly. The sensor platform was tested against a range of concentrations of viral surface proteins from both viruses with the lowest tested and detected concentration at ∼50 ag/mL, or 88 zM for COVID-19 and 227 zM for Flu, which is 5-fold lower than the values reported previously on a similar platform. Unlike the classic real-time polymerase chain reaction test, which has a turnaround time of a few hours, the graphene technology presents an ultrafast response time of ∼10 s even in complex and clinically relevant media such as saliva. Thus, we have developed a multianalyte, highly sensitive, and fault-tolerant technology for rapid diagnostic of contemporary, emerging, and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelotpala Kumar
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Dalton Towers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Samantha Myers
- College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Cooper Galvin
- College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Dmitry Kireev
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Andrew D Ellington
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Deji Akinwande
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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24
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Yadav SK, Verma D, Yadav U, Kalkal A, Priyadarshini N, Kumar A, Mahato K. Point-of-Care Devices for Viral Detection: COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1744. [PMID: 37763907 PMCID: PMC10535693 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 and its widespread transmission have made us realize the importance of early, quick diagnostic tests for facilitating effective cure and management. The primary obstacles encountered were accurately distinguishing COVID-19 from other illnesses including the flu, common cold, etc. While the polymerase chain reaction technique is a robust technique for the determination of SARS-CoV-2 in patients of COVID-19, there arises a high demand for affordable, quick, user-friendly, and precise point-of-care (POC) diagnostic in therapeutic settings. The necessity for available tests with rapid outcomes spurred the advancement of POC tests that are characterized by speed, automation, and high precision and accuracy. Paper-based POC devices have gained increasing interest in recent years because of rapid, low-cost detection without requiring external instruments. At present, microfluidic paper-based analysis devices have garnered public attention and accelerated the development of such POCT for efficient multistep assays. In the current review, our focus will be on the fabrication of detection modules for SARS-CoV-2. Here, we have included a discussion on various strategies for the detection of viral moieties. The compilation of these strategies would offer comprehensive insight into the detection of the causative agent preparedness for future pandemics. We also provide a descriptive outline for paper-based diagnostic platforms, involving the determination mechanisms, as well as a commercial kit for COVID-19 as well as their outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K. Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh 825301, Jharkhand, India
| | - Damini Verma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ujala Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ashish Kalkal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nivedita Priyadarshini
- Department of Zoology, DAV PG College Siwan, Jai Prakash University, Chhapra 841226, Bihar, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46637, USA
| | - Kuldeep Mahato
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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25
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Zayed BA, Ali AN, Elgebaly AA, Talaia NM, Hamed M, Mansour FR. Smartphone-based point-of-care testing of the SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2023; 21:e01757. [PMID: 37351482 PMCID: PMC10256629 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus's worldwide pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for reliable, quick, and affordable diagnostic tests for comprehending and controlling the epidemic by tracking the world population. Given how crucial it is to monitor and manage the pandemic, researchers have recently concentrated on creating quick detection techniques. Although PCR is still the preferred clinical diagnostic test, there is a pressing need for substitutes that are sufficiently rapid and cost-effective to provide a diagnosis at the time of use. The creation of a quick and simple POC equipment is necessary for home testing. Our review's goal is to provide an overview of the many methods utilized to identify SARS-CoV 2 in various samples utilizing portable devices, as well as any potential applications for smartphones in epidemiological research and detection. The point of care (POC) employs a range of microfluidic biosensors based on smartphones, including molecular sensors, immunological biosensors, hybrid biosensors, and imaging biosensors. For example, a number of tools have been created for the diagnosis of COVID-19, based on various theories. Integrated portable devices can be created using loop-mediated isothermal amplification, which combines isothermal amplification methods with colorimetric detection. Electrochemical approaches have been regarded as a potential substitute for optical sensing techniques that utilize fluorescence for detection and as being more beneficial to the Minimizing and simplicity of the tools used for detection, together with techniques that can amplify DNA or RNA under constant temperature conditions, without the need for repeated heating and cooling cycles. Many research have used smartphones for virus detection and data visualization, making these techniques more user-friendly and broadly distributed throughout nations. Overall, our research provides a review of different novel, non-invasive, affordable, and efficient methods for identifying COVID-19 contagious infected people and halting the disease's transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlanty A Zayed
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N Ali
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Alaa A Elgebaly
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Talaia
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, The Medical Campus of Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, The Medical Campus of Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
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26
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Naorungroj S, Srisomwat C, Khamcharoen W, Jampasa S, Pasomsub E, Shin K, Vilaivan T, Chailapakul O. Sequential Flow Controllable Microfluidic Device for G-Quadruplex DNAzyme-Based Electrochemical Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using a Pyrrolidinyl Peptide Nucleic Acid. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12794-12801. [PMID: 37590190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a significant health issue globally. Point-of-care (POC) testing that can offer a rapid and accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 at the early stage of infection is highly desirable to constrain this outbreak, especially in resource-limited settings. Herein, we present a G-quadruplex DNAzyme-based electrochemical assay that is integrated with a sequential flow controllable microfluidic device for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 cDNA. According to the detection principle, a pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid probe is immobilized on a screen-printed graphene electrode for capturing SARS-CoV-2 DNA. The captured DNA subsequently hybridizes with another DNA probe that carries a G-quadruplex DNAzyme as the signaling unit. The G-quadruplex DNAzyme catalyzes the H2O2-mediated oxidation of hydroquinone to benzoquinone that can be detected using square-wave voltammetry to give a signal that corresponds to the target DNA concentration. The assay exhibited high selectivity for SARS-CoV-2 DNA and showed a good experimental detection limit at 30 pM. To enable automation, the DNAzyme-based assay was combined with a capillary-driven microfluidic device featuring a burst valve technology to allow sequential sample and reagent delivery as well as the DNA target hybridization and enzymatic reaction to be operated in a precisely controlled fashion. The developed microfluidic device was successfully applied for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal swab samples. The results were in good agreement with the standard RT-PCR method and could be performed within 20 min. Thus, this platform offers desirable characteristics that make it an alternative POC tool for COVID-19 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarida Naorungroj
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chawin Srisomwat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Wisarut Khamcharoen
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sakda Jampasa
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ekawat Pasomsub
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kwanwoo Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Tirayut Vilaivan
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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27
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Ghumra D, Shetty N, McBrearty KR, Puthussery JV, Sumlin BJ, Gardiner WD, Doherty BM, Magrecki JP, Brody DL, Esparza TJ, O’Halloran JA, Presti RM, Bricker TL, Boon ACM, Yuede CM, Cirrito JR, Chakrabarty RK. Rapid Direct Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Aerosols in Exhaled Breath at the Point of Care. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3023-3031. [PMID: 37498298 PMCID: PMC10463275 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Airborne transmission via virus-laden aerosols is a dominant route for the transmission of respiratory diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Direct, non-invasive screening of respiratory virus aerosols in patients has been a long-standing technical challenge. Here, we introduce a point-of-care testing platform that directly detects SARS-CoV-2 aerosols in as little as two exhaled breaths of patients and provides results in under 60 s. It integrates a hand-held breath aerosol collector and a llama-derived, SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein specific nanobody bound to an ultrasensitive micro-immunoelectrode biosensor, which detects the oxidation of tyrosine amino acids present in SARS-CoV-2 viral particles. Laboratory and clinical trial results were within 20% of those obtained using standard testing methods. Importantly, the electrochemical biosensor directly detects the virus itself, as opposed to a surrogate or signature of the virus, and is sensitive to as little as 10 viral particles in a sample. Our platform holds the potential to be adapted for multiplexed detection of different respiratory viruses. It provides a rapid and non-invasive alternative to conventional viral diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishit
P. Ghumra
- Center
for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental
and Chemical Engineering, Washington University
in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Nishit Shetty
- Center
for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental
and Chemical Engineering, Washington University
in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Kevin R. McBrearty
- Department
of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disease, Knight Alzheimer’s
Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Joseph V. Puthussery
- Center
for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental
and Chemical Engineering, Washington University
in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Sumlin
- Center
for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental
and Chemical Engineering, Washington University
in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Woodrow D. Gardiner
- Department
of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disease, Knight Alzheimer’s
Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Brookelyn M. Doherty
- Department
of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disease, Knight Alzheimer’s
Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jordan P. Magrecki
- Department
of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disease, Knight Alzheimer’s
Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - David L. Brody
- National
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Department
of Neurology, Uniformed Services University
of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Thomas J. Esparza
- National
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jane A. O’Halloran
- Department
of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Rachel M. Presti
- Department
of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Traci L. Bricker
- Department
of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Departments
Molecular Microbiology, and Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Adrianus C. M. Boon
- Department
of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Departments
Molecular Microbiology, and Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Carla M. Yuede
- Department
of Psychiatry, Washington University School
of Medicine, Campus Box
8134, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - John R. Cirrito
- Department
of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disease, Knight Alzheimer’s
Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Rajan K. Chakrabarty
- Center
for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental
and Chemical Engineering, Washington University
in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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28
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Shi SS, Jia LP, Zhang W, Ma RN, Shang L, Li XJ, Zhao HQ, Wang HS. A label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on Bi-Sb alloy materials for potential POCT of HER-2. Analyst 2023; 148:4037-4043. [PMID: 37522239 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00606a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
As a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) is of crucial diagnostic value. Here, a label-free electrochemical aptasensor was established for the ultrasensitive detection of HER-2 using a modified electrode of Bi-Sb alloy materials (Bi-Sb AMs). The performance of the aptasensor was enhanced greatly due to the introduction of Bi-Sb alloy materials (Bi-Sb AMs) with high conductivity. Furthermore, by integrating the aptasensor with the Sensit Smart U-disk electrochemical analyzer, the point-of-care testing (POCT) for HER-2 was realized. Under the optimal experimental parameters, the POCT analyzer showed a wide linear response from 0.01 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1, with a low detection limit (LOD) of 5.96 fg mL-1 for the detection of HER-2. The presented POCT analyzer exhibited good specificity, stability, and reproducibility. Benefiting from the simple operation and rapid testing, the developed analyzer will have potential application in the prognostic diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China.
| | - Li-Ping Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China.
| | - Rong-Na Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China.
| | - Lei Shang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Jian Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China.
| | - Huai-Qing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
| | - Huai-Sheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China.
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29
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Mishra S, Aamna B, Parida S, Dan AK. Carbon-based biosensors: Next-generation diagnostic tool for target-specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). TALANTA OPEN 2023; 7:100218. [PMID: 37131405 PMCID: PMC10125215 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a global pandemic in 2020. Having rapidly spread around the globe, with the emergence of new variants, there is a crucial need to develop diagnostic kits for its rapid detection. Since it validated accuracy and reliability, the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test has been declared the gold standard for disease detection. However, despite its reliability, the requirement of specialized facilities, reagents, and duration of a PCR run limits its usage for rapid detection. There is thus a continuous increase in the design and development of rapid, point-of-care (PoC), and cost-effective diagnostic kits. In this review, we discuss the potential of carbon-based biosensors for target-specific detection of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and present an overview of investigation within the timeframe of the last four years (2019-2022), which have developed novel platforms using carbon nanomaterial-based approaches for viral detection. The approaches discussed offer rapid, accurate, and cost-effective strategies for COVID-19 detection for healthcare personnel and research workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Bari Aamna
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Sagarika Parida
- Department of Botany, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Aritra Kumar Dan
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
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Ferreira LMC, Reis IF, Martins PR, Marcolino-Junior LH, Bergamini MF, Camargo JR, Janegitz BC, Vicentini FC. Using low-cost disposable immunosensor based on flexible PET screen-printed electrode modified with carbon black and gold nanoparticles for sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2. TALANTA OPEN 2023; 7:100201. [PMID: 36959870 PMCID: PMC9998283 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To help meet the global demand for reliable and inexpensive COVID-19 testing and environmental analysis of SARS-CoV-2, the present work reports the development and application of a highly efficient disposable electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical and environmental matrices. The sensor developed is composed of a screen-printed electrode (SPE) array which was constructed using conductive carbon ink printed on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate made from disposable soft drink bottles. The recognition site (Spike S1 Antibody (anti-SP Ab)) was covalently immobilized on the working electrode surface, which was effectively modified with carbon black (CB) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The immunosensing material was subjected to a multi-technique characterization analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with elemental analysis via energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The electrochemical characterization of the electrode surface and analytical measurements were performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave voltammetry (SWV). The immunosensor was easily applied for the conduct of rapid diagnoses or accurate quantitative environmental analyses by setting the incubation period to 10 min or 120 min. Under optimized conditions, the biosensor presented limits of detection (LODs) of 101 fg mL-1 and 46.2 fg mL-1 for 10 min and 120 min incubation periods, respectively; in addition, the sensor was successfully applied for SARS-CoV-2 detection and quantification in clinical and environmental samples. Considering the costs of all the raw materials required for manufacturing 200 units of the AuNP-CB/PET-SPE immunosensor, the production cost per unit is 0.29 USD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M C Ferreira
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000, Buri, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela F Reis
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000, Buri, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Martins
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Av. Esperança, Goiania, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz H Marcolino-Junior
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE) - Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcio F Bergamini
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE) - Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jessica R Camargo
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, 13600-970, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Janegitz
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, 13600-970, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Vicentini
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000, Buri, SP, Brazil
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Zhuo C, Song Z, Cui J, Gong Y, Tang Q, Zhang K, Song X, Liao X. Electrochemical biosensor strategy combining DNA entropy-driven technology to activate CRISPR-Cas13a activity and triple-stranded nucleic acids to detect SARS-CoV-2 RdRp gene. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:272. [PMID: 37351704 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
By merging DNA entropy-driven technology with triple-stranded nucleic acids in an electrochemical biosensor to detect the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp gene, we tackled the challenges of false negatives and the high cost of SARS-CoV-2 detection. The approach generates a CRISPR-Cas 13a-activated RNA activator, which then stimulates CRISPR-Cas 13a activity using an entropy-driven mechanism. The activated CRISPR-Cas 13a can cleave Hoogsteen DNA due to the insertion of two uracil (-U-U-) in Hoogsteen DNA. The DNA tetrahedra changed on the electrode surface and can therefore not construct a three-stranded structure after cleaving Hoogsteen DNA. Significantly, this DNA tetrahedron/Hoogsteen DNA-based biosensor can regenerate at pH = 10.0, which keeps Hoogsteen DNA away from the electrode surface, allowing the biosensor to function at pH = 7.0. We could use this technique to detect the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp gene with a detection limit of 89.86 aM. Furthermore, the detection method is very stable and repeatable. This technique offers the prospect of detecting SARS-CoV-2 at a reasonable cost. This work has potential applications in the dynamic assessment of the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 infection and in the screening of environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Zhuo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Zichun Song
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-Incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Jiuying Cui
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-Incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Yuanxun Gong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Qianli Tang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 210044, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China.
| | - Xinlei Song
- Maternity & Child Care Center of Dezhou, Dezhou, 25300, China
| | - Xianjiu Liao
- West Guangxi Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of High-Incidence Diseases, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, Baise, 533000, China.
