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Ehrlich KB, Lyle SM, Corallo KL, Lavner JA, Ross TM. Changes in depressive symptoms and antibody production following influenza vaccination in adolescents and adults. Vaccine 2024; 42:3585-3591. [PMID: 38702230 PMCID: PMC11128339 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychological distress has been associated with dampened antibody production following vaccination. Questions remain, however, about whether psychological distress influences vaccine response uniformly across the lifespan, and whether changes in distress result in changes in antibody production across the same period. METHODS Participants (N = 148; Mage = 32.2 years, SD = 19.7, range = 12-80 years) took part in consecutive vaccine studies during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 influenza seasons. Each influenza season, they reported on their depressive symptoms, provided blood samples, and received the standard influenza vaccine. Participants then provided a second blood sample one month later. Antibody titers were examined pre- and post-vaccination. RESULTS Analyses examined both within-season and across-season effects of depressive symptoms, age, and their interaction on vaccine response. Within-season analyses revealed that age predicted antibody response during both seasons (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). Neither depressive symptoms nor the interaction with age were associated with antibody response to vaccination within either season. Across the two seasons, age significantly moderated the association between change in depressive symptoms and change in antibody production. For people who were 48 or older, increases in depressive symptoms across the two seasons were associated with a less robust response to the vaccine in the second season relative to the first season. For people younger than 48, changes in depressive symptoms were not significantly related to changes in antibody production. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the important role of mental health for older adults' vaccine response, which could have clinical relevance for protection against disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Ehrlich
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Sarah M Lyle
- Psychology Discipline, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Kelsey L Corallo
- Georgia Health Policy Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Justin A Lavner
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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2
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Kister I, Curtin R, Piquet AL, Borko T, Pei J, Banbury BL, Bacon TE, Kim A, Tuen M, Velmurugu Y, Nyovanie S, Selva S, Samanovic MI, Mulligan MJ, Patskovsky Y, Priest J, Cabatingan M, Winger RC, Krogsgaard M, Silverman GJ. Longitudinal study of immunity to SARS-CoV2 in ocrelizumab-treated MS patients up to 2 years after COVID-19 vaccination. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024. [PMID: 38713096 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To plot the trajectory of humoral and cellular immune responses to the primary (two-dose) COVID-19 mRNA series and the third/booster dose in B-cell-depleted multiple sclerosis (MS) patients up to 2 years post-vaccination; (2) to identify predictors of immune responses to vaccination; and (3) to assess the impact of intercurrent COVID-19 infections on SARS CoV-2-specific immunity. METHODS Sixty ocrelizumab-treated MS patients were enrolled from NYU (New York) and University of Colorado (Anschutz) MS Centers. Samples were collected pre-vaccination, and then 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks post-primary series, and 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks post-booster. Binding anti-Spike antibody responses were assessed with multiplex bead-based immunoassay (MBI) and electrochemiluminescence (Elecsys®, Roche Diagnostics), and neutralizing antibody responses with live-virus immunofluorescence-based microneutralization assay. Spike-specific cellular responses were assessed with IFNγ/IL-2 ELISpot (Invitrogen) and, in a subset, by sequencing complementarity determining regions (CDR)-3 within T-cell receptors (Adaptive Biotechnologies). A linear mixed-effect model was used to compare antibody and cytokine levels across time points. Multivariate analyses identified predictors of immune responses. RESULTS The primary vaccination induced an 11- to 208-fold increase in binding and neutralizing antibody levels and a 3- to 4-fold increase in IFNγ/IL-2 responses, followed by a modest decline in antibody but not cytokine responses. Booster dose induced a further 3- to 5-fold increase in binding antibodies and 4- to 5-fold increase in IFNγ/IL-2, which were maintained for up to 1 year. Infections had a variable impact on immunity. INTERPRETATION Humoral and cellular benefits of COVID-19 vaccination in B-cell-depleted MS patients were sustained for up to 2 years when booster doses were administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Kister
- NYU Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Curtin
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amanda L Piquet
- Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tyler Borko
- Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jinglan Pei
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Tamar E Bacon
- NYU Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angie Kim
- NYU Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Tuen
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yogambigai Velmurugu
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samantha Nyovanie
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sean Selva
- Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marie I Samanovic
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yury Patskovsky
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Ryan C Winger
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michelle Krogsgaard
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gregg J Silverman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Davies LRL, Wang C, Steigler P, Bowman KA, Fischinger S, Hatherill M, Fisher M, Mbandi SK, Rodo M, Ottenhoff THM, Dockrell HM, Sutherland JS, Mayanja-Kizza H, Boom WH, Walzl G, Kaufmann SHE, Nemes E, Scriba TJ, Lauffenburger D, Alter G, Fortune SM. Age and sex influence antibody profiles associated with tuberculosis progression. Nat Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41564-024-01678-x. [PMID: 38658786 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Antibody features vary with tuberculosis (TB) disease state. Whether clinical variables, such as age or sex, influence associations between Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibody responses and disease state is not well explored. Here we profiled Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibody responses in 140 TB-exposed South African individuals from the Adolescent Cohort Study. We identified distinct response features in individuals progressing to active TB from non-progressing, matched controls. A multivariate antibody score differentially associated with progression (SeroScore) identified progressors up to 2 years before TB diagnosis, earlier than that achieved with the RISK6 transcriptional signature of progression. We validated these antibody response features in the Grand Challenges 6-74 cohort. Both the SeroScore and RISK6 correlated better with risk of TB progression in adolescents compared with adults, and in males compared with females. This suggests that age and sex are important, underappreciated modifiers of antibody responses associated with TB progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela R L Davies
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chuangqi Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pia Steigler
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kathryn A Bowman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle Fisher
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stanley Kimbung Mbandi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Miguel Rodo
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hazel M Dockrell
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Jayne S Sutherland
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - W Henry Boom
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Sarah M Fortune
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Serwanga J, Ankunda V, Katende JS, Baine C, Oluka GK, Odoch G, Nantambi H, Mugaba S, Namuyanja A, Ssali I, Ejou P, Kato L, Musenero M, Kaleebu P. Sustained S-IgG and S-IgA antibodies to Moderna's mRNA-1273 vaccine in a Sub-Saharan African cohort suggests need for booster timing reconsiderations. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1348905. [PMID: 38357547 PMCID: PMC10864610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study sought to elucidate the long-term antibody responses to the Moderna mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine within a Ugandan cohort, aiming to contribute to the sparse data on m-RNA vaccine immunogenicity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We tracked the development and persistence of the elicited antibodies in 19 participants aged 18 to 67, who received two doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccine. A validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies against the spike (S) and nucleoproteins (N). The study's temporal scope extended from the baseline to one year, capturing immediate and long-term immune responses. Statistical analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon test to evaluate changes in antibody levels across predetermined intervals with the Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons. Results Our results showed a significant initial rise in spike-directed IgG (S-IgG) and spike-directed IgA (S-IgA) levels, which remained elevated for the duration of the study. The S-IgG concentrations peaked 14 days afterboosting, while spike-directed IgM (S-IgM) levels were transient, aligning with their early response role. Notably, post-booster antibody concentrations did not significantly change. Prior S-IgG status influenced the post-priming S-IgA dynamics, with baseline S-IgG positive individuals maintaining higher S-IgA responses, a difference that did not reach statistical difference post-boost. Three instances of breakthrough infections: two among participants who exhibited baseline seropositivity for S-IgG, and one in a participant initially seronegative for S-IgG. Discussion In conclusion, the mRNA-1273 vaccine elicited robust and persistent S-IgG and S-IgA antibody responses, particularly after the first dose, indicating potential for long-term immunity. Prior viral exposure enhances post-vaccination S-IgA responses compared to naive individuals, which aligned with the prior-naïve, post-boost. The stable antibody levels observed post-booster dose, remaining high over an extended period, with no significant secondary rise, and no difference by baseline exposure, suggest that initial vaccination may sufficiently prime the immune system for prolonged protection in this population, allowing for potential to delay booster schedules as antibody responses remained high at the time of boosting. This finding calls for a reassessment of the booster dose scheduling in this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Serwanga
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Violet Ankunda
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Joseph Ssebwana Katende
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Claire Baine
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Gerald Kevin Oluka
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Geoffrey Odoch
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Hellen Nantambi
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Susan Mugaba
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Angella Namuyanja
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Ivan Ssali
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Peter Ejou
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Laban Kato
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Monica Musenero
- Science, Technology, and Innovation Secretariat, Office of the President, Government of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Viral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
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5
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Bjerkhaug AU, Ramalingham S, Mboizi R, Le Doare K, Klingenberg C. The immunogenicity and safety of Group B Streptococcal maternal vaccines: A systematic review. Vaccine 2024; 42:84-98. [PMID: 38072754 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically review immunogenicity and safety data of maternal group B streptococcal (GBS) vaccines in published clinical trials until July 2023. METHODS EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and clinicaltrial.gov. databases were searched for clinical studies that reported immunogenicity and/or safety of GBS vaccine in non-pregnant adults, pregnant women and infants between 1st of January 1996 to 31st of July 2023. Pairs of reviewers independently selected, data extracted, and assessed the risk of bias of the studies. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. (PROSPERO CRD42020185213). RESULTS We retrieved 1472 records from the literature search; 20 studies and 6 sub-studies were included, involving 4440 non-pregnant participants and 1325 pregnant women with their newborns. There was a significantly higher IgG Geometric Mean Concentration (GMC) and IgG placental transfer ratios in vaccinated compared to placebo groups, with peak response 4-8 weeks after vaccination. Placental transfer ratio varied from 0.4 to 1.4 across five studies. The different clinical trials used different assays that limited direct comparison. There were no significant differences in the risk of serious adverse events (adjusted OR 0.73; 95 % CI 0.49-1.07), serious adverse events leading to withdrawal (adjusted OR 0.44; 95 % CI 0.13-1.51), and systemic illness or fever (adjusted OR 1.05; 95 % CI 0.26-4.19) between the vaccine and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS The published clinical trials show significant IgG GMC response in subjects receiving the conjugated capsular polysaccharide and surface subunit protein vaccines compared to placebo. In current clinical trials of experimental GBS maternal vaccines, there have been no observed serious adverse events of special interest directly linked to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline U Bjerkhaug
- Paediatric Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Shouwmika Ramalingham
- Paediatric Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Robert Mboizi
- Makerere University Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration (MUJHU CARE LTD), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kirsty Le Doare
- Makerere University Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration (MUJHU CARE LTD), Kampala, Uganda; Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Maternal and Neonatal Vaccine Immunology Research Group, St Georgés University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Klingenberg
- Paediatric Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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6
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Roh T, Regan AK, Johnson NM, Hasan NT, Trisha NF, Aggarwal A, Han D. Association of arsenic exposure with measles antibody titers in US children: Influence of sex and serum folate levels. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108329. [PMID: 38071850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic during childhood is associated with various adverse health conditions. However, little is known about the effect of arsenic exposure on vaccine-related humoral immunity in children. We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2004 and 2009-2010) to study the relationship between urinary arsenic and measles antibody levels in 476 US children aged 6-11. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the association, adjusting for cycle, age, race, body mass index (BMI), serum cotinine, poverty index ratio, and vitamin B12 and selenium intakes. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex and serum folate levels using the median as cutoff (18.7 ng/mL). The measles antibody concentrations in the 3rd and 4th quartiles were found to have significantly decreased by 28.5 % (95 % Confidence Interval (CI) -47.6, -2.28) and 36.8 % (95 % CI -50.2, -19.5), compared to the lowest quartile among boys with serum folate levels lower than 18.7 ng/ml. The serum measles antibody titers significantly decreased by 16.7 % (95 %CI -25.0, -7.61) for each doubling of creatinine-corrected urinary total inorganic arsenic concentrations in the same group. No associations were found in boys with high serum folate levels or in girls. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and develop interventions to protect children from infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyun Roh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Annette K Regan
- School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Natalie M Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Nishat Tasnim Hasan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Nusrat Fahmida Trisha
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Anisha Aggarwal
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Daikwon Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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7
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Slight-Webb S, Thomas K, Smith M, Wagner CA, Macwana S, Bylinska A, Donato M, Dvorak M, Chang SE, Kuo A, Cheung P, Kalesinskas L, Ganesan A, Dermadi D, Guthridge CJ, DeJager W, Wright C, Foecke MH, Merrill JT, Chakravarty E, Arriens C, Maecker HT, Khatri P, Utz PJ, James JA, Guthridge JM. Ancestry-based differences in the immune phenotype are associated with lupus activity. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e169584. [PMID: 37606045 PMCID: PMC10543734 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects 1 in 537 Black women, which is >2-fold more than White women. Black patients develop the disease at a younger age, have more severe symptoms, and have a greater chance of early mortality. We used a multiomics approach to uncover ancestry-associated immune alterations in patients with SLE and healthy controls that may contribute biologically to disease disparities. Cell composition, signaling, epigenetics, and proteomics were evaluated by mass cytometry; droplet-based single-cell transcriptomics and proteomics; and bead-based multiplex soluble mediator levels in plasma. We observed altered whole blood frequencies and enhanced activity in CD8+ T cells, B cells, monocytes, and DCs in Black patients with more active disease. Epigenetic modifications in CD8+ T cells (H3K27ac) could distinguish disease activity level in Black patients and differentiate Black from White patient samples. TLR3/4/7/8/9-related gene expression was elevated in immune cells from Black patients with SLE, and TLR7/8/9 and IFN-α phospho-signaling and cytokine responses were heightened even in immune cells from healthy Black control patients compared with White individuals. TLR stimulation of healthy immune cells recapitulated the ancestry-associated SLE immunophenotypes. This multiomic resource defines ancestry-associated immune phenotypes that differ between Black and White patients with SLE, which may influence the course and severity of SLE and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Slight-Webb
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kevin Thomas
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Miles Smith
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Catriona A. Wagner
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Susan Macwana
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Aleksandra Bylinska
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michele Donato
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Mai Dvorak
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | | | - Alex Kuo
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Peggie Cheung
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Laurynas Kalesinskas
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Ananthakrishnan Ganesan
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Denis Dermadi
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Carla J. Guthridge
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Wade DeJager
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Christian Wright
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mariko H. Foecke
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joan T. Merrill
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Eliza Chakravarty
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Cristina Arriens
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Paul J. Utz
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Judith A. James
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Joel M. Guthridge
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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8
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Haslund MM, Sørensen JK, Graff Stensballe L. Genetics and measles, mumps and rubella vaccine response in childhood and adolescence-A systematic review. Scand J Immunol 2023; 97:e13266. [PMID: 38157324 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) are contagious infectious diseases that can be prevented by immunization. However, MMR infections can occur in previously immunized individuals. The vaccine response is, among other factors, influenced by the combined effects of many genes. This systematic review investigates the genetic influence on measles, mumps and rubella antibody responses after childhood vaccination. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), systematic literature searches were conducted in the medical databases PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Search strings were adjusted for each database. Citations were included if they measured and compared the immune response with immunogenetics after vaccination with a vaccine containing one or more of the following components: measles, mumps and/or rubella, MMR. The measure of vaccine response studied was antibodies after vaccination. Forty-eight articles were included in the final analysis. The results suggest that genetic determinants, including host genes, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in immune-related genes influence the MMR antibody responses after vaccination. Specifically, replicated associations were found between HLA, CD46, RARB, IRF9, EIF2AK2, cytokine genes and MMR vaccine-induced humoral immune responses. This knowledge can be useful in understanding and predicting immune responses and may have implications for future vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mykløy Haslund
- The Child and Adolescent Clinic, The Juliane Marie Center, The Danish National University Hospital "Rigshospitalet", 9-Blegdamsvej, DK-2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Jesper Kiehn Sørensen
- The Child and Adolescent Clinic, The Juliane Marie Center, The Danish National University Hospital "Rigshospitalet", 9-Blegdamsvej, DK-2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Lone Graff Stensballe
- The Child and Adolescent Clinic, The Juliane Marie Center, The Danish National University Hospital "Rigshospitalet", 9-Blegdamsvej, DK-2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark
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9
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Telesford KM, Amezcua L, Tardo L, Horton L, Lund BT, Reder AT, Vartanian T, Monson NL. Understanding humoral immunity and multiple sclerosis severity in Black, and Latinx patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1172993. [PMID: 37215103 PMCID: PMC10196635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
People identified with Black/African American or Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity are more likely to exhibit a more severe multiple sclerosis disease course relative to those who identify as White. While social determinants of health account for some of this discordant severity, investigation into contributing immunobiology remains sparse. The limited immunologic data stands in stark contrast to the volume of clinical studies describing ethnicity-associated discordant presentation, and to advancement made in our understanding of MS immunopathogenesis over the past several decades. In this perspective, we posit that humoral immune responses offer a promising avenue to better understand underpinnings of discordant MS severity among Black/African American, and Hispanic/Latinx-identifying patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiel M. Telesford
- Department of Neurology, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lilyana Amezcua
- Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lauren Tardo
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UT), Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Lindsay Horton
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UT), Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Brett T. Lund
- Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anthony T. Reder
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Timothy Vartanian
- Department of Neurology, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nancy L. Monson
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UT), Dallas, TX, United States
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10
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Martin CA, Nazareth J, Jarkhi A, Pan D, Das M, Logan N, Scott S, Bryant L, Abeywickrama N, Adeoye O, Ahmed A, Asif A, Bandi S, George N, Gohar M, Gray LJ, Kaszuba R, Mangwani J, Martin M, Moorthy A, Renals V, Teece L, Vail D, Khunti K, Moss P, Tattersall A, Hallis B, Otter AD, Rowe C, Willett BJ, Haldar P, Cooper A, Pareek M. Ethnic differences in cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in UK healthcare workers: a cross-sectional analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 58:101926. [PMID: 37034357 PMCID: PMC10071048 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have compared SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity by ethnic group. We sought to establish whether cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination differ according to ethnicity in UK Healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods In this cross-sectional analysis, we used baseline data from two immunological cohort studies conducted in HCWs in Leicester, UK. Blood samples were collected between March 3, and September 16, 2021. We excluded HCW who had not received two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine at the time of sampling and those who had serological evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Outcome measures were SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific total antibody titre, neutralising antibody titre and ELISpot count. We compared our outcome measures by ethnic group using univariable (t tests and rank-sum tests depending on distribution) and multivariable (linear regression for antibody titres and negative binomial regression for ELISpot counts) tests. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for age, sex, vaccine type, length of interval between vaccine doses and time between vaccine administration and sample collection and expressed as adjusted geometric mean ratios (aGMRs) or adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs). To assess differences in the early immune response to vaccination we also conducted analyses in a subcohort who provided samples between 14 and 50 days after their second dose of vaccine. Findings The total number of HCWs in each analysis were 401 for anti-spike antibody titres, 345 for neutralising antibody titres and 191 for ELISpot. Overall, 25.4% (19.7% South Asian and 5.7% Black/Mixed/Other) were from ethnic minority groups. In analyses including the whole cohort, neutralising antibody titres were higher in South Asian HCWs than White HCWs (aGMR 1.47, 95% CI [1.06-2.06], P = 0.02) as were T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 S1 peptides (aIRR 1.75, 95% CI [1.05-2.89], P = 0.03). In a subcohort sampled between 14 and 50 days after second vaccine dose, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibody and neutralising antibody geometric mean titre (GMT) was higher in South Asian HCWs compared to White HCWs (9616 binding antibody units (BAU)/ml, 95% CI [7178-12,852] vs 5888 BAU/ml [5023-6902], P = 0.008 and 2851 95% CI [1811-4487] vs 1199 [984-1462], P < 0.001 respectively), increments which persisted after adjustment (aGMR 1.26, 95% CI [1.01-1.58], P = 0.04 and aGMR 2.01, 95% CI [1.34-3.01], P = 0.001). SARS-CoV-2 ELISpot responses to S1 and whole spike peptides (S1 + S2 response) were higher in HCWs from South Asian ethnic groups than those from White groups (S1: aIRR 2.33, 95% CI [1.09-4.94], P = 0.03; spike: aIRR, 2.04, 95% CI [1.02-4.08]). Interpretation This study provides evidence that, in an infection naïve cohort, humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are stronger in South Asian HCWs than White HCWs. These differences are most clearly seen in the early period following vaccination. Further research is required to understand the underlying mechanisms, whether differences persist with further exposure to vaccine or virus, and the potential impact on vaccine effectiveness. Funding DIRECT and BELIEVE have received funding from UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) through the COVID-19 National Core Studies Immunity (NCSi) programme (MC_PC_20060).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Martin
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Joshua Nazareth
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Amar Jarkhi
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel Pan
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Mrinal Das
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nicola Logan
- University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sam Scott
- University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luke Bryant
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Oluwatobi Adeoye
- Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Aleem Ahmed
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Aqua Asif
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Srini Bandi
- Department of Paediatrics, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - Nisha George
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Marjan Gohar
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Laura J. Gray
- Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ross Kaszuba
- Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jitendra Mangwani
- Academic Team of Musculoskeletal Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Marianne Martin
- Children's Intensive Care Unit, Leicester Children's Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Arumugam Moorthy
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Valerie Renals
- Research Space, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - Lucy Teece
- Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Denny Vail
- Research Space, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Bassam Hallis
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | | | - Cathy Rowe
