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Chavda VP, Bezbaruah R, Dolia S, Shah N, Verma S, Savale S, Ray S. Convalescent plasma (hyperimmune immunoglobulin) for COVID-19 management: An update. Process Biochem 2023; 127:66-81. [PMID: 36741339 PMCID: PMC9886570 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic COVID-19 has spread widely throughout the globe and has been responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. Recently, it has been identified that there is no specific and 100% effective treatment available to manage the infection especially for the severe cases. A significant amount of research efforts and clinical trials have been undertaken globally and many more are underway to find the potential treatment option. Earlier, convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin was effectively used in the treatment of many endemic or epidemic viral infections as a part of passive immunization. In this article, we have touched upon the immunopathology of COVID-19 infection, a basic understanding of convalescent plasma, it's manufacturing as well as evaluation, and have reviewed the scientific developments focussing on the potential of convalescent plasma vis-à-vis other modalities for the management of COVID-19. The article also covers various research approaches, clinical trials conducted globally, and the clinical trials which are at various stages for exploring the efficacy and safety of the convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) to predict its future perspective to manage COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Sheetal Dolia
- Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Plasma Fractionation Unit), Ahmedabad 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Nirav Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SAL Institute of Pharmacy, Sola, Ahmedabad 380060, India
| | - Sachin Verma
- Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Plasma Fractionation Unit), Ahmedabad 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Shrinivas Savale
- AIC-LMCP Foundation, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Suma Ray
- Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Plasma Fractionation Unit), Ahmedabad 382213, Gujarat, India
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2
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Kandula UR, Tuji TS, Gudeta DB, Bulbula KL, Mohammad AA, Wari KD, Abbas A. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP) During the Pandemic Era: A Literature Review. J Blood Med 2023; 14:159-187. [PMID: 36855559 PMCID: PMC9968437 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s397722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide pandemic with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). As November 2, 2022, World Health Organization (WHO) received 628,035,553 reported incidents on COVID-19, with 6,572,800 mortalities and, with a total 12,850,970,971 vaccine doses have been delivered as of October 31, 2022. The infection can cause mild or self-limiting symptoms of pulmonary and severe infections or death may be caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Simultaneously, antivirals, corticosteroids, immunological treatments, antibiotics, and anticoagulants have been proposed as potential medicines to cure COVID-19 affected patients. Among these initial treatments, COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP), which was retrieved from COVID-19 recovered patients to be used as passive immune therapy, in which antibodies from cured patients were given to infected patients to prevent illness. Such treatment has yielded the best results in earlier with preventative or early stages of illness. Convalescent plasma (CP) is the first treatment available when infectious disease initially appears, although few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted to evaluate its effectiveness. The historical record suggests with potential benefit for other respiratory infections, as coronaviruses like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV-I (SARS-CoV-I) and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), though the analysis of such research is constrained by some non-randomized experiments (NREs). Rigorous studies on CP are made more demanding by the following with the immediacy of the epidemics, CP use may restrict the ability to utilize it for clinical testing, non-homogenous nature of product, highly decentralized manufacturing process; constraints with capacity to measure biologic function, ultimate availability of substitute therapies, as antivirals, purified immune globulins, or monoclonal antibodies. Though, it is still not clear how effectively CCP works among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The current review tries to focus on its efficiency and usage in clinical scenarios and identifying existing benefits of implementation during pandemic or how it may assist with future pandemic preventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Rani Kandula
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Techane Sisay Tuji
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | | | - Kassech Leta Bulbula
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | | | - Ketema Diriba Wari
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmad Abbas
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
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Lanza F, Monaco F, Ciceri F, Cairoli R, Sacchi MV, Guidetti A, Marchetti M, Massaia M, Arcaini L, Krampera M, Mohamed S, Gherlinzoni F, Mecucci C, Gentile M, Romano I, Venditti A, Ruggeri M, Ferrero D, Coviello E, Fabbri E, Corradini P, Passamonti F. Lack of efficacy of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 patients with concomitant hematological malignancies: An Italian retrospective study. Hematol Oncol 2022; 40:857-863. [PMID: 35932208 PMCID: PMC9538413 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A multicenter retrospective study was designed to assess clinical outcome of COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies (HM) following treatment with anti-SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma (CP) or standard of care therapy. To this aim, a propensity score matching was used to assess the role of non-randomized administration of CP in this high-risk cohort of patients from the Italian Hematology Alliance on COVID-19 (ITA-HEMA-COV) project, now including 2049 untreated control patients. We investigated 30- and 90-day mortality, rate of admission to intensive care unit, proportion of patients requiring mechanical ventilatory support, hospitalization time, and SARS-CoV-2 clearance in 79 CP recipients and compared results with 158 propensity score-matched controls. Results indicated a lack of efficacy of CP in the study group compared with the untreated group, thus confirming the negative results obtained from randomized studies in immunocompetent individuals with COVID-19. In conclusion, this retrospective analysis did not meet the primary and secondary end points in any category of immunocompromized patients affected by HM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabio Ciceri
- IRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleUniversity Vita‐Salute San RaffaeleMilanoItaly
| | | | - Maria Vittoria Sacchi
- Hematology Unit, SCDU Ematologia ‐ Az Ospedaliera Santi Antonio e Biagio e Cesare ArrigoAlessandriaItaly
| | | | - Monia Marchetti
- Hematology Unit, SCDU Ematologia ‐ Az Ospedaliera Santi Antonio e Biagio e Cesare ArrigoAlessandriaItaly
| | | | - Luca Arcaini
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | - Sara Mohamed
- Hematology UnitAzienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano IsontinaTriesteItaly
| | | | | | | | | | - Adriano Venditti
- Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and PreventionUniversity Tor VergataRomaItaly
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Seghatchian J, Pereira P, Lanza F. Spotlights on the latest opinions on identification, prevention, and management of newer CoV-2 variants: A roundup appraisal on innovative ideas and designer vaccines for Omicron. Transfus Apher Sci 2022; 61:103499. [PMID: 35811273 PMCID: PMC9250817 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although mass vaccination combined with some other preventative strategies and lockdown was associated with some early signs that COVID-19 infection might be fading away, the over 35 sites mutated new South African variant, "Omicron", emerged almost globally. Certain predisposed hosts may develop severe inflammatory thrombotic or mild long-Covid conditions due to this variant, which depletes T-cells, neutralizes antibodies circulating in the body, and coincidentally induces hypercoagulability. The surge of Omicron combined with Delta variants may confer unresponsiveness to the currently available vaccines even when the second dose is given up to 90 days. A drop in the antibody levels by 30 % has been identified in omicron-infected individuals, and one in five people is resistant to antibody treatment. This poses major concerns in the transmissibility rate of this new variant, even in a heavy mass vaccinated environment. This heavily mutated Omicron with other spike sites facilitates viral entry into the cells through conformational changes, irrespective of circulating neutralising antibody. Based on this consideration, we believe that speeding up mixed-matched vaccines with higher T-cell stimulation ability may improve the current situation. Moreover, large orders for antiviral drugs and monoclonal antibodies that could tackle Omicron combined with other variants may be valuable. The use of free polyclonal antibody donations and, hopefully, T-cell immunotherapy, may represent further breakthrough therapeutic interventions. However, Omicron infection is relatively milder than the ongoing Delta variant but is extremely contagious, and therefore the development of novel interventions is highly demanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Innovative Manufacturing and Quality/Safety of Blood-Derived Bioproducts. London, England, UK
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Portuguese Institute of Blood and Transplantation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francesco Lanza
- Hematology Unit & Romagna Transplant Network, Ravenna, Italy.