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Liu Y, Qin Z, Zhou J, Jia X, Li H, Wang X, Chen Y, Sun Z, He X, Li H, Wang G, Chang H. Nano-biosensor for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 detection: methods, mechanism and interface design. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17883-17906. [PMID: 37323463 PMCID: PMC10262965 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02560h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was a huge disaster to human society. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which led to COVID-19, has resulted in a large number of deaths. Even though the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most efficient method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, the disadvantages (such as long detection time, professional operators, expensive instruments, and laboratory equipment) limit its application. In this review, the different kinds of nano-biosensors based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), field-effect transistor (FET), fluorescence methods, and electrochemical methods are summarized, starting with a concise description of their sensing mechanism. The different bioprobes (such as ACE2, S protein-antibody, IgG antibody, IgM antibody, and SARS-CoV-2 DNA probes) with different bio-principles are introduced. The key structural components of the biosensors are briefly introduced to give readers an understanding of the principles behind the testing methods. In particular, SARS-CoV-2-related RNA mutation detection and its challenges are also briefly described. We hope that this review will encourage readers with different research backgrounds to design SARS-CoV-2 nano-biosensors with high selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Liu
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
- Quantum-Nano Matter and Device Lab, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Zhenle Qin
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Xiaobo Jia
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Hongli Li
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Yating Chen
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Zijun Sun
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Xiong He
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Hongda Li
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
- Quantum-Nano Matter and Device Lab, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Guofu Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Haixin Chang
- Quantum-Nano Matter and Device Lab, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
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Malla P, Liu CH, Wu WC, Kabinsing P, Sreearunothai P. Synthesis and characterization of Au-decorated graphene oxide nanocomposite for magneto-electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid gene. Talanta 2023; 262:124701. [PMID: 37235956 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fast and effective diagnosis is the first step in monitoring the current coronavirus 2 (CoV-2) pandemic. Herein, we establish a simple and sensitive electrochemical assay using magnetic nanocomposite and DNA sandwich probes to rapidly quantify the CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) gene down to the 0.37 fM level. This assay uses a pair of specific DNA probes. The capture probe is covalently conjugated to Au-decorated magnetic reduced graphene oxide (AMrGO) nanocomposite for efficiently capturing target RNA. In contrast, the detection probe is linked to peroxidase for signal amplification. The probes target the COV-2 gene, allowing for specific magnetic separation, enzymatic signal amplification, and subsequent generation of voltammetric current with a total assay time of 45 min. The developed biosensor has high selectivity and can discriminate non-specific gene sequences. Synthetic COV-2 N-gene can be detected efficiently in serum and saliva, while 1-bp mismatch gene yielded a low response. The performance of the genosensor was good in an extensive linear range of 5 aM-50 pM. For synthetic N-gene, we achieved the detection limit of 0.37, 0.33, and 0.19 fM in human saliva, urine, and serum. This simple, selective, and sensitive genosensor could have various genetics-based biosensing and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravanjan Malla
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259, Wen-Hwa First Road, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259, Wen-Hwa First Road, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, 261, Wen-Hwa First Road, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 5, Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 5, Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259, Wen-Hwa First Road, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pinpinut Kabinsing
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259, Wen-Hwa First Road, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Paiboon Sreearunothai
- Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
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Samman N, El-Boubbou K, Al-Muhalhil K, Ali R, Alaskar A, Alharbi NK, Nehdi A. MICaFVi: A Novel Magnetic Immuno-Capture Flow Virometry Nano-Based Diagnostic Tool for Detection of Coronaviruses. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050553. [PMID: 37232914 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has resulted in a pandemic that aggravated the world's healthcare systems, economies, and education, and caused millions of global deaths. Until now, there has been no specific, reliable, and effective treatment to combat the virus and its variants. The current standard tedious PCR-based tests have limitations in terms of sensitivity, specificity, turnaround time, and false negative results. Thus, an alternative, rapid, accurate, and sensitive diagnostic tool that can detect viral particles, without the need for amplification or viral replication, is central to infectious disease surveillance. Here, we report MICaFVi (Magnetic Immuno-Capture Flow Virometry), a novel precise nano-biosensor diagnostic assay for coronavirus detection which combines the MNP-based immuno-capture of viruses for enrichment followed by flow-virometry analysis, enabling the sensitive detection of viral particles and pseudoviruses. As proof of concept, virus-mimicking spike-protein-coated silica particles (VM-SPs) were captured using anti-spike-antibody-conjugated MNPs (AS-MNPs) followed by detection using flow cytometry. Our results showed that MICaFVi can successfully detect viral MERS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2-mimicking particles as well as MERS-CoV pseudoviral particles (MERSpp) with high specificity and sensitivity, where a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.9 µg/mL (20 pmol/mL) was achieved. The proposed method has great potential for designing practical, specific, and point-of-care testing for rapid and sensitive diagnoses of coronavirus and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosaibah Samman
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms (MRCFP), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC) & King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kheireddine El-Boubbou
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC) & King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (nanoBIG), Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain
| | - Khawlah Al-Muhalhil
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms (MRCFP), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC) & King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ali
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms (MRCFP), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC) & King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alaskar
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms (MRCFP), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC) & King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oncology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Khalaf Alharbi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC) & King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atef Nehdi