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Brian J. Willett
- University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pranab Haldar
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrea Cooper
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Manish Pareek
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
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11
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Klingler J, Lambert GS, Bandres JC, Emami-Gorizi R, Nádas A, Oguntuyo KY, Amanat F, Bermúdez-González MC, Gleason C, Kleiner G, Simon V, Lee B, Zolla-Pazner S, Upadhyay C, Hioe CE. Immune profiles to distinguish hospitalized versus ambulatory COVID-19 cases in older patients. iScience 2022; 25:105608. [PMID: 36406863 PMCID: PMC9666267 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A fraction of patients with COVID-19 develops severe disease requiring hospitalization, while the majority, including high-risk individuals, experience mild symptoms. Severe disease has been associated with higher levels of antibodies and inflammatory cytokines but often among patients with diverse demographics and comorbidity status. This study evaluated hospitalized vs. ambulatory patients with COVID-19 with demographic risk factors for severe COVID-19: median age of 63, >80% male, and >85% black and/or Hispanic. Sera were collected four to 243 days after symptom onset and evaluated for binding and functional antibodies as well as 48 cytokines and chemokines. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels and functions were similar in ambulatory and hospitalized patients. However, a strong correlation between anti-S2 antibody levels and the other antibody parameters, along with higher IL-27 levels, was observed in hospitalized but not ambulatory cases. These data indicate that antibodies against the relatively conserved S2 spike subunit and immunoregulatory cytokines such as IL-27 are potential immune determinants of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéromine Klingler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Gregory S. Lambert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan C. Bandres
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Arthur Nádas
- Department of Environment Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria C. Bermúdez-González
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Gleason
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giulio Kleiner
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Zolla-Pazner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chitra Upadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catarina E. Hioe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Howard FHN, Kwan A, Winder N, Mughal A, Collado-Rojas C, Muthana M. Understanding Immune Responses to Viruses-Do Underlying Th1/Th2 Cell Biases Predict Outcome? Viruses 2022; 14:1493. [PMID: 35891472 PMCID: PMC9324514 DOI: 10.3390/v14071493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases have increased in number and geographical extent during the last decades. Examples include the current COVID-19 pandemic and the recent epidemics of the Chikungunya, Ebola, and Zika viruses. Immune responses to viruses have been well-characterised within the innate and adaptive immunity pathways with the outcome following viral infection predominantly attributed to properties of the virus and circumstances of the infection. Perhaps the belief that the immune system is often considered as a reactive component of host defence, springing into action when a threat is detected, has contributed to a poorer understanding of the inherent differences in an individual's immune system in the absence of any pathology. In this review, we focus on how these host factors (age, ethnicity, underlying pathologies) may skew the T helper cell response, thereby influencing the outcome following viral infection but also whether we can use these inherent biases to predict patients at risk of a deviant response and apply strategies to avoid or overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith H. N. Howard
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (A.K.); (N.W.); (A.M.); (C.C.-R.); (M.M.)
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13
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Mulamba C, Williams C, Kreppel K, Ouedraogo JB, Olotu AI. Evaluation of the Pfs25-IMX313/Matrix-M malaria transmission-blocking candidate vaccine in endemic settings. Malar J 2022; 21:159. [PMID: 35655174 PMCID: PMC9161629 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria control relies heavily on the use of anti-malarial drugs and insecticides against malaria parasites and mosquito vectors. Drug and insecticide resistance threatens the effectiveness of conventional malarial interventions; alternative control approaches are, therefore, needed. The development of malaria transmission-blocking vaccines that target the sexual stages in humans or mosquito vectors is among new approaches being pursued. Here, the immunological mechanisms underlying malaria transmission blocking, status of Pfs25-based vaccines are viewed, as well as approaches and capacity for first in-human evaluation of a transmission-blocking candidate vaccine Pfs25-IMX313/Matrix-M administered to semi-immune healthy individuals in endemic settings. It is concluded that institutions in low and middle income settings should be supported to conduct first-in human vaccine trials in order to stimulate innovative research and reduce the overdependence on developed countries for research and local interventions against many diseases of public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mulamba
- Interventions & Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.,Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Tengeru, P. O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Chris Williams
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Katharina Kreppel
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Tengeru, P. O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | | | - Ally I Olotu
- Interventions & Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.
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14
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Sentana-Lledo D, Sartor O, Balk SP, Einstein DJ. Immune mechanisms behind prostate cancer in men of African ancestry: A review. Prostate 2022; 82:883-893. [PMID: 35254710 PMCID: PMC9875381 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men of African ancestry (AA) with prostate cancer suffer from worse outcomes. However, a recent analysis of patients treated with the dendritic cell vaccine sipuleucel-T for prostate cancer suggested that AA patients could have improved outcomes relative to whites. METHODS We conducted a focused literature review of Medline-indexed articles and clinical trials listed on clinicaltrials.gov. RESULTS We identify several studies pointing to enrichment of inflammatory cellular infiltrates and cytokine signaling among AA patients with prostate cancer. We outline potential genomic and transcriptomic alterations that may contribute to immunogenicity. Last, we investigate differences in host immunity and vaccine responsiveness that may be enhanced in AA patients. CONCLUSIONS AA patients with prostate cancer may be enriched for an immunogenic phenotype. Dedicated studies are needed to better understand the immune mechanisms that contribute to existing cancer disparities and test immune-based therapies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sentana-Lledo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oliver Sartor
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Steven P. Balk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J. Einstein
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Kennedy RB, Ovsyannikova IG, Haralambieva IH, Grill DE, Poland GA. Proteomic assessment of humoral immune responses in smallpox vaccine recipients. Vaccine 2022; 40:789-797. [PMID: 34952760 PMCID: PMC8792332 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The availability of effective smallpox vaccines was a critical element of the successful eradication of smallpox in 1980. Antibody responses play a primary role in protective immunity and neutralizing antibody is an established correlate of protection against smallpox. In this study we used a poxvirus proteome array to assess the antibody response to individual viral proteins in a cohort of 1,037 smallpox vaccine recipients. Several statistically significant differences were observed in the antibody response to immunodominant proteins between men and women, including B5R-a major target of neutralizing antibody in vaccinia immune globulin, and the membrane proteins D8L and A27L, both of which have been used as vaccine antigens providing protection in animal models. We also noted differences across racial/ethnic groups. In this cohort, which consisted of both ACAM2000 and Dryvax recipients, we noted minute differences in the antibody responses to a restricted number of viral proteins, providing additional support for the use of ACAM2000 as a replacement smallpox vaccine. Furthermore, our data indicate that poxvirus proteome microarrays can be valuable for screening and monitoring smallpox vaccine-induced humoral immune responses in large-scale serologic surveillance studies and prove useful in the guidance of developing novel smallpox candidate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA,Corresponding author: Richard B. Kennedy, Ph.D., Co-Director, Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, Phone: (507) 284-0708, Fax: (507) 266-4716,
| | - Inna G. Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Iana H. Haralambieva
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Diane E. Grill
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Gregory A. Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
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16
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Huang HJ, Yi SG, Mobley CM, Saharia A, Bhimaraj A, Moore LW, Kloc M, Adrogue HE, Graviss EA, Nguyen DT, Eagar TN, Jones SL, Ankoma-Sey V, MacGillivray TE, Knight RJ, Gaber AO, Ghobrial RM. Early humoral immune response to two doses of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine in a diverse group of solid organ transplant candidates and recipients. Clin Transplant 2022; 36:e14600. [PMID: 35083796 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Response to two doses of a nucleoside-modified messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine was evaluated in a large solid-organ transplant program. mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was administered to transplant candidates and recipients who met study inclusion criteria. Qualitative anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Total Immunoglobulin (Ig) and IgG-specific assays, and a semi-quantitative test for anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein IgG were measured in 241 (17.2%) transplant candidates and 1,163 (82.8%) transplant recipients; 55.2% of whom were non-Hispanic White and 44.8% identified as another race. Transplant recipients were a median (IQR) of 3.2 (1.1, 6.8) years from transplantation. Response differed by transplant status: 96.0% vs 43.2% by the anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total Ig (candidates vs recipients, respectively), 93.5% vs 11.6% by the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay, and 91.9% vs 30.1% by anti-spike titers after two doses of vaccine. Multivariable analysis revealed candidates had higher likelihood of response vs recipients (odds ratio [OR], 14.6; 95 %CI 2.19, 98.11; p = 0.02). A slightly lower response was demonstrated in older patients (OR 0.96; 95 %CI 0.94, 0.99; p = 0.002), patients taking antimetabolites (OR, 0.21; 95% CI 0.08, 0.51; p = 0.001). Vaccination prior to transplantation should be encouraged. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Huang
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie G Yi
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Constance M Mobley
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ashish Saharia
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arvind Bhimaraj
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Linda W Moore
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- Transplant Immunobiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Horacio E Adrogue
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Edward A Graviss
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Duc T Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Todd N Eagar
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephen L Jones
- Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Richard J Knight
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - A Osama Gaber
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - R Mark Ghobrial
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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17
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Abstract
In this article, we address the nature of syndemics and whether, as some have asserted, these epidemiological phenomena are global configurations. Our argument that syndemics are not global rests on recognition that they are composed of social/environment contexts, disease clusters, demographics, and biologies that vary across locations. These points are illustrated with the cases of syndemics involving COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, and HIV/AIDS. We draw on theoretical discourse from epidemiology, biology, and anthropology to present what we believe is a more accurate framework for thinking about syndemics with shared elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrill Singer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nicola Bulled
- InCHIP, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas Leatherman
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Race and sex based disparities in sepsis. Heart Lung 2021; 52:37-41. [PMID: 34837726 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of sepsis evaluating sex- and race-related disparities in treatment and outcome have been limited by using administrative databases, which may not adequately capture sepsis diagnosis, used limited number and types of races, or not included both sex and race in the analyses. OBJECTIVE To determine if patients of different races and sexes with sepsis have different mortality, receipt of mechanical ventilation or renal replacement therapy, or time to antibiotics? METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 34,999 patients with sepsis, defined by Sepsis-3 criteria, using logistic regression and linear regression. RESULTS After adjustments for confounders, Asian females had the lowest adjusted 90-day mortality (OR=0.656, 95% CI=0.385-1.118, p<0.001 compared to White males). Similarly, compared to White males, African-American males had a lower adjusted mortality (OR=0.790, 95% CI=0.648-0.963, p = 0.019), while Asian males (OR=1.185, 95% CI=0. 828-1.696, p = 0.354) and both African-American (OR=0.972, 95% CI=0.800-1.182, p = 0.779) and Caucasian (OR=1.054, 95% CI=0.960-1.158, p = 0.270) females had similar mortality. Both male and female patients with Other/unknown race had higher mortality (OR=1.776, 95% CI=1.395-2.261, p<0.001 and OR=1.658, 95% CI=1.359-2.021, p<0.001), respectively. In the secondary analyses for new-onset mechanical ventilation and new-onset renal replacement therapy post-sepsis, we found no association between any of the race-sex groups and receipt of these therapies. CONCLUSION We found that Asian females had the lowest adjusted 90-day mortality for patients with sepsis. Understanding the reasons for disparities in outcome after sepsis may improve care and outcomes in diverse populations.