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Hervig TA, Flesland Ø, Nissen-Meyer LSH. COVID-19 convalescent plasma: Current status, lessons from the past and future perspectives. Transfus Apher Sci 2022; 61:103487. [PMID: 35778352 PMCID: PMC9188440 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
When the COVID-19 pandemic hit, blood transfusion services worldwide started collection of convalescent plasma as early as possible, as exemplified by the response in Norway. There were challenges related to donor selection, donor safety, testing for relevant antibodies and indications for and dosing of the convalescent plasma. As more knowledge became available, the product quality was more standardised. Multiple case reports, observational studies and some randomized studies were published during the pandemic, as well as laboratory studies reporting different approaches to antibody testing. The results were conflicting and the importance of convalescent plasma was disputed. Even though there has been strong international collaboration with involvement of many key organisations, we may better prepare for the next pandemic. An even stronger, more formalised collaboration between these organisations could provide more clear evidence of the importance of convalescent plasma, based on the principles of passive immunisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Audun Hervig
- Laboratory for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Norway.
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6
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Agrawal A, Jha T, Gogoi P, Diwaker P, Goel A, Khan AM, Saxena AK. Effect of Convalescent Plasma therapy on Mortality in Moderate-to-Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients. Transfus Apher Sci 2022; 61:103455. [PMID: 35618641 PMCID: PMC9090870 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The role of plasma therapy in the management of the COVID-19, pandemic has been speculated. However, in view of the varied response regarding its effectiveness from various multicenter studies, there is a need to conduct more single center population-specific studies. We, thus, aimed to assess the role of convalescent plasma therapy in COVID-19 patient management in a single -center. Methods This retrospective study was conducted using records of all COVID-19 patients who received plasma therapy over a period of 6 months in a dedicated COVID-19 hospital in Delhi. Information pertaining to transfusion, disease severity, associated comorbidities, the treatment given and patient outcome were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSSv23. Results Of the141 patients who received plasma therapy, 62% were discharged after treatment. Mortality was found to be significantly higher in patients > 60 years of age (p < 0.001), those with severe COVID-19 infection (p < 0.05) and pre-existing renal disease (p < 0.05). The admission-transfusion interval was significantly correlated to mortality and was a sensitive parameter for predicting outcome at cut off value of < 5 days (p < 0.001). There was no significant association of mortality with patient blood group, plasma antibody levels or donor hemoglobin levels. Conclusions We report improvement and recovery in a large number of patients who received convalescent plasma within the first 5 days of hospitalization with moderate to severe disease. Further research to compare dosage and administration protocols to delineate role of CCP in survival of COVID-19 patients is needed before it is prematurely shelved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Tanvi Jha
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Gogoi
- Department of Pathology, Incharge, Blood Bank and Regional Transfusion Centre, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
| | - Preeti Diwaker
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Goel
- Department of Medicine, Dr BR Ambedkar State Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjab, India
| | - Amir Maroof Khan
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Saxena
- Department of Anesthesiology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
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7
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Moura LW, Liao AW, Negrini R, Zlotnik E. The use of convalescent plasma therapy in the management of a pregnant woman with COVID-19: a case report. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2022; 20:eRC6550. [PMID: 35195192 PMCID: PMC8809646 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2022rc6550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is responsible for the current worldwide pandemic. Treatment and prophylaxis are still under investigation. Convalescent plasma therapy could be an alternative. We report a case of a 41-year-old patient, at 28 weeks of gestation, was hospitalized with COVID-19. On the 10th day after onset of symptoms, the clinical picture worsened, and she required high-flow oxygen therapy (30L/minute), with 92% oxygen saturation, and chest X-ray showing mild bilateral opacities at lung bases. Blood tests showed D-dimer 1,004ng/mL, C-reactive protein 81mg/L, pro-calcitonin 0.05ng/mL and interleukine-6 42.9pg/mL. The therapy chosen was Tazocin® 12g/day, vancomycin 2g/day, and methylprednisolone 40mg/day. In addition, convalescent plasma therapy was administered (275mL) uneventfully, including SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and neutralizing antibodies >1:160. The patient had a fast recovery. The early administration of convalescent plasma, with high titers of neutralizing antibodies, may be an alternative option for severe COVID-19 during pregnancy, until further studies demonstrate an efficient and safe treatment or prophylaxis.