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms (MRCFP), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC) & King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6029, Tunisia
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Cheng L, Lan L, Ramalingam M, He J, Yang Y, Gao M, Shi Z. A review of current effective COVID-19 testing methods and quality control. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:239. [PMID: 37195393 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which primarily affects the respiratory system and can lead to severe illness. The virus is extremely contagious, early and accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to contain its spread, to provide prompt treatment, and to prevent complications. Currently, the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered to be the gold standard for detecting COVID-19 in its early stages. In addition, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LMAP), clustering rule interval short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA), computed tomography (CT), and electrochemical sensors are also common tests. However, these different methods vary greatly in terms of their detection efficiency, specificity, accuracy, sensitivity, cost, and throughput. Besides, most of the current detection methods are conducted in central hospitals and laboratories, which is a great challenge for remote and underdeveloped areas. Therefore, it is essential to review the advantages and disadvantages of different COVID-19 detection methods, as well as the technology that can enhance detection efficiency and improve detection quality in greater details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Cheng
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Liang Lan
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jianrong He
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yimin Yang
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Min Gao
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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Yin ZZ, Liu Z, Zhou M, Yang X, Zheng G, Zhang H, Kong Y. A surface molecularly imprinted electrochemical biosensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by using Cu 7S 4-Au as built-in probe. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 152:108462. [PMID: 37182264 PMCID: PMC10170874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (S protein) is of significant clinical importance in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pandemic. In this work, a surface molecularly imprinted (SMI) electrochemical biosensor is fabricated for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 S protein. Cu7S4-Au is used as the built-in probe and modified on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). 4-Mercaptophenylboric acid (4-MPBA) is anchored to the surface of the Cu7S4-Au through Au-SH bonds, which can be used for the immobilization of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein template through boronate ester bonds. After that, 3-aminophenylboronic acid (3-APBA) is electropolymerized on the electrode surface and used as the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The SMI electrochemical biosensor is obtained after the elution of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein template with an acidic solution by the dissociation of the boronate ester bonds, which can be utilized for sensitive detection of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. The developed SMI electrochemical biosensor displays high specificity, reproducibility and stability, which might be a potential and promising candidate for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhi Yin
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Zixuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou No.3 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Guojun Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou No.3 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou No.3 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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Ji D, Zhao J, Liu Y, Wei D. Electrical Nanobiosensors for Nucleic Acid Based Diagnostics. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4084-4095. [PMID: 37125726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnologies have promoted the iterative updating of nucleic acid sensors. Among various sensing technologies, the electrical nanobiosensor is regarded as one of the most promising prospects to achieve rapid, precise, and point-of-care nucleic acid based diagnostics. In this Perspective, we introduce recent progresses in electrical nanobiosensors for nucleic acid detection. First, the strategies for improving detection performance are summarized, including chemical amplification and electrical amplification. Then, the detection mechanism of electrical nanobiosensors, such as electrochemical biosensors, field-effect transistors, and photoelectric enhanced biosensors, is illustrated. At the same time, their applications in cancer screening, pathogen detection, gene sequencing, and genetic disease diagnosis are introduced. Finally, challenges and future prospects in clinical application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daizong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Karuppaiah G, Vashist A, Nair M, Veerapandian M, Manickam P. Emerging trends in point-of-care biosensing strategies for molecular architectures and antibodies of SARS-CoV-2. BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS: X 2023; 13:100324. [PMID: 36844889 PMCID: PMC9941073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, a highly contagious viral infection caused by the occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has turned out to be a viral pandemic then ravaged many countries worldwide. In the recent years, point-of-care (POC) biosensors combined with state-of-the-art bioreceptors, and transducing systems enabled the development of novel diagnostic tools for rapid and reliable detection of biomarkers associated with SARS-CoV-2. The present review thoroughly summarises and discusses various biosensing strategies developed for probing SARS-CoV-2 molecular architectures (viral genome, S Protein, M protein, E protein, N protein and non-structural proteins) and antibodies as a potential diagnostic tool for COVID-19. This review discusses the various structural components of SARS-CoV-2, their binding regions and the bioreceptors used for recognizing the structural components. The various types of clinical specimens investigated for rapid and POC detection of SARS-CoV-2 is also highlighted. The importance of nanotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in improving the biosensor performance for real-time and reagent-free monitoring the biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 is also summarized. This review also encompasses existing practical challenges and prospects for developing new POC biosensors for clinical monitoring of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Karuppaiah
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arti Vashist
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Murugan Veerapandian
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pandiaraj Manickam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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39
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Zhong Y, Hu XG, Liu AL, Lei Y. Ultrasensitive amperometric determination of hand, foot and mouth disease based on gold nanoflower modified microelectrode. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1252:341034. [PMID: 36935134 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the widespread use of point-of-care testing for diagnosis of disease, micro-scale electrochemical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biosensors have become a promising area of research owing to its fast mass transfer, high current density and rapid response. In this study, a gold nanoparticles modified gold microelectrode (AuNPs/Au-Me) was constructed to determine the hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)-related gene. The noble metal nanoparticles modification yielded ca. 7.4-fold increase in electroactive surface area of microelectrode, and the signal for HFMD-related gene was largely magnified. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor exhibited salient selectivity and sensitivity with a low detection limit of 0.3 fM (S/N = 3), which is sufficient for clinical diagnosis of HFMD. Additionally, the developed AuNPs/Au-Me was successfully applied to determining the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified products of target gene. Thus, the electrochemical DNA biosensor possesses great potential in early-stage diagnosis and long-term monitoring of various disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xiang-Guang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Ai-Lin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Yun Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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40
