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Yokota M, Osuka K, Ohmichi Y, Ohmichi M, Suzuki C, Aoyama M, Iwami K, Honma S, Miyachi S. Platelet-derived Growth Factor Activates Pericytes in the Microvessels of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Outer Membranes. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2024; 64:50-55. [PMID: 38030262 PMCID: PMC10835575 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2023-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is one of the growth mechanisms of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). Pericytes have been implicated in the capillary sprouting during angiogenesis and are involved in brain ischemia and diabetic retinopathy. This study examined the pericyte expressions in CSDH outer membranes obtained during trepanation surgery. Eight samples of CSDH outer membranes and 35 samples of CSDH fluid were included. NG2, N-cadherin, VE-cadherin, Tie-2, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor-β (PDGFR-β), a well-known marker of pericytes, phosphorylated PDGFR-β at Tyr751, and β-actin expressions, were examined using western blot analysis. PDGFR-β, N-cadherin, and Tie-2 expression levels were also examined using immunohistochemistry. The concentrations of PDGF-BB in CSDH fluid samples were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. NG2, N-cadherin, VE-cadherin, Tie-2, eNOS, PDGFR-β, and eNOS expressions in CSDH outer membranes were confirmed in all cases. Furthermore, phosphorylated PDGFR-β at Tyr751 was also detected. In addition, PDGFR-β, N-cadherin, and Tie-2 expressions were localized to the endothelial cells of the vessels within CSDH outer membranes by immunohistochemistry. The concentration of PDGF-BB in CSDH fluids was significantly higher than that in cerebrospinal fluid. These findings indicate that PDGF activates pericytes in the microvessels of CSDH outer membranes and suggest that pericytes are crucial in CSDH angiogenesis through the PDGF/PDGFR-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Yokota
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University
| | - Koji Osuka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University
| | | | - Mika Ohmichi
- Department of Anatomy II, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Chiharu Suzuki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University
| | - Masahiro Aoyama
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University
| | - Kenichiro Iwami
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University
| | - Satoru Honma
- Department of Anatomy II, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Shigeru Miyachi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University
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Liu Z, Wen G, Huang Y, Dong Y, Wang Z, Alhaskawi A, Zhang S, Wang G, Ye Q, Zhou H, Lu H, Dong M. [ 18F]AlF-NOTA-ADH-1: A new PET molecular radiotracer for imaging of N-cadherin-positive tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1126721. [PMID: 37284201 PMCID: PMC10239968 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1126721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cell adhesion molecule (CAM) N-cadherin has become an important target for tumor therapy. The N-cadherin antagonist, ADH-1, exerts significant antitumor activity against N-cadherin-expressing cancers. Methods In this study, [18F]AlF-NOTA-ADH-1 was radiosynthesized. An in vitro cell binding test was performed, and the biodistribution and micro-PET imaging of the probe targeting N-cadherin were also studied in vivo. Results Radiolabeling of ADH-1 with [18F]AlF achieved a yield of up to 30% (not decay-corrected) with a radiochemical purity of >97%. The cell uptake study showed that Cy3-ADH-1 binds to SW480 cells but weakly binds to BXPC3 cells in the same concentration range. The biodistribution results demonstrated that [18F]AlF-NOTA-ADH-1 had a good tumor/muscle ratio (8.70±2.68) in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor xenografts but a lower tumor/muscle ratio (1.91±0.69) in SW480 tumor xenografts and lowest tumor/muscle ratio (0.96±0.32) in BXPC3 tumor xenografts at 1 h post-injection (p.i.) These findings were in accordance with the immunohistochemistry results. The micro PET imaging results revealed good [18F]AlF-NOTA-ADH-1 tumor uptake in pancreatic cancer PDX xenografts with strong positive N-calcium expression, while lower tumor uptake in SW480 xenografts with positive expression of N-cadherin, and significantly lower tumor uptake in BXPC3 xenografts with low expression of N-cadherin, which was consistent with the biodistribution and immunohistochemistry results. The N-cadherin-specific binding of [18F]AlF-NOTA-ADH-1 was further verified by a blocking experiment involving coinjection of a non radiolabeled ADH-1 peptide, resulting in a significant reduction in tumor uptake in PDX xenografts and SW480 tumor. Conclusion [18F]AlF-NOTA-ADH-1 was successfully radiosynthesized, and Cy3-ADH-1 showed favorable N-cadherin-specific targeting ability by in vitro data. The biodistribution and microPET imaging of the probe further showed that [18F]AlF-NOTA-ADH-1 could discern different expressions of N-cadherin in tumors. Collectively, the findings demonstrated the potential of [18F]AlF-NOTA-ADH-1 as a PET imaging probe for non-invasive evaluation of the N-cadherin expression in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanghua Wen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuqiao Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanzhao Dong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zewei Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ahmad Alhaskawi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - GuoLin Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianni Ye
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Rada CC, Yuki K, Ding J, Kuo CJ. Regulation of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Health and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041191. [PMID: 36987582 PMCID: PMC10691497 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit is a dynamic microenvironment with tightly controlled signaling and transport coordinated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A properly functioning BBB allows sufficient movement of ions and macromolecules to meet the high metabolic demand of the central nervous system (CNS), while protecting the brain from pathogenic and noxious insults. This review describes the main cell types comprising the BBB and unique molecular signatures of these cells. Additionally, major signaling pathways for BBB development and maintenance are highlighted. Finally, we describe the pathophysiology of BBB diseases, their relationship to barrier dysfunction, and identify avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara C Rada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kanako Yuki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Abdelazim H, Payne LB, Nolan K, Paralkar K, Bradley V, Kanodia R, Gude R, Ward R, Monavarfeshani A, Fox MA, Chappell JC. Pericyte heterogeneity identified by 3D ultrastructural analysis of the microvessel wall. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1016382. [PMID: 36589416 PMCID: PMC9800988 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1016382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Confident identification of pericytes (PCs) remains an obstacle in the field, as a single molecular marker for these unique perivascular cells remains elusive. Adding to this challenge is the recent appreciation that PC populations may be heterogeneous, displaying a range of morphologies within capillary networks. We found additional support on the ultrastructural level for the classification of these PC subtypes-"thin-strand" (TSP), mesh (MP), and ensheathing (EP)-based on distinct morphological characteristics. Interestingly, we also found several examples of another cell type, likely a vascular smooth muscle cell, in a medial layer between endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes (PCs) harboring characteristics of the ensheathing type. A conserved feature across the different PC subtypes was the presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the vascular unit and distributed in between neighboring cells. The thickness of this vascular basement membrane was remarkably consistent depending on its location, but never strayed beyond a range of 150-300 nm unless thinned to facilitate closer proximity of neighboring cells (suggesting direct contact). The density of PC-EC contact points ("peg-and-socket" structures) was another distinguishing feature across the different PC subtypes, as were the apparent contact locations between vascular cells and brain parenchymal cells. In addition to this thinning, the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding EPs displayed another unique configuration in the form of extensions that emitted out radially into the surrounding parenchyma. Knowledge of the origin and function of these structures is still emerging, but their appearance suggests the potential for being mechanical elements and/or perhaps signaling nodes via embedded molecular cues. Overall, this unique ultrastructural perspective provides new insights into PC heterogeneity and the presence of medial cells within the microvessel wall, the consideration of extracellular matrix (ECM) coverage as another PC identification criteria, and unique extracellular matrix (ECM) configurations (i.e., radial extensions) that may reveal additional aspects of PC heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Abdelazim
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States,FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Laura Beth Payne
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States,FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Kyle Nolan
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Karan Paralkar
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Vanessa Bradley
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Ronak Kanodia
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Rosalie Gude
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Rachael Ward
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Aboozar Monavarfeshani
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Michael A. Fox
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States,FBRI Center for Neurobiology, Roanoke, VA, United States,School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - John C. Chappell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States,FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA, United States,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States,*Correspondence: John C. Chappell,
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Smith BC, Tinkey RA, Shaw BC, Williams JL. Targetability of the neurovascular unit in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. Immunol Rev 2022; 311:39-49. [PMID: 35909222 PMCID: PMC9489669 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a selectively permeable barrier separating the periphery from the central nervous system (CNS). The BBB restricts the flow of most material into and out of the CNS, including many drugs that could be used as potent therapies. BBB permeability is modulated by several cells that are collectively called the neurovascular unit (NVU). The NVU consists of specialized CNS endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. CNS ECs maintain a complex "seal" via tight junctions, forming the BBB; breakdown of these tight junctions leads to BBB disruption. Pericytes control the vascular flow within capillaries and help maintain the basal lamina. Astrocytes control much of the flow of material that has moved beyond the CNS EC layer and can form a secondary barrier under inflammatory conditions. Microglia survey the border of the NVU for noxious material. Neuronal activity also plays a role in the maintenance of the BBB. Since astrocytes, pericytes, microglia, and neurons are all able to modulate the permeability of the BBB, understating the complex contributions of each member of the NVU will potentially uncover novel and effective methods for delivery of neurotherapies to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C. Smith
- Department of NeurosciencesLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA,Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Rachel A. Tinkey
- Department of NeurosciencesLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA,School of Biomedical SciencesKent State UniversityKentOhioUSA
| | - Benjamin C. Shaw
- Department of NeurosciencesLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jessica L. Williams
- Department of NeurosciencesLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA,Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State UniversityKentOhioUSA
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Zhang MX, Song Y, Xu WL, Zhang LX, Li C, Li YL. Natural Herbal Medicine as a Treatment Strategy for Myocardial Infarction through the Regulation of Angiogenesis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:8831750. [PMID: 35600953 PMCID: PMC9119779 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8831750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Methods We conducted a literature search on the bioactive components of medicinal plants and their effects on angiogenesis after MI. We searched for articles in Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases before April 2021. Results In this article, we summarized the mechanisms by which copper ions, microRNA, Akt1, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondria, and pericytes are involved in angiogenesis after myocardial infarction. In addition, we reviewed the angiogenic effects of natural herbal medicines such as Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Bunge, Carthamus tinctorius L., Pueraria lobata, Astragalus, Panax ginseng C.A. Mey., Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen, Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl, Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC., Leonurus japonicus Houtt, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi., and Geum macrophyllum Willd. Conclusions Some herbs have the effect of promoting angiogenesis. In the future, natural proangiogenic drugs may become candidates for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-xin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yu Song
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Wan-li Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ling-xiao Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yun-lun Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
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7
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Beth Payne L, Tewari BP, Dunkenberger L, Bond S, Savelli A, Darden J, Zhao H, Willi C, Kanodia R, Gude R, Powell MD, Oestreich KJ, Sontheimer H, Dal-Pra S, Chappell JC. Pericyte Progenitor Coupling to the Emerging Endothelium During Vasculogenesis via Connexin 43. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e96-e114. [PMID: 35139658 PMCID: PMC8957572 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular pericytes stabilize blood vessels and contribute to their maturation, while playing other key roles in microvascular function. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about involvement of their precursors in the earliest stages of vascular development, specifically during vasculogenesis. METHODS We combined high-power, time-lapse imaging with transcriptional profiling of emerging pericytes and endothelial cells in reporter mouse and cell lines. We also analyzed conditional transgenic animals deficient in Cx43/Gja1 (connexin 43/gap junction alpha-1) expression within Ng2+ cells. RESULTS A subset of Ng2-DsRed+ cells, likely pericyte/mural cell precursors, arose alongside endothelial cell differentiation and organization and physically engaged vasculogenic endothelium in vivo and in vitro. We found no overlap between this population of differentiating pericyte/mural progenitors and other lineages including hemangiogenic and neuronal/glial cell types. We also observed cell-cell coupling and identified Cx43-based gap junctions contributing to pericyte-endothelial cell precursor communication during vascular assembly. Genetic loss of Cx43/Gja1 in Ng2+ pericyte progenitors compromised embryonic blood vessel formation in a subset of animals, while surviving mutants displayed little-to-no vessel abnormalities, suggesting a resilience to Cx43/Gja1 loss in Ng2+ cells or potential compensation by additional connexin isoforms. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data suggest that a distinct pericyte lineage emerges alongside vasculogenesis and directly communicates with the nascent endothelium via Cx43 during early vessel formation. Cx43/Gja1 loss in pericyte/mural cell progenitors can induce embryonic vessel dysmorphogenesis, but alternate connexin isoforms may be able to compensate. These data provide insight that may reshape the current framework of vascular development and may also inform tissue revascularization/vascularization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beth Payne
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Bhanu P. Tewari
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Logan Dunkenberger
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Samantha Bond
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Alyssa Savelli
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Jordan Darden
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Huaning Zhao
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Caroline Willi
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Ronak Kanodia
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Rosalie Gude
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Michael D. Powell
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Oestreich
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Sophie Dal-Pra
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John C. Chappell
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Suo L, Liu C, Zhang QY, Yao MD, Ma Y, Yao J, Jiang Q, Yan B. METTL3-mediated N 6-methyladenosine modification governs pericyte dysfunction during diabetes-induced retinal vascular complication. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:277-289. [PMID: 34987645 PMCID: PMC8690932 DOI: 10.7150/thno.63441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Microvascular complication is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among the patients with diabetes. Pericyte dysfunction is the predominant pathological manifestation of microvascular complication. N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) serves as the most prevalent modification in eukaryotic mRNAs. However, the role of m6A RNA modification in pericyte dysfunction is still unclear. Methods: Quantitative polymerase chain reactions and western blots were conducted to detect the change of m6A RNA modification in pericytes and mouse retinas following diabetic stress. MTT assay, transwell migration assay, caspase 3/7 activity assay, calcein-AM/propidium iodide (PI) staining, and TUNEL staining were conducted to determine the role of METTL3 in pericyte biology in vitro. Retinal trypsin digestion, vascular permeability assay, and IB4-NG2 double immunofluorescent staining were conducted to determine the role of METTL3 in retinal pericyte dysfunction and vascular complication. RNA sequencing, RNA pull-down assays and immunoblots were conducted to clarify the mechanism of METTL3-mediated pericyte dysfunction and vascular complication. Results: The levels of m6A RNA methylation were significantly up-regulated in pericytes and mouse retinas following diabetic stress, which were caused by increased expression of METTL3. METTL3 regulated the viability, proliferation, and differentiation of pericytes in vitro. Specific depletion of METTL3 in pericytes suppressed diabetes-induced pericyte dysfunction and vascular complication in vivo. METTL3 overexpression impaired pericyte function by repressing PKC-η, FAT4, and PDGFRA expression, which was mediated by YTHDF2-dependent mRNA decay. Conclusion: METTL3-mediated m6A methylation epigenetically regulates diabetes-induced pericyte dysfunction. METTL3-YTHDF2-PKC-η/FAT4/PDGFRA signaling axis could be therapeutically targeted for treating microvascular complications.
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Ye C, Liang Y, Chen Y, Xiong Y, She Y, Zhong X, Chen H, Huang M. Berberine Improves Cognitive Impairment by Simultaneously Impacting Cerebral Blood Flow and β-Amyloid Accumulation in an APP/tau/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051161. [PMID: 34064687 PMCID: PMC8150323 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by β-amyloid (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles, and neuron cell death, and is one of the most commonly occurring diseases among the elderly. The pathology of AD is complex, involving Aβ overproduction and accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuronal loss. In addition, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is ubiquitous in the AD patients and plans a pivotal role in triggering and exacerbating the pathophysiological progress of AD. The goal of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective properties of berberine (BBR) and the underlying mechanism. During the study, BBR was administrated to treat the triple-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (3×Tg AD). To thoroughly evaluate the effects of the BBR administration, multiple manners were utilized, for instance, 3D arterial spin labeling technique, Morris water maze assay, immunofluorescence staining, TUNEL assay, laser speckle contrast imaging, western blotting, etc. The results showed that BBR ameliorated cognitive deficits in 3×Tg AD mice, reduced the Aβ accumulation, inhibited the apoptosis of neurons, promoted the formation of microvessels in the mouse brain by enhancing brain CD31, VEGF, N-cadherin, Ang-1. The new vessels promoted by BBR were observed to have a complete structure and perfect function, which in turn promoted the recovery of cerebral blood flow (CBF). In general, berberine is effective to 3×Tg AD mice, has a neuroprotective effect, and is a candidate drug for the multi-target prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Ye
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yubin Liang
- Department of Neurology, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000, China;
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yingfang She
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaochun Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hongda Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (C.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.S.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (M.H.)
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10
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Weber P, Baltus D, Jatho A, Drews O, Zelarayan LC, Wieland T, Lutz S. RhoGEF17-An Essential Regulator of Endothelial Cell Death and Growth. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040741. [PMID: 33801779 PMCID: PMC8067313 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor RhoGEF17 was described to reside in adherens junctions (AJ) in endothelial cells (EC) and to play a critical role in the regulation of cell adhesion and barrier function. The purpose of this study was to analyze signal cascades and processes occurring subsequent to AJ disruption induced by RhoGEF17 knockdown. Primary human and immortalized rat EC were used to demonstrate that an adenoviral-mediated knockdown of RhoGEF17 resulted in cell rounding and an impairment in spheroid formation due to an enhanced proteasomal degradation of AJ components. In contrast, β-catenin degradation was impaired, which resulted in an induction of the β-catenin-target genes cyclin D1 and survivin. RhoGEF17 depletion additionally inhibited cell adhesion and sheet migration. The RhoGEF17 knockdown prevented the cells with impeded cell–cell and cell–matrix contacts from apoptosis, which was in line with a reduction in pro-caspase 3 expression and an increase in Akt phosphorylation. Nevertheless, the cells were not able to proliferate as a cell cycle block occurred. In summary, we demonstrate that a loss of RhoGEF17 disturbs cell–cell and cell–substrate interaction in EC. Moreover, it prevents the EC from cell death and blocks cell proliferation. Non-canonical β-catenin signaling and Akt activation could be identified as a potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamina Weber
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim (EPM), European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (P.W.); (D.B.)
| | - Doris Baltus
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim (EPM), European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (P.W.); (D.B.)
| | - Aline Jatho
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.J.); (L.C.Z.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Drews
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Laura C. Zelarayan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.J.); (L.C.Z.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim (EPM), European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (P.W.); (D.B.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Susanne Lutz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.J.); (L.C.Z.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (S.L.)
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11
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Grimsley-Myers CM, Isaacson RH, Cadwell CM, Campos J, Hernandes MS, Myers KR, Seo T, Giang W, Griendling KK, Kowalczyk AP. VE-cadherin endocytosis controls vascular integrity and patterning during development. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151601. [PMID: 32232465 PMCID: PMC7199849 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201909081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis requires dynamic intercellular contacts that are subsequently stabilized as tissues mature. The mechanisms governing these competing adhesive properties are not fully understood. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we tested the role of p120-catenin (p120) and VE-cadherin (VE-cad) endocytosis in vascular development using mouse mutants that exhibit increased (VE-cadGGG/GGG) or decreased (VE-cadDEE/DEE) internalization. VE-cadGGG/GGG mutant mice exhibited reduced VE-cad-p120 binding, reduced VE-cad levels, microvascular hemorrhaging, and decreased survival. By contrast, VE-cadDEE/DEE mutants exhibited normal vascular permeability but displayed microvascular patterning defects. Interestingly, VE-cadDEE/DEE mutant mice did not require endothelial p120, demonstrating that p120 is dispensable in the context of a stabilized cadherin. In vitro, VE-cadDEE mutant cells displayed defects in polarization and cell migration that were rescued by uncoupling VE-cadDEE from actin. These results indicate that cadherin endocytosis coordinates cell polarity and migration cues through actin remodeling. Collectively, our results indicate that regulated cadherin endocytosis is essential for both dynamic cell movements and establishment of stable tissue architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin H Isaacson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Chantel M Cadwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jazmin Campos
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Marina S Hernandes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kenneth R Myers
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Tadahiko Seo
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - William Giang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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12
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Werner AC, Weckbach LT, Salvermoser M, Pitter B, Cao J, Maier-Begandt D, Forné I, Schnittler HJ, Walzog B, Montanez E. Coronin 1B Controls Endothelial Actin Dynamics at Cell-Cell Junctions and Is Required for Endothelial Network Assembly. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:708. [PMID: 32850828 PMCID: PMC7411154 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Development and homeostasis of blood vessels critically depend on the regulation of endothelial cell–cell junctions. VE-cadherin (VEcad)-based cell–cell junctions are connected to the actin cytoskeleton and regulated by actin-binding proteins. Coronin 1B (Coro1B) is an actin binding protein that controls actin networks at classical lamellipodia. The role of Coro1B in endothelial cells (ECs) is not fully understood and investigated in this study. Here, we demonstrate that Coro1B is a novel component and regulator of cell–cell junctions in ECs. Immunofluorescence studies show that Coro1B colocalizes with VEcad at cell–cell junctions in monolayers of ECs. Live-cell imaging reveals that Coro1B is recruited to, and operated at actin-driven membrane protrusions at cell–cell junctions. Coro1B is recruited to cell–cell junctions via a mechanism that requires the relaxation of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. By analyzing the Coro1B interactome, we identify integrin-linked kinase (ILK) as new Coro1B-associated protein. Coro1B colocalizes with α-parvin, an interactor of ILK, at the leading edge of lamellipodia protrusions. Functional experiments reveal that depletion of Coro1B causes defects in the actin cytoskeleton and cell–cell junctions. Finally, in matrigel tube network assays, depletion of Coro1B results in reduced network complexity, tube number and tube length. Together, our findings point toward a critical role for Coro1B in the dynamic remodeling of endothelial cell–cell junctions and the assembly of endothelial networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Cathrin Werner
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig T Weckbach
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik I, Klinikum Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Salvermoser
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Pitter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jiahui Cao
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniela Maier-Begandt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ignasi Forné
- Protein Analysis Unit, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eloi Montanez
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Mrozik KM, Cheong CM, Hewett DR, Noll JE, Opperman KS, Adwal A, Russell DL, Blaschuk OW, Vandyke K, Zannettino ACW. LCRF-0006, a small molecule mimetic of the N-cadherin antagonist peptide ADH-1, synergistically increases multiple myeloma response to bortezomib. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:339-353. [PMID: 32617520 PMCID: PMC7325588 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-cadherin is a homophilic cell-cell adhesion molecule that plays a critical role in maintaining vascular stability and modulating endothelial barrier permeability. Pre-clinical studies have shown that the N-cadherin antagonist peptide, ADH-1, increases the permeability of tumor-associated vasculature thereby increasing anti-cancer drug delivery to tumors and enhancing tumor response. Small molecule library screens have identified a novel compound, LCRF-0006, that is a mimetic of the classical cadherin His-Ala-Val sequence-containing region of ADH-1. Here, we evaluated the vascular permeability-enhancing and anti-cancer properties of LCRF-0006 using in vitro vascular disruption and cell apoptosis assays, and a well-established pre-clinical model (C57BL/KaLwRij/5TGM1) of the hematological cancer multiple myeloma (MM). We found that LCRF-0006 disrupted endothelial cell junctions in a rapid, transient and reversible manner, and increased vascular permeability in vitro and at sites of MM tumor in vivo. Notably, LCRF-0006 synergistically increased the in vivo anti-MM tumor response to low-dose bortezomib, a frontline anti-MM agent, leading to regression of disease in 100% of mice. Moreover, LCRF-0006 and bortezomib synergistically induced 5TGM1 MM tumor cell apoptosis in vitro. Our findings demonstrate the potential clinical utility of LCRF-0006 to significantly increase bortezomib effectiveness and enhance the depth of tumor response in patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M. Mrozik
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Chee M. Cheong
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Duncan R. Hewett
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Jacqueline E. Noll
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Khatora S. Opperman
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Alaknanda Adwal
- Ovarian and Reproductive Cancer Biology LaboratoryRobinson Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Darryl L. Russell
- Ovarian and Reproductive Cancer Biology LaboratoryRobinson Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Orest W. Blaschuk
- Division of UrologyDepartment of SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Andrew C. W. Zannettino
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
- Central Adelaide Local Health NetworkAdelaideAustralia
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14
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Iendaltseva O, Orlova VV, Mummery CL, Danen EHJ, Schmidt T. Fibronectin Patches as Anchoring Points for Force Sensing and Transmission in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Pericytes. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:1107-1122. [PMID: 32470326 PMCID: PMC7355144 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs) have been reported to contribute to the mechanoregulation of the capillary diameter and blood flow in health and disease. How this is realized remains poorly understood. We designed several models representing basement membrane (BM) in between PCs and endothelial cells (ECs). These models captured a unique protein organization with micron-sized FN patches surrounded by laminin (LM) and allowed to obtain quantitative information on PC morphology and contractility. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived PCs, we could address mechanical aspects of mid-capillary PC behavior in vitro. Our results showed that PCs strongly prefer FN patches over LM for adhesion formation, have an optimal stiffness for spreading in the range of EC rigidity, and react in a non-canonical way with increased traction forces and reduced spreading on other stiffness then the optimal. Our approach opens possibilities to further study PC force regulation under well-controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Iendaltseva
- Physics of Life Processes, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, South Holland 2333 CC, the Netherlands; Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, South Holland 2333 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Valeria V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, South Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, South Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Erik H J Danen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, South Holland 2333 CC, the Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, South Holland 2333 CC, the Netherlands.
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15
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Sugihara K, Sasaki S, Uemura A, Kidoaki S, Miura T. Mechanisms of endothelial cell coverage by pericytes: computational modelling of cell wrapping and in vitro experiments. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20190739. [PMID: 31992164 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs) wrap around endothelial cells (ECs) and perform diverse functions in physiological and pathological processes. Although molecular interactions between ECs and PCs have been extensively studied, the morphological processes at the cellular level and their underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. In this study, using a simple cellular Potts model, we explored the mechanisms for EC wrapping by PCs. Based on the observed in vitro cell wrapping in three-dimensional PC-EC coculture, the model identified four putative contributing factors: preferential adhesion of PCs to the extracellular matrix (ECM), strong cell-cell adhesion, PC surface softness and larger PC size. While cell-cell adhesion can contribute to the prevention of cell segregation and the degree of cell wrapping, it cannot determine the orientation of cell wrapping alone. While atomic force microscopy revealed that PCs have a larger Young's modulus than ECs, the experimental analyses supported preferential ECM adhesion and size asymmetry. We also formulated the corresponding energy minimization problem and numerically solved this problem for specific cases. These results give biological insights into the role of PC-ECM adhesion in PC coverage. The modelling framework presented here should also be applicable to other cell wrapping phenomena observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sugihara
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Sasaki
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Retinal Vascular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Kidoaki
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
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16
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Tjakra M, Wang Y, Vania V, Hou Z, Durkan C, Wang N, Wang G. Overview of Crosstalk Between Multiple Factor of Transcytosis in Blood Brain Barrier. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1436. [PMID: 32038141 PMCID: PMC6990130 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood brain barrier (BBB) conserves unique regulatory system to maintain barrier tightness while allowing adequate transport between neurovascular units. This mechanism possess a challenge for drug delivery, while abnormality may result in pathogenesis. Communication between vascular and neural system is mediated through paracellular and transcellular (transcytosis) pathway. Transcytosis itself showed dependency with various components, focusing on caveolae-mediated. Among several factors, intense communication between endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes is the key for a normal development. Regulatory signaling pathway such as VEGF, Notch, S1P, PDGFβ, Ang/Tie, and TGF-β showed interaction with the transcytosis steps. Recent discoveries showed exploration of various factors which has been proven to interact with one of the process of transcytosis, either endocytosis, endosomal rearrangement, or exocytosis. As well as providing a hypothetical regulatory pathway between each factors, specifically miRNA, mechanical stress, various cytokines, physicochemical, basement membrane and junctions remodeling, and crosstalk between developmental regulatory pathways. Finally, various hypotheses and probable crosstalk between each factors will be expressed, to point out relevant research application (Drug therapy design and BBB-on-a-chip) and unexplored terrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tjakra
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yeqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Vicki Vania
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengjun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Colm Durkan
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nan Wang
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Payne LB, Zhao H, James CC, Darden J, McGuire D, Taylor S, Smyth JW, Chappell JC. The pericyte microenvironment during vascular development. Microcirculation 2019; 26:e12554. [PMID: 31066166 PMCID: PMC6834874 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular pericytes provide critical contributions to the formation and integrity of the blood vessel wall within the microcirculation. Pericytes maintain vascular stability and homeostasis by promoting endothelial cell junctions and depositing extracellular matrix (ECM) components within the vascular basement membrane, among other vital functions. As their importance in sustaining microvessel health within various tissues and organs continues to emerge, so does their role in a number of pathological conditions including cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and neurological disorders. Here, we review vascular pericyte contributions to the development and remodeling of the microcirculