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Zhong XJ, Wang CE, Li YN, Zhang QY, Sun QY. Atrase A, a P-III class metalloproteinase purified from cobra venom, exhibits potent anticoagulant activity by inhibiting coagulation pathway and activating the fibrinolytic system. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30969. [PMID: 38813202 PMCID: PMC11133756 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Snake venoms, comprising a complex array of protein-rich components, an important part of which are snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs). These SVMPs, which are predominantly isolated from viperid venoms, are integral to the pathology of snakebites. However, SVMPs derived from elapid venoms have not been extensively explored, and only a handful of SVMPs have been characterized to date. Atrase A, a nonhemorrhagic P-III class metalloproteinase from Naja atra venom, exhibits weak proteolytic activity against fibrinogen in vitro but has pronounced anticoagulant effects in vivo. This contrast spurred investigations into its anticoagulant mechanisms. Research findings indicate that atrase A notably extends the activated partial thromboplastin time, diminishes fibrinogen levels, and impedes platelet aggregation. The anticoagulant action of atrase A primarily involves inhibiting coagulation factor VIII and activating the endogenous fibrinolytic system, which in turn lowers fibrinogen levels. Additionally, its effect on platelet aggregation further contributes to its anticoagulant profile. This study unveils a novel anticoagulant mechanism of atrase A, significantly enriching the understanding of the roles of cobra venom metalloproteinases in snake venom. Furthermore, these findings underscore the potential of atrase A as a novel anticoagulant drug, offering insights into the functional evolutions of cobra venom metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Cai-E Wang
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Qi-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Qian-Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
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2
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Oliveira VQ, Santos LC, Teixeira SC, Correia TML, Andrade LOSB, Gimenes SNC, Colombini M, Marques LM, Jiménez-Charris E, Freitas-de-Sousa LA, Silva MJB, Magalhães Gusmão ACMD, Ferro EAV, Clissa PB, Melo Rodrigues VD, Lopes DS. Antiangiogenic properties of BthMP, a P-I metalloproteinase from Bothrops moojeni snake venom by VEGF pathway in endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 706:149748. [PMID: 38460450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process that is controlled by a delicate combination of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic molecules and can be disrupted in various illnesses, including cancer. Non-cancerous diseases can also have an abnormal or insufficient vascular growth, inflammation and hypoxia, which exacerbate angiogenesis. These conditions include atherosclerosis, psoriasis, endometriosis, asthma, obesity and AIDS. Based on that, the present work assessed the in vitro and ex vivo antiangiogenic properties stemming from BthMP, a P-I metalloproteinase from Bothrops moojeni snake venom, via the VEGF pathway. BthMP at a concentration of 5 and 40 μg/mL showed no toxicity to endothelial cells (HUVEC) in the MTT assay and was not able to induce necrosis and colony proliferation. Interestingly, BthMP inhibited adhesion, migration and invasion of HUVECs in Matrigel and arrested in vitro angiogenesis by reducing the average number of nodules in toxin-treated cells by 9.6 and 17.32 at 5 and 40 μg/mL, respectively, and the number of tubules by 15.9 at 5 μg/mL and 21.6 at 40 μg/mL in a VEGF-dependent way, an essential proangiogenic property. Furthermore, BthMP inhibited the occurrence of the angiogenic process in an ex vivo aortic ring test by decreasing new vessel formation by 52% at 5 μg/mL and by 66% at 40 μg/mL and by increasing the expression of an antiangiogenic gene, SFLT-1, and decreasing the expression of the proangiogenic genes VEGFA and ANGPT-1. Finally, this toxin reduces the production of nitric oxide, a marker that promotes angiogenesis and VEGF modulation, and decreases the protein expression of VEGFA in the supernatant of the HUVEC culture by about 30 %. These results suggest that BthMP has a promising antiangiogenic property and proves to be a biotechnological mechanism for understanding the antiangiogenic responses induced by snake venom metalloproteinases, which could be applied to a variety of diseases that exhibit an imbalance of angiogenesis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Queiroz Oliveira
- Institute Multidisciplinary in Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Luísa Carregosa Santos
- Institute Multidisciplinary in Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Samuel Cota Teixeira
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Mônica Colombini
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Institute Multidisciplinary in Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo José Barbosa Silva
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Veridiana de Melo Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Animal Toxins, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | - Daiana Silva Lopes
- Institute Multidisciplinary in Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil.
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Cavalcante JS, de Almeida DEG, Santos-Filho NA, Sartim MA, de Almeida Baldo A, Brasileiro L, Albuquerque PL, Oliveira SS, Sachett JAG, Monteiro WM, Ferreira RS. Crosstalk of Inflammation and Coagulation in Bothrops Snakebite Envenoming: Endogenous Signaling Pathways and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11508. [PMID: 37511277 PMCID: PMC10380640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming represents a major health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Considering the elevated number of accidents and high morbidity and mortality rates, the World Health Organization reclassified this disease to category A of neglected diseases. In Latin America, Bothrops genus snakes are mainly responsible for snakebites in humans, whose pathophysiology is characterized by local and systemic inflammatory and degradative processes, triggering prothrombotic and hemorrhagic events, which lead to various complications, organ damage, tissue loss, amputations, and death. The activation of the multicellular blood system, hemostatic alterations, and activation of the inflammatory response are all well-documented in Bothrops envenomings. However, the interface between inflammation and coagulation is still a neglected issue in the toxinology field. Thromboinflammatory pathways can play a significant role in some of the major complications of snakebite envenoming, such as stroke, venous thromboembolism, and acute kidney injury. In addition to exacerbating inflammation and cell interactions that trigger vaso-occlusion, ischemia-reperfusion processes, and, eventually, organic damage and necrosis. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammatory pathways in modulating coagulation and inducing platelet and leukocyte activation, as well as the inflammatory production mediators and induction of innate immune responses, among other mechanisms that are altered by Bothrops venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeliton S Cavalcante
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis Emanuel Garcia de Almeida
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Agronomic Sciences School, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norival A Santos-Filho
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Araraquara 14800-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Sartim
- Laboratory of Bioprospection, University Nilton Lins, Manaus 69058-030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Research & Development Department, Nilton Lins Foundation, Manaus 69058-030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Research at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Almeida Baldo
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisele Brasileiro
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Research at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Polianna L Albuquerque
- Toxicological Information and Assistance Center, Instituto Doutor Jose Frota Hospital, Fortaleza 60025-061, Ceará, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza 60430-140, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Sâmella S Oliveira
- Research Management, Hospital Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus 69050-001, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Almeida Gonçalves Sachett
- Research & Development Department, Nilton Lins Foundation, Manaus 69058-030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Research at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Research & Development Department, Nilton Lins Foundation, Manaus 69058-030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Research at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Translational Science and Development of Biopharmaceuticals FAPESP/CEVAP-UNESP, Botucatu 18610-307, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18610-307, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zychar BC, Clissa PB, Carvalho E, Alves AS, Baldo C, Faquim-Mauro EL, Gonçalves LRC. Modulation of Adhesion Molecules Expression by Different Metalloproteases Isolated from Bothrops Snakes. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:803. [PMID: 34822587 PMCID: PMC8624849 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMP) are involved in local inflammatory reactions observed after snakebites. Based on domain composition, they are classified as PI (pro-domain + proteolytic domain), PII (PI + disintegrin-like domains), or PIII (PII + cysteine-rich domains). Here, we studied the role of different SVMPs domains in inducing the expression of adhesion molecules at the microcirculation of the cremaster muscle of mice. We used Jararhagin (Jar)-a PIII SVMP with intense hemorrhagic activity, and Jar-C-a Jar devoid of the catalytic domain, with no hemorrhagic activity, both isolated from B. jararaca venom and BnP-1-a weakly hemorrhagic P1 SVMP from B. neuwiedi venom. Toxins (0.5 µg) or PBS (100 µL) were injected into the scrotum of mice, and 2, 4, or 24 h later, the protein and gene expression of CD54 and CD31 in the endothelium, and integrins (CD11a and CD11b), expressed in leukocytes were evaluated. Toxins induced significant increases in CD54, CD11a, and CD11b at the initial time and a time-related increase in CD31 expression. In conclusion, our results suggest that, despite differences in hemorrhagic activities and domain composition of the SVMPs used in this study, they behave similarly to the induction of expression of adhesion molecules that promote leukocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C. Zychar
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia B. Clissa
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (P.B.C.); (E.L.F.-M.)
| | - Eneas Carvalho
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Adilson S. Alves
- Department. of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Cristiani Baldo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil;
| | - Eliana L. Faquim-Mauro
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (P.B.C.); (E.L.F.-M.)