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Sen P, Zhang Z, Li P, Adhikari BR, Guo T, Gu J, MacIntosh AR, van der Kuur C, Li Y, Soleymani L. Integrating Water Purification with Electrochemical Aptamer Sensing for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1558-1567. [PMID: 36926840 PMCID: PMC10042147 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater analysis of pathogens, particularly SARS-CoV-2, is instrumental in tracking and monitoring infectious diseases in a population. This method can be used to generate early warnings regarding the onset of an infectious disease and predict the associated infection trends. Currently, wastewater analysis of SARS-CoV-2 is almost exclusively performed using polymerase chain reaction for the amplification-based detection of viral RNA at centralized laboratories. Despite the development of several biosensing technologies offering point-of-care solutions for analyzing SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples, these remain elusive for wastewater analysis due to the low levels of the virus and the interference caused by the wastewater matrix. Herein, we integrate an aptamer-based electrochemical chip with a filtration, purification, and extraction (FPE) system for developing an alternate in-field solution for wastewater analysis. The sensing chip employs a dimeric aptamer, which is universally applicable to the wild-type, alpha, delta, and omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate that the aptamer is stable in the wastewater matrix (diluted to 50%) and its binding affinity is not significantly impacted. The sensing chip demonstrates a limit of detection of 1000 copies/L (1 copy/mL), enabled by the amplification provided by the FPE system. This allows the integrated system to detect trace amounts of the virus in native wastewater and categorize the amount of contamination into trace (<10 copies/mL), medium (10-1000 copies/mL), or high (>1000 copies/mL) levels, providing a viable wastewater analysis solution for in-field use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Sen
- Department of Engineering Physics,
McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1,
Canada
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,
McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1,
Canada
| | - Phoebe Li
- Department of Physics, McMaster
University, Hamilton L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Bal Ram Adhikari
- Department of Engineering Physics,
McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1,
Canada
| | - Tianyi Guo
- Forsee Instruments, Ltd.,
Hamilton L8P0A1, Canada
| | - Jimmy Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,
McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1,
Canada
| | | | | | - Yingfu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,
McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1,
Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster
University, Hamilton L8S 4K1, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease
Research, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1,
Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- Department of Engineering Physics,
McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1,
Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster
University, Hamilton L8S 4K1, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease
Research, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1,
Canada
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41
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Curulli A. Functional Nanomaterials Enhancing Electrochemical Biosensors as Smart Tools for Detecting Infectious Viral Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093777. [PMID: 37175186 PMCID: PMC10180161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors are known as analytical tools, guaranteeing rapid and on-site results in medical diagnostics, food safety, environmental protection, and life sciences research. Current research focuses on developing sensors for specific targets and addresses challenges to be solved before their commercialization. These challenges typically include the lowering of the limit of detection, the widening of the linear concentration range, the analysis of real samples in a real environment and the comparison with a standard validation method. Nowadays, functional nanomaterials are designed and applied in electrochemical biosensing to support all these challenges. This review will address the integration of functional nanomaterials in the development of electrochemical biosensors for the rapid diagnosis of viral infections, such as COVID-19, middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS), influenza, hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and dengue, among others. The role and relevance of the nanomaterial, the type of biosensor, and the electrochemical technique adopted will be discussed. Finally, the critical issues in applying laboratory research to the analysis of real samples, future perspectives, and commercialization aspects of electrochemical biosensors for virus detection will be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Curulli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), 00161 Rome, Italy
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42
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Tieu MV, Le HTN, Cho S. Using Nanomaterials for SARS-CoV-2 Sensing via Electrochemical Techniques. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14050933. [PMID: 37241556 DOI: 10.3390/mi14050933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Advancing low-cost and user-friendly innovations to benefit public health is an important task of scientific and engineering research. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), electrochemical sensors are being developed for low-cost SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, particularly in resource-limited settings. Nanostructures with sizes ranging from 10 nm to a few micrometers could deliver optimum electrochemical behavior (e.g., quick response, compact size, sensitivity and selectivity, and portability), providing an excellent alternative to the existing techniques. Therefore, nanostructures, such as metal, 1D, and 2D materials, have been successfully applied in in vitro and in vivo detection of a wide range of infectious diseases, particularly SARS-CoV-2. Electrochemical detection methods reduce the cost of electrodes, provide analytical ability to detect targets with a wide variety of nanomaterials, and are an essential strategy in biomarker sensing as they can rapidly, sensitively, and selectively detect SARS-CoV-2. The current studies in this area provide fundamental knowledge of electrochemical techniques for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- My-Van Tieu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hien T Ngoc Le
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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43