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Schneider MM, Emmenegger M, Xu CK, Condado Morales I, Meisl G, Turelli P, Zografou C, Zimmermann MR, Frey BM, Fiedler S, Denninger V, Jacquat RP, Madrigal L, Ilsley A, Kosmoliaptsis V, Fiegler H, Trono D, Knowles TP, Aguzzi A. Microfluidic characterisation reveals broad range of SARS-CoV-2 antibody affinity in human plasma. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202101270. [PMID: 34848436 PMCID: PMC8645332 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infections, which can range from asymptomatic to lethal, is crucially shaped by the concentration of antiviral antibodies and by their affinity to their targets. However, the affinity of polyclonal antibody responses in plasma is difficult to measure. Here we used microfluidic antibody affinity profiling (MAAP) to determine the aggregate affinities and concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in plasma samples of 42 seropositive individuals, 19 of which were healthy donors, 20 displayed mild symptoms, and 3 were critically ill. We found that dissociation constants, K d, of anti-receptor-binding domain antibodies spanned 2.5 orders of magnitude from sub-nanomolar to 43 nM. Using MAAP we found that antibodies of seropositive individuals induced the dissociation of pre-formed spike-ACE2 receptor complexes, which indicates that MAAP can be adapted as a complementary receptor competition assay. By comparison with cytopathic effect-based neutralisation assays, we show that MAAP can reliably predict the cellular neutralisation ability of sera, which may be an important consideration when selecting the most effective samples for therapeutic plasmapheresis and tracking the success of vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias M Schneider
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine K Xu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Georg Meisl
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Priscilla Turelli
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chryssa Zografou
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuela R Zimmermann
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Beat M Frey
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Viola Denninger
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A, Paddocks Business Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raphaël Pb Jacquat
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lidia Madrigal
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alison Ilsley
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A, Paddocks Business Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heike Fiegler
- Fluidic Analytics, Unit A, Paddocks Business Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Didier Trono
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tuomas Pj Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lanza F, Agostini V, Monaco F, Passamonti F, Seghatchian J. Therapeutic Use of Convalescent Plasma in COVID-19 Infected Patients with Concomitant Hematological Disorders. Clin Hematol Int 2021; 3:77-82. [PMID: 34820612 PMCID: PMC8486975 DOI: 10.2991/chi.k.210403.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of convalescent plasma (CP) from individuals recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a promising therapeutic modality for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CP has been in use for at least a century to provide passive immunity against a number of diseases, and was recently proposed by the World Health Organization for human Ebola virus infection. Only a few small studies have so far been published on patients with COVID-19 and concomitant hematological malignancies (HM). The Italian Hematology Alliance on HM and COVID-19 has found that HM patients with COVID-19 clinically perform more poorly than those with either HM or COVID-19 alone. A COVID-19 infection in patients with B-cell lymphoma is associated with impaired generation of neutralizing antibody titers and lowered clearance of SARS-CoV-2. Treatment with CP was seen to increase antibody titers in all patients and to improve clinical response in 80% of patients examined. However, a recent study has reported impaired production of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies in an immunosuppressed individual treated with CP, possibly supporting the notion of virus escape, particularly in immunocompromised individuals where prolonged viral replication occurs. This may limit the efficacy of CP treatment in at least some HM patients. More recently, it has been shown that CP may provide a neutralising effect against B.1.1.7 and other SARS-CoV-2 variants, thus expanding its application in clinical practice. More extensive studies are needed to further assess the use of CP in COVID-19-infected HM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lanza
- Hematology Unit & Romagna Transplant Network, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Vanessa Agostini
- Transfusion Medicine Department, IRCCS- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Hematology Unit & Romagna Transplant Network, Ravenna, Italy
| | | | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Innovative Manufacturing and Quality/Safety of Blood-Derived Bioproducts, London, England, UK
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Ozcelik F, Tanoglu A, Guven BB, Keskin U, Kaplan M. Assessment of severity and mortality of COVID-19 with anti-A1 and anti-B IgM isohaemagglutinins, a reflection of the innate immune status. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14624. [PMID: 34251730 PMCID: PMC8420313 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The relationship between the innate immune system that creates the polysaccharide antibody response and COVID-19 is not fully understood. In this study, it was aimed to determine the predictive values of isohaemagglutinins in COVID-19 severity/mortality. METHODS Approximately 15 440 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were examined, and a total of 286 patients with anti-B and anti-A1 IgM isohaemagglutinins test results were randomly enrolled in the study. These patients were stratified into two groups according to anti-A1 (n: 138 blood type B or O) and anti-B (n: 148 blood type A) IgM isohaemagglutinins. Anti-A1 or/and anti-B IgM, biochemical parameters, symptoms, chronic diseases, hospitalisation status, intubation status, admission to intensive care unit (ICU) and exitus status were recorded and evaluated for all patients. RESULTS Anti-A1 IgM and anti-B IgM were significantly lower in ICU patients (7.5 ± 9.9 vs 18.0 ± 20.4 and 5.5 ± 6.3 vs 19.3 ± 33.6 titres, respectively; P < .01) and in exitus patients (3.8 ± 3.6 vs 16.7 ± 18.7 and 3.5 ± 4.7 vs 16.9 ± 29.6 titres respectively; P < .01). In the ROC analysis performed to differentiate between exitus and discharge within groups, the sensitivity of anti-B IgM and anti-A1 IgM at cut-off ≤4 was 88.9% and 79.6%, specificity 66.0% and 73.4%, and AUC 0.831 and 0.861, respectively (P < .01). Anti-A1 IgM decreased the mortality risk 0.811 times per unit while anti-B IgM decreased 0.717 times (P < .01). CONCLUSION Anti-B and anti-A1 isohaemagglutinins, which are an expression of the innate immune system, can be used to predict the severity and mortality of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ozcelik
- Department of Medical BiochemistryUniversity of Health Sciences TurkeySultan 2. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research HospitalIstanbulTurkey
| | - Alpaslan Tanoglu
- Department of GastroenterologyUniversity of Health Sciences TurkeySancaktepe Şehit Prof Dr Ilhan Varank Training and Research HospitalIstanbulTurkey
| | - Bulent Barıs Guven
- Department of Anesthesia and ReanimationUniversity of Health Sciences TurkeySultan 2. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research HospitalIstanbulTurkey
| | - Umran Keskin
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Health Sciences TurkeyHaydarpasa Numune Training and Research HospitalIstanbulTurkey
| | - Mustafa Kaplan
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Health Sciences TurkeySultan 2. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research HospitalIstanbulTurkey
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11
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Khamis F, Al Arimi Z, Al Naamani H, Al Bahrani M, Pandak N, Al Bolushi Z, Deenadayalan SS, Al Lawati A, Al Salmi I, Al-Zakwani I. Convalescent Plasma Therapy in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: An Open Label Trial. Oman Med J 2021; 36:e296. [PMID: 34631155 PMCID: PMC8491110 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2021.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic continues to spread globally without an effective treatment. In search of the cure, convalescent plasma (CP) containing protective antibodies from survivors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has shown potential benefit in a non-intensive care unit setting. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of CP therapy for patients with COVID-19 on mechanical ventilation (MV) and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS We conducted an open-label trial in a single center, Royal Hospital, in Oman. The study was conducted from 17 April to 20 June 2020. The trial included 94 participants with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. The primary outcomes included extubation rates, discharges from the hospital and overall mortality, while secondary outcomes were the length of stay and improvement in respiratory and laboratory parameters. Analyses were performed using univariate statistics. RESULTS The overall mean age of the cohort was 50.0±15.0 years, and 90.4% (n = 85) were males. A total of 77.7% (n = 73) of patients received CP. Those on CP were associated with a higher extubation rate (35.6% vs. 76.2%; p < 0.001), higher extubation/home discharges rate (64.4% vs. 23.8%; p =0.001), and tendency towards lower overall mortality (19.2% vs. 28.6%; p =0.354; study power = 11.0%) when compared to COVID-19 patients that did not receive CP. CONCLUSIONS CP was associated with higher extubation/home discharges and a tendency towards lower overall mortality when compared to those that did not receive CP in COVID-19 patients on MV or in those with ARDS. Further studies are warranted to corroborate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faryal Khamis