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Larréché S, Chippaux JP, Chevillard L, Mathé S, Résière D, Siguret V, Mégarbane B. Bleeding and Thrombosis: Insights into Pathophysiology of Bothrops Venom-Related Hemostasis Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179643. [PMID: 34502548 PMCID: PMC8431793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxins from Bothrops venoms targeting hemostasis are responsible for a broad range of clinical and biological syndromes including local and systemic bleeding, incoagulability, thrombotic microangiopathy and macrothrombosis. Beyond hemostais disorders, toxins are also involved in the pathogenesis of edema and in most complications such as hypovolemia, cardiovascular collapse, acute kidney injury, myonecrosis, compartmental syndrome and superinfection. These toxins can be classified as enzymatic proteins (snake venom metalloproteinases, snake venom serine proteases, phospholipases A2 and L-amino acid oxidases) and non-enzymatic proteins (desintegrins and C-type lectin proteins). Bleeding is due to a multifocal toxicity targeting vessels, platelets and coagulation factors. Vessel damage due to the degradation of basement membrane and the subsequent disruption of endothelial cell integrity under hydrostatic pressure and tangential shear stress is primarily responsible for bleeding. Hemorrhage is promoted by thrombocytopenia, platelet hypoaggregation, consumption coagulopathy and fibrin(ogen)olysis. Onset of thrombotic microangiopathy is probably due to the switch of endothelium to a prothrombotic phenotype with overexpression of tissue factor and other pro-aggregating biomarkers in association with activation of platelets and coagulation. Thrombosis involving large-caliber vessels in B. lanceolatus envenomation remains a unique entity, which exact pathophysiology remains poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Larréché
- INSERM, UMRS-1144, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France; (S.L.); (L.C.); (S.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Chippaux
- MERIT, IRD, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France;
- CRT, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Chevillard
- INSERM, UMRS-1144, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France; (S.L.); (L.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Simon Mathé
- INSERM, UMRS-1144, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France; (S.L.); (L.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Dabor Résière
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, Critical Care Department, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort de France, 97200 Martinique, France;
| | - Virginie Siguret
- INSERM, UMRS-1140, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France;
- Laboratory of Hematology, Lariboisière Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Mégarbane
- INSERM, UMRS-1144, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France; (S.L.); (L.C.); (S.M.)
- Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-143-985-299
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6
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Riyas A, Kumar A, Chandran M, Jaleel A, Biju Kumar A. The venom proteome of three common scyphozoan jellyfishes (Chrysaora caliparea, Cyanea nozakii and Lychnorhiza malayensis) (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) from the coastal waters of India. Toxicon 2021; 195:93-103. [PMID: 33741399 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The jellyfish venom stored in nematocysts contains highly toxic compounds comprising of polypeptides, enzymes and other proteins, which form their chemical defence armoury against predators. We have characterized the proteome of crude venom extract from three bloom-forming scyphozoan jellyfish along the south-west coast of India, Chrysaora caliparea, Cyanea nozakii and Lychnorhiza malayensis using a Quadrupole-Time of Flight (Q/TOF) mass spectrometry analysis. The most abundant toxin identified from Chrysaora caliparea and Lychnorhiza malayensis is similar to the pore-forming toxins and metalloproteinases. A protective antioxidant enzyme called peroxiredoxin was found abundantly in Cyanea nozakii. Metalloproteinase identified from the C. caliparea shows similarity with the venom of pit viper (Bothrops pauloensis), while that of L. malayensis was similar to the venom of snakes such as the Bothrops insularis and Bothrops asper. Kininogen-1 is a secreted protein, identified for the first time from the jellyfish L. malayensis. The proteome analysis of Cyanea nozakii, Chrysaora caliparea and Lychnorhiza malayensis contained 20, 12, 8 unique proteins, respectively. Our study characterized the proteome map of crude venom extract from L. malayensis and C. caliparea for the first time, and the venom profile is compared with published information elsewhere. Proteomic data from this study has been made available in the public domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Riyas
- Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Aneesh Kumar
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh Chandran
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Appukuttannair Biju Kumar
- Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India.
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7
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Sousa LF, Bernardoni JL, Zdenek CN, Dobson J, Coimbra F, Gillett A, Lopes-Ferreira M, Moura-da-Silva AM, Fry BG. Differential coagulotoxicity of metalloprotease isoforms from Bothrops neuwiedi snake venom and consequent variations in antivenom efficacy. Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:211-221. [PMID: 32841740 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bothrops (lance-head pit vipers) venoms are rich in weaponised metalloprotease enzymes (SVMP). These toxic enzymes are structurally diverse and functionally versatile. Potent coagulotoxicity is particularly important for prey capture (via stroke-induction) and relevant to human clinical cases (due to consumption of clotting factors including the critical depletion of fibrinogen). In this study, three distinct isoforms of P-III class SVMPs (IC, IIB and IIC), isolated from Bothrops neuwiedi venom, were evaluated for their differential capacities to affect hemostasis of prey and human plasma. Furthermore, we tested the relative antivenom neutralisation of effects upon human plasma. The toxic enzymes displayed differential procoagulant potency between plasma types, and clinically relevant antivenom efficacy variations were observed. Of particular importance was the confirmation the antivenom performed better against prothrombin activating toxins than Factor X activating toxins, which is likely due to the greater prevalence of the former in the immunising venoms used for antivenom production. This is clinically relevant as the enzymes displayed differential potency in this regard, with one (IC) in particular being extremely potent in activating Factor X and thus was correspondingly poorly neutralised. This study broadens the current understanding about the adaptive role of the SVMPs, as well as highlights how the functional diversity of SVMP isoforms can influence clinical outcomes. Key Contribution: Our findings shed light upon the hemorrhagic and coagulotoxic effects of three SVMPs of the P-III class, as well as the coagulotoxic effects of SVMPs on human, avian and amphibian plasmas. Antivenom neutralised prothrombin-activating isoforms better than Factor X activating isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leijiane F Sousa
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Toxin Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Santa Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Christina N Zdenek
- Toxin Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Santa Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - James Dobson
- Toxin Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Santa Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Francisco Coimbra
- Toxin Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Santa Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Amber Gillett
- Fauna Vet Wildlife Veterinary Consultancy, Beerwah, QLD, Australia
| | - Mônica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (Center of Toxins Immune-Response and Cell Signaling), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A M Moura-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bryan G Fry
- Toxin Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Santa Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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8
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Olaoba OT, Karina dos Santos P, Selistre-de-Araujo HS, Ferreira de Souza DH. Snake Venom Metalloproteinases (SVMPs): A structure-function update. Toxicon X 2020; 7:100052. [PMID: 32776002 PMCID: PMC7399193 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) represent a diverse group of multi-domain proteins with several biological activities such as the ability to induce hemorrhage, proteolytic degradation of fibrinogen and fibrin, induction of apoptosis and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Due to these activities, SVMPs are responsible for many of the well-known pathological phenotypes in snake envenomations caused particularly by species from the Viperidae family and the Crotalinae subfamily. These proteins have been classified based on their size and domain structure into P–I, P-II and P-III classes. Comparatively, members of the P–I SVMPs possess the simplest structures, formed by the catalytic metalloproteinase domain only; the P-II SVMPs are moderately more complex, having the canonical disintegrin domain in addition to the metalloproteinase domain; members of the P-III class are more structurally varied, comprising the metalloproteinase, disintegrin-like, and cysteine-rich domains. Proteolytic cleavage, repeated domain loss and presence of other ancillary domains are responsible for structural diversities in the P-III class. However, studies continue to unveil the relationship between the structure and function of these proteins. In this review, we recovered evidences from literature on the structural peculiarities and functional classification of Snake Venom Metalloproteinases. In addition, we reflect on diversities that exist among each class while taking into account specific and up-to-date class-based activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide Tosin Olaoba
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patty Karina dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dulce Helena Ferreira de Souza
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
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9
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Bailon Calderon H, Yaniro Coronel VO, Cáceres Rey OA, Colque Alave EG, Leiva Duran WJ, Padilla Rojas C, Montejo Arevalo H, García Neyra D, Galarza Pérez M, Bonilla C, Tintaya B, Ricciardi G, Smiejkowska N, Romão E, Vincke C, Lévano J, Celys M, Lomonte B, Muyldermans S. Development of Nanobodies Against Hemorrhagic and Myotoxic Components of Bothrops atrox Snake Venom. Front Immunol 2020; 11:655. [PMID: 32457735 PMCID: PMC7224310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake envenoming is a globally neglected public health problem. Antivenoms produced using animal hyperimmune plasma remain the standard therapy for snakebites. Although effective against systemic effects, conventional antivenoms have limited efficacy against local tissue damage. In addition, potential hypersensitivity reactions, high costs for animal maintenance, and difficulties in obtaining batch-to-batch homogeneity are some of the factors that have motivated the search for innovative and improved therapeutic products against such envenoming. In this study, we have developed a set of nanobodies (recombinant single-domain antigen-binding fragments from camelid heavy chain-only antibodies) against Bothrops atrox snake venom hemorrhagic and myotoxic components. An immune library was constructed after immunizing a Lama glama with whole venom of B. atrox, from which nanobodies were selected by phage display using partially purified hemorrhagic and myotoxic proteins. Biopanning selections retrieved 18 and eight different nanobodies against the hemorrhagic and the myotoxic proteins, respectively. In vivo assays in mice showed that five nanobodies inhibited the hemorrhagic activity of the proteins; three neutralized the hemorrhagic activity of whole B. atrox venom, while four nanobodies inhibited the myotoxic protein. A mixture of the anti-hemorrhagic and anti-myotoxic nanobodies neutralized the local tissue hemorrhage and myonecrosis induced by the whole venom, although the nanobody mixture failed to prevent the venom lethality. Nevertheless, our results demonstrate the efficacy and usefulness of these nanobodies to neutralize important pathologies of the venom, highlighting their potential as innovative therapeutic agents against envenoming by B. atrox, a viperid species causing many casualties in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Bailon Calderon
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Verónica Olga Yaniro Coronel
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Omar Alberto Cáceres Rey
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Elizabeth Gaby Colque Alave
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Walter Jhon Leiva Duran
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Padilla Rojas
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Harrison Montejo Arevalo
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - David García Neyra
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Marco Galarza Pérez
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - César Bonilla
- Centro Nacional de Producción de Biológicos (INS), Lima, Peru
| | - Benigno Tintaya
- Centro Nacional de Producción de Biológicos (INS), Lima, Peru
| | - Giulia Ricciardi
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Natalia Smiejkowska
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ema Romão
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cécile Vincke
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Juan Lévano
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Mary Celys
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Bruno Lomonte
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Nourreddine FZ, Oussedik-Oumehdi H, Laraba-Djebari F. Myotoxicity induced by Cerastes cerastes venom: Beneficial effect of heparin in skeletal muscle tissue regeneration. Acta Trop 2020; 202:105274. [PMID: 31738878 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Myonecrosis is a relevant tissue damage induced by snakes of Viperidae family often leading to permanent tissue and function loss and even amputation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of heparin on skeletal muscle tissue regeneration after Cerastes cerastes envenomation. Mice received either the venom (1 LD50) by i.m. route, or the venom followed, by heparin administration by i.v. route at 15 min and 4 h. Obtained results showed that Cerastes cerastes venom induced deep tissue structure alterations, characterized mainly by edema, hemorrhage, myonecrosis and inflammation. Myotoxicity was correlated with increased CK levels in sera, concomitant with their decrease in muscle tissue homogenates. Muscle wet weight was restored within 2 weeks after heparin treatment and 28 days in the envenomed group. Heparin treatment significantly decreased MPO activity, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. NO, HGF, VEGF and G-CSF levels were increased after heparin administration. These mitogenic factors constitute potent stimuli for satellite and endothelial cells improving, thus, muscle regeneration. This study showed that muscle tissue recovery was significantly enhanced after heparin treatment. Heparin use seems to be a promising therapeutic approach after viper envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zohra Nourreddine
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar,16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Habiba Oussedik-Oumehdi
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar,16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar,16111, Algiers, Algeria.
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11
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Leukocyte recruitment induced by snake venom metalloproteinases: Role of the catalytic domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:402-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Zille M, Ikhsan M, Jiang Y, Lampe J, Wenzel J, Schwaninger M. The impact of endothelial cell death in the brain and its role after stroke: A systematic review. Cell Stress 2019; 3:330-347. [PMID: 31799500 PMCID: PMC6859425 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.11.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The supply of oxygen and nutrients to the brain is vital for its function and requires a complex vascular network that, when disturbed, results in profound neurological dysfunction. As part of the pathology in stroke, endothelial cells die. As endothelial cell death affects the surrounding cellular environment and is a potential target for the treatment and prevention of neurological disorders, we have systematically reviewed important aspects of endothelial cell death with a particular focus on stroke. After screening 2876 publications published between January 1, 2010 and August 7, 2019, we identified 154 records to be included. We found that endothelial cell death occurs rapidly as well as later after the onset of stroke conditions. Among the different cell death mechanisms, apoptosis was the most widely investigated (92 records), followed by autophagy (20 records), while other, more recently defined mechanisms received less attention, such as lysosome-dependent cell death (2 records) and necroptosis (2 records). We also discuss the differential vulnerability of brain cells to injury after stroke and the role of endothelial cell death in the no-reflow phenomenon with a special focus on the microvasculature. Further investigation of the different cell death mechanisms using novel tools and biomarkers will greatly enhance our understanding of endothelial cell death. For this task, at least two markers/criteria are desirable to determine cell death subroutines according to the recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Zille
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maulana Ikhsan
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yun Jiang
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Josephine Lampe
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Wenzel
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
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13
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Torres-Huaco FD, Maruñak S, Teibler P, Bustillo S, Acosta de Pérez O, Leiva LC, Ponce-Soto LA, Marangoni S. Local and systemic effects of BtaMP-1, a new weakly hemorrhagic Snake Venom Metalloproteinase purified from Bothriopsis taeniata Snake Venom. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:1044-1054. [PMID: 31494155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A new weak hemorrhagic metalloproteinase named BtaMP-1 was purified from Bothriopsis taeniata snake venom by molecular exclusion followed by anion exchange chromatographies. This protein showed a molecular mass of 25,968.16 Da and is composed of 218 amino acid residues. The multiple alignments of its partial amino acid sequence showed high structural identity with other P-I class SVMP. BtaMP-1 showed caseinolytic activity that was enhanced by Ca2+ ion, completely inhibited by chelating and reducing agents and can be classified as an α-fibrinogenolytic enzyme. Locally, BtaMP-1 induces hemorrhage and edema, but not myotoxicity. These findings were confirmed by histological analysis of mouse gastrocnemius muscle. "In vitro" studies suggest that BtaMP-1 induce cytotoxicity in myoblast C2C12 but not in the myotubes cell line. BtaMP-1 induced systemic alterations in mice with one MHD and two hours exposure; histological analysis of lungs showed hemorrhagic areas, congestion, and increase the thickness of alveolar septum. Also, this protein induced mild effects on kidney and disruption of coagulation by depletion of fibrinogen plasma levels. This work provides insights into the importance of BtaMP-1 biological effects in envenomation by Bothropsis taeniata snake venom and providing further evidence to understand the role of P-I class SVMP in ophidian envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Denis Torres-Huaco
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6109, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Universidad Continental, Av. Los Incas, ZIP 4002 Arequipa, Peru.
| | - Silvana Maruñak
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National Northeastern University (UNNE), Argentina
| | - Pamela Teibler
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National Northeastern University (UNNE), Argentina
| | - Soledad Bustillo
- Protein Research Laboratory (LabInPro), Faculty of Natural Sciences and Surveying (FACENA), National Northeastern University (UNNE), Corrientes 3400, Argentina
| | - Ofelia Acosta de Pérez
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National Northeastern University (UNNE), Argentina
| | - Laura Cristina Leiva
- Protein Research Laboratory (LabInPro), Faculty of Natural Sciences and Surveying (FACENA), National Northeastern University (UNNE), Corrientes 3400, Argentina
| | - Luis Alberto Ponce-Soto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6109, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Marangoni
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6109, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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14
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Functional variability of Bothrops atrox venoms from three distinct areas across the Brazilian Amazon and consequences for human envenomings. Toxicon 2019; 164:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Menezes MC, Kitano ES, Bauer VC, Oliveira AK, Cararo-Lopes E, Nishiyama MY, Zelanis A, Serrano SMT. Early response of C2C12 myotubes to a sub-cytotoxic dose of hemorrhagic metalloproteinase HF3 from Bothrops jararaca venom. J Proteomics 2019; 198:163-176. [PMID: 30553073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Manifestations of local tissue damage, such as hemorrhage and myonecrosis, are among the most dramatic effects of envenomation by viperid snakes. Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) of the P-III class are main players of the hemorrhagic effect due to their activities in promoting blood vessel disruption. Hemorrhagic Factor 3 (HF3), a P-III class SVMP from Bothrops jararaca, shows a minimum hemorrhagic dose of 240 fmol on rabbit skin. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a sub-cytotoxic dose of HF3 (50 nM) on the proteomic profile of C2C12 differentiated cells (myotubes) in culture, and on the peptidomic profile of the culture supernatant. Quantitative proteomic analysis using stable-isotope dimethyl labeling showed differential abundance of various proteins including enzymes involved in oxidative stress and inflammation responses. Identification of peptides in the supernatant of HF3-treated myotubes revealed proteolysis and pointed out potential new substrates of HF3, including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and some damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These experiments demonstrate the subtle effects of HF3 on muscle cells and illustrate for the first time the early proteolytic events triggered by HF3 on myotubes. Moreover, they may contribute to future studies aimed at explaining the inflammation process, hemorrhage and myonecrosis caused by SVMPs. SIGNIFICANCE: One of the main features of viperid snake envenomation is myotoxicity at the bite site, which, in turn is often associated with edema, blistering and hemorrhage, composing a complex pattern of local tissue damage. In this scenario, besides muscle cells, other types of cells, components of the extracellular matrix and blood vessels may also be affected, resulting in an outcome of deficient muscle regeneration. The main venom components participating in this pathology are metalloproteinases and phospholipases A2. Muscle necrosis induced by metalloproteinases is considered as an indirect effect related to ischemia, due to hemorrhage resulted from damage to the microvasculature. The pathogenesis of local effects induced by Bothrops venoms or isolated toxins has been studied by traditional methodologies. More recently, proteomic and peptidomic approaches have been used to study venom-induced pathogenesis. Here, in order to investigate the role of metalloproteinase activity in local tissue damage, we asked whether the hemorrhagic metalloproteinase HF3, at sub-cytotoxic levels, could alter the proteome of C2C12 myotubes in culture, thereby providing an insight into the mechanisms for the development of myonecrosis. Our results from mass spectrometric analyses showed subtle, early changes in the cells, including differential abundance of some proteins and proteolysis in the culture supernatant. The data illustrate the potential ability of metalloproteinases to trigger early systemic responses progressing from local cells and up to tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene C Menezes
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Kitano
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Verena C Bauer
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana K Oliveira
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil; Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cararo-Lopes
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Milton Y Nishiyama
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Zelanis
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (ICT-UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Solange M T Serrano
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Gomes M, Alvarez MA, Quellis LR, Becher ML, Castro JMDA, Gameiro J, Caporrino MC, Moura-da-Silva AM, de Oliveira Santos M. Expression of an scFv antibody fragment in Nicotiana benthamiana and in vitro assessment of its neutralizing potential against the snake venom metalloproteinase BaP1 from Bothrops asper. Toxicon 2019; 160:38-46. [PMID: 30802471 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human accidents with venomous snakes represent an overwhelming public health problem, mainly in rural populations of underdeveloped countries. Their high incidence and the severity of the accidents result in 81,000 to 138,000 deaths per year. The treatment is based on the administration of purified antibodies, produced by hyper immunization of animals to generate immunoglobulins (Igs), and then obtained by fractionating hyper immune plasma. The use of recombinant antibodies is an alternative to conventional treatment of snakebite envenoming, particularly the Fv fragment, named the single-chain variable fragment (scFv). We have produced recombinant single chain variable fragment scFv against the venom of the pit viper Bothrops asper at high levels expressed transiently and stably in transgenic plants and in vitro cultures that is reactive to BaP1 (a metalloproteinase from B. asper venom). The yield from stably transformed plants was significantly (p > 0.05) higher than the results in from transient expression. In addition, scFvBaP1 yields from systems derived from stable transformation were: transgenic callus 62 μg/g (±2); biomass from cell suspension cultures 83 μg/g (±0.2); culture medium from suspensions 71.75 mg/L (±6.18). The activity of scFvBaP1 was confirmed by binding and neutralization of the fibrin degradation induced by BnP1 toxins from B. neuwiedi and by Atroxlysin Ia from B. atrox venoms. In the present work, we demonstrated the potential use of plant cells to produce scFvBaP1 to be used in the future as a biotechnological alternative to horse immunization protocols to produce anti-venoms to be used in human therapy against snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinna Gomes
- Laboratorio de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Ramos Quellis
- Laboratorio de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Melina Laguia Becher
- CONICET-Universidade Maimónides (CEBBAD), Hidalgo 775, Lab 603, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juciane Maria de Andrade Castro
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Jacy Gameiro
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Caporrino
- Laboratorio de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, Butantã, CEP 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Moura-da-Silva
- Laboratorio de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, Butantã, CEP 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratorio de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil.
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17
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Insights into the Mechanisms Involved in Strong Hemorrhage and Dermonecrosis Induced by Atroxlysin-Ia, a PI-Class Snake Venom Metalloproteinase. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9080239. [PMID: 28767072 PMCID: PMC5577573 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9080239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhage is the most prominent effect of snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) in human envenomation. The capillary injury is a multifactorial effect caused by hydrolysis of the components of the basement membrane (BM). The PI and PIII classes of SVMPs are abundant in viperid venoms and hydrolyze BM components. However, hemorrhage is associated mostly with PIII-class SVMPs that contain non-catalytic domains responsible for the binding of SVMPs to BM proteins, facilitating enzyme accumulation in the tissue and enhancing its catalytic efficiency. Here we report on Atroxlysin-Ia, a PI-class SVMP that induces hemorrhagic lesions in levels comparable to those induced by Batroxrhagin (PIII-class), and a unique SVMP effect characterized by the rapid onset of dermonecrotic lesions. Atroxlysin-Ia was purified from B. atrox venom, and sequence analyses indicated that it is devoid of non-catalytic domains and unable to bind to BM proteins as collagen IV and laminin in vitro or in vivo. The presence of Atroxlysin-Ia was diffuse in mice skin, and localized mainly in the epidermis with no co-localization with BM components. Nevertheless, the skin lesions induced by Atroxlysin-Ia were comparable to those induced by Batroxrhagin, with induction of leukocyte infiltrates and hemorrhagic areas soon after toxin injection. Detachment of the epidermis was more intense in skin injected with Atroxlysin-Ia. Comparing the catalytic activity of both toxins, Batroxrhagin was more active in the hydrolysis of a peptide substrate while Atroxlysin-Ia hydrolyzed more efficiently fibrin, laminin, collagen IV and nidogen. Thus, the results suggest that Atroxlysin-Ia bypasses the binding step to BM proteins, essential for hemorrhagic lesions induced by PII- and P-III class SVMPs, causing a significantly fast onset of hemorrhage and dermonecrosis, due to its higher proteolytic capacity on BM components.
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18
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Sousa LF, Portes-Junior JA, Nicolau CA, Bernardoni JL, Nishiyama-Jr MY, Amazonas DR, Freitas-de-Sousa LA, Mourão RHV, Chalkidis HM, Valente RH, Moura-da-Silva AM. Functional proteomic analyses of Bothrops atrox venom reveals phenotypes associated with habitat variation in the Amazon. J Proteomics 2017; 159:32-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Bustillo S, Van de Velde AC, Matzner Perfumo V, Gay CC, Leiva LC. Apoptosis induced by a snake venom metalloproteinase from Bothrops alternatus venom in C2C12 muscle cells. Apoptosis 2017; 22:491-501. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Moura-da-Silva AM, Almeida MT, Portes-Junior JA, Nicolau CA, Gomes-Neto F, Valente RH. Processing of Snake Venom Metalloproteinases: Generation of Toxin Diversity and Enzyme Inactivation. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8060183. [PMID: 27294958 PMCID: PMC4926149 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8060183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are abundant in the venoms of vipers and rattlesnakes, playing important roles for the snake adaptation to different environments, and are related to most of the pathological effects of these venoms in human victims. The effectiveness of SVMPs is greatly due to their functional diversity, targeting important physiological proteins or receptors in different tissues and in the coagulation system. Functional diversity is often related to the genetic diversification of the snake venom. In this review, we discuss some published evidence that posit that processing and post-translational modifications are great contributors for the generation of functional diversity and for maintaining latency or inactivation of enzymes belonging to this relevant family of venom toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Moura-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo CEP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Michelle T Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo CEP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - José A Portes-Junior
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo CEP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Carolina A Nicolau
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Gomes-Neto
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Richard H Valente
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21040-360, Brazil.
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21
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Characterising the enzymatic profile of crude tentacle extracts from the South Atlantic jellyfish Olindias sambaquiensis (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Toxicon 2016; 119:1-7. [PMID: 27169682 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Jellyfish venoms are of medical and biotechnological importance, with toxins displaying antimicrobial, analgesic and anti-tumor activities. Although proteolytic enzymes have also been described, detailed characterisation of these proteins is scant in Olindias spp. High throughput mass spectrometry profiling of cnidarian venoms has become increasingly popular since the first description of the proteomic profile of putative toxins isolated from nematocysts of the hydrozoan jellyfish Olindias sambaquiensis describing the presence of orthologous enzymes as presented in venoms of advanced species as snakes. Rigorous bioinformatics analyses can aid functional annotation, but biochemical assays are prerequisite to unambiguously assign toxic function to a peptide or protein. Here we present results that experimentally confirm previously predicted proteomic analysis that crude venom extracts from tentacles of O. sambaquiensis are composed of polypeptides with metalloproteinase, serine proteinase and phospholipases A2 activities. Surprisingly, levels of serine proteinase and phospholipase A2 activities were comparable to those observed in venoms of Bothrops snakes which were used as positive controls in this study. Hence, these data offer new opportunities to explore serine proteinase and phospholipase A2 activities in the clinical sequelae following O. sambaquiensis envenomation, with future possible biopharmaceutical applications.
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de Menezes RRPPB, Mello CP, Lima DB, Tessarolo LD, Sampaio TL, Paes LCF, Alves NTQ, Assis Junior EM, Lima Junior RCP, Toyama MH, Martins AMC. Involvement of Nitric Oxide on Bothropoides insularis Venom Biological Effects on Murine Macrophages In Vitro. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151029. [PMID: 26974665 PMCID: PMC4790960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Viperidae venom has several local and systemic effects, such as pain, edema, inflammation, kidney failure and coagulopathy. Additionally, bothropic venom and its isolated components directly interfere on cellular metabolism, causing alterations such as cell death and proliferation. Inflammatory cells are particularly involved in pathological envenomation mechanisms due to their capacity of releasing many mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO). NO has many effects on cell viability and it is associated to the development of inflammation and tissue damage caused by Bothrops and Bothropoides venom. Bothropoides insularis is a snake found only in Queimada Grande Island, which has markedly toxic venom. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the biological effects of Bothropoides insularis venom (BiV) on RAW 264.7 cells and assess NO involvement. The venom was submitted to colorimetric assays to identify the presence of some enzymatic components. We observed that BiV induced H2O2 production and showed proteolytic and phospholipasic activities. RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were incubated with different concentrations of BiV and then cell viability was assessed by MTT reduction assay after 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours of incubation. A time- and concentration-dependent effect was observed, with a tendency to cell proliferation at lower BiV concentrations and cell death at higher concentrations. The cytotoxic effect was confirmed after lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) measurement in the supernatant from the experimental groups. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that necrosis is the main cell death pathway caused by BiV. Also, BiV induced NO release. The inhibition of both proliferative and cytotoxic effects with L-NAME were demonstrated, indicating that NO is important for these effects. Finally, BiV induced an increase in iNOS expression. Altogether, these results demonstrate that B. insularis venom have proliferative and cytotoxic effects on macrophages, with necrosis participation. We also suggest that BiV acts by inducing iNOS expression and causing NO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon R. P. P. B. de Menezes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Clarissa P. Mello
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Dânya B. Lima
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Louise D. Tessarolo
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Tiago Lima Sampaio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lívia C. F. Paes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Natacha T. Q. Alves
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto C. P. Lima Junior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos H. Toyama
- São Vicente Unit, Paulista Coastal Campus, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice M. C. Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Baldo C, Lopes DS, Faquim-Mauro EL, Jacysyn JF, Niland S, Eble JA, Clissa PB, Moura-da-Silva AM. Jararhagin disruption of endothelial cell anchorage is enhanced in collagen enriched matrices. Toxicon 2015; 108:240-8. [PMID: 26528579 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhage is one of the most striking effects of bites by viper snakes resulting in fast bleeding and ischemia in affected tissues. Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are responsible for hemorrhagic activity, but the mechanisms involved in SVMP-induced hemorrhage are not entirely understood and the study of such mechanisms greatly depends on in vivo experiments. In vivo, hemorrhagic SVMPs accumulate on basement membrane (BM) of venules and capillary vessels allowing the hydrolysis of collagen IV with consequent weakness and rupture of capillary walls. These effects are not reproducible in vitro with conventional endothelial cell cultures. In this study we used two-dimension (2D) or three-dimension (3D) cultures of HUVECs on matrigel and observed the same characteristics as in ex vivo experiments: only the hemorrhagic toxin was able to localize on surfaces or internalize endothelial cells in 2D cultures or in the surface of tubules formed on 3D cultures. The contribution of matrigel, fibronectin and collagen matrices in jararhagin-induced endothelial cell damage was then analyzed. Collagen and matrigel substrates enhanced the endothelial cell damage induced by jararhagin allowing toxin binding to focal adhesions, disruption of stress fibers, detachment and apoptosis. The higher affinity of jararhagin to collagen than to fibronectin explains the localization of the toxin within BM. Moreover, once located in BM, interactions of jararhagin with α2β1 integrin would favor its localization on focal adhesions, as observed in our study. The accumulation of toxin in focal adhesions, observed only in cells grown in collagen matrices, would explain the enhancement of cell damage in these matrices and reflects the actual interaction among toxin, endothelial cells and BM components that occurs in vivo and results in the hemorrhagic lesions induced by viper venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baldo
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D S Lopes
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - E L Faquim-Mauro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J F Jacysyn
- LIM62, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Niland
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - J A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - P B Clissa
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A M Moura-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Freitas-de-Sousa L, Amazonas D, Sousa L, Sant'Anna S, Nishiyama M, Serrano S, Junqueira-de-Azevedo I, Chalkidis H, Moura-da-Silva A, Mourão R. Comparison of venoms from wild and long-term captive Bothrops atrox snakes and characterization of Batroxrhagin, the predominant class PIII metalloproteinase from the venom of this species. Biochimie 2015; 118:60-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Ferraz CR, Calixto-Campos C, Manchope MF, Casagrande R, Clissa PB, Baldo C, Verri WA. Jararhagin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia depends on TNF-α, IL-1β and NFκB in mice. Toxicon 2015; 103:119-28. [PMID: 26140746 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Jararhagin is a hemorrhagic metalloprotease from Bothrops jararaca snake venom. The hyperalgesic mechanisms of jararhagin were investigated focusing on the role of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and the transcription factor NFκB. Intraplantar administration of jararhagin (1, 10, 100 and 1000 ng/paw) induced mechanical hyperalgesia, and increased TNF-α levels at 1, 3 and 5 h, and IL-1β levels at 0.5, 1 and 3 h after its injection in the paw tissue. Pre-treatment with morphine (2, 6, 12 μg/paw) inhibited jararhagin-induced mechanical hyperagesia. The systemic or local pre-treatment with etanercept (10 mg/kg and 100 μg/paw) and IL-1ra (30 mg/kg and 100 pg/paw) inhibited jararhagin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Co-administration of jararhagin (0.1 ng/paw) and TNF-α (0.1 pg/paw) or jararhagin (0.1 ng/paw) and IL-1β (1 pg/paw) enhanced the mechanical hyperalgesia. The systemic or local pre-treatment with PDTC (NFκB inhibitor; 100 mg/kg and 100 μg/paw) inhibited jararhagin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia as well as PDTC decreased the jararhagin-induced production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Thus, these data demonstrate the involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β and nuclear transcription factor NFκB in jararhagin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia indicating that targeting these mechanisms might contribute to reduce the pain induced by B. jararaca snake venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila R Ferraz
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM380 PR445, CEP 86057-970, Cx Postal 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Cássia Calixto-Campos
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM380 PR445, CEP 86057-970, Cx Postal 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Marília F Manchope
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM380 PR445, CEP 86057-970, Cx Postal 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, CEP 86039-440, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia B Clissa
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, Secretaria de Saúde, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, CEP 05503-900, Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cristiani Baldo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM380 PR445, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM380 PR445, CEP 86057-970, Cx Postal 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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26
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Menaldo DL, Jacob-Ferreira AL, Bernardes CP, Cintra ACO, Sampaio SV. Purification procedure for the isolation of a P-I metalloprotease and an acidic phospholipase A2 from Bothrops atrox snake venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2015; 21:28. [PMID: 26273288 PMCID: PMC4535780 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-015-0027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Snake venoms are complex mixtures of inorganic and organic components, mainly proteins and peptides. Standardization of methods for isolating bioactive molecules from snake venoms is extremely difficult due to the complex and highly variable composition of venoms, which can be influenced by factors such as age and geographic location of the specimen. Therefore, this study aimed to standardize a simple purification methodology for obtaining a P-I class metalloprotease (MP) and an acidic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from Bothrops atrox venom, and biochemically characterize these molecules to enable future functional studies. Methods To obtain the toxins of interest, a method has been standardized using consecutive isolation steps. The purity level of the molecules was confirmed by RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE. The enzymes were characterized by determining their molecular masses, isoelectric points, specific functional activity and partial amino acid sequencing. Results The metalloprotease presented molecular mass of 22.9 kDa and pI 7.4, with hemorrhagic and fibrin(ogen)olytic activities, and its partial amino acid sequence revealed high similarity with other P-I class metalloproteases. These results suggest that the isolated metalloprotease is Batroxase, a P-I metalloprotease previously described by our research group. The phospholipase A2 showed molecular mass of 13.7 kDa and pI 6.5, with high phospholipase activity and similarity to other acidic PLA2s from snake venoms. These data suggest that the acidic PLA2 is a novel enzyme from B. atrox venom, being denominated BatroxPLA2. Conclusions The present study successfully standardized a simple methodology to isolate the metalloprotease Batroxase and the acidic PLA2 BatroxPLA2 from the venom of B. atrox, consisting mainly of classical chromatographic processes. These two enzymes will be used in future studies to evaluate their effects on the complement system and the inflammatory process, in addition to the thrombolytic potential of the metalloprotease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo L Menaldo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903 Brasil
| | - Anna L Jacob-Ferreira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903 Brasil
| | - Carolina P Bernardes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903 Brasil
| | - Adélia C O Cintra
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903 Brasil
| | - Suely V Sampaio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903 Brasil
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27
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Achê DC, Gomes MSR, de Souza DLN, Silva MA, Brandeburgo MIH, Yoneyama KAG, Rodrigues RS, Borges MH, Lopes DS, Rodrigues VDM. Biochemical properties of a new PI SVMP from Bothrops pauloensis: Inhibition of cell adhesion and angiogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:445-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Maria DA, da Silva MGL, Correia MC, Ruiz IRG. Antiproliferative effect of the jararhagin toxin on B16F10 murine melanoma. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:446. [PMID: 25407317 PMCID: PMC4289281 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is a less common but highly dangerous form of skin cancer; it starts in the melanocytes cells found in the outer layer of the skin. Jararhagin toxin, a metalloproteinase isolated from Bothrops jararaca snake venom acts upon several biological processes, as inflammation, pain, platelet aggregation, proliferation and apoptosis, though not yet approved for use, may one day be employed to treat tumors. METHODS B16F10 murine melanoma cells were treated with jararhagin (jara), a disintegrin-like metalloproteinase isolated from Bothrops jararaca snake venom, and jari (catalytic domain inactivated with 1,10-phenanthroline). Viability and adhesion cells were evaluated by MTT assay. The expression of caspase-3 active, phases of the cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. We analyze in vivo the effects of jararhagin on melanoma growth, apoptosis and metastasis. RESULTS The tumor cells acquired round shapes, lost cytoplasmic expansions, formed clusters in suspension and decreased viability. Jari was almost 20 times more potent toxin than jara based on IC50 values and on morphological changes of the cells, also observed by scanning electron microscopy. Flow cytometry analysis showed 48.3% decrease in the proliferation rate of cells and 47.2% increase in apoptosis (jara) and necrosis (jari), following 1.2 μM jara and 0.1 μM jari treatments. Caspase-3 activity was increased whereas G0/G1 cell cycle phase was on the decline. Proliferative rate was assessed by staining with 5,6-carboxyfluoresceindiacetate succinimidyl ester, showing a significant decrease in proliferation at all concentrations of both toxins. CONCLUSIONS In vivo treatment of the toxins was observed reduction in the incidence of nodules, and metastasis and antiproliferative inhibition capacity. This data strengthens the potential use jararhagin as an anti-neoplastic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durvanei Augusto Maria
- />Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, CEP 05503-900 Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
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29
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Bernardoni JL, Sousa LF, Wermelinger LS, Lopes AS, Prezoto BC, Serrano SMT, Zingali RB, Moura-da-Silva AM. Functional variability of snake venom metalloproteinases: adaptive advantages in targeting different prey and implications for human envenomation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109651. [PMID: 25313513 PMCID: PMC4196926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are major components in most viperid venoms that induce disturbances in the hemostatic system and tissues of animals envenomated by snakes. These disturbances are involved in human pathology of snake bites and appear to be essential for the capture and digestion of snake's prey and avoidance of predators. SVMPs are a versatile family of venom toxins acting on different hemostatic targets which are present in venoms in distinct structural forms. However, the reason why a large number of different SVMPs are expressed in some venoms is still unclear. In this study, we evaluated the interference of five isolated SVMPs in blood coagulation of humans, birds and small rodents. P-III class SVMPs (fractions Ic, IIb and IIc) possess gelatinolytic and hemorrhagic activities, and, of these, two also show fibrinolytic activity. P-I class SVMPs (fractions IVa and IVb) are only fibrinolytic. P-III class SVMPs reduced clotting time of human plasma. Fraction IIc was characterized as prothrombin activator and fraction Ic as factor X activator. In the absence of Ca2+, a firm clot was observed in chicken blood samples with fractions Ic, IIb and partially with fraction IIc. In contrast, without Ca2+, only fraction IIc was able to induce a firm clot in rat blood. In conclusion, functionally distinct forms of SVMPs were found in B. neuwiedi venom that affect distinct mechanisms in the coagulation system of humans, birds and small rodents. Distinct SVMPs appear to be more specialized to rat or chicken blood, strengthening the current hypothesis that toxin diversity enhances the possibilities of the snakes for hunting different prey or evading different predators. This functional diversity also impacts the complexity of human envenoming since different hemostatic mechanisms will be targeted by SVMPs accounting for the complexity of the response of humans to venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leijiane F. Sousa
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana S. Wermelinger
- Laboratório de Hemostasia e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio do Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia da Trombose, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio do Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline S. Lopes
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), FAPESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Solange M. T. Serrano
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), FAPESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Russolina B. Zingali
- Laboratório de Hemostasia e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio do Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Gomes MSR, Naves de Souza DL, Guimarães DO, Lopes DS, Mamede CCN, Gimenes SNC, Achê DC, Rodrigues RS, Yoneyama KAG, Borges MH, de Oliveira F, Rodrigues VM. Biochemical and functional characterization of Bothropoidin: the first haemorrhagic metalloproteinase from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom. J Biochem 2014; 157:137-49. [PMID: 25261583 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvu058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the biochemical and functional characterization of Bothropoidin, the first haemorrhagic metalloproteinase isolated from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom. This protein was purified after three chromatographic steps on cation exchange CM-Sepharose fast flow, size-exclusion column Sephacryl S-300 and anion exchange Capto Q. Bothropoidin was homogeneous by SDS-PAGE under reducing and non-reducing conditions, and comprised a single chain of 49,558 Da according to MALDI TOF analysis. The protein presented an isoelectric point of 3.76, and the sequence of six fragments obtained by MS (MALDI TOF\TOF) showed a significant score when compared with other PIII Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs). Bothropoidin showed proteolytic activity on azocasein, Aα-chain of fibrinogen, fibrin, collagen and fibronectin. The enzyme was stable at pH 6-9 and at lower temperatures when assayed on azocasein. Moreover, its activity was inhibited by EDTA, 1.10-phenanthroline and β-mercaptoethanol. Bothropoidin induced haemorrhage [minimum haemorrhagic dose (MHD) = 0.75 µg], inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen and ADP, and interfered with viability and cell adhesion when incubated with endothelial cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. Our results showed that Bothropoidin is a haemorrhagic metalloproteinase that can play an important role in the toxicity of B. pauloensis envenomation and might be used as a tool for studying the effects of SVMPs on haemostatic disorders and tumour metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Sérgio R Gomes
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Dayane L Naves de Souza
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Denise O Guimarães
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Daiana S Lopes
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Carla C N Mamede
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Sarah Natalie C Gimenes
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - David C Achê
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Renata S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Kelly A G Yoneyama
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Márcia H Borges
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Oliveira
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Veridiana M Rodrigues
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Departamento de Química e Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), BA, Brazil, INCT, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia-MG, Brazil, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, FUNED, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
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Serrano SMT, Oliveira AK, Menezes MC, Zelanis A. The proteinase-rich proteome ofBothrops jararacavenom. TOXIN REV 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2014.922581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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A neutralizing recombinant single chain antibody, scFv, against BaP1, A P-I hemorrhagic metalloproteinase from Bothrops asper snake venom. Toxicon 2014; 87:81-91. [PMID: 24887282 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BaP1 is a P-I class snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) relevant in the local tissue damage associated with envenomings by Bothrops asper, a medically important snake species in Central America and parts of South and North America. The main treatment for these accidents is the passive immunotherapy using antibodies raised in horses. In order to obtain more specific and batch-to-batch consistent antivenons, recombinant antibodies are considered a good option compared to animal immunization. We constructed a recombinant single chain variable fragment (scFv) from a monoclonal antibody against BaP1 (MABaP1) formerly secreted by a hybridoma clone. This recombinant antibody was cloned into pMST3 vector in fusion with SUMO protein and contains VH and VL domains linked by a flexible (G4S)3 polypeptide (scFvBaP1). The aim of this work was to produce scFvBaP1 and to evaluate its potential concerning the neutralization of biologically important activities of BaP1. The cytoplasmic expression of this construct was successfully achieved in C43 (DE3) bacteria. Our results showed that scFvBaP1-SUMO fusion protein presented an electrophoretic band of around 43 kDa from which SUMO alone corresponded to 13.6 kDa, and only the scFv was able to recognize BaP1 as well as the whole venom by ELISA. In contrast, neither an irrelevant scFv anti-LDL nor its MoAb partner recognized it. BaP1-induced fibrinolysis was significantly neutralized by scFvBaP1, but not by SUMO, in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, scFvBaP1, as well as MaBaP1, completely neutralized in vivo hemorrhage, muscle necrosis, and inflammation induced by the toxin. Docking analyses revealed possible modes of interaction of the recombinant antibody with BaP1. Our data showed that scFv recognized BaP1 and whole B. asper venom, and neutralized biological effects of this SVMP. This scFv antibody can be used for understanding the molecular mechanisms of neutralization of SVMPs, and for exploring the potential of recombinant antibody fragments for improving the neutralization of local tissue damage in snakebite envenoming.
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Rapid purification of a new P-I class metalloproteinase from Bothrops moojeni venom with antiplatelet activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:352420. [PMID: 24982866 PMCID: PMC4058653 DOI: 10.1155/2014/352420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the proteolytic and biological activities of a new metalloproteinase from B. moojeni venom. The purification of BmooMPα-II was carried out through two chromatographic steps (ion-exchange and affinity). BmooMPα-II is a monomeric protein with an apparent molecular mass of 22.5 kDa on SDS-PAGE 14% under nonreducing conditions. The N-terminal sequence (FSPRYIELVVVADHGMFTKYKSNLN) revealed homology with other snake venom metalloproteinases, mainly among P-I class. BmooMPα-II cleaves Aα-chain of fibrinogen followed by Bβ-chain, and does not show any effect on the γ-chain. Its optimum temperature and pH for the fibrinogenolytic activity were 30–50°C and pH 8, respectively. The inhibitory effects of EDTA and 1,10-phenantroline on the fibrinogenolytic activity suggest that BmooMPα-II is a metalloproteinase. This proteinase was devoid of haemorrhagic, coagulant, or anticoagulant activities. BmooMPα-II caused morphological alterations in liver, lung, kidney, and muscle of Swiss mice. The enzymatically active protein yet inhibited collagen, ADP, and ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results suggest that BmooMPα-II contributes to the toxic effect of the envenomation and that more investigations to elucidate the mechanisms of inhibition of platelet aggregation may contribute to the studies of snake venom on thrombotic disorders.
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Activation of Bothrops jararaca snake venom gland and venom production: A proteomic approach. J Proteomics 2013; 94:460-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Madrigal M, Sanz L, Flores-Díaz M, Sasa M, Núñez V, Alape-Girón A, Calvete JJ. Snake venomics across genus Lachesis. Ontogenetic changes in the venom composition of Lachesis stenophrys and comparative proteomics of the venoms of adult Lachesis melanocephala and Lachesis acrochorda. J Proteomics 2012; 77:280-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Torres FS, Rates B, Gomes MTR, Salas CE, Pimenta AMC, Oliveira F, Santoro MM, de Lima ME. Bmoo FIBMP-I: A New Fibrinogenolytic Metalloproteinase from Bothrops moojeni Snake Venom. ISRN TOXICOLOGY 2012; 2012:673941. [PMID: 23762636 PMCID: PMC3671731 DOI: 10.5402/2012/673941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new fibrinogenolytic metalloproteinase (Bmoo FIBMP-I) was purified from Bothrops moojeni snake venom. This enzyme was isolated through a combination of three chromatographic steps (ion-exchange, molecular exclusion, and affinity chromatography). Analyses by reverse phase chromatography, followed by mass spectrometry, showed the presence of enzyme isoforms with average molecular mass of 22.8 kDa. The SDS-PAGE analyses showed a single chain of 27.6 kDa, in the presence and absence of reducing agent. The protein has a blocked N-terminal. One of the peptides obtained by enzymatic digestion of a reduced and S-alkylated isoform was completely sequenced by mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Bmoo FIBMP-I showed similarity with hemorrhagic factor and several metalloproteinases (MP). This enzyme degraded Aα-chain faster than the Bβ-chain and did not affect the γ-chain of bovine fibrinogen. The absence of proteolytic activity after treatment with EDTA, together with the observed molecular mass, led us to suggest that Bmoo FIBMP-I is a member of the P-I class of the snake venom MP family. Bmoo FIBMP-I showed pH-dependent proteolytic activity on azocasein, but was devoid of coagulant, defibrinating, or hemorrhagic activities. The kinetic parameters of proteolytic activity in azocasein were determined (V max = 0.4596 Uh(-1)nmol(-1) ± 0.1031 and K m = 14.59 mg/mL ± 4.610).
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Affiliation(s)
- F. S. Torres
- Laboratório de Venenos e Toxinas Animais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - B. Rates
- Laboratório de Venenos e Toxinas Animais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M. T. R. Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - C. E. Salas
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A. M. C. Pimenta
- Laboratório de Venenos e Toxinas Animais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - F. Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M. M. Santoro
- Laboratório de Físico-Química de Proteínas e Enzimologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M. E. de Lima
- Laboratório de Venenos e Toxinas Animais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Lopes DS, Faquim-Mauro E, Magalhães GS, Lima IC, Baldo C, Fox JW, Moura-da-Silva AM, Clissa PB. Gene expression of inflammatory mediators induced by jararhagin on endothelial cells. Toxicon 2012; 60:1072-84. [PMID: 22960448 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMP) are abundant toxins in venoms of viper snakes and play a relevant role in the complex and multifactorial tissue damage characteristic of Viperidae envenoming. Jararhagin, a SVMP isolated from Bothrops jararaca venom, induces a fast onset hemorrhagic lesions acting directly on the capillary vessels, which are disrupted by toxin adhesion and degradation of extracellular matrix proteins like collagen IV. Jararhagin also triggers inflammatory response, where endothelial cells are activated, resulting in the enhanced rolling of circulating leukocytes, nitric oxide generation, prostacyclin production and pro-inflammatory cytokines release. Jararhagin also decreases endothelial cells viability inducing apoptosis (in vitro studies). In the present study we attempted to correlate the effect of sub-apoptotic doses of jararhagin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, using microarray assay, real time PCR and detection of specific proteins on HUVEC surface or released in the medium. Jararhagin was effective in activate and up-regulate the gene expression of different mediators such as E-selectin, VCAM-1, IL-8, CD69, Ang-2 and MMP-10. Despite the increase in expression of genes coding for such molecules, jararhagin did not induce increased concentrations of E-selectin, VCAM-1 and IL-8 produced or released by endothelial cells. In conclusion, jararhagin is able to activate pro-inflammatory gene transcription on endothelial cells however this stimulus is not sufficient to result in the consequent expression of pro-inflammatory effectors molecules like E-selectin, VCAM-1 and IL-8. The time courses of these events, as well as the doses of jararhagin are important points to be addressed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana S Lopes
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Dr. Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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da Silva IRF, Lorenzetti R, Rennó AL, Baldissera L, Zelanis A, Serrano SMDT, Hyslop S. BJ-PI2, A non-hemorrhagic metalloproteinase from Bothrops jararaca snake venom. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1809-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Moura-da-Silva AM, Baldo C. Jararhagin, a hemorrhagic snake venom metalloproteinase from Bothrops jararaca. Toxicon 2012; 60:280-9. [PMID: 22534074 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Jararhagin is a metalloproteinase isolated from Bothrops jararaca snake venom, which has been extensively studied. These studies showed its involvement on most of the systemic and local damaging effects of snakebite envenomings. In this review we comment on the major targets of jararhagin as the vascular endothelium, platelets and coagulation factors and also its action on other cell systems as inflammatory cells and their mediators, cancer and cell signaling. The mechanisms of jararhagin action are discussed together with structural features essential for the expression of its biological activities. The studies reviewed here denote jararhagin as a prototype for studies of snake venom metalloproteinases, bringing new insights into cellular-matrix interactions and adding for the improvement of snakebite treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Moura-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, CEP-05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Girón ME, Rodríguez-Acosta A, Salazar AM, Sánchez EE, Galán J, Ibarra C, Guerrero B. Isolation and characterization of two new non-hemorrhagic metalloproteinases with fibrinogenolytic activity from the mapanare (Bothrops colombiensis) venom. Arch Toxicol 2012; 87:197-208. [PMID: 22918489 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Colombienases are acidic, low molecular weight metalloproteinases (Mr of 23,074.31 Da colombienase-1 and 23,078.80 Da colombienase-2; pI of 6.0 and 6.2, respectively) isolated from Bothrops colombiensis snake venom. The chromatographic profile in RP-HPLC and its partial sequence confirmed its high homogeneity. Both colombienases present fibrino(geno)lytic activity, but did not show any hemorrhagic, amidolytic, plasminogen activator or coagulant activities, and no effect on platelet aggregation induced by collagen or ADP. Both enzymes were strongly active on fibrinogen Aα chains followed by the Bβ chains, and colombienases-2, at high doses, also degraded the γ chains. This activity was stable at temperatures ranging between 4 and 37 °C, with a maximum activity at 25 °C, and at pHs between 7 and 9. The homology demonstrated by the comparison of sequences, with zinc-dependent metalloproteinases, as well as the metal chelant effects on, confirmed that the colombienases were metalloproteinases, particularly to α-fibrinogenases belonging to the P-I class of SVPMs (20-30 kDa), which contain only the single-domain proteins. The biological characteristics of the colombienases confer a therapeutic potential, since they contain a high fibrino(geno)lytic activity, devoid of hemorrhagic activity. These metalloproteinases might be explored as thrombolytic agents given that they dissolve fibrin clots or prevent their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Girón
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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Cintra ACO, De Toni LGB, Sartim MA, Franco JJ, Caetano RC, Murakami MT, Sampaio SV. Batroxase, a new metalloproteinase from B. atrox snake venom with strong fibrinolytic activity. Toxicon 2012; 60:70-82. [PMID: 22483847 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The structures and functional activities of metalloproteinases from snake venoms have been widely studied because of the importance of these molecules in envenomation. Batroxase, which is a metalloproteinase isolated from Bothrops atrox (Pará) snake venom, was obtained by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. The enzyme is a single protein chain composed of 202 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 22.9 kDa, as determined by mass spectrometry analysis, showing an isoelectric point of 7.5. The primary sequence analysis indicates that the proteinase contains a zinc ligand motif (HELGHNLGISH) and a sequence C₁₆₄ I₁₆₅M₁₆₆ motif that is associated with a "Met-turn" structure. The protein lacks N-glycosylation sites and contains seven half cystine residues, six of which are conserved as pairs to form disulfide bridges. The three-dimensional structure of Batroxase was modeled based on the crystal structure of BmooMPα-I from Bothrops moojeni. The model revealed that the zinc binding site has a high structural similarity to the binding site of other metalloproteinases. Batroxase presented weak hemorrhagic activity, with a MHD of 10 μg, and was able to hydrolyze extracellular matrix components, such as type IV collagen and fibronectin. The toxin cleaves both α and β-chains of the fibrinogen molecule, and it can be inhibited by EDTA, EGTA and β-mercaptoethanol. Batroxase was able to dissolve fibrin clots independently of plasminogen activation. These results demonstrate that Batroxase is a zinc-dependent hemorrhagic metalloproteinase with fibrin(ogen)olytic and thrombolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C O Cintra
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
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42
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Rodrigues RS, Boldrini-França J, Fonseca FPP, de la Torre P, Henrique-Silva F, Sanz L, Calvete JJ, Rodrigues VM. Combined snake venomics and venom gland transcriptomic analysis of Bothropoides pauloensis. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2707-20. [PMID: 22480909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Unraveling the repertoire of venom toxins of Bothropoides pauloensis was assessed by snake venomics and venom gland transcriptomic surveys. Both approaches yielded converging overall figures, pointing to metalloproteinases (~37%), PLA(2)s (26-32%), and vasoactive (bradykinin-potentiating) peptides (12-17%) as the major toxin classes. The high occurrence of SVMPs, PLA(2) molecules, vasoactive peptides, along with serine proteinases, explains the local and systemic effects observed in envenomations by B. pauloensis. Minor (<3%) C-type lectin, serine proteinase, L-amino acid oxidase, nerve growth factor, and CRISP molecules were also identified in the transcriptome and the proteome. Low abundance (0.3%) EST singletons coding for vascular endothelial growth factor (svVEGF), ohanin, hyaluronidase, and 5' nucleotidase were found only in the venom gland cDNA library. At the molecular level, the transcriptomic and proteomic datasets display low compositional concordance. In particular, although there is good agreement between transcriptome and proteome in the identity of BPPs, PLA(2) molecules and L-amino acid oxidase, both datasets strongly depart in their C-type lectin and SVMP complements. These data support the view that venom composition is influenced by transcriptional and translational mechanisms and emphasize the value of combining proteomic and transcriptomic approaches to acquire a more complete understanding of the toxinological profile and natural history of the snake venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Moura-da-Silva AM, Furlan MS, Caporrino MC, Grego KF, Portes-Junior JA, Clissa PB, Valente RH, Magalhães GS. Diversity of metalloproteinases in Bothrops neuwiedi snake venom transcripts: evidences for recombination between different classes of SVMPs. BMC Genet 2011; 12:94. [PMID: 22044657 PMCID: PMC3217872 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-12-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are widely distributed in snake venoms and are versatile toxins, targeting many important elements involved in hemostasis, such as basement membrane proteins, clotting proteins, platelets, endothelial and inflammatory cells. The functional diversity of SVMPs is in part due to the structural organization of different combinations of catalytic, disintegrin, disintegrin-like and cysteine-rich domains, which categorizes SVMPs in 3 classes of precursor molecules (PI, PII and PIII) further divided in 11 subclasses, 6 of them belonging to PII group. This heterogeneity is currently correlated to genetic accelerated evolution and post-translational modifications. Results Thirty-one SVMP cDNAs were full length cloned from a single specimen of Bothrops neuwiedi snake, sequenced and grouped in eleven distinct sequences and further analyzed by cladistic analysis. Class P-I and class P-III sequences presented the expected tree topology for fibrinolytic and hemorrhagic SVMPs, respectively. In opposition, three distinct segregations were observed for class P-II sequences. P-IIb showed the typical segregation of class P-II SVMPs. However, P-IIa grouped with class P-I cDNAs presenting a 100% identity in the 365 bp at their 5' ends, suggesting post-transcription events for interclass recombination. In addition, catalytic domain of P-IIx sequences segregated with non-hemorrhagic class P-III SVMPs while their disintegrin domain grouped with other class P-II disintegrin domains suggesting independent evolution of catalytic and disintegrin domains. Complementary regions within cDNA sequences were noted and may participate in recombination either at DNA or RNA levels. Proteins predicted by these cDNAs show the main features of the correspondent classes of SVMP, but P-IIb and P-IIx included two additional cysteines cysteines at the C-termini of the disintegrin domains in positions not yet described. Conclusions In B. neuwiedi venom gland, class P-II SVMPs were represented by three different types of transcripts that may have arisen by interclass recombination with P-I and P-III sequences after the divergence of the different classes of SVMPs. Our observations indicate that exon shuffling or post-transcriptional mechanisms may be driving these recombinations generating new functional possibilities for this complex group of snake toxins.
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Key events in microvascular damage induced by snake venom hemorrhagic metalloproteinases. J Proteomics 2011; 74:1781-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Gomes MSR, de Queiroz MR, Mamede CCN, Mendes MM, Hamaguchi A, Homsi-Brandeburgo MI, Sousa MV, Aquino EN, Castro MS, de Oliveira F, Rodrigues VM. Purification and functional characterization of a new metalloproteinase (BleucMP) from Bothrops leucurus snake venom. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 153:290-300. [PMID: 21130897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A fibrino(geno)lytic nonhemorrhagic metalloproteinase (BleucMP) was purified from Bothrops leucurus snake venom by two chromatographic steps procedure on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 followed by CM-Sepharose Fast Flow column. BleucMP represented 1.75% (w/w) of the crude venom and was homogeneous on SDS-PAGE. BleucMP analyzed by MALDI TOF/TOF, showed a molecular mass of 23,057.54Da and when alkylated and reduced, the mass is 23,830.40Da. Their peptides analyzed in MS (MALDI TOF\TOF) showed significant score when compared with those of other proteins by NCBI-BLAST2 alignment display. As regards their proteolytic activities, BleucMP efficiently acted on fibrinogen, fibrin, and was inhibited by EDTA and 1.10-phenanthroline. This enzyme was also able to decrease significantly the plasma fibrinogen level provoking blood incoagulability, however was devoid of hemorrhagic activity when tested in the mice skin and did not induce relevant biochemical, hematological and histopathological alterations in mice. The aspects addressed in this paper provide data on the effect of BleucMP in envenomation from B. leucurus snakes in order to better understand the effects caused by snake venom metalloproteinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Sérgio R Gomes
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil.
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Lu D, Scully M, Kakkar V, Lu X. ADAM-15 disintegrin-like domain structure and function. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:2411-27. [PMID: 22069559 PMCID: PMC3153164 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ADAM (a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase) proteins are a family of transmembrane cell-surface proteins with important functions in adhesion and proteolytic processing in all animals. Human ADAM-15 is the only member of the ADAM family with the integrin binding motif Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) in its disintegrin-like domain. This motif is also found in most snake venom disintegrins and other disintegrin-like proteins. This unique RGD motif within ADAM-15 serves as an integrin ligand binding site, through which it plays a pivotal role in interacting with integrin receptors, a large family of heterodimeric transmembrane glycoproteins. This manuscript will present a review of the RGD-containing disintegrin-like domain structures and the structural features responsible for their activity as antagonists of integrin function in relation to the canonical RGD template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Lu
- Thrombosis Research Institute, Manresa Road, London, SW3 6LR, UK; (D.L.); (M.S.); (V.K.)
- Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mike Scully
- Thrombosis Research Institute, Manresa Road, London, SW3 6LR, UK; (D.L.); (M.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Vijay Kakkar
- Thrombosis Research Institute, Manresa Road, London, SW3 6LR, UK; (D.L.); (M.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Xinjie Lu
- Thrombosis Research Institute, Manresa Road, London, SW3 6LR, UK; (D.L.); (M.S.); (V.K.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +44-0207-351-8312; Fax: +44-0207-351-8324
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Purification and characterization of a fibrinogenolytic and hemorrhagic metalloproteinase isolated from Vipera lebetina venom. Biochimie 2010; 92:797-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Baldo C, Jamora C, Yamanouye N, Zorn TM, Moura-da-Silva AM. Mechanisms of vascular damage by hemorrhagic snake venom metalloproteinases: tissue distribution and in situ hydrolysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010; 4:e727. [PMID: 20614020 PMCID: PMC2894137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Envenoming by viper snakes constitutes an important public health problem in Brazil and other developing countries. Local hemorrhage is an important symptom of these accidents and is correlated with the action of snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs). The degradation of vascular basement membrane has been proposed as a key event for the capillary vessel disruption. However, SVMPs that present similar catalytic activity towards extracellular matrix proteins differ in their hemorrhagic activity, suggesting that other mechanisms might be contributing to the accumulation of SVMPs at the snakebite area allowing capillary disruption. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this work, we compared the tissue distribution and degradation of extracellular matrix proteins induced by jararhagin (highly hemorrhagic SVMP) and BnP1 (weakly hemorrhagic SVMP) using the mouse skin as experimental model. Jararhagin induced strong hemorrhage accompanied by hydrolysis of collagen fibers in the hypodermis and a marked degradation of type IV collagen at the vascular basement membrane. In contrast, BnP1 induced only a mild hemorrhage and did not disrupt collagen fibers or type IV collagen. Injection of Alexa488-labeled jararhagin revealed fluorescent staining around capillary vessels and co-localization with basement membrane type IV collagen. The same distribution pattern was detected with jararhagin-C (disintegrin-like/cysteine-rich domains of jararhagin). In opposition, BnP1 did not accumulate in the tissues. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results show a particular tissue distribution of hemorrhagic toxins accumulating at the basement membrane. This probably occurs through binding to collagens, which are drastically hydrolyzed at the sites of hemorrhagic lesions. Toxin accumulation near blood vessels explains enhanced catalysis of basement membrane components, resulting in the strong hemorrhagic activity of SVMPs. This is a novel mechanism that underlies the difference between hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic SVMPs, improving the understanding of snakebite pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiani Baldo
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Colin Jamora
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Norma Yamanouye
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Telma M. Zorn
- Laboratório da Biologia da Reprodução e Matriz Extracelular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Gomes MSR, Mendes MM, de Oliveira F, de Andrade RM, Bernardes CP, Hamaguchi A, de Alcântara TM, Soares AM, Rodrigues VM, Homsi-Brandeburgo MI. BthMP: a new weakly hemorrhagic metalloproteinase from Bothrops moojeni snake venom. Toxicon 2009; 53:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Expression of mRNAs coding for VAP1/crotastatin-like metalloproteases in the venom glands of three South American pit vipers assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Toxicon 2008; 52:897-907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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