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Ramalingam M, Jaisankar A, Cheng L, Krishnan S, Lan L, Hassan A, Sasmazel HT, Kaji H, Deigner HP, Pedraz JL, Kim HW, Shi Z, Marrazza G. Impact of nanotechnology on conventional and artificial intelligence-based biosensing strategies for the detection of viruses. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:58. [PMID: 37032711 PMCID: PMC10066940 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several viruses and other pathogens. Some of these infectious diseases have spread globally, resulting in pandemics. Although biosensors of various types have been utilized for virus detection, their limited sensitivity remains an issue. Therefore, the development of better diagnostic tools that facilitate the more efficient detection of viruses and other pathogens has become important. Nanotechnology has been recognized as a powerful tool for the detection of viruses, and it is expected to change the landscape of virus detection and analysis. Recently, nanomaterials have gained enormous attention for their value in improving biosensor performance owing to their high surface-to-volume ratio and quantum size effects. This article reviews the impact of nanotechnology on the design, development, and performance of sensors for the detection of viruses. Special attention has been paid to nanoscale materials, various types of nanobiosensors, the internet of medical things, and artificial intelligence-based viral diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Ramalingam
- grid.411292.d0000 0004 1798 8975School of Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106 China
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 South Korea
- grid.440424.20000 0004 0595 4604Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Atilim University, 06836 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abinaya Jaisankar
- grid.412813.d0000 0001 0687 4946Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 India
| | - Lijia Cheng
- grid.411292.d0000 0004 1798 8975School of Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106 China
| | - Sasirekha Krishnan
- grid.412813.d0000 0001 0687 4946Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 India
| | - Liang Lan
- grid.411292.d0000 0004 1798 8975School of Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106 China
| | - Anwarul Hassan
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hilal Turkoglu Sasmazel
- grid.440424.20000 0004 0595 4604Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Atilim University, 06836 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hirokazu Kaji
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Biomechanics, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 101-0062 Japan
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- grid.21051.370000 0001 0601 6589Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- grid.11480.3c0000000121671098NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 South Korea
| | - Zheng Shi
- grid.411292.d0000 0004 1798 8975School of Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106 China
| | - Giovanna Marrazza
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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44
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Ali Y, Khan HU. A Survey on harnessing the Applications of Mobile Computing in Healthcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Solutions. COMPUTER NETWORKS 2023; 224:109605. [PMID: 36776582 PMCID: PMC9894776 DOI: 10.1016/j.comnet.2023.109605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic ravaged almost every walk of life but it triggered many challenges for the healthcare system, globally. Different cutting-edge technologies such as Internet of things (IoT), machine learning, Virtual Reality (VR), Big data, Blockchain etc. have been adopted to cope with this menace. In this regard, various surveys have been conducted to highlight the importance of these technologies. However, among these technologies, the role of mobile computing is of paramount importance which is not found in the existing literature. Hence, this survey in mainly targeted to highlight the significant role of mobile computing in alleviating the impacts of COVID-19 in healthcare sector. The major applications of mobile computing such as software-based solutions, hardware-based solutions and wireless communication-based support for diagnosis, prevention, self-symptom reporting, contact tracing, social distancing, telemedicine and treatment related to coronavirus are discussed in detailed and comprehensive fashion. A state-of-the-art work is presented to identify the challenges along with possible solutions in adoption of mobile computing with respect to COVID-19 pandemic. Hopefully, this research will help the researchers, policymakers and healthcare professionals to understand the current research gaps and future research directions in this domain. To the best level of our knowledge, this is the first survey of its type to address the COVID-19 pandemic by exploring the holistic contribution of mobile computing technologies in healthcare area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Ali
- Higher Education Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Government Degree College Kotha Swabi, KP, Pakistan
- Higher Education Department, Shahzeb Shaheed Government Degree College Razzar, Swabi, KP, Pakistan
| | - Habib Ullah Khan
- Accounting and Information, College of Business and Economics, Qatar University, Doha Qatar
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45
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Kashefi-Kheyrabadi L, Nguyen HV, Go A, Lee MH. Ultrasensitive and amplification-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using an electrochemical biosensor powered by CRISPR/Cas13a. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 150:108364. [PMID: 36621051 PMCID: PMC9821849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed a CRISPR/Cas13a-powered electrochemical multiplexed biosensor for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA strands. Current SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic methods, such as reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), are primarily based on nucleic acid amplification (NAA) and reverse transcription (RT) processes, which have been linked to significant issues such as cross-contamination and long turnaround times. Using a CRISPR/Cas13a system integrated onto an electrochemical biosensor, we present a multiplexed and NAA-free strategy for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments. SARS-CoV-2 S and Orf1ab genes were detected in both synthetic and clinical samples. The CRISPR/Cas13a-powered biosensor achieved low detection limits of 2.5 and 4.5 ag/µL for the S and Orf1ab genes, respectively, successfully meeting the sensitivity requirement. Furthermore, the biosensor's specificity, simplicity, and universality may position it as a potential rival to RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kashefi-Kheyrabadi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea,Integrated Graphene Ltd, Euro House, Stirling FK8 2DJ, UK
| | - Huynh Vu Nguyen
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Go
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author
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46
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Zhang M, Ye L. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain using fluorescence probe and DNA flowers enabled by rolling circle amplification. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:163. [PMID: 36988717 PMCID: PMC10052277 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Using rolling circle amplification (RCA) and two different ways of signal readout, we developed analytical methods to detect the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein). We modified streptavidin-coated magnetic beads with an aptamer of RBD through a biotin-tagged complementary DNA strand (biotin-cDNA). Binding of RBD caused the aptamer to dissociate from the biotin-cDNA, making the cDNA available to initiate RCA on the magnetic beads. Detection of RBD was achieved using a dual signal output. For fluorescence signaling, the RCA products were mixed with a dsDNA probe labeled with fluorophore and quencher. Hybridization of the RCA products caused the dsDNA to separate and to emit fluorescence (λex = 488 nm, λem = 520 nm). To generate easily detectable UV-vis absorbance signal, the RCA amplification was extended to produce DNA flower to encapsulate horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The HRP-encapsulated DNA flower catalyzed a colorimetric reaction between H2O2 and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate an optical signal (λabs = 450 nm). The fluorescence and colorimetric assays for RBD have low detection limits (0.11 pg mL-1 and 0.904 pg mL-1) and a wide linear range (0.001-100 ng mL-1). For detection of RBD in human saliva, the recovery was 93.0-100% for the fluorescence assay and 87.2-107% for the colorimetric assay. By combining fluorescence and colorimetric detection with RCA, detection of the target RBD in human saliva was achieved with high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lei Ye
