1
|
Ahmed T, Ahsan A, Khan MHRB, Nahian TK, Antar RH, Hasan A, Karim MR, Shafiquzzaman M, Imteaz M. Comprehensive study on the selection and performance of the best electrode pair for electrocoagulation of textile wastewater using multi-criteria decision-making methods (TOPSIS, VIKOR and PROMETHEE II). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 363:121337. [PMID: 38850903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The accelerating environmental impact of the textile industry, especially in water management, requires efficient wastewater treatment strategies. This study examines the effectiveness of various electrode pairs in the Electrocoagulation (EC) process for treating textile wastewater, focusing on removing of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Organic Carbon (TOC). A comprehensive analysis was conducted using thirty-six electrode pair combinations, consisting of six materials: Aluminium (Al), Zinc (Zn), Carbon (C), Copper (Cu), Mild Steel (MS), and Stainless Steel (SS). The results demonstrated that different electrode pairs yielded varying removal efficiencies for various pollutants, with the highest efficiencies being 92.09% for COD (Al-C pair), 99.66% for TSS (Al-Cu pair), 99.17% for turbidity (Al-MS pair), and 70.99% for TOC (SS-SS pair). However, no single electrode pair excelled in removing all pollutant categories. To address this, three Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods such as TOPSIS, VIKOR, and PROMETHEE II were used to assess the most effective electrode pair. The results indicated that the Al-Zn combination was the most efficient, exhibiting high removal efficiencies for various pollutants (99.32% for TSS, 98.88% for turbidity, 68.62% for COD, and 57.96% for TOC). This study demonstrates that the EC process can effectively treat textile effluent and emphasizes the importance of selecting suitable electrode materials. Furthermore, pollutant removal was optimal with the Al-Zn electrode pair, offering a balanced and efficient approach to textile wastewater treatment. Thus, MCDM methods offer a robust framework for assessing and optimizing electrode selection, providing valuable insights for sustainable environmental management practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahmeed Ahmed
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Amimul Ahsan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh; Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - Tamzid Kamal Nahian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Rafiul Hasan Antar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Alvy Hasan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Karim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shafiquzzaman
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monzur Imteaz
- Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Halkijevic I, Licht K, Kosar V, Bogdan L. Degradation of the neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid by electrocoagulation and ultrasound. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8836. [PMID: 38632355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Imidacloprid is still a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide that is banned in many countries because of the associated environmental risks. Due to the inefficiency of conventional wastewater treatments for pesticide removal, new treatment methods are being investigated. Electrochemical methods, including electrocoagulation (EC), seem to be promising alternatives considering their effectiveness in removing various pollutants from wastewater. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of electrode material, current density, ultrasound, and operation time on the efficiency of imidacloprid removal from a model solution by EC. The combination of aluminum electrodes and 20 A of applied current for 20 min resulted in total imidacloprid degradation. A simplified energy balance was introduced as a form of process evaluation. Combining ultrasound with EC resulted in 7% to 12% greater efficacy than using only EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Halkijevic
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, Kaciceva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Licht
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, Kaciceva 6, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vanja Kosar
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Savska 16, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Bogdan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Savska 16, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song W, Li B, Zhuang Z, Du X, Lin D, Zhou Y, Wang Z. Enhanced electrooxidation/electrocoagulation-ultrafiltration membrane process with S 2O 42- for saline algae-containing surface water treatment: Purification and membrane performance. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123423. [PMID: 38307242 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The surface water in coastal areas involving algae, is often affected by saline and emerging contaminants caused by saltwater intrusion, and expanding aquaculture industry. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct studies to address the issues that affect ecological safety and health of aquatic environments. This study presents the development of an enhanced electrooxidation/electrocoagulation-ultrafiltration (EO/EC-UF) membrane process using S2O42- (DTN@EO/EC-UF) for the treatment of saline water containing algae. Our results have shown that significant removal of NH3-N (95.1 %), UV254 (89.4 %) and algae (75.7 %) was achieved with the addition of S2O42- (DTN). Additionally, an optimal DTN dosage of 40 mg/L was used in the DTN@EO/EC process to enhance water purification, utilizing reactive species such as SO4·- and ·OH. After coupling with the ultrafiltration (UF) process, optimal operating conditions (DTN: 40 mg/L, current density: 4.65 mA/cm2, electrolysis: 60 s) were applied to treat the saline algae-containing surface water. The generated free chlorine, including NHCl2, accounted for approximately 22 % (0.14 mg/L). In addition, DTN significantly improved the ceramic membrane's permeability and anti-fouling characteristics, with a maximum increasing specific flux from 0.76 to 0.93, mainly attributing to the reduced the irreversible fouling resistance. Furthermore, we discovered that common membrane cleaning using acid or base enhanced the DTN@EO/EC-UF process. In conclusion, this study established an innovative DTN@EO/EC-UF process with excellent performance in terms of water purification and membrane self-cleaning. The results provided a promising alternative for treating saline algae-containing surface water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Bingxuan Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhongjian Zhuang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Xing Du
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Dachao Lin
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- Guangzhou Water Supply Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, PR China.
| | - Zhihong Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sezer M, Isgoren M, Veli S, Topkaya E, Arslan A. Removal of microplastics in food packaging industry wastewaters with electrocoagulation process: Optimization by Box-Behnken design. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141314. [PMID: 38286307 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Currently, the vast majority of studies on microplastics (MPs) focus on determining the quantity and presence of these particles in various receiving environments and their treatment in domestic wastewater treatment plants. However, little research has been conducted on the treatment of microplastics in industrial effluent. Therefore, in this study, effluent samples from the cooling water tank of a local food packaging manufacturing company were analyzed to determine the presence and quantity of MPs for the first time. MPs removal from industrial wastewater using the electrocoagulation (EC) method was optimized using the Box Behnken Design (BBD). A second-order model was developed to estimate the microplastic removal efficiency, and the R2, adjusted R2, and predicted R2 of the model were 0.9994, 0.9985, and 0.9962, respectively. The optimal reaction parameters resulting in the maximum removal rate of microplastics (99 %) were determined to be pH 6.74, current density of 3.16 mA cm-2, and duration of 13.58 min. The cost of microplastic treatment per m3 of wastewater in the EC system, operated under optimal conditions, was calculated as 0.125 $. In this study, it was concluded that the EC process is a highly efficient technique for the removal of MPs from industrial wastewater at a low cost. Determining the most favorable conditions with BBD for the EC process at the feasibility stage of treatment plants will provide economic benefits and increase treatment efficiency during the installation of large-scale plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Sezer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41001, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Melike Isgoren
- Department of Environmental Protection, Kocaeli University, 41275, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Sevil Veli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41001, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Eylem Topkaya
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41001, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayla Arslan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41001, Kocaeli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Obi CC, Nwabanne JT, Igwegbe CA, Abonyi MN, Umembamalu CJ, Kamuche TT. Intelligent algorithms-aided modeling and optimization of the deturbidization of abattoir wastewater by electrocoagulation using aluminium electrodes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120161. [PMID: 38290261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The removal of turbidity from abattoir wastewater (AWW) by electrocoagulation (EC) was modeled and optimized using Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms. Artificial neural networks (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and genetic algorithms (GA) were the AI tools employed. Five input variables were considered: pH, current intensity, electrolysis time, settling time, and temperature. The ANN model was evaluated using the Levenberg-Marquardt (trainlm) algorithm, while the ANFIS modeling was accomplished using the Sugeno-type FIS. The ANN and ANFIS models demonstrated linear adequacy with the experimental data, with an R2 value of 0.9993 in both cases. The corresponding statistical error indices were RMSE (ANN = 5.65685E-05; ANFIS = 2.82843E-05), SSE (ANN = 1.60E-07; ANFIS = 3.4E-08), and MSE (ANN = 3.2E-09; ANFIS = 8E-10). The error indices revealed that the ANFIS model had the least performance error and is considered the most reliable of the two. The process optimization performed with GA and PSO considered turbidity removal efficiency, energy requirement, and electrode material loss. An optimal turbidity removal efficiency of 99.39 % was predicted at pH (3.1), current intensity (2 A), electrolysis time (20 min), settling time (50 min), and operating temperature (50 °C). This represents a potential for the delivery of cleaner water without the use of chemicals. The estimated power consumption and the theoretical mass of the aluminium electrode dissolved at the optimum condition were 293.33 kW h/m3 and 0.2237 g, respectively. The work successfully affirmed the effectiveness of the EC process in the removal of finely divided suspended particles from AWW and demonstrated the suitability of the AI algorithms in the modeling and optimization of the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Tagbo Nwabanne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, 420218, Nigeria.
| | - Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, 420218, Nigeria; Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Matthew Ndubuisi Abonyi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, 420218, Nigeria.
| | | | - Toochukwu ThankGod Kamuche
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Song Z, Han R, Yu K, Li R, Luo X. Antifouling strategies for electrochemical sensing in complex biological media. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:138. [PMID: 38361136 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Surface fouling poses a significant challenge that restricts the analytical performance of electrochemical sensors in both in vitro and in vivo applications. Biofouling resistance is paramount to guarantee the reliable operation of electrochemical sensors in complex biofluids (e.g., blood, serum, and urine). Seeking efficient strategies for surface fouling and establishing highly sensitive sensing platforms for applications in complex media have received increasing attention in the past. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent research efforts focused on antifouling electrochemical sensors. Initially, we present a detailed illustration of the concept about biofouling along with an exploration of four key antifouling mechanisms. Subsequently, we delve into the commonly employed antifouling strategies in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors. These encompass physical surface topography (micro/nanostructure coatings and filtration membranes) and chemical surface modifications (PEG and its derivatives, zwitterionic polymers, peptides, proteins, and various other antifouling materials). The progress in antifouling electrochemical sensors is proposed concerning the antifouling mechanisms as well as sensing capability assessments (e.g., sensitivity, stability, and practical application ability). Finally, we summarize the evolving trends in the field and highlight some key remaining limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Song
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Rui Han
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Kunpeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xiliang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang B, Yue Y, Wang S, Fu Y, Yin C, Jin M, Quan Y. Treatment of Monochlorobenzene from Polymers Process through Electrochemical Oxidation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:340. [PMID: 38337229 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of the economy and the demands of people's lives, the usage amount of polymer materials is significantly increasing globally. Chlorobenzenes (CBS) are widely used in the industrial, agriculture and chemical industries, particularly as important chemical raw materials during polymers processes. CBS are difficult to remove due to their properties, such as being hydrophobic, volatile and persistent and biotoxic, and they have caused great harm to the ecological environment and human health. Electrochemical oxidation technology for the treatment of refractory pollutants has been widely used due to its high efficiency and easiness of operation. Thus, the electrochemical oxidation system was established for the efficient treatment of monochlorobenzene (MCB) waste gas. The effect of a single factor, such as anode materials, cathode materials, the electrolyte concentration, current density and electrode distance on the removal efficiency (RE) of MCB gas were first studied. The response-surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the relationships between different factors' conditions (current density, electrolyte concentration, electrode distance), and a prediction model was established using the Design-Expert 10.0.1 software to optimize the reaction conditions. The results of the one-factor experiments showed that when treating 2.90 g/m3 MCB gas with a 0.40 L/min flow rate, Ti/Ti4O7 as an anode, stainless steel wire mesh as a cathode, 0.15 mol/L NaCl electrolyte, 10.0 mA/cm2 current density and 4.0 cm electrode distance, the average removal efficiency (RE), efficiency capacity (EC) and energy consumption (Esp) were 57.99%, 20.18 g/(m3·h) and 190.2 (kW·h)/kg, respectively. The results of the RSM showed that the effects of the process parameters on the RE of MBC were as follows: current density > electrode distance > electrolyte concentration; the interactions effects on the RE of MBC were in the order of electrolyte concentration and current density > current density and electrode distance > electrolyte concentration and electrode distance; the optimal experimental conditions were as follows: the concentration of electrolyte was 0.149 mol/L, current density was 18.11 mA, electrode distance was 3.804 cm. Under these conditions, the RE achieved 66.43%. The response-surface variance analysis showed that the regression model reached a significant level, and the validation results were in agreement with the predicted results, which proved the feasibility of the model. The model can be applied to treat the CBS waste gas of polymer processes through electrochemical oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baiqi Wang
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yanmin Yue
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Chengri Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Mingji Jin
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
- Department of Geography and Ocean Sciences, Yanbian University, Hunchun 133300, China
| | - Yue Quan
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
- Department of Geography and Ocean Sciences, Yanbian University, Hunchun 133300, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sebastian SL, Kalivel P, Subbiah K, David JJ, Stephen AMM, Palanichamy J. Electrocoagulation using Ti/Ti for the remediation and reuse of aqueous Dispersive Blue-79. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:177. [PMID: 38243084 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The entire ecology is contaminated by the synthetic dyes that are widely utilised in the textile industries. They can be handled using a variety of technologies, but an eco-friendly method called electrocoagulation has been used to prevent additional contamination. Textile wastewater containing disperse dyes are successfully treated in Electrocoagulation (EC) utilizing Al, Fe, and Stainless Steel (SS), but it is not cost effective, also the treated water contains certain mg/L of the metals used, along with dye components, which obstructs the reuse of the same. The effects of initial pH, applied voltage, dye concentration, supporting electrolyte, and treatment time on the colour removal efficiency (CRE) and consumption of energy were examined in EC process followed by activated charcoal filtration (hybrid process) with a monopolar Ti/Ti electrode on the remediation of aqueous solution of Dispersive Blue-79 (dye 3G). The maximum CREobtained was 99.4%, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 93%, and biological oxygen demand (BOD) 85%, under the following optimized operating conditions, applied voltage 15 V, pH = 7, concentration of dye, electrolyte 110 mg/L, 0.2 g/L and time = 15 min. The overall operating cost for the treatment of aqueous dye 3G was 0.455US/m3. The mechanism of EC was studied using XPS analysis in the sludge obtained. For the purpose of the reuse, FTIR, AAS, and ICP-OES analysis were done and compared with the aqueous dye 3G, after EC and hybrid process to ensure the maximum removal of the degraded dye components and metal. ICP-OES results showed that there were no traces of metal in the treated aqueous dye 3G using this method. Throughout the study, the experimental outcomes indicated that the hybrid process upgraded the quality of the treated aqueous dye 3G.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahaya Leenus Sebastian
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parameswari Kalivel
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kavitha Subbiah
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jovitha Jane David
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Asath Murphy Maria Stephen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jegathambal Palanichamy
- Water Institute, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu J, Zhang P, Li J, Cao Y, Zhang W, Zhang X, Yi X, Wang H. Mo(VI) removal from water by aluminum electrocoagulation: Cost-effectiveness analysis, main influencing factors, and proposed mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132608. [PMID: 37748311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Mo(VI) (MoO42-) removal by aluminum electrocoagulation (Al EC) with Al as anodes and cathodes was studied for the first time. At the initial Mo concentrations of 0.3 - 150 mg/L, kinetic analysis and effects of main factors (electrode connection modes, current density (CD), initial pH, and electrolytes) were examined, and potential mechanism of Mo(VI) removal were elucidated. Results showed that CD had significant impacts on anode weight loss, cathode weight loss, and total electrode weight loss (p value < 0.05). Cathode weight loss was higher than anode weight loss. XRD analysis results showed lower crystallinity of scums than that of precipitates. Boehmite was the most prevalent oxide in scums. An appropriate amount of NaCl was beneficial for enhancing the Mo(VI) removal efficiency and reducing the energy consumption of the Al EC process. Electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, hydroxyl exchange, flocculation, and coprecipitation were the main mechanisms involved in the Mo(VI) removal process by Al EC. Al EC outperformed conventional chemical coagulation in terms of Mo(VI) removal at the same dosage of Al. The Mo(VI) removal efficiencies in two real water samples (lake water and river water) reached up to 89.2% and 71.2%, respectively. This study provides novel insights into the strategies for the removal of oxoanionic metal pollutants and reduction of operating cost by Al EC technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Economics and Management, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Yumin Cao
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- School of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jafari E, Malayeri MR, Brückner H, Weimer T, Krebs P. Innovative spiral electrode configuration for enhancement of electrocoagulation-flotation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119085. [PMID: 37757685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The performance of electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) process can profoundly be affected by the reactor design and electrode configuration. These may, in turn, influence the removal efficiency, flow hydrodynamic, floc formation, and flotation/settling characteristics. The present work aimed at developing a new spiral electrode configuration to enhance the ECF process. To do so, the impacts of parameters such as energy consumption, removal efficiency of the contaminants from industrial wastewater with a composition of turbidity, emulsified oil, and heavy metals (Si, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Cd), as well as stirring speed and foaming have been investigated. Comparison was also made between the experimental results of the new electrode configuration with the conventional rectangular cell with plate electrode configuration with the same volume and electrode surface area. The findings revealed that energy consumption of the spiral electrode configuration within the operating times of 10, 20, 30, 32, 48, and 70 min, was approximately 20% lower compared to that of the conventional ECF. Moreover, the maximum and minimum removal efficiency of 97% and 60% were obtained for turbidity and TOC for the stirring speed of 500 rpm and Reynolds number of 10,035, respectively. Finally, the formed gas bubbles tilted toward the center due to the enhanced flow hydrodynamic which resulted in substantial reduction of foam formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Jafari
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - M Reza Malayeri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Iran.
| | - Heike Brückner
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Weimer
- Department of Research and Development, Spiraltec GmbH, Germany
| | - Peter Krebs
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qiao M, Zhang J, Mao R, Zhao X. Inactivation of Escherichia Coli by mixed-valent nanoparticles in-situ generated during Fe electrocoagulation. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 247:120818. [PMID: 37925859 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is promising for the removal of chemical and microbial contaminants. Although the removal of pathogens from wastewater is efficient by conventional Fe-EC in the presence of dissolved oxygen (DO), the non-inactivated pathogens in the sediment still have a risk. Herein, the inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) with the mixed-valent iron nanoparticles, magnetite and green rust (GR), in-situ generated from Fe-EC process in the absence of DO was investigated. The inactivation efficiency was significantly higher with magnetite (4.7 log cells) and GR (3.2 log cells) compared with FeOOH (0.7-1.7 log cells) generated at 50 mA in 10 min. The unstable in-situ generated magnetite with positive charges was prone to adsorb onto E. coli, damaging the cell membrane, inactivating the bacteria. The unstable in-situ generated GR was prone to coagulate with E. coli, delivering Fe2+ into the cell and inducing the generation of endogenous ROS, inactivating the bacteria. Fe-EC in the absence of DO was proved to be efficient for the inactivation of E. coli (4.2-4.3 log cells) in real wastewater. These findings identified the ignored inactivation effect and mechanism of E. coli with magnetite and GR generated in situ from Fe-EC process, which will provide theoretical support for real applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Junke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ran Mao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Z. Phosphorus-modified bone chars with developed porosity for efficient removal of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:123796-123807. [PMID: 37991622 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Guided by the concept of treating the wastes with wastes, the efficient use of bone residuals as separation materials is worthy of study. Since bone chars (BCs) are composed of hydroxyapatite and carbon matrix, it is desired to extend the carbon component with improved pore structure and abundant modified groups further, which is favorable to capture metal ions. In this work, phosphorus-modified BCs (PBCs) were fabricated by pretreating bone residuals with phytic acid, achieving improved surface areas (208.7-517.6 m2/g, 37.9-8.2-fold of enhancement) and abundant surface phosphorus contents (5.63-7.54 at.%, 2.8-5.8-fold of enhancement) than BCs. PBCs could adsorb heavy metals with fast kinetics (10.0 h) and excellent maximum capacities (463.9, 156.5, and 80.9 mg/g for Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II)). Spectroscopic results demonstrated that the formation of precipitation was crucial for the enrichment of Pb(II). Moreover, the coordination with functional groups (O-/reductive N-species), the cation exchange with inorganic Ca2+, the electrostatic attraction with deprotonated O-, and the cation-π coordination should also be considered for the sorption. Our study facilitated the application of activated bone wastes as a promising candidate to remediate aquatic heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qi J, Xu J, Ang HT, Wang B, Gupta NK, Dubbaka SR, O'Neill P, Mao X, Lum Y, Wu J. Electrophotochemical Synthesis Facilitated Trifluoromethylation of Arenes Using Trifluoroacetic Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37920956 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The trifluoromethyl (CF3) group is an essential moiety in medicinal chemistry due to its unique physicochemical properties. While trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is an inexpensive and easily accessible reagent, its use as a source of CF3 is highly challenging due to its high oxidation potential. In this study, we present a novel electrophotochemical approach that enables the use of TFA as the CF3 source for the selective, catalyst- and oxidant-free trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arenes. Key to our approach is the selective oxidation of TFA over arenes, generating CF3 radicals through oxidative decarboxylation. This strategy enables the sustainable and environmentally-friendly synthesis of CF3-, CF2H- and perfluoroalkyl-containing (hetero)arenes with a broad range of substrates. Importantly, our results demonstrate significantly improved chemoselectivity by light irradiation, opening up new possibilities for the synthetic and medicinal applications of TFA as an ideal yet underutilized CF3 source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jinhui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hwee Ting Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Nipun Kumar Gupta
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | - Srinivas Reddy Dubbaka
- Pfizer Asia Manufacturing Pte Ltd., Manufacturing Technology Development Centre (MTDC), Synapse Building, #05-17, 3 Biopolis Drive, 138623, Singapore
| | - Patrick O'Neill
- Pfizer Ireland Pharmaceuticals, Process Development Centre, Ringaskiddy (PDC), Co-Cork 637578, Ireland
| | - Xianwen Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore,9 Engineering Drive 1117575, Singapore
| | - Yanwei Lum
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117575, Singapore
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shan LL, Tan Z, Chen Y, Wang RS, Zhang M, Pang CL, Cui YH, Liao ZM, Ma HQ, Zhu ZB. Biodegradability enhancement of waste lubricating oil regeneration wastewater using electrocoagulation pretreatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:106421-106430. [PMID: 37728675 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
As a sustainable management of fossil fuel resources and ecological environment protection, recycling used lubricating oil has received widespread attention. However, large amounts of waste lubricating-oil regeneration wastewater (WLORW) are inevitably produced in the recycling process, and challenges are faced by traditional biological treatment of WLORW. Thus, this study investigated the effectiveness of electrocoagulation (EC) as pretreatment and its removal mechanism. The electrolysis parameters (current density, initial pH, and inter-electrode distance) were considered, and maximal 60.06% of oil removal was achieved at a current density of 15 mA/cm2, initial pH of 7, and an inter-electrode distance of 2 cm. The dispersed oil of WLORW was relatively easily removed, and most of the oil removal was contributed by emulsified oil within 5-10 μm. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that effective removal of the biorefractory organic compounds could contribute to the improvement of biodegradability of WLORW. Thus, the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand ratio (BOD5/COD) was significantly enhanced by 4.31 times, which highly benefits future biological treatment. The routes of WLORW removal could be concluded as charge neutralization, adsorption bridging, sweep flocculation, and air flotation. The results demonstrate that EC has potential as an effective pretreatment technology for WLORW biological treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Shan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
- Jiangxi JDL Environmental Protection Co., Ltd, Nanchang, 330199, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhao Tan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Ruo-Shan Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Jiangxi Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanchang, 330039, China
| | - Chang-Long Pang
- Jiangxi ZXDH Environmental Protection Industry Tecnology Institute Co., Ltd, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Yu-Hong Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhi-Min Liao
- Jiangxi JDL Environmental Protection Co., Ltd, Nanchang, 330199, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Ma
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Ze-Bing Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peng Q, Lü X, Ou J, Zhou Y, Xu T, Hu B, Yu G, Zhu C, Xie Z. Study on removal of phosphorus and COD in wastewater by sinusoidal AC Fenton oxidation-coagulation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:3382-3392. [PMID: 35332842 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2058423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to treat domestic wastewater containing phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand (COD), the new technology of Sinusoidal Alternating Current (AC) Fenton Oxidation-Coagulation (SACFOC) was used to improve the removal efficiency (Re) and reduce energy consumption (EEC). The morphology, elemental composition, crystal structure and functional groups of the sludge were characterised by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that total phosphorus removal efficiency {Re(TP)} and removal efficiency of organic matter {Re(COD)} can reach 97.56% and 87.77%, respectively, but EEC is only 0.09 kWh·m-3 under the optimum conditions of pH0 = 3, current density (j) = 0.5 A·m-2, c0(TP) = 18 mg·dm-3, c0(COD) = 300 mg·dm-3, c0(H2O2) = 0.06 mol·dm-3, t = 45 min. As compared with direct current (DC) Fenton Oxidation-Coagulation (DCFOC), the COD removal efficiency of SACFOC treatment was improved by 37%, but the energy consumption was reduced by 45%. The degradation process of total phosphorus and COD by SACFOC abides by the quasi-first-order kinetic model. The process of SACFOC includes double effects of electrocoagulation of iron sol by electrolysis and degrade COD by oxidation of formed hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in wastewater, which improves removal efficiency of total phosphorus and COD in wastewater. Our research findings will provide technical guidance and a theoretical basis for the simultaneous treatment of wastewater containing phosphorus and COD applying SACFOC process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjuan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliu Lü
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Ou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Bonian Hu
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyou Zhu
- Aerospace kaitian Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mahesh N, Shyamalagowri S, Pavithra MKS, Alodhayb A, Alarifi N, Aravind J, Kamaraj M, Balakumar S. Viable remediation techniques to cleansing wastewaters comprising endocrine-disrupting compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116245. [PMID: 37245568 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have recently gained prominence as emerging pollutants due to their significant negative impacts on diverse living forms in ecosystems, including humans, by altering their endocrine systems. EDCs are a prominent category of emerging contaminants in various aquatic settings. Given the growing population and limited access to freshwater resources, their expulsion from aquatic systems is also a severe issue. EDC removal from wastewater depends on the physicochemical properties of the specific EDCs found in each wastewater type and various aquatic environments. Due to these components' chemical, physical, and physicochemical diversity, various approaches based on physical, biological, electrochemical, and chemical procedures have been developed to eliminate them. The objective of this review is to provide the comprehensive overview by selecting recent approaches that showed significant impact on the best available methods for removing EDCs from various aquatic matrices. It is suggested that adsorption by carbon-based materials or bioresources is effective at higher EDC concentrations. Electrochemical mechanization works, but it requires expensive electrodes, continual energy, and chemicals. Due to the lack of chemicals and hazardous byproducts, adsorption and biodegradation are considered environmentally friendly. When combined with synthetic biology and an AI system, biodegradation can efficiently remove EDCs and replace conventional water treatment technologies in the near future. Hybrid in-house methods may reduce EDCs best, depending on the EDC and resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Mahesh
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, Srinivasa Ramanujan Centre, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Kumbakonam, 612001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Shyamalagowri
- P.G. and Research Department of Botany, Pachaiyappas College, Chennai, 600030, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M K S Pavithra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, 638401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdullah Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed Alarifi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Aravind
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Kamaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology -Ramapuram Campus, Chennai, 600089, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Srinivasan Balakumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, Srinivasa Ramanujan Centre, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Kumbakonam, 612001, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fuladpanjeh-Hojaghan B, Shah RS, Roberts EPL, Trifkovic M. Effect of polarity reversal on floc formation and rheological properties of a sludge formed by the electrocoagulation process. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120201. [PMID: 37336184 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Anode fouling is one of the key limiting factors to the widespread application of electrocoagulation (EC) for treatment of different types of contaminated water. Promising mitigation strategy to fouling is to operate the process under polarity reversal (PR) instead of direct current (DC). However, the PR operation comes at the cost of process complexity due to the alternation of electrochemical and chemical reactions. In this study, we systematically investigated the link between evolving fouling layer during DC and PR close to iron and aluminum electrodes and morphological and rheological properties of the formed sludge. By operando visualization of EC process, we demonstrate that during PR operation, precipitation of the iron and aluminum species occurs close to the anode interface, resulting in flocs with higher porosity and lower density than those formed under DC conditions. However, rheological investigation revealed that the PR conditions resulted in a sludge with more pronounced solid-like signature, but this enhancement in its viscoelastic properties is closely related to a period of the current's polarity reversal. We attribute this unexpected result to higher shear rate and collision of particles during PR conditions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Vicente C, Silva JR, Santos AD, Silva JF, Mano JT, Castro LM. Electrocoagulation treatment of furniture industry wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138500. [PMID: 36963577 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation was investigated as a method for treating wastewater containing polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) from the furniture industry. The study evaluated the evolution of iron concentration and passivation during the treatment process. Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of inter-electrode distance (d), current density, and mode on treatment performance. Three values of d (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 cm) were studied and found to have no significant effect on performance. However, lower d values resulted in reduced energy consumption due to a decrease in applied voltage. Three values of current density (132, 158, and 197 A m-2) were studied under two current modes, Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Pulsed Current (APC). The best treatment performance for DC occurred under 158 A m-2 (the treated wastewater was characterized by pH = 4.59 ± 0.02, conductivity = 996 ± 21 μS cm-1, COD = 1940 ± 55 mgO2 L-1, TSS = 105 ± 14 mg L-1, and Fe = 50.39 ± 1.87 mgFe L-1). For APC, the best performance was achieved under 197 A m-2 (the treated wastewater was characterized by pH = 6.33 ± 0.06, conductivity = 988 ± 17 μS cm-1, COD = 1942 ± 312 mgO2 L-1, TSS = 199 ± 55 mg L-1, and Fe = 44.68 ± 4.60 mgFe L-1). Despite the promising results, treatment performance was insufficient to meet the legal requirements for water discharge. APC was found to be a more economically viable approach, as it reduced anode wear, electrode passivation, and energy consumption. The quantity of iron released increased with d, and the effect of current density on iron concentration was found to be non-linear. However, applying APC reduced the iron content for all tested current densities. The tests showed that EC was effective in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS), achieving removal efficiencies above 92% and 99%, respectively. However, the studied treatment procedures were insufficient to meet the EU legal requirements for water discharge. Therefore, the obtained wastewater should undergo a post-treatment process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Vicente
- Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rua Pedro Nunes - Quinta da Nora, 3030-199, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João R Silva
- Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rua Pedro Nunes - Quinta da Nora, 3030-199, Coimbra, Portugal; CIEPQPF-Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia D Santos
- Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rua Pedro Nunes - Quinta da Nora, 3030-199, Coimbra, Portugal; CIEPQPF-Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João F Silva
- Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rua Pedro Nunes - Quinta da Nora, 3030-199, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge T Mano
- IKEA Industry Portugal, SA, Avenida Capital do Móvel, Nº 157, 4595-282, Penamaior, Portugal
| | - Luis M Castro
- Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rua Pedro Nunes - Quinta da Nora, 3030-199, Coimbra, Portugal; CIEPQPF-Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal; SISus - Laboratory of Sustainable Industrial Systems, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rua Pedro Nunes - Quinta da Nora, 3030-199, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Y, Lu MY, Bao J, Shao LX, Yu WJ, Hu XM, Zhao X. Periodically reversing electrocoagulation technique for efficient removal of short-chain perfluoroalkyl substances from contaminated groundwater around a fluorochemical facility. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:138953. [PMID: 37196788 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Widespread distributions of short-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has been recognized as a crucial environmental issue. However, multiple treatment techniques were ineffective due to their high polarity and mobility, contributing to a never-ending existence in the aquatic environment ubiquitously. The present study revealed potential technique of periodically reversing electrocoagulation (PREC) to perform efficient removal of short-chain PFASs including experimental factors (in the conditions of 9 V for voltage, 600 r/min of stirring speed, 10 s of reversing period, and 2 g/L of NaCl electrolyte), orthogonal experiments, actual application, and removal mechanism. Accordingly, based upon the orthogonal experiments, the removal efficiencies of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) in simulated solution could achieve 81.0% with the optimal parameters of Fe-Fe electrode materials, addition of 665 μL H2O2 per 10 min, and pH at 3.0. The PREC was further applied for treating the actual groundwater around a fluorochemical facility, consequently the removal efficiencies for typical short-chain perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), PFBS, and perfluoropentane sulfonate (PFPeS) were 62.5%, 89.0%, 96.4%, 90.0%, and 97.5%, respectively. The other long-chain PFASs contaminants had superior removal with the removal efficiencies up to 97%-100%. In addition, a comprehensive removal mechanism related to electric attraction adsorption for short-chain PFASs could be verified through the morphological analysis of ultimate flocs composition. The oxidation degradation was further revealed as the other removal mechanism by suspect and nontarget screening of intermediates formed in simulated solution, as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculation theory. Moreover, the degradation pathways about one CF2O molecule or CO2 eliminated with one C atom removed in PFBS by ·OH generated from the PREC oxidation process were further proposed. As a result, the PREC would be a promising technique for the efficient removal of short-chain PFASs from severely contaminated water bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China.
| | - Meng-Yuan Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China
| | - Jia Bao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China.
| | - Li-Xin Shao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yu
- School of Water Resources & Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiao-Min Hu
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kim D, Gao Y, Rigby K, Meese AF, Lim HJ, Wang H, Kim JH, Kim JH. Pulsed Electrolysis of Boron-Doped Carbon Dramatically Improves Impurity Tolerance and Longevity of H 2O 2 Production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7309-7320. [PMID: 37094280 PMCID: PMC10174061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic water treatment has emerged in the limelight of scientific interest, yet its long-term viability remains largely in the dark. Herein, we present for the first time a comprehensive framework on how to optimize pulsed electrolysis to bolster catalyst impurity tolerance and overall longevity. By examining real wastewater constituents and assessing different catalyst designs, we deconvolute the complexities associated with key pulsing parameters to formulate optimal sequences that maximize operational lifetime. We showcase our approach for cathodic H2O2 electrosynthesis, selected for its widespread importance to wastewater treatment. Our results unveil superior performance for a boron-doped carbon catalyst over state-of-the-art oxidized carbon, with high selectivity (>75%) and near complete recoveries in overpotentials even in the presence of highly detrimental Ni2+ and Zn2+ impurities. We then adapt these fine-tuned settings, obtained under a three-electrode arrangement, for practical two-electrode operation using a novel strategy that conserves the desired electrochemical potentials at the catalytic interface. Even under various impurity concentrations, our pulses substantially improve long-term H2O2 production to 287 h and 35 times that attainable via conventional electrolysis. Our findings underscore the versatility of pulsed electrolysis necessary for developing more practical water treatment technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David
J. Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yuanzuo Gao
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy
Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Kali Rigby
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Aidan F. Meese
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hyun Jeong Lim
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hailiang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy
Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Jin Hyun Kim
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li B, Lu C, Zhao J, Tian J, Sun J, Hu C. Operational parameter prediction of electrocoagulation system in a rural decentralized water treatment plant by interpretable machine learning model. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 333:117416. [PMID: 36758403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is a promising alternative for decentralized drinking water treatment in rural areas as a chemical-free technology. However, seasonal fluctuations of water quality in influent remain a significant challenge for rural decentralized water supply, which was a potential threat to water safety. The frequent operation was required to ensure the effluent water quality by the experienced technicians, who were in shortage in rural areas. If the operational parameters prediction model based on water quality could be established, it might reduce the dependence on technicians. Therefore, an artificial neural network (ANN) model combined with genetic algorithm (GA) was used to establish a prediction model for unattended intelligent operation. Data on water quality and operational parameters were collected from a practical EC system in a decentralized water treatment plant. Seven water quality parameters (e.g., turbidity, temperature, pH and conductivity) were selected as input variables and the operational current was employed as the output. A non-linear relationship between water quality parameters and the operational current was verified by correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The mean squared error (MSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) were used as evaluation indexes to optimize the structure of the GA-ANN model. Influent turbidity was identified to be crucial in the GA-ANN model by model interpretation using sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis. The Garson weight of turbidity in the seven input variables achieved 45.4%. The predictive accuracy of the GA-ANN model sharply declined from 90% to 67.1% when influent turbidity data were absent. In addition, it was estimated that energy consumption savings of the GA-ANN method declined by 14.2% in comparison with the gradient control method. This study verifies the feasibility and stability of machine learning strategy for unattended operation in the rural decentralized water treatment plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300131, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chaojie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- School of Mathematics & Statistics and National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiayu Tian
- Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300131, China.
| | - Jingqiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khongkliang P, Khemkhao M, Mahathanabodee S, O-Thong S, Kadier A, Phalakornkule C. Efficient removal of tannins from anaerobically-treated palm oil mill effluent using protein-tannin complexation in conjunction with electrocoagulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 321:138086. [PMID: 36754310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by anaerobic digestion, anaerobically-treated palm oil mill effluent (POME) still contains tannins and other phenolic compounds, resulting in residual COD and a brownish color. In this study, we investigated the removal of tannins from anaerobically treated POME using protein-tannin complexation in conjunction with electrocoagulation. The amino acid composition of the protein, aqueous pH, and protein: tannin ratios were found to be important parameters affecting the tannin removal efficiency. Pig blood protein was superior to casein protein in removing tannins, possibly because it had aspartic acid as the major amino acid component. At an optimal condition with a pig blood protein: tannin ratio of 0.33 (w/w), a current density of 30 mA/cm2, pH 5, and an electrolysis time of 10 min, the removals of tannins, COD, and color were 93%, 96%, and 97%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peerawat Khongkliang
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand; Research Center for Circular Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Maneerat Khemkhao
- Rattanakosin College for Sustainable Energy and Environment, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand; Microbial Informatics and Industrial Product of Microbe Research Center, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Sithipong Mahathanabodee
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Sompong O-Thong
- International College, Thaksin University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand; Research Center for Circular Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arabameri A, Alavi Moghaddam MR, Azadmehr AR, Karamati-Niaragh E. Determination of optimal operating conditions for AC-powered electrocoagulation process coupling green additive Tartaric Acid to remove Ni 2+: Pyomo and RSM approach. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117152. [PMID: 36608607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel Python-based open-source optimization framework, namely Pyomo (Python optimization modeling objects), alongside a conventional optimization method, RSM (response surface methodology), was utilized to determine the optimal operating conditions of an alternating current-powered electrocoagulation (ACPE) process for nickel removal. In this regard, four mutable operating factors, current density (5-9 mA/cm2), initial nickel concentration (200-400 mg/L), initial pH of the solution (5-9), and electrolysis time (30-60 min), along with a fixed amount of an additional eco-friendly substance, Tartaric Acid (155 mg/L) were considered. Metal removal efficiency (OF1) and operating costs (OF2) were monitored and evaluated as objective functions with the aim of maximization and minimization, respectively. Experiments were conducted according to the central composite design (CCD), and validation outcomes established a reasonable agreement between the predicted models and the experimental data. The multi-objective optimization process yielded two sets of 30-optimal-solution obtained through Pyomo and RSM. Accordingly, the proposed solutions by the Pyomo were found to be more flexible and eclectic, supplying the local decision maker(s) with a diverse spectrum of optimal operating conditions. Adding TA was also effective in reducing electrical energy consumption by up to 46%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Arabameri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Hafez Ave., Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Alavi Moghaddam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Hafez Ave., Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Amir Reza Azadmehr
- Department of Mining Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Hafez Ave., Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gu X, Li J, Feng X, Qu W, Wang W, Wang J. Efficient removal of norfloxacin from water using batch airlift-electrocoagulation reactor: optimization and mechanisms analysis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8944-8954. [PMID: 36936850 PMCID: PMC10021078 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00471f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed an airlift-electrocoagulation (AL-EC) reactor to remove norfloxacin (NOR) from water. Six parameters influencing NOR removal were investigated, and the possible removal mechanism was proposed based on flocs characterization and intermediates analysis. The performances for treating different antibiotics and removing NOR from 3 types of water were also evaluated. The best NOR removal efficiency was obtained with the iron anode and aluminum cathode combination, a current density of 2 mA cm-2, an initial pH of 7, a treatment time of 32 minutes and an air flow rate of 200 mL min-1, the supporting electrolyte type was NaCl, and the initial NOR concentration was 10 mg L-1. Flocs adsorption and electrochemical oxidation were the main ways to remove NOR from water. The average removal efficiency of the AL-EC reactor exceeded 60% of the different antibiotic concentrations in artificial and real water. The highest NOR removal rate reached 93.48% with an operating cost of 0.153 USD m-3. The present work offers a strategy for NOR removal from water with high efficiency and low cost, showing a huge potential for the application of the AL-EC in antibiotic contaminated water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuege Gu
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
| | - Junfeng Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
| | - Xueting Feng
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
| | - Wenying Qu
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
| | - Wenhuai Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
| | - Jiankang Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Islam MM, Mohana AA, Rahman MA, Rahman M, Naidu R, Rahman MM. A Comprehensive Review of the Current Progress of Chromium Removal Methods from Aqueous Solution. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11030252. [PMID: 36977017 PMCID: PMC10053122 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) exists in aqueous solution as trivalent (Cr3+) and hexavalent (Cr6+) forms. Cr3+ is an essential trace element while Cr6+ is a dangerous and carcinogenic element, which is of great concern globally due to its extensive applications in various industrial processes such as textiles, manufacturing of inks, dyes, paints, and pigments, electroplating, stainless steel, leather, tanning, and wood preservation, among others. Cr3+ in wastewater can be transformed into Cr6+ when it enters the environment. Therefore, research on Cr remediation from water has attracted much attention recently. A number of methods such as adsorption, electrochemical treatment, physico-chemical methods, biological removal, and membrane filtration have been devised for efficient Cr removal from water. This review comprehensively demonstrated the Cr removal technologies in the literature to date. The advantages and disadvantages of Cr removal methods were also described. Future research directions are suggested and provide the application of adsorbents for Cr removal from waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Monjurul Islam
- Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Anika Amir Mohana
- Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Aminur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Zonal Laboratory, Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), Jashore 7400, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science & Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hu Q, He L, Lan R, Feng C, Pei X. Recent advances in phosphate removal from municipal wastewater by electrocoagulation process: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
27
|
He H, Zhang C, Yang X, Huang B, Zhe J, Lai C, Liao Z, Pan X. The efficient treatment of mature landfill leachate using tower bipolar electrode flocculation-oxidation combined with electrochemical biofilm reactors. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119544. [PMID: 36603307 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mature landfill leachate contains high concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds that inhibit the performance of conventional biological treatment. Nowadays, few single treatment techniques could fulfill the requirements of cleaning mature landfill leachate. In this study, a tower bipolar electrode flocculation-oxidation (BEF-O) reactor and an electrochemical biofilm reactor (EBR) combine device was constructed to effectively treat mature landfill leachate. And the removal efficiency and mechanism of various pollutants using the BEF-O reactor were investigated. The BEF-O system with the current density of 100 mA/cm2 shows excellent treatment efficiency, which can roundly remove most pollutants (NH4+-N, COD and heavy metals, etc.), and increase the bioavailability of the effluent to facilitate subsequent EBR treatment. Benefiting from the metabolic stimulation and population selection effect of electric current on microorganisms, EBR has a denser biofilm, stronger anti-pollution load capacity, superior, and stable pollution treatment efficiency. More importantly, the combined device can reduce the concentrations of COD and NH4+-N from 6410 to 338 mg/L and 4065 to 4 mg/L, respectively, and has an economical energy consumption of 32.02 kWh/(kg COD) and 54.04 kWh/ (kg NH4+-N). To summarize, this research could provide an innovative and industrial application prospect technology for the mature landfill leachate treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Jiangyun Zhe
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chaochao Lai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhicheng Liao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming 650500, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lü X, Xu T, Zhou Y, Peng Q, Ou J, Hu B, Xie Z, Lei X, Yu G. Effect of iron ion configurations on Ni 2+ removal in electrocoagulation. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:823-834. [PMID: 36182186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) has been widely used to treat the heavy metal wastewater in industry. A novel process of sinusoidal alternating current electrocoagulation (SACC) is adopted to remove Ni2+ in wastewater in this study. The morphology of precipitates and the distribution of the main functional iron configurations were investigated. Ferron timed complex spectroscopy can identify the monomeric iron configurations [Fe(a)], oligomeric iron configurations [Fe(b)] and polymeric iron configurations [Fe(c)]. The optimal operating conditions of SACC process were determined through single-factor experiments. The maximum Ni2+ removal efficiency [Re(Ni2+)] was achieved under the conditions of pH0=7, current density (j) = 7 A/m2, electrolysis time (t) = 25 min, c0(Ni2+) = 100 mg/L. At pH=7, the proportion of Fe(b) and Fe(c) in the system was 50.4 at.% and 23.1 at.%, respectively. In the SACC process, Fe(b) and Fe(c) are the main iron configurations in solution, while Fe(c) are the vast majority of the iron configurations in the direct current electrocoagulation (DCC) process. Re(Ni2+) is 99.56% for SACC and 98.75% for DCC under the same optimum conditions, respectively. The precipitates produced by SACC have a high proportion of Fe(b) configurations with spherical α-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH structures which contain abundant hydroxyl groups. Moreover, it is demonstrated that Fe(b) has better adsorption capacity than Fe(c) through adsorption experiments of methyl orange (MO) dye. Fe(a) configurations in the homogeneous solution had no effect on the removal of nickel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliu Lü
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qingjuan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jinhua Ou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Research Institute of New Building Materials, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421008, China
| | - Bonian Hu
- Research Institute of New Building Materials, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421008, China.
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Xiping Lei
- Hunan Zihong Ecology Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410000, China
| | - Gang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang W, Zhang M, Yao J, Long J. Industrial indigo dyeing wastewater purification: effective COD removal with Peroxi-AC electrocoagulation system. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
|
30
|
Abdollahi J, Alavi Moghaddam MR, Habibzadeh S. The role of the current waveform in mitigating passivation and enhancing electrocoagulation performance: A critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137212. [PMID: 36395897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) can be an efficient alternative to existing water and wastewater treatment methods due to its eco-friendly nature, low footprint, and facile operation. However, the electrodes applied in the EC process suffer from passivation or fouling, an issue resulting from the buildup of poorly conducting materials on the electrode surface. Indeed, such passivation gives rise to various operational problems and restricts the practical implementation of EC on a large scale. Therefore, it has been suggested that using pulsed direct current (PDC), alternating pulse current (APC), and sinusoidal alternating current (AC) waveforms in EC as alternatives to conventional direct current (DC) can help mitigate passivation and alleviate its associated detrimental effects. This paper presents a critical review of the impact of the current waveform on the EC process towards the capabilities of the PDC, APC, and AC waveforms in de-passivation and performance enhancement while comparing them to the conventional DC. Additionally, current waveform parameters influencing the surface passivation of electrodes and process efficiency are elaborately discussed. Meanwhile, the performance of the EC process is evaluated under different current waveforms based on pollutant removal efficiency, energy consumption, electrode usage, sludge production, and operating cost. The proper current waveforms for treating various water and wastewater matrices are also explained. Finally, concluding remarks and outlooks for future research are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Abdollahi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran
| | | | - Sajjad Habibzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
An BH, Xu DM, Geng R, Cheng Y, Qian RB, Tang XC, Fan ZQ, Chen HB. The pretreatment effects of various target pollutant in real coal gasification gray water by coupling pulse electrocoagulation with chemical precipitation methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136898. [PMID: 36257394 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To prevent the scale formation in the equipments and pipelines after pre-treated coal gasification gray water (CGGW) entering the reuse system and reduce the influence of various pollutants in the effluent on subsequent biochemical treatment, this study presented a coupled use of pulse electrocoagulation (PEC) and chemical precipitation (CP) coupling method for the pretreatment of coal gasification gray water (CGGW). In addition, the operation parameters of PEC and the reaction conditions of PEC-CP were optimized based on iron plate as electrode and total hardness, turbidity and sludge yield as assessment indicators. Due to the formation of multi-hydroxyl iron by several minutes of pulse current, and the addition of pH regulator and coagulant aid, the efficient removal of various ions, hardness and turbidity was significantly reduced via various mechanism such as redox, precipitation, adsorption and coagulation reaction. The result indicated that under the optimal operation conditions, the total hardness, turbidity, and Fen+ of PEC-CP effluents were 275.0 mg/L, 3.0 NTU and 5.6 mg/L, respectively and sludge amount was 0.88 kg/m3. The removal rates of Si, B, Mn, Ba, COD, NPOC and NH4+-N by PEC-CP reached 80.0%, 75.4%, 97.0%, 99.8%, 35.0%, 33.6% and 23.8%, respectively. The present results suggested that the CGGW pretreatment effluents could be not only reused directly, but also greatly alleviate the scaling problem of water pipeline and coal gasification production facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Hong An
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Da-Mao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Rui Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Ningbo Shentong Environmental Technology Co., LTD, Ningbo, 315105, China
| | - Rui-Bo Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xian-Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Fan
- Shanghai Survey and Design Research Institute Co., LTD, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hu P, Su K, Sun Y, Li P, Cai J, Yang H. Efficient removal of nano- and micro- sized plastics using a starch-based coagulant in conjunction with polysilicic acid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157829. [PMID: 35932863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution has increasingly become an enormous global challenge due to the ubiquity and uncertain environmental performance, especially for nano- and micro- sized MPs. In this work, the performance and mechanisms in coagulation of 100 nm-5.0 μm sized polystyrene particles using an etherified starch-based coagulant (St-CTA) assisted by polysilicic acid (PSA) were systematically studied on the basis of the changes in MPs removal rates under various pH levels and in the presence of different coexisting inorganic and organic substances, zeta potentials of supernatants, and floc properties. St-CTA in conjunction with PSA had a high performance in coagulation of nano- and micro- sized MPs from water with a lower optimal dose and larger and compacter flocs. Besides, the MPs removal rate can be improved in acidic and coexisting salt conditions. The efficient performance in removal of MPs by this enhanced coagulation was owing to the synergic effect, that is, the effective aggregation of MPs through the charge neutralization of St-CTA followed by the efficient netting-bridging effect of PSA. The effectiveness of this enhanced coagulation was further confirmed by removal of two other typical nano-sized MPs, such as poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vinyl chloride), from different water sources including tap water, river water, and sludge supernatant from a sewage treatment plant. This work provided a novel enhanced coagulation technique that can effectively remove nano- and micro- sized MPs from water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Kexin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yibei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Pengwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Quanzhou Institute for Environmental Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Beifeng Road, Quanzhou 362000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Trigueros DE, Braun L, Hinterholz CL. Optimal electrocoagulation as a post-treatment to photochemical oxidation: Minimal electrical energy consumption and lower acute toxicity of dairy wastewater. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
34
|
Liu Y, Shao LX, Yu WJ, Bao J, Li TY, Hu XM, Zhao X. Simultaneous removal of multiple PFAS from contaminated groundwater around a fluorochemical facility by the periodically reversing electrocoagulation technique. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135874. [PMID: 35926750 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing attentions have been paid on widespread contaminations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Particularly, simultaneous occurrence of multiple PFAS in the aquatic environments globally has been recognized as a crucial emerging issue. The present study aimed to perform simultaneous removal of multiple PFAS contaminations from groundwater around a fluorochemical facility based upon the technique of periodically reversing electrocoagulation (PREC). Accordingly, the experiments were implemented on the best conditions, actual application, and removal mechanism in the process of PREC with Al-Zn electrodes. Consequently, 1 mg/L synthetic solution of ten PFAS could be eliminated ideally during the initial 10 min, under the optimal conditions involving voltage at 12 V, pH at 7.0, and electrolyte with NaCl. The maximum removal rates of perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were 90.9%, 91.0%, 99.7%, and 100%, respectively. The PREC performed a significant improvement for the wide scope of PFAS removal with the levels ranging from 10 μg/L to 100 mg/L. In addition, the optimized PREC technique was further applied to remove various PFAS contaminations from the natural groundwater samples underneath the fluorochemical facility, subsequently generating the removal efficiencies in the range between 31.3% and 99.9%, showing the observable advantages compared with other removal techniques for the actual application. Finally, the mechanism of PFAS removal was mainly related to enmeshment and synergistic bridging adsorption, together with oxidation degradation that determined by potential formation of short-chain PFAS in the PREC process. As a result, the PREC technique would be a promising technique for the efficient removal of multiple PFAS contaminations simultaneously from natural water bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China.
| | - Li-Xin Shao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China; School of Water Resources & Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jia Bao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China.
| | - Ting-Yu Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China
| | - Xiao-Min Hu
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sun J, Huo J, Li B, Gu Z, Hu C, Qu J. Anode passivation mitigation by homogenizing current density distribution in electrocoagulation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118966. [PMID: 35973250 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrode passivation is the most challenging technical problem in electrocoagulation (EC) water treatment process, but research on understanding and mitigating passivation evolution are still lacking. Herein, homogenization of current density (CD) distribution was found to be a critical factor in alleviating the anode passivation during EC process. Decreasing electrode area decelerated the growth of passivation layer on anode through homogenizing CD distribution, which was quantified by the ratios of CD distributed at the electrode edges and centers. When aluminum anode area decreased from 8 cm2 to 2 cm2 with a constant CD, the homogenization degree increased by 24.0%, and passivation was reduced by 24.3%. The depth profiles of passivated anodes confirmed the inhomogeneity of the anode passivation. Thicker passivation layers were observed at edges due to high CD distributions, which originated from the "edge effect" of electric field distribution between parallel plate electrodes. A facile strategy to homogenize CD distribution by splitting electrodes into smaller electrodes is then proposed for passivation mitigation, which can save energy consumption by 21.8% with unchanged removal efficiency. This study provides a unique insight into anode passivation mitigation and a feasible electrode design in EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jiawen Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhenao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Asfaha YG, Zewge F, Yohannes T, Kebede S. Application of hybrid electrocoagulation and electrooxidation process for treatment of wastewater from the cotton textile industry. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134706. [PMID: 35523291 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hybrid electrocoagulation-electrooxidation (EC-EO) process was evaluated for its capability to remove color, total organic carbon (TOC), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Aluminum (Al/Al) and iridium dioxide-coated onto titanium (IrO2/Ti) electrodes were selected as anode/cathode for EC and EC-EO experiments, respectively. The box-Behnken statistical experimental design was used to optimize different operating conditions of the processes. The selected EC operating parameters are the concentrated dye concentration, applied current density, electrolysis time, and pH. The three chosen operating conditions for hybrid EC- EO processes are applied current density, pH, and electrolysis time. The results were evaluated based on the interaction effects of operating parameters of the treatment methods on the percentage of COD, TOC, and color removal. The EC process achieved 89% color and 76% COD removal rate at the optimum operating conditions. Likewise, the hybrid EC-EO process obtained 97% COD and color removal efficiency. FT-IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy combined approach was employed to analyze the dye degradation extent. Both analysis results confirm the complete degradation of the organic contaminants into carbon dioxide and water. Thus, this study discloses that the treatment method using mesh IrO2/Ti electrodes is a promising technology that could reach the discharge limit for industrial effluents. In addition, the optimum operating conditions are tested for real industrial wastewater effluents and show excellent performance in removing pollutants. Furthermore, the treatment method's mineralization study and economic analysis were performed and compared to other studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yemane G Asfaha
- Africa Center of Excellence for Water Management, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Feleke Zewge
- Africa Center of Excellence for Water Management, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Teketel Yohannes
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Shimelis Kebede
- School of Chemical and Bio-Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yang C, Jin X, Hu S, Guo Y, Qian Z, Jin P. Enhanced removal of organics and ammonia by a composite anode in the electrochemically assisted ozonation (EAO) processes with reduced sludge and alleviated passivation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
38
|
On the specific limitations of titanium electrodes in the electrocoagulation process. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
39
|
Yasri N, Nightingale M, Cleland KJ, Roberts EPL. The impact of a magnetic field on electrode fouling during electrocoagulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135207. [PMID: 35667507 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) in water treatment encounters several challenges, such as electrode fouling and passivation, especially when the effluent has a complex composition, such as produced water in the oil and gas industry. In this study, the effectiveness of applying an external magnetic field during EC with aluminum anodes (Al-EC) or mild steel anodes (Fe-EC) was investigated for the first time for the removal of inorganic contaminants (including silica, calcium, magnesium, and sulfide) from synthetic and field samples of produced waters. For Al-EC, the presence of a magnetic field perpendicular to the electric field was found to enhance the treatment performance and mitigate the fouling formation on the electrode surface. Chronoamperometric investigations indicated that the application of MF in Al-EC enhances the current density and reduces the time to form a fouling layer on the electrode. In contrast, with Fe-EC, the presence of the magnetic field increased the rate of fouling on the electrodes. Potentiodynamic and kinetic investigations indicate that the magnetic field improves mass transfer via Kelvin force and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects with no impact on the type of kinetic model, while the change in the spin states of the accumulated species has a negligible impact on reducing the fouling. The resistivity of the accumulated fouling layer (δRF) was found to reduce by around 23% due to a magnetic field of 0.158 T. Although increasing the strength of the applied MF increases the mass transfer, the effect is not linear. The results indicate that applying a magnetic field in Al-EC can be an effective method to mitigate fouling during water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nael Yasri
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | | | - Keith J Cleland
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Edward P L Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Alkhadra M, Su X, Suss ME, Tian H, Guyes EN, Shocron AN, Conforti KM, de Souza JP, Kim N, Tedesco M, Khoiruddin K, Wenten IG, Santiago JG, Hatton TA, Bazant MZ. Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13547-13635. [PMID: 35904408 PMCID: PMC9413246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water pollution is exacerbated by the decreasing ability of traditional treatment methods to comply with tightening environmental standards. This review provides a comprehensive description of the principles and applications of electrochemical methods for water purification, ion separations, and energy conversion. Electrochemical methods have attractive features such as compact size, chemical selectivity, broad applicability, and reduced generation of secondary waste. Perhaps the greatest advantage of electrochemical methods, however, is that they remove contaminants directly from the water, while other technologies extract the water from the contaminants, which enables efficient removal of trace pollutants. The review begins with an overview of conventional electrochemical methods, which drive chemical or physical transformations via Faradaic reactions at electrodes, and proceeds to a detailed examination of the two primary mechanisms by which contaminants are separated in nondestructive electrochemical processes, namely electrokinetics and electrosorption. In these sections, special attention is given to emerging methods, such as shock electrodialysis and Faradaic electrosorption. Given the importance of generating clean, renewable energy, which may sometimes be combined with water purification, the review also discusses inverse methods of electrochemical energy conversion based on reverse electrosorption, electrowetting, and electrokinetic phenomena. The review concludes with a discussion of technology comparisons, remaining challenges, and potential innovations for the field such as process intensification and technoeconomic optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
A. Alkhadra
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew E. Suss
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel,Wolfson
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel,Nancy
and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Huanhuan Tian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric N. Guyes
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Amit N. Shocron
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Kameron M. Conforti
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - J. Pedro de Souza
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nayeong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michele Tedesco
- European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Wetsus, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Khoiruddin Khoiruddin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia,Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - I Gede Wenten
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia,Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Juan G. Santiago
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Z. Bazant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States,Department
of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yang C, Zhang L, Hu S, Diao Y, Jin X, Jin P, Chen C, Wu X, Wang XC. Electro-dissolved ozone flotation (E-DOF) integrated anoxic/oxic membrane reactor for leachate treatment from a waste transfer station. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:55803-55815. [PMID: 35320482 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With high organics and ammonia, leachate from waste transfer stations (WTSs) is among the most complex wastewater that cannot be easily disposed by signal biological processes. In this study, an electro-dissolved ozone flotation (E-DOF) was established, in which dissolved ozone flotation (DOF) and electro-coagulation (EC) occurred concurrently in one unit and integrated with anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor (A/O-MBR) to dispose leachate from a WTS. In the integrated reactor, E-DOF acted as pretreatment and advanced treatment unit. A/O-MBR acted as secondary treatment unit. The E-DOF pretreatment achieved 34.48% COD and 16.96% NH3-N removal efficiency through synergistic effect between EC and DOF. BOD5/COD of leachate was increased from 0.32 to 0.51 after E-DOF pretreatment, indicating the enhancement of biodegradability. Molecular weight distribution (MWD) and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) analysis demonstrate that the reduction of molecular weight and elimination of refractory organics through EC, ozone, and their interacted product (•OH) are attributed to biodegradability enhancement in lechate. Microbial community analysis proved that chemoheterotrophy and oxic chemoheterotrophy functions, mainly provided by Truepera, Aquamicrobium, Saprospiraceae, and Lentimicrobiaceae, ensured the efficient degradation of organic in the secondary processes. E-DOF advanced treatment effectively disposed residual contaminant in MBR effluent. The E-DOF advanced treatment mainly disposed residual contaminant in MBR effluent. High removal efficiency of COD (98.59 ± 0.27%), NH3-N (95.59 ± 0.50%), TN (95.37 ± 0.73%), and TP (96.75 ± 1.66%) were observed in the integrated reactor, and final effluent met the discharge standards for inclusion in the sewage pipe network in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shiyi Hu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yue Diao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pengkang Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi Province, China.
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Chong Chen
- Jiang Su Yong Guan Water and Wastewater Equipment Co. Ltd, Jiangsu Province, Xu'zhou, 221100, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Jiang Su Yong Guan Water and Wastewater Equipment Co. Ltd, Jiangsu Province, Xu'zhou, 221100, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nasrullah M, Ansar S, Krishnan S, Singh L, Peera SG, Zularisam AW. Electrocoagulation treatment of raw palm oil mill effluent: Optimization process using high current application. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134387. [PMID: 35339529 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the electrocoagulation wastewater treatment process, extremely polluted water treatment requires an effective technique, and using high current is one of those. This study aims to optimize electrocoagulation parameters such as operation time, electrodes gap and the initial pH by applying high current intensity to treat palm oil mill effluent (POME) via Box-Behnken design (BBD) method. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and suspended solids (SS) were used as the response variables in the quadratic polynomial model. Most of the selected models in the analysis of variance (ANOVA) have shown significant results. A high connection between the parameters and dependent variables was surprisingly discovered in this study which the obtained value of R2 for removal percentage of COD, BOD and SS were 0.9975, 0.9984 and 0.9979 respectively. Optimal removal was achieved at 19.07 A of current intensity (equivalent to 542 mA/cm2 of current density), 44.97 min of treatment time, 8.60 mm of inter-electrode distance and 4.37 of pH value, resulted in 97.21%, 99.26% and 99.00% of COD, BOD and SS removal respectively. This optimized scheme of operating parameters combination offers an alternate choice for enhancing the treatment efficiency of POME and also can be a benchmark for other researchers to treat highly polluted wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nasrullah
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sabah Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Santhana Krishnan
- PSU Energy Systems Research Institute, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- Energy Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres, Via Premnager, Dehradun 248007, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Shaik Gouse Peera
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42602, Republic of Korea
| | - A W Zularisam
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang F, Meng Y, Chen X, Zhang L, Li G, Shen Z, Wang Y, Cao Y. Effect of nickel-based electrocatalyst size on electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction: A density functional theory study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 615:587-596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
44
|
Bae Y, Crompton NM, Sharma N, Yuan Y, Catalano JG, Giammar DE. Impact of dissolved oxygen and pH on the removal of selenium from water by iron electrocoagulation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 213:118159. [PMID: 35172259 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Removing dissolved selenium (i.e., selenate and selenite) from wastewater is a challenging issue for a range of industries. Iron electrocoagulation can produce Fe(II)-containing solids that can adsorb and chemically reduce dissolved Se. In a series of bench-scale experiments we investigated the effects of dissolved oxygen (fully oxic, partially oxic, and strictly anoxic) and pH (6 and 8) on the rate and extent of dissolved selenate and selenite removal by iron electrocoagulation. These studies combined measurements of the aqueous phase with the direct characterization of the resulting solids. Among the conditions studied the rate and extent of dissolved selenium (Se) removal were highest at pH 8 and strictly anoxic conditions. X-ray absorption spectroscopy demonstrated that in the absence of oxygen, Se was primarily transformed to elemental selenium (Se0) and selenide. Green rust that formed in the suspension during electrocoagulation played a key role as a reductant and sorbent of Se. At pH 6 dissolved oxygen did not affect the rates and extents of dissolved Se removal. Under all the conditions studied, dissolved Se removal was more effective with iron electrocoagulation than with the direct addition of pre-synthesized green rust or ferrous hydroxide. The most rapid and substantial dissolved Se removal was achieved by freshly-formed green rust and ferrous hydroxide, which are both Fe(II)-bearing solids. With an improved understanding of the products and mechanisms of the process, iron electrocoagulation can be optimized for removal of Se from wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeunook Bae
- Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Brauer Hall, Room 1023, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Nyssa M Crompton
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Chemistry, Joliet Junior College, Joliet, IL 60431, United States
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Brauer Hall, Room 1023, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Yihang Yuan
- Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Brauer Hall, Room 1023, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Jeffrey G Catalano
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Daniel E Giammar
- Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Brauer Hall, Room 1023, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Enhancing the Performance of the Electrocoagulation−Filtration System Treating Mariculture Tailwaters by Using Alternating Pulse Current: Effects of Current Density and Current Conversion Period. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14081181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is an environmentally friendly and effective water treatment technique. It has been recently applied in combination with a filtration process. This study investigated the effects of an alternating pulse current (APC) on the electrodes, treatment efficiency, and energy consumption of an EC−filtration system during the treatment of mariculture tailwaters, from the aspects of current density and current conversion period (CCP), to generate ideas for improving the performance of the system. Results showed that using direct current (DC) would aggravate the electrode passivation, resulting in many white insoluble substances covering the surface of the electrodes. Moreover, the electrode passivation was more intense at a higher current density and longer system operation time (SOT). Significantly, the electrode weight increased by 1546.67 ± 54.50 mg when the system was operated for 90 min under DC at a current density of 45 A/m2. Unlike DC, APC significantly alleviated electrode passivation, enhanced the treatment efficiency, and reduced energy consumption. A shorter CCP produced better results. When the CCP was 1 min, current density was 45 A/m2, and SOT was 10 min, the removal efficiency of the EC−filtration system for total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), and total nitrogen (TN) was 53.55 ± 1.66%, 47.76 ± 0.18%, and 15.55 ± 0.31%, respectively, and the energy consumption was 11.88 × 10−3 kWh/m3.
Collapse
|
46
|
Benguit A, Tiwari B, Drogui P, Landry D. Tertiary treatment of a mixture of composting and landfill leachates using electrochemical processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133379. [PMID: 34958788 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the treatment efficiency of coupled electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) processes for landfill leachate treatment in batch and continuous mode. The EC process (iron anode and graphite cathode) at 18.2 mA/cm2 for 2.5 min resulted in COD, turbidity, total phosphorus, total coliforms and fecal coliforms removal of 58.1, 72.9, 98.5, 97.9, and 97.2% respectively. Under the same operating conditions, the coupled EC/EO (Ti-Pt anode, bipolar iron electrode, and graphite cathode) processes showed that the COD, turbidity, total phosphorus, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms removal of 56.5%, 78.3%, 96.3%, 97.2% and fecal coliforms 72.7%, respectively. The energy costs associated with the EC and EC/EO were 0.11 and 0.25 $/m3, respectively. Compared to the batch configuration, the continuous configuration of EC resulted in similar processing performance. However, the EC/EO process resulted in the production of chlorates, perchlorates, and trihalomethanes as by-products. Moreover, the continuous process slightly increases the pH and ammonia concentration of the leachate and also resulted in the metallic sludge production with an average dryness of 4.2%. The toxicity tests determined that the treated effluent was not toxic to Rainbow trout and Daphnia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alae Benguit
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Bhagyashree Tiwari
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Patrick Drogui
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Dany Landry
- Englobe Company, Englobe Corp., 505 Boul. de Parc Technologique, Québec, QC, G1P 4S7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Combined Electrocoagulation and Physicochemical Treatment of Cork Boiling Wastewater. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cork boiling wastewater (CBW) is a highly polluted and difficult to treat effluent resultant from the cork manufacturing industry. This study aims to evaluate a new, reliable, efficient, and sustainable process to treat this effluent. This paper tested electrocoagulation as a pre- and post-treatment to improve the already existing physicochemical treatment in a cork production facility in Portugal. In the physicochemical procedures (PC), the addition of different volumes of coagulant (ferric chloride (III) 40% w/w), neutralizer (sodium hydroxide, 32% w/w), and flocculant (polyacrylamide, 0.2 g/L) were evaluated. Electrocoagulation (EC) was performed in a bench-scale reactor, using aluminum and stainless-steel electrodes. For EC, different initial pH, current density, and current tension values were tested. When electrocoagulation was used as a post-treatment, better performances were achieved. However, treatment costs were increased significantly. Coagulation/flocculation offers a viable and cheap treatment, achieving removal efficiencies of 88.2%, 81.0%, 76.9%, and 94.2% for total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), respectively. With a PC-EC combination, it is possible to achieve removal efficiencies of 92.4%, 88.0%, 91.4%, and 91.4% for tCOD, TC, TN, and sCOD, respectively. The increased TN removal efficiency can translate into great benefits for certain discharge conditions and should be taken into consideration for improving the sustainability of cork industry. On the other hand, when EC is used as a pre-treatment, there are no benefits either in terms of treatment performance or operating costs.
Collapse
|
48
|
Özyonar F, Korkmaz MU. Sequential use of the electrocoagulation-electrooxidation processes for domestic wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133172. [PMID: 34914950 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the decrease in useable water resources day by day necessitates studies on the protection of resources by treating wastewater. It is also one of the best options for reusing the water to be treated, and electrochemical technologies can be an alternative to existing technologies, because of the easy operation and effectiveness of pollutants treatment. The study evaluated the treatment of domestic wastewater by Electrocoagulation-Electrooxidation successive processes in continuous and batch modes. The effects of the operational parameters on the Electrocoagulation and Electrooxidation processes were determined for removals of chemical oxygen demand, ammonium-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, turbidity, phosphate-phosphorus, nitrite-nitrogen, and Escherichia coli. The experiments revealed that the Electrocoagulation process effectively removed all pollutants but not ammonium-nitrogen. After the Electrocoagulation process was completed, ammonium-nitrogen from domestic wastewater treatment was removed with the Electrooxidation process for further treatment. The optimum operational conditions in the Electrocoagulation process were electrode type iron anode-carbon felt cathode, current density 100 A m-2, initial pH original, and operation time 20 min. Under these conditions, removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, phosphate-phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, and Escherichia coli were found to be 90.2%, 96%, 88.2%, 73.6%, and 97.9%, respectively. The removal efficiencies for the optimum operating conditions of the Electrooxidation process using Ti/SbO2 anode and stainless steel cathode were obtained as 95.4% (chemical oxygen demand), 89.4% (ammonium-nitrogen), and 99.99% (Escherichia coli) at 100 A m-2, 5 mm electrode distance, and 30 min operation time. Finally, the EC process is an effective process for removing chemical oxygen demand, phosphate-phosphorus, turbidity, nitrite-nitrogen, and nitrate-nitrogen. However, the Electrooxidation process is a successful process for the treatment of ammonium-nitrogen and Escherichia coli. This research revealed that the sequential processes effectively removed organic, inorganic, and Escherichia coli from domestic wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuat Özyonar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Utku Korkmaz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang H, Bian J, Yang C, Hu Z, Liu F, Zhang C. Removal of tetracycline from livestock wastewater by positive single pulse current electrocoagulation: Mechanism, toxicity assessment and cost evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:151955. [PMID: 34843788 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of veterinary antibiotics has led to the significant problem of contamination of livestock wastewater with significant amount of antibiotics. Electrocoagulation (EC) has become a prominent research topic because of the technique's ability to remove antibiotics from livestock wastewater. However, an urgent solution is needed to reduce the high operating costs associated with the process. Therefore, in this study, we developed a positive single pulse current (PSPC)-EC system to remove tetracycline (TC) from synthetic and actual livestock wastewater. Influential factors were investigated, and the optimal PSPC-EC operating parameters were identified as follows: duty ratio = 60%, pH = 4, electrode spacing = 1 cm, current intensity = 0.2 A, and conductivity = 2 mS cm-1. The mechanism of PSPC-EC was characterised using techniques including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The TC decomposition pathway was proposed based on the generation of its intermediate products. A toxicity estimation software tool (TEST) model was used to evaluate the toxicity of TC and its main degradation products, and most of its intermediates were found to be less toxic than TC. The contribution ratios of floc adsorption and electrochemical oxidation for removing TC were 74.17% and 21.48%, respectively. The highest TC removal rate reached 95% with an operating cost of 0.011 USD/m3. Finally, under the optimum conditions identified, actual livestock wastewater was treated by PSPC-EC. Compared with conventional EC and coagulation treatment techniques that consume electricity and produce pollution, the results indicate that the PSPC-EC technique with changing current operation mode is a more cost-effective and attractive option for removing TC from livestock wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianmin Bian
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chaoge Yang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zichen Hu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130015, China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Chunpeng Zhang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yasri NG, Ingelsson M, Nightingale M, Jaggi A, Dejak M, Kryst K, Oldenburg TBP, Roberts EPL. Investigation of electrode passivation during electrocoagulation treatment with aluminum electrodes for high silica content produced water. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:925-942. [PMID: 35166711 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the main challenges for the implementation of electrocoagulation (EC) in water treatment are fouling and passivation of the electrodes, especially for applications with high contaminant concentrations. For the first time, we investigated in this study the process of fouling mitigation by polarity reversal during the EC treatment of boiler blowdown water from oil-sands produced water, characterized by high silica concentrations (0.5-4 g L-1). This effluent is typically obtained from an evaporative desalination process in oil production industries. Potentiodynamic characterisation was used to study the impact of passivation on the anode dissolution. Although a charge loading of 4,800 C L-1 was found to remove about 98% of silica from a 1 L batch of 4 g L-1 Si solution, fouling reduced the performance significantly to about 40% in consecutive cycles of direct current EC (DC-EC) treatment. Periodic polarity reversal (PR) was found to reduce the amount of electrode fouling. Decreasing the polarity period from 60 to 10 s led to the formation of a soft powdery fouling layer that was easily removed from the electrodes. In contrast, with DC operation, a hard scale deposit was observed. The presence of organics in the field samples did not significantly affect the Si removal, and organics with high levels of oxygen and sulfate groups were preferentially removed. Detailed electrochemical and economic investigations suggest that the process operating at 85 °C achieves 95% silica removal (from an initial concentration of 481 mg L-1) with an electrical energy requirement of 0.52 kWh m-3, based on a charge loading of 1,200 C L-1, an inter-electrode gap of 1.8 cm and a current density of 16 mA cm-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nael G Yasri
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada E-mail:
| | - Markus Ingelsson
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada E-mail:
| | | | - Aprami Jaggi
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Michael Dejak
- Clearpoint Engineered Solutions Inc, Tsawwassen, Canada
| | | | | | - Edward P L Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|