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Turner CD, Stuhr NL, Ramos CM, Van Camp BT, Curran SP. A dicer-related helicase opposes the age-related pathology from SKN-1 activation in ASI neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308565120. [PMID: 38113255 PMCID: PMC10756303 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308565120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination of cellular responses to stress is essential for health across the lifespan. The transcription factor SKN-1 is an essential homeostat that mediates survival in stress-inducing environments and cellular dysfunction, but constitutive activation of SKN-1 drives premature aging thus revealing the importance of turning off cytoprotective pathways. Here, we identify how SKN-1 activation in two ciliated ASI neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans results in an increase in organismal transcriptional capacity that drives pleiotropic outcomes in peripheral tissues. An increase in the expression of established SKN-1 stress response and lipid metabolism gene classes of RNA in the ASI neurons, in addition to the increased expression of several classes of noncoding RNA, define a molecular signature of animals with constitutive SKN-1 activation and diminished healthspan. We reveal neddylation as a unique regulator of the SKN-1 homeostat that mediates SKN-1 abundance within intestinal cells. Moreover, RNAi-independent activity of the dicer-related DExD/H-box helicase, drh-1, in the intestine, can oppose the effects of aberrant SKN-1 transcriptional activation and delays age-dependent decline in health. Taken together, our results uncover a cell nonautonomous circuit to maintain organism-level homeostasis in response to excessive SKN-1 transcriptional activity in the sensory nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris D. Turner
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - Nicole L. Stuhr
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - Carmen M. Ramos
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - Bennett T. Van Camp
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - Sean P. Curran
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
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2
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Turner CD, Stuhr NL, Ramos CM, Van Camp BT, Curran SP. A dicer-related helicase opposes the age-related pathology from SKN-1 activation in ASI neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.01.560409. [PMID: 37873147 PMCID: PMC10592859 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.01.560409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Coordination of cellular responses to stress are essential for health across the lifespan. The transcription factor SKN-1 is an essential homeostat that mediates survival in stress-inducing environments and cellular dysfunction, but constitutive activation of SKN-1 drives premature aging thus revealing the importance of turning off cytoprotective pathways. Here we identify how SKN-1 activation in two ciliated ASI neurons in C. elegans results in an increase in organismal transcriptional capacity that drives pleiotropic outcomes in peripheral tissues. An increase in the expression of established SKN-1 stress response and lipid metabolism gene classes of RNA in the ASI neurons, in addition to the increased expression of several classes of non-coding RNA, define a molecular signature of animals with constitutive SKN-1 activation and diminished healthspan. We reveal neddylation as a novel regulator of the SKN-1 homeostat that mediates SKN-1 abundance within intestinal cells. Moreover, RNAi-independent activity of the dicer-related DExD/H-box helicase, drh-1 , in the intestine, can oppose the e2ffects of aberrant SKN-1 transcriptional activation and delays age-dependent decline in health. Taken together, our results uncover a cell non-autonomous circuit to maintain organism-level homeostasis in response to excessive SKN-1 transcriptional activity in the sensory nervous system. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Unlike activation, an understudied fundamental question across biological systems is how to deactivate a pathway, process, or enzyme after it has been turned on. The irony that the activation of a transcription factor that is meant to be protective can diminish health was first documented by us at the organismal level over a decade ago, but it has long been appreciated that chronic activation of the human ortholog of SKN-1, NRF2, could lead to chemo- and radiation resistance in cancer cells. A colloquial analogy to this biological idea is a sink faucet that has an on valve without a mechanism to shut the water off, which will cause the sink to overflow. Here, we define this off valve.
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Pant A, Dasgupta D, Tripathi A, Pyaram K. Beyond Antioxidation: Keap1-Nrf2 in the Development and Effector Functions of Adaptive Immune Cells. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:288-298. [PMID: 37099275 PMCID: PMC10579846 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells, the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) complex forms the evolutionarily conserved antioxidation system to tackle oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species, generated as byproducts of cellular metabolism, were identified as essential second messengers for T cell signaling, activation, and effector responses. Apart from its traditional role as an antioxidant, a growing body of evidence indicates that Nrf2, tightly regulated by Keap1, modulates immune responses and regulates cellular metabolism. Newer functions of Keap1 and Nrf2 in immune cell activation and function, as well as their role in inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis, are emerging. In this review, we highlight recent findings about the influence of Keap1 and Nrf2 in the development and effector functions of adaptive immune cells, that is, T cells and B cells, and discuss the knowledge gaps in our understanding. We also summarize the research potential and targetability of Nrf2 for treating immune pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Pant
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Debolina Dasgupta
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Aprajita Tripathi
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Kalyani Pyaram
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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Alrawaiq NS, Atia A, Abdullah A. Effect of Administration of an Equal Dose of Selected Dietary Chemicals on Nrf2 Nuclear Translocation in the Mouse Liver. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:9291417. [PMID: 37077659 PMCID: PMC10110381 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9291417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Certain dietary chemicals influenced the expression of chemopreventive genes through the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. However, the difference in Nrf2 activation potency of these chemicals is not well studied. This study is aimed at determining the difference in the potency of liver Nrf2 nuclear translocation induced by the administration of equal doses of selected dietary chemicals in mice. Male ICR white mice were administered 50 mg/kg of sulforaphane, quercetin, curcumin, butylated hydroxyanisole, and indole-3-carbinol for 14 days. On day 15, the animals were sacrificed, and their livers were isolated. Liver nuclear extracts were prepared, and Nrf2 nuclear translocation was detected through Western blotting. To determine the implication of the Nrf2 nuclear translocation on the expression levels of several Nrf2-regulated genes, liver RNA was extracted for qPCR assay. Equal doses of sulforaphane, quercetin, curcumin, butylated hydroxyanisole, and indole-3-carbinol significantly induced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 with different intensities and subsequently increased the expression of Nrf2-regulated genes with an almost similar pattern as the Nrf2 nuclear translocation intensities (sulforaphane > butylated hydroxyanisole = indole-3-carbinol > curcumin > quercetin). In conclusion, sulforaphane is the most potent dietary chemical that induces the Nrf2 translocation into the nuclear fraction in the mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Salem Alrawaiq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sebha University, Sebha, Libya
| | - Ahmed Atia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medical Technology, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Azman Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zuo C, Cao H, Song Y, Gu Z, Huang Y, Yang Y, Miao J, Zhu L, Chen J, Jiang Y, Wang F. Nrf2: An all-rounder in depression. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102522. [PMID: 36335763 PMCID: PMC9641011 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between oxidation and antioxidant is crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Once disrupted, it can lead to various pathological outcomes and diseases, such as depression. Oxidative stress can result in or aggravate a battery of pathological processes including mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, autophagical disorder and ferroptosis, which have been found to be involved in the development of depression. Inhibition of oxidative stress and related pathological processes can help improve depression. In this regard, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the antioxidant defense system may play a pivotal role. Nrf2 activation can not only regulate the expression of a series of antioxidant genes that reduce oxidative stress and its damages, but also directly regulate the genes related to the above pathological processes to combat the corresponding alterations. Therefore, targeting Nrf2 has great potential for the treatment of depression. Activation of Nrf2 has antidepressant effect, but the specific mechanism remains to be elucidated. This article reviews the key role of Nrf2 in depression, focusing on the possible mechanisms of Nrf2 regulating oxidative stress and related pathological processes in depression treatment. Meanwhile, we summarize some natural and synthetic compounds targeting Nrf2 in depression therapy. All the above may provide new insights into targeting Nrf2 for the treatment of depression and provide a broad basis for clinical transformation.
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Liu C, Ren Y, Sui X, Liu K, Zhang J, Wang Z, Li Y, Zhang Y. Integrating network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and molecular simulation to reveal the mechanism of tert-butylhydroquinone for treating diabetic retinopathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175215. [PMID: 35987258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, is a significant cause of blindness. As one of the crucial factors in the pathogenesis of DR, oxidative stress provides new insights for the treatment of DR. Tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), an efficient phenolic antioxidant, has been proved to inhibit diabetic retina injury. However, the mechanism of TBHQ for DR treatment is still unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of TBHQ for treating DR. Firstly, the potential targets of TBHQ and DR were selected to construct protein-protein interaction network, which was applied to illustrate the potential mechanism of TBHQ against DR. Combined with transcriptomics and molecular simulation, the potential mechanisms were systematically verified. The results showed that TBHQ inhibited retinal microvascular injury by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, cell proliferation-death regulation, and vascular system development. The mechanisms of these activities were associated with hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), forkhead box O (FoxO), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), and rhoptry-associated protein1 (Rap1) signaling pathways and their related targets nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3), mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1). In conclusion, a systematic perspective for the mechanism of TBHQ against DR was revealed by present study which lays a foundation for the application of TBHQ in treating DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Liu
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Information and Educational Technology Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kaiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Zian Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Targeting NRF2 in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and depression: Efficacy of natural and synthetic compounds. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 925:174993. [PMID: 35513015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supports a strong bidirectional association between depression and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The harmful impact of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation on the development of both disorders is widely accepted. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a pertinent target in disease management owing to its reputation as the master regulator of antioxidant responses. NRF2 influences the expression of various cytoprotective phase 2 antioxidant genes, which is hampered in both depression and T2DM. Through interaction and crosstalk with several signaling pathways, NRF2 endeavors to contain the widespread oxidative damage and persistent inflammation involved in the pathophysiology of depression and T2DM. NRF2 promotes the neuroprotective and insulin-sensitizing properties of its upstream and downstream targets, thereby interrupting and preventing disease advancement. Standard antidepressant and antidiabetic drugs may be powerful against these disorders, but unfortunately, they come bearing distressing side effects. Therefore, exploiting the therapeutic potential of NRF2 activators presents an exciting opportunity to manage such bidirectional and comorbid conditions.
