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Shi X, Luo Y, Yan H, Tian G, Yang S, He Z, Zhang F, Wang Y, Guo L, Chen H. Gold nanoparticle dimer-based immunochromatography for in situ ultrasensitive detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:430. [PMID: 37804452 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The low detection sensitivity of lateral-flow immunochromatography assay (LFIA) based on spherical gold nanoparticle (AuNP) limits its wide applications. In the present study, AuNP dimers with strong plasma scattering and robust signal output were synthesized via the Ag ion soldering (AIS) strategy and used as labeled probes in LFIA to boost the sensitivity without any extra operation process and equipment. The established LFIA exhibited high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.0 × 102 TCID50/mL for PEDV, which provides 50 times higher sensitivity than commercial LFIA based on spherical colloidal gold. In addition, the AuNP dimer-based LFIA showed strong specificity, good reproducibility, high stability, and good accordance to reverse transcription polymer chain reaction (RT-PCR) when detecting 109 clinical samples. Thus, the AuNP dimers is a promising probe for LFIA and the developed AuNP dimer-based LFIA is suitable for the rapid detection of PEDV in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yaxiang Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314001, China
| | - Guangzhao Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Songxin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314001, China
| | - Zhaoyuan He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Fuxin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314001, China
| | - Yueliang Wang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314001, China.
| | - Longhua Guo
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314001, China.
| | - Hailan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China.
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314001, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Li Z, Ma Z, Han W, Chang C, Li Y, Guo X, Zheng Z, Feng Y, Xu L, Zheng H, Wang X, Xiao S. Deletion of a 7-amino-acid region in the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus envelope protein induces higher type I and III interferon responses and results in attenuation in vivo. J Virol 2023; 97:e0084723. [PMID: 37681956 PMCID: PMC10537754 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00847-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) leads to enormous economic losses for the pork industry. However, the commercial vaccines failed to fully protect against the epidemic strains. Previously, the rCH/SX/2016-SHNXP strain with the entire E protein and the rCH/SX/2015 strain with the deletion of 7-amino-acid (7-aa) at positions 23-29 in E protein were constructed and rescued. The pathogenicity assay indicated that rCH/SX/2015 is an attenuated strain, but rCH/SX/2016-SHNXP belongs to the virulent strains. Then, the recombination PEDV (rPEDV-EΔaa23-aa29)strain with a 7-aa deletion in the E protein was generated, using the highly virulent rCH/SX/2016-SHNXP strain (rPEDV-Ewt) as the backbone. Compared with the rPEDV-Ewt strain, the release and infectivity of the rPEDV-EΔaa23-aa29 strain were significantly reduced in vitro, but stronger interferon (IFN) responses were triggered both in vitro and in vivo. The pathogenicity assay showed that the parental strain resulted in severe diarrhea (100%) and death (100%) in all piglets. Compared with the parental strain group, rPEDV-EΔaa23-aa29 caused lower mortality (33%) and diminished fecal PEDV RNA shedding. At 21 days, all surviving pigs were challenged orally with rPEDV-Ewt. No pigs died in the two groups. Compared with the mock group, significantly delayed and milder diarrhea and reduced fecal PEDV RNA shedding were detected in the rPEDV-EΔaa23-aa29 group. In conclusion, the deletion of a 7-aa fragment in the E protein (EΔaa23-aa29) attenuated PEDV but retained its immunogenicity, which can offer new ideas for the design of live attenuated vaccines and provide new insights into the attenuated mechanism of PEDV. IMPORTANCE Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes high mortality in neonatal piglets and remains a large challenge to the pork industry. Unfortunately, no safe and effective vaccines are available yet. The pathogenesis and molecular basis of the attenuation of PEDV remain unclear, which seriously hinders the development of PEDV vaccines. This study found that the rPEDV carrying EΔaa23-aa29 mutation in the E protein induced significantly higher IFN responses than the parental virus, partially attenuated, and remained immunogenic in piglets. For the first time, PEDV E was verified as an IFN antagonist in the infection context and identified as a virulence factor of PEDV. Our data also suggested that EΔaa23-aa29 mutation can be a good target for the development of live attenuated vaccines for PEDV and also provide new perspectives for the attenuated mechanism of PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Weiguo Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuanzhe Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuyang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zifang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yingtong Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lele Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuqi Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Characterization and epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies against PEDV N protein. Virology 2023; 579:29-37. [PMID: 36592554 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and high mortality in neonatal piglets. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of PEDV is a highly conserved protein with strong immunogenicity and palys an important role in PEDV diagnosis. However, epitopes on the PEDV N protein have not yet been well characterized. Here, 32 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the PEDV N protein were produced and identified. Six new epitopes were first identified by using a high-throughput epitope mapping method named AbMap. Sequence analysis revealed that among the six epitopes five epitopes were highly conserved among different PEDV strains. We also confirmed that the mAbs derived from the six epitopes of PEDV N protein, have no cross-reactivity with transmissible gastro enteritis virus or porcine delta coronavirus. These mAbs and their defined epitopes will help to understand the N protein structure and immunological characteristics, and to develop a rapid, accurate PEDV diagnosis method.
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Abstract
The existence of coronaviruses has been known for many years. These viruses cause significant disease that primarily seems to affect agricultural species. Human coronavirus disease due to the 2002 outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and the 2012 outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome made headlines; however, these outbreaks were controlled, and public concern quickly faded. This complacency ended in late 2019 when alarms were raised about a mysterious virus responsible for numerous illnesses and deaths in China. As we now know, this novel disease called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and rapidly became a worldwide pandemic. Luckily, decades of research into animal coronaviruses hastened our understanding of the genetics, structure, transmission, and pathogenesis of these viruses. Coronaviruses infect a wide range of wild and domestic animals, with significant economic impact in several agricultural species. Their large genome, low dependency on host cellular proteins, and frequent recombination allow coronaviruses to successfully cross species barriers and adapt to different hosts including humans. The study of the animal diseases provides an understanding of the virus biology and pathogenesis and has assisted in the rapid development of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Here, we briefly review the classification, origin, etiology, transmission mechanisms, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies, including available vaccines, for coronaviruses that affect domestic, farm, laboratory, and wild animal species. We also briefly describe the coronaviruses that affect humans. Expanding our knowledge of this complex group of viruses will better prepare us to design strategies to prevent and/or minimize the impact of future coronavirus outbreaks.
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Key Words
- bcov, bovine coronavirus
- ccov, canine coronavirus
- cov(s), coronavirus(es)
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- crcov, canine respiratory coronavirus
- e, coronaviral envelope protein
- ecov, equine coronavirus
- fcov, feline coronavirus
- fipv, feline infectious peritonitis virus
- gfcov, guinea fowl coronavirus
- hcov, human coronavirus
- ibv, infectious bronchitis virus
- m, coronaviral membrane protein
- mers, middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus
- mhv, mouse hepatitis virus
- pedv, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
- pdcov, porcine deltacoronavirus
- phcov, pheasant coronavirus
- phev, porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus
- prcov, porcine respiratory coronavirus
- rt-pcr, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- s, coronaviral spike protein
- sads-cov, swine acute diarrhea syndrome-coronavirus
- sars-cov, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus–2
- tcov, turkey coronavirus
- tgev, transmissible gastroenteritis virus
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso S Gozalo
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland;,
| | - Tannia S Clark
- Office of Laboratory Animal Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David M Kurtz
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
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Niu TM, Yu LJ, Zhao JH, Zhang RR, Ata EB, Wang N, Zhang D, Yang YL, Qian JH, Chen QD, Yang GL, Huang HB, Shi CW, Jiang YL, Wang JZ, Cao X, Zeng Y, Wang N, Yang WT, Wang CF. Characterization and pathogenicity of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolated in China. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105924. [PMID: 36473667 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Piglet diarrhea caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a common problem on pig farms in China associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. In this study, three PEDV isolates were successfully detected after the fourth blind passage in Vero cells. The samples were obtained from infected piglet farms in Jilin (Changchun), and Shandong (Qingdao) Provinces of China and were designated as CH/CC-1/2018, CH/CC-2/2018, and CH/QD/2018. According to the analysis of the complete S protein gene sequence, the CH/CC-1/2018 and CH/CC-2/2018 were allocated to the G2b branch, while CH/QD/2018 was located in the G1a interval and was closer to the vaccine strain CV777. Successful detection and identification of the isolated strains were carried out using electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence. Meanwhile, animal challenge experiments and viral RNA copies determination were used to compare the pathogenicity. The results showed that CH/CC-1/2018 in Changchun was more pathogenic than CH/QD/2018 in Qingdao. In conclusion, the discovery of these new strains is conducive to the development of vaccines to prevent the pandemic of PEDV, especially that the CH/CC-1/2018, and CH/CC-2/2018 were not related to the classical vaccine strain CV777.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ming Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling-Jiao Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Emad Beshir Ata
- Parasitology and Animal Diseases Dep, Vet. Res. Institute, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nan Wang
- Jilin Province Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Changchun, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Lei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Hao Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiao-Dan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai-Bin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Wei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Long Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
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Qian X, Shen Y, Yuan J, Yang CT, Zhou X. Visual and Ultrasensitive Detection of a Coronavirus Using a Gold Nanorod Probe under Dark Field. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1146. [PMID: 36551113 PMCID: PMC9775988 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a coronavirus that causes highly infectious intestinal diarrhea in piglets, has led to severe economic losses worldwide. Rapid diagnosis and timely supervision are significant in the prophylaxis of PEDV. Herein, we proposed a gold-nanorod (GNR) probe-assisted counting method using dark field microscopy (DFM). The antibody-functionalized silicon chips were prepared to capture PEDV to form sandwich structures with GNR probes for imaging under DFM. Results show that our DFM-based assay for PEDV has a sensitivity of 23.80 copies/μL for simulated real samples, which is very close to that of qPCR in this study. This method of GNR probes combined with DFM for quantitative detection of PEDV not only has strong specificity, good repeatability, and a low detection limit, but it also can be implemented for rapid on-site detection of the pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejia Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuanzhao Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiasheng Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chih-Tsung Yang
- Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes Campas, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SW 5095, Australia
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Olech M. Current State of Molecular and Serological Methods for Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101074. [PMID: 36297131 PMCID: PMC9612268 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the Coronaviridae family, is the etiological agent of an acute and devastating enteric disease that causes moderate-to-high mortality in suckling piglets. The accurate and early detection of PEDV infection is essential for the prevention and control of the spread of the disease. Many molecular assays have been developed for the detection of PEDV, including reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays. Additionally, several serological methods have been developed and are widely used for the detection of antibodies against PEDV. Some of them, such as the immunochromatography assay, can generate results very quickly and in field conditions. Molecular assays detect viral RNA in clinical samples rapidly, and with high sensitivity and specificity. Serological assays can determine prior immune exposure to PEDV, can be used to monitor the efficacy of vaccination strategies and may help to predict the duration of immunity in piglets. However, they are less sensitive than nucleic acid-based detection methods. Sanger and next-generation sequencing (NGS) allow the analysis of PEDV cDNA or RNA sequences, and thus, provide highly specific results. Furthermore, NGS based on nonspecific DNA cleavage in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–Cas systems promise major advances in the diagnosis of PEDV infection. The objective of this paper was to summarize the current serological and molecular PEDV assays, highlight their diagnostic performance and emphasize the advantages and drawbacks of the application of individual tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Olech
- Department of Pathology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Wang K, Hu Z, Fan M, Shao Z, Yu Q, Li X. Development of an indirect ELISA to detect PEDV specific IgA antibody based on a PEDV epidemic strain. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:319. [PMID: 35982455 PMCID: PMC9386190 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), a swine epidemic disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), is characterized by severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and high mortality in piglets, and has caused serious economic losses to the global porcine industry. The level of PEDV IgA antibody is a key marker to assess the extent of passive immunity of the resistance against PEDV infection. However, current commercial structure proteins-based kits for detection of PEDV antibody are not affordable, and those kits require complicated antigen preparation procedures, which cannot meet the scope of economic benefits of many large-scale pig companies in China. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an accurate, simple, and economical method for IgA detection in clinical samples. In this study, an indirect ELISA (i-ELISA) method was developed based on a purified PEDV epidemic strain (NH-TA2020). Results The results show that optimal working dilution ratios of PEDV antigen and HRP anti-swine IgA are at 1: 1000 and 1:15000 respectively. The sensitivity of this method is high with the maximum dilution of samples up to 1:160, and coefficients of variation (CV) of both the intra assays and inter assays were no more than 15%. In addition, the relative sensitivities of the i-ELISA were above 90% compared with values from commercial kits in both serum and oral fluid samples. Conclusions Our results suggested that the i-ELISA developed in this study was an accurate, simple, and economical method for PEDV-IgA detection in clinical samples. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03419-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| | - Mingyu Fan
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| | - Zhenwen Shao
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| | - Qiannan Yu
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China. .,Shandong Swine Health Data and Intelligent Monitoring Project Laboratory, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China. .,Quality Control for Feed and Products of Livestock and Poultry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China.
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Pewlaoo S, Phanthong S, Kong-Ngoen T, Santajit S, Tunyong W, Buranasinsup S, Kaeoket K, Thavorasak T, Pumirat P, Sookrung N, Chaicumpa W, Indrawattana N. Development of a Rapid Reverse Transcription-Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Couple Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Method for Detecting Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071018. [PMID: 36101399 PMCID: PMC9312133 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection is an important acute diarrheal disease of swine especially in infected piglets can caused severe diarrhea, dehydration with difficulty in digesting milk curd, leading to death. The diagnosis of this viral infection is essential for monitoring and managing the disease. There is surprisingly little evidence such as easy rapid detection in the field. In this study, we developed rapid the reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification couple nucleic acid lateral flow for Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus detection targeted the membrane gene in the genome sequence of the virus. Herein, the results shown that the established assay is simple and rapid, increases high sensitivity and specificity, and can be applied in the field. Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection is an important acute diarrheal disease of swine that results in economic and industrial losses worldwide. The clinical manifestations in infected piglets are severe diarrhea, dehydration with milk curd indigestion, leading to death. The diagnosis of PEDV is essential for monitoring and managing the disease. PEDV can be detected and identified by serology and the nucleic acid of the virus in clinical samples. Therefore, a novel isothermal amplification and detection technique, reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification couple nucleic acid lateral flow (RT-RPA-NALF) was developed for the rapid detection of PEDV. Qualitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was established as the gold standard assay to compare results. Specific primer pairs and probes were designed, and RT-RPA conditions were optimized to amplify the M gene of PEDV. The established RT-RPA-NALF assay could finish in 25 min at a temperature of 42 °C and the amplicon interpreted by visual detection. The developed RT-RPA-NALF assay was specific to the M gene of PEDV, did not detect other common swine diarrhea pathogens, and showed minimal detection at 102 TCID50/mL PEDV. The RT-RPA-NALF assay can detect PEDV in 5 simulated fecal samples. Furthermore, in 60 clinical fecal samples, the results of RT-RPA-NALF correlated with RT-qPCR assay, which provides sensitivity of 95.65% and specificity of 100%, with a coincident rate of 98.33%. The rapid RT-RPA-NALF is simple and rapid, increases high sensitivity, and can be used in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seatthanan Pewlaoo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.P.); (T.K.-N.); (W.T.); (P.P.)
| | - Siratcha Phanthong
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (S.P.); (N.S.)