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19
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Kang YM, Lim J, Choe KW, Lee KD, Jo DH, Kim MJ, Kim JM, Kim KN. Reactogenicity after the first and second doses of BNT162b2 mRNA coronavirus disease vaccine: a single-center study. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2021; 10:282-289. [PMID: 34703812 PMCID: PMC8511587 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2021.10.3.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was conducted to determine differences in adverse events associated with the first and second doses of the BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine based on the age and sex of recipients. Materials and Methods An online survey on the post-vaccination adverse events of healthcare workers was conducted from March 2021 to April 2021. The differences in the types of adverse events, including severity, onset time, and duration of symptoms, and how the adverse events were dealt with by the patient were analyzed based on the age and sex. The profiles of adverse events were compared after the first and second vaccination doses. Results Among the 131 participants who participated in the online survey out of 208 vaccine recipients, 43 and 80 recipients of the BNT162b2 vaccine experienced adverse events after the first and second dose, respectively. No sex-related differences were observed in the profiles of adverse events in vaccinated recipients. The overall frequency of adverse events did not differ based on age after the first dose. After the second dose, the frequency of adverse events, including both local and systemic reactions was significantly higher in the younger age group than in the older age group. Conclusion The BNT162b2 vaccine resulted in a higher frequency of adverse events after the second dose than after the first dose especially in the younger age group; however, no sex-related differences associated with these adverse events were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Min Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jaegyun Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kang-Won Choe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ki-Deok Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Jo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Moon Jung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kwang Nam Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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20
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Al-Naamani K, Al-Jahdhami I, Al-Tamtami W, Al-Amri K, Al-Khabori M, Sinani SA, Said EA, Omer H, Al-Bahluli H, Al-Ryiami S, Al-Hakmani S, Al-Naamani N, Al-Jahwari R, Al-Hinai M, AlWahaibi J. Prevalence and persistence of SARS-CoV2 antibodies among healthcare workers in Oman. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1578-1584. [PMID: 34688980 PMCID: PMC8442291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The primary objective is to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persistence among HCWs and specifically among asymptomatic HCWs. A secondary objective is to determine the duration of persistent SARS-CoV-2 antibodies post infection and factors affecting this duration. The findings are expected to open the door for further research into the role of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology HCWs were divided into high, intermediate, and low risk based on their type and location of work. All participants filled a questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained for SARS-CoV-2 IgG/total antibodies. A documented SARS-CoV-2 PCR or Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/total antibodies defined the primary outcome. The probability of persistence of antibody was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier estimator. Logistic and Cox regression were used where appropriate. Results A total of 1111 HCWs were included. The median age 37 years (IQR: 31–43). More than half (67.2%) were females. The primary outcome was seen in 373 (33.6%) participants with a median age of 36 years (IQR: 29–41). Only 37.2% of those with documented positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR had reactive serology, while only 16.2% of those with reactive serology had documented positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR. Male gender (OR 0.44, P < 0.001) and older age (OR 0.98, P < 0.019) were associated with a lower risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection. The probability of persistent SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at six months was 60.2% (95% CI: 49.5%–73.1%). Omanis had a higher probability of losing the antibody than others (HR 2.63, P = 0.021). Conclusion We report a high prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among HCWs in Oman, specifically among asymptomatic HCWs. Community was the most likely source of infection. Therefore, the society must adhere to the roles and regulations set to reduce the risk of transmission. We demonstrate a high percentage of seroconversion post initial infection, and the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at six months in more than half of those previously infected. We demonstrated a new interesting finding of fast decline of SARS-CoV2 antibody levels over time among different nationalities and this requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al-Naamani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Issa Al-Jahdhami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Chest Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Wafa Al-Tamtami
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Division of Medical Microbiology, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Kawther Al-Amri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | | | - Elias A Said
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology - College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Heba Omer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hamad Al-Bahluli
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Division of Medical Microbiology, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Saada Al-Ryiami
- Department of Infection Control, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Saleh Al-Hakmani
- Department of Infection Control, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Ruqaiya Al-Jahwari
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Division of Medical Microbiology, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Musheera Al-Hinai
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Division of Medical Microbiology, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Juhaina AlWahaibi
- Department of Infection Control, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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21
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Boey L, Curinckx A, Roelants M, Derdelinckx I, Van Wijngaerden E, De Munter P, Vos R, Kuypers D, Van Cleemput J, Vandermeulen C. Immunogenicity and Safety of the 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients and Adults Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e661-e671. [PMID: 33373429 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients is high. Clinical trials on HPV vaccines in persons living with HIV and particularly in SOT recipients have been sparse to date, included low numbers of participants, and none of them assessed the 9-valent HPV (9vHPV) vaccine. We investigated the immunogenicity with respect to HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 and the safety of the 9vHPV vaccine in persons living with HIV and recipients of a kidney, lung, or heart transplant. METHODS This is a phase III investigator-initiated study in 100 persons living with HIV (age 18-45 years) and 171 SOT recipients (age 18-55 years). The 9vHPV vaccine was administered at day 1, month 2, and month 6. Primary outcome was seroconversion rates to the 9vHPV types at month 7. Secondary outcomes were geometric mean titers (GMTs) and frequency of adverse events (AEs). RESULTS All HIV-infected participants seroconverted for all HPV types, but seroconversion ranged from 46% for HPV45 to 72% for HPV58 in SOT recipients. GMTs ranged from 180 to 2985 mMU/mL in HIV-positive participants and from 17 to 170 mMU/mL in SOT recipients, depending on the HPV type. Injection-site AEs occurred in 62% of participants but were mostly mild or moderate in intensity. None of the reported serious adverse events were deemed vaccine related. No patients died during the study. CONCLUSIONS Immunogenicity of the 9vHPV vaccine is high in persons living with HIV but suboptimal in SOT recipients. The vaccine is safe and well tolerated in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Boey
- Leuven University Vaccinology Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ans Curinckx
- Leuven University Vaccinology Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Roelants
- Leuven University Vaccinology Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Derdelinckx
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Van Wijngaerden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul De Munter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Vos
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and Department CHROMETA (Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging), BREATHE (Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Kuypers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Corinne Vandermeulen
- Leuven University Vaccinology Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Haralambieva IH, Eberhard KG, Ovsyannikova IG, Grill DE, Schaid DJ, Kennedy RB, Poland GA. Transcriptional signatures associated with rubella virus-specific humoral immunity after a third dose of MMR vaccine in women of childbearing age. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1824-1838. [PMID: 33818775 PMCID: PMC9841595 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple factors linked to host genetics/inherent biology play a role in interindividual variability in immune response outcomes after rubella vaccination. In order to identify these factors, we conducted a study of rubella-specific humoral immunity before (Baseline) and after (Day 28) a third dose of MMR-II vaccine in a cohort of 109 women of childbearing age. We performed mRNA-Seq profiling of PBMCs after rubella virus in vitro stimulation to delineate genes associated with post-vaccination rubella humoral immunity and to define genes mediating the association between prior immune response status (high or low antibody) and subsequent immune response outcome. Our study identified novel genes that mediated the association between prior immune response and neutralizing antibody titer after a third MMR vaccine dose. These genes included the following: CDC34; CSNK1D; APOBEC3F; RAD18; AAAS; SLC37A1; FAS; and JAK2. The encoded proteins are involved in innate antiviral response, IFN/cytokine signaling, B cell repertoire generation, the clonal selection of B lymphocytes in germinal centers, and somatic hypermutation/antibody affinity maturation to promote optimal antigen-specific B cell immune function. These data advance our understanding of how subjects' prior immune status and/or genetic propensity to respond to rubella/MMR vaccination ultimately affects innate immunity and humoral immune outcomes after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diane E. Grill
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel J. Schaid
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Richard B. Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gregory A. Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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23
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Kiely M, Ambs S. Immune Inflammation Pathways as Therapeutic Targets to Reduce Lethal Prostate Cancer in African American Men. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2874. [PMID: 34207505 PMCID: PMC8227648 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial improvements in cancer survival, not all population groups have benefitted equally from this progress. For prostate cancer, men of African descent in the United States and England continue to have about double the rate of fatal disease compared to other men. Studies suggest that when there is equal access to care, survival disparities are greatly diminished. However, notable differences exist in prostate tumor biology across population groups. Ancestral factors and disparate exposures can lead to altered tumor biology, resulting in a distinct disease etiology by population group. While equal care remains the key target to improve survival, additional efforts should be made to gain comprehensive knowledge of the tumor biology in prostate cancer patients of African descent. Such an approach may identify novel intervention strategies in the era of precision medicine. A growing body of evidence shows that inflammation and the immune response may play a distinct role in prostate cancer disparities. Low-grade chronic inflammation and an inflammatory tumor microenvironment are more prevalent in African American patients and have been associated with adverse outcomes. Thus, differences in activation of immune-inflammatory pathways between African American and European American men with prostate cancer may exist. These differences may influence the response to immune therapy which is consistent with recent observations. This review will discuss mechanisms by which inflammation may contribute to the disparate outcomes experienced by African American men with prostate cancer and how these immunogenic and inflammatory vulnerabilities could be exploited to improve their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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24
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Ebersole JL, Hamzeh R, Nguyen L, Al-Sabbagh M, Dawson D. Variations in IgG antibody subclass responses to oral bacteria: Effects of periodontal disease and modifying factors. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:863-876. [PMID: 33826149 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Local and systemic IgG antibodies or oral bacteria have been described with periodontitis. We extended these observations by assessing the impact of a range of intrinsic factors on serum IgG subclass antibodies to both commensal and pathogenic oral bacteria that would contribute to variations in immune protection or disease susceptibility in periodontitis have not been described. METHODS Subjects (n = 278) were classified as healthy, gingivitis, or periodontitis and categorized as mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis. Demographic stratification included sex, age, race/ethnicity, smoking, and obesity. Whole formalin-fixed bacteria were used as antigens to detect serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G subclass antibody levels using an ELISA. RESULTS The greatest differences in variations in IgG subclasses occurred in periodontitis versus health or gingivitis to bacteria considered oral pathogens (eg, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola) with IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 increased by three- to sevenfold with Pg. Differences in subclass levels and distribution were also observed related to disease severity, particularly related to individual subclass responses to Pg. Examination of the overall population showed that females had elevated antibody, reflected by elevated IgG2 amounts/proportions. The older group of subjects demonstrated elevated antibody to multiple oral bacteria, lacking any particular subclass pattern. IgG2 antibody to Aa and Pg was increased in smokers. Multiple IgG subclass antibody levels to oral pathogens were significantly decreased in the obese subset within this population. CONCLUSION This investigation identified patterns of IgG subclass antibody responses to oral bacteria and demonstrated substantial effects of disease impacting the level and subclass distribution of antibody to an array of oral bacteria. Altered subclass antibody profiles most often in IgG2 levels and for antibody to P. gingivalis were found related to sex, age, disease severity, race/ethnicity, smoking, and obesity to both pathogens and commensal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.,Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Razan Hamzeh
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Mohanad Al-Sabbagh
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Dolph Dawson
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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25
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Weiner AB, Vidotto T, Liu Y, Mendes AA, Salles DC, Faisal FA, Murali S, McFarlane M, Imada EL, Zhao X, Li Z, Davicioni E, Marchionni L, Chinnaiyan AM, Freedland SJ, Spratt DE, Wu JD, Lotan TL, Schaeffer EM. Plasma cells are enriched in localized prostate cancer in Black men and are associated with improved outcomes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:935. [PMID: 33568675 PMCID: PMC7876147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Black men die more often of prostate cancer yet, interestingly, may derive greater survival benefits from immune-based treatment with sipuleucel-T. Since no signatures of immune-responsiveness exist for prostate cancer, we explored race-based immune-profiles to identify vulnerabilities. Here we show in multiple independent cohorts comprised of over 1,300 patient samples annotated with either self-identified race or genetic ancestry, prostate tumors from Black men or men of African ancestry have increases in plasma cell infiltrate and augmented markers of NK cell activity and IgG expression. These findings are associated with improved recurrence-free survival following surgery and nominate plasma cells as drivers of prostate cancer immune-responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Weiner
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thiago Vidotto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Decipher Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Adrianna A Mendes
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniela C Salles
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Farzana A Faisal
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanjana Murali
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew McFarlane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eddie L Imada
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Decipher Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ziwen Li
- Decipher Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Freedland
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Urology, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel E Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward M Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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26
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Van der Weken H, Cox E, Devriendt B. Advances in Oral Subunit Vaccine Design. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 9:1. [PMID: 33375151 PMCID: PMC7822154 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens invade the host at the intestinal surface. To protect against these enteropathogens, the induction of intestinal secretory IgA (SIgA) responses is paramount. While systemic vaccination provides strong systemic immune responses, oral vaccination is the most efficient way to trigger protective SIgA responses. However, the development of oral vaccines, especially oral subunit vaccines, is challenging due to mechanisms inherent to the gut. Oral vaccines need to survive the harsh environment in the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by low pH and intestinal proteases and need to reach the gut-associated lymphoid tissues, which are protected by chemical and physical barriers that prevent efficient uptake. Furthermore, they need to surmount default tolerogenic responses present in the gut, resulting in suppression of immunity or tolerance. Several strategies have been developed to tackle these hurdles, such as delivery systems that protect vaccine antigens from degradation, strong mucosal adjuvants that induce robust immune responses and targeting approaches that aim to selectively deliver vaccine antigens towards specific immune cell populations. In this review, we discuss recent advances in oral vaccine design to enable the induction of robust gut immunity and highlight that the development of next generation oral subunit vaccines will require approaches that combines these solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bert Devriendt
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (H.V.d.W.); (E.C.)
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27
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Crooke SN, Riggenbach MM, Ovsyannikova IG, Warner ND, Chen MH, Hao L, Icenogle JP, Poland GA, Kennedy RB. Durability of humoral immune responses to rubella following MMR vaccination. Vaccine 2020; 38:8185-8193. [PMID: 33190948 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While administration of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR-II®) vaccine has been effective at preventing rubella infection in the United States, the durability of humoral immunity to the rubella component of MMR vaccine has not been widely studied among older adolescents and adults. METHODS In this longitudinal study, we sought to assess the durability of rubella virus (RV)-specific humoral immunity in a healthy population (n = 98) of adolescents and young adults at two timepoints: ~7 and ~17 years after two doses of MMR-II® vaccination. Levels of circulating antibodies specific to RV were measured by ELISA and an immune-colorimetric neutralization assay. RV-specific memory B cell responses were also measured by ELISpot. RESULTS Rubella-specific IgG antibody titers, neutralizing antibody titers, and memory B cell responses declined with increasing time since vaccination; however, these decreases were relatively moderate. Memory B cell responses exhibited a greater decline in men compared to women. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, rubella-specific humoral immunity declines following vaccination, although subjects' antibody titers remain well above the currently recognized threshold for protective immunity. Clinical correlates of protection based on neutralizing antibody titer and memory B cell ELISpot response should be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Crooke
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Nathaniel D Warner
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Min-Hsin Chen
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lijuan Hao
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph P Icenogle
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Abreu TC, Boshuizen H, Mollema L, Berbers GAM, Korthals Altes H. Association between season of vaccination and antibody levels against infectious diseases. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e276. [PMID: 33148351 PMCID: PMC7770373 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has reduced the disease burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, the extent to which seasonal cycles of immunity could influence vaccine-induced immunity is not well understood. A national cross-sectional serosurveillance study performed in the Netherlands (Pienter-2) yielded data to investigate whether season of vaccination was associated with antibody responses induced by DT-IPV (diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis), MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) and meningococcus C (MenC) vaccines in children. In total, 434 children met the inclusion criteria to study DT-IPV immunity, 811 for MMR and 311 for MenC. Differences in log(antibody levels) by season of vaccination were investigated with linear multivariable regression analyses. Seroconversion rates varied according to season of vaccination for rubella (90% of autumn-vaccinated children vs. 99% of winter-vaccinated had concentrations above cut-off levels). Summer-vaccinated boys showed a slower decline of tetanus antibodies (6% per month), in comparison with winter-vaccinated boys. In conclusion, season of vaccination showed little association with immunological protection. However, a number of associations were seen with a P-value of about 0.03; and adding data from a just-completed nationwide serological study might add more power to the current study. Further immunological and longitudinal investigations could help understand the mechanisms of seasonal influence in vaccine-induced responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Abreu
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - H. Boshuizen
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - L. Mollema
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - G. A. M. Berbers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - H. Korthals Altes
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Catalina MD, Bachali P, Yeo AE, Geraci NS, Petri MA, Grammer AC, Lipsky PE. Patient ancestry significantly contributes to molecular heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140380. [PMID: 32759501 PMCID: PMC7455079 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression signatures can stratify patients with heterogeneous diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet understanding the contributions of ancestral background to this heterogeneity is not well understood. We hypothesized that ancestry would significantly influence gene expression signatures and measured 34 gene modules in 1566 SLE patients of African ancestry (AA), European ancestry (EA), or Native American ancestry (NAA). Healthy subject ancestry-specific gene expression provided the transcriptomic background upon which the SLE patient signatures were built. Although standard therapy affected every gene signature and significantly increased myeloid cell signatures, logistic regression analysis determined that ancestral background significantly changed 23 of 34 gene signatures. Additionally, the strongest association to gene expression changes was found with autoantibodies, and this also had etiology in ancestry: the AA predisposition to have both RNP and dsDNA autoantibodies compared with EA predisposition to have only anti-dsDNA. A machine learning approach was used to determine a gene signature characteristic to distinguish AA SLE and was most influenced by genes characteristic of the perturbed B cell axis in AA SLE patients. Transcriptional profiling of lupus patients and healthy controls reveals ancestry-related differences and transcriptional heterogeneity among lupus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Catalina
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC & RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prathyusha Bachali
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC & RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Nicholas S Geraci
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC & RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Michelle A Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amrie C Grammer
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC & RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Peter E Lipsky
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC & RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Sex, Age, and Race Effects on Immunogenicity of MenB-FHbp, A Bivalent Meningococcal B Vaccine: Pooled Evaluation of Clinical Trial Data. Infect Dis Ther 2020; 9:625-639. [PMID: 32681472 PMCID: PMC7452992 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-020-00322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction An extensive clinical development program showed that the meningococcal serogroup B-factor H binding protein (MenB-FHbp) vaccine affords protection against MenB disease for adolescents and adults. Data were pooled from multiple studies within the program to examine whether MenB-FHbp immunogenicity was influenced by sex, age, or race. Methods Immunogenicity was assessed in subjects from seven studies who received 120 µg MenB-FHbp (at 0, 2, 6 months) and had evaluated immune responses against four representative test strains via serum bactericidal assays using human complement (hSBAs). Immune responses were presented by sex (male, female), age group (10–14, 15–18, 19–25, 10–25 years), and race (white, black, Asian, other). Results Among 8026 subjects aged 10–25 years included in this analysis, MenB-FHbp elicited robust immune responses in a high percentage of subjects regardless of demographic characteristics. Across all test strains and demographic subsets, a ≥ 4-fold rise in titer from baseline was achieved in 76.7–95.0% of subjects, with no major differences by sex, age groups assessed, or races evaluated. Corresponding percentages achieving titers ≥ the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) against all four strains combined were 79.7–87.3% (sex), 81.6–85.5% (age), and 80.0–88.1% (race). Minor differences were observed for geometric mean titers and percentages of subjects achieving titers ≥ LLOQ against each strain based on demographics. Conclusion These data suggested no clinically meaningful differences in MenB-FHbp immunogenicity when administered as a three-dose schedule based on sex, ages assessed, or races evaluated. This analysis supports the continued recommended use of MenB-FHbp to prevent MenB disease in adolescents and young adults. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers, NCT00808028, NCT01830855, NCT01323270, NCT01461993, NCT01461980, NCT01352845, and NCT01299480.
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Singh JA. The Case for Why Africa Should Host COVID-19 Candidate Vaccine Trials. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:351-355. [PMID: 32492144 PMCID: PMC7313920 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to provocative comments by 2 European clinicians and scientists, the World Health Organization Director General has declared that Africa will not host COVID-19 vaccine trials. Such a stance risks stigmatizing COVID-19 vaccine trials in Africa and depriving Africa of critical research. To the contrary, there is a critical need for Africa to host COVID-19 vaccine trials on public health, scientific, and ethics grounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Amir Singh
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
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Harkness T, Fu X, Zhang Y, Choi HK, Stone JH, Blumenthal KG, Wallace ZS. Immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin G subclass concentrations differ according to sex and race. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 125:190-195.e2. [PMID: 32224206 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations are integral to the workup of immune deficiencies and IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Demographic differences in IgG concentrations are poorly described but can influence test interpretation, contribute to racial disparities in primary immunodeficiency diagnosis, and explain demographic differences in IgG concentrations in IgG4-RD. OBJECTIVE To assess differences in IgG and IgG subclass concentrations according to sex and race. METHODS We identified patients with IgG and IgG subclass concentrations measured in a large health care system. Multivariate-adjusted differences in IgG and IgG subclass concentrations and the proportion of subjects with results outside of reference ranges according to sex and race were estimated. RESULTS Of the 12,851 patients, the mean age was 54.7 years and 7917 (62%) were female. Of these, 11,673 (91%) were white, 611 (5%) were black, and 302 (2%) were Asian. Compared with the mean concentrations of white patients, Asian and black patients had higher mean concentrations of IgG (1340.0 and 1504.4 vs 988.1 mg/dL, P < .001), IgG1 (782.0 and 938.4 vs 592.4 mg/dL, P < .001), IgG2 (493.5 and 384.2 vs 305 mg/dL, P < .001), IgG3 (76.6 and 91.9 vs 55.9 mg/dL, P < .001), and IgG4 (140.4 and 53.6 vs 41.6 mg/dL, P < .001). Immunoglobin G subclass 4 concentrations were higher in males than those in females (56.3 vs 37.4 mg/dL, P < .001). Similar observations were made when comparing the proportions of patients with results outside of reference ranges and after stratifying by diagnosis. CONCLUSION Immunoglobin G and IgG subclass concentrations differ according to sex and race. These findings may have implications for the interpretation of these test results but require confirmation in diverse, healthy populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Harkness
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Rheumatology Unit, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoqing Fu
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Rheumatology Unit, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Rheumatology Unit, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hyon K Choi
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Rheumatology Unit, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John H Stone
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Rheumatology Unit, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimberly G Blumenthal
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zachary S Wallace
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Rheumatology Unit, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Choe YJ, Blatt DB, Lee HJ, Choi EH. Associations between geographic region and immune response variations to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in clinical trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 92:261-268. [PMID: 32147023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Geographic region can be an important source of variation in the immune response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV). The aim of this study was to collate data from available PCV clinical trials in order to characterize the differences in antibody responses in different countries. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the difference in antibody responses after primary series of PCVs in infants, associated with geographic regions, compared with each other and with the different PCVs using random-effects models. RESULTS A total of 69 trials were included. Studies conducted in the Western Pacific Region (WPR) showed higher geometric mean concentrations (GMC) compared to studies conducted in Europe. The pooled GMC for serotype 4 after three doses of PCV7 in the WPR was 5.19 μg/ml (95% confidence interval 4.85-5.53 μg/ml), while for studies conducted in Europe this was 2.01 μg/ml (95% confidence interval 1.88-2.14 μg/ml). The IgG GMC ratios among the WPR versus European regions ranged from 1.51 to 2.87 for PCV7, 1.69 to 3.22 for PCV10, and 1.49 to 3.08 for PCV13. CONCLUSIONS Studies conducted in the WPR generally showed greater antibody responses than the studies conducted in Europe. Indications of differences among geographic regions highlight the fact that further research is needed to compare the biological factors contributing to immune responses, which may affect vaccination schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young June Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daniel B Blatt
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
| | - Hoan Jong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Will We Have a Cohort of Healthcare Workers Full Vaccinated against Measles, Mumps, and Rubella? Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010104. [PMID: 32120940 PMCID: PMC7157697 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers are a population exposed to several infectious diseases, and an immunization programme is essential for the maintenance of good vaccination coverage to protect workers and patients. A population of 10,653 students attending degree courses at Padua Medical School (medicine and surgery, dentistry and health professions) was screened for vaccination coverage and antibody titres against rubella, mumps, and measles. The students were subdivided into five age classes according to their date of birth: those born before 1980, between 1980 and 1985, between 1986 and 1990, between 1991 and 1995, and after 1995. Vaccination coverage was very low in students born before 1980, but the rate of positive antibody titre was high due to infection in infancy. Increasing date of birth showed increased vaccination coverage. In contrast, immune coverage was high for rubella (more than 90%) but not for mumps and measles (approximately 80%). An “anomaly” was observed for mumps and measles in the cohort born between 1991 and 1995, probably due to the trivalent vaccine formulation. Students born after 1990 showed vaccination coverage that exceeded 90%. It is therefore very likely that we will have a future generation of healthcare workers with optimal vaccination coverage.
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Bufan B, Arsenović-Ranin N, Petrović R, Živković I, Stoiljković V, Leposavić G. Strain specificities in influence of ageing on germinal centre reaction to inactivated influenza virus antigens in mice: Sex-based differences. Exp Gerontol 2020; 133:110857. [PMID: 32006634 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Considering variability in vaccine responsiveness across human populations, in respect to magnitude and quality, and importance of vaccines in the elderly, the influence of recipient genetic background on the kinetics of age-related changes in the serum IgG antibody responses to seasonal trivalent inactivated split-virus influenza bulk (TIV) was studied in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice showing quantitative and qualitative differences in this responses in young adult ages. With ageing the total serum IgG response to influenza viruses declined, in a strain-specific manner, so the strain disparity observed in young adult mice (the greater magnitude of IgG response in BALB/c mice) disappeared in aged mice. However, the sexual dimorphisms in this response (more prominent in females of both strains) remained in aged ones. The strain-specific differences in age-related decline in the magnitude of IgG response to TIV correlated with the number of germinal centre (GC) B splenocytes. The age-related decline in GC B cell number was consistent with the decrease in the proliferation of B cells and CD4+ cells in splenocyte cultures upon restimulation with TIV. Additionally, the age-related decrease in the magnitude of IgG response correlated with the increase in follicular T regulatory (fTreg)/follicular T helper (fTh) and fTreg/GC B splenocyte ratios (reflecting decrease in fTh and GC B numbers without changes in fTreg number), and the frequency of CD4+ splenocytes producing IL-21, a key factor in balancing the B cell and fTreg cell activity. With ageing the avidity of virus influenza-specific antibody increased in females of both strains. Moreover, ageing affected IgG2a/IgG1 and IgG2c/IgG1 ratios (reflecting Th1/Th2 balance) in male BALB/c mice and female C57BL/6 mice, respectively. Consequently, differently from young mice exhibiting the similar ratios in male and female mice, in aged female mice of both strains IgG2a(c)/IgG1 ratios were shifted towards a less effective IgG1 response (stimulated by IL-4 cytokines) compared with males. The age-related alterations in IgG subclass profiles in both strains correlated with those in IFN-γ/IL-4 production level ratio in splenocyte cultures restimulated with TIV. These findings stimulate further research to formulate sex-specific strategies to improve efficacy of influenza vaccine in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Bufan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Arsenović-Ranin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Raisa Petrović
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Živković
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vera Stoiljković
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Yi JS, Rosa-Bray M, Staats J, Zakroysky P, Chan C, Russo MA, Dumbauld C, White S, Gierman T, Weinhold KJ, Guptill JT. Establishment of normative ranges of the healthy human immune system with comprehensive polychromatic flow cytometry profiling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225512. [PMID: 31825961 PMCID: PMC6905525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing normative flow cytometry data have several limitations including small sample sizes, incompletely described study populations, variable flow cytometry methodology, and limited depth for defining lymphocyte subpopulations. To overcome these issues, we defined high-dimensional flow cytometry reference ranges for the healthy human immune system using Human Immunology Project Consortium methodologies after carefully screening 127 subjects deemed healthy through clinical and laboratory testing. We enrolled subjects in the following age cohorts: 18–29 years, 30–39, 40–49, and 50–66 and enrolled cohorts to ensure an even gender distribution and at least 30% non-Caucasians. From peripheral blood mononuclear cells, flow cytometry reference ranges were defined for >50 immune subsets including T-cell (activation, maturation, T follicular helper and regulatory T cell), B-cell, and innate cells. We also developed a web tool for visualization of the dataset and download of raw data. This dataset provides the immunology community with a resource to compare and extract data from rigorously characterized healthy subjects across age groups, gender and race.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Yi
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | | | - Janet Staats
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Pearl Zakroysky
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Cliburn Chan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Melissa A Russo
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Chelsae Dumbauld
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Scott White
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Todd Gierman
- Biomat USA-Grifols Plasma Operations, United States of America
| | - Kent J Weinhold
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey T Guptill
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America.,Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
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Haralambieva IH, Ovsyannikova IG, Kennedy RB, Goergen KM, Grill DE, Chen MH, Hao L, Icenogle J, Poland GA. Rubella virus-specific humoral immune responses and their interrelationships before and after a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in women of childbearing age. Vaccine 2019; 38:1249-1257. [PMID: 31732325 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the U.S., measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination is recommended as two vaccine doses. A third dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is being administered in certain situations (e.g., identified seronegativity and during outbreaks). We studied rubella-specific humoral immunity (neutralizing antibody, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/ELISA IgG titer and antibody avidity) and the frequencies of antigen-specific memory B cells before and after a third dose of MMR-II in 109 female participants of childbearing age (median age, 34.5 years old) from Olmsted County, MN, with two documented prior MMR vaccine doses. The participants were selected from a cohort of 1117 individuals if they represented the high and the low ends of the rubella-specific antibody response spectrum. Of the 109 participants, we identified four individuals (3.67% of all study participants; 7.14% of the low-responder group) that were seronegative at Baseline (rubella-specific ELISA IgG titers <10 IU/mL), suggesting a lack of protection against rubella before receipt of a third MMR vaccine dose. The peak geometric mean neutralizing antibody titer one month following the third dose of MMR vaccine for the cohort was 243 NT50 (CI; 241, 245), which is expected for a cohort with two doses of MMR, and the peak geometric mean IgG titer was 150 IU/mL (CI; 148, 152) with no seronegative individuals at Day 28. One-third of all subjects (31.8% for the neutralizing antibody; 30.8% for the IgG titer) experienced a significant boost (≥4-fold) of antibody titers one month following vaccination. Antibody titers and other tested immune-response variables were significantly higher in the high-responder group compared to the low-responder group. The frequencies of rubella-specific memory B cells were modestly associated with the antibody titers. Our study suggests the importance of yet unknown inherent biologic and immune factors for the generation and maintenance of rubella-vaccine-induced humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Krista M Goergen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Diane E Grill
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Min-Hsin Chen
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta 30333, Georgia
| | - Lijuan Hao
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta 30333, Georgia
| | - Joseph Icenogle
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta 30333, Georgia
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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A Survey of Vaccine-Induced Measles IgG Antibody Titer to Verify Temporal Changes in Response to Measles Vaccination in Young Adults. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030118. [PMID: 31546797 PMCID: PMC6789707 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In Japan, sporadic measles cases increased rapidly in 2019 compared to the past six years. To clarify the persistence of immunity against measles in young adults, this study explored the persistence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers against the measles virus in 17- to 24-year-old young participants who reside in the Chiba prefecture of Japan. Measles-specific IgG antibody titers, determined by enzyme immunoassay in serum samples collected from 506 participants, were assessed through statistical analyses. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that the distribution of measles IgG antibody titers was significantly correlated with a medical history of measles (P < 0.05), while there was no significant correlation between the number of vaccinations related to measles IgG titers. Furthermore, measles IgG titers tended to decrease, as revealed by the temporal change in IgG titers, during the elapsed period after the last vaccination (P = 0.08). These results indicate that periodic vaccination against measles is required to prevent sporadic measles infection in young and older adults.
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Carryn S, Feyssaguet M, Povey M, Di Paolo E. Long-term immunogenicity of measles, mumps and rubella-containing vaccines in healthy young children: A 10-year follow-up. Vaccine 2019; 37:5323-5331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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40
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Fiala MA. African American patients may or may not have poorer response rates after monoclonal antibody treatment: Overreliance on
P
values in underpowered studies. Cancer 2019; 125:2321-2322. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Fiala
- Division of Oncology Washington University School of Medicine St Louis Missouri
- School of Social Work Saint Louis University St Louis Missouri
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Abstract
There is substantial variation between individuals in the immune response to vaccination. In this review, we provide an overview of the plethora of studies that have investigated factors that influence humoral and cellular vaccine responses in humans. These include intrinsic host factors (such as age, sex, genetics, and comorbidities), perinatal factors (such as gestational age, birth weight, feeding method, and maternal factors), and extrinsic factors (such as preexisting immunity, microbiota, infections, and antibiotics). Further, environmental factors (such as geographic location, season, family size, and toxins), behavioral factors (such as smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and sleep), and nutritional factors (such as body mass index, micronutrients, and enteropathy) also influence how individuals respond to vaccines. Moreover, vaccine factors (such as vaccine type, product, adjuvant, and dose) and administration factors (schedule, site, route, time of vaccination, and coadministered vaccines and other drugs) are also important. An understanding of all these factors and their impacts in the design of vaccine studies and decisions on vaccination schedules offers ways to improve vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy.
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Kennedy RB, Ovsyannikova IG, Thomas A, Larrabee BR, Rubin S, Poland GA. Differential durability of immune responses to measles and mumps following MMR vaccination. Vaccine 2019; 37:1775-1784. [PMID: 30797639 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development and wide-spread use of mumps vaccine resulted in a dramatic and sustained decrease in the incidence of mumps disease; however, since 2000, an increase in the size and number of mumps outbreaks in the United States and other countries has sparked renewed interest in the durability of mumps-specific immunity elicited by mumps vaccination. The most likely explanation for mumps cases in previously immunized persons may be secondary vaccine failure, or waning immunity. In the current study, we examined changes in markers of measles and mumps immunity at two timepoints, approximately 7 and 17 years after two-dose MMR-II® vaccination, in a cohort of 98 healthy adults. Our results indicate that mumps IgG titers exhibited a large and significant decline during this time period, while mumps neutralizing Ab titers were relatively stable. There was a similar discrepancy with measles-specific immune responses. For both pathogens, neutralizing antibody titers were fairly low and, given the length of time since vaccination, may have already declined. These data suggest that specific immune outcomes may wane at different rates and highlight our currently incomplete understanding of protective immune responses to mumps and measles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | - Antonia Thomas
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Beth R Larrabee
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Steven Rubin
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Kim KH, Kim CS, Kim HM, Kim JD, Ma SH, Kim DH, Hwang PH, Han JW, Lee TJ, Kim JH, Karkada N, Mesaros N, Sohn WY, Kim JH. Immunogenicity and safety of a combined DTPa-IPV/Hib vaccine administered as a three-dose primary vaccination course in healthy Korean infants: phase III, randomized study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 15:317-326. [PMID: 30431387 PMCID: PMC6422512 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1536588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the immunogenicity and safety of a three-dose primary vaccination schedule with the combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus/Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (DTPa-IPV/Hib) in Korean infants. In this phase III open-label, multicenter study (NCT01309646), healthy infants aged 42-69 days (randomized 1:1) received three doses of either pentavalent DTPa-IPV/Hib (DTPa-IPV/Hib group) or DTPa-IPV and Hib vaccines administered separately (DTPa-IPV+Hib group) at 2, 4, 6 months of age. The primary objective was to demonstrate non-inferiority of DTPa-IPV/Hib compared to DTPa-IPV+Hib vaccines in terms of immune responses to all vaccine antigens, 1 month post-dose 3. Solicited symptoms (local and general) were recorded during 4 days, and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) during 31 days, after each vaccination. Serious AEs (SAEs) were recorded throughout the study duration. The immunogenicity of the pentavalent DTPa-IPV/Hib vaccine was non-inferior compared to concomitant administration of DTPa-IPV+Hib vaccines. One month post-dose 3, nearly all infants had antibody levels above the seroprotective thresholds for anti-diphtheria toxoid, anti-tetanus toxoid, anti-polyribosyl-ribitol phosphate, and anti-poliovirus type 1, 2 and 3, and had antibody levels above the seropositive thresholds for anti-pertussis toxoid (PT), anti-filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and anti-pertactin (PRN) antibodies. A vaccine response for PT, FHA and PRN was observed in at least 96.7% of study participants. Anti-PRP geometric mean concentrations appeared lower for the DTPa-IPV/Hib group (8.456 µg/mL) than for the DTPa-IPV+Hib group (18.700 µg/mL). In both groups, the most common solicited symptoms were injection site redness and irritability. Fifty-seven SAEs were reported throughout the study; none were considered to be vaccination related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hwan Kim
- a Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Incheon, The Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Soo Kim
- b Keimyung University School of Medicine , Daegu , The Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang Min Kim
- c Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine , Wonju , The Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Duck Kim
- d Wonkwang University Hospital , Iksan , The Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Ma
- e Changwon Fatima Hospital , Changwon , The Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Kim
- f Korea Cancer Center Hospital , Seoul , The Republic of Korea
| | - Pyoung-Han Hwang
- g Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School , Jeonju , The Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Whan Han
- h Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital , The Catholic University of Korea , Uijeongbu , The Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jin Lee
- i Bundang CHA Hospital , Seongnam , The Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Jong-Hyun Kim
- m St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Suwon , The Republic of Korea
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Huang J, Du J, Duan R, Zhang X, Tao C, Chen Y. Characterization of the Differential Adverse Event Rates by Race/Ethnicity Groups for HPV Vaccine by Integrating Data From Different Sources. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:539. [PMID: 29896103 PMCID: PMC5987677 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) contain spontaneously reported adverse events (AEs) from the public. It has been a major data source for detecting AEs and monitoring vaccine safety. As one major limitation of spontaneous surveillance systems, the VAERS reports by themselves sometimes do not provide enough information to answer certain research questions. For example, patient level demographics are very limited in VAERS due to the protection of patient privacy, such that investigation of differential AE rates across race/ethnicity groups cannot be conducted using VAERS data only. For many vaccines, racial and ethnical difference in immune responses has been found in studies based on racially diverse cohorts. It is of great interest to characterize the differential AE rates by race and ethnicity groups for vaccines. In this study, we propose a novel statistical method to integrate VAERS data with data from other resources for vaccine pharmacovigilance research. Specifically, we integrate VAERS data with CDC survey data of vaccine coverage and U.S. census data of race/ethnicity distribution to quantify differential AE rates by race/ethnicity groups for HPV vaccine. We utilize the difference of race/ethnicity distributions across U.S. states to investigate the association between AE reporting rate and race/ethnicity groups at the population level. We identify 9 AEs with significantly different reporting rates between non-Hispanic White females and other race/ethnicity groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jingcheng Du
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rui Duan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cui Tao
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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45
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Race-related differences in antibody responses to the inactivated influenza vaccine are linked to distinct pre-vaccination gene expression profiles in blood. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62898-62911. [PMID: 27588486 PMCID: PMC5325335 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a 5-year study analyzing antibody and B cell responses to the influenza A virus components of the inactivated influenza vaccine, trivalent (IIV3) or quadrivalent (IIV4) in younger (aged 35-45) and aged (≥65 years of age) Caucasian and African American individuals. Antibody titers to the two influenza A virus strains, distribution of circulating B cell subsets and the blood transcriptome were tested at baseline and after vaccination while expression of immunoregulatory markers on B cells were analyzed at baseline. African Americans mounted higher virus neutralizing and IgG antibody responses to the H1N1 component of IIV3 or 4 compared to Caucasians. African Americans had higher levels of circulating B cell subsets compared to Caucasians. Expression of two co-regulators, i.e., programmed death (PD)-1 and the B and T cell attenuator (BTLA) were differentially expressed in the two cohorts. Race-related differences were caused by samples from younger African Americans, while results obtained with samples of aged African Americans were similar to those of aged Caucasians. Gene expression profiling by Illumina arrays revealed highly significant differences in 1368 probes at baseline between Caucasians and African Americans although samples from both cohorts showed comparable changes in transcriptome following vaccination. Genes differently expressed between samples from African Americans and Caucasians regardless of age were enriched for myeloid genes, while the transcripts that differed in expression between younger African Americans and younger Caucasians were enriched for those specific for B-cells.