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Pectolinarigenin Induces Antioxidant Enzymes through Nrf2/ARE Pathway in HepG2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040675. [PMID: 35453360 PMCID: PMC9029185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectolinarigenin (PG) and its glycoside pectolinarin (PN) were reported to have various health beneficial functions such as anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. It has also been reported that PG and PN have radical scavenging ability as direct antioxidant activity. However, the indirect antioxidant activity of PG and PN by inducing antioxidant enzymes in hepatocytes is not fully understood yet. In this study, we investigated whether PG and PN increase expression of antioxidant enzymes through the nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated pathway in human hepatoma HepG2 cells and the liver of male ICR mice. PG, but not PN, induced antioxidant enzymes, namely heme oxigenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, and aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10, in HepG2 cells. As for the induction mechanism of these enzymes, PG-induced nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 increased antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated transcriptional activity and suppressed degradation of Nrf2 through modification of Kelch-like EXH-associated protein 1. Oral administration of PG also induced nuclear accumulation Nrf2 and expression of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of mice. Therefore, PG, but not PN, exhibits the indirect antioxidant activity by inducing antioxidant enzymes through the Nrf2/ARE pathway and may protect liver from oxidative stress.
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Yang S, Li F, Lu S, Ren L, Bian S, Liu M, Zhao D, Wang S, Wang J. Ginseng root extract attenuates inflammation by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and activating autophagy and p62-Nrf2-Keap1 signaling in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114739. [PMID: 34648903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a type of herbal plant that has frequently been used in many Asian countries to treat a variety of diseases. Ginseng is considered to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative pharmacological effects. However, the specific mechanism is still not entirely understood. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we investigated if ginseng extract could attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells and in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW264.7 cells and LPS were used to develop inflammatory and oxidative cell models. C57/6J male mice and DSS were used to construct the animal models. O2-, mitochondria number, and mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed using fluorescent probes and fluorescence microscopy. Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide generation were detected with probes and microplate readers. The secreted amounts of inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Protein expression levels in the cytoplasm and nucleus were measured by western blotting analyses. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the changes in mRNA levels. Autophagosome accumulation was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. A p62-specific siRNA was used to evaluate the effect of p62 on the anti-oxidative function of ginseng root extract (GRE). Asperuloside and SP600125 were used to confirm the involvement of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. RESULTS We performed a systematic analysis of the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and autophagy regulatory mechanisms of GRE in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. GRE considerably reduced the levels of nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-6 secreted by LPS-treated cells. GRE treatments dose-dependently upregulated IL-10 mRNA levels and decreased IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA levels in LPS-treated cells. Similar to the NF-κB and JNK inhibitors, GRE treatment significantly inhibited NF-κB activity and phosphorylation of MAPKs (JNK, ERK-1/2, and p38). Additionally, GRE treatment remarkably decreased LPS-triggered reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial dysfunction by motivating Nrf2 nuclear translocation by enhancing phosphorylated p62. Knockdown of p62 resulted in the loss of GRE anti-oxidative ability. Autophagy was strongly induced by GRE via the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, relieving excessive oxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation, while enhancing Beclin-1, LC3 II, and Atg7 protein expression. Furthermore, GRE alleviated the degree of injury, inflammatory cytokine production, and regulated the relative signaling pathway in DSS-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS GRE can exert both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative functions by targeting the MAPK/NF-κB and p62-Nrf2-Keap1 pathways, as well as autophagy, in vitro and vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Fangyu Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Shuyan Lu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Limei Ren
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Shuai Bian
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Meichen Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Siming Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
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Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Differentially Regulate Nrf2 Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells: Relation to Distinct Innate Immune Response. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123426. [PMID: 34943933 PMCID: PMC8700232 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are major mastitis causing pathogens in dairy cattle but elicit distinct immune and an inflammatory response in the udder. However, the host determinants responsible for this difference remains largely unknown. Our initial studies focused on the global transcriptomic response of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pbMECs) to heat-killed E. coli and S. aureus. RNA-sequencing transcriptome analysis demonstrates a significant difference in expression profiles induced by E. coli compared with S. aureus. A major differential response was the activation of innate immune response by E. coli, but not by S. aureus. Interestingly, E. coli stimulation increased transcript abundance of several genes downstream of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) that were enriched in gene sets with a focus on metabolism and immune system. However, none of these genes was dysregulated by S. aureus. Western blot analysis confirms that S. aureus impairs Nrf2 activation as compared to E. coli. Using Nrf2-knockdown cells we demonstrate that Nrf2 is necessary for bpMECs to mount an effective innate defensive response. In support of this notion, nuclear Nrf2 overexpression augmented S. aureus-stimulated inflammatory response. We also show that, unlike E. coli, S. aureus disrupts the non-canonical p62/SQSTM1-Keap1 pathway responsible for Nrf2 activation through inhibiting p62/SQSTM1 phosphorylation at S349. Collectively, our findings provide important insights into the contribution of the Nrf2 pathway to the pathogen-species specific immune response in bovine mammary epithelial cells and raise a possibility that impairment of Nrf2 activation contributes to, at least in part, the weak inflammatory response in S. aureus mastitis.
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Al-Mubarak BR, Bell KFS, Chowdhry S, Meakin PJ, Baxter PS, McKay S, Dando O, Ashford MLJ, Gazaryan I, Hayes JD, Hardingham GE. Non-canonical Keap1-independent activation of Nrf2 in astrocytes by mild oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102158. [PMID: 34626892 PMCID: PMC8512624 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 is a stress-responsive master regulator of antioxidant, detoxification and proteostasis genes. In astrocytes, Nrf2-dependent gene expression drives cell-autonomous cytoprotection and also non-cell-autonomous protection of nearby neurons, and can ameliorate pathology in several acute and chronic neurological disorders associated with oxidative stress. However, the value of astrocytic Nrf2 as a therapeutic target depends in part on whether Nrf2 activation by disease-associated oxidative stress occludes the effect of any Nrf2-activating drug. Nrf2 activation classically involves the inhibition of interactions between Nrf2's Neh2 domain and Keap1, which directs Nrf2 degradation. Keap1 inhibition is mediated by the modification of cysteine residues on Keap1, and can be triggered by electrophilic small molecules such as tBHQ. Here we show that astrocytic Nrf2 activation by oxidative stress involves Keap1-independent non-canonical signaling. Keap1 deficiency elevates basal Nrf2 target gene expression in astrocytes and occludes the effects of tBHQ, oxidative stress still induced strong Nrf2-dependent gene expression in Keap1-deficient astrocytes. Moreover, while tBHQ prevented protein degradation mediated via Nrf2's Neh2 domain, oxidative stress did not, consistent with a Keap1-independent mechanism. Moreover the effects of oxidative stress and tBHQ on Nrf2 target gene expression are additive, not occlusive. Mechanistically, oxidative stress enhances the transactivation potential of Nrf2's Neh5 domain in a manner dependent on its Cys-191 residue. Thus, astrocytic Nrf2 activation by oxidative stress involves Keap1-independent non-canonical signaling, meaning that further Nrf2 activation by Keap1-inhibiting drugs may be a viable therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer R Al-Mubarak
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; Behavioral Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karen F S Bell
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sudhir Chowdhry
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Paul J Meakin
- Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Paul S Baxter
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Sean McKay
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Owen Dando
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Michael L J Ashford
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Irina Gazaryan
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Dyson College of Arts and Sciences, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY, 10570, USA
| | - John D Hayes
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, EH16 4SB, UK.
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12
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Anticancer Targets and Signaling Pathways Activated by Britannin and Related Pseudoguaianolide Sesquiterpene Lactones. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101325. [PMID: 34680439 PMCID: PMC8533303 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are abundant in plants and display a large spectrum of bioactivities. The compound britannin (BRT), found in different Inula species, is a pseudoguaianolide-type SL equipped with a typical and highly reactive α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety. The bioproperties of BRT and related pseudoguaianolide SLs, including helenalin, gaillardin, bigelovin and others, have been reviewed. Marked anticancer activities of BRT have been evidenced in vitro and in vivo with different tumor models. Three main mechanisms are implicated: (i) interference with the NFκB/ROS pathway, a mechanism common to many other SL monomers and dimers; (ii) blockade of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, with a covalent binding to a cysteine residue of Keap1 via the reactive α-methylene unit of BRT; (iii) a modulation of the c-Myc/HIF-1α signaling axis leading to a downregulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint and activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The non-specific reactivity of the α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety with the sulfhydryl groups of proteins is discussed. Options to reduce or abolish this reactivity have been proposed. Emphasis is placed on the capacity of BRT to modulate the tumor microenvironment and the immune-modulatory action of the natural product. The present review recapitulates the anticancer effects of BRT, some central concerns with SLs and discusses the implication of the PD1/PD-L1 checkpoint in its antitumor action.