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box124, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
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47
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Cetinkaya A, Kaya SI, Ozkan SA. A Comprehensive Overview of Sensors Applications for the Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and of Drugs Used in its Treatment. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-21. [PMID: 36877165 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2186693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 process, determination-based analytical chemistry studies have had a major place at every stage. Many analytical techniques have been used in both diagnostic studies and drug analysis. Among these, electrochemical sensors are frequently preferred due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, short analysis time, reliability, ease of sample preparation, and low use of organic solvents. For the determination of drugs used in the SARS-CoV-2, such as favipiravir, molnupiravir, ribavirin, etc., electrochemical (nano)sensors are widely used in both pharmaceutical and biological samples. Diagnosis is the most critical step in the management of the disease, and electrochemical sensor tools are widely preferred for this purpose. Diagnostic electrochemical sensor tools can be biosensor-, nano biosensor-, or MIP-based sensors and utilize a wide variety of analytes such as viral proteins, viral RNA, antibodies, etc. This review overviews the sensor applications in SARS-CoV-2 in terms of diagnosis and determination of drugs by evaluating the most recent studies in the literature. In this way, it is aimed to compile the developments so far by shedding light on the most recent studies and giving ideas to researchers for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Cetinkaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - S Irem Kaya
- Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
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48
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Ferreira MDP, Yamada-Ogatta SF, Teixeira Tarley CR. Electrochemical and Bioelectrochemical Sensing Platforms for Diagnostics of COVID-19. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:336. [PMID: 36979548 PMCID: PMC10046778 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid transmission and high mortality rates caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus showed that the best way to fight against the pandemic was through rapid, accurate diagnosis in parallel with vaccination. In this context, several research groups around the world have endeavored to develop new diagnostic methods due to the disadvantages of the gold standard method, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in terms of cost and time consumption. Electrochemical and bioelectrochemical platforms have been important tools for overcoming the limitations of conventional diagnostic platforms, including accuracy, accessibility, portability, and response time. In this review, we report on several electrochemical sensors and biosensors developed for SARS-CoV-2 detection, presenting the concepts, fabrication, advantages, and disadvantages of the different approaches. The focus is devoted to highlighting the recent progress of electrochemical devices developed as next-generation field-deployable analytical tools as well as guiding future researchers in the manufacture of devices for disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - César Ricardo Teixeira Tarley
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86051-990, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis (INCTBio), Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
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49
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Amouzadeh Tabrizi M. An electrochemical PNA-based sensor for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRP by using surface-initiated-reversible-addition−fragmentation-chain-transfer polymerization technique. Talanta 2023; 259:124490. [PMID: 37004398 PMCID: PMC10060013 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 is one of the global health problems. Herein, a highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor has been designed to detect the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) (SARS-CoV-2 RdRP). Herein, the surface-initiated reversible-addition-fragmentation-chain-transfer polymerization was used to amplify the electrochemical signal. To do that, the thiol-terminated peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes were first immobilized on the surface of a screen-printed electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide-gold nanocomposite and then the fixed concentration of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRP was added to the electrode surface to interact with PNA probes. Subsequently, the Zr 4+ ions were added to interact with the phosphate groups of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRP. It allowed us to polymerase the ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate (FcMMA) and 4-cyano-4-(phenylcarbonothioylthio)-pentanoic acid on the SARS-CoV-2 RdRP chain. Since the poly-FcMMA has an electrochemical signal, the response of the PNA-based sensor to SARS-CoV-2 RdRP was increased in the range of 5-500 aM. The limit of detection was calculated to be 0.8 aM which is lower than the previous sensor for SARS-CoV-2 RdRP detection. The proposed PNA-based sensor showed high selectivity to the SARS-CoV-2 RdRP in the presence of the gene fragments of influenza A and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
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50
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Naghdi T, Ardalan S, Asghari Adib Z, Sharifi AR, Golmohammadi H. Moving toward smart biomedical sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:115009. [PMID: 36565545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel biomedical sensors as highly promising devices/tools in early diagnosis and therapy monitoring of many diseases and disorders has recently witnessed unprecedented growth; more and faster than ever. Nonetheless, on the eve of Industry 5.0 and by learning from defects of current sensors in smart diagnostics of pandemics, there is still a long way to go to achieve the ideal biomedical sensors capable of meeting the growing needs and expectations for smart biomedical/diagnostic sensing through eHealth systems. Herein, an overview is provided to highlight the importance and necessity of an inevitable transition in the era of digital health/Healthcare 4.0 towards smart biomedical/diagnostic sensing and how to approach it via new digital technologies including Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, IoT gateways (smartphones, readers), etc. This review will bring together the different types of smartphone/reader-based biomedical sensors, which have been employing for a wide variety of optical/electrical/electrochemical biosensing applications and paving the way for future eHealth diagnostic devices by moving towards smart biomedical sensing. Here, alongside highlighting the characteristics/criteria that should be met by the developed sensors towards smart biomedical sensing, the challenging issues ahead are delineated along with a comprehensive outlook on this extremely necessary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Naghdi
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Ardalan
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Asghari Adib
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Sharifi
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Golmohammadi
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
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