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Zheng W, Yang D, Zeng X, Liu Q, Wang C, Wu X, Li M, Liu Y, Chen L, Weng W, Zhang Y. Utilization of the waste aqueous phase from tea residue hydrothermal carbonization for preparing active food packaging films. Food Chem 2024; 448:139141. [PMID: 38574716 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an effective strategy for high-value utilization of tea residue (TR), and it was noticed the aqueous phase (AP) has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to investigate the chemical components and characteristics of the AP, and applied it in active food packaging films. The results showed that the total phenolic content of AP was 1.86 mg GAE/mL, and the main compounds in AP were organic acids, alcohols, and amino acids. The AP showed excellent antibacterial activity and antioxidant capacity. The active films were prepared using the casting method. The 4:7-AP/PVA film showed outstanding mechanical properties (tensile strength = 34.18 MPa, elongation at break = 458.67%), antioxidant ability (DPPH scavenging capacity 92.01%), antibacterial activity, water resistance and biocompatibility. The banana preservation test showed the AP/PVA films could successfully prolong the shelf-life of bananas and have the potential to be food packaging films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zheng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Danmin Yang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Qun Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Chunchun Wang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xialing Wu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Linjing Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Wuyin Weng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yucang Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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2
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Zhang R, Liu H, Sariola-Leikas E, Tran KQ, He C. Practical strategies of phosphorus reclamation from sewage sludge after different thermal processing: Insights into phosphorus transformation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 255:121524. [PMID: 38569360 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In the context of circular economy and global shortage of phosphorus (P) fertilizer production, it is crucial to effectively recover P during the treatment and disposal of sewage sludge (SS). Although thermal treatment of SS has been widely applied, a targeted P reclamation route is not yet well established. This study has comprehensively investigated and compared the physicochemical properties of SS and solid residues (hydrochar (HC), biochar (BC), sewage sludge ash (SSA), hydrochar ash (HCA), and biochar ash (BCA)) after application of three typical thermal treatment techniques (i.e., hydrothermal carbonization (180‒240 °C), pyrolysis (400‒600 °C) and combustion (850 ℃). P speciation and transformation during thermal processes were extensively explored followed by a rational proposal of effective P reclamation routes. Specifically, thermal processing decomposed organic P and converted non-apatite P to apatite P. Orthophosphate-P was found to be the main species in all samples. Physicochemical properties of the resulting thermal-derived products were significantly affected by the thermal techniques applied, thereby determining their feasibility for different P reclamation purposes. In particular, ash is not recommended for agricultural use due to higher harmful metals content, while acid leaching can be an alternative solution to synthesize non-Fe-containing P products because of the lower co-dissolved Fe content in the leachate. HC and BC offer the option for synthesis of Fe containing products. Eventually, HC and BC demonstrate great potential for agriculture application, however, a comprehensive risk assessment should be conducted before their real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichi Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Essi Sariola-Leikas
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Khanh-Quang Tran
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Kolbjørn Hejes Vei 1B, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Chao He
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
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3
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Yu S, He J, Zhang Z, Sun Z, Xie M, Xu Y, Bie X, Li Q, Zhang Y, Sevilla M, Titirici MM, Zhou H. Towards Negative Emissions: Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass for Sustainable Carbon Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307412. [PMID: 38251820 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The contemporary production of carbon materials heavily relies on fossil fuels, contributing significantly to the greenhouse effect. Biomass is a carbon-neutral resource whose organic carbon is formed from atmospheric CO2. Employing biomass as a precursor for synthetic carbon materials can fix atmospheric CO2 into solid materials, achieving negative carbon emissions. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) presents an attractive method for converting biomass into carbon materials, by which biomass can be transformed into materials with favorable properties in a distinct hydrothermal environment, and these carbon materials have made extensive progress in many fields. However, the HTC of biomass is a complex and interdisciplinary problem, involving simultaneously the physical properties of the underlying biomass and sub/supercritical water, the chemical mechanisms of hydrothermal synthesis, diverse applications of resulting carbon materials, and the sustainability of the entire technological routes. This review starts with the analysis of biomass composition and distinctive characteristics of the hydrothermal environment. Then, the factors influencing the HTC of biomass, the reaction mechanism, and the properties of resulting carbon materials are discussed in depth, especially the different formation mechanisms of primary and secondary hydrochars. Furthermore, the application and sustainability of biomass-derived carbon materials are summarized, and some insights into future directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Jiangkai He
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Zhien Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zhuohua Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Mengyin Xie
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yongqing Xu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Bie
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Qinghai Li
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yanguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Marta Sevilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono (INCAR), CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe 26, Oviedo, 33011, Spain
| | | | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
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Wang L, Yin G, Chang Y, Qiao S. Carbon-rich and low-ash hydrochar formation from sewage sludge by alkali-thermal hydrolysis coupled with acid-assisted hydrothermal carbonization. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 177:182-195. [PMID: 38330514 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The production of carbon-rich and low-ash hydrochar from sewage sludge is attracting interest due to its great application prospect in high value-added carbon materials fields, but which is impossible through direct hydrothermal carbonization. In this study, alkali-thermal hydrolysis followed by acid-assisted hydrothermal carbonization was thus proposed. Thermal hydrolysis at strong alkaline environment was more effective than acid one to promote the dissolution of organic matters and restrain the release of inorganic matters from sludge, which created a favorable condition for hydrochar formation in a carbon-rich and low-ash way. Alkali-thermal hydrolysis began to show a positive effect on the dissolution of organics in sludge when temperature exceeded the threshold of 90 °C, and an increase of 9.77 % was found at 150 °C when compared to 30 °C. Acid-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of alkali-thermal hydrolysate (ATH) at pH 1.0 strongly promoted condensation polymerization of dissolved organics to form hydrochar and meanwhile inhibited introduction of dissolved inorganics. The nanosized microparticulate hydrochar derived from ATH-30 had a carbon and ash content of 50.98-61.31 % and 10.76-12.09 %, while the micro-sized microspheric hydrochar with multiple deposition layers formed from ATH-150 showed a better performance in carbon-rich and low-ash aspect where a carbon and ash content of 58.24-70.07 % and 0.40-3.24 % was realized, both of which were obviously superior to the direct hydrochar (carbon 34.86 % and ash 46.11 %). The condensation of dissolved organics during alkali-thermal hydrolysis stage is important to the carbonization degree of hydrochar. This study provides a new perspective in sludge disposal and production of advanced carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Gaotian Yin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuzhi Chang
- Environmental Monitoring Center, Jining Ecology and Environment Sub-bureau, Ulanqab 012000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shiliang Qiao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
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Stefanelli E, Vitolo S, Di Fidio N, Puccini M. Tailoring the porosity of chemically activated carbons derived from the HTC treatment of sewage sludge for the removal of pollutants from gaseous and aqueous phases. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118887. [PMID: 37678019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The management of sewage sludge is currently an open issue due to the large volume of waste to be treated and the necessity to avoid incineration or landfill disposal. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been recognized as a promising thermochemical technique to convert sewage sludge into value-added products. The hydrochar (HC) obtained can be suitable for environmental application as fuel, fertilizer, and sorbent. In this study, activated hydrochars (AHs) were prepared from sewage sludge through HTC followed by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and tested for the removal of pollutants in gaseous and aqueous environments, investigating carbon dioxide (CO2) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) adsorption capacity. The effects of activation temperature (550-750 °C) and KOH/HC impregnation ratio (1-3) on the produced AHs morphology and adsorption capacity were studied by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results of RSM analysis evidenced a maximum CO2 uptake of 71.47 mg/g for mild activation conditions (600-650 °C and KOH/HC = 1 ÷ 2), whereas the best CIP uptake of 628.61 mg/g was reached for the most severe conditions (750 °C, KOH/HC = 3). The prepared AHs were also applied for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions, and the MB uptake results were used for estimating the specific surface area of AHs. High surface areas up to 1902.49 m2/g were obtained for the highest activation temperature and impregnation ratio investigated. Predictive models of CO2 and CIP uptake were developed by RSM analysis, and the optimum activation conditions for maximizing the adsorption performance together with high AH yield were identified: 586 °C and KOH/HC ratio = 1.34 for maximum yield (26.33 %) and CO2 uptake (67.31 mg/g); 715 °C and KOH/HC ratio = 1.78 for maximum yield (18.75 %) and CIP uptake (370.77 mg/g). The obtained results evidenced that chemical activation of previously HTC-treated sewage sludge is a promising way to convert waste into valuable low-cost adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Stefanelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale, Università di Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Vitolo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale, Università di Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Fidio
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Puccini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale, Università di Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122, Pisa, Italy.
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Hejna M, Świechowski K, Białowiec A. Study on the Effect of Hydrothermal Carbonization Parameters on Fuel Properties of Sewage Sludge Hydrochar. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6903. [PMID: 37959500 PMCID: PMC10648982 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of economic and population growth, increased wastewater production poses a challenge related to sewage sludge treatment, which is problematic given its high moisture content, amount, and hazardous characteristics. This study focuses on the hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge to produce carbonous material-hydrochar, which may be an alternative to fossil fuels. The effect of process parameters, namely, temperature (180, 240, 300 °C) and duration time (30, 90, 180 min), on hydrochar properties (proximate and ultimate analysis, heating values) and process performance were studied. Obtained results indicate and confirm that hydrothermal carbonization, especially temperature increase, improves the fuel properties of carbonized sewage sludge. The highest low heating value was obtained for hydrochar derived at 300 °C in 180 min (~23 MJ × kg-1). The highest energy gain was noted for hydrochar derived at 240 °C in 180 min (~23%). As well as relatively high mass and energy yield in comparison to other hydrochars, these parameters are considered the most favorable for sewage sludge hydrothermal carbonization. However, high energy consumption (over 1300 kJ × g-1) suggests that more research on the process's economical efficacy is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (M.H.); (K.Ś.)