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Tentscher PR, Escher BI, Schlichting R, König M, Bramaz N, Schirmer K, von Gunten U. Toxic effects of substituted p-benzoquinones and hydroquinones in in vitro bioassays are altered by reactions with the cell assay medium. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117415. [PMID: 34348209 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Substituted para-benzoquinones and hydroquinones are ubiquitous transformation products that arise during oxidative water treatment of phenolic precursors, for example through ozonation or chlorination. The benzoquinone structural motive is associated with mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, and also with induction of the oxidative stress response through the Nrf2 pathway. For either endpoint, toxicological data for differently substituted compounds are scarce. In this study, oxidative stress response, as indicated by the AREc32 in vitro bioassay, was induced by differently substituted para-benzoquinones, but also by the corresponding hydroquinones. Bioassays that indicate defense against genotoxicity (p53RE-bla) and DNA repair activity (UmuC) were not activated by these compounds. Stability tests conducted under incubation conditions, but in the absence of cell lines, showed that tested para-benzoquinones reacted rapidly with constituents of the incubation medium. Compounds were abated already in phosphate buffer, but even faster in biological media, with reactions attributed to amino- and thiol-groups of peptides, proteins, and free amino acids. The products of these reactions were often the corresponding substituted hydroquinones. Conversely, differently substituted hydroquinones were quantitatively oxidized to p-benzoquinones over the course of the incubation. The observed induction of the oxidative stress response was attributed to hydroquinones that are presumably oxidized to benzoquinones inside the cells. Despite the instability of the tested compounds in the incubation medium, the AREc32 in vitro bioassay could be used as an unspecific sum parameter to detect para-benzoquinones and hydroquinones in oxidatively treated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Tentscher
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf CH-8600, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Rita Schlichting
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Maria König
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Nadine Bramaz
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf CH-8600, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland; Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), School of Architecture, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf CH-8600, Switzerland; Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), School of Architecture, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
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14
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Reverte M, Eren RO, Jha B, Desponds C, Snäkä T, Prevel F, Isorce N, Lye LF, Owens KL, Gazos Lopes U, Beverley SM, Fasel N. The antioxidant response favors Leishmania parasites survival, limits inflammation and reprograms the host cell metabolism. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009422. [PMID: 33765083 PMCID: PMC7993605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative burst generated by the host immune system can restrict intracellular parasite entry and growth. While this burst leads to the induction of antioxidative enzymes, the molecular mechanisms and the consequences of this counter-response on the life of intracellular human parasites are largely unknown. The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor (NRF2) could be a key mediator of antioxidant signaling during infection due to the entry of parasites. Here, we showed that NRF2 was strongly upregulated in infection with the human Leishmania protozoan parasites, its activation was dependent on a NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and SRC family of protein tyrosine kinases (SFKs) signaling pathway and it reprogrammed host cell metabolism. In inflammatory leishmaniasis caused by a viral endosymbiont inducing TNF-α in chronic leishmaniasis, NRF2 activation promoted parasite persistence but limited TNF-α production and tissue destruction. These data provided evidence of the dual role of NRF2 in protecting both the invading pathogen from reactive oxygen species and the host from an excess of the TNF-α destructive pro-inflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Reverte
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Remzi Onur Eren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Baijayanti Jha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Desponds
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tiia Snäkä
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Florence Prevel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Isorce
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lon-Fye Lye
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Katherine L. Owens
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ulisses Gazos Lopes
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephen M. Beverley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Fasel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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15
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Jayasuriya R, Ramkumar KM. Role of long non-coding RNAs on the regulation of Nrf2 in chronic diseases. Life Sci 2021; 270:119025. [PMID: 33450255 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies have identified dysregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in several diseases at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. Although our mechanistic knowledge on the regulation of lncRNAs is still limited, one of the mechanisms of action attributed is binding and regulating transcription factors, thus controlling gene expression and protein function. One such transcription factor is nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which plays a critical biological role in maintaining cellular homeostasis at multiple levels in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The levels of Nrf2 were found to be down-regulated in many chronic diseases, signifying that Nrf2 can be a key therapeutic target. Few lncRNAs like lncRNA ROR, ENSMUST00000125413, lncRNA ODRUL, Nrf2-lncRNA have been associated with the Nrf2 signaling pathway in response to various stimuli, including stress. This review discusses the regulation of Nrf2 in different responses and the potential role of specific lncRNA in modulating its transcriptional activities. This review further helps to enhance our knowledge on the regulatory role of the critical antioxidant transcription factor, Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Jayasuriya
- SRM Research Institute and Department of Biotechnology, School of bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- SRM Research Institute and Department of Biotechnology, School of bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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16
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Friedmann Angeli JP, Meierjohann S. NRF2-dependent stress defense in tumor antioxidant control and immune evasion. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 34:268-279. [PMID: 33205526 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NRF2 is known as the master regulator of the oxidative stress response. Tumor entities presenting oncogenic activation of NRF2, such as lung adenocarcinoma, are associated with drug resistance, and accumulating evidence demonstrates its involvement in immune evasion. In other cancer types, the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway is not commonly mutated, but NRF2 is activated by other means such as radiation, oncogenic activity, cytokines, or other pro-oxidant triggers characteristic of the tumor niche. The obvious effect of stress-activated NRF2 is the protection from oxidative or electrophilic damage and the adaptation of the tumor metabolism to changing conditions. However, data from melanoma also reveal a role of NRF2 in modulating differentiation and suppressing anti-tumor immunity. This review summarizes the function of NRF2 in this tumor entity and discusses the implications for current tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Friedmann Angeli
- Rudolf-Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Meierjohann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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17
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Osama A, Zhang J, Yao J, Yao X, Fang J. Nrf2: a dark horse in Alzheimer's disease treatment. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101206. [PMID: 33144124 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder, is the main cause of dementia. Common hallmarks of AD include the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) aggregation, high levels of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) and failure in redox homeostasis. To date, all proposed drugs affecting Aβ and/or p-tau have been failed in clinical trials. A decline in the expression of the transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-p45 derived factor 2) and its driven genes (NQO1, HO-1, and GCLC), and alteration of the Nrf2-related pathways have been observed in AD brains. Nrf2 plays a critical role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and regulating inflammation response. Nrf2 activation also provides cytoprotection against increasing pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases. These lines of evidence imply that Nrf2 activation may be a novel AD treatment option. Interestingly, recent studies have also demonstrated that Nrf2 interferes with several key pathogenic processes in AD including Aβ and p-tau pathways. The current review aims to provide insights into the role of Nrf2 in AD. Also, we discuss the progress and challenges regarding the Nrf2 activators for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alsiddig Osama
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Juan Yao
- School of pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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18
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Abiko Y, Okada M, Aoki H, Mizokawa M, Kumagai Y. A strategy for repression of arsenic toxicity through nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 activation mediated by the (E)-2-alkenals in Coriandrum sativum L. leaf extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Rahman Z, Dwivedi DK, Jena GB. The intervention of tert-butylhydroquinone protects ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in type II diabetic rats: the role of Nrf2 pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:522-535. [PMID: 33095998 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol consumption increases the prevalence of gastric ulcer (GU) in rats with type II diabetes (T2D). Induction of GU by absolute ethanol (5 mL/kg or 3.94 g/kg) in the animal model resembles human ulcer characteristics. The aim was to investigate the role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in the treatment of GU in diabetic condition. The rats were exposed to absolute ethanol 1 h before sacrifice and T2D was induced by combined exposure of high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin. Pretreatment of tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) (25 and 50 mg/kg), metformin (500 mg/kg), and omeprazole (20 mg/kg) were given once daily for last three consecutive weeks. In ethanol-exposed diabetic rats, pretreatment with tBHQ, omeprazole, and metformin reduced gastric mucosal lesion, ulcer index, histological alterations, malondialdehyde level, and apoptosis. Furthermore, the intervention of tBHQ, omeprazole, and metformin improved the integrity of the stomach mucosa, glutathione, gastric pH, collagen, and goblet cells. tBHQ treatment improved ethanol-induced alterations of Nrf2, catalase, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), NF-κB, and endothelin-1 expressions in diabetic rats. In diabetic conditions, the incidence of GU is increased due to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory mediators, depleted levels of cellular antioxidants, and altered gastric parameters. The tBHQ intervention could be a rational strategy to protect these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - G B Jena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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20