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46
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Tasker C, Davidow A, Roche NE, Chang TL. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate administration alters immune markers for HIV preference and increases susceptibility of peripheral CD4 + T cells to HIV infection. Immunohorizons 2017; 1:223-235. [PMID: 29188238 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1700047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) has been associated with an increased risk of HIV acquisition. In a longitudinal study, we investigated the impact of Depo-Provera use by healthy women on expression of immune markers for HIV preference and on HIV infection ex vivo at baseline (visit 1), one month (visit 2) and three months (visit 3) after Depo-Provera treatment. We found a significant increase in the frequency and expression of integrin α4β7 on CD4+ T cells at visit 2. Interestingly, Hispanic but not black women exhibited a significant increase in integrin α4β7 cell numbers and expression levels at visit 2, whereas, black but not Hispanic women exhibited a significant change in CCR5 and CD38 expression levels between visit 2 and visit 3. The frequency of terminal effector memory CD4+ T cells decreased significantly in black women from visit 1 to visit 3. Virus production following ex vivo HIV infection of PBMCs was increased at visit 3 compared to visit 1. In black women, the frequency of HIV p24+CD4+ T cells was higher at visit 3 than at visit 1. Expression of integrin α4β7 on HIV p24+CD4+ T cells following ex vivo infection at visit 2 was significantly less than at visit 1. These results demonstrate that Depo-Provera alters the immune profile of peripheral CD4+ T cells and increases susceptibility to HIV infection ex vivo. The observation that these effects differed between women of different ethnicities has implications for developing effective and targeted strategies for HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley Tasker
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Amy Davidow
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Community Health, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Natalie E Roche
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Theresa L Chang
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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Haralambieva IH, Gibson MJ, Kennedy RB, Ovsyannikova IG, Warner ND, Grill DE, Poland GA. Characterization of rubella-specific humoral immunity following two doses of MMR vaccine using proteome microarray technology. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188149. [PMID: 29145521 PMCID: PMC5690594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction//Background The lack of standardization of the currently used commercial anti-rubella IgG antibody assays leads to frequent misinterpretation of results for samples with low/equivocal antibody concentration. The use of alternative approaches in rubella serology could add new information leading to a fuller understanding of rubella protective immunity and neutralizing antibody response after vaccination. Methods We applied microarray technology to measure antibodies to all rubella virus proteins in 75 high and 75 low rubella virus-specific antibody responders after two MMR vaccine doses. These data were used in multivariate penalized logistic regression modeling of rubella-specific neutralizing antibody response after vaccination. Results We measured antibodies to all rubella virus structural proteins (i.e., the glycoproteins E1 and E2 and the capsid C protein) and to the non-structural protein P150. Antibody levels to each of these proteins were: correlated with the neutralizing antibody titer (p<0.006); demonstrated differences between the high and the low antibody responder groups (p<0.008); and were components of the model associated with/predictive of vaccine-induced rubella virus-specific neutralizing antibody titers (misclassification error = 0.2). Conclusion Our study supports the use of this new technology, as well as the use of antibody profiles/patterns (rather than single antibody measures) as biomarkers of neutralizing antibody response and correlates of protective immunity in rubella virus serology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana H. Haralambieva
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Gibson
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Kennedy
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Inna G. Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel D. Warner
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Diane E. Grill
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Poland
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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Suzuki A, Barnhart H, Gu J, Bonkovsky HL, Tillmann HL, Fontana RJ, Kleiner DE. Associations of gender and a proxy of female menopausal status with histological features of drug-induced liver injury. Liver Int 2017; 37:1723-1730. [PMID: 28161910 PMCID: PMC5545077 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Gender and menopause may contribute to type and severity of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) by influencing host responses to injury. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of gender and female age 50 [a proxy of menopause] with histological features of liver injury in 212 adults enrolled in the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) registry. METHODS All participants had a causality score of at least 'probable', a liver biopsy within 30 days of DILI onset, and no prior chronic liver disease. Biochemical and histological injury types were classified as hepatocellular or cholestatic/mixed injury. The cohort was divided into three gender/age categories: men (41.0%), women <50 years (27.4%) and women ≥50 years of age (31.6%). Interaction of gender and age category (≥50 or not) was assessed. RESULTS Hepatocellular injury was more prevalent in women <50 years vs. others (P=.002). After adjusting for biochemical injury types, black race and possible ageing effects, more severe interface hepatitis was noted in biopsies of women <50 years compared to those of men and women ≥50 years (P=.009 and P=.055 respectively). Compared to those of men, biopsies of women showed greater plasma cell infiltration, hepatocyte apoptosis, hepatocyte rosettes and lobular disarray but less iron-positive hepatocytes and histological cholestasis (P<.05). These associations persisted after excluding cases of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, anabolic steroids or nitrofurantoin DILI which showed gender-specific distributions. CONCLUSION Gender and a proxy of menopause were associated with various features of inflammation and injury in DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiezhun Gu
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Herbert L. Bonkovsky
- Section on Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hans L. Tillmann
- Gastroenterology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Robert J. Fontana
- Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - David E. Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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49
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Hedges DW, Berrett AN, Erickson LD, Brown BL, Gale SD. Association between infection burden and adult height. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2017; 27:275-280. [PMID: 28926748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although highly heritable, adult height is also associated with numerous environmental factors, including exposure to infection. Particularly in developing regions of the world, infection burden appears to slow growth during childhood. Using a large database representative of the US population, we examined associations between adult height and leg length and an infection-burden index based on past exposure to Toxocara species, Toxoplasmosis gondii, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, herpes simplex virus 1, and herpes simplex virus 2. In models controlled for age, sex, educational attainment, socioeconomic status, and race-ethnicity, we found that the infection-burden index predicted height (β=-0.10 [95% CI: -0.15, -0.05], p .001<0.001) but not leg length (β=-0.04 [95% CI: -0.12, 0.04], p=0.357). Both sex and race-ethnicity moderated this association. In addition, exposures to Toxocara species, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis A were each individually associated with reduced height and reduced leg length. While associations between growth and infection have been found principally in children in developing regions of the world, our findings suggest that the effects of infection on height may persist into adulthood even in developed nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawson W Hedges
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States; The Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States.
| | - Andrew N Berrett
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Lance D Erickson
- Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Bruce L Brown
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Shawn D Gale
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States; The Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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50
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Immunoglobulin GM and KM genes and measles vaccine-induced humoral immunity. Vaccine 2017; 35:5444-5447. [PMID: 28274637 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Identifying genetic polymorphisms that explain variations in humoral immunity to live measles virus vaccine is of great interest. Immunoglobulin GM (heavy chain) and KM (light chain) allotypes are genetic markers known to be associated with susceptibility to several infectious diseases. We assessed associations between GM and KM genotypes and measles vaccine humoral immunity (neutralizing antibody titers) in a combined cohort (n=1796) of racially diverse healthy individuals (age 18-41years). We did not discover any significant associations between GM and/or KM genotypes and measles vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titers. African-American subjects had higher neutralizing antibody titers than Caucasians (1260mIU/mL vs. 740mIU/mL, p=7.10×10-13), and those titers remained statistically significant (p=1.68×10-09) after adjusting for age at enrollment and time since last vaccination. There were no statistically significant sex-specific differences in measles-induced neutralizing antibody titers in our study (p=0.375). Our data indicate a surprising lack of evidence for an association between GM and KM genotypes and measles-specific neutralizing antibody titers, despite the importance of these immune response genes.
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