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7
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Tuong Vy NT, Nha Khanh DN, Nghia NN, Khoa LH, Nhi PT, Hung LX, Minh Phuong DT, Kim Phuong NT. Key Role of Corncob Based-Hydrochar (HC) in the Enhancement of Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Using a Derivative of ZnBi-Layered Double Hydroxides. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5027. [PMID: 37512301 PMCID: PMC10386041 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
A superior heterojunction of HC-ZnBi-LDO was synthesized in two steps, namely hydrothermal carbonization, followed by co-precipitation. The 2% HC-ZnBi-LDO heterojunction photocatalysts could degrade over 90.8% of 30 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) using 1.0 g/L of the catalyst after 135 min of visible light exposure at pH 4. The activity of 2% HC-ZnO-LDO was remarkably stable. Approximately 86.4-90.8% of 30 mg/L 2,4-D was degraded, and more than 79-86.4% of TOC was mineralized by 2% HC-ZnBi-LDO at pH 4 after 135 min of visible light exposure during four consecutive cycles. The rapid separation and migration of charge carriers at the interfaces between HC and ZnBi-LDO were achieved within 2% HC-ZnBi-LDO. Moreover, the electron acceptor characteristic of HC in 2% HC-ZnBi-LDO caused the recombination of charge carriers to decrease significantly, thus generating more reactive radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals (OH●) and superoxide radicals (O2●-). These results demonstrate that the novel 2% HC-ZnBi-LDO is a superior photocatalyst for the remediation of hazardous organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngo Thi Tuong Vy
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Nguyen Nha Khanh
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Nghia
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | - Le Hai Khoa
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Tuan Nhi
- Hochiminh City Institute of Resources Geography, Tay Nguyen Institute of Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | - Le Xuan Hung
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Doan Thi Minh Phuong
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, Ho Chi Minh 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Phuong
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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Yahav Spitzer R, Belete YZ, Johnson HA, Kolusheva S, Mau V, Gross A. Hydrothermal carbonization reaction severity as an indicator of human-excreta-derived hydrochar properties and it's combustion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162176. [PMID: 36775163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an emerging technology that may potentially address sanitation problems and energy scarcity. However, the significance of the parameters that govern HTC (e.g., temperature and time) is not fully understood, in particular for human excreta. A simplified coalification model was used to describe the 'strength' of thermal reactions by combining temperature and time into a single parameter, the severity factor. This study is the first to assess the extent to which a severity coalification model can predict the properties of human-excreta-derived hydrochar for a given severity with different combinations of reaction time and temperature. HTC experiments with raw human excreta were undertaken with 50 mL batch reactors at five different severities. Severity was established with different combinations of temperature (180 °C, 210 °C, and 240 °C) and reaction time based on the severity-factor equation. The resulting hydrochars were tested for combustion properties, and the respective gas emission as well as, physicochemical and surface area parameters. Significant correlations were found between severity and yield (R2 = 0.88), carbon content (R2 = 0.85), and calorific value (R2 = 0.90), with the properties being similar for a given severity but varying with different severities. Hydrochar's contact angle increased from 53.1° to 81.3° with increasing SF, while surface area remained low, ranging from <1 to 5.1 m2g-1, with no definite correlation to SF. Combustion profiles for a given severity were generally similar, but the ignition, peak, and burnout temperatures differed between severities. Gram-Schmidt curves indicated that gas emission profiles are similar for a given severity but vary with different severities. The main gases emitted in combustion were virtually identical in all treatments, and included CO2, alkenes (C9, C10), CH4, and H2O. It is concluded that many properties of hydrochar can be inferred from the severity factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Yahav Spitzer
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Yonas Zeslase Belete
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Hunter A Johnson
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Sofiya Kolusheva
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Vivian Mau
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Amit Gross
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker campus, 84990, Israel.
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Zhou Y, Remón J, Pang X, Jiang Z, Liu H, Ding W. Hydrothermal conversion of biomass to fuels, chemicals and materials: A review holistically connecting product properties and marketable applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 886:163920. [PMID: 37156381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomass is a renewable and carbon-neutral resource with good features for producing biofuels, biochemicals, and biomaterials. Among the different technologies developed to date to convert biomass into such commodities, hydrothermal conversion (HC) is a very appealing and sustainable option, affording marketable gaseous (primarily containing H2, CO, CH4, and CO2), liquid (biofuels, aqueous phase carbohydrates, and inorganics), and solid products (energy-dense biofuels (up to 30 MJ/kg) with excellent functionality and strength). Given these prospects, this publication first-time puts together essential information on the HC of lignocellulosic and algal biomasses covering all the steps involved. Particularly, this work reports and comments on the most important properties (e.g., physiochemical and fuel properties) of all these products from a holistic and practical perspective. It also gathers vital information addressing selecting and using different downstream/upgrading processes to convert HC reaction products into marketable biofuels (HHV up to 46 MJ/kg), biochemicals (yield >90 %), and biomaterials (great functionality and surface area up to 3600 m2/g). As a result of this practical vision, this work not only comments on and summarizes the most important properties of these products but also analyzes and discusses present and future applications, establishing an invaluable link between product properties and market needs to push HC technologies transition from the laboratory to the industry. Such a practical and pioneering approach paves the way for the future development, commercialization and industrialization of HC technologies to develop holistic and zero-waste biorefinery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Zhou
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China; China Leather and Footwear Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Javier Remón
- Thermochemical Processes Group, Aragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50.018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Xiaoyan Pang
- China Leather and Footwear Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Jiang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Haiteng Liu
- China Leather and Footwear Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Wei Ding
- China Leather and Footwear Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing 100015, PR China.
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10
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Sadh PK, Chawla P, Kumar S, Das A, Kumar R, Bains A, Sridhar K, Duhan JS, Sharma M. Recovery of agricultural waste biomass: A path for circular bioeconomy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161904. [PMID: 36736404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Circular bio-economy is a significant approach to resolving global issues elevated by environmental pollution. The generation of bioenergy and biomaterials can withstand the energy-environment connection as well as substitute petroleum-based materials as the feed stock production, thereby contributing to a cleaner and low-carbon-safe environment. Open discarding of waste is a major cause of environmental pollution in developing and under developed countries. Agricultural bio-wastes are obtained through various biological sources and industrial processing, signifying a typical renewable source of energy with ample nutrients and readily biodegradable organic substances. These waste materials are competent to decompose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The projected global population, urbanization, economic development, and changing production and consumption behavior result in bounteous bio-waste production. These bio-wastes mainly contain starch, cellulose, protein, hemicellulose, and lipids, which can operate as low-cost raw materials to develop new value-added products. Thus, this review discussed specifically the agricultural waste and valorization processes used to convert this waste into value-added products (biofuel, enzymes, antibiotics, ethanol and single cell protein). These value added products are used in the supply chain and enhance the overall performance of agriculture waste management, execution of circular bio-economy has attained significant importance and it explains a closed-loop system in which the potential resources remain in the loop, allowing them to be sustained into a new value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Kumar Sadh
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Anamika Das
- Department of Paramedical Sciences, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo 151 302, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Aarti Bains
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, Punjab, India
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Joginder Singh Duhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India.
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Haute Ecole Provinciale de Hainaut-Condorcet, 7800 Ath, Belgium.
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11
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Chan YH, Lock SSM, Chin BLF, Wong MK, Loy ACM, Foong SY, Yiin CL, Lam SS. Progress in thermochemical co-processing of biomass and sludge for sustainable energy, value-added products and circular economy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 380:129061. [PMID: 37075852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To achieve the main goal of net zero carbon emission, the shift from conventional fossil-based energy/products to renewable and low carbon-based energy/products is necessary. Biomass has been perceived as a carbon-neutral source from which energy and value-added products can be derived, while sludge is a slurry waste that inherently contains high amount of minerals and organic matters. Hence, thermochemical co-processing of biomass wastes and sludge could create positive synergistic effects, resulting in enhanced performance of the process (higher conversion or yield) and improved qualities or characteristics of the products as compared to that of mono-processing. This review presents the current progress and development for various thermochemical techniques of biomass-sludge co-conversion to energy and high-value products, and the potential applications of these products from circular economy's point of view. Also, these technologies are discussed from economic and environmental standpoints, and the outlook towards technology maturation and successful commercialization is laid out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Herng Chan
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd. (PRSB), Lot 3288 & 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Serene Sow Mun Lock
- CO(2) Research Center (CO(2)RES), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Bridgid Lai Fui Chin
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia; Energy and Environment Research Cluster, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Mee Kee Wong
- PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd. (PRSB), Lot 3288 & 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Shin Ying Foong
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Chung Loong Yiin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia; Institute of Sustainable and Renewable Energy (ISuRE), Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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12
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Dan Y, Wang X, Ji M, Sang W, Shen Z, Zhang Y. Influence of temperature change on the immobilization of soil Pb and Zn by hydrochar: Roles of soil microbial modulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121109. [PMID: 36669718 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Considering the potential effect of the ambient temperature on soil microorganisms during heavy metal immobilization by hydrochar, 60 days of soil incubation was conducted to explore the impact of ambient temperature (5, 25, and 35 °C) on the immobilization of Pb and Zn by chitosan-magnetic sawdust hydrochar (CMSH) and magnetic chitosan hydrochar (MCH). The results showed that soil pH was relatively high and total organic carbon (TOC) was slightly lower in the 35 °C treatment. The diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) available state content decreased significantly with the temperature increasing. Meanwhile, the ratios of stable Pb and Zn in the sequential extraction method proposed by the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) gradually increased with increasing temperature. The heatmap based on microbial community showed that elevated temperature not only favored the enrichment of metal-stable phyla, such as Chloroflexi, but was also involved in inhibiting the growth of Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and Proteobacteria. Meanwhile, different genera (Fonticella and Bacillus) in the Firmicutes phylum had distinct responses to temperature as well as to heavy metal immobilization effects. Subsequently, redundancy analysis confirmed that Chloroflexi and Fonticella were positively correlated with temperature and stable state metal content, while Actinobacteriota and Bacillus were negatively correlated with temperature and were positively correlated with DTPA available metal content. Moreover, Pb and Zn indicators displayed significant correlations for the dominant genera (R2 > 0.8, p < 0.02).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Dan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Mengyuan Ji
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Wenjing Sang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Zheng Shen
- Institute of New Rural Development, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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13
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Miserli K, Kosma C, Konstantinou I. Determination of pharmaceuticals and metabolites in sludge and hydrochar after hydrothermal carbonization using sonication-QuEChERS extraction method and UHPLC LTQ/Orbitrap MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:1686-1703. [PMID: 35922598 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals (PhACs) are an important group of emerging contaminants that are released continuously in the environment from wastewater treatments plants (WWTPs). They can produce biological effects even though at very low concentrations. Conventional WWTPs are not able to remove or degrade completely emerging pollutants resulting in the presence of PhACs in sewage sludge after wastewater treatment. PhACs are found in sludge at low ppb-ppt levels, and their analysis and detection is a difficult task due to the complexity of sewage sludge matrices. Hydrothermal carbonization is currently being proposed as a suitable conversion technology for sewage sludge management to recover valuable products and to be used for soil amendment. In this work, a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based methodology with a dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS), operated in positive ionization mode, was adopted to investigate 33 multiclass pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge and in hydrochar produced after hydrothermal carbonization. The analytical method was first optimized studying various extraction parameters and finally validated in terms of linearity, recovery, intra and inter-day precisions, expanded uncertainty (%U)/Horrat ratio at three spiking levels, matrix-effects (ME), process efficiency (PE), and limits of detection and quantification. The developed methodology fulfilled all analytical requirements and was finally applied to sludge samples from the WWTP of Ioannina city where a group of antibiotics was detected at concentrations up to 15 ng g-1 and psychiatric drugs such as amisulpride, clozapine, and citalopram were detected at higher concentration levels up to 205, 87.4 and 63.2 ng g-1, respectively. The method was also applied to hydrothermally treated sludge sample under different reaction conditions. Most of the antibiotic compounds were not detected, and several psychiatric drugs such as mirtazapine, bupropion, valsartan, diazepam, and caffeine were found at concentrations below the LOQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleopatra Miserli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christina Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Konstantinou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
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14
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Zhu X, Xu Y, Zhen G, Lu X, Xu S, Zhang J, Gu L, Wen H, Liu H, Zhang X, Wu Z. Effective multipurpose sewage sludge and food waste reduction strategies: A focus on recent advances and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136670. [PMID: 36280116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Energy crisis and increasing rigorous management standards pose significant challenges for solid waste management worldwide. Several emerging diseases such as COVID-19 aggravated the already complex solid waste management crisis, especially sewage sludge and food waste streams, because of the increasingly large production year by year. As mature waste disposal technologies, landfills, incineration, composting, and some other methods are widespread for solid wastes management. This paper reviews recent advances in key sewage sludge disposal technologies. These include incineration, anaerobic digestion, and valuable products oriented-conversion. Food waste disposal technologies comprised of thermal treatment, fermentation, value-added product conversion, and composting have also been described. The hot topic and dominant research foci of each area are summarized, simultaneously compared with conventional technologies in terms of organic matter degradation or conversion performance, energy generation, and renewable resources production. Future perspectives of each technology that include issues not well understood and predicted challenges are discussed with a positive effect on the full-scale implementation of the discussed disposal methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zhu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China.
| | - Yuting Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Guangyin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Xueqin Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Suyun Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Lin Gu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Haifeng Wen
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China.
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Zhichao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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15
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Singh A, Tsai ML, Chen CW, Rani Singhania R, Kumar Patel A, Tambat V, Dong CD. Role of hydrothermal pretreatment towards sustainable biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128271. [PMID: 36351534 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the world is experiencing a shift from petroleum refineries to biorefineries due to fossil fuel depletion and environmental concerns. To achieve sustainable development of biorefineries and other components of the biofuel production process, eco-friendly and cost-effective approaches are necessary. Therefore, lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) must be exploited in biorefineries for the generation of a broad spectrum of products. The complex structure of LCB prevents its direct saccharification by enzymatic means, so pretreatment is necessary. There are several pretreatment technologies for disrupting the lignocellulosic structure, but hydrothermal pretreatment is the leading pretreatment technology for recovering hemicellulose fraction with a low number of inhibitors and an increased amount of cellulose. The severity of hydrothermal pretreatment plays a principal role in affecting cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin structure. A detailed account of microwave-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment technologies and the cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and upcoming challenges of this technology for commercialization with the probable solution is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuiya Singh
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Vaibhav Tambat
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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16
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Development of a Continuous Hydrothermal Treatment Process for Efficient Dewatering of Industrial Wastewater Sludge. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sludges from the papermaking industry represent a challenging residue stream that is difficult to dewater using conventional processes. The successful development and scale-up of innovative processes from lab- to pilot- to industrial-scale are required to tackle challenges for waste treatment, including paper sludges. Biological paper sludge was treated via a mild hydrothermal carbonization process (TORWASH®) to improve dewaterability of the sludge, including long-duration, continuous testing. Initial lab-scale experiments indicated the optimal treatment temperature for sludge dewatering was 190 °C. Dewaterability improved with increasing temperature, but the obtained solid yield decreased. Scaling-up to a continuous flow pilot plant required a temperature of 200 °C to achieve optimum dewatering. Pilot-scale hydrothermal treatment and dewatering resulted in solid cakes with an average dry matter content of 38% and a solid yield of 39%. This study demonstrates the benefits of hydrothermal carbonization for the dewatering of biological paper sludge without the use of dewatering aids such as fiber sludge or polyelectrolytes. The results also demonstrate the successful adaptation of a lab-scale batch process to a pilot-scale continuous flow process for hydrothermal carbonization of industrial wastewater sludge.
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17
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Fractional distillation of biocrude from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae: Upgrading of fuel properties. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Tasca AL, Vitolo S, Gori R, Mannarino G, Raspolli Galletti AM, Puccini M. Hydrothermal carbonization of digested sewage sludge: The fate of heavy metals, PAHs, PCBs, dioxins and pesticides. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135997. [PMID: 35987266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is emerging as a promising technology for the management of sewage sludge. The fate of phytosanitary products, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls) after HTC, as well as the formation of dioxins and furans, is still unclear. Moreover, only little information is available on the distribution of heavy metals and major nutrients between the hydrochars and the process water. Here, we aim to contribute to fill these gaps. HTC of sewage sludge from six different wastewater treatment plants has been carried out at 220 °C for 85 min. Feedstock, hydrochars and spent liquor have been then characterized and discussed. HTC is here proven to be a suitable technology for the immobilization of both heavy hydrocarbons and heavy metals, with the exception arsenic, which was also found in the spent liquor at a significant proportion (∼15-∼50%). DDD, DDT, DDE were detected in all sludge samples and their content was reduced by nearly one order of magnitude after the process. HTC is here proven to not be responsible at an appreciable extent of PCBs enrichment of the processed solids. Moreover, the sum of PCDDs and PCDFs in hydrochars never exceeded 20 ng kg-1 s.s. The results obtained encourage further developing of HTC, with the aim to improve the sustainability of sewage sludge management. Additional studies on the environmental impact of hydrochar when used as alternative fuel, as well as soil amendment, could lead to the overcoming of the issues which still hinder these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luca Tasca
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Sandra Vitolo
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56122, Pisa, Italy; INSTM National Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Gori
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139, Florence, Italy; INSTM National Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Gemma Mannarino
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Raspolli Galletti
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy; INSTM National Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Monica Puccini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56122, Pisa, Italy; INSTM National Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology, Pisa, Italy.
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19
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Kahilu GM, Bada S, Mulopo J. Physicochemical, structural analysis of coal discards (and sewage sludge) (co)-HTC derived biochar for a sustainable carbon economy and evaluation of the liquid by-product. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17532. [PMID: 36266312 PMCID: PMC9584926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the hydrothermal treatment (HTC) of coal tailings (CT) and coal slurry (CS) and the co-hydrothermal treatment (Co-HTC) of CT, CS and sewage sludge to assess the potential for increasing the carbon content of the hydrochar produced as an enabler for a sustainable carbon economy. The optimal combination methodology and response surface methodology were used to study the relationship between the important process parameters, namely temperature, pressure, residence time, the coal-to-sewage-sludge ratio, and the carbon yield of the produced hydrochar. The optimized conditions for hydrochar from coal tailing (HCT) and hydrochar from coal slurry (HCS) (150 °C, 27 bar, 95 min) increased fixed carbon from 37.31% and 53.02% to 40.31% and 57.69%, respectively, the total carbon content improved from 42.82 to 49.80% and from 61.85 to 66.90% respectively whereas the ash content of coal discards decreased from 40.32% and 24.17% to 38.3% and 20.0% when compared CT and CS respectively. Optimized Co-HTC conditions (208 °C, 22.5bars, and 360 min) for Hydrochar from the blend of coal discards and sewage sludge (HCB) increased the fixed carbon on a dry basis and the total carbon content from 38.67% and 45.64% to 58.82% and 67.0%, when compared CT and CS respectively. Carbonization yields for HCT, HCS, and HCB were, respectively, 113.58%, 102.42%, and 129.88%. HTC and Co-HTC increase the calorific value of CT and CS, to 19.33 MJ/kg, 25.79 MJ/kg, respectively. The results further show that under Co-HTC conditions, the raw biomass undergoes dehydration and decarboxylation, resulting in a decrease in hydrogen from 3.01%, 3.56%, and 3.05% to 2.87%, 2.98%, and 2.75%, and oxygen from 8.79%, 4.78, and 8.2% to 5.83%, 2.75%, and 6.00% in the resulting HCT, HCS, and HCB, respectively. HTC and Co-HTC optimal conditions increased the specific surface area of the feedstock from 6.066 m2/g and 6.37 m2/g to 11.88 m2/g and 14.35 m2/g, for CT and CS, respectively. Total pore volume rose to 0.071 cm3/g from 0.034 cm3/g, 0.048 cm3/g, and 0.09 cm3/g proving the ability of HTC to produce high-quality hydrochar from coal discards alone or in conjunction with sewage sludge as precursors for decontamination of polluted waters, soil decontamination applications, solid combustibles, energy storage, and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentil Mwengula Kahilu
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135DSI-NRF SARChI Clean Coal Technology Research Group, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa ,grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Sustainable Energy and Environment Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, Wits, PO Box 3, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - Samson Bada
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135DSI-NRF SARChI Clean Coal Technology Research Group, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - Jean Mulopo
- grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Sustainable Energy and Environment Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, Wits, PO Box 3, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
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20
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Ebrahimi M, Hassanpour M, Rowlings DW, Bai Z, Dunn K, O'Hara IM, Zhang Z. Effects of lignocellulosic biomass type on nutrient recovery and heavy metal removal from digested sludge by hydrothermal treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115524. [PMID: 35717693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sludge is a nutrient-rich organic waste generated from wastewater treatment plants. However, the application of sludge as a nutrient source is limited by its high contents of water and pollutants. In this study, the effects of biomass type on nutrient recovery and heavy metal removal from digested sludge by hydrothermal treatment (HTT) were investigated. Blending biomass with digested sludge for HTT at 180-240 °C increased the recovery of nitrogen in the treated solids. At the HTT temperature of 240 °C, HTT with hardwood sawdust led to the highest nitrogen recovery of 70.6%, compared to the lowest nitrogen recovery of 36.5% without biomass. Blending biomass slightly decreased the recovery of phosphorus compared to those without biomass. Nevertheless, the lowest phosphorus recovery of 91.3% with the use of hardwood sawdust at the HTT temperature of 240 °C was only ∼7.0% less than that without biomass. Blending biomass reduced the contents of macro-metals such as Ca, Fe, Mg and Al in treated solids but the metal contents varied with different biomasses. Regarding the heavy metals, the use of rice husk did not decrease the contents of Ni and Co while blending bagasse did not decrease the content of Cr at HTT temperatures of 210 °C and 240 °C compared to the use of other biomasses. The different effects of biomass type on nutrient recovery and heavy metals were likely related to the types and abundances of organic acids such as acetic acid, oxygen-containing functional groups such as C-OH and COOH, oxide minerals such as silica from biomasses and the overall effects of these factors. This study provides very useful information in selection of lignocellulosic biomass for HTT of sludge for nutrient recovery and heavy metal removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ebrahimi
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Morteza Hassanpour
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - David W Rowlings
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kameron Dunn
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Ian M O'Hara
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia.
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21
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Feng Y, Du H, Wulandari T, Poinern GEJ, Jiang ZT, Fawcett D, Hassan N, Xue L, Yang L. Hydrochar amendments stimulate soil nitrous oxide emission by increasing production of hydroxyl radicals and shifting nitrogen functional genes in the short term: A culture experiment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134771. [PMID: 35500635 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of waste biomass-derived hydrochar to soil may cause extremely intensive nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes that can challenge our current mechanistic understanding of the global nitrogen cycle in the biosphere. In this study, two waste biomasses were used to prepare cyanobacterial biomas-derived hydrochar (CHC) and wheat straw-derived hydrochar (SHC) for short-term incubation experiments to identify their effects and mechanisms of waste biomass-derived hydrochar on soil N2O efflux, with time-series samples collected for N2O efflux and soil analysis. The results showed that CHC and SHC caused short-term bursts of N2O effluxes without nitrogen inputs. Moreover, the enrichment of exogenous organics and nutrients at the hydrochar-soil interface was identified as the key factor for enhancing N2O fluxes, which stimulated microbial nitrification (i.e., increased gene copy number of ammonia oxidizing bacteria) and denitrification (i.e., increased gene copy number of nitrate and N2O reducing bacteria) processes. The concentrations of Fe (II) and hydroxyl radicals (HO•) were 6.49 and 5.63 times higher, respectively, in the hydrochar layer of CHC than SHC amendment. Furthermore, structural equation models demonstrated that HO•, as well as soil microbiomes, played an important role in driving N2O fluxes. Together, our findings provide a deeper insight into the assessment and prognosis of the short-term environmental risk arising from agricultural waste management in integrated agriculture. Further studies under practical field application conditions are warranted to verify the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group / Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 5150, Australia
| | - Haiyan Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Triana Wulandari
- Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group / Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 5150, Australia
| | - Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern
- Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group / Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 5150, Australia
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group / Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 5150, Australia
| | - Derek Fawcett
- Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group / Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 5150, Australia
| | - Naveed Hassan
- Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group / Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 5150, Australia
| | - Lihong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Linzhang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
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22
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Hämäläinen A, Kokko M, Kinnunen V, Hilli T, Rintala J. Hydrothermal carbonization of pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment sludges - characterization and potential use of hydrochars and filtrates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 355:127258. [PMID: 35526710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pulp and paper industry's mixed sludge represents waste streams with few other means of disposal than incineration. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) could be advantageous for the sludge refinement into value-added products, thus complementing the concept of pulp and paper mills as biorefineries. Laboratory HTC was performed on mixed sludge (at 32% and 15% total solids) at temperatures of 210-250 °C for 30 or 120 min, and the characteristics of the HTC products were evaluated for their potential for energy, carbon, and nutrient recovery. The energy content increased from 14.9 MJ/kg in the mixed sludge up to 20.5 MJ/kg in the hydrochars. The produced filtrates had 12-15-fold higher COD and 3-5-fold higher volumetric methane production than untreated sludge filtrates, even though the methane yield against g-COD was lower. The increased value of the hydrochars in terms of energy content and carbon sequestration potential promote HTC deployment in sludge treatment and upgrading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hämäläinen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O.Box 541, 33104 Tampere University, Finland.
| | - Marika Kokko
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O.Box 541, 33104 Tampere University, Finland
| | | | - Tuomo Hilli
- Fifth Innovation Oy, Väinölänkatu 26, 33500, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Rintala
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O.Box 541, 33104 Tampere University, Finland
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23
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Ye G, Wang Y, Zhu W, Wang X, Yao F, Jiao Y, Cheng H, Huang H, Ye D. Preparing hierarchical porous carbon with well-developed microporosity using alkali metal-catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization for VOCs adsorption. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134248. [PMID: 35288187 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomass-derived porous carbonaceous materials are efficient adsorbents for VOCs, but their traditional preparation method, pyrolysis combined with activation, suffers from high energy consumption, equipment corrosion, and low pore-making efficiency, which hinders their large-scale practical application. A novel method of alkali metal-catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization coupling with chemical activation for the preparation of microporous carbon is presented. Porous carbon with well-developed microporosity deriving from corn husk were prepared through the hydrothermal carbonization using potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) as a catalyst and programmed heating activation process. And the products were applied to removal of typical oxygen-containing VOCs, ethyl acetate. The addition of K2S2O8 in hydrothermal carbonization accelerated the biomass hydrolysis, decomposed the biopolymer, and formed functional hydrochars. Potassium salts introduced into the hydrochars, which acted as an activator in this programmed heating activation process, formed a great deal of micropores. The specific surface area of micropores increased by 81%, and the specific surface area of micropores less than 1 nm increased by 180%. The introduction of K2S2O8 in preparation improved the adsorption performance of CH-based porous carbons 16.46% and 60.00% respectively at different preparation temperatures (600 °C and 800 °C). Basing on these results, the improvement of micropores less than 1 nm is directly related to the adsorption performance. This indicates that pores (<1 nm) respond well to the adsorption of ethyl acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzheng Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfu Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujun Jiao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hairong Cheng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haomin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (SCUT), 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Daiqi Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (SCUT), 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Della Torre C, Liberatori G, Ghilardi A, Del Giacco L, Puccini M, Ferraro F, Vitolo S, Corsi I. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo-larval contact assay combined with biochemical biomarkers and swimming performance in sewage sludge and hydrochar hazard assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 302:119053. [PMID: 35227847 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization is considered a powerful technology to convert sewage sludge (SS) into a valuable carbonaceous solid known as hydrochar (HC). Up to now criteria for landfill application of SS and HC are based only on physicochemical properties and levels of pollutant residues. Nevertheless, to ensure their safe environmental applications it is mandatory to develop biosensors which can provide relevant information on their toxic potential for natural ecosystems. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the suitability of a contact assay using zebrafish embryo/larvae combined with sub-lethal end-points to evaluate the hazard associated with SS and related HC exposure. A suite of biomarkers was also applied on larvae, related to detoxification and oxidative stress as the activity of Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, glutathione-S-transferase, and catalase, the content of reactive oxygen species and the behavioral assay using the DanioVision™ chamber. Legacy priority pollutants were also measured either in SS and HC tested samples and in contact waters. The exposure to SS caused higher lethality compared to HC. No significant changes in the activity of oxidative stress markers was observed upon exposure to both matrices. The behavioral test showed a hypoactivity condition in larvae exposed to both SS and HC with the effects of SS stronger than HC. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of trace elements and halogenated compounds in either SS, HC. Heavy metals were also released in contact waters, while volatile hydrocarbons (C6-C10) and halogenated compounds resulted below LOD (<0.05 μ L-1). Our study highlights the suitability of zebrafish embryotoxicity test, coupled with behavioral traits, as screening tool for assessing potential risks, associated with the landfill application of both SS and HC, for aquatic wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Liberatori
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Ghilardi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Del Giacco
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Puccini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ferraro
- Laboratori pH - Gruppo TÜV SÜD, Loc. Sambuca Tavarnelle Val Di Pesa, Italy
| | - Sandra Vitolo
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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25
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Liberatori G, Mazzoli C, Ferraro F, Sturba L, Vannuccini ML, Baroni D, Behnisch PA, Puccini M, Vitolo S, Corsi I. Aryl hydrocarbon reporter gene bioassay for screening polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in hydrochar and sewage sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 428:128256. [PMID: 35038666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The suitability of the AhR reporter gene bioassays to screen the presence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in sewage sludge (SL) and related hydrochar (HC) was here investigated. Samples of SL obtained from six WWTPs were processed by hydrothermal carbonization to obtain the resultant HCs and both tested with DR-CALUX® bioassay. Levels of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs were also determined analytically in the same samples by GC-MS/MS. Bioanalytical Toxicity Equivalent values (BEQ) resulted in one order of magnitude higher in HC compared to SL samples and those obtained from the dl-PCBs fraction higher than those from PCDD/Fs. BEQ and TEQWHO values, the latter obtained by GC-MS/MS analysis on the same matrices, were highly correlated showing also a similar trend in the six WWTPs (RS= 0.8252, p < 0.001; Pearson's R RP =0.8029, p < 0.01). The suitability of AhR bioassays and in particular of the DR-CALUX® to screen the presence and biological activity of legacy organohalogen compounds in both SL and HC matrices was demonstrated for the first time which support their usage for the assessment of potential risks associated with their further environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Liberatori
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Carola Mazzoli
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ferraro
- pH TÜV Italia srl, Loc. Sambuca Tavarnelle Val di Pesa, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Sturba
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Vannuccini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Davide Baroni
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Monica Puccini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Vitolo
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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26
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McIntosh S, Padilla RV, Rose T, Rose AL, Boukaka E, Erler D. Crop fertilisation potential of phosphorus in hydrochars produced from sewage sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:153023. [PMID: 35031380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludges are a rich underused source of phosphorus (P) which contributes to environmental degradation, yet if recaptured, could return significant amounts of P to agricultural systems. Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) can efficiently recover P, with the added ability to transform P species into potentially more desirable forms for direct application to crops. P dynamics in hydrochars have primarily examined P speciation and chemical extractability as indicators of P bioavailability, but few studies directly evaluate the agronomic effectiveness of hydrochars as P fertilisers. As such, there is a clear need to assess the suitability of hydrochar as a source of bioavailable P in plant systems and the influence of HTC synthesis conditions. Response Surface Modelling of HTC synthesis conditions (pH, temperature and time), revealed initial pH significantly influence P distribution. Mild conditions of 180 °C for 30 min at pH 8.0 maximised P recovery (99%) along with carbon (62%) and nitrogen (43%) in hydrochars. Systematic characterisation of hydrochar P by chemical extraction and P L2,3-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy revealed H2O, NaHCO3 and NaOH- P fractions were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in all hydrochars, while HCl-P fraction increased with HTC temperatures at pH 7. In contrast, P L2,3-edge XANES spectra were remarkably similar in raw sludges and corresponding hydrochars, regardless of HTC temperature or pH, revealing P was predominantly present as ferric phosphate with some hydroxyapatite. Multiple linear regression modelling suggested a significant relationship between chemical extractability and P bioavailability to wheat present in the raw sludges and hydrochars. This research provides further insight into the potential to use hydrothermal treatment for recovery and agricultural reuse of P, the importance of operational conditions on P transformation and the relationship between P speciation and bioavailability. The value of sewage sludge in a more sustainable global P cycle is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane McIntosh
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Terry Rose
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew L Rose
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Exhaussée Boukaka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Dirk Erler
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
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27
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Padhye LP, Bandala ER, Wijesiri B, Goonetilleke A, Bolan N. Hydrochar: A Promising Step Towards Achieving a Circular Economy and Sustainable Development Goals. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.867228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the environment, and improve the lives and prospects of everyone on this planet. However, progress on SDGs is currently lagging behind its 2030 target. The availability of water of adequate quality and quantity is considered as one of the most significant challenges in reaching that target. The concept of the ‘Circular Economy’ has been termed as a potential solution to fasten the rate of progress in achieving SDGs. One of the promising engineering solutions with applications in water treatment and promoting the concept of the circular economy is hydrochar. Compared to biochar, hydrochar research is still in its infancy in terms of optimization of production processes, custom design for specific applications, and knowledge of its water treatment potential. In this context, this paper critically reviews the role of hydrochar in contributing to achieving the SDGs and promoting a circular economy through water treatment and incorporating a waste-to-value approach. Additionally, key knowledge gaps in the production and utilization of engineered hydrochar are identified, and possible strategies are suggested to further enhance its water remediation potential and circular economy in the context of better natural resource management using hydrochar. Research on converting different waste biomass to valuable hydrochar based products need further development and optimization of parameters to fulfil its potential. Critical knowledge gaps also exist in the area of utilizing hydrochar for large-scale drinking water treatment to address SDG-6.
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28
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Huang Y, Shen D, Wang Z. Preparation of Citric Acid-Sewage Sludge Hydrochar and Its Adsorption Performance for Pb(II) in Aqueous Solution. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050968. [PMID: 35267790 PMCID: PMC8912399 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to seek the value-added utilization method of sewage sludge and develop low-cost and high-efficient adsorbents, a hydrochar was prepared by the co-hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge and citric acid and then characterized. The differences in Pb(II) adsorption performance between the citric acid–sewage sludge hydrochars (AHC) and the hydrochar prepared solely from sewage sludge (SSHC) were also investigated. When citric acid dose ratio (mass ratio of citric acid to dry sewage sludge) is 0.1, the obtained hydrohcar (AHC0.1) has the highest specific surface area (59.95 m2·g−1), the most abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, the lowest pHpzc (5.43), and the highest equilibrium adsorption capacity for Pb(II). The maximum adsorption capacity of AHC0.1 for Pb(II) is 60.88 mg·g−1 (298 K), which is approximately 1.3 times that of SSHC. The potential mechanisms can be electrostatic attraction, co-precipitation, complexation, and cation-π interaction. It was demonstrated that by incorporating citric acid into the hydrothermal carbonization, resource utilization of sewage sludge can be accomplished effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangpeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
| | - Dekui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhanghong Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (Z.W.)
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29
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Tong S, Chen D, Mao P, Jiang X, Sun A, Xu Z, Liu X, Shen J. Synthesis of magnetic hydrochar from Fenton sludge and sewage sludge for enhanced anaerobic decolorization of azo dye AO7. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127622. [PMID: 34749999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel magnetic hydrochar synthesized from Fenton sludge (FS) and sewage sludge (SS) was employed in the anaerobic decolorization of acid orange 7 (AO7). The stable presence of Fe3O4 in magnetic hydrochar was confirmed by physicochemical characterization. The degradation efficiency of AO7 in the anaerobic system with the addition of hydrochar prepared in an optimal proportion (SS:FS=1:3, named as HC-1:3) could reach 98.55%, which was 1.91 times higher than the control system. Particularly, superior electrical conductivity, electron transport system activity and azo reductase activity of the sludge in anaerobic system with HC-1:3 were achieved. The redox of Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ) in anaerobic system was realized by dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria enriched with HC-1:3. According to the six-cycle batch experiments and 120-day continuous-flow UASB experiments, the addition of HC-1:3 into the anaerobic system facilitated the diversity of microbiological community and increased the ecological stability of anaerobic system. The possible electron transfer mechanism involving in the magnetic hydrochar-based anaerobic system for AO7 removal was speculated preliminarily. The as-prepared magnetic hydrochar not only showed a promising future in anaerobic system for recalcitrant contaminants degradation, but also provided a new approach for the resource utilization of FS and SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Tong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Chemical Pollution Control Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Chemical Pollution Control Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Ping Mao
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaiyin 223001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinbai Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Chemical Pollution Control Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Aiwu Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Chemical Pollution Control Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaiyin 223001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Chemical Pollution Control Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Chemical Pollution Control Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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30
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Kinetic and isotherm insights of Diclofenac removal by sludge derived hydrochar. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2184. [PMID: 35140262 PMCID: PMC8828768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, hydrothermal carbonization emerges as the most viable option for the management of solid waste with high moisture content. Sludge derived hydrochar is used as an adsorbent for emerging contaminants or micro-pollutants in the domain of sustainability. Current study demonstrates the KOH activation of hydrochar produced from paper board mill sludge and evaluates its removal potential of a Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Diclofenac from aqueous solution. The activated hydrochars exhibited porous, spherical micro-structures with higher fraction of oxygenated functional groups paving way for the efficient adsorption of Diclofenac. The effect of initial Diclofenac concentration and contact time was ascertained using adsorption kinetics and isotherms. The adsorption kinetics exhibited second-order reaction for all adsorbents indicating higher coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.9). The Diclofenac adsorption on hydrochars followed Langmuir isotherm model with the post-activated hydrochar recording a highest adsorption capacity of 37.23 mg g−1 in 40 mg L−1 initial Diclofenac concentration at 15 h equilibrium time.
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31
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Cheng Y, Asaoka Y, Hachiya Y, Moriuchi N, Shiota K, Oshita K, Takaoka M. Mercury emission profile for the torrefaction of sewage sludge at a full-scale plant and application of polymer sorbent. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127186. [PMID: 34844339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated mercury (Hg) behavior in a full-scale sewage sludge torrefaction plant with a capacity of 150 wet tons/day, which operates under a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature range of 250-350 °C. Thermodynamic calculations and monitoring results show that elemental Hg (Hg0) was the dominant species in both the pyrolysis gas during the torrefaction stage and in the flue gas from downstream air pollution control devices. A wet scrubber (WS) effectively removed oxidized Hg from the flue gas and moved Hg to wastewater, and an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) removed significant particulate-bound Hg but showed a limited capacity for overall Hg removal. Hg bound to total suspended solids had a much higher concentration than that of dissolved Hg in wastewater. Total suspended solid removal from wastewater is therefore recommended to reduce Hg discharge. Existing air pollution control devices, which consist of a cyclone, WS, and ESP, are not sufficient for Hg removal due to the poor Hg0 removal performance of the WS and ESP; a further Hg0 removal unit is necessary. A commercial packed tower with sorbent polymer catalyst composite material was effective in removing Hg (83.3%) during sludge torrefaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Cheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ce School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan; Global Resource Sustainability Research Section, Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yuki Asaoka
- Tsukishima Kikai Co., Ltd. Solution, Technology Department, 3-5-1, Harumi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0053, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hachiya
- Tsukishima Kikai Co., Ltd. Solution, Technology Department, 3-5-1, Harumi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0053, Japan
| | - Naoki Moriuchi
- W. L. Gore & Associates, G.K.-14 F, W Building, 1-8-15 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan
| | - Kenji Shiota
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ce School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Oshita
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ce School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Masaki Takaoka
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ce School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
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Yang L, Jin J, Wang Y, An W, Zhao Y, Cui C, Han L, Wang X. The removal of uranium (VI) from aqueous solution by the anaerobically digested sewage sludge with hydrothermal pretreatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132644. [PMID: 34688715 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) with hydrothermal (HT) pretreatment (sequential HT-AD treatment) is a novel technology for sludge management. HT-AD sludge is rich in functional groups and its applications as pollutant sorbents might be a win-win strategy. This study investigated the removal of uranium (VI) from water using HT-AD sludge as affected by solution pH, temperature, and ion strength. The reusability and heavy metal risk of HT-AD sludge were also assessed. The batch sorption experiments demonstrated that even at an acidic initial pH of 3.2, the maximum adsorption of HT-AD sludge for uranium (VI) reached 117.13 mg/g, higher than that of most carbon-based materials. The inner-sphere and out-sphere complexation between uranium (VI) and the HT-AD sludge dominated the adsorption when pH was in the range of 2-6 and 6-11, respectively. The FTIR and XPS analysis indicated that the primary mechanisms of uranium (VI) adsorption by the HT-AD sludge were the surface complexation and the electric attraction between uranium (VI) and the functional groups (e.g. -COO-) on HT-AD sludge. The removal rate of uranium (VI) by HT-AD sludge only decreased by ∼7% after 3 consecutive adsorption cycles. Leaching experiment showed that less than 5% of the total heavy metal were released from HT-AD sludge. Our research proved that HT-AD sludge can be used as an efficient uranium (VI) adsorbent with good reusability and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jie Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yichu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Weiqi An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yunao Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chao Cui
- Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Lanfang Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
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Recent Advances in Biomass Pretreatment Technologies for Biohydrogen Production. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15030999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen is an economical source of clean energy that has been utilized by industry for decades. In recent years, demand for hydrogen has risen significantly. Hydrogen sources include water electrolysis, hydrocarbon steam reforming, and fossil fuels, which emit hazardous greenhouse gases and therefore have a negative impact on global warming. The increasing worldwide population has created much pressure on natural fuels, with a growing gap between demand for renewable energy and its insufficient supply. As a result, the environment has suffered from alarming increases in pollution levels. Biohydrogen is a sustainable energy form and a preferable substitute for fossil fuel. Anaerobic fermentation, photo fermentation, microbial and enzymatic photolysis or combinations of such techniques are new approaches for producing biohydrogen. For cost-effective biohydrogen production, the substrate should be cheap and renewable. Substrates including algal biomass, agriculture residue, and wastewaters are readily available. Moreover, substrates rich in starch and cellulose such as plant stalks or agricultural waste, or food industry waste such as cheese whey are reported to support dark- and photo-fermentation. However, their direct utilization as a substrate is not recommended due to their complex nature. Therefore, they must be pretreated before use to release fermentable sugars. Various pretreatment technologies have been established and are still being developed. This article focuses on pretreatment techniques for biohydrogen production and discusses their efficiency and suitability, including hybrid-treatment technology.
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Wang YJ, Yu Y, Huang HJ, Yu CL, Fang HS, Zhou CH, Yin X, Chen WH, Guo XC. Efficient conversion of sewage sludge into hydrochar by microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:149874. [PMID: 34492491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of sewage sludge (SS) is an environmental problem worldwide. In recent years, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of SS for hydrochar (HC) has attracted extensive attention. This study preliminarily explored the microwave-assisted HTC of SS for the first time. Increasing the reaction temperature (150-250 °C) and reaction time (0-120 min) resulted in a decrease in the HC yield, and it gradually increased with the rising solid-liquid ratio (0.03-0.25 g/mL). Compared with raw SS, the HC products possessed higher aromaticity, carbonization degree, porosity, and polarity, and lower content of soluble nutrients (N/P/K) and leachable heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni), indicating a lower risk of nutrient and heavy metal loss. Attention should be paid to the total contents of Zn and Cd in HC exceeded the permitted value for use in cultivated land with edible crops. The use of CaO as a catalyst improved the yield of HC, made the HC and process water (PW) weakly alkaline, and further passivated the heavy metals in the HC. In the case of H3PO4, although the conversion of SS was enhanced (lower content of volatile organic matter in HC), the contents of soluble nutrients (N/P/K) in HC/PW increased, and the migration of Zn and Cd into process water was enhanced. The HCs obtained in this study had poor combustion properties, but higher ignition temperatures than raw SS. PW must be properly treated or recycled because it still contained high contents of organic matter and nutrients. This fundamental study provides basic insights into the microwave-assisted HTC of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Wang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Hua-Jun Huang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
| | - Cheng-Long Yu
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Han-Sun Fang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Chun-Huo Zhou
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Xin Yin
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Xin-Chun Guo
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
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A Sustainable Approach on Spruce Bark Waste Valorization through Hydrothermal Conversion. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of sustainable use of resources, hydrothermal conversion of biomass has received increased consideration. As well, the hydrochar (the solid C-rich phase that occurs after the process) has caused great interest. In this work, spruce bark (Picea abies) wastes were considered as feedstock and the influence of hydrothermal process parameters (temperature, reaction time, and biomass to water ratio) on the conversion degree has been studied. Using the response surface methodology and MiniTab software, the process parameters were set up and showed that temperature was the significant factor influencing the conversion, while residence time and the solid-to-liquid ratio had a low influence. Furthermore, the chemical (proximate and ultimate analysis), structural (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy) and thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis) of feedstock and hydrochar were analyzed. Hydrochar obtained at 280 °C, 1 h processing time, and 1/5 solid-to-liquid ratio presented a hydrophobic character, numerous functional groups, a lower O and H content, and an improved C matter, as well as a good thermal stability. Alongside the structural features, these characteristics endorsed this waste-based product for applications other than those already known as a heat source.
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36
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Xiao Y, Raheem A, Ding L, Chen WH, Chen X, Wang F, Lin SL. Pretreatment, modification and applications of sewage sludge-derived biochar for resource recovery- A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131969. [PMID: 34450364 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the quick increase in industrialization and urbanization, a mass of sludge has been produced on the account of increased wastewater treatment facilities. Sewage sludge (SS) management has become one of the most crucial environmental problems because of the existence of various pollutants. However, SS is a carbon-rich material, which has favored novel technologies for biochar production, which can be utilized for dissimilar applications. This review systematically analyzes and summarizes the pretreatment, modification, and especially application of sewage sludge-derived biochar (SSBC), based on published literature. The comparative assessment of pretreatment technology such as pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, combustion, deashing, and co-feeding is presented to appraise their appropriateness for SS resource availability and the production of SSBC. In addition, the authors summarize and analyze the current modification methods and divide them into two categories: physical properties and surface chemical modifications. The applications of SSBC as absorbent, catalyst and catalyst support, electrode materials, gas storage, soil amendment, and sold biofuel are reviewed in detail. Furthermore, the discussion about the existing problems and the direction of future efforts are presented at the end of each section to envisage SS as a promising opportunity for resources rather than a nuisance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Institute of Clean Coal Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of CWS Gasification and Coal Chemical Industry (Shanghai), PR China
| | - Abdul Raheem
- Institute of Clean Coal Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of CWS Gasification and Coal Chemical Industry (Shanghai), PR China
| | - Lu Ding
- Institute of Clean Coal Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of CWS Gasification and Coal Chemical Industry (Shanghai), PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, 411, Taiwan.
| | - Xueli Chen
- Institute of Clean Coal Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of CWS Gasification and Coal Chemical Industry (Shanghai), PR China
| | - Fuchen Wang
- Institute of Clean Coal Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of CWS Gasification and Coal Chemical Industry (Shanghai), PR China
| | - Sheng-Lun Lin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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Scapini T, Dos Santos MSN, Bonatto C, Wancura JHC, Mulinari J, Camargo AF, Klanovicz N, Zabot GL, Tres MV, Fongaro G, Treichel H. Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for hemicellulose recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126033. [PMID: 34592451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The hemicellulosic fraction recovery is of interest for integrated processes in biorefineries, considering the possibility of high economic value products produced from their structural compounds of this polysaccharide. However, to perform an efficient recovery, it is necessary to use biomass fractionation techniques, and hydrothermal pretreatment is highlighted as a valuable technique in the hemicellulose recovery by applying high temperatures and pressure, causing dissolution of the structure. Considering the possibility of this pretreatment technique for current approaches to hemicellulose recovery, this article aimed to explore the relevance of hydrothermal pretreatment techniques (sub and supercritical water) as a strategy for recovering the hemicellulosic fraction from lignocellulosic biomass. Discussions about potential products to be generated, current market profile, and perspectives and challenges of applying the technique are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamarys Scapini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess (LAMIBI), Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; Department of Biological Science, Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Bioscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maicon S N Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, Cachoeira do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Charline Bonatto
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess (LAMIBI), Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Mulinari
- Laboratory of Membrane Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline F Camargo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess (LAMIBI), Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; Department of Biological Science, Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Bioscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Natalia Klanovicz
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess (LAMIBI), Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovani L Zabot
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, Cachoeira do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Tres
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, Cachoeira do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Bioscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Helen Treichel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess (LAMIBI), Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, Brazil; Department of Biological Science, Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Bioscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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38
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Wang F, Yin Z, Liu Y, Sun H, Zhu H, Chen H, Zhang K. Changes and release risk of typical pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sewage sludge during hydrothermal carbonization process. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131313. [PMID: 34182285 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrochars were obtained by hydrothermal carbonization treatment of municipal sewage sludge. Effects of reaction temperature (180-300 °C) and reaction time (2-15 h) on structural characteristics of the hydrochars, and changes and release risk of typical pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the hydrochars were investigated. Reaction temperature played a more important role than reaction time on hydrochar properties and decarboxylation reaction was the primary process during the converting of sludge to hydrochars. The sludge hydrochars had higher yields, carbon recovery rates, polarity and less aromaticity than biochars. Hydrothermal process reduced PPCPs' load in sludge hydrochars effectively except caffeine and acetaminophen. The hydrochars prepared at intermediate and high temperatures (240 and 300 °C) had higher caffeine concentrations than the original sludge, which can be ascribed to the transformation of N-containing precursors. The highest CaCl2 extracted caffeine concentration occurred at intermediate temperature of 240 °C (48.1 μg/kg) due to the stronger affinity of caffeine in the high-temperature hydrochars. Caffeine was not detected in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) extract. Hydrochars prepared at low temperature (180 °C) had a higher acetaminophen concentration than the original sludge, which was attributed to the high thermal stability temperature of acetaminophen. Low- and intermediate-temperature hydrochars had higher CaCl2 extracted acetaminophen concentrations. The HPCD extracted acetaminophen was low with a range of nd to 6.72 μg/kg. In conclusion, PPCPs are less likely to constitute a limiting factor on the farm application of sludge hydrochar. This study provides theoretical support for the safe application of sludge hydrochar in the farmland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zheyun Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yarui Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 00350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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Patiño AAB, Lassalle VL, Horst MF. Magnetic hydrochar nanocomposite obtained from sunflower husk: A potential material for environmental remediation. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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40
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Industrial-Scale Hydrothermal Carbonization of Agro-Industrial Digested Sludge: Filterability Enhancement and Phosphorus Recovery. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13169343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) provides an attractive alternative method for the treatment of high-moisture waste and, in particular, digested sludge. HTC could reduce the costs and environmental risks associated with sludge handling and management. Although it is recognized that the dewaterability of hydrochars produced from digested sludge, even at mild temperatures (180–190 °C), is highly improved with respect to the starting material, the filterability of HTC slurries for the recovery of the solid material (hydrochar) still represents a challenge. This study presents the results of an investigation into the filterability of agro-industrial digested sludge HTC slurries produced by a C-700 CarboremTM HTC industrial-scale plant. The filterability of HTC slurries, produced at 190 °C for 1 h, with the use of acid solutions of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or citric acids, was investigated by using a semi-industrial filter press. The use of sulfuric acid or citric acid solutions, in particular, significantly improved the filterability of HTC slurries, reducing the time of filtration and residual moisture content. The acid treatment also promoted the migration of heavy metals and phosphorus (P) in the HTC filtrate solution. This study demonstrates that P can be recovered via the precipitation of struvite in high yields, recovering up to 85 wt% by mass of its initial P content.
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41
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Liu H, Basar IA, Nzihou A, Eskicioglu C. Hydrochar derived from municipal sludge through hydrothermal processing: A critical review on its formation, characterization, and valorization. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 199:117186. [PMID: 34010736 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Additional options for the sustainable treatment of municipal sludge are required due to the significant amounts of sludge, high levels of nutrients (e.g., C, N, and P), and trace constituents it contains. Hydrothermal processing of municipal sludge has recently been recognized as a promising technology to efficiently reduce waste volume, recover bioenergy, destroy organic contaminants, and eliminate pathogens. However, a considerable amount of solid residue, called hydrochar, could remain after hydrothermal treatment. This hydrochar can contain abundant amounts of energy (with a higher heating value up to 24 MJ/kg, dry basis), nutrients, and trace elements, as well as surface functional groups. The valorization of sludge-derived hydrochar can facilitate the development and application of hydrothermal technologies. This review summarizes the formation pathways from municipal sludge to hydrochar, specifically, the impact of hydrothermal conditions on reaction mechanisms and product distribution. Moreover, this study comprehensively encapsulates the described characteristics of hydrochar produced under a wide range of conditions: Yield, energy density, physicochemical properties, elemental distribution, contaminants of concern, surface functionality, and morphology. More importantly, this review compares and evaluates the current state of applications of hydrochar: Energy production, agricultural application, adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis, and nutrient recovery. Ultimately, along with the identified challenges and prospects of valorization approaches for sludge-derived hydrochar, conceptual designs of sustainable municipal sludge management are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- UBC Bioreactor Technology Group, School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1137 Alumni Avenue, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Ibrahim Alper Basar
- UBC Bioreactor Technology Group, School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1137 Alumni Avenue, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Ange Nzihou
- Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, RAPSODEE CNRS UMR-5302, Campus Jarlard, Albi, 81013 Cedex 09, France.
| | - Cigdem Eskicioglu
- UBC Bioreactor Technology Group, School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1137 Alumni Avenue, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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42
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Fang C, Xu D, Zheng X. Interactions of the Main Components in Paper‐Plastic‐Aluminum Complex Packaging Wastes during the Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Wang
- Xi'an University of Technology Faculty of Printing Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology 710048 Xi'an China
| | - Ying Wang
- Xi'an University of Technology Faculty of Printing Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology 710048 Xi'an China
| | - Yitong Zhu
- Xi'an University of Technology Faculty of Printing Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology 710048 Xi'an China
| | - Changqing Fang
- Xi'an University of Technology Faculty of Printing Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology 710048 Xi'an China
| | - Donghai Xu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE 710049 Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Xi'an University of Technology State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area 710048 Xi'an China
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43
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Belete YZ, Ziemann E, Gross A, Bernstein R. Facile activation of sludge-based hydrochar by Fenton oxidation for ammonium adsorption in aqueous media. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:128526. [PMID: 33070979 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lately, there has been a growing interest in converting low-cost biomass residuals, including wastewater sludge, into char-like materials for various applications. In this research, ammonium (NH4+) adsorption and desorption potential of hydrochar activated via Fenton oxidation were systematically investigated. Hydrochar was prepared from domestic wastewater treatment plant sludge and activated by Fenton oxidation using different H2O2 concentrations, H2O2/Fe2+ ratios, and activation times. The activated hydrochars (AHs) were characterized by ATR-FTIR, high-resolution XPS, BET specific surface area, and SEM, and their NH4+ adsorption capacity was analyzed. The NH4+ adsorption isotherms and kinetics, adsorption in the presence of competing ions (with and without humic acid), and NH4+ desorption were investigated. The results show that following hydrochar activation, the acidic groups' concentration and the BET surface area increased, but the morphology remained essentially unchanged. It was also found that the activation occurs within a few minutes when using a relatively low concentration of reagents, and without extensive post-treatment steps. The NH4+ adsorption onto AH at equilibrium fitted the Langmuir isotherm model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 30.77 mg g-1, and the NH4+ adsorption kinetics fitted the pseudo-second-order model. NH4+ adsorption in the presence of competing ions decreased by up to 33 ± 3%. NH4+ desorption experiments demonstrated that NH4+ recovery can reach 33 ± 5% with ultrapure water and 67 ± 2% with 2 M KCl. The results of this study indicate that Fenton oxidation is a promising alternative for hydrochar activation, and can be used as an adsorbent for NH4+ remediation in wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Zeslase Belete
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker, 8499000, Israel
| | - Eric Ziemann
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker, 8499000, Israel
| | - Amit Gross
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker, 8499000, Israel.
| | - Roy Bernstein
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker, 8499000, Israel.
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Liu T, Tian L, Liu Z, He J, Fu H, Huang Q, Xue H, Huang Z. Distribution and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during CaO-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 120:616-625. [PMID: 33218926 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge (SS) with and without calcium oxide (CaO) introduction was conducted at 160-240 °C, and the yield and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were evaluated for the first time. PAHs (2972.99 μg/kg) and toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) (373.09 μg/kg) yields in SS decreased by 13.61% and 14.65%, respectively, after treatment at 160 °C and substantially increased as temperatures increased. More PAHs were distributed in the hydrochar than in the aqueous products. Hydrochar yields decreased linearly with temperature, thus increasing PAH concentration in hydrochar; 6221.98 μg/kg of PAHs in hydrocar at 240 °C exceeded agricultural use standard limits. PAH and TEQ yields at 200 °C decreased by 5.55-15.98% and 2.88-3.54%, respectively, when 3-9% CaO was added, which could be ascribed to CaO inhibition in the free radical reaction for PAH generation. Additionally, 6% CaO addition substantially weakened the acceleration effect of high temperatures on PAH formation; the decrease of PAH yield at 240 °C was 22.14%, which is higher than that at other temperatures. Consequently, the PAH concentration in hydrochar declined by 2.33-22.37%. PAH content in hydrochar obtained from CaO-assisted HTC of SS fell within agriculture use standard limit and exhibits potential for use as a soil conditioner. However, condition with a CaO amount of 15% would significantly increase TEQ yields. Considering both PAH and TEQ yields and the ecological risks of PAHs in hydrochar derived from HTC of SS, the appropriate reaction conditions were found to be 200 °C with 3-6% added CaO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technology Institution Physical and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhengang Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jie He
- Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haihui Fu
- Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qifei Huang
- Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Honghai Xue
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zechun Huang
- Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Delgado-Moreno L, Bazhari S, Gasco G, Méndez A, El Azzouzi M, Romero E. New insights into the efficient removal of emerging contaminants by biochars and hydrochars derived from olive oil wastes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141838. [PMID: 32889274 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The removal of emerging contaminants (ECs) for water source reclamation, minimizing energy and chemical use, is an environmental concern worldwide. In this study, we used the technologically cleaner pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) processes to convert olive oil production wastes into chars in order to simultaneously remove triclosan (TCS), ibuprofen (IBP) and diclofenac (DCF) from water. The chars prepared from olive stone (S), olive tree pruning (P) and pitted and reprocessed wet olive mill waste (H), as well as commercial biochars and a commercial active carbon (CAC), were characterized using different techniques and assayed as adsorbents. Pyrolysis temperatures had only a slight effect on the adsorption capacity of chars. The pseudo second-order reaction kinetic and the Freundlich equation provided the best fit for experimental data. The pH values of char suspensions were negatively correlated with their maximum adsorption capacities. The hydrochars synthetized at the lowest temperatures (≤ 240 °C), which had an acidic pH and were rich in oxygenated functional groups, recorded the highest adsorption rates (64% for DCF, 43% for IBP) and especially for TCS, with a rate of 98%, despite of a low surface area of 7.5 m2/ g. This study demonstrates for the first time that unmodified hydrochars from pitted and reprocessed wet olive mill waste are inexpensive, sustainable and environmentally friendly adsorbents which can be used to remove ECs and other similar compounds in water treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Delgado-Moreno
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain.
| | - Saida Bazhari
- Physical Chemistry of Materials and Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Gabriel Gasco
- Department of Agriculture, ETSI Agronomists, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Méndez
- Department of Geological Engineering and Mining, ETSI Mines and Energy, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mohammed El Azzouzi
- Physical Chemistry of Materials and Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Esperanza Romero
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidin (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain.
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Tasca AL, Mannarino G, Gori R, Vitolo S, Puccini M. Phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge hydrochar: process optimization by response surface methodology. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:2331-2343. [PMID: 33339788 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization can play an innovative role in sewage sludge (SS) treatment and valorization, as well as in phosphorus recovery. In this study, leaching tests using nitric acid were performed on hydrochar from SS and the influence of pH (1-3.5), leaching time (30-240 min), and solid/liquid (S/L) ratio (5-20 wt%) was analyzed and optimized according to the Design of Experiments method, under the Response Surface Methodology approach. The highest phosphorus extraction yield (59.57%) was achieved at the lowest pH and the lowest S/L ratio, while an increase in temperature from 20 to 60 °C negatively affected the phosphorus recovery. Quadratic models, with the addition of semi-cubic terms, were found to best represent both phosphorus yield and ash content of the hydrochar after leaching. As observed by 3-dimensional surface responses, phosphorus yield increases as the pH decreases. The pH is the factor that most influences this response, while time has little influence. At pH 1, the yield increases as the S/L ratio decreases, while the S/L ratio only slightly affects the response at pH 3.5. At an S/L ratio of 12.5%, multi-objective optimization indicates that pH 1 and a leaching time of 135 min are the parameters that allow both maximum phosphorus yield and minimum ash content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luca Tasca
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56122 Pisa, Italy E-mail:
| | - Gemma Mannarino
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, via S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gori
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, via S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Vitolo
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56122 Pisa, Italy E-mail:
| | - Monica Puccini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56122 Pisa, Italy E-mail:
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Tasca AL, Clematis D, Panizza M, Vitolo S, Puccini M. Chlorpyrifos removal: Nb/boron-doped diamond anode coupled with solid polymer electrolyte and ultrasound irradiation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:1391-1399. [PMID: 33312650 PMCID: PMC7721771 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphorus insecticide, acaricide and miticide used worldwide for the control of soil-borne insect pests. It must be considered as a substance of growing concern, given its use, toxicity, environmental occurrence, and potential for regional to long-range atmospheric transport. Considering the incomplete removal attained by conventional water treatment processes, we investigated the efficiency of electrolytic radicals production and sonoelectrolysis on the degradation of the pesticide. The treatment has been conducted in a novel electrochemical reactor, equipped with a boron-doped diamond anode and a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). Different current intensity and times have been tested and coupled with sonication at 40 kHz. Up to 69% of chlorpyrifos was completely removed in 10 min by electrolysis operated at 0.1 mA, while 12.5% and 5.4% was converted into the treatment intermediates 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) and diethyl (3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl) phosphate, respectively. Ultrasound irradiation did not enhance the removal efficiency, likely due to mass transport limitations, while the energy consumption increased from 8.68∙10- 6 to 9.34∙10- 4 kWh µg- 1 removed. Further research is encouraged, given the promising processing by the SPE technology of low conductivity solutions, as pharmaceuticals streams, as well as the potential for water and in-situ groundwater remediation from different emerging pollutants as phytosanitary and personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luca Tasca
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, Pisa, 56122 Italy
| | - Davide Clematis
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, Genoa, 16145 Italy
| | - Marco Panizza
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, Genoa, 16145 Italy
| | - Sandra Vitolo
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, Pisa, 56122 Italy
| | - Monica Puccini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, Pisa, 56122 Italy
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Tasca AL, Stefanelli E, Raspolli Galletti AM, Gori R, Mannarino G, Vitolo S, Puccini M. Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Sludge: Analysis of Process Severity and Solid Content. Chem Eng Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luca Tasca
- University of Pisa Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering Largo Lucio Lazzarino 56122 Pisa Italy
- Italian Consortium on Material Science and Technology (INSTM) via G. Giusti, 9 50121 Florence Italy
| | - Eleonora Stefanelli
- University of Pisa Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering Largo Lucio Lazzarino 56122 Pisa Italy
- Italian Consortium on Material Science and Technology (INSTM) via G. Giusti, 9 50121 Florence Italy
| | - Anna Maria Raspolli Galletti
- University of Pisa Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry via G. Moruzzi, 13 56124 Pisa Italy
- Italian Consortium on Material Science and Technology (INSTM) via G. Giusti, 9 50121 Florence Italy
| | - Riccardo Gori
- University of Florence Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering via S. Marta 3 50139 Florence Italy
- Italian Consortium on Material Science and Technology (INSTM) via G. Giusti, 9 50121 Florence Italy
| | - Gemma Mannarino
- University of Florence Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering via S. Marta 3 50139 Florence Italy
- Italian Consortium on Material Science and Technology (INSTM) via G. Giusti, 9 50121 Florence Italy
| | - Sandra Vitolo
- University of Pisa Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering Largo Lucio Lazzarino 56122 Pisa Italy
- Italian Consortium on Material Science and Technology (INSTM) via G. Giusti, 9 50121 Florence Italy
| | - Monica Puccini
- University of Pisa Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering Largo Lucio Lazzarino 56122 Pisa Italy
- Italian Consortium on Material Science and Technology (INSTM) via G. Giusti, 9 50121 Florence Italy
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Hydrochars as Emerging Biofuels: Recent Advances and Application of Artificial Neural Networks for the Prediction of Heating Values. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13174572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the growing scientific field of alternative biofuels was examined, with respect to hydrochars produced from renewable biomasses. Hydrochars are the solid products of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and their properties depend on the initial biomass and the temperature and duration of treatment. The basic (Scopus) and advanced (Citespace) analysis of literature showed that this is a dynamic research area, with several sub-fields of intense activity. The focus of researchers on sewage sludge and food waste as hydrochar precursors was highlighted and reviewed. It was established that hydrochars have improved behavior as fuels compared to these feedstocks. Food waste can be particularly useful in co-hydrothermal carbonization with ash-rich materials. In the case of sewage sludge, simultaneous P recovery from the HTC wastewater may add more value to the process. For both feedstocks, results from large-scale HTC are practically non-existent. Following the review, related data from the years 2014–2020 were retrieved and fitted into four different artificial neural networks (ANNs). Based on the elemental content, HTC temperature and time (as inputs), the higher heating values (HHVs) and yields (as outputs) could be successfully predicted, regardless of original biomass used for hydrochar production. ANN3 (based on C, O, H content, and HTC temperature) showed the optimum HHV predicting performance (R2 0.917, root mean square error 1.124), however, hydrochars’ HHVs could also be satisfactorily predicted by the C content alone (ANN1, R2 0.897, root mean square error 1.289).
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50
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Kumar A, Saini K, Bhaskar T. Hydochar and biochar: Production, physicochemical properties and techno-economic analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123442. [PMID: 32362429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of natural, abundant, and renewable resources for the production of carbon materials with simple and energy-efficient processes is an upsurge interest. The production processes and resultant biochar can address widespread concerns such as climate change, energy crisis, and environmental pollution. The properties of produced chars (biochar/hydrochar) depend on the production methods, feedstock, and operating parameters, which significantly affect their use for various applications. In this review, production, physiochemical properties, and techno-economic analysis of chars are summarized. This review provides the fundamentals and reaction mechanism of char production methodologies. Physicochemical properties based on chemical composition, functional groups, structure, porosity, and shapes have been compared. The effects of operating parameters on the physicochemical properties of chars are discussed. In addition, this review offers insights on new directions for char production and research in the future, based on the updated and detailed investigation of energy balance with economy of char production methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005 Uttarakhand, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Komal Saini
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005 Uttarakhand, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005 Uttarakhand, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005 Uttarakhand, India.
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