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Zainab Al Arimi
- Department of Blood Bank Services, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Maher Al Bahrani
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Nenad Pandak
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Zakaryia Al Bolushi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Adil Al Lawati
- Acute Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Hospital Muscat, Oman
| | - Issa Al Salmi
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ibrahim Al-Zakwani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Gulf Health Research, Muscat, Oman
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12
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Perenc L, Pęczkowski R. Knowledge and Attitudes of Young Adults Towards Donation of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma and Its Therapeutic Properties. J Blood Med 2021; 12:709-717. [PMID: 34408520 PMCID: PMC8364396 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s319652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the level of knowledge of the young adults towards the possible use of the convalescent plasma (CP) in the treatment of COVID-19 infection and their attitudes towards its donation. METHODS Cross-sectional questionnaire was administered online to 1058 university students, representing 4 different colleges. The questionnaire included demographic data and 20 questions related to the knowledge and attitudes of respondents about possible use of the convalescent plasma in the treatment of COVID-19 infection and its donation. Comparative analyses were made using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests and the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS Significant relationships were found between dependent variables (level of knowledge and intensity of attitude) and gender, age, and student's college affiliation. There was no statistically significant correlation between dependent variables and respondents' social background and religious commitment. Studied young adults show a satisfactory knowledge relating to the therapeutic and preventive properties of the COVID-19 convalescent plasma. They also express a sufficient intensity of positive attitude towards CP donation. CONCLUSION This study confirms the need for appropriate health promotional campaigns and educational programs aimed at popularization of CP donation in the general public, which would increase the chances of involving more patients recovered from COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Perenc
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, 35-310, Poland
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13
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Muttamba W, Lusiba J, Namakula LO, Byakika-Kibwika P, Ssali F, Ddungu H, Mugenyi L, Kiwanuka N, Sekibira R, Kityo C, Keyune D, Acana S, Musinguzi A, Masasi A, Byamugisha J, Mpanju D, Musoki WJ, Tukamuhebwa HA, Nakwagala F, Bagaya BS, Kayongo A, Kimuli I, Nantanda R, Katagira W, Buregyeya E, Byanyima R, Byarugaba B, Siddharthan T, Mwebesa H, Charles O, Joloba ML, Bazeyo W, Kirenga B. Feasibility of collecting and processing of COVID-19 convalescent plasma for treatment of COVID-19 in Uganda. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252306. [PMID: 34138909 PMCID: PMC8211202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Evidence that supports the use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) for treatment of COVID-19 is increasingly emerging. However, very few African countries have undertaken the collection and processing of CCP. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of collecting and processing of CCP, in preparation for a randomized clinical trial of CCP for treatment of COVID-19 in Uganda. Methods In a cross-sectional study, persons with documented evidence of recovery from COVID-19 in Uganda were contacted and screened for blood donation via telephone calls. Those found eligible were asked to come to the blood donation centre for further screening and consent. Whole blood collection was undertaken from which plasma was processed. Plasma was tested for transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) and anti-SARS CoV-2 antibody titers. SARS-CoV-2 testing was also done on nasopharyngeal swabs from the donors. Results 192 participants were contacted of whom 179 (93.2%) were eligible to donate. Of the 179 eligible, 23 (12.8%) were not willing to donate and reasons given included: having no time 7(30.4%), fear of being retained at the COVID-19 treatment center 10 (43.5%), fear of stigma in the community 1 (4.3%), phobia for donating blood 1 (4.3%), religious issues 1 (4.4%), lack of interest 2 (8.7%) and transport challenges 1 (4.3%). The median age was 30 years and females accounted for 3.7% of the donors. A total of 30 (18.5%) donors tested positive for different TTIs. Antibody titer testing demonstrated titers of more than 1:320 for all the 72 samples tested. Age greater than 46 years and female gender were associated with higher titers though not statistically significant. Conclusion CCP collection and processing is possible in Uganda. However, concerns about stigma and lack of time, interest or transport need to be addressed in order to maximize donations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Lusiba
- Uganda Peoples Defense Forces Medical Services, Kampala, Uganda
- Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Noah Kiwanuka
- School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Cissy Kityo
- Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Susan Acana
- Uganda Blood Transfusion Services, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Ayub Masasi
- Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Byamugisha
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Mpanju
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Walter Jack Musoki
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Bernard Sentalo Bagaya
- Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alex Kayongo
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ivan Kimuli
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Esther Buregyeya
- School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Trishul Siddharthan
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Henry Mwebesa
- Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Olaro Charles
- Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses Lutaakome Joloba
- Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Bruce Kirenga
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- * E-mail:
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14
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Fatima N, Kaushik V, Ayoub A. A Narrative Review of a Pulmonary Aerosolized Formulation or a Nasal Drop Using Sera Containing Neutralizing Antibodies Collected from COVID-19-Recovered Patients as a Probable Therapy for COVID-19. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:151-168. [PMID: 34083848 PMCID: PMC8163704 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2020.86417.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a new contagion during December 2019, since which time it has triggered a rampant spike in fatality rates worldwide due to insufficient medical treatments and a lack of counteragents and prompted the World Health Organization to declare COVID-19 a public health emergency. It is, therefore, vital to accelerate the screening of new molecules or vaccines to win the battle against this pandemic. Experiences from previous epidemiological data on coronaviruses guide investigators in designing and exploring new compounds for a safe and cost-effective treatment. Several reports on the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic indicate that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the novel COVID-19 use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for binding to the host cell in the lung epithelia through the spike protein on their virion surface. ACE2 is a mono-carboxypeptidase best known for cleaving major peptides and substrates. Its degree in human airway epithelia positively correlates with coronavirus infection. The treatment approach can be the neutralization of the virus entering lung epithelial cells by using sera containing antibodies collected from COVID-19-recovered patients. Hence, we herein propose a pulmonary aerosolized formulation or a nasal drop using sera, which contain antibodies to prevent, treat, or immunize against COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Fatima
- School of Pharmacy, Al-Hawash Private University, Homs, Syria
| | | | - Amjad Ayoub
- School of Pharmacy, Al-Hawash Private University, Homs, Syria
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15
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Ashwaq O, Manickavasagam P, Haque SKM. V483A: an emerging mutation hotspot of SARS-CoV-2. Future Virol 2021; 16:10.2217/fvl-2020-0384. [PMID: 34194534 PMCID: PMC8223177 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the many mutations that have occurred in the viral genome is the V483A mutation, which is a part of the receptor-binding motif present in the S1 domain of the spike protein. V483A mutant virus is popular in North America with 36 cases so far and frequently occurring in recent days. This review compares the wild-type and the V483A mutants to analyze certain factors like the interaction between the virus and host-cell interface, binding affinity, stability, partition energy, hydrophobicity, occurrence rate and transmissibility. This information can be of monumental importance in vaccine and drug development since the mutants can become resistant to the vaccines and monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ashwaq
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City, 31961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pratibha Manickavasagam
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - SK Manirul Haque
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City, 31961, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Peng HT, Rhind SG, Beckett A. Convalescent Plasma for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e25500. [PMID: 33825689 PMCID: PMC8245055 DOI: 10.2196/25500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by a novel coronavirus termed SARS-CoV-2, has spread quickly worldwide. Convalescent plasma (CP) obtained from patients following recovery from COVID-19 infection and development of antibodies against the virus is an attractive option for either prophylactic or therapeutic treatment, since antibodies may have direct or indirect antiviral activities and immunotherapy has proven effective in principle and in many clinical reports. OBJECTIVE We seek to characterize the latest advances and evidence in the use of CP for COVID-19 through a systematic review and quantitative analysis, identify knowledge gaps in this setting, and offer recommendations and directives for future research. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were continuously searched for studies assessing the use of CP for COVID-19, including clinical studies, commentaries, reviews, guidelines or protocols, and in vitro testing of CP antibodies. The screening process and data extraction were performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Quality appraisal of all clinical studies was conducted using a universal tool independent of study designs. A meta-analysis of case-control and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted using a random-effects model. RESULTS Substantial literature has been published covering various aspects of CP therapy for COVID-19. Of the references included in this review, a total of 243 eligible studies including 64 clinical studies, 79 commentary articles, 46 reviews, 19 guidance and protocols, and 35 in vitro testing of CP antibodies matched the criteria. Positive results have been mostly observed so far when using CP for the treatment of COVID-19. There were remarkable heterogeneities in the CP therapy with respect to patient demographics, donor antibody titers, and time and dose of CP administration. The studies assessing the safety of CP treatment reported low incidence of adverse events. Most clinical studies, in particular case reports and case series, had poor quality. Only 1 RCT was of high quality. Randomized and nonrandomized data were found in 2 and 11 studies, respectively, and were included for meta-analysis, suggesting that CP could reduce mortality and increase viral clearance. Despite promising pilot studies, the benefits of CP treatment can only be clearly established through carefully designed RCTs. CONCLUSIONS There is developing support for CP therapy, particularly for patients who are critically ill or mechanically ventilated and resistant to antivirals and supportive care. These studies provide important lessons that should inform the planning of well-designed RCTs to generate more robust knowledge for the efficacy of CP in patients with COVID-19. Future research is necessary to fill the knowledge gap regarding prevention and treatment for patients with COVID-19 with CP while other therapeutics are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry T Peng
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn G Rhind
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Beckett
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Royal Canadian Medical Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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17
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Putter JS. Immunotherapy for COVID-19: Evolving treatment of viral infection and associated adverse immunological reactions. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103093. [PMID: 33610448 PMCID: PMC7881713 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review on COVID-19 immunotherapy enables a comparative analysis of the short-list of currently approved major vaccines. These include the Pfizer and Moderna first mRNA vaccines under FDA purview and the Oxford/AstraZeneca simian adenovirus-vectored vaccine (under UK-MHPRA guidance), all produced in record time, being safe and effective. The Pfizer and Moderna double dose vaccines have the clear edge in treatment efficacy, being in the 90% range compared to AstraZeneca in the average 70%. However, the AZ double dose vaccine has significant advantages with respect to lower cost and stability in storage. We enumerate several potential advances in the technology of the manufacturers: (1) combination vaccines such as testing AstraZeneca's product with a component of the Russian's Sputnik V to achieve durable immunity; (2) the potential for single dose vaccines coming on-line, and with Johnson & Johnson/Janssen; and (3) the need for refined thermotolerant formulations obviating the need for cold storage. As an adjunct to vaccinotherapy, affinity adsorption column technology is another facet recruited in the processing of corona convalescent plasma/cryosupernatant to concentrate neutralizing antibodies against the virus. Clinical trials, to date, of infected patients have been indeterminate as to whether plasmapheresis-based products are effective or not. This is due to the failure to standardize the composition of the plasma derived component, ambiguous clinical indications for use in human subjects, and inconsistent timing of administration in the course of the infection. Known T-cell lymphopenia, which is attendant to progressive viral infection and immune driven inflammation, may be a quantitative surrogate biological marker as to when to start treatment. This is not only for initiating plasmapheresis-based therapeutics but also the judicious selection of ancillary pharmaceuticals, ie. monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins and anti-viral drugs.
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18
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Gontu A, Srinivasan S, Salazar E, Nair MS, Nissly RH, Greenawalt D, Bird IM, Herzog CM, Ferrari MJ, Poojary I, Katani R, Lindner SE, Minns AM, Rossi R, Christensen PA, Castillo B, Chen J, Eagar TN, Yi X, Zhao P, Leveque C, Olsen RJ, Bernard DW, Gollihar J, Kuchipudi SV, Musser JM, Kapur V. Limited window for donation of convalescent plasma with high live-virus neutralizing antibody titers for COVID-19 immunotherapy. Commun Biol 2021; 4:267. [PMID: 33627795 PMCID: PMC7904946 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of individuals who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection may be eligible to participate in convalescent plasma donor programs, yet the optimal window for donating high neutralizing titer convalescent plasma for COVID-19 immunotherapy remains unknown. Here we studied the response trajectories of antibodies directed to the SARS-CoV-2 surface spike glycoprotein and in vitro SARS-CoV-2 live virus neutralizing titers (VN) in 175 convalescent donors longitudinally sampled for up to 142 days post onset of symptoms (DPO). We observed robust IgM, IgG, and viral neutralization responses to SARS-CoV-2 that persist, in the aggregate, for at least 100 DPO. However, there is a notable decline in VN titers ≥160 for convalescent plasma therapy, starting 60 DPO. The results also show that individuals 30 years of age or younger have significantly lower VN, IgG and IgM antibody titers than those in the older age groups; and individuals with greater disease severity also have significantly higher IgM and IgG antibody titers. Taken together, these findings define the optimal window for donating convalescent plasma useful for immunotherapy of COVID-19 patients and reveal important predictors of an ideal plasma donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinay Gontu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sreenidhi Srinivasan
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Eric Salazar
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meera Surendran Nair
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ruth H Nissly
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Denver Greenawalt
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ian M Bird
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Catherine M Herzog
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Ferrari
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Indira Poojary
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Robab Katani
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Scott E Lindner
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Allen M Minns
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Randall Rossi
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Paul A Christensen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Castillo
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Todd N Eagar
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Picheng Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Leveque
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Randall J Olsen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David W Bernard
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jimmy Gollihar
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- CCDC Army Research Laboratory-South, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Suresh V Kuchipudi
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - James M Musser
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Vivek Kapur
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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19
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Aydemir D, Ulusu NN. People with blood disorders can be more vulnerable during COVID-19 pandemic: A hypothesis paper. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103080. [PMID: 33608217 PMCID: PMC7874911 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The world has been encountered with COVID-19 pandemic since at the beginning of 2020 and the number of infected people by COVID-19 is increasing every day. Despite various studies conducted by researchers and doctors, no treatment has been developed until now, therefore self-protection and isolation are strongly recommended to stop the spread of the virus. The elderly population and people with chronic diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer are categorized as risk groups, however, we suggest that people with hemoglobinopathies or porphyria can be described as risk groups as well. Current in silico studies have revealed that the COVID-19 virus can attack heme and hemoglobin metabolisms which are responsible for the oxygen transport to the tissues, iron metabolism, elevated levels of oxidative stress, and tissue damage. Data of the in silico study have been supported with the biochemistry and hemogram results of the COVID-19 patients, for instance hemoglobin levels decreased and serum ferritin and C-reactive protein levels increased. Indicated biochemistry biomarkers are tightly associated with inflammation, iron overload, and oxidative stress. In conclusion, since people with hemoglobinopathies or porphyria have already impaired heme and hemoglobin metabolism, COVID-19 infection can enhance the adverse effects of impaired hemoglobin metabolism and accelerate the progression of severe symptoms in patients with hemoglobinopathies or porphyria compared to the normal individuals. Thus those people can be considered as a risk group and extra precautions should be applied for them to protect them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Aydemir
- Koc University, School of Medicine, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey; Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
- Koc University, School of Medicine, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey; Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
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20
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Ormazabal Vélez I, Induráin Bermejo J, Espinoza Pérez J, Imaz Aguayo L, Delgado Ruiz M, García-Erce JA. Two patients with rituximab associated low gammaglobulin levels and relapsed covid-19 infections treated with convalescent plasma. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103104. [PMID: 33637467 PMCID: PMC7894088 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with haematological malignancies are considered to be a risk group for developing severe Coronavirus disease (Covid-19). Because of the limitations of therapeutic options, the development of new treatment strategies is mandatory, such as convalescent plasma (CP). Herein we report the use of CP therapy as an off-label indication in two lymphoma patients with relapsed COVID-19 in the setting of low gammaglobulin levels because of previous rituximab chemo-immunotherapy. Both were PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 but had an absence of antibodies to the virus more than one month later of symptoms initiation. They developed important respiratory and neurological complications. After CP infusion, neutralising antibodies were detected and viral load dissapeared in both patients leading to clinical improvement with no more Covid-19 relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laura Imaz Aguayo
- Department of Neurology, Navarra University Hospital, Pamplona, Spain
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21
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Shetti NP, Mishra A, Bukkitgar SD, Basu S, Narang J, Raghava Reddy K, Aminabhavi TM. Conventional and Nanotechnology-Based Sensing Methods for SARS Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1178-1190. [PMID: 34192244 PMCID: PMC7874501 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19) has affected over 218 countries and infected 88,512,243 and 1,906,853 deaths reported by Jan. 8, 2021. At present, vaccines are being developed in Europe, Russia, USA, and China, although some of these are in phase III of trials, which are waiting to be available for the general public. The only option available now is by vigorous testing, isolation of the infected cases, and maintaining physical and social distances. Numerous methods are now available or being developed for testing the suspected cases, which may act as carriers of the virus. In this review, efforts have been made to discuss the conventional as well as fast, rapid, and efficient testing methods developed for the diagnosis of 2019-nCoV.Testing methods can be based on the sensing of targets, which include RNA, spike proteins and antibodies such as IgG and IgM. Apart from the development of RNA targeted PCR, antibody and VSV pseudovirus neutralization assay along with several other diagnostic techniques have been developed. Additionally, nanotechnology-based sensors are being developed for the diagnosis of the virus, and these are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraj P. Shetti
- Center
for Electrochemical Science and Materials, Department of Chemistry, K.L.E. Institute of Technology, Hubballi 580 027, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212,South Korea
| | - Shikandar D. Bukkitgar
- Center
for Electrochemical Science and Materials, Department of Chemistry, K.L.E. Institute of Technology, Hubballi 580 027, Karnataka, India
| | - Soumen Basu
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute
of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Jagriti Narang
- Department
of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard
Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Kakarla Raghava Reddy
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Tejraj M. Aminabhavi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Engineering, SET’s
College of Pharmacy, Dharwad, Karnataka 580 002, India
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22
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Ferrey AJ, Hanna R, Reddy UG, Tantisattamo E, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Amin AN. Novel therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 in chronic kidney disease and transplant. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2021; 30:47-53. [PMID: 33186223 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel virus responsible for the current worldwide pandemic. The scientific and healthcare communities have made every effort to discover and implement treatment options at a historic pace. Patients with kidney disease are uniquely vulnerable to an infectious pandemic because of their need to be in frequent contact with the healthcare system for life-sustaining renal replacement therapy whether it be by dialysis or transplant. RECENT FINDINGS The use of targeted viral therapies, extracorporeal therapies, immunosuppressive therapy and public health interventions are important in the management of patients with COVID-19 but require special consideration in patients with kidney disease because of the complexity of their condition. SUMMARY Here, we discuss some of the major efforts made to prevent spread and emerging treatment options for this virus, as they pertain to patients with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoney J Ferrey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine Medical Center
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange
| | - Ramy Hanna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine Medical Center
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange
| | - Uttam G Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine Medical Center
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange
| | - Ekamol Tantisattamo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine Medical Center
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
- Multi-Organ Transplant Center, Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine Medical Center
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
| | - Alpesh N Amin
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
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23
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Masser BM, Ferguson E, Thorpe R, Lawrence C, Davison TE, Hoad V, Gosbell IB. Motivators of and barriers to becoming a COVID-19 convalescent plasma donor: A survey study. Transfus Med 2020; 31:176-185. [PMID: 33368777 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the motivators and barriers to COVID-19 convalescent plasma donation by those in the United Kingdom who have been diagnosed with or who have had symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) but who have not donated. BACKGROUND Convalescent plasma from people recovered from COVID-19 with sufficient antibody titres is a potential option for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. However, to date, recruiting and retaining COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors has been challenging. Understanding why those eligible to donate COVID-19 convalescent plasma have not donated is critical to developing recruitment campaigns. METHODS/MATERIALS A total of 419 UK residents who indicated that they had been infected with COVID-19 and who lived within 50 km of sites collecting COVID-19 convalescent plasma completed an online survey between 25th June and 5th July 2020. Respondents completed items assessing their awareness of convalescent plasma, motivations and barriers to donation and intention to donate COVID-19 convalescent plasma. RESULTS Awareness of COVID-19 convalescent plasma was low. Exploratory factor analysis identified six motivations and seven barriers to donating. A stronger sense of altruism through adversity and moral and civic duty were positively related to intention to donate, whereas generic donation fears was negatively related. CONCLUSIONS Once potential donors are aware of convalescent plasma, interventions should focus on the gratitude and reciprocity that those eligible to donate feel, along with a focus on (potentially) helping family and norms of what people ought to do. Fears associated with donation should not be neglected, and strategies that have been successfully used tor recruit whole-blood donors should be adapted and deployed to recruit COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M Masser
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eamonn Ferguson
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rachel Thorpe
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire Lawrence
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Lawrence Psych Advisory, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tanya E Davison
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Veronica Hoad
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iain B Gosbell
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Colpo A, Astolfi L, Tison T, De Silvestro G, Marson P. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the activity of a Therapeutic Apheresis unit in Italy. Transfus Apher Sci 2020; 59:102925. [PMID: 32912734 PMCID: PMC7446708 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has led to profound and rapid changes in the Italian and Veneto Region Healthcare System. This context also includes the quick reorganization which the Apheresis Unit (AU) of the Padova University Hospital, i.e. the Regional Reference Center for Therapeutic Apheresis (TA), had to face. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study retrospectively evaluated the TA activity (procedures performed, patients treated and consultations) during the COVID-19 pandemic, from March to April 2020, comparing the activity in the same time period in 2018 and 2019. RESULTS In the period analyzed, a significant reduction in both the total number of procedures performed and of patients treated, respectively by 17 % and 16 % for the procedures and by 19 % and 20 % for patients treated compared to the same period of 2018 and 2019, respectively, was observed. A concomitant reduction in requests for TA consultation for new patients (both outpatients and inpatients) was observed, equal to 32 % and 21 % compared to 2018 and 2019, respectively. CONCLUSION Many reasons determined the observed reduction in the TA activity during the recent COVID-19 outbreak. The AU itself was quickly reorganized in terms of location and supplies to allow for the appropriate COVID-19 patients care. Many non urgent cases, after multidisciplinary discussion between Clinicians and Apheresis Specialists, were deferred, maintaining close phone and e-mail contact with patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Colpo
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy.
| | - L Astolfi
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - T Tison
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - G De Silvestro
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - P Marson
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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25
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Hassan MO, Osman AA, Elbasit HEA, Hassan HE, Rufai H, Satti MMM, Elnegoumi M, Idris R, Musa A, Ali AH, Zroog SA, Altayb ADA, Khairy A, Allam M, Abdelhalim ATI. Convalescent plasma as a treatment modality for coronavirus disease 2019 in Sudan. Transfus Apher Sci 2020; 59:102918. [PMID: 32900597 PMCID: PMC7450236 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease spreading rapidly in Sudan, the rest of the African continent and the world with no known definitive treatment or vaccines. However, among many treatment interventions being tested globally, beneficial effects and clinical improvements have been reported when convalescent plasma is used for treating COVID-19 patients. We prepared a guiding protocol for treating early to moderate COVID-19 patients with plasma transfusion from convalescent COVID-19 patients. This protocol was deduced based on previously published reports and studies that evaluated and tested convalescent plasma as a prospective therapy for COVID-19 patients. The protocol covers instructions on patient and donor selection criteria, plasma harvesting, plasma product specifications, dosage and precautions for convalescent plasma collection and transfusion process. Altogether, we prepared a treatment protocol that is tailored to the context of Sudan to be adopted by Sudan's health authority. Moreover, it will also provide reference for researchers to design open label clinical trials for convalescent plasma transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozan Osman Hassan
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Omdurman Ahlia University, Sudan.
| | - Asma Ahmed Osman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan
| | | | | | - Hala Rufai
- National Blood Transfusion Services, Federal Ministry of Health, Sudan
| | - Maria M M Satti
- National Blood Transfusion Services, Federal Ministry of Health, Sudan
| | - Musab Elnegoumi
- Diseases Control Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Sudan
| | - Roaa Idris
- University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Abdelhakam H Ali
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Al Butana, Sudan
| | - Susan Ali Zroog
- Faculty of Applied Medical Science, University of Al Butana, Sudan
| | | | - Amna Khairy
- Diseases Control Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Sudan
| | - Mushal Allam
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
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26
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Samad N, Sodunke TE, Banna HA, Sapkota A, Fatema AN, Iskandar K, Jahan D, Hardcastle TC, Nusrat T, Chowdhury TS, Haque M. Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Management of COVID-19: Perspectives and Deployment in the Current Global Pandemic. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:2707-2728. [PMID: 33262668 PMCID: PMC7695687 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s281388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is striving against the severe crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare professionals are struggling to treat their patients based on nonspecific therapies. Amidst this uncertainty, convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) has appeared to be an interim adjuvant therapy for severely ill patients of COVID-19 until long-term clinical trial treatment options are available. Considering the transfusion-related hazards, especially lung injuries and microbial transmission, where sensitivity is not ensured, rigorous trials should be conducted to determine this therapy's efficacy. Moreover, the ratio of recovered cases to plasma donors is not satisfying, which questioning this therapy's availability and accessibility. Although some countries are making the treatment free, the attributable cost mandates a justification for its suitability and sustainability. Our article aimed to review the published facts and findings of CPT's effectiveness in lowering the mortality rate of COVID-19. This pandemic showed that healthcare systems worldwide need core reform. A unified global collaboration must align and coordinate to face the current pandemic and enhance world readiness for future outbreaks based on health equity and equality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandeeta Samad
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka1229, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hasan Al Banna
- Institute of Social Welfare and Research, University of Dhaka, Dhaka1000, Bangladesh
| | - Ashmita Sapkota
- Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | | | - Katia Iskandar
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dilshad Jahan
- Department of Hematology, Asgar Ali Hospital, Dhaka1204, Bangladesh
| | - Timothy Craig Hardcastle
- Department of Surgery, Nelson R Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo, Berea4001, South Africa
| | - Tanzina Nusrat
- Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram4203, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur57000, Malaysia
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27
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Putter JS, Seghatchian J. An update on COVID-19 infection control measures, plasma-based therapeutics, corticosteroid pharmacotherapy and vaccine research. Transfus Apher Sci 2020; 59:102934. [PMID: 32948465 PMCID: PMC7471798 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This communication provides a compilation on aspects of COVID-19 infection control measures, describes the potential role of therapeutic plasma exchange to reduce fatality rates, addresses precautions concerning dexamethasone pharmacotherapy and updates the current status on the availability of vaccines. As part of passive immunotherapy, it focuses on various blood derivatives. These include coronavirus neutralising antibodies extracted from different sources to be administered as a pure hyper concentrate intramuscularly or for upgrading and standardising the specific potency of high affinity antibodies. These processes are intended to compose standardised pooled bioproducts of corona convalescent plasma/cryosupernatant that are pathogen inactivated for additional safety by well-established UV technologies. For the best practice of optimising plasma exchange, hyper concentrate NAb should be added to the cryosupernatant, which contains some of the active principles of corona convalescent plasma. The cryosupernatant apart from the high molecular weight viscous part of cold insoluble proteins that are removed, is equivalent to CCP, but makes it safer for general application. Such a bioproduct is often used routinely for substitution therapy of thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura. Alternative resources of large-scale specific coronavirus antibodies warrant further exploration such as cadaveric donations. The early uses of therapeutic plasma exchange and low molecular weight heparin, for any clinical trial in development is warranted, in order to interdict the intense inflammatory/kinin driven cascade. Because coronavirus positive patients are highly prone to thrombosis, thromboprophylaxis is necessary, even some time after recovery guided by the laboratory data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Putter
- Medical Biomechanics Inc., 100 E. San Marcos Blvd., #400, San Marcos, North San Diego County), CA 92069, United States.
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Strategic Safety/Quality Improvements of Blood- Derived Bioproducts and Suppliers Quality Audit / Inspection, London, England, UK.
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28
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Gilmutdinova IR, Yakovlev MY, Eremin PS, Fesun AD. Prospects of plasmapheresis for patients with severe COVID-19. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30:9165. [PMID: 33117508 PMCID: PMC7582395 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2020.9165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization officially named the infection caused by the new coronavirus "Coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19). On February 11, 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) officially named the infectious matter "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2). Emergence of severe complications with new coronavirus disease is due to the development of hypercytokinaemia, also known as "cytokine storm". These complications comprise acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure and death. Emerging data point to the logic of using extracorporeal haemocorrection to normalise cytokine levels and reduce the severity of organ disorders. The analysis of the literature indicates that to date, a certain positive experience has been accumulated in the world in the application of extracorporeal methods in clinical practice in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilmira R. Gilmutdinova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Centre for Rehabilitation and Balneology” of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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29
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Duyu M, Turkozkan C. Therapeutic plasma exchange in the pediatric intensive care unit: A single-center 5-Year experience. Transfus Apher Sci 2020; 59:102959. [PMID: 33011077 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to characterize clinical indications, safety and outcome with the use of TPE in critically ill children. All TPE procedures performed in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) during a 5-year period were retrospectively evaluated. A total of 75 patients underwent 249 sessions of TPE. Sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was the most common indication with 29.3 %. American Society for Apheresis classifications were as follows: Category I: 24 %, Category II: 16 %, Category III: 45.3 % and Category IV: 4%, while 10.7 % of the patients could not be classified. TPE was performed without any adjunct procedures in 188 sessions (75.5 %), while it was combined with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in 49 sessions (19.7 %) and with CRRT and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in 12 (4.8 %) sessions. Overall survival rate was 73.3 %. The survival rate in patients requiring only TPE was 86.5 %, while the survival rates of patients who had CRRT and ECMO were 45 % and 33.3 %, respectively. Complications associated with the procedure occurred in 48 (19.2 %) TPE sessions. The lowest survival rate (31.9 %) was in patients with sepsis-induced MODS. Finally, we also found significantly higher organ failure rate, mechanical ventilation requirement, and PRISM III score at PICU admission in non-survivors. Our experience indicates that TPE can be performed relatively safely in critically ill children with appropriate treatment indications. Survival rate may vary depending on the underlying disease; however, it must be noted that survival rate is very high in children requiring TPE only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhterem Duyu
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ceren Turkozkan
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey.
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30
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Seghatchian J, Acker JP, Putter JS. Update on newer approaches to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection: What we all need the most right now!! Transfus Apher Sci 2020; 59:102933. [PMID: 32919879 PMCID: PMC7470817 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) therapy involves the use of circulating antibodies administration from recovered COVID 19 patients as a practical strategy to provide immediate passive immunity in susceptible recipients in need. Global concern over the potential for “second” or “third” waves of infection to occur before effective vaccines or drug therapies are available has many looking at other biological sources for large-scale production of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. This report summarizes some of the novel strategies for developing alternative safe sources of therapeutic autologous antibodies from COVID ‐19 infected patients, and provides some original thoughts on how to rapidly implement a safe passive immunity in those COVID-19 patients who are most in need of intervention. COVID-19 antibodies can be isolated or delivered using a number of other techniques including: plasmapheresis, plasma cryoprecipitate reduced (cryosupernatant), antibody hyperconcentrates and advanced cell-based delivery systems. While these proposed technological options may, in some cases, be theoretical, the growing concern over the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has prompted many to pursue innovative and creative solutions to reduce the mortality and morbidity resulting from the current global pandemic. A comparative analysis of various strategies currently in use deserved exploring and this highlighted separately as the essential part of this concise theme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Strategic Safety/ Quality Innovations of Blood- Derived Bioproducts and Quality Audit / Inspection, London, England, UK
| | - Jason P Acker
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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31
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Akkoyunlu Y, Cetin G, Bolukcu S, Okay G, Ogun H, Durdu B, Okyaltirik F, Karaaslan K. The successful management of an elderly Covid-19 infected patient by plasmapheresis. Transfus Apher Sci 2020; 59:102924. [PMID: 32883594 PMCID: PMC7446620 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Akkoyunlu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Guven Cetin
- Department of Hematology, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Bolukcu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulay Okay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hamza Ogun
- Department of Chest Diseases, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bulent Durdu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatmanur Okyaltirik
- Department of Chest Diseases, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kazim Karaaslan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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32
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Marson P, Cozza A, De Silvestro G. The true historical origin of convalescent plasma therapy. Transfus Apher Sci 2020; 59:102847. [PMID: 32565057 PMCID: PMC7289739 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Marson
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cozza
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Italy
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33
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Cantore I, Valente P. Convalescent plasma from COVID 19 patients enhances intensive care unit survival rate. A preliminary report. Transfus Apher Sci 2020; 59:102848. [PMID: 32888822 PMCID: PMC7283069 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Italo Cantore
- San Carlo Regional Hospital, Via Potito Petrone, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
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34
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Haque M. The COVID-19 Pandemic - A Global Public Health Crisis: A Brief Overview Regarding Pharmacological Interventions. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2020.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mainul Haque
- Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Malaysia
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