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Sevim C, Tsatsakis A, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Ozkaraca M, Kara M, Genc S, Mendil AS, Yeni Y, Nikolouzakis TK, Ozcagli E. Investigation of the miRNA levels changes to acceptable daily intake dose pesticide mixture exposure on rat mesentery and pancreas. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140712. [PMID: 38036224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Consumers are constantly exposed to a variety of chemical mixtures as part of their everyday activities and lifestyle. Food, water and commercial products are only some examples of the possible ways people get exposed to these mixtures. However, following federal and local guidelines for risk assessment related to chemical exposure, risk analysis focuses on a single substance exposure scenario and not on a mixture, as in real life. Realizing the pronounced gap of this methodology, the real-life risk simulation scenario approach tries to address this problem by investigating the possible effect of long-term exposure to chemical mixtures closely resembling the actual circumstances of modern life. As part of this effort, this study aimed to identify the cumulative effects of pesticides belonging to different classes and commonly used commercial products on long-term exposure with realistic doses. Sprague Dawley rats were given a pesticide mix of active ingredients and formulation chemicals in a daily acceptable dose (ADI) and 10xADI for 90 days. Following thorough everyday documentation of possible side-effects, after 90 days all animals were sacrificed and their organs were examined. Exposure to pesticides particularly affects the miRNA levels at that point will provide us with more information about whether they can be potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Sevim
- Deparment of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University , 37200, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Crete University, 71003, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Deparment of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Ozkaraca
- Deparment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Cumhuriyet University , 58070, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Mehtap Kara
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , 34116, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sidika Genc
- Deparment of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | - Ali Sefa Mendil
- Deparment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Erciyes University , 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Yesim Yeni
- Deparment of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Özal University, 44210, Malatya, Turkey.
| | | | - Eren Ozcagli
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , 34116, Istanbul, Turkey.
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2
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Docea AO, Cirstea AE, Cercelaru L, Drocas AI, Dinca V, Mesnage R, Marginean C, Radu A, Popa DG, Rogoveanu O, Mitrut R, Antoniou MN, Tsatsakis A, Hernández AF, Calina D. Effect of perinatal exposure to glyphosate and its mixture with 2,4-D and dicamba on rat dam kidney and thyroid function and offspring's health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116908. [PMID: 37597833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of the herbicide mixture of glyphosate, dicamba and 2-4-D to deal with glyphosate-resistant weeds raises concerns regarding human health and environmental risks. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of developmental exposure to glyphosate and a herbicide mixture containing glyphosate, dicamba and 2-4-D on rat dams' kidney and thyroid function and offspring's health. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed from day-6 of gestation till weaning to regulatory relevant doses of glyphosate corresponding to the European Union (EU) acceptable daily intake (ADI; 0.5 mg/kg bw/day), and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL; 50 mg/kg bw/day), and to a mixture of glyphosate, dicamba and 2,4-D all at the EU ADI (0.5, 0.002 and 0.3 mg/kg bw/day) respectively. After weaning the dams were sacrificed and blood and organs were collected. The pups' health was assessed by measuring viability, gestational and anogenital indices. Perinatal exposure to GLY alone and the herbicide mixture resulted in anti-androgenic effects in male offspring. In dams, exposure to glyphosate resulted in kidney glomerular and tubular dysfunction as well as increased thyroid hormone levels in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, exposure to the herbicide mixture resulted in effects similar to those observed with glyphosate at the NOAEL, suggesting at least an additive effect of the herbicide mixture at doses individually considered safe for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Andrei Eugen Cirstea
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Liliana Cercelaru
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Andrei Ioan Drocas
- Department of Urology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Viorica Dinca
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Robin Mesnage
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Cristina Marginean
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Antonia Radu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Dragos George Popa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Otilia Rogoveanu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Radu Mitrut
- Department of Cardiology, University and Emergency Hospital, 050098, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain; Health Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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3
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Lopes-Ferreira M, Farinha LRL, Costa YSO, Pinto FJ, Disner GR, da Rosa JGDS, Lima C. Pesticide-Induced Inflammation at a Glance. TOXICS 2023; 11:896. [PMID: 37999548 PMCID: PMC10675742 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of studies reporting the risks of the exposure to pesticides aligned with the intensified use of such hazardous chemicals has emerged as a pressing contemporary issue, notably due to the potential effects to both the environment and human health. Pesticides, while broadly applied in modern agriculture for pest control and crop protection, have raised concerns due to their unintended effects on non-target organisms. The immune system exerts a key role in the protection against the exposome, which could result in cellular imbalances and tissue damage through the inflammatory response. Pesticides, which encompass a diverse array of chemicals, have been linked to inflammation in experimental models. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the increasing concern over the risks of pesticide exposure focusing on the effects of various chemical classes on inflammation by covering, as broadly as possible, different experimental approaches as well as the multiple or co-exposure of pesticides. Overall, pesticides potentially induce inflammation in different experimental models, manifested through skin irritation, respiratory impairment, or systemic effects. The connection between pesticides and inflammation highlights the importance of proper handling and regulation of these substances and underscores the need for research into safer and sustainable practices to reduce our reliance on synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503900, Brazil; (L.R.L.F.); (Y.S.O.C.); (F.J.P.); (G.R.D.); (J.G.d.S.d.R.); (C.L.)
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4
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Dinca V, Docea AO, Drocas AI, Nikolouzakis TK, Stivaktakis PD, Nikitovic D, Golokhvast KS, Hernandez AF, Calina D, Tsatsakis A. A mixture of 13 pesticides, contaminants, and food additives below individual NOAELs produces histopathological and organ weight changes in rats. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1285-1298. [PMID: 36892595 PMCID: PMC10110652 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The current approach for the risk assessment of chemicals does not account for the complex human real-life exposure scenarios. Exposure to chemical mixtures in everyday life has raised scientific, regulatory, and societal concerns in recent years. Several studies aiming to identify the safety limits of chemical mixtures determined hazardous levels lower than those of separate chemicals. Following these observations, this study built on the standards set by the real-life risk simulation (RLRS) scenario and investigated the effect of long-term exposure (18 months) to a mixture of 13 chemicals (methomyl, triadimefon, dimethoate, glyphosate, carbaryl, methyl parathion, aspartame, sodium benzoate, EDTA, ethylparaben, butylparaben, bisphenol A and acacia gum) in adult rats. Animals were divided into four dosing groups [0xNOAEL (control), 0.0025xNOAEL (low dose-LD), 0.01xNOAEL (medium dose-MD) and 0.05xNOAEL (high dose-HD) (mg/kg BW/day)]. After 18 months of exposure, all animals were sacrificed, and their organs were harvested, weighed, and pathologically examined. While organ weight tended to be higher in males than in females, when sex and dose were taken into account, lungs and hearts from female rats had significantly greater weight than that of males. This discrepancy was more obvious in the LD group. Histopathology showed that long-term exposure to the chemical mixture selected for this study caused dose-dependent changes in all examined organs. The main organs that contribute to chemical biotransformation and clearance (liver, kidneys, and lungs) consistently presented histopathological changes following exposure to the chemical mixture. In conclusion, exposure to very low doses (below the NOAEL) of the tested mixture for 18 months induced histopathological lesions and cytotoxic effects in a dose and tissue-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorica Dinca
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Andrei Ioan Drocas
- Department of Urology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | | | | | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71303, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kirill S Golokhvast
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnology RAS, Krasnoobsk, Russia
| | - Antonio F Hernandez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniela Calina
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece.
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Probiotic cultures as a potential protective strategy against the toxicity of environmentally relevant chemicals: State-of-the-art knowledge. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113582. [PMID: 36581092 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Environmentally relevant toxic substances may affect human health, provoking numerous harmful effects on central nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine and reproductive system, and even cause various types of carcinoma. These substances, to which general population is constantly and simultaneously exposed, enter human body via food and water, but also by inhalation and dermal contact, while accumulating evidence suggests that probiotic cultures are able to efficiently adsorb and/or degrade them. Cell wall of probiotic bacteria/fungi, which contains structures such as exopolysaccharide, teichoic acid, protein and peptidoglycan components, is considered the main place of toxic substances adsorption. Moreover, probiotics are able to induce metabolism and degradation of various toxic substances, making them less toxic and more suitable for elimination. Other probable in vivo protective effects have also been suggested, including decreased intestinal absorption and increased excretion of toxic substances, prevented gut microbial dysbiosis, increase in the intestinal mucus secretion, decreased production of reactive oxygen species, reduction of inflammation, etc. Having all of this in mind, this review aims to summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the potential protective effects of different probiotic strains against environmentally relevant toxic substances (mycotoxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, phthalates, bisphenol A and toxic metals).
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6
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Elcombe CS, Evans NP, Bellingham M. Critical review and analysis of literature on low dose exposure to chemical mixtures in mammalian in vivo systems. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:221-238. [PMID: 35894754 PMCID: PMC9530410 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2091423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic chemicals are ubiquitous throughout the environment. Consequentially, humans are exposed to hundreds of anthropogenic chemicals daily. Current chemical risk assessments are primarily based on testing individual chemicals in rodents at doses that are orders of magnitude higher than that of human exposure. The potential risk from exposure to mixtures of chemicals is calculated using mathematical models of mixture toxicity based on these analyses. These calculations, however, do not account for synergistic or antagonistic interactions between co-exposed chemicals. While proven examples of chemical synergy in mixtures at low doses are rare, there is increasing evidence that, through non-conformance to current mixture toxicity models, suggests synergy. This review examined the published studies that have investigated exposure to mixtures of chemicals at low doses in mammalian in vivo systems. Only seven identified studies were sufficient in design to directly examine the appropriateness of current mixture toxicity models, of which three showed responses significantly greater than additivity model predictions. While the remaining identified studies were unable to provide evidence of synergistic toxicity, it became apparent that many results of such studies were not always explicable by current mixture toxicity models. Additionally, two data gaps were identified. Firstly, there is a lack of studies where individual chemical components of a complex mixture (>10 components) are tested in parallel to the chemical mixture. Secondly, there is a lack of dose-response data for mixtures of chemicals at low doses. Such data is essential to address the appropriateness and validity of future chemical mixture toxicity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris S Elcombe
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil P Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michelle Bellingham
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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7
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Karaulov AV, Smolyagin AI, Mikhailova IV, Stadnikov AA, Ermolina EV, Filippova YV, Kuzmicheva NA, Vlata Z, Djordjevic AB, Tsitsimpikou C, Hartung T, Hernandez AF, Tsatsakis A. Assessment of the combined effects of chromium and benzene on the rat neuroendocrine and immune systems. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112096. [PMID: 34619121 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and lymphoid organs (thymus, spleen, and bone marrow) of Wistar rats treated with a mixture of chromium and benzene. Animals were assessed at three time-points (45, 90 and 135 days) following oral mixture exposure. The hypothalamus-pituitary system was examined in light and electron microscopy. Lymphoid organs underwent a morphological assessment and the immunophenotype of splenocytes was characterized immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies. Splenocytes cytokine production of was determined by ELISA after Con-A stimulation. Combined exposure to chromium and benzene in average doses of 20 mg Cr (VI)/kg body weight/day and 0.6 ml benzene/kg body weight/day impaired the responsiveness of the central compartment of the HPA axis, as evidenced by functional activation of the secretory activity of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which was not followed by a sufficient extrusion of nonapeptides at the neurohypophysis and hypothalamic median eminence. Chromium and benzene exposure reduced the thymus mass, thymocytes count, and caused a number of structural and functional changes indicative of transient thymus involution. In the spleen, exposure to both chemicals resulted in lymphoreticular hyperplasia and plasma cell-macrophage transformation (also observed in lymph nodes). Apoptosis of thymocytes and lymphocytes was also observed in T-zones of the spleen. Notably, the effects were similar to those observed earlier for the single agents, under the same experimental conditions, without evidence of additivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Viktorovich Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya Street, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Irina Valeryevna Mikhailova
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Street, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Abramovich Stadnikov
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Street, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | | | - Yulia Vladimirovna Filippova
- Fundamental Research Laboratory, Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Street, 460000, Orenburg, Russia; Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Street, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Aleksandrovna Kuzmicheva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Street, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Zacharenia Vlata
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100 GR-70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Thomas Hartung
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health & Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, 615 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21212, USA; Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Antonio F Hernandez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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A Mixture of Endocrine Disruptors and the Pesticide Roundup ® Induce Oxidative Stress in Rabbit Liver When Administered under the Long-Term Low-Dose Regimen: Reinforcing the Notion of Real-Life Risk Simulation. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040190. [PMID: 35448451 PMCID: PMC9029199 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to xenobiotic mixtures daily through the long-term, low-dose regimen. Investigations designed to simulate this exposure profile approach the real-life risk simulation (RLRS) idea of modern toxicology. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of 12-month exposure of New Zealand rabbits to a xenobiotic mixture comprising seven endocrine disruptors (EDs), which are chemical substances raising great concerns for human health, as well as the herbicide glyphosate, and its commercial formulation Roundup®, on blood and tissues redox status. It is reported herein that at the systemic level, the administration of the EDs mixture induced perturbations of blood redox homeostasis at 3 months, whereas at 6 and 12 months, it activated redox adaptations. Contrariwise, exposure to glyphosate and Roundup®, individually, caused mainly disturbances of blood redox equilibrium. At the tissue level, particularly in the liver, the administration of both the EDs mixture and Roundup® induced oxidative stress, whereas glyphosate did not affect it. The RLRS notion appears to be confirmed through these findings. Indeed, the administration of the EDs mixture and Roundup®, under the long-term, low-dose regimen, elicited detrimental effects on the redox status of the liver, a crucial tissue with a valuable biological role in the detoxification of organisms from xenobiotics.
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Sarkar C, Chaudhary P, Jamaddar S, Janmeda P, Mondal M, Mubarak MS, Islam MT. Redox Activity of Flavonoids: Impact on Human Health, Therapeutics, and Chemical Safety. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:140-162. [PMID: 35045245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cost-effectiveness of presently used therapies is a problem in overall redox-based management, which is posing a significant financial burden on communities across the world. As a result, sophisticated treatment models that provide notions of predictive diagnoses followed by targeted preventive therapies adapted to individual patient profiles are gaining global acclaim as being beneficial to patients, the healthcare sector, and society as a whole. In this context, natural flavonoids were considered due to their multifaceted antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects as well as their low toxicity and ease of availability. The aim of this review is to focus on the capacity of flavonoids to modulate the responsiveness of various diseases and ailments associated with redox toxicity. The review will also focus on the flavonoids' pathway-based redox activity and the advancement of redox-based therapies as well as flavonoids' antioxidant characteristics and their influence on human health, therapeutics, and chemical safety. Research findings indicated that flavonoids significantly exhibit various redox-based therapeutic responses against several diseases such as inflammatory, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and hepatic diseases and various types of cancer by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 transcription system, suppressing the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/IκB kinase inflammatory pathway, abrogating the function of the Hsp90/Hsf1 complex, inhibiting the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway, and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Some flavonoids, especially genistein, apigenin, amentoflavone, baicalein, quercetin, licochalcone A, and biochanin A, play a potential role in redox regulation. Conclusions of this review on the antioxidant aspects of flavonoids highlight the medicinal and folk values of these compounds against oxidative stress and various diseases and ailments. In short, treatment with flavonoids could be a novel therapeutic invention in clinical trials, as we hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Priya Chaudhary
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Sarmin Jamaddar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Pracheta Janmeda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Milon Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
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10
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Agathokleous E, Barceló D, Iavicoli I, Tsatsakis A, Calabrese EJ. Disinfectant-induced hormesis: An unknown environmental threat of the application of disinfectants to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118429. [PMID: 34743965 PMCID: PMC8553406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Massive additional quantities of disinfectants have been applied during the COVID-19 pandemic as infection preventive and control measures. While the application of disinfectants plays a key role in preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the effects of disinfectants applied during the ongoing pandemic on non-target organisms remain unknown. Here we collated evidence from multiple studies showing that chemicals used for major disinfectant products can induce hormesis in various organisms, such as plants, animal cells, and microorganisms, when applied singly or in mixtures, suggesting potential ecological risks at sub-threshold doses that are normally considered safe. Among other effects, sub-threshold doses of disinfectant chemicals can enhance the proliferation and pathogenicity of pathogenic microbes, enhancing the development and spread of drug resistance. We opine that hormesis should be considered when evaluating the effects and risks of such disinfectants, especially since the linear-no-threshold (LNT) and threshold dose-response models cannot identify or predict their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Ningliu Rd. 219, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210044, China.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research, ICRA-CERCA, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | | | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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11
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Baralić K, Bozic D, Živančević K, Milenković M, Javorac D, Marić Đ, Antonijević Miljaković E, Buha Djordjevic A, Vukomanović P, Ćurčić M, Bulat Z, Antonijević B, Đukić-Ćosić D. Integrating in silico with in vivo approach to investigate phthalate and bisphenol A mixture-linked asthma development: Positive probiotic intervention. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112671. [PMID: 34793900 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of bis(2- ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and bisphenol A (BPA) mixture-induced asthma development and test probiotic as a potential positive intervention. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and ToppGene Suite were used as the main tools for in silico analysis. In vivo 28-day experiment was conducted on rats - seven groups (n = 6): (1) Control: corn oil, (2) P: probiotic (8.78 * 108 CFU/kg/day); (3) DEHP: 50 mg/kg b.w./day, (4) DBP: 50 mg/kg b.w./day, (5) BPA: 25 mg/kg b.w./day; (6) MIX: DEHP + DBP + BPA; (7) MIX + P. Lungs, thymus and kidneys were extracted and prepared for redox status and essential metals analysis. By conducting additional in vitro experiment, probiotic phthalate and BPA binding ability was explored. There were 24 DEHP, DBP and BPA asthma-related genes, indicating the three most probable mechanisms - apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. In vivo experiment confirmed that significant changes in redox status/essential metal parameters were either prominent, or only present in the MIX group, indicating possible additive effects. In vitro experiment confirmed the ability of the multy-strain probiotic to bind DEHP/DBP/BPA mixture, while probiotic administration ameliorated mixture-induced changes in rat tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragica Bozic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Živančević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Milenković
- Department of Drug Analysis, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Public Health of Serbia Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut, dr Subotića 5, 112113, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Javorac
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đurđica Marić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evica Antonijević Miljaković
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Vukomanović
- Medical Sanitary School of Applied Sciences "Visan", 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Ćurčić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
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12
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Mesnage R, Brandsma I, Moelijker N, Zhang G, Antoniou MN. Genotoxicity evaluation of 2,4-D, dicamba and glyphosate alone or in combination with cell reporter assays for DNA damage, oxidative stress and unfolded protein response. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112601. [PMID: 34626751 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The current generation of carcinogenicity tests is often insufficient to predict cancer outcomes from pesticide exposures. In order to facilitate health risk assessment, The International Agency for Research on Cancer identified 10 key characteristics which are commonly exhibited by human carcinogens. The ToxTracker panel of six validated GFP-based mouse embryonic stem reporter cell lines is designed to measure a number of these carcinogenic properties namely DNA damage, oxidative stress and the unfolded protein response. Here we present an evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of the herbicides glyphosate, 2,4-D and dicamba either alone or in combination, using the ToxTracker assay system. The pesticide 2,4-D was found to be a strong inducer of oxidative stress and an unfolded protein response. Dicamba induced a mild oxidative stress response, whilst glyphosate did not elicit a positive outcome in any of the assays. The results from a mixture of the three herbicides was primarily an oxidative stress response, which was most likely due to 2,4-D with dicamba or glyphosate only playing a minor role. These findings provide initial information regarding the risk assessment of carcinogenic effects arising from exposure to a mixture of these herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mesnage
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Inger Brandsma
- Toxys, De Limes 7, 2342, DH, Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gaonan Zhang
- Toxys, De Limes 7, 2342, DH, Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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13
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Ara C, Yaseen F, Ali S, Shakir HA, Khan M, Andleeb S, Ramzan N. Evaluation of sex steroid hormones and reproductive irregularities in diethyl phthalate-exposed premature mice: modulatory effect of raw honey against potential anomalies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55265-55276. [PMID: 34129163 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates, plasticizing chemicals, are top-rated environmental contaminants. Diethyl phthalate (DEP), a chief member of this family, was declared a potent endocrine disruptor and carcinogen in animals and humans. The current study was designed to explore the probable reproductive damage induced by DEP and the therapeutic efficacy of raw honey in male albino mice. Four-week-old 50 male mice were randomized equally in five groups, as control (C) received 0.1 ml distilled water; vehicle control (VC) received corn oil (0.1 ml/mouse); DEP (3mg/g/BW) dissolved in corn oil; honey control (HC) administered with honey (0.2 mg/g/day); and phthalate plus honey (P+H) administered with DEP and honey (3mg and 0.2 mg/g/BW/day respectively). Mice were treated through oral gavage for 54 days routinely, acclimatized for 6 days, and dissected. In the first instance, the antioxidant potential and total phenolic contents (TPC) of honey were analyzed through ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and Folin-Ciocalteu assay to confirm the antioxidant capacity of honey. The morphological, morphometric, histological, micrometric, sperm count, and hormonal analyses, and antioxidant capacity test in tissue homogenates were conducted by using tissues (testis, epididymis) and blood samples of mice. Mice exposed to DEP have a significant increase in body weight, LH level, and seminiferous tubule lumen diameter and decrease in the gonado-somatic index, testosterone level, sperm count, and seminiferous tubule diameter. Additionally, histopathology of testes showed interstitial space dilations, exfoliations, Leydig cell atrophy, germ cell degenerations, and spermatid retention in DEP-exposed testes sections. However, concomitant use of honey and DEP had shown a significant improvement in histopathological lesions, steroid hormone levels, and healthy sperm count. By these results, it is concluded that honey possessed antioxidant potential that can efficiently protect DEP-induced anomalies in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaman Ara
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Yaseen
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | - Muhammad Khan
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Andleeb
- Department of Zoology, University of Education, Bank Road Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nageena Ramzan
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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14
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Abd-Elhakim YM, El Sharkawy NI, El Bohy KM, Hassan MA, Gharib HSA, El-Metwally AE, Arisha AH, Imam TS. Iprodione and/or chlorpyrifos exposure induced testicular toxicity in adult rats by suppression of steroidogenic genes and SIRT1/TERT/PGC-1α pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:56491-56506. [PMID: 34060014 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is cumulative evidence that iprodione (IPR) fungicide and chlorpyrifos (CPF) insecticide are endocrine disruptors that can evoke reproductive toxicity. Yet, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Besides, the outcomes of their co-exposure to male sexual behavior and male fertility are still unknown. The effects of IPR (200 mg/kg b.wt) and CPF (7.45 mg/kg b.wt) single or mutual exposure for 65 days on sexual behavior, sex hormones, testicular enzymes, testis, and accessory sex gland histomorphometric measurements, apoptosis, and oxidative stress biomarkers were investigated. In addition, expression of nuclear receptor subfamily group A (NR5A1), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD17B3), silent information regulator type-1 (SIRT1), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) genes has been assessed. Our results revealed that the individual or concurrent IPR and CPF exposure significantly disturb the sexual behavior, semen characteristics, testicular enzymes, and male hormones level. Oxidative stress caused by IPR and CPF activates apoptosis by inducing Caspase-3 and reducing Bcl-2. Downregulation of HSD17B3, NR5A1, and SIRT1/TERT/PGC-1α pathway was evident. Of note, most of these disturbances were exaggerated in rats co-exposed to IPR and CPF compared to IPR or CPF alone. Conclusively, our findings verified that IPR and CPF possibly damage the male reproductive system, and concurrent exposure should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nabela I El Sharkawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khlood M El Bohy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona A Hassan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Heba S A Gharib
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abeer E El-Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tamer S Imam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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15
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Elcombe CS, Monteiro A, Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolaei M, Evans NP, Bellingham M. Morphological and transcriptomic alterations in neonatal lamb testes following developmental exposure to low-level environmental chemical mixture. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:103670. [PMID: 33964400 PMCID: PMC8316325 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to anthropogenic environmental chemical mixtures could be contributing to the decline in male reproductive health. This study used the biosolid treated pasture (BTP) sheep model to assess the effects of exposure to low-dose chemical mixtures. Maternal BTP exposure was associated with lower plasma testosterone concentrations, a greater proportion of Sertoli cell-only seminiferous tubules, and fewer gonocytes in the testes of neonatal offspring. Transcriptome analysis highlighted changes in testicular mTOR signalling, including lower expression of two mTOR complex components. Transcriptomic hierarchical analysis relative to the phenotypic severity demonstrated distinct differential responses to maternal BTP exposure during pregnancy. Transcriptome analysis between phenotypically normal and abnormal BTP lambs demonstrated separate responses within the cAMP and PI3K signalling pathways towards CREB. Together, the results provide a potential mechanistic explanation for adverse effects. Exposure could lower gonocyte numbers through mTOR mediated autophagy, but CREB mediated survival factors may act to increase germ cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris S Elcombe
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
| | - Ana Monteiro
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Mohammad Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolaei
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil P Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Michelle Bellingham
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
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16
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Baralić K, Živančević K, Jorgovanović D, Javorac D, Radovanović J, Gojković T, Buha Djordjevic A, Ćurčić M, Mandinić Z, Bulat Z, Antonijević B, Đukić-Ćosić D. Probiotic reduced the impact of phthalates and bisphenol A mixture on type 2 diabetes mellitus development: Merging bioinformatics with in vivo analysis. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112325. [PMID: 34097988 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Linkage between bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and bisphenol A (BPA) co-exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as ability of multi-strained probiotic to reduce DEHP, DBP and BPA mixture-induced oxidative damage in rat pancreas were investigated. The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, Cytoscape software and ToppGene Suite were used for data-mining. Animals were sorted into seven groups (n = 6): (1) Control group: corn oil, (2) P: probiotic: Saccharomyces boulardii + Lactobacillus rhamnosus + Lactobacillus plantarum LP 6595 + Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL9; (3) DEHP: 50 mg/kg b.w./day, (4) DBP: 50 mg/kg b.w./day, (5) BPA: 25 mg/kg b.w./day, and (6) MIX: 50 mg/kg b.w./day DEHP + 50 mg/kg b.w/day DBP + 25 mg/kg b.w./day BPA; (7) MIX + P. Rats were sacrificed after 28 days of oral exposure. In silico investigation highlighted 44 DEHP, DBP and BPA mutual genes linked to the T2DM, while apoptosis and oxidative stress were highlighted as the main mechanisms of DEHP, DBP and BPA mixture-linked T2DM. In vivo experiment confirmed the presence of significant changes in redox status parameters (TOS, SOD and SH groups) only in the MIX group, indicating possible additive effects, while probiotic ameliorated mixture-induced redox status changes in rat pancreatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Živančević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragica Jorgovanović
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Javorac
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Radovanović
- Clinic for Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Gojković
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Ćurčić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Mandinić
- Clinic for Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
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17
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The EU endocrine disruptors' regulation and the glyphosate controversy. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1193-1199. [PMID: 34150528 PMCID: PMC8193069 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors are compounds that alter the functioning of the endocrine system of humans and wildlife. Regulation 2017/2100 and Regulation 2018/605. Glyphosate as Endocrine Disruptor. EU EDs Regulation and pesticide legislation.
Endocrine disruptors are compounds that alter the functioning of the endocrine system of humans and wildlife. A large number of chemicals have been identified as EDs and humans can be exposed to them through dietary and/or environmental exposure (air, water, soil). At international level, scientific discussion on the topic of EDs focuses on the issue of setting out the scientific criteria according to which the key properties of these substances that render them EDs are determined. Regulatory action in EU has been impacted by the aforementioned discussion and, in particular, Regulation 2017/2100 and Regulation 2018/605 have been issued. However, these scientific criteria do not constitute a complete framework for the detection of EDs and, therefore, their adoption does not entail a fully effective human health protection. Moreover, glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH), are the most widely used pesticides worldwide. The glyphosate controversy turned the spotlight on pesticide regulation in the EU. The disagreement between IARC and regulatory evaluations of EFSA/ECHA has received great attention of citizens, organizations and stakeholders, as a result of methodological differences in the evaluation of the available evidence have been identified. This paper outlines the glyphosate controversy, following an overview of the EU EDs Regulation and pesticide legislation.
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18
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Tsatsakis A, Tyshko NV, Goumenou M, Shestakova SI, Sadykova EO, Zhminchenko VM, Zlatian O, Calina D, Pashorina VA, Nikitin NS, Trebukh MD, Loginova MS, Trushina EN, Mustafina OK, Avrenyeva LI, Guseva GV, Trusov NV, Kravchenko LV, Hernández AF, Docea AO. Detrimental effects of 6 months exposure to very low doses of a mixture of six pesticides associated with chronic vitamin deficiency on rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112188. [PMID: 33836210 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term low-dose effects of exposure to a mixture of 6 pesticide active substances (diquat, imazamox, imazethapyr, tepraloxydin, bentazone, acifluorfen) and to elucidate if chronic vitamin deficiency can influence their toxicity. Two hundred Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups: a vitamin-sufficiency control group, a vitamin-deficiency control group, a vitamin sufficiency test group and a vitamin-deficiency test group. The test groups were treated with the aforementioned pesticides at doses 100 times lower than the corresponding NOAEL. After 6 months, ten rats from each group were sacrificed and a complete evaluation of blood and urine biochemistry, biomarkers of oxidative stress, xenobiotic detoxification enzymes and lysosomal enzymes and organ histopathology was performed. The pesticides mixture and vitamin deficiency determined an increase in alkaline phosphatase levels and urinary calcium levels, abnormal serum lipid profile, and a decrease of total blood proteins levels, red blood cells, haematocrit and haemoglobin. The combination of the two stressors up-regulated CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1 and GST levels. This study provides a new proof for the need to move forward from single chemical testing to a more complex approach to account for the multitude of stressors that can challenge the setting of real safety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Nadezhda V Tyshko
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Goumenou
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; General Chemical State Laboratory of Greek Republic, 71202, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Svetlana I Shestakova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - El'vira O Sadykova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin M Zhminchenko
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ovidiu Zlatian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova, 200349, Romania.
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Valentina A Pashorina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolaj S Nikitin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina D Trebukh
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S Loginova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eleanora N Trushina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana K Mustafina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila I Avrenyeva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina V Guseva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita V Trusov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidiya V Kravchenko
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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19
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Mesnage R, Teixeira M, Mandrioli D, Falcioni L, Ibragim M, Ducarmon QR, Zwittink RD, Amiel C, Panoff JM, Bourne E, Savage E, Mein CA, Belpoggi F, Antoniou MN. Multi-omics phenotyping of the gut-liver axis reveals metabolic perturbations from a low-dose pesticide mixture in rats. Commun Biol 2021; 4:471. [PMID: 33854195 PMCID: PMC8046807 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01990-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Health effects of pesticides are not always accurately detected using the current battery of regulatory toxicity tests. We compared standard histopathology and serum biochemistry measures and multi-omics analyses in a subchronic toxicity test of a mixture of six pesticides frequently detected in foodstuffs (azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorpyrifos, glyphosate, imidacloprid and thiabendazole) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Analysis of water and feed consumption, body weight, histopathology and serum biochemistry showed little effect. Contrastingly, serum and caecum metabolomics revealed that nicotinamide and tryptophan metabolism were affected, which suggested activation of an oxidative stress response. This was not reflected by gut microbial community composition changes evaluated by shotgun metagenomics. Transcriptomics of the liver showed that 257 genes had their expression changed. Gene functions affected included the regulation of response to steroid hormones and the activation of stress response pathways. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of the same liver samples showed that 4,255 CpG sites were differentially methylated. Overall, we demonstrated that in-depth molecular profiling in laboratory animals exposed to low concentrations of pesticides allows the detection of metabolic perturbations that would remain undetected by standard regulatory biochemical measures and which could thus improve the predictability of health risks from exposure to chemical pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mesnage
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maxime Teixeira
- UR Aliments Bioprocédés Toxicologie Environnements, EA 4651, University of Caen Normandy (UCN), Caen, France
| | | | | | - Mariam Ibragim
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Quinten Raymond Ducarmon
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Romy Daniëlle Zwittink
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Amiel
- UR Aliments Bioprocédés Toxicologie Environnements, EA 4651, University of Caen Normandy (UCN), Caen, France
| | - Jean-Michel Panoff
- UR Aliments Bioprocédés Toxicologie Environnements, EA 4651, University of Caen Normandy (UCN), Caen, France
| | - Emma Bourne
- Genome Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - Emanuel Savage
- Genome Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - Charles A Mein
- Genome Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Michael N Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
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20
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Sarigiannis DA, Handakas EJ, Karakitsios SP, Gotti A. Life cycle assessment of municipal waste management options. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110307. [PMID: 33065069 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To date, landfilling remains the most common waste management practice in Greece in spite of enforced regulations aiming at increasing recycling, pre-selection of waste and energy and material recovery. In this study, selected alternative scenarios aiming at minimizing the unused material fraction to be disposed of in landfills are analyzed, using the life cycle assessment methodology. The methodology was applied in the case of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Athens and Thessaloniki, with a special focus on energy and material balance, including potential global and local scale airborne emissions. Results are given in the form of indices efficiency, effectiveness, environmental and public health impacts. Material flow accounting, gross energy requirement, emergy intensity, emission and release intensity and morbidity or mortality indicators have been used to support the comparative assessment. However, not all options are equally benign to the local environment and to the health of the local population, since both the former and the latter are still affected by non-negligible local emissions. With regard to public health impacts, adverse effects on respiratory health, congenital malformations, low birth weight and cancer incidence were estimated. A significant and not intuitive result is the fact that life cycle analysis produces different conclusions than a simple environmental impact assessment based only on estimated or measured emissions. Taking into account the overall life cycle of both the waste streams and of the technological systems and facilities envisaged alters the relative attractiveness of the solutions considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Sarigiannis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, University Campus, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Bldg. B, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001, Greece; School for Advanced Study (IUSS), Science, Technology and Society Department, Environmental Health Engineering, Piazza Della Vittoria 15, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - E J Handakas
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, University Campus, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - S P Karakitsios
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, University Campus, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Bldg. B, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001, Greece
| | - A Gotti
- EUCENTRE, Via Adolfo Ferrata, 1, Pavia, 27100, Italy
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21
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Hormesis and Ginkgo biloba (GB): Numerous biological effects of GB are mediated via hormesis. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101019. [PMID: 31931153 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba (GB) extracts have been shown to commonly induce biphasic dose responses in a range of cell types and endpoints (e.g., cochlea neural stem cells, cell viability, cell proliferation). The magnitude and width of the low dose stimulation of these biphasic dose responses are similar to those reported for hormetic dose responses. These hormetic dose responses occur within direct stimulatory responses as well as in preconditioning experimental protocols, displaying acquired resistance within an adaptive homeodynamic and temporal framework and repeated measurement protocols. The demonstrated GB dose responses further reflect the general occurrence of hormetic dose responses that consistently appear to be independent of the biological model, endpoint, inducing agent, and/or mechanism. These findings have important implications for consideration(s) of study designs involving dose selection, dose spacing, sample size, and statistical power. This illustrates and strengthens the need to characterize the low dose stimulatory response range and optimal dose in order to explore potential public health and clinical applications of plant-derived agents, such as GB.
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22
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Aloizou AM, Siokas V, Sapouni EM, Sita N, Liampas I, Brotis AG, Rakitskii VN, Burykina TI, Aschner M, Bogdanos DP, Tsatsakis A, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Dardiotis E. Parkinson's disease and pesticides: Are microRNAs the missing link? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140591. [PMID: 32721662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that leads to significant morbidity and decline in the quality of life. It develops due to loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and among its pathogenic factors oxidative stress plays a critical role in disease progression. Pesticides are a broad class of chemicals widely used in agriculture and households for the protection of crops from insects and fungi. Several of them have been incriminated as risk factors for PD, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play an important role in regulating mRNA translation and protein synthesis. miRNA levels have been shown to be affected in several diseases as well. Since the studies on the association between pesticides and PD have yet to reach definitive conclusions, here we review recent evidence on deregulated microRNAs upon pesticide exposure, and attempt to find an overlap between miRNAs deregulated in PD and pesticides, as a missing link between the two, and enhance future research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Efstathia-Maria Sapouni
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Sita
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Liampas
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexandros G Brotis
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Valerii N Rakitskii
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Oblast' 141014, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana I Burykina
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael Aschner
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis 40500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Oblast' 141014, Russian Federation; Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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23
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Heavy metal and pesticide levels in dairy products: Evaluation of human health risk. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111844. [PMID: 33152470 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cattle milk's health benefits can be compromised by the presence of contaminants. The levels of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc, and residues of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were determined in soil, milk and cheese samples collected from cow farms from 3 Romanian areas with industrial and agriculture tradition. A new methodology was applied for the determination of the corrected estimated daily intake (cEDI) corresponding to the aggregate dietary exposure. For the risk assessment, we calculated the source hazard quotient (HQs) for each contaminant and the adversity specific hazard index (HIA). Cadmium, copper, lead and zinc, and the sum of DDT levels in soil samples were below maximum residue levels (MRLs). The MRLs of lead and DDD were exceeded in milk and cheese samples from all the 3 areas. The MRLs of copper and zinc were exceeded in cheese samples from area 2 and 3. HQs >10 for lead indicates increased risk, while HQ > 1 for copper and sum of DDT indicates moderate risk for both milk and cheese. By calculating the HIA, we identified a moderate and increase risk for nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, hematotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and reproduction toxicity after consumption of the dairy products from the 3 areas.
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24
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Doğanlar O, Doğanlar ZB, Kurtdere AK, Chasan T, Ok ES. Chronic exposure of human glioblastoma tumors to low concentrations of a pesticide mixture induced multidrug resistance against chemotherapy agents. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110940. [PMID: 32800223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that chronic, low-dose exposure to mixtures of pesticides can cause adverse responses in a variety of cells, tissues and organs, although interactions between pesticides circulating in the blood and cancer cells remain largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of a mixture of four pesticides to induce multidrug resistance against the chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and temozolomide in the human U87 glioblastoma cell line, and to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance. We found that the repeated administration of the pesticide mixture (containing the insecticides chlorpyrifos-ethyl and deltamethrin, the fungicide metiram, and the herbicide glyphosate) induced a strong drug resistance in U87 cells. The resistance was durable and transferred to subsequent cell generations. In addition, we detected a significant over-expression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) membrane transporters P-gp/ABCB1 and BRCP/ABCG2 as well as a glutathione-S-transferase (GST)/M1-type cellular detoxification function, known to have important roles in multidrug resistance, thus providing molecular support for the acquired multidrug resistance phenotype and shedding light on the mechanism of resistance. We further determined that there was lower mortality in the resistant brain tumor cells and that the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was activated at a lower rate after chemotherapy compared to non-resistant control cells. In addition, multidrug-resistant cells were found to have both higher motility and wound-healing properties, suggesting a greater metastatic potential. Our results suggest that the investigation of P-gp, BRCP and GST/M1 multidrug resistance gene expression and/or protein levels in biopsy specimens of brain tumor patients who were at risk of pesticide exposure could be beneficial in determining chemotherapy dose and prolonging patient survival.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cisplatin
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Glioblastoma/genetics
- Glioblastoma/pathology
- Humans
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/pharmacology
- Pesticides/toxicity
- Toxicity Tests, Chronic
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Banu Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Kardelen Kurtdere
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
| | - Tourkian Chasan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
| | - Esma Seben Ok
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
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25
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Kostoff RN, Briggs MB, Porter AL, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A. [Comment] COVID‑19 vaccine safety. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1599-1602. [PMID: 33000193 PMCID: PMC7521561 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic, a global competition to develop an anti-COVID-19 vaccine has ensued. The targeted time frame for initial vaccine deployment is late 2020. The present article examines whether short-term, mid-term, and long-term vaccine safety can be achieved under such an accelerated schedule, given the myriad vaccine-induced mechanisms that have demonstrated adverse effects based on previous clinical trials and laboratory research. It presents scientific evidence of potential pitfalls associated with eliminating critical phase II and III clinical trials, and concludes that there is no substitute currently available for long-term human clinical trials to ensure long-term human safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald N Kostoff
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Gainesville, VA 20155, USA
| | | | - Alan L Porter
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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26
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Minigalieva IA, Shtin TN, Makeyev OH, Panov VG, Privalova LI, Gurvic VB, Sutunkova MP, Bushueva TV, Sakhautdinova RR, Klinova SV, Solovyeva SN, Chernyshov IN, Shuman EA, Korotkov AA, Katsnelson BA. Some outcomes and a hypothetical mechanism of combined lead and benzo(a)pyrene intoxication, and its alleviation with a complex of bioprotectors. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:986-994. [PMID: 32874921 PMCID: PMC7451791 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats were injected repeatedly intraperitoneally with lead acetate and/or benzo(а)pyrene solutions in various dose ratios. Under combined exposure the organism load with benzo(а)pyrene was increased while that with its metabolites reduced. The genotoxic effect of the combined exposure was higher than that of benzo(a)pyrene alone. This effect was inhibited by a complex of antitoxic bioprotectors.
Rats were exposed 3 times a week during 6 weeks to repeated intraperitoneal injections of lead acetate solution in water (Pb) and/or benzo(а)pyrene solution in petrolatum oil (B(а)P) in various dose ratios. Towards the end of the period, the animals developed a moderate subchronic intoxication having some features characteristic of lead effects. The type of combined toxicity estimated with the help of isoboles constructed by the Response Surface Methodology was found to be varied depending on a particular effect, its level, and dose ratio. However, Pb and B(a)P in combination often displayed an additive or even superadditive action. In the group exposed to this combination compared with the group of rats exposed to B(a)P alone, its concentration in the organism was increased while the concentration of some B(a)P oxidative metabolism products was reduced. Such inhibition of B(a)P biotransformation, assumingly associated with impaired heme and, thus, cytochrome P450 synthesis induced by lead intoxication, can serve as an explanation for certain enhancement of the genotoxic effect of B(a)P. This effect was not present in the same combined intoxication if a complex of antitoxic bioprotectors was being administered in the background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilzira A Minigalieva
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Shtin
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg H Makeyev
- The Ural State Medical University, 620109 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Panov
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia.,The Institute of Industrial Ecology UB of RAS, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Larisa I Privalova
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir B Gurvic
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Marina P Sutunkova
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Bushueva
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Renata R Sakhautdinova
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Klinova
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana N Solovyeva
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ivan N Chernyshov
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Eugene A Shuman
- The Ural State Medical University, 620109 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Boris A Katsnelson
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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27
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Identification of component-based approach for prediction of joint chemical mixture toxicity risk assessment with respect to human health: A critical review. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Ilyushina NA, Egorova OV, Masaltsev GV, Averianova NS, Revazova YA, Rakitskii VN, Goumenou M, Vardavas A, Stivaktakis P, Tsatsakis A. Genotoxicity of mixture of imidacloprid, imazalil and tebuconazole. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1090-1094. [PMID: 32953461 PMCID: PMC7484519 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidacloprid, imazalil, tebuconazole were non-genotoxic separately. The mixture of imidacloprid + imazalil + tebuconazole was negative in Ames test. The mixture induced a statistically significant increase in MN-PCEs in bone marrow. The effect observed in vivo is probably mediated by synergism of TGAIs.
Genotoxicity of the mixture of generic pesticides imidacloprid + imazalil + tebuconazole in a ratio of 14.0/1.7/1.0 by weight was assessed using Ames test (Salmonella typhimurium) and micronucleus test in vivo on mammalian bone marrow erythrocytes (CD-1 mice) supporting the data creation for the Real Life Risk Simulation (RLRS) approach. This pesticides’ combination is used in the commercial formulation for seed treatment in advance of or immediately before sowing. Tested pesticides’ technical grade active ingredients (TGAIs) showed no evidence of genotoxicity upon separate treatments. In combination, the three pesticides demonstrated negative results in the Ames test but induced a statistically significant, dose-depended increase in MN-PCEs in mice bone marrow at doses lower than those used separately. The observed effect may be mediated by the synergistic action of the tested TGAIs, their metabolites or impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya A Ilyushina
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Egorova
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation
| | - Gleb V Masaltsev
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation
| | - Nataliya S Averianova
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia A Revazova
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation
| | - Valerii N Rakitskii
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Goumenou
- Centre of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexander Vardavas
- Centre of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Polychronis Stivaktakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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29
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Kostoff RN, Briggs MB, Porter AL, Hernández AF, Abdollahi M, Aschner M, Tsatsakis A. The under-reported role of toxic substance exposures in the COVID-19 pandemic. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111687. [PMID: 32805343 PMCID: PMC7426727 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and previous pandemics have been viewed almost exclusively as virology problems, with toxicology problems mostly being ignored. This perspective is not supported by the evolution of COVID-19, where the impact of real-life exposures to multiple toxic stressors degrading the immune system is followed by the SARS-CoV-2 virus exploiting the degraded immune system to trigger a chain of events ultimately leading to COVID-19. This immune system degradation from multiple toxic stressors (chemical, physical, biological, psychosocial stressors) means that attribution of serious consequences from COVID-19 should be made to the virus-toxic stressors nexus, not to any of the nexus constituents in isolation. The leading toxic stressors (identified in this study as contributing to COVID-19) are pervasive, contributing to myriad chronic diseases as well as immune system degradation. They increase the likelihood for comorbidities and mortality associated with COVID-19. For the short-term, tactical/reactive virology-focused treatments are of higher priority than strategic/proactive toxicology-focused treatments, although both could be implemented in parallel to reinforce each other. However, for long-term pandemic prevention, toxicology-based approaches should be given higher priority than virology-based approaches. Since current COVID-19 treatments globally ignore the toxicology component almost completely, only limited benefits can be expected from these treatments. Toxicology contributions to COVID-19 are mostly ignored relative to virology contributions. Exposure to myriad toxic substances degrades the immune system, whose resulting dysfunction is then exploited by SARS-CoV-2 to result in COVID-19. Attribution of serious consequences from COVID-19 should be made to the virus-toxic stressors combination nexus, not to any of the nexus constituents in isolation. Effective treatments need to address toxicology and virology interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald N Kostoff
- Research Affiliate, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Gainesville, VA, USA.
| | | | - Alan L Porter
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Search Technology, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Toxicolgy and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
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30
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Sergievich AA, Khoroshikh PP, Artemenko AF, Zakharenko AM, Chaika VV, Kodintsev VV, Stroeva OA, Lenda EG, Tsatsakis A, Burykina TI, Agathokleous E, Kostoff RN, Zlatian O, Docea AO, Golokhvast KS. Behavioral impacts of a mixture of six pesticides on rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138491. [PMID: 32335449 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides can potentially contribute to the development of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. This study evaluates the effects of a six-pesticide mixture at doses around the no-observed-adverse-effectlevels (0 × NOAEL, control) and 0.25, 1 and 5 × NOAEL on behavior of Wistar rats. After 3, 6 and 12 months, rats were observed for neurobehavioral changes using the techniques of elevated plus maze and universal problemchamber, and the experiment was conducted thrice. The 3-month exposure revealed a decrease in the cognitive ability at the dose of 5 × NOAEL, and a dose-dependent research activity and anxiety. The 6-month exposurerevealed non-monotonic effects on the cognitive ability, with a decrease by 0.25 and 5 × NOAEL, as well as non-monotonic effects on anxiety, withan increase by 0.25 and 1 × NOAEL. A decrease was also observed in research activity at 5 × NOAEL. However, the 12-month exposure resulted to an increase in cognitive ability by 0.25 × NOAEL and in anxiety by 1 × NOAEL, as well as to a dose-dependent research activity. Repeating the trial showed that the cognitive ability increased from one trial to another, while the researching activity decreased and the anxiety increased by 0× NOAEL. In the groups exposed to pesticides mixture, the trends were different, showing that the exposure to pesticides combined with repeated trials, also influence the response of the animals. The resultsdemonstrate the occurrence of several dose-dependent behavioral responses, with negative effects occurring at doses that are considered safe. This study provides novel insights about time-dependent mixtures biology, and an important perspective to consider when conducting risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Sergievich
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation; Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Olga A Stroeva
- Center Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Primorsky Territory, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena G Lenda
- Center Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Primorsky Territory, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Greece; Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatyana I Burykina
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Ningliu Rd. 219, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China.
| | | | - Ovidiu Zlatian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova 200349, Romania.
| | - Kirill S Golokhvast
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation; Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
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31
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Calabrese EJ, Tsatsakis A, Agathokleous E, Giordano J, Calabrese V. Does Green Tea Induce Hormesis? Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820936170. [PMID: 32728352 PMCID: PMC7364811 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820936170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea, and its principal constituent (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), are commonly shown to induce biphasic concentration/dose responses in a broad range of cell types, including non-tumor cells, and tumor cell lines. The most active area of research dealt with an assessment of neural cells with application to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease cell models, often using preconditioning experimental protocols. The general findings demonstrate EGCG-induced hormetic effects resulting in an enhanced acquired resilience within an adaptive and temporally dependent homeodynamic framework. The biphasic dose responses displayed the typical quantitative features of the hormetic dose response with respect to the amplitude and width of the stimulatory response. These findings provide further evidence for the general occurrence of hormetic dose responses with such responses being independent of the biological model, end point, inducing agent, and mechanism. The biphasic nature of these responses has important implications since it suggests optimal dose ranges for end points of public health and therapeutic applications. These findings indicate the need to assess the entire dose-response continuum in order to better define the nature of the dose response, especially in the low-dose zone where such exposures are common in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill Science Center I, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Crete, Greece
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - James Giordano
- Department of Neurology and Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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32
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Baralić K, Živančević K, Javorac D, Buha Djordjevic A, Anđelković M, Jorgovanović D, Antonijević Miljaković E, Ćurčić M, Bulat Z, Antonijević B, Đukić-Ćosić D. Multi-strain probiotic ameliorated toxic effects of phthalates and bisphenol A mixture in Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111540. [PMID: 32645469 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates and bisphenol A, to which people are mainly exposed through food, interfere with the body's endocrine system, along with various other toxic effects. Literature data suggest that probiotic cultures might be able to decrease the adverse effects of toxic substances by various mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate if treatment with multi-strained probiotic could reduce the toxicity of phthalates and bisphenol A mixture in Wistar rats. Animals were divided into four experimental groups (n = 6): (1) Control (corn oil); (2) P (probiotic (8.78 * 108 CFU/kg/day): Saccharomyces boulardii + Lactobacillus rhamnosus + Lactobacillus planarum LP 6595+ Lactobacillus planarum HEAL9); (3) MIX (50 mg/kg b.w./day DEHP + 50 mg/kg b.w/day DBP + 25 mg/kg b.w./day BPA); (4) MIX + P. Animals were euthanized after 28 days of daily oral gavage treatment; blood and organs were collected for further analysis. Probiotic reduced systemic inflammation and had protective effects on liver, kidneys, spleen, lipid status and serum glucose level. It almost completely annulled the changes in biochemical, hematological and hormonal parameters and mitigated changes in relative liver size, food consumption and organ histology. These results suggest considering multi-strained probiotics as a dietary therapeutic strategy against toxicity of the investigated mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Živančević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Javorac
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Anđelković
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragica Jorgovanović
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evica Antonijević Miljaković
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Ćurčić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
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33
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Skalny AV, Rink L, Ajsuvakova OP, Aschner M, Gritsenko VA, Alekseenko SI, Svistunov AA, Petrakis D, Spandidos DA, Aaseth J, Tsatsakis A, Tinkov AA. Zinc and respiratory tract infections: Perspectives for COVID‑19 (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:17-26. [PMID: 32319538 PMCID: PMC7255455 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the emerging COVID‑19 pandemic caused by SARS‑CoV‑2 virus, the search for potential protective and therapeutic antiviral strategies is of particular and urgent interest. Zinc is known to modulate antiviral and antibacterial immunity and regulate inflammatory response. Despite the lack of clinical data, certain indications suggest that modulation of zinc status may be beneficial in COVID‑19. In vitro experiments demonstrate that Zn2+ possesses antiviral activity through inhibition of SARS‑CoV RNA polymerase. This effect may underlie therapeutic efficiency of chloroquine known to act as zinc ionophore. Indirect evidence also indicates that Zn2+ may decrease the activity of angiotensin‑converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), known to be the receptor for SARS‑CoV‑2. Improved antiviral immunity by zinc may also occur through up‑regulation of interferon α production and increasing its antiviral activity. Zinc possesses anti‑inflammatory activity by inhibiting NF‑κB signaling and modulation of regulatory T‑cell functions that may limit the cytokine storm in COVID‑19. Improved Zn status may also reduce the risk of bacterial co‑infection by improving mucociliary clearance and barrier function of the respiratory epithelium, as well as direct antibacterial effects against S. pneumoniae. Zinc status is also tightly associated with risk factors for severe COVID‑19 including ageing, immune deficiency, obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, since these are known risk groups for zinc deficiency. Therefore, Zn may possess protective effect as preventive and adjuvant therapy of COVID‑19 through reducing inflammation, improvement of mucociliary clearance, prevention of ventilator‑induced lung injury, modulation of antiviral and antibacterial immunity. However, further clinical and experimental studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V. Skalny
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
- Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, D-52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Olga P. Ajsuvakova
- Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Viktor A. Gritsenko
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg
| | - Svetlana I. Alekseenko
- I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, 191015 St. Petersburg
- K.A. Rauhfus Children's City Multidisciplinary Clinical Center for High Medical Technologies, 191000 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Svistunov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
| | | | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jan Aaseth
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 3159894 Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
- Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg
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34
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Sarigiannis DΑ, Karakitsios SP, Handakas E, Gotti A. Development of a generic lifelong physiologically based biokinetic model for exposome studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109307. [PMID: 32229354 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study within the frame of the HEALS project aims at the development of a lifelong physiologically based biokinetic (PBBK) model for exposome studies. The aim was to deliver a comprehensive modelling framework for addressing a large chemical space. Towards this aim, the delivered model can easily adapt parameters from existing ad-hoc models or complete the missing compound specific parameters using advanced quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR). All major human organs are included, as well as arterial, venous, and portal blood compartments. Xenobiotics and their metabolites are linked through the metabolizing tissues. This is mainly the liver, but also other sites of metabolism might be considered (intestine, brain, skin, placenta) based on the presence or not of the enzymes involved in the metabolism of the compound of interest. Each tissue is described by three mass balance equations for (a) red blood cells, (b) plasma and interstitial tissue and (c) cells respectively. The anthropometric parameters of the models are time dependent, so as to provide a lifetime internal dose assessment, as well as to describe the continuously changing physiology of the mother and the developing fetus. An additional component of flexibility is that the biokinetic processes that relate to metabolism are related with either Michaelis-Menten kinetics, as well as intrinsic clearance kinetics. The capability of the model is demonstrated in the assessment of internal exposure and the prediction of expected biomonitored levels in urine for three major compounds within the HEALS project, namely bisphenol A (BPA), Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and cadmium (Cd). The results indicated that the predicted urinary levels fit very well with the ones from human biomonitoring (HBM) studies; internal exposure to plasticizers is very low (in the range of ng/L), while internal exposure to Cd is in the range of μg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimosthenis Α Sarigiannis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, University Campus, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Bldg. B, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001, Greece; School for Advanced Study (IUSS), Science, Technology and Society Department, Environmental Health Engineering, Piazza Della Vittoria 15, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Spyros P Karakitsios
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, University Campus, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Bldg. B, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001, Greece
| | - Evangelos Handakas
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, University Campus, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Alberto Gotti
- EUCENTRE, Via Adolfo Ferrata, 1, Pavia, 27100, Italy
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35
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Calina D, Docea AO, Petrakis D, Egorov AM, Ishmukhametov AA, Gabibov AG, Shtilman MI, Kostoff R, Carvalho F, Vinceti M, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A. Towards effective COVID‑19 vaccines: Updates, perspectives and challenges (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:3-16. [PMID: 32377694 PMCID: PMC7255458 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current context of the pandemic triggered by SARS-COV-2, the immunization of the population through vaccination is recognized as a public health priority. In the case of SARS-COV-2, the genetic sequencing was done quickly, in one month. Since then, worldwide research has focused on obtaining a vaccine. This has a major economic impact because new technological platforms and advanced genetic engineering procedures are required to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine. The most difficult scientific challenge for this future vaccine obtained in the laboratory is the proof of clinical safety and efficacy. The biggest challenge of manufacturing is the construction and validation of production platforms capable of making the vaccine on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Demetrios Petrakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alex M Egorov
- FSBSI 'Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune‑ and Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences', 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aydar A Ishmukhametov
- FSBSI 'Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune‑ and Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences', 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Michael I Shtilman
- D.I. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ronald Kostoff
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Gainesville, VA 20155, USA
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‑313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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36
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Katsikantami I, Tzatzarakis MN, Alegakis AK, Karzi V, Hatzidaki E, Stavroulaki A, Vakonaki E, Xezonaki P, Sifakis S, Rizos AK, Tsatsakis AM. Phthalate metabolites concentrations in amniotic fluid and maternal urine: Cumulative exposure and risk assessment. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:529-538. [PMID: 32368503 PMCID: PMC7186561 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are used in industry as plasticizers or additives in everyday products and they have been considered as endocrine disrupting chemicals. Maternal exposure during pregnancy has been associated with neonatal exposure, preterm birth and impacts in the reproductive and respiratory systems. The aim of this study is to determine six phthalate metabolites (mono isobutyl phthalate, miBP, mono n-butyl phthalate, mnBP, mono benzyl phthalate, mBzP, mono ethylhexyl phthalate, mEHP, mono 2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate, mEHHP, mono 2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl-phthalate, mEOHP) in amniotic fluid and urine from 100 pregnant women. Participants answered questionnaires for the use of plastics and cosmetics, dietary habits, health effects, pregnancy problems, health and infant development. Positive amniotic fluid samples ranged from 1% to 21% and urine from 27% to 54%. The median levels for amniotic fluid were 2.3 μg/L - 10.7 μg/L and for urine 4.9 μg/L - 46.7 μg/L. The major results include significant correlations between urinary phthalates indicating their common sources of exposure, the frequent use of deodorant was significantly associated with higher urinary miBP (p = 0.050) and mnBP (p = 0.028) and a weak inverse association was found for the use of make-up products with mBzP (p = 0.053). The frequent use of plastic food containers was significantly associated with urinary mEHP (p = 0.026), and a positive trend was noticed for mEHP in amniotic fluid (p = 0.093). An association although weak was found between urinary mEHP and lower birth length (rs = 0.396, p = 0.062). No other associations were found for infant health problems or development. The daily intake of the total phthalates was calculated 5.4 μg/kg body weight/day which corresponds to hazard index 0.10 and exposure follows the declining trend that has been observed the last decades.
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Key Words
- 2cx-mMHP, mono 2-carboxymethyl-hexyl phthalate
- Amniotic fluid
- BBzP, benzyl butyl phthalate
- DEHP, di 2-ethylhexyl phthalate
- Daily intake
- DiBP, di iso-butyl phthalate
- DiNP, di isononyl phthalate
- DnBP, di n-butyl phthalate
- EDCs, endocrine disrupting chemicals
- EDI, estimated daily intake HQ, hazard quotient
- HI, hazard index
- LC-APCI-MS, liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry
- Phthalate metabolites
- Risk assessment
- Urine
- mBzP, mono benzyl phthalate
- mECPP or 5cx-mEPP, mono 2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate
- mEHHP or 5OH-mEHP, mono 2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate
- mEHP, mono ethylhexyl phthalate
- mEOHP or 5oxo-mEHP, mono 2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl-phthalate
- mEP, mono ethyl phthalate
- miBP, mono iso-butyl phthalate
- mmP, mono methyl phthalate
- mnBP, mono n-butyl phthalate
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Katsikantami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanasios K. Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology & NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athina Stavroulaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Apostolos K. Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Pregnant rats exposed to low-level methylmercury exhibit cerebellar synaptic and neuritic remodeling during the perinatal period. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1335-1347. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Approaching reactive species in the frame of their clinical significance: A toxicological appraisal. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111206. [PMID: 32113950 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Redox biology and toxicology are interrelated fields that have produced valuable evidence regarding the role and clinical significance of reactive species. These issues are analyzed herein by presenting 6 arguments, as follows: Argument 1: There is no direct connection of redox-related pathologies with specific reactive species; Argument 2: The measurement of reactive species concentration is a major challenge due to their very short half lives; Argument 3: There is an interplay between reactive species generation and fundamental biological processes, such as energy metabolism; Argument 4: Reactive species exert beneficial biological action; Argument 5: Reactive species follow the hormesis phenomenon; Argument 6: Oxidative modifications of redox-related molecules are not necessarily interpreted as oxidative damage. We conclude that reactive species do not seem to exert clinical significance, which means that they lack a measurable cause-effect relation with chronic diseases. Unpredictable results could, nevertheless, arise through novel experimental setups applied in the field of toxicology. These are related to the real-life exposure scenario via the regimen of long-term low-dose (far below NOAEL) exposure to mixtures of xenobiotics and can potentially offer perspectives in order to investigate in depth whether or not reactive species can be introduced as clinically significant redox biomarkers.
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Kouka P, Tekos F, Papoutsaki Z, Stathopoulos P, Halabalaki M, Tsantarliotou M, Zervos I, Nepka C, Liesivuori J, Rakitskii VN, Tsatsakis A, Veskoukis AS, Kouretas D. Olive oil with high polyphenolic content induces both beneficial and harmful alterations on rat redox status depending on the tissue. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:421-432. [PMID: 32140426 PMCID: PMC7052070 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive oil (OO) possesses a predominant role in the diet of Mediterranean countries. According to a health claim approved by the European Food Safety Authority, OO protects against oxidative stress‑induced lipid peroxidation in human blood, when it contains at least 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives per 20 g. However, studies regarding the effects of a total OO biophenols on redox status in vivo are scarce and either observational and do not provide a holistic picture of their action in tissues. Following a series of in vitro screening tests an OO containing biophenols at 800 mg/kg of OO was administered for 14 days to male Wistar rats at a dose corresponding to 20 g OO/per day to humans. Our results showed that OO reinforced the antioxidant profile of blood, brain, muscle and small intestine, it induced oxidative stress in spleen, pancreas, liver and heart, whereas no distinct effects were observed in lung, colon and kidney. The seemingly negative effects of OO follow the recently formulated idea in toxicology, namely the real life exposure scenario. This study reports that OO, although considered a nutritional source rich in antioxidants, it exerts a tissues specific action when administered in vivo.
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Key Words
- Biophenols
- Blood
- CARB, protein carbonyls
- CAT, catalase
- GSH, glutathione
- HT, hydroxytyrosol
- OLEA, oleacein
- OLEO, oleocanthal
- OO, olive oil
- Olive oil
- Real life exposure scenario
- Redox status
- T, tyrosol
- TAC, total antioxidant capacity
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- Tissues
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kouka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Fotios Tekos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Zoi Papoutsaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Stathopoulos
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsantarliotou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zervos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charitini Nepka
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Valerii N. Rakitskii
- Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, F.F. Erisman, 2, Semashko Street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region 141014, Russia
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis S. Veskoukis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Docea AO, Calina D, Buga AM, Zlatian O, Paoliello M, Mogosanu GD, Streba CT, Popescu EL, Stoica AE, Bîrcă AC, Vasile BȘ, Grumezescu AM, Mogoanta L. The Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Balance in a Murine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041233. [PMID: 32059471 PMCID: PMC7072874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the subacute effect of two types of Ag-NPs(EG-AgNPs and PVP-EG-AgNPs) on antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance in rats. Seventy Wistar rats (35 males and 35 females) were divided in 7 groups and intraperitoneally exposed for 28 days to 0, 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg bw/day EG-Ag-NPs and 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg bw/day PVP- EG-Ag-NPs. After 28 days, the blood was collected, and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric reactive species (TBARS),protein carbonyl (PROTC) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activity were determined. EG-Ag-NPs determined protective antioxidant effects in a dose-dependent manner. The exposure to the 4 mg/kg bw/day EG-Ag-NPs determines both in males and females a significant increase in TAC and CAT and a significant decrease in TBARS and PROTC only in females. The PVP-EG-AgNPs showed a different trend compared to EG-AgNPs. At 4 mg/kg bw/day the PVP-EG-AgNPs induce increased PROTC levels and decreased GSH (males and females) and TAC levels (males). The different mechanisms of EG-AgNPs and PVP-EG-AgNPs on antioxidant-/pro-oxidant balance can be explained by the influence of coating agent used for the preparation of the nanoparticles in the formation and composition of protein corona that influence their pathophysiology in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.O.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.O.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Ana Maria Buga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Zlatian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - M.M.B. Paoliello
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil;
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209,1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - George Dan Mogosanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Costin Teodor Streba
- Department of Research Methodology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Elena Leocadia Popescu
- Doctoral School University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Elena Stoica
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.S.); (A.C.B.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Alexandra Catalina Bîrcă
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.S.); (A.C.B.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Bogdan Ștefan Vasile
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.S.); (A.C.B.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.S.); (A.C.B.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Laurentiu Mogoanta
- Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
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41
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Kostoff RN, Heroux P, Aschner M, Tsatsakis A. Adverse health effects of 5G mobile networking technology under real-life conditions. Toxicol Lett 2020; 323:35-40. [PMID: 31991167 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This article identifies adverse effects of non-ionizing non-visible radiation (hereafter called wireless radiation) reported in the premier biomedical literature. It emphasizes that most of the laboratory experiments conducted to date are not designed to identify the more severe adverse effects reflective of the real-life operating environment in which wireless radiation systems operate. Many experiments do not include pulsing and modulation of the carrier signal. The vast majority do not account for synergistic adverse effects of other toxic stimuli (such as chemical and biological) acting in concert with the wireless radiation. This article also presents evidence that the nascent 5G mobile networking technology will affect not only the skin and eyes, as commonly believed, but will have adverse systemic effects as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald N Kostoff
- Research Affiliate, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia, United States.
| | - Paul Heroux
- Toxicology and Health Effects of Electromagnetism, McGill University, Canada
| | - Michael Aschner
- Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Center of Toxicology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Analytical, Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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42
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Baralić K, Buha Djordjevic A, Živančević K, Antonijević E, Anđelković M, Javorac D, Ćurčić M, Bulat Z, Antonijević B, Đukić-Ćosić D. Toxic Effects of the Mixture of Phthalates and Bisphenol A-Subacute Oral Toxicity Study in Wistar Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E746. [PMID: 31979393 PMCID: PMC7037109 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates and bisphenol A, classified as endocrine disruptors, have weak estrogenic, anti-androgenic properties, and affect thyroid hormone regulation. The aim of this study on male rats was to compare the subacute toxic effects of low doses of single compounds (bis (2 -ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and bisphenol A (BPA)) with the effects of their mixture through different biochemical, hormonal, and hematological parameters. Rats were divided into five experimental groups: Control (corn oil), DEHP (50 mg/kg b.w./day), DBP (50 mg/kg b.w./day), BPA (25 mg/kg b.w./day), and MIX (50 mg/kg b.w./day DEHP + 50 mg/kg b.w/day DBP + 25 mg/kg b.w./day BPA). Animals were sacrificed after 28 days of oral treatment and blood was collected for further analysis. The results demonstrated that the mixture produced significant changes in lipid profile, liver-related biochemical parameters, and glucose level. Furthermore, the opposite effects of single substances on the thyroxine level have been shown in comparison with the mixture, as well as a more pronounced effect of the mixture on testosterone level. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on the toxicology of mixtures and gives one more evidence of the paramount importance of mixture toxicity studies, especially in assessing the endocrine disruptive effects of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade—Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.B.D.); (K.Ž.); (E.A.); (M.A.); (D.J.); (M.Ć.); (Z.B.); (B.A.); (D.Đ.-Ć.)
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43
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Application of novel technologies and mechanistic data for risk assessment under the real-life risk simulation (RLRS) approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111123. [PMID: 31926207 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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44
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Krasanakis T, Nikolouzakis TK, Sgantzos M, Mariolis-Sapsakos T, Souglakos J, Spandidos DA, Tsitsimpikou C, Tsatsakis A, Tsiaoussis J. Role of anabolic agents in colorectal carcinogenesis: Myths and realities (Review). Oncol Rep 2019; 42:2228-2244. [PMID: 31578582 PMCID: PMC6826302 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the four leading causes of cancer‑related mortality worldwide. Even though over the past few decades the global scientific community has made tremendous efforts to understand this entity, many questions remain to be raised on this issue and even more to be answered. Epidemiological findings have unveiled numerous environmental and genetic risk factors, each one contributing to a certain degree to the final account of new CRC cases. Moreover, different trends have been revealed regarding the age of onset of CRC between the two sexes. That, in addition to newly introduced therapeutic approaches for various diseases based on androgens, anti‑androgens and anabolic hormones has raised some concerns regarding their possible carcinogenic effects or their synergistic potential with other substances/risk factors, predisposing the individual to CRC. Notably, despite the intense research on experimental settings and population studies, the conclusions regarding the majority of anabolic substances are ambiguous. Some of these indicate the carcinogenic properties of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), growth hormone and insulin‑like growth factor (IGF) and others, demonstrating their neutral nature or even their protective one, as in the case of vitamin D. Thus, the synergistic nature of anabolic substances with other CRC risk factors (such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and smoking) has emerged, suggesting a more holistic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Krasanakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Markos Sgantzos
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Theodore Mariolis-Sapsakos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agioi Anargyroi General and Oncologic Hospital of Kifisia, 14564 Athens, Greece
| | - John Souglakos
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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45
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Babar U, Nawaz MA, Arshad U, Azhar MT, Atif RM, Golokhvast KS, Tsatsakis AM, Shcerbakova K, Chung G, Rana IA. Transgenic crops for the agricultural improvement in Pakistan: a perspective of environmental stresses and the current status of genetically modified crops. GM CROPS & FOOD 2019; 11:1-29. [PMID: 31679447 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2019.1680078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic technologies have emerged as a powerful tool for crop improvement in terms of yield, quality, and quantity in many countries of the world. However, concerns also exist about the possible risks involved in transgenic crop cultivation. In this review, literature is analyzed to gauge the real intensity of the issues caused by environmental stresses in Pakistan. In addition, the research work on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) development and their performance is analyzed to serve as a guide for the scientists to help them select useful genes for crop transformation in Pakistan. The funding of GMOs research in Pakistan shows that it does not follow the global trend. We also present socio-economic impact of GM crops and political dimensions in the seed sector and the policies of the government. We envisage that this review provides guidelines for public and private sectors as well as the policy makers in Pakistan and in other countries that face similar environmental threats posed by the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Babar
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Nawaz
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Usama Arshad
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tehseen Azhar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Atif
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kirill S Golokhvast
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Aristides M Tsatsakis
- Department of Toxicology and Forensics, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kseniia Shcerbakova
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Iqrar Ahmad Rana
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Karzi V, Tzatzarakis M, Katsikantami I, Stavroulaki A, Alegakis A, Vakonaki E, Xezonaki P, Sifakis S, Rizos A, Tsatsakis A. Investigating exposure to endocrine disruptors via hair analysis of pregnant women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108692. [PMID: 31520825 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the monitoring of the levels of parabens (PBs) and triclosan (TCS) in head hair samples of women collected during the first months of their pregnancy. Personal details concerning somatometric and demographic characteristics, dietary habits, use of personal care products and the medical and obstetrical history of the pregnant women as well as infants' somatometric characteristics and health condition were recorded through relevant questionnaires. Ninety five hair samples were collected, extracted by solid-liquid extraction and analysed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system (LC-MS). Analysis revealed high percentage of positive samples for all tested compounds (90-100% except from BePB (15.8%)). The mean concentration levels were 4501.2 pg/mg (17.6-27,437.0 pg/mg) for MePB; 510.1 pg/mg (11.0-4224.5 pg/mg) for EtPB; 22.9 pg/mg (2.1-66.6 pg/mg) for BePB; 237.1 pg/mg (1.8-2513.7 pg/mg) for BuPB and 245.0 pg/mg (8.8-8070.2 pg/mg) for TCS. Statistical analysis of both analytical results and questionnaires' data showed that the frequent use of personal care and hygiene products, such as makeup, hairspray and sunscreens, is correlated with higher levels of PBs in hair of the pregnant women. Additionally, positive correlation was observed between the BePB levels in hair and the infants' height. Finally, no other correlation was observed between endocrine disruptors' levels in maternal hair and infants' somatometric characteristics or health condition. Our study is the first one that determined PBs and TCS levels in hair samples, simultaneously. At the same time, correlation of the detected levels with the use of personal care products was accomplished, leading to significant association of BePB levels in hair of pregnant women with infants' height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece; Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece; Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athina Stavroulaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece
| | | | | | - Apostolos Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR, 70013, Greece.
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47
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Tuaeva NO, Falzone L, Porozov YB, Nosyrev AE, Trukhan VM, Kovatsi L, Spandidos DA, Drakoulis N, Kalogeraki A, Mamoulakis C, Tzanakakis G, Libra M, Tsatsakis A. Translational Application of Circulating DNA in Oncology: Review of the Last Decades Achievements. Cells 2019; 8:E1251. [PMID: 31615102 PMCID: PMC6829588 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the introduction of new molecular techniques in experimental and clinical settings has allowed researchers and clinicians to propose circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis and liquid biopsy as novel promising strategies for the early diagnosis of cancer and for the definition of patients' prognosis. It was widely demonstrated that through the non-invasive analysis of ctDNA, it is possible to identify and characterize the mutational status of tumors while avoiding invasive diagnostic strategies. Although a number of studies on ctDNA in patients' samples significantly contributed to the improvement of oncology practice, some investigations generated conflicting data about the diagnostic and prognostic significance of ctDNA. Hence, to highlight the relevant achievements obtained so far in this field, a clearer description of the current methodologies used, as well as the obtained results, are strongly needed. On these bases, this review discusses the most relevant studies on ctDNA analysis in cancer, as well as the future directions and applications of liquid biopsy. In particular, special attention was paid to the early diagnosis of primary cancer, to the diagnosis of tumors with an unknown primary location, and finally to the prognosis of cancer patients. Furthermore, the current limitations of ctDNA-based approaches and possible strategies to overcome these limitations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia O Tuaeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnlogical Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Yuri B Porozov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia.
- ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia.
| | - Alexander E Nosyrev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir M Trukhan
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Leda Kovatsi
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54248 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Drakoulis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Zografou, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Kalogeraki
- Department of Pathology-Cytopathology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - Charalampos Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - George Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnlogical Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece.
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Tsatsakis A, Tyshko NV, Docea AO, Shestakova SI, Sidorova YS, Petrov NA, Zlatian O, Mach M, Hartung T, Tutelyan VA. The effect of chronic vitamin deficiency and long term very low dose exposure to 6 pesticides mixture on neurological outcomes – A real-life risk simulation approach. Toxicol Lett 2019; 315:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Fountoucidou P, Veskoukis AS, Kerasioti E, Docea AO, Taitzoglou IA, Liesivuori J, Tsatsakis A, Kouretas D. A mixture of routinely encountered xenobiotics induces both redox adaptations and perturbations in blood and tissues of rats after a long-term low-dose exposure regimen: The time and dose issue. Toxicol Lett 2019; 317:24-44. [PMID: 31541690 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of humans to xenobiotic mixtures is a continuous state during their everyday routine. However, the majority of toxicological studies assess the in vivo effects of individual substances rather than mixtures. Therefore, our main objective was to evaluate the impact of the 12- and 18-month exposure of rats to a mixture containing 13 pesticides, food, and life-style additives in three dosage levels (i.e. 0.0025 × NOAEL, 0.01 × NOAEL, and 0.05 × NOAEL), on redox biomarkers in blood and tissues. Our results indicate that the exposure to the mixture induces physiological adaptations by enhancing the blood antioxidant mechanism (i.e., increased glutathione, catalase and total antioxidant capacity and decreased protein carbonyls and TBARS) at 12 months of exposure. On the contrary, exposure to the 0.05 × NOAEL dose for 18 months induces significant perturbations in blood and tissue redox profile (i.e., increased carbonyls and TBARS). This study simulates a scenario of real-life risk exposure to mixtures of xenobiotics through a long-term low-dose administration regimen in rats. The results obtained could support, at least in part, the necessity of introducing testing of combined stimuli at reference doses and long term for the evaluation of the risk from exposure to chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Fountoucidou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristidis S Veskoukis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthalia Kerasioti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova, 200349, Romania
| | - Ioannis A Taitzoglou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
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50
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Critical assessment and integration of separate lines of evidence for risk assessment of chemical mixtures. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2741-2757. [PMID: 31520250 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to multiple chemicals on a daily basis instead of to just a single chemical, yet the majority of existing toxicity data comes from single-chemical exposure. Multiple factors must be considered such as the route, concentration, duration, and the timing of exposure when determining toxicity to the organism. The need for adequate model systems (in vivo, in vitro, in silico and mathematical) is paramount for better understanding of chemical mixture toxicity. Currently, shortcomings plague each model system as investigators struggle to find the appropriate balance of rigor, reproducibility and appropriateness in mixture toxicity studies. Significant questions exist when comparing single-to mixture-chemical toxicity concerning additivity, synergism, potentiation, or antagonism. Dose/concentration relevance is a major consideration and should be subthreshold for better accuracy in toxicity assessment. Previous work was limited by the technology and methodology of the time, but recent advances have resulted in significant progress in the study of mixture toxicology. Novel technologies have added insight to data obtained from in vivo studies for predictive toxicity testing. These include new in vitro models: omics-related tools, organs-on-a-chip and 3D cell culture, and in silico methods. Taken together, all these modern methodologies improve the understanding of the multiple toxicity pathways associated with adverse outcomes (e.g., adverse outcome pathways), thus allowing investigators to better predict risks linked to exposure to chemical mixtures. As technology and knowledge advance, our ability to harness and integrate separate streams of evidence regarding outcomes associated with chemical mixture exposure improves. As many national and international organizations are currently stressing, studies on chemical mixture toxicity are of primary importance.
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