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Veskemaa L, Graw JA, Pickerodt PA, Taher M, Boemke W, González-López A, Francis RCE. Tert-butylhydroquinone augments Nrf2-dependent resilience against oxidative stress and improves survival of ventilator-induced lung injury in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 320:L17-L28. [PMID: 33026237 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00131.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by mechanical ventilation contributes to the pathophysiology of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). A key mechanism maintaining redox balance is the upregulation of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent antioxidant gene expression. We tested whether pretreatment with an Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway activator tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) protects against VILI. Male C57BL/6J mice were pretreated with an intraperitoneal injection of tBHQ (n = 10), an equivalent volume of 3% ethanol (EtOH3%, vehicle, n = 13), or phosphate-buffered saline (controls, n = 10) and were then subjected to high tidal volume (HVT) ventilation for a maximum of 4 h. HVT ventilation severely impaired arterial oxygenation ([Formula: see text] = 49 ± 7 mmHg, means ± SD) and respiratory system compliance, resulting in a 100% mortality among controls. Compared with controls, tBHQ improved arterial oxygenation ([Formula: see text] = 90 ± 41 mmHg) and respiratory system compliance after HVT ventilation. In addition, tBHQ attenuated the HVT ventilation-induced development of lung edema and proinflammatory response, evidenced by lower concentrations of protein and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, respectively. Moreover, tBHQ enhanced the pulmonary redox capacity, indicated by enhanced Nrf2-depentent gene expression at baseline and by the highest total glutathione concentration after HVT ventilation among all groups. Overall, tBHQ pretreatment resulted in 60% survival (P < 0.001 vs. controls). Interestingly, compared with controls, EtOH3% reduced the proinflammatory response to HVT ventilation in the lung, resulting in 38.5% survival (P = 0.0054 vs. controls). In this murine model of VILI, tBHQ increases the pulmonary redox capacity by activating the Nrf2-ARE pathway and protects against VILI. These findings support the efficacy of pharmacological Nrf2-ARE pathway activation to increase resilience against oxidative stress during injurious mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Veskemaa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine CCM/CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan A Graw
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine CCM/CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp A Pickerodt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine CCM/CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mahdi Taher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine CCM/CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Willehad Boemke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine CCM/CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrián González-López
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine CCM/CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roland C E Francis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine CCM/CVK, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Tandon A, Anupam K, Kaushal J, Gautam P, Sharma A, Bhatnagar A. Altered oxidative stress markers in relation to T cells, NK cells & killer immunoglobulin receptors that are associated with disease activity in SLE patients. Lupus 2020; 29:1831-1844. [PMID: 32998620 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320959441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease with symptoms pervasive to all organ systems. It affects more females as compared to males (in the ratio 9:1). Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of SLE and other autoimmune diseases. In order to understand the relationship between cell specific oxidative stress and the severity of SLE, this research study involving the estimation of intracellular ROS accumulation in T and NK cell was conducted on SLE patients of North Indian Population. At the same time, to estimate anti-oxidant defense, Keap1 and Nrf2 levels were estimated in these cell types. The relationship between the expression of Killer immunoglobulin receptors i.e., KIR2DL4 & KIR3DL1 and oxidative stress was also evaluated as these receptors are imperative for the function and self-tolerance of NK cells.Oxidative stress was raised along with Keap1 and Nrf2 in T and NK cell subsets in SLE patients. The expression of KIR2DL4 was raised and that of KIR3DL1 was reduced in the NK cells of patients. The intensity of change in expression and its significance varied among the subsets. Nrf2 expression was raised in these species against oxidative stress as the antioxidant defense mechanism pertaining to Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, but the adequacy of response needs to be understood in further studies. The expression of KIR2DL4 and KIR3DL1 varied among the patient and healthy controls and the expression of the latter was found to have a significant positive relationship with plasma Glutathione(reduced) concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Tandon
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kumari Anupam
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyotsana Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Preeti Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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22
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Muri J, Wolleb H, Broz P, Carreira EM, Kopf M. Electrophilic Nrf2 activators and itaconate inhibit inflammation at low dose and promote IL-1β production and inflammatory apoptosis at high dose. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101647. [PMID: 32863237 PMCID: PMC7387846 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling inflammation is critical for preventing many diseases including cancer, autoimmune disorders and hypersensitivity reactions. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that controls the cellular antioxidant and cytoprotective response. Moreover, Nrf2 has been implicated in the regulation of inflammatory processes, although the ultimate mechanism by which this is achieved is unknown. Here, we investigated mechanisms of inflammation and cell death pathways induced by a variety of Nrf2 activators including dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and the endogenous metabolite itaconate. We found that exposure of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) to low concentrations of a variety of electrophilic Nrf2 activators including itaconate prior to Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation inhibits transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin [IL]-12 and IL-1β) by activation of Nrf2. By contrast, high doses of these electrophilic compounds after TLR activation promote inflammatory apoptosis and caspase-8-dependent IL-1β processing and release independently of Nrf2. Interestingly, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a non-electrophilic Nrf2-activator, failed to induce IL-1β production. These results have important implications for clinical application of electrophilic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Muri
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Helene Wolleb
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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23
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Molecular Mechanism of Cellular Oxidative Stress Sensing by Keap1. Cell Rep 2020; 28:746-758.e4. [PMID: 31315052 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Keap1-Nrf2 system plays a central role in the oxidative stress response; however, the identity of the reactive oxygen species sensor within Keap1 remains poorly understood. Here, we show that a Keap1 mutant lacking 11 cysteine residues retains the ability to target Nrf2 for degradation, but it is unable to respond to cysteine-reactive Nrf2 inducers. Of the 11 mutated cysteine residues, we find that 4 (Cys226/613/622/624) are important for sensing hydrogen peroxide. Our analyses of multiple mutant mice lines, complemented by MEFs expressing a series of Keap1 mutants, reveal that Keap1 uses the cysteine residues redundantly to set up an elaborate fail-safe mechanism in which specific combinations of these four cysteine residues can form a disulfide bond to sense hydrogen peroxide. This sensing mechanism is distinct from that used for electrophilic Nrf2 inducers, demonstrating that Keap1 is equipped with multiple cysteine-based sensors to detect various endogenous and exogenous stresses.
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24
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tBHQ Induces a Hormetic Response That Protects L6 Myoblasts against the Toxic Effect of Palmitate. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3123268. [PMID: 32509140 PMCID: PMC7246405 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3123268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional status, in particular overweight and obesity, as well as sedentarism and high-fat diet consumption, are important risk factors to develop chronic diseases, which have a higher impact on the elderly's health. Therefore, these nutritional problems have become a concern to human healthspan and longevity. The fatty acids obtained thru the diet or due to fatty acid synthesis during obesity accumulate within the body generating toxicity and cell death. Fat is not only stored in adipose tissue, but it can also be stored in skeletal muscle. Palmitic acid (PA) has been reported as one of the most important saturated free fatty acids; it is associated to chronic oxidative stress and increased mitochondrial ROS production causing cell death by apoptosis. In skeletal muscle, palmitate has been associated with various pathophysiological consequences, which lead to muscle deterioration during aging and obesity. Since molecules that modify redox state have been proven to prevent cellular damage by inducing a hormetic response, the aim of this study was to evaluate if tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) could activate an antioxidant hormetic response that would be able to protect L6 myoblasts from palmitate toxic effect. Our results provide evidence that tBHQ is able to protect L6 myoblasts against the toxicity induced by sodium palmitate due to a synergistic activation of different signaling pathways such as Nrf2 and NF-κB.
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Edwards MR, Liu G, De S, Sourimant J, Pietzsch C, Johnson B, Amarasinghe GK, Leung DW, Bukreyev A, Plemper RK, Aron Z, Bowlin TL, Moir DT, Basler CF. Small Molecule Compounds That Inhibit Antioxidant Response Gene Expression in an Inducer-Dependent Manner. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:489-502. [PMID: 31899866 PMCID: PMC7793009 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) causes severe disease in humans and is known to activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the major transcription factor of the antioxidant response. Canonical activation of Nrf2 involves oxidative or electrophilic stress that prevents Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) targeted degradation of Nrf2, leading to Nrf2 stabilization and activation of the antioxidant response. MARV activation of Nrf2 is noncanonical with the MARV VP24 protein (mVP24) interacting with Keap1, freeing Nrf2 from degradation. A high-throughput screening (HTS) assay was developed to identify inhibitors of mVP24-induced Nrf2 activity and used to screen more than 55,000 compounds. Hit compounds were further screened against secondary HTS assays for the inhibition of antioxidant activity induced by additional canonical and noncanonical mechanisms. This pipeline identified 14 compounds that suppress the response, dependent on the inducer, with 50% inhibitory concentrations below 5 μM and selectivity index values greater than 10. Notably, several of the identified compounds specifically inhibit mVP24-induced Nrf2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Edwards
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Gai Liu
- Microbiotix Inc, 1 Innovation Drive, Worcester MA 01605, United States
| | - Sampriti De
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Julien Sourimant
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Colette Pietzsch
- Department of Pathology, Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Britney Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Gaya K. Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Daisy W. Leung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Richard K. Plemper
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zachary Aron
- Microbiotix Inc, 1 Innovation Drive, Worcester MA 01605, United States
| | - Terry L. Bowlin
- Microbiotix Inc, 1 Innovation Drive, Worcester MA 01605, United States
| | - Donald T. Moir
- Microbiotix Inc, 1 Innovation Drive, Worcester MA 01605, United States
| | - Christopher F. Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Nrf2 Activation and Its Coordination with the Protective Defense Systems in Response to Electrophilic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020545. [PMID: 31952233 PMCID: PMC7013553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular responses mediated by sensor proteins are important for biological defense against electrophilic stresses, such as xenobiotic electrophile exposure. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has an essential function as a master regulator of such cytoprotective molecular responses along with sensor protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. This review focuses on Nrf2 activation and its involvement with the protective defense systems under electrophilic stresses integrated with our recent findings that reactive sulfur species (RSS) mediate detoxification of electrophiles. The Nrf2 pathway does not function redundantly with the RSS-generating cystathionine γ-lyase pathway, and vice versa.
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27
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Rahman Z, Dwivedi DK, Jena GB. Ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats and intervention of tert-butylhydroquinone: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:547-562. [PMID: 31876185 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119895559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer (GU) is the most common health concern that occurs due to alcohol consumption, smoking and physiological stress. Ethanol-induced GU in animal model resembles the pathophysiology of human ulcer. The present study was designed to investigate the cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, against gastric mucosal damage induced by acute exposure of ethanol (5 ml/kg). The intervention of tBHQ (25 and 50 mg/kg, per os (po)) and omeprazole (20 mg/kg, po) was done for 10 consecutive days. Omeprazole was chosen as a standard drug because it is prescribed for the treatment of GU. Pretreatment of tBHQ decreased gastric mucosal lesion, ulcer index, apoptotic cells and lipid peroxidation level induced by ethanol. Furthermore, the intervention of tBHQ increased gastric mucosa integrity, pH, reduced glutathione, collagen and mucus-producing goblet cells. Intervention of tBHQ increased the expression of antioxidant markers such as Nrf2, haeme oxygenase-1 and catalase and decreased the expressions of inflammatory markers such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and cyclooxygenase-2. The cytoprotective potential of tBHQ against gastric mucosal damage might be due to its ability to enhance cellular antioxidants and anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Rahman
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - D K Dwivedi
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - G B Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
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Understanding of ROS-Inducing Strategy in Anticancer Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5381692. [PMID: 31929855 PMCID: PMC6939418 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5381692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is essential for the maintenance of diverse cellular processes. Cancer cells have higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than normal cells as a result of hypermetabolism, but the redox balance is maintained in cancer cells due to their marked antioxidant capacity. Recently, anticancer therapies that induce oxidative stress by increasing ROS and/or inhibiting antioxidant processes have received significant attention. The acceleration of accumulative ROS disrupts redox homeostasis and causes severe damage in cancer cells. In this review, we describe ROS-inducing cancer therapy and the anticancer mechanism employed by prooxidative agents. To understand the comprehensive biological response to certain prooxidative anticancer drugs such as 2-methoxyestradiol, buthionine sulfoximine, cisplatin, doxorubicin, imexon, and motexafin gadolinium, we propose and visualize the drug-gene, drug-cell process, and drug-disease interactions involved in oxidative stress induction and antioxidant process inhibition as well as specific side effects of these drugs using pathway analysis with a big data-based text-mining approach. Our review will be helpful to improve the therapeutic effects of anticancer drugs by providing information about biological changes that occur in response to prooxidants. For future directions, there is still a need for pharmacogenomic studies on prooxidative agents as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of the prooxidants and/or antioxidant-inhibitor agents for effective anticancer therapy through selective killing of cancer cells.
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29
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Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Blood Components and Neurotoxicity. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9110316. [PMID: 31717522 PMCID: PMC6896063 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9110316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke which is associated with the highest mortality and morbidity rates of all strokes. Although it is a major public health problem, there is no effective treatment for ICH. As a consequence of ICH, various blood components accumulate in the brain parenchyma and are responsible for much of the secondary brain damage and ICH-induced neurological deficits. Therefore, the strategies that could attenuate the blood component-induced neurotoxicity and improve hematoma resolution are highly needed. The present article provides an overview of blood-induced brain injury after ICH and emphasizes the need to conduct further studies elucidating the mechanisms of hematoma resolution after ICH.
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30
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Ng AYH, Li Z, Jones MM, Yang S, Li C, Fu C, Tu C, Oursler MJ, Qu J, Yang S. Regulator of G protein signaling 12 enhances osteoclastogenesis by suppressing Nrf2-dependent antioxidant proteins to promote the generation of reactive oxygen species. eLife 2019; 8:e42951. [PMID: 31490121 PMCID: PMC6731062 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulators of G-protein Signaling are a conserved family of proteins required in various biological processes including cell differentiation. We previously demonstrated that Rgs12 is essential for osteoclast differentiation and its deletion in vivo protected mice against pathological bone loss. To characterize its mechanism in osteoclastogenesis, we selectively deleted Rgs12 in C57BL/6J mice targeting osteoclast precursors using LyzM-driven Cre mice or overexpressed Rgs12 in RAW264.7 cells. Rgs12 deletion in vivo led to an osteopetrotic phenotype evidenced by increased trabecular bone, decreased osteoclast number and activity but no change in osteoblast number and bone formation. Rgs12 overexpression increased osteoclast number and size, and bone resorption activity. Proteomics analysis of Rgs12-depleted osteoclasts identified an upregulation of antioxidant enzymes under the transcriptional regulation of Nrf2, the master regulator of oxidative stress. We confirmed an increase of Nrf2 activity and impaired reactive oxygen species production in Rgs12-deficient cells. Conversely, Rgs12 overexpression suppressed Nrf2 through a mechanism dependent on the 26S proteasome, and promoted RANKL-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and NFκB, which was abrogated by antioxidant treatment. Our study therefore identified a novel role of Rgs12 in regulating Nrf2, thereby controlling cellular redox state and osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Ying Hui Ng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchool of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Oral BiologySchool of Dental Medicine, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life SciencesBuffaloUnited States
| | - Ziqing Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchool of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Megan M Jones
- Department of Oral BiologySchool of Dental Medicine, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchool of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Chunyi Li
- Department of Oral BiologySchool of Dental Medicine, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
| | - Chuanyun Fu
- Department of StomatologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Chengjian Tu
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life SciencesBuffaloUnited States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
| | - Merry Jo Oursler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Nutrition & DiabetesMayo ClinicRochesterUnited States
| | - Jun Qu
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life SciencesBuffaloUnited States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchool of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- The Penn Center for Musculoskeletal DisordersSchool of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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31
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Ghanem CI, Manautou JE. Modulation of Hepatic MRP3/ABCC3 by Xenobiotics and Pathophysiological Conditions: Role in Drug Pharmacokinetics. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1185-1223. [PMID: 29473496 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180221142315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver transporters play an important role in the pharmacokinetics and disposition of pharmaceuticals, environmental contaminants, and endogenous compounds. Among them, the family of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters is the most important due to its role in the transport of endo- and xenobiotics. The ABCC sub-family is the largest one, consisting of 13 members that include the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR/ABCC7); the sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1/ABCC8 and SUR2/ABCC9) and the multidrug resistanceassociated proteins (MRPs). The MRP-related proteins can collectively confer resistance to natural, synthetic drugs and their conjugated metabolites, including platinum-containing compounds, folate anti-metabolites, nucleoside and nucleotide analogs, among others. MRPs can be also catalogued into "long" (MRP1/ABCC1, -2/C2, -3/C3, -6/C6, and -7/C10) and "short" (MRP4/C4, -5/C5, -8/C11, -9/C12, and -10/C13) categories. While MRP2/ABCC2 is expressed in the canalicular pole of hepatocytes, all others are located in the basolateral membrane. In this review, we summarize information from studies examining the changes in expression and regulation of the basolateral hepatic transporter MPR3/ABCC3 by xenobiotics and during various pathophysiological conditions. We also focus, primarily, on the consequences of such changes in the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and/or toxicity of different drugs of clinical use transported by MRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina I Ghanem
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacologicas (ININFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. CONICET. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Catedra de Fisiopatologia. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jose E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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32
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Wang Y, Li H, Li T, Du X, Zhang X, Guo T, Kong J. Glutathione biosynthesis is essential for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Streptococcus thermophilus. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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33
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Bauman BM, Jeong C, Savage M, Briker AL, Janigian NG, Nguyen LL, Kemmerer ZA, Eggler AL. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: Oxidizable phenol-generated reactive oxygen species enhance sulforaphane's antioxidant response element activation, even as they suppress Nrf2 protein accumulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:532-540. [PMID: 29969714 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 is a master regulator of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, binding to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in their promoter regions. Due to the therapeutic role of the Nrf2/ARE system in oxidative homeostasis, its activation has been investigated in many pre-clinical and clinical trials for common chronic diseases. One of the most promising Nrf2 activators is sulforaphane, the subject of over 50 clinical trials. In this work, we examine the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on sulforaphane's Nrf2/ARE activation in the non-tumorigenic keratinocyte cell line HaCaT, with the non-arylating oxidizable phenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (dtBHQ), as the source of ROS. We find that, in combination with 2.5 µM sulforaphane, dtBHQ markedly enhances ARE-regulated gene expression, including expression of the cytoprotective proteins aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Additionally, sulforaphane's therapeutic window is widened by 12.5 µM dtBHQ. Our data suggest that H2O2 generated by dtBHQ oxidation is responsible for these effects, as shown by inclusion of catalase and by co-treatment with sulforaphane and H2O2. While sulforaphane treatment causes Nrf2 protein to accumulate as expected, interestingly, dtBHQ and H2O2 appear to act on targets downstream of Nrf2 protein accumulation to enhance sulforaphane's ARE-regulated gene expression. Inclusion of dtBHQ or H2O2 with sulforaphane does not increase Nrf2 protein levels, and catalase has little effect on Nrf2 protein levels in the presence of sulforaphane and dtBHQ. Surprisingly, dtBHQ suppresses Nrf2 protein synthesis. Inclusion of a superoxide dismutase mimetic with sulforaphane and dtBHQ partly rescues Nrf2 suppression and significantly further increases sulforaphane's efficacy for ARE-reporter expression. Thus, there is a "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" effect of ROS: ROS enhance sulforaphane's ARE-regulated gene expression even as they also inhibit Nrf2 protein synthesis. This unexpected finding reveals the degree to which targets in the ARE pathway downstream of Nrf2 protein accumulation contribute to gene expression. The results presented here provide a model system for significant enhancement of sulforaphane's potency with small molecule co-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradly M Bauman
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Chang Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Matthew Savage
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Anna L Briker
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Nicholas G Janigian
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Linda L Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Zachary A Kemmerer
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Aimee L Eggler
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States.
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Lazaro I, Lopez-Sanz L, Bernal S, Oguiza A, Recio C, Melgar A, Jimenez-Castilla L, Egido J, Madrigal-Matute J, Gomez-Guerrero C. Nrf2 Activation Provides Atheroprotection in Diabetic Mice Through Concerted Upregulation of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Autophagy Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:819. [PMID: 30108504 PMCID: PMC6080546 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactive relationships between metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy in the vascular system play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiovascular disease. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a stress-sensitive guarantor of cellular homeostasis, which cytoprotective contributions extend beyond the antioxidant defense. We investigated the beneficial effects and underlying mechanisms of the Nrf2 inducer tert-butyl hydroquinone (tBHQ) on diabetes-driven atherosclerosis. In the experimental model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, treatment with tBHQ increased Nrf2 activity in macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells within atherosclerotic lesions. Moreover, tBHQ significantly decreased the size, extension and lipid content of atheroma plaques, and attenuated inflammation by reducing lesional macrophages (total number and M1/M2 phenotype balance), foam cell size and chemokine expression. Atheroprotection was accompanied by both systemic and local antioxidant effects, characterized by lower levels of superoxide anion and oxidative DNA marker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, reduced expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, and increased antioxidant capacity. Interestingly, tBHQ treatment upregulated the gene and protein expression of autophagy-related molecules and also enhanced autophagic flux in diabetic mouse aorta. In vitro, Nrf2 activation by tBHQ suppressed cytokine-induced expression of pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress genes, altered macrophage phenotypes, and promoted autophagic activity. Our results reinforce pharmacological Nrf2 activation as a promising atheroprotective approach in diabetes, according to the plethora of cytoprotective mechanisms involved in the resolution of inflammation and oxidative stress, and restoring autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Lazaro
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Lab, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Lopez-Sanz
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Lab, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Bernal
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Lab, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Oguiza
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Lab, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Recio
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Lab, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Melgar
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Lab, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luna Jimenez-Castilla
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Lab, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Lab, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Madrigal-Matute
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Carmen Gomez-Guerrero
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Lab, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Wang Y, Li H, Li T, He H, Du X, Zhang X, Kong J. Cytoprotective effect of Streptococcus thermophilus against oxidative stress mediated by a novel peroxidase (EfeB). J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6955-6963. [PMID: 29803415 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most important starter species used in the dairy industry and exhibits several beneficial properties for the hosts. However, knowledge of the mechanism of its beneficial effect is still limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the cytoprotective effect of S. thermophilus CGMCC 7.179 with a novel peroxidase (EfeB) against oxidative stress in human intestinal epithelial cells, HT-29. Previously, we identified EfeB in S. thermophilus CGMCC 7.179, which could provide protection when growing at aerobic conditions. Here, we found that, when exposed to 15 mM H2O2, the cell viability of the efeB mutant (ST1314) was much lower than that of strain CGMCC 7.179, and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of strain ST1314 decreased by 15%. When co-incubated with HT-29 cells, strain CGMCC 7.179 stimulated the enhancement of the major antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) in HT-29 cells under 2 mM H2O2-induced oxidative stress, whereas the active decrease of those antioxidant enzymes was observed in strain ST1314. In addition, the intracellular reactive oxygen species content in HT-29 cells co-incubated with strain CGMCC 7.179 was lower than that with strain ST1314 under the same oxidative stress. Furthermore, the protein content of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in HT-29 cells following strain CGMCC 7.179 treatment was 1.4-fold higher than that with strain ST1314 treatment, and the increased transcription levels of Nrf2-related antioxidant enzyme genes were also observed in strain CGMCC 7.179 cells. All of these results demonstrated that S. thermophilus CGMCC 7.179 enhanced cellular antioxidant responses and endowed host cells with protective effects against oxidative stress mediated by the peroxidase EfeB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China 250100
| | - Honghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China 250100
| | - Tiejun Li
- Health Science Exchange and Service Center of Jinan, Jinan, P. R. China 250100
| | - Huiying He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China 250100
| | - Xue Du
- Health Science Exchange and Service Center of Jinan, Jinan, P. R. China 250100
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Health Science Exchange and Service Center of Jinan, Jinan, P. R. China 250100
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China 250100.
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36
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Chen-Roetling J, Regan RF. Targeting the Nrf2-Heme Oxygenase-1 Axis after Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:2226-2237. [PMID: 27799046 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666161027150616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury to cells adjacent to an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is likely mediated at least in part by toxins released from the hematoma that initiate complex and interacting injury cascades. Pharmacotherapies targeting a single toxin or pathway, even if consistently effective in controlled experimental models, have a high likelihood of failure in a variable clinical setting. Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and multiple other proteins with antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects, and may be a target of interest after ICH. METHODS Studies that tested the effect of HO and Nrf2 in models relevant to ICH are summarized, with an effort to reconcile conflicting data by consideration of methodological limitations. RESULTS In vitro studies demonstrated that Nrf2 activators rapidly increased HO-1 expression in astrocytes, and reduced their vulnerability to hemoglobin or hemin. Modulating HO-1 expression via genetic approaches yielded similar results. Systemic treatment with small molecule Nrf2 activators increased HO-1 expression in perivascular cells, particularly astrocytes. When tested in mouse or rat ICH models, Nrf2 activators were consistently protective, improving barrier function and attenuating edema, inflammation, neuronal loss and neurological deficits. These effects were mimicked by selective astrocyte HO-1 overexpression in transgenic mice. CONCLUSION Systemic treatment with Nrf2 activators after ICH is protective in rodents. Two compounds, dimethyl fumarate and hemin, are currently approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis and acute porphyria, respectively, and have acceptable safety profiles over years of clinical use. Further development of these drugs as ICH therapeutics seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen-Roetling
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, College Building Room 813, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Raymond F Regan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, College Building Room 813, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
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Park SA, Lee MH, Na HK, Surh YJ. 4-Hydroxyestradiol induces mammary epithelial cell transformation through Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 overexpression. Oncotarget 2018; 8:164-178. [PMID: 27438141 PMCID: PMC5352084 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen (17β-estradiol, E2) undergoes oxidative metabolism by CYP1B1 to form 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), a putative carcinogenic metabolite of estrogen. Our previous study showed that 4-OHE2-induced production of reactive oxygen species contributed to neoplastic transformation of human breast epithelial (MCF-10A) cells. In this study, 4-OHE2, but not E2, increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a sensor and regulator of oxidative stress, in MCF-10A cells. Silencing the HO-1 gene in MCF-10A cells suppressed 4-OHE2-induced cell proliferation and transformation. In addition, subcutaneous administration of 4-OHE2 markedly enhanced the growth of the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenografts, which was retarded by zinc protoporphyrin, a pharmacological inhibitor of HO-1. 4-OHE2-induced HO-1 expression was mediated by NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). We speculate that an electrophilic quinone formed as a consequence of oxidation of 4-OHE2 binds directly to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), an inhibitory protein that sequesters Nrf2 in the cytoplasm. This will diminish association between Nrf2 and Keap1. 4-OHE2 failed to interrupt the interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2 and to induce HO-1 expression in Keap1-C273S or C288S mutant cells. Lano-LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis in MCF-10A-Keap1-WT cells which were treated with 4-OHE2 revealed that the peptide fragment containing Cys288 gained a molecular mass of 287.15 Da, equivalent to the addition of a single molecule of 4-OHE2-derived ortho-quinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Aye Park
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 136-742, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
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Udagawa O, Furuyama A, Imai K, Fujitani Y, Hirano S. Effects of diesel exhaust-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) on oocytes: Potential risks to meiotic maturation. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 75:56-64. [PMID: 29158200 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Particulate air pollution (PM 2.5) is a worldwide concern. Growing epidemiological evidence has shown pathophysiological effects of PM 2.5, not only on cardiovascular system but also on reproductive performance. The composition and physicochemical properties of PM 2.5 vary depending on the emission sources, climate conditions, and complex chemical reactions in the air. These factors make it difficult to understand the cause and mechanistic details of the adverse health effects of PM 2.5. Here, we show potential impacts of PM 2.5 on oocyte maturation in mice by utilizing diesel exhaust-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a major component of urban PM 2.5. We found that the SOA destabilized microtubules of mouse oocytes and p-benzoquinone is one of the candidates for the microtubule-destabilizing compounds. We propose that some biologically reactive components of PM 2.5 should be prioritized for the regulation of atmospheric quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Udagawa
- Center for Health & Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Akiko Furuyama
- Center for Health & Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Imai
- Center for Health & Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuji Fujitani
- Center for Health & Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seishiro Hirano
- Center for Health & Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Polysulfide Na 2S 4 regulates the activation of PTEN/Akt/CREB signaling and cytotoxicity mediated by 1,4-naphthoquinone through formation of sulfur adducts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4814. [PMID: 28684787 PMCID: PMC5500523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophiles can activate redox signal transduction pathways, through actions of effector molecules (e.g., kinases and transcription factors) and sensor proteins with low pKa thiols that are covalently modified. In this study, we investigated whether 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) could affect the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)–Akt signaling pathway and persulfides/polysulfides could modulate this adaptive response. Simultaneous exposure of primary mouse hepatocytes to Na2S4 and 1,4-NQ markedly decreased 1,4-NQ-mediated cell death and S-arylation of cellular proteins. Modification of cellular PTEN during exposure to 1,4-NQ was also blocked in the presence of Na2S4. 1,4-NQ, at up to 10 µM, increased phosphorylation of Akt and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). However, at higher concentrations, 1,4-NQ inhibited phosphorylation of both proteins. These bell-shaped dose curves for Akt and CREB activation were right-shifted in cells treated with both 1,4-NQ and Na2S4. Incubation of 1,4-NQ with Na2S4 resulted in formation of 1,4-NQ–S–1,4-NQ-OH. Unlike 1,4-NQ, authentic 1,4-NQ-S-1,4-NQ-OH adduct had no cytotoxicity, covalent binding capability nor ability to activate PTEN-Akt signaling in cells. Our results suggested that polysulfides, such as Na2S4, can increase the threshold of 1,4-NQ for activating PTEN–Akt signaling and cytotoxicity by capturing this electrophile to form its sulfur adducts.
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Abstract
The activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the most important cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative attack. BTB and CNC homology-1 (Bach1), like Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), is one of a negative regulator of Nrf2 that control antioxidant response elements (ARE)-dependent gene expressions. In the current study, we found that quinones show greater capacity than hydroquinones in nuclear Bach1 export, as well as ubiquitin-dependent Bach1 degradation in our experimental time frame. Consistently, quinones are easier than hydroquinones in Nrf2 activation and ARE-driven antioxidant protein expressions. Considering the redox cycling potential of quinone-hydroquinone couple, we investigated the effect of transit metal oxidation on the regulation of Nrf2 activity. As shown, Fe3+ enhanced hydroquinone-induced Nrf2 activation and ARE-driven gene expressions, suggesting quinones rather than hydroquinone activate Nrf2 through Bach1 arylation. Taking together, our investigation illustrated that the electrophilic character of quinones ensure their conjugation with Bach1, which is important for the downregulation of Bach1 and the upregulation of Nrf2 signaling.
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Identification of Non-Electrophilic Nrf2 Activators from Approved Drugs. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060883. [PMID: 28587109 PMCID: PMC6152778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage can lead to a wide range of diseases. Nrf2 is an important transcription factor that regulates many of the cytoprotective enzymes involved in the oxidative stress response. Therefore, targeting the regulation of Nrf2 activation is one logical and effective strategy to prevent or lower the risk of oxidative stress-related diseases. Until now, most research has focused on electrophilic indirect Nrf2 activators, but the risk of 'off-target' effects may be associated with these activators. To find novel small non-electrophilic modulators of Nrf2, we started from chemical agents derived from a connectivity map (cMap) and identified 22 non-electrophilic potential Nrf2-activating drugs through a drug repositioning tactic. By determining the expression changes of antioxidant genes in MCF7 cells that were treated with the potential Nrf2 activators using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) (qRT-PCR), astemizole was found to have a greater scale of upregulating antioxidant genes NQO1, HO-1, and GCLM than the positive control d,l-sulforaphane, although the testing concentration was lower than that of the control. Astemizole is a good potential redox regulator and deserves more pharmacodynamic experimentation to test and verify its feasibility for use as an Nrf2 activator.
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Taguchi K, Yamamoto M. The KEAP1-NRF2 System in Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:85. [PMID: 28523248 PMCID: PMC5415577 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells first adapt to the microenvironment and then propagate. Mutations in tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes are frequently found in cancer cells. Comprehensive genomic analyses have identified somatic mutations and other alterations in the KEAP1 or NRF2 genes and in well-known tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, such as TP53, CDKN2A, PTEN, and PIK3CA, in various types of cancer. Aberrant NRF2 activation in cancer cells occurs through somatic mutations in the KEAP1 or NRF2 gene as well as through other mechanisms that disrupt the binding of KEAP1 to NRF2. Unregulated NRF2 confers on cancer cells high-level resistance to anticancer drugs and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and directs cancer cells toward metabolic reprogramming. Therefore, NRF2 has been studied as a therapeutic target molecule in cancer. Two strategies have been used to target NRF2 via therapeutic drugs: inhibition of NRF2 and induction of NRF2. NRF2 inhibitors may be effective against NRF2-addicted cancer cells in which NRF2 is aberrantly activated. These inhibitors have not yet been established as NRF2-targeted anticancer drugs for the treatment of human cancers. Diagnosis of NRF2 activation could facilitate the use of NRF2 inhibitors for the treatment of patients with NRF2-addicted cancers. Conversely, NRF2 inducers have been used or are being developed for non-cancer diseases. In addition, NRF2 inducers may be useful for cancer chemotherapy in combination with conventional anticancer agents or even NRF2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Taguchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Lv H, Liu Q, Zhou J, Tan G, Deng X, Ci X. Daphnetin-mediated Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathways ameliorate tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:38-52. [PMID: 28188924 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Daphnetin (Daph), a natural coumarin derivative isolated from plants of the Genus Daphne, possesses abundant biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties. In the present study, we focused on investigating the protective effect of Daph against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and the involvement of underlying molecular mechanisms. Our findings indicated that Daph effectively inhibited t-BHP-stimulated cytotoxicity, cell apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are associated with suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and glutathione (GSH)/GSSG (oxidized GSH) ratio. Further investigation indicated that Daph significantly suppressed cytochrome c release and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and modulated apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 expression. Moreover, Daph dramatically induced the expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) subunit and the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD (P) H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), which is largely dependent on upregulating the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, reducing the Keap1 protein expression, and strengthening the antioxidant response element (ARE) promoter activity. Additionally, Daph remarkably activated a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, but ERK and JNK inhibitor pretreatment exhibited an evident decrease of the level of Daph-enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Furthermore, Daph exposure suppressed t-BHP-induced cytotoxicity and ROS overproduction, which are mostly blocked in Nrf2 knockout RAW 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. Accordingly, Daph exhibited protective roles against t-BHP-triggered oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction by the upregulation of Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathways, which may be involved in the activation of JNK and ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Lv
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine. Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Qinmei Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China
| | - Junfeng Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China
| | - Guangyun Tan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine. Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Xinxin Ci
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130001, China.
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Silva-Palacios A, Colín-González AL, López-Cervantes SP, Zazueta C, Luna-López A, Santamaría A, Königsberg M. Tert-buthylhydroquinone pre-conditioning exerts dual effects in old female rats exposed to 3-nitropropionic acid. Redox Biol 2017; 12:610-624. [PMID: 28391182 PMCID: PMC5384325 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a very susceptible organ to structural and functional alterations caused by oxidative stress and its vulnerability increases with age. Understanding the antioxidant response activated by the transcription factor Nrf2 has become very important in the aging field in order to activate cellular protection. However, the role of Nrf2 inducers during old age has not been completely understood. Our aim was to activate the Nrf2 pathway by pre-treating old rats with a widely used Nrf2-inducer, tert-buthylhydroquinone (tBHQ), prior to 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) insult, in order to evaluate its effects at a behavioral, morphological and biochemical levels. 3-NP has been used to reproduce the biochemical and pathophysiological characteristics of Huntington's disease due to an oxidative effect. Our results suggest that tBHQ confers an important protective effect against 3-NP toxicity; nevertheless, Nrf2 seems not to be the main protective pathway associated to neuroprotection. Hormetic responses include the activation of more than one transcription factor. Nrf2 and NFκB are known to simultaneously initiate different cellular responses against stress by triggering parallel mechanisms, therefore NFκB nuclear accumulation was also evaluated. Old rats are able to activate an hormetic response against 3NP toxicity. tBHQ pre-conditioning exerts an antioxidant-prooxidant, dual role in old rats. tBHQ activates a crosstalk mechanism between NFκB and Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Silva-Palacios
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico; Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autonomas Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana L Colín-González
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Stefanie P López-Cervantes
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Mina Königsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico.
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Abiko Y, Sha L, Shinkai Y, Unoki T, Luong NC, Tsuchiya Y, Watanabe Y, Hirose R, Akaike T, Kumagai Y. 1,4-Naphthoquinone activates the HSP90/HSF1 pathway through the S-arylation of HSP90 in A431 cells: Negative regulation of the redox signal transduction pathway by persulfides/polysulfides. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:118-128. [PMID: 28049024 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The current consensus is that environmental electrophiles activate redox signal transduction pathways through covalent modification of sensor proteins with reactive thiol groups at low concentrations, while they cause cell damage at higher concentrations. We previously exposed human carcinoma A431 cells to the atmospheric electrophile 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) and found that heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a negative regulator of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), was a target of 1,4-NQ. In the study presented here, we determined whether 1,4-NQ activates HSF1. We also examined whether such redox signaling could be regulated by nucleophilic sulfur species. Exposure of A431 cells to 1,4-NQ covalently modified cellular HSP90, resulting in repression of the association between HSF1 with HSP90, thereby enhancing HSF1 translocation into the nuclei. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis with recombinant HSP90 revealed that the modifications site were Cys412 and Cys564. We found that HSF1 activation mediated by 1,4-NQ upregulated downstream genes, such as HSPA6. HSF1 knockdown accelerated 1,4-NQ-mediated cytotoxicity in the cells. While simultaneous treatment with reactive persulfide and polysulfide, Na2S2 and Na2S4, blocked 1,4-NQ-dependent protein modification and HSF1 activation in A431 cells, the knockdown of Cys persulfide producing enzymes cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and/or cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) enhanced these phenomena. 1,4-NQ-thiol adduct and 1,4-NQ-S-1,4-NQ adduct were produced during the enzymatic reaction of recombinant CSE in the presence of 1,4-NQ. The results suggest that activation of the HSP90-HSF1 signal transduction pathway mediated by 1,4-NQ protects cells against 1,4-NQ and that per/polysulfides can diminish the reactivity of 1,4-NQ by forming sulfur adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Abiko
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Liang Sha
- Leading Graduate School Doctoral Program, Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Leading Graduate School Doctoral Program, Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Unoki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Nho Cong Luong
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Tsuchiya
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Reiko Hirose
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Leading Graduate School Doctoral Program, Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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Kumagai Y, Abiko Y. Environmental Electrophiles: Protein Adducts, Modulation of Redox Signaling, and Interaction with Persulfides/Polysulfides. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 30:203-219. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yumi Abiko
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Hashimoto K, Simmons AN, Kajino-Sakamoto R, Tsuji Y, Ninomiya-Tsuji J. TAK1 Regulates the Nrf2 Antioxidant System Through Modulating p62/SQSTM1. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:953-964. [PMID: 27245349 PMCID: PMC5144887 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the master transcriptional regulator of antioxidant gene expression. On increased oxidative stress, an adaptor for Nrf2 degradation, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), is directly modulated by oxidants in the cytoplasm, which results in stabilization and activation of Nrf2. Nrf2 is also constitutively active, to some extent, in the absence of exogenous oxidative stress. We have previously demonstrated that intestinal epithelium-specific TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) deletion downregulates the level of Nrf2 protein, resulting in an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a mouse model. We aim at determining the mechanism by which TAK1 modulates the level of Nrf2. RESULTS We found that TAK1 upregulated serine 351 phosphorylation of an autophagic adaptor protein, p62/Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1), which facilitates interaction between p62/SQSTM1 and Keap1 and subsequent Keap1 degradation. This, ultimately, causes increased Nrf2. Tak1 deficiency reduced the phosphorylation of p62/SQSTM1, resulting in decreased steady-state levels of Nrf2 along with increased Keap1. We also found that this regulation is independent of the canonical redox-mediated Nrf2 activation mechanism. In Tak1-deficient intestinal epithelium, a synthetic phenolic electrophile, butylated hydroxyanisole still effectively upregulated Nrf2 and reduced ROS. INNOVATION Our results identify for the first time that TAK1 is a modulator of p62/SQSTM1-dependent Keap1 degradation and maintains the steady state-level of Nrf2. CONCLUSION TAK1 regulates Nrf2 through modulation of Keap-p62/SQSTM1 interaction. This regulation is important for homeostatic antioxidant protection in the intestinal epithelium. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 953-964.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Hashimoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Alicia N Simmons
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Rie Kajino-Sakamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Yoshiaki Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jun Ninomiya-Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
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Abiko Y, Puga A, Kumagai Y. Covalent binding of quinones activates the Ah receptor in Hepa1c1c7 cells. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 40:873-86. [PMID: 26558468 DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Highly reactive quinone species produced by photooxidation and/or metabolic activation of mono- or bi-aromatic hydrocarbons modulate cellular homeostasis and electrophilic signal transduction pathways through the covalent modification of proteins. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but not mono- or bi-aromatic hydrocarbons, are well recognized as ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). However, quinone species produced from mono- and bi-aromatic hydrocarbons could potentially cause AhR activation. To clarify the AhR response to mono- and bi-aromatic hydrocarbon quinones, we studied Cyp1a1 (cytochrome P450 1A1) induction and AhR activation by these quinones. We detected Cyp1a1 induction during treatment with quinones in Hepa1c1c7 cells, but not their parent compounds. Nine of the twelve quinones with covalent binding capability for proteins induced Cyp1a1. Cyp1a1 induction mediated by 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ), 1,4-NQ, 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ) and tert-butyl-1,4-BQ was suppressed by a specific AhR inhibitor and was not observed in c35 cells, which do not have a functional AhR. These quinones stimulated AhR nuclear translocation and interaction with the AhR nuclear translocator. Interestingly, 1,2-NQ covalently modified AhR, which was detected by an immunoprecipitation assay using a specific antibody against 1,2-NQ, resulting in enhancement of xenobiotic responsive element (XRE)-derived luciferase activity and binding of AhR to the Cyp1a1 promoter region. While mono- and bi-aromatic hydrocarbons are generally believed to be poor ligands for AhR and hence unable to induce Cyp1a1, our study suggests that the quinones of these molecules are able to modify AhR and activate the AhR/XRE pathway, thereby inducing Cyp1a1. Since we previously reported that 1,2-NQ and tert-butyl-1,4-BQ also activate NF-E2-related factor 2, it seems likely that some of quinones are bi-functional inducers for phase-I and phase-II reaction of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Abiko
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
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Furumoto H, Nanthirudjanar T, Kume T, Izumi Y, Park SB, Kitamura N, Kishino S, Ogawa J, Hirata T, Sugawara T. 10-Oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid generated from linoleic acid by a gut lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum is cytoprotective against oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 296:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hormetic and regulatory effects of lipid peroxidation mediators in pancreatic beta cells. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 49:49-77. [PMID: 27012748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient sensing mechanisms of carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids operate distinct pathways that are essential for the adaptation to varying metabolic conditions. The role of nutrient-induced biosynthesis of hormones is paramount for attaining metabolic homeostasis in the organism. Nutrient overload attenuate key metabolic cellular functions and interfere with hormonal-regulated inter- and intra-organ communication, which may ultimately lead to metabolic derangements. Hyperglycemia and high levels of saturated free fatty acids induce excessive production of oxygen free radicals in tissues and cells. This phenomenon, which is accentuated in both type-1 and type-2 diabetic patients, has been associated with the development of impaired glucose tolerance and the etiology of peripheral complications. However, low levels of the same free radicals also induce hormetic responses that protect cells against deleterious effects of the same radicals. Of interest is the role of hydroxyl radicals in initiating peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and generation of α,β-unsaturated reactive 4-hydroxyalkenals that avidly form covalent adducts with nucleophilic moieties in proteins, phospholipids and nucleic acids. Numerous studies have linked the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal (4-HNE) to different pathological and cytotoxic processes. Similarly, two other members of the family, 4-hydroxyl-2E-hexenal (4-HHE) and 4-hydroxy-2E,6Z-dodecadienal (4-HDDE), have also been identified as potential cytotoxic agents. It has been suggested that 4-HNE-induced modifications in macromolecules in cells may alter their cellular functions and modify signaling properties. Yet, it has also been acknowledged that these bioactive aldehydes also function as signaling molecules that directly modify cell functions in a hormetic fashion to enable cells adapt to various stressful stimuli. Recent studies have shown that 4-HNE and 4-HDDE, which activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) in vascular endothelial cells and insulin secreting beta cells, promote such adaptive responses to ameliorate detrimental effects of high glucose and diabetes-like conditions. In addition, due to the electrophilic nature of these reactive aldehydes they form covalent adducts with electronegative moieties in proteins, phosphatidylethanolamine and nucleotides. Normally these non-enzymatic modifications are maintained below the cytotoxic range due to efficient cellular neutralization processes of 4-hydroxyalkenals. The major neutralizing enzymes include fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), aldose reductase (AR) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which transform the aldehyde to the corresponding carboxylic acid or alcohols, respectively, or by biding to the thiol group in glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). This review describes the hormetic and cytotoxic roles of oxygen free radicals and 4-hydroxyalkenals in beta cells exposed to nutritional challenges and the cellular mechanisms they employ to maintain their level at functional range below the cytotoxic threshold.
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