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (T.T.); (W.C.)
| | - Thida Kong-Ngoen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.P.); (T.K.-N.); (W.T.); (P.P.)
| | - Sirijan Santajit
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Witawat Tunyong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.P.); (T.K.-N.); (W.T.); (P.P.)
| | - Shutipen Buranasinsup
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Kampon Kaeoket
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Techit Thavorasak
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (T.T.); (W.C.)
| | - Pornpan Pumirat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.P.); (T.K.-N.); (W.T.); (P.P.)
| | - Nitat Sookrung
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (S.P.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Research Incubator Unit, Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (T.T.); (W.C.)
| | - Nitaya Indrawattana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.P.); (T.K.-N.); (W.T.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-354-9100 (ext. 1598)
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10
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Wu X, Liu Y, Gao L, Yan Z, Zhao Q, Chen F, Xie Q, Zhang X. Development and Application of a Reverse-Transcription Recombinase-Aided Amplification Assay for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030591. [PMID: 35336998 PMCID: PMC8948910 DOI: 10.3390/v14030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a coronavirus currently widespread worldwide in the swine industry. Since PEDV was discovered in China in 1984, it has caused huge economic losses in the swine industry. PEDV can infect pigs of all ages, but piglets have the highest infection with a death rate as high as 100%, and the clinical symptoms are watery diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. At present, there is not any report on PEDV detection by RT-RAA. In this study, we developed an isothermal amplification technology by using reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay (RT-RAA) combined with portable instruments to achieve a molecular diagnosis of PEDV in clinical samples from China. By designing a pair of RT-RAA primers and probes based on the PEDV N gene, this method breaks the limitations of existing detection methods. The assay time was within 30 min at 41 °C and can detect as few as 10 copies of PEDV DNA molecules per reaction. Sixty-two clinical tissue samples were detected by RT-qPCR and RT-RAA. The positive and negative rates for the two methods were 24.19% and 75.81%, respectively. Specificity assay showed that the RT-RAA had specifically detected PEDV and was not reactive for porcine parvovirus (PPV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), swine flu virus (SIV), or porcine Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The results suggested that RT-RAA had a strong specificity and high detection sensitivity when combined with a portable instrument to complete the detection under a constant temperature of 30 min, which are more suitable for preventing and controlling PEDV onsite in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Wu
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (L.G.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuanjia Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Liguo Gao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (L.G.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Animal Health and Environmental Control, Wen’s Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu 527439, China;
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (L.G.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (L.G.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (L.G.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Q.X.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-0283 (X.Z.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0740 (X.Z.)
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (L.G.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Q.X.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-0283 (X.Z.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0740 (X.Z.)
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11
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Nguyen Thi TH, Chen CC, Chung WB, Chaung HC, Huang YL, Cheng LT, Ke GM. Antibody Evaluation and Mutations of Antigenic Epitopes in the Spike Protein of the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus from Pig Farms with Repeated Intentional Exposure (Feedback). Viruses 2022; 14:551. [PMID: 35336958 PMCID: PMC8954129 DOI: 10.3390/v14030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The feedback strategy, or controlled exposure of pig herd to the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), significantly decreased losses during a severe outbreak in late 2013 in Taiwan. However, some pig farms still suffered from recurrent outbreaks. To evaluate the association between antibody titers and clinical manifestations, sera and colostra were analyzed from one pig farm that employed the feedback strategy. Furthermore, spike (S) gene full sequences from six positive samples of two farms with and without using feedback were compared to investigate the evolution of PEDV variants circulating in pig herds. The results in this study showed that high PEDV antibody titers do not correlate with the high rate of protection from PEDV infection. In addition, repeated feedback generated the emergence of PEDV variants with unique substitutions of N537S and Y561H in the COE domain and S769F in the SS6 epitopes. These mutations indicated the pathogenetic evolution of PEDV strains existing in the cycle of the feedback method. A very strict biosecurity practice to block the routes of pathogen transfer should be followed to achieve successful control of PEDV infections in pig herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Hien Nguyen Thi
- International Degree Program of Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No.1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Chih Chen
- Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (W.-B.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-L.H.)
| | - Wen-Bin Chung
- Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (W.-B.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-L.H.)
| | - Hso-Chi Chaung
- Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (W.-B.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-L.H.)
| | - Yen-Li Huang
- Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (W.-B.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-L.H.)
| | - Li-Ting Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ming Ke
- Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (W.-B.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-L.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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12
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Tiwari AK, Mishra A, Pandey G, Gupta MK, Pandey PC. Nanotechnology: A Potential Weapon to Fight against COVID-19. PARTICLE & PARTICLE SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION : MEASUREMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF PARTICLE PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOR IN POWDERS AND OTHER DISPERSE SYSTEMS 2022; 39:2100159. [PMID: 35440846 PMCID: PMC9011707 DOI: 10.1002/ppsc.202100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 infections have posed an unprecedented global health emergency, with nearly three million deaths to date, and have caused substantial economic loss globally. Hence, an urgent exploration of effective and safe diagnostic/therapeutic approaches for minimizing the threat of this highly pathogenic coronavirus infection is needed. As an alternative to conventional diagnosis and antiviral agents, nanomaterials have a great potential to cope with the current or even future health emergency situation with a wide range of applications. Fundamentally, nanomaterials are physically and chemically tunable and can be employed for the next generation nanomaterial-based detection of viral antigens and host antibodies in body fluids as antiviral agents, nanovaccine, suppressant of cytokine storm, nanocarrier for efficient delivery of antiviral drugs at infection site or inside the host cells, and can also be a significant tool for better understanding of the gut microbiome and SARS-CoV-2 interaction. The applicability of nanomaterial-based therapeutic options to cope with the current and possible future pandemic is discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul K. Tiwari
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology (BHU)VaranasiUttar Pradesh221005India
| | - Anupa Mishra
- Department of MicrobiologyDr. R.M.L. Awadh UniversityAyodhyaUttar Pradesh224001India
- Department of MicrobiologySri Raghukul Mahila Vidya PeethCivil Line GondaUttar Pradesh271001India
| | - Govind Pandey
- Department of PaediatricsKing George Medical UniversityLucknowUttar Pradesh226003India
| | - Munesh K. Gupta
- Department of MicrobiologyInstitute of Medical SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar Pradesh221005India
| | - Prem C. Pandey
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology (BHU)VaranasiUttar Pradesh221005India
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13
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Development of an accurate lateral flow immunoassay for PEDV detection in swine fecal samples with a filter pad design. ANIMAL DISEASES 2021; 1:27. [PMID: 34778887 PMCID: PMC8572657 DOI: 10.1186/s44149-021-00029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), as the main causative pathogen of viral diarrhea in pigs, has been reported to result in high morbidity and mortality in neonatal piglets and cause significant economic losses to the swine industry. Rapid diagnosis methods are essential for preventing outbreaks and transmission of this disease. In this study, a paper-based lateral flow immunoassay for the rapid diagnosis of PEDV in swine fecal samples was developed using stable color-rich latex beads as the label. Under optimal conditions, the newly developed latex bead-based lateral flow immunoassay (LBs-LFIA) attained a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 103.60 TCID50/mL and no cross-reactivity with other related swine viruses. To solve swine feces impurity interference, by adding a filtration unit design of LFIA without an additional pretreatment procedure, the LBs-LFIA gave good agreement (92.59%) with RT-PCR results in the analysis of clinical swine fecal samples (n = 108), which was more accurate than previously reported colloidal gold LFIA (74.07%) and fluorescent LFIA (86.67%). Moreover, LBs-LFIA showed sufficient accuracy (coefficient of variance [CV] < 15%) and stable (room temperature storage life > 56 days) performance for PEDV detection, which is promising for on-site analysis and user-driven testing in pig production system.
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14
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Luo Q, Zhu Y, Du H, Liao S, Yang Y, Chen H. Inhibition of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus by Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus polysaccharide 3. Res Vet Sci 2021; 141:146-155. [PMID: 34749099 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a deadly pathogen that still plagues suckling piglets. However, there is still no anti-PEDV drug available in clinics. To develop potential anti-PEDV drugs, the antiviral activity of Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus polysaccharide 3 (AOFP3) against PEDV infection in IPEC-J2 cells were assessed in our present study. The structural characterization of AOFP3 was studied by using HPAEC, GC-MS, FT-IR and NMR techniques. At the same time, the anti-PEDV activity of AOFP3 was investigated by performing RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. The results showed that AOFP3 (44.4 kDa) was composed of glucose and galacturonic acid at a molar ratio of 77.54:22.46 and consisted of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, T-α-D-Glcp-(1→ and →4)-α-D-GalAp-(1→. AOFP3 significantly decreased PEDV titer in IPEC-J2 cells and prevented cellular damage of IPEC-J2 cells caused by PEDV infection. Furthermore, AOFP3 showed an antioxidative activity in inhibiting PEDV reproduction. Therefore, AOFP3 was expected to be a material of anti-PEDV drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Institute of Traditional South Chinese Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Traditional South Chinese Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Qiyuan Luo
- Institute of Traditional South Chinese Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- Institute of Traditional South Chinese Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Huijun Du
- Institute of Traditional South Chinese Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Suya Liao
- Institute of Traditional South Chinese Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Institute of Traditional South Chinese Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Huricha Chen
- Institute of Traditional South Chinese Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
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15
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Bidram E, Esmaeili Y, Amini A, Sartorius R, Tay FR, Shariati L, Makvandi P. Nanobased Platforms for Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19: From Benchtop to Bedside. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2150-2176. [PMID: 33979143 PMCID: PMC8130531 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human respiratory viral infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Among the various respiratory viruses, coronaviruses (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) have created the greatest challenge and most frightening health threat worldwide. Human coronaviruses typically infect the upper respiratory tract, causing illnesses that range from common cold-like symptoms to severe acute respiratory infections. Several promising vaccine formulations have become available since the beginning of 2021. Nevertheless, achievement of herd immunity is still far from being realized. Social distancing remains the only effective measure against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nanobiotechnology enables the design of nanobiosensors. These nanomedical diagnostic devices have opened new vistas for early detection of viral infections. The present review outlines recent research on the effectiveness of nanoplatforms as diagnostic and antiviral tools against coronaviruses. The biological properties of coronavirus and infected host organs are discussed. The challenges and limitations encountered in combating SARS-CoV-2 are highlighted. Potential nanodevices such as nanosensors, nanobased vaccines, and smart nanomedicines are subsequently presented for combating current and future mutated versions of coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Bidram
- Biosensor
Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Avenue, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Yasaman Esmaeili
- Biosensor
Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Avenue, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Abbas Amini
- Centre
for Infrastructure Engineering, Western
Sydney University, Locked
Bag 1797, Penrith 2751, New South Wales, Australia
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Australian College
of Kuwait, Al Aqsa Mosque
Street, Mishref, Safat 13015, Kuwait
| | - Rossella Sartorius
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- The
Graduate
School, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Applied
Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Avenue, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
- Department
of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of
Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan
University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Avenue, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre
for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, viale
Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera 56025, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Nan P, Wen D, Opriessnig T, Zhang Q, Yu X, Jiang Y. Novel universal primer-pentaplex PCR assay based on chimeric primers for simultaneous detection of five common pig viruses associated with diarrhea. Mol Cell Probes 2021; 58:101747. [PMID: 34116142 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2021.101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Viral pathogens associated with diarrhea in pigs include porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine rotavirus A (RVA) and C (RVC) among others. In this study, a novel universal primer-based pentaplex PCR (UP-M-PCR) assay was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of these five viruses. The assay uses a short-cycle multiplex amplification by chimeric primers (CP), which are virus specific, with a tail added at the 5' end of the universal primer (UP), followed by universal amplification using UPs and a regular cycle amplification. Five universal primers with CPs (UP1-5) were designed and evaluated in an UP-based single PCR (UP-S-PCR). All five UPs were found to work efficiently and UP2 exhibited the best performance. After system optimizations, the analytical sensitivity of the UP-M-PCR, using plasmids containing the specific viral target fragments, was 5 copies/reaction for each of the five viruses irrespective of presence of a single or multiple viruses in the reaction. No cross-reaction was observed with other non-target viruses. When 273 fecal samples from clinically healthy pigs were tested, the assay sensitivity was 90.9-100%, the specificity was 98.0-100%, and the agreement rate with the UP-S-PCR was 98.5-99.6% with a Kappa value being 0.95-0.98. In summary, the UP-M-PCR developed here is a rapid and highly sensitive and specific detection method that can be used to demonstrate mixed infections in pigs with diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Nan
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tanja Opriessnig
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK; Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Qiuya Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonghou Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
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17
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Trevisan G, Linhares LCM, Schwartz KJ, Burrough ER, Magalhães EDS, Crim B, Dubey P, Main RG, Gauger P, Thurn M, Lages PTF, Corzo CA, Torrison J, Henningson J, Herrman E, McGaughey R, Cino G, Greseth J, Clement T, Christopher-Hennings J, Linhares DCL. Data standardization implementation and applications within and among diagnostic laboratories: integrating and monitoring enteric coronaviruses. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:457-468. [PMID: 33739188 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211002163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Every day, thousands of samples from diverse populations of animals are submitted to veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs) for testing. Each VDL has its own laboratory information management system (LIMS), with processes and procedures to capture submission information, perform laboratory tests, define the boundaries of test results (i.e., positive or negative), and report results, in addition to internal business and accounting applications. Enormous quantities of data are accumulated and stored within VDL LIMSs. There is a need for platforms that allow VDLs to exchange and share portions of laboratory data using standardized, reliable, and sustainable information technology processes. Here we report concepts and applications for standardization and aggregation of data from swine submissions to multiple VDLs to detect and monitor porcine enteric coronaviruses by RT-PCR. Oral fluids, feces, and fecal swabs were the specimens submitted most frequently for enteric coronavirus testing. Statistical algorithms were used successfully to scan and monitor the overall and state-specific percentage of positive submissions. Major findings revealed a consistently recurrent seasonal pattern, with the highest percentage of positive submissions detected during December-February for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine deltacoronavirus, and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). After 2014, very few submissions tested positive for TGEV. Monitoring VDL data proactively has the potential to signal and alert stakeholders early of significant changes from expected detection. We demonstrate the importance of, and applications for, data organized and aggregated by using LOINC and SNOMED CTs, as well as the use of customized messaging to allow inter-VDL exchange of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovani Trevisan
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Leticia C M Linhares
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Kent J Schwartz
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Eric R Burrough
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Edison de S Magalhães
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Bret Crim
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Poonam Dubey
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Rodger G Main
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Phillip Gauger
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Mary Thurn
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Paulo T F Lages
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Cesar A Corzo
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Jerry Torrison
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Jamie Henningson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Eric Herrman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Rob McGaughey
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Giselle Cino
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Jon Greseth
- Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
| | - Travis Clement
- Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
| | | | - Daniel C L Linhares
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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18
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Turlewicz-Podbielska H, Pomorska-Mól M. Porcine Coronaviruses: Overview of the State of the Art. Virol Sin 2021; 36:833-851. [PMID: 33723809 PMCID: PMC7959302 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Like RNA viruses in general, coronaviruses (CoV) exhibit high mutation rates which, in combination with their strong tendency to recombine, enable them to overcome the host species barrier and adapt to new hosts. It is currently known that six CoV are able to infect pigs. Four of them belong to the genus Alphacoronavirus [transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TEGV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV)], one of them to the genus Betacoronavirus [porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV)] and the last one to the genus Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). PHEV was one of the first identified swine CoV and is still widespread, causing subclinical infections in pigs in several countries. PRCV, a spike deletion mutant of TGEV associated with respiratory tract infection, appeared in the 1980s. PRCV is considered non-pathogenic since its infection course is mild or subclinical. Since its appearance, pig populations have become immune to both PRCV and TGEV, leading to a significant reduction in the clinical and economic importance of TGEV. TGEV, PEDV and PDCoV are enteropathogenic CoV and cause clinically indistinguishable acute gastroenteritis in all age groups of pigs. PDCoV and SADS-CoV have emerged in 2014 (US) and in 2017 (China), respectively. Rapid diagnosis is crucial for controlling CoV infections and preventing them from spreading. Since vaccines are available only for some porcine CoV, prevention should focus mainly on a high level of biosecurity. In view of the diversity of CoV and the potential risk factors associated with zoonotic emergence, updating the knowledge concerning this area is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Turlewicz-Podbielska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznan, Poland.
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19
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Li G, Wu M, Li J, Cai W, Xie Y, Si G, Xiao L, Cong F, He D. Rapid detection of porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus using the duplex recombinase polymerase amplification method. J Virol Methods 2021; 292:114096. [PMID: 33600848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) have emerged and spread throughout the porcine industry in many countries and are economically important pathogens causing diarrhea in sows and acute death in newborn piglets. Therefore, a sensitive diagnostic method would be beneficial for the prevention and control of PEDV and PDCoV infection. However, traditional detection methods have a number of drawbacks. This research aimed to establish a rapid detection method of duplex recombinant enzyme-mediated thermostatic amplification (RT-RPA) for PEDV and PDCoV. In this study, eight pairs of primers were designed for each virus according to the conserved domains of both PEDV and PDCoV from the NCBI Genbank, and one pair of primers was selected for each virus following the test results. After optimization of the reaction time, reaction temperature and primer concentration ratio, the duplex RT-RPA assay amplified a 226-bp fragment specifically for PEDV and a 321-bp fragment specifically for PDCoV. Meanwhile, the specificity and sensitivity of the primers and clinical samples were tested to verify the establishment of the RT-RPA method. The sensitivities of the duplex RT-RPA method for PEDV and PDCoV were 1 × 102 copies/μL. The results were consistent with PCR results and showed that a detection method for PEDV and PDCoV duplex RT-RPA was successfully established. In summary, the duplex recombinase polymerase amplification method could offer a promising alternative to the duplex RT-qPCR for detection of PEDV and PDCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Miaoli Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong, Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Weiyou Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yongsheng Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guangbing Si
- College of Veterinary Medicine of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong, Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China
| | - Feng Cong
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong, Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China.
| | - Dongsheng He
- College of Veterinary Medicine of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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20
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Hsu WT, Chang CY, Tsai CH, Wei SC, Lo HR, Lamis RJS, Chang HW, Chao YC. PEDV Infection Generates Conformation-Specific Antibodies That Can Be Effectively Detected by a Cell-Based ELISA. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020303. [PMID: 33671997 PMCID: PMC7919263 DOI: 10.3390/v13020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a coronavirus that causes serious and highly contagious enteric disease in swine worldwide. In this study, we constructed a recombinant baculovirus (S-Bac) expressing full-length spike protein of the virulent epidemic genotype 2b (G2b) PEDV strain for serological studies of infected pigs. We found that most spike-specific antibodies produced upon PEDV infection in pigs are conformation-specific and they could be detected on S-Bac-infected insect cells by immunofluorescent assay, but they were insensitive to Western blot analysis, the typical method for antiserum analysis. These results indicated that spike conformation is crucial for serum recognition. Since it is difficult to purify trimeric spike membrane protein for conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we used S-Bac to generate a novel cell-based ELISA for convenient PEDV detection. We analyzed 100 pig serum samples, and our cell-based ELISA exhibited a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 97%, and almost perfect agreement [Cohen’s kappa coefficient value (κ) = 0.98] with immunocytochemical staining results. Our cell-based ELISA rapidly presented antigen for proper detection of conformation-specific antibodies, making PEDV detection more convenient, and it will be useful for detecting many viral diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (W.-T.H.); (C.-H.T.); (S.-C.W.); (H.-R.L.); (R.J.S.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Chih-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (W.-T.H.); (C.-H.T.); (S.-C.W.); (H.-R.L.); (R.J.S.L.)
| | - Sung-Chan Wei
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (W.-T.H.); (C.-H.T.); (S.-C.W.); (H.-R.L.); (R.J.S.L.)
| | - Huei-Ru Lo
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (W.-T.H.); (C.-H.T.); (S.-C.W.); (H.-R.L.); (R.J.S.L.)
| | - Robert John S. Lamis
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (W.-T.H.); (C.-H.T.); (S.-C.W.); (H.-R.L.); (R.J.S.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (H.-W.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (W.-T.H.); (C.-H.T.); (S.-C.W.); (H.-R.L.); (R.J.S.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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21
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Liu Q, Gerdts V. Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus of Pigs and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (Coronaviridae). ENCYCLOPEDIA OF VIROLOGY 2021. [PMCID: PMC7157468 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-809633-8.20928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus nsp15 Antagonizes Interferon Signaling by RNA Degradation of TBK1 and IRF3. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060599. [PMID: 32486349 PMCID: PMC7354440 DOI: 10.3390/v12060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes a porcine disease associated with swine epidemic diarrhea. The type I interferon (IFN-I or IFN α/β) is a key mediator of innate antiviral response during virus infection. Different antagonistic strategies have been identified and determined as to how PEDV infection inhibits the host's IFN responses to escape the host innate immune pathway, but the pathogenic mechanisms of PEDV infection are not fully elucidated. Our preliminary results revealed that endogenous TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), the key components in the IFN signaling pathway were downregulated in PEDV infected IPEC-J2 cells by iTRAQ analysis. In this study, we screened nsp15 as the most important viral encoded protein involved in TBK1 and IRF3 reduction. Endoribonuclease (EndoU) activity has been well determined for coronavirus nsp15. Three residues (H226, H241, and K282) of PEDV nsp15 were identified as critical amino acids for PEDV EndoU but not D265, which was not well correlated with published results of other coronaviruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV). Moreover, PEDV nsp15 can directly degrade the RNA levels of TBK1 and IRF3 dependent on its EndoU activity to suppress IFN production and constrain the induction of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs), by which PEDV antagonizes the host innate response to facilitate its replication. Collectively, these results have confirmed that PEDV nsp15 was capable of subverting the IFN response by the RNA degradation of TBK1 and IRF3.
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23
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Bigault L, Brown P, Bernard C, Blanchard Y, Grasland B. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: Viral RNA detection and quantification using a validated one-step real time RT-PCR. J Virol Methods 2020; 283:113906. [PMID: 32485176 PMCID: PMC7261358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Development and complete validation of a one-step RT-qPCR method for the detection and quantification of PEDV. Broad range detection of S-INDEL and S-non-INDEL strains. Optimization of Primer concentrations reduce primer dimer formation. Addition of a proteinase K treatment allow good reproducibility.
Since 2014, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has reemerged in Europe. RT-PCR methods have been described for the detection of PEDV, but none have been validated according to a norm. In this study we described the development and validation of a SYBR™ Green one-step RT-qPCR according to the French norm NF U47-600, for the detection and quantification of PEDV viral RNA. The method was validated from sample preparation (feces or jejunum) through to nucleic acid extraction and RT-qPCR detection. Specificity and sensitivity, limit of detection (LoD), limit of quantification (LQ), linearity, intra and inter assay variability were evaluated using transcribed RNA and fecal and jejunum matrices spiked with virus. The analytical and diagnostic specificities and sensitivities of this RT-qPCR were 100% in this study. A LoD of 50 genome copies/5 μl of extract from fecal matrices spiked with virus or RNA transcript and 100 genome copies/5 μl of extract from jejunum matrices spiked with virus were obtained. The Lower LQ (LLQ) was 100 genome copies/5 μl and the Upper LQ (ULQ) 108 copies/5 μl. This method is the first, validated according a norm for PEDV and may serve as a global reference method to harmonize detection and quantification of PEDV viral RNA in both field and experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Bigault
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France.
| | - Paul Brown
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Cécilia Bernard
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Yannick Blanchard
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Béatrice Grasland
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France
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24
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Kimpston-Burkgren K, Mora-Díaz JC, Roby P, Bjustrom-Kraft J, Main R, Bosse R, Giménez-Lirola LG. Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection under Experimental and Field Conditions Using an AlphaLISA Platform. Pathogens 2020; 9:E233. [PMID: 32245150 PMCID: PMC7157568 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus infections are a continuous threat raised time and again. With the recent emergence of novel virulent strains, these viruses can have a large impact on human and animal health. Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is considered to be a reemerging pig disease caused by the enteropathogenic alphacoronavirus PED virus (PEDV). In the absence of effective vaccines, infection prevention and control through diagnostic testing and quarantine are critical. Early detection and differential diagnosis of PEDV infections increase the chance of successful control of the disease. Therefore, there is a continuous need for development of reduced assay-step protocols, no-wash, high-throughput immunoassays. This study described the characterization of the humoral immune response against PEDV under experimental and field conditions using a rapid, sensitive, luminescent proximity homogenous assay (AlphaLISA). PEDV IgG and IgA antibodies were developed toward the beginning of the second week of infection. PEDV IgG antibodies were detected for at least 16 weeks post-exposure. Remarkably, the serum IgA levels remained high and relatively stable throughout the study, lasting longer than the serum IgG response. Overall, AlphaLISA allows the detection and characterization of pathogen-specific antibodies with new speed, sensitivity, and simplicity of use. Particularly, the bridge assay constitutes a rapid diagnostic that substantially improves upon the "time to result" metric of currently available immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Kimpston-Burkgren
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (K.K.-B.); (J.C.M.-D.); (J.B.-K.); (R.M.)
| | - Juan Carlos Mora-Díaz
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (K.K.-B.); (J.C.M.-D.); (J.B.-K.); (R.M.)
| | - Philippe Roby
- Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA 02451, USA; (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Jordan Bjustrom-Kraft
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (K.K.-B.); (J.C.M.-D.); (J.B.-K.); (R.M.)
| | - Rodger Main
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (K.K.-B.); (J.C.M.-D.); (J.B.-K.); (R.M.)
| | - Roger Bosse
- Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA 02451, USA; (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Luis Gabriel Giménez-Lirola
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (K.K.-B.); (J.C.M.-D.); (J.B.-K.); (R.M.)
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25
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Xu F, Jin Z, Zou S, Chen C, Song Q, Deng S, Xiao W, Zhang X, Jia A, Tang Y. EuNPs-mAb fluorescent probe based immunochromatographic strip for rapid and sensitive detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Talanta 2020; 214:120865. [PMID: 32278431 PMCID: PMC7111840 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), induced by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and high mortality in neonatal piglets, resulting in significant economic losses in the pig industries. In this study, an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) based on a EuNPs-mAb fluorescent probe was developed and optimized for rapid detection of PEDV. The limit of detection (LOD) of the ICA was 0.218 μg/mL (2.725 × 103 TCID50/mL) and its linear detection range was 0.03125-8 μg/mL (3.91 × 102-105 TCID50/mL). The ICA was also validated for the detection of PEDV in swine stool samples. 60 swine stool samples from southern China were analyzed by the ICA and RT-PCR, and the results showed that the coincidence rate of the ICA to RT-PCR was 86.67%, which was significantly higher than that of AuNPs based ICA. The ICA is sensitive and specific and can achieve on-site rapid detection of swine stool samples. Therefore, the ICA has a great potential for PED diagnosis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Jin
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Siyi Zou
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Chaoqun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Qifang Song
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Shengchao Deng
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Aiqing Jia
- Guangdong Haid Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary, PR China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
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26
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Myint O, Yoshida A, Sekiguchi S, Van Diep N, Fuke N, Izzati UZ, Hirai T, Yamaguchi R. Development of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus specific antibodies (IgG) in serum of naturally infected pigs. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:409. [PMID: 31718620 PMCID: PMC6852973 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection is a highly contagious infectious disease causing watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and high mortality rate in newborn piglets. PEDV infection can cause high economic losses in pig industry. In Japan, a PEDV outbreak occurred with high mortality from 2013 to 2015. Even though until now, PEDV infection occurs sporadically. For the control and monitoring of PEDV infection, not only symptomatic pigs, but also asymptomatic pigs should be identified. The objective of this study is to develop and optimize novel indirect ELISA as a simple, rapid, sensitive and specific method for the detection of anti-PEDV antibodies and evaluate the efficacy of the assay as a diagnostic method for PED. RESULTS One hundred sixty-two serum samples, consisting of 81 neutralization test (NT) positive and 81 NT negative sera, were applied to the assay. Indirect ELISA test based on whole virus antigen (NK94P6 strain) derived from Vero cell culture was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with neutralization test (NT) as a reference method, and cut-off value was determined as 0.320 with sensitivity and specificity of 92.6 and 90.1%, respectively. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.949, indicating excellent accuracy of indirect ELISA test. There was significant positive correlation between indirect ELISA and neutralization test (R = 0.815, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the kappa statics showed the excellent agreement between these two tests (kappa value = 0.815). In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of preserved plates with different periods (1 day, 2 weeks, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months) after drying antigen coated plates were 100% and 80-100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The developed indirect ELISA test in our study would be useful as a reliable test for serological survey and disease control of PEDV infection, and our pre-antigen coated ELISA plates can be preserved at 4 °C until at least 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohnmar Myint
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ayako Yoshida
- Department of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sekiguchi
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Animal Infectious Disease and Prevention, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nguyen Van Diep
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Fuke
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Uda Zahli Izzati
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Takuya Hirai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yamaguchi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
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Ma Z, Wang T, Li Z, Guo X, Tian Y, Li Y, Xiao S. A novel biotinylated nanobody-based blocking ELISA for the rapid and sensitive clinical detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:96. [PMID: 31526383 PMCID: PMC6745792 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which is characterized by severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and a high mortality rate in piglets, leads to enormous economic losses to the pork industry and remains a large challenge worldwide. Thus, a rapid and reliable method is required for epidemiological investigations and to evaluate the effect of immunization. However, the current diagnostic methods for PEDV are time-consuming and very expensive and rarely meet the requirements for clinical application. Nanobodies have been used in the clinic to overcome these problems because of the advantages of their easy expression and high level of stability. In the present work, a novel biotinylated nanobody-based blocking ELISA (bELISA) was developed to detect anti-PEDV antibodies in clinical pig serum. Results Using phage display technology and periplasmic extraction ELISA (PE-ELISA), anti-PEDV N protein nanobodies from three strains of PEDV were successfully isolated after three consecutive rounds of bio-panning from a high quality phage display VHH library. Then, purified Nb2-Avi-tag fusion protein was biotinylated in vitro. A novel bELISA was subsequently developed for the first time with biotinylated Nb2. The cutoff value for bELISA was 29.27%. One hundred and fifty clinical serum samples were tested by both newly developed bELISA and commercial kits. The sensitivity and specificity of bELISA were 100% and 93.18%, respectively, and the coincidence rate between the two methods was 94%. Conclusions In brief, bELISA is a rapid, low-cost, reliable and useful nanobody-based tool for the serological evaluation of current PEDV vaccines efficacy and indirect diagnosis of PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuyang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangsheng Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuqi Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Lei XM, Yang YL, He YQ, Peng L, Zhao P, Xu SY, Cao H, Fang P, Qiu W, Qin P, Wang B, Huang YW. Specific recombinant proteins of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus are immunogenic, revealing their potential use as diagnostic markers. Vet Microbiol 2019; 236:108387. [PMID: 31500721 PMCID: PMC7117304 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Given the highly contagious and acute nature of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), especially in piglets, there is an urgent need for the development of rapid and sensitive diagnostic assays. The diagnostic potentials of specific porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) accessory and nonstructural proteins, if any, have not yet been investigated. In order to determine and compare which of the viral proteins may be useful as diagnostic antigens, whole virus (WV) particles and a panel of structural and nonstructural PEDV proteins [spike subunit 1 (S1), the C-terminal part of ORF3 (ORF3C), envelope (E), nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1), Nsp2, Ac (acidic domain of Nsp3), and ADRP (ADP-ribose-1-monophosphatase domain of Nsp3), expressed individually in bacterial and/or mammalian cells] were tested for reactivity with sera from PEDV-infected pigs by ELISA and/or western blot analysis. According to western blots, serum antibody interactions with the S1 protein were relatively more sensitive and specific than ORF3C, E and Ac. Furthermore, a total of 851 serum samples from diarrheal pigs of different ages were analyzed by ELISA, with most showing immune-reactivity towards the WV, S1, ORF3C, and E proteins. The earliest IgG antibody response was observed in the one-week-old piglets, with similar antibody ontogeny and patterns of seroconversion for S1, ORF3C, E, and WV antigens. In addition, the pattern of neutralizing antibody was more similar to that of IgA in weaning piglets after PEDV infection. Collectively, these data provide more reliable information on the host immune response to different viral proteins, which will be useful for development of novel serological assays and for design of vaccines that better stimulate protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Mei Lei
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong-Le Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong-Qiang He
- The Technical Center of Zhejiang Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of The P.R. China, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pengwei Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shu-Ya Xu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongwei Cao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hei Long Jiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Pengfei Fang
- Huapai Bioengineering Group Co., Ltd, Jianyang 641423, China
| | - Wenying Qiu
- Huapai Bioengineering Group Co., Ltd, Jianyang 641423, China
| | - Pan Qin
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yao-Wei Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Shan Y, Liu Y, Liu Z, Li G, Chen C, Luo H, Chen Y, Guo N, Shi X, Zhang X, Fang W, Li X. Development and application of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant S1 for serological testing of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Can J Microbiol 2019; 65:343-352. [PMID: 30707600 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe infectious diseases in all ages of swine and leads to serious economic losses. Serologic tests are widely accepted and used to detect anti-PEDV antibodies that could indicate PEDV infection or vaccination. In this study, PEDV recombinant S1 protein (rS1) was expressed with the Bac-to-Bac system and purified by nickel-affinity chromatography. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on rS1 (rS1-ELISA) was then developed and optimized by checkerboard assays with serial dilutions of antigen and serum. Serum samples from 453 domestic pigs and 42 vaccinated pigs were analyzed by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test and rS1-ELISA. Taking IFA as a gold standard, rS1-ELISA produced a high sensitivity (90.7%) and specificity (94.6%) by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In addition, ROC analysis also revealed that rS1-ELISA was consistent with IFA (area under the curve 0.9583 ± 0.0082). This rS1-ELISA was then applied to antibody detection in inactivated PEDV vaccinated pigs. The antibody could be detected 2-4 weeks after the first inoculation. These results indicated that the rS1-ELISA established in this study provides a promising and reliable tool for serologic detection of anti-PEDV IgG antibodies in infected or vaccinated pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shan
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Liu
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Li
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Cong Chen
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hao Luo
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yunlu Chen
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ningning Guo
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,b Xiazhuhu Wetland Scenic Management Committee, Deqing, Huzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xingfen Shi
- c Animal Products Quality Testing Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xian Zhang
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,d College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Bian H, Xu F, Jia Y, Wang L, Deng S, Jia A, Tang Y. A new immunochromatographic assay for on-site detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus based on monoclonal antibodies prepared by using cell surface fluorescence immunosorbent assay. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:32. [PMID: 30658643 PMCID: PMC6339306 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly effective pathogen that can cause death of new-born piglet, resulting in big economical loss in pig farming industry. For rapid detection of PEDV, a new immunochromatographic assay (ICA) based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was developed in this study. RESULTS The mAbs were prepared by using PEDV positive hybridoma cells that were selected by using cell surface fluorescence immunosorbent assay (CSFIA). Fourteen mAbs against PEDV strain isolated from south of China were prepared. The optimal mAb 4A11 was coated on NC membrane as the capturing reagent and the mAb A11H7 was coupled to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as detection reagent for the new ICA. The new ICA was used to measure PEDV in phosphate buffer containing tween-20. Results indicated that the limit of detection (LOD) of the new ICA was 0.47 μg/mL (5.9 × 103 TCID50/mL) and the liner detection range of the ICA was 0.625-10 μg/mL (7.8 × 103-105 TCID50/mL). The specificity analysis results showed that this new ICA had no cross reaction in the presence of other porcine viruses. The ICA was also validated for the detection of PEDV in swine stool samples with little interference from swine stool. To compare its accuracy to other traditional detection methods, 27 swine stool samples from south of China were investigated with the new developed ICA, commercial strip and RT-PCR. Results showed that the new ICA was more comparable to RT-PCR than commercial test strip. CONCLUSIONS A new ICA based on mAbs prepared by CSFIA was developed in this study. It was a sensitive, specific and rapid method that could be used for on-site detection of PEDV and therefore was useful for the diagnosis and prevention of PED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfen Bian
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumin Jia
- College of veterinary medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengchao Deng
- Guangdong Haid Institute of animal Husbandry & Veterinary, Guangzhou, 511400, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqing Jia
- Guangdong Haid Institute of animal Husbandry & Veterinary, Guangzhou, 511400, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Li L, Yu X, Zhang H, Cheng H, Hou L, Zheng Q, Hou J. In vitro antiviral activity of Griffithsin against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Virus Genes 2019; 55:174-181. [PMID: 30637608 PMCID: PMC7089098 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Griffithsin is a lectin with potent antiviral activity against enveloped viruses. The objective of this study was to assess Griffithsin’s inhibitory effect on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). The results showed that Griffithsin reduced PEDV infection of Vero cells by approximately 82.8%. Moreover, using time-of-addition assays and RT-qPCR, we found that delayed addition of Griffithsin had a weaker inhibitory effect on PEDV than earlier treatment. The mechanism of Griffithsin’s action against PEDV involved both preventing viral attachment to host cells and disrupting cell-to-cell transmission; its dual mode of action distinguished Griffithsin from most other antiviral drugs. In conclusion, Griffithsin was identified as a potent PEDV inhibitor and may represent a candidate drug for preventing PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoming Zhang
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiwei Cheng
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liting Hou
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qisheng Zheng
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jibo Hou
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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32
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Wang Q, Vlasova AN, Kenney SP, Saif LJ. Emerging and re-emerging coronaviruses in pigs. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 34:39-49. [PMID: 30654269 PMCID: PMC7102852 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three coronaviruses are emerging/reemerging in pigs. The three porcine coronaviruses may have originated from other species. The clinical signs and pathogenesis of the three viruses are similar. No cross-protection among the three porcine coronaviruses. Individual vaccines are needed for each virus for disease prevention and control.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome-coronavirus (SADS-CoV) are emerging/reemerging coronaviruses (CoVs). They cause acute gastroenteritis in neonatal piglets. Sequence analyses suggest that PEDV and SADS-CoV may have originated from bat CoVs and PDCoV from a sparrow CoV, reaffirming the interspecies transmission of CoVs. The clinical signs and pathogenesis of the three viruses are similar. Necrosis of infected intestinal epithelial cells occurs, causing villous atrophy that results in malabsorptive diarrhea. The severe diarrhea and vomiting may lead to dehydration and death of piglets. Natural infection induces protective immunity, but there is no cross-protection among the three viruses. Besides strict biosecurity measures, individual vaccines are needed for each virus for disease prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Wang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
| | - Anastasia N Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Scott P Kenney
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
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33
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Liu G, Jiang Y, Opriessnig T, Gu K, Zhang H, Yang Z. Detection and differentiation of five diarrhea related pig viruses utilizing a multiplex PCR assay. J Virol Methods 2019; 263:32-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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34
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A convenient colorimetric assay for the quantification of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and neutralizing antibodies. J Virol Methods 2018; 262:32-37. [PMID: 30218684 PMCID: PMC7113882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PEDV is an economically important, enteric coronavirus of swine. Visual reading of 96 well plates for virus neutralization (V/N) or TCID50 assays is time consuming. The newly developed colorimetric PEDV V/N and TCID50 assays are reliable and convenient.
Neonatal enteritis caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an important cause of high mortality and economic losses to the swine industry. Virus neutralization (V/N) assays are commonly requested in diagnostic laboratories for the assessment of protective antibodies. However, the visual assessment of viral cytopathic effects by operators to determine antibody titers or for viral quantification is a tedious, subjective and time-consuming process, especially when high volume testing is involved. To improve the ease of testing, a colorimetric virus neutralization and TCID50 assays were developed and validated in this study using (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) Tr-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium- bromide) (MTT), a colorimetric agent which measures cell viability. The respective conventional assays were used as the gold standards. An OD cut off value of ≤0.53, selected by receiver operating characteristics analysis, could distinguish between wells with and without CPE accurately. Performance and reproducibility parameters of the colorimetric assays were comparable to the conventional assays. The described methods can reduce testing time in diagnostic laboratories, while significantly improving current protocols.
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35
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Garcia GG, Aquino MAD, Balbin MM, Belotindos LP, Supnet JG, Mingala CN. Characterisation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolates during the 2014-2015 outbreak in the Philippines. Virusdisease 2018; 29:342-348. [PMID: 30159369 PMCID: PMC6111962 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The viral agent of the porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) was investigated during the reported 2014-2015 outbreaks in commercial farms in Central Luzon, Philippines. The study covered detection of PED virus (PEDV) in fecal and intestinal samples through reverse transcription PCR and sequence analysis of the nucleocapsid (N) gene. Results showed that 10 out of 34 fecal and intestinal samples examined were positive for PEDV. The partial nucleotide sequence of the N gene of the field samples showed 98-99% homologous to PEDV sequences registered in the GenBank. It was also noted that N gene sequences between field samples were 98% homologous. Interestingly, the partial sequences of the N genes of the field samples were genetically similar to the PEDV isolates from USA, China, Mexico, Canada and Japan. The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the Philippine samples clustered in group 2-1 of the PEDV, wherein the isolates of this group were responsible for the outbreaks in Asia and the USA. Analysis of the partial nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed polymorphisms, deletions and insertions in the N-gene of the PEDV. Amino acid sequence alignment also showed deletions and insertion in the PEDV detected in the Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemerlyn G Garcia
- 1College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, 3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines
| | - Mark Arman D Aquino
- 1College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, 3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines
| | - Michelle M Balbin
- Biosafety and Environment Section, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool, 3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines
| | - Lawrence P Belotindos
- Biosafety and Environment Section, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool, 3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines
| | - Jonathan G Supnet
- Angeles Core Enterprise Inc., Pulung Cacutud, 2009 Angeles City, Pampanga Philippines
| | - Claro N Mingala
- Biosafety and Environment Section, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool, 3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines.,4Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, 3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines
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Mathematical modeling of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus dynamics within a farrow-to-finish swine farm to investigate the effects of control measures. Prev Vet Med 2018; 149:115-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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37
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Mokhtarzadeh A, Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Pashazadeh P, Hejazi M, Gharaatifar N, Hasanzadeh M, Baradaran B, de la Guardia M. Nanomaterial-based biosensors for detection of pathogenic virus. Trends Analyt Chem 2017; 97:445-457. [PMID: 32287543 PMCID: PMC7126209 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are real menace to human safety that cause devastating viral disease. The high prevalence of these diseases is due to improper detecting tools. Therefore, there is a remarkable demand to identify viruses in a fast, selective and accurate way. Several biosensors have been designed and commercialized for detection of pathogenic viruses. However, they present many challenges. Nanotechnology overcomes these challenges and performs direct detection of molecular targets in real time. In this overview, studies concerning nanotechnology-based biosensors for pathogenic virus detection have been summarized, paying special attention to biosensors based on graphene oxide, silica, carbon nanotubes, gold, silver, zinc oxide and magnetic nanoparticles, which could pave the way to detect viral diseases and provide healthy life for infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paria Pashazadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Iran
| | | | - Nasrin Gharaatifar
- Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Miguel de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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38
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Giles TA, Belkhiri A, Barrow PA, Foster N. Molecular approaches to the diagnosis and monitoring of production diseases in pigs. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:266-272. [PMID: 28535467 PMCID: PMC7118804 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Production disease in pigs is caused by a variety of different pathogens, mainly enteric and respiratory and can result in significant economic loss. Other factors such as stress, poor husbandry and nutrition can also contribute to an animal's susceptibility to disease. Molecular biomarkers of production disease could be of immense value by improving diagnosis and risk analysis to determine best practice with an impact on increased economic output and animal welfare. In addition to the use of multiplex PCR or microarrays to detect individual or mixed pathogens during infection, these technologies can also be used to monitor the host response to infection via gene expression. The patterns of gene expression associated with cellular damage or initiation of the early immune response may indicate the type of pathology and, by extension the types of pathogen involved. Molecular methods can therefore be used to monitor both the presence of a pathogen and the host response to it during production disease. The field of biomarker discovery and implementation is expanding as technologies such as microarrays and next generation sequencing become more common. Whilst a large number of studies have been carried out in human medicine, further work is needed to identify molecular biomarkers in veterinary medicine and in particular those associated with production disease in the pig industry. The pig transcriptome is highly complex and still not fully understood. Further gene expression studies are needed to identify molecular biomarkers which may have predictive value in identifying the environmental, nutritional and other risk factors which are associated with production diseases in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Giles
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE125RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Aouatif Belkhiri
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE125RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul A Barrow
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE125RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Neil Foster
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE125RD, United Kingdom.
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Zhu Y, Liang L, Luo Y, Wang G, Wang C, Cui Y, Ai X, Cui S. A sensitive duplex nanoparticle-assisted PCR assay for identifying porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus from clinical specimens. Virus Genes 2016; 53:71-76. [PMID: 27815750 PMCID: PMC7089489 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1405-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel duplex nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanoPCR) assay was developed to detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). Two pairs of primers were designed based on the conserved region within the N gene of PEDV and TGEV. In a screening of 114 clinical samples from four provinces in China for PEDV and TGEV, 48.2 and 3.5 % of the samples, respectively, tested positive. Under optimized conditions, the duplex nanoPCR assay had a detection limit of 7.6 × 101 and 8.5 × 101 copies μL−1 for PEDV and TGEV, respectively. The sensitivity of the duplex nanoPCR assay was ten times higher than that of a conventional PCR assay. Moreover, no fragments were amplified when the duplex nanoPCR assay was used to test samples containing other porcine viruses. Our results indicate that the duplex nanoPCR assay described here is useful for the rapid detection of PEDV and TGEV and can be applied in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, HLJ August First Land Reclamation University, Daqing, 163319, China
- Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yakun Luo
- Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Animal Medical Center DBN Technology Group, Beijing, 100195, China
| | - Chunren Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, HLJ August First Land Reclamation University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Yudong Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, HLJ August First Land Reclamation University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Xia Ai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Shangjin Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, HLJ August First Land Reclamation University, Daqing, 163319, China.
- Institute of Animal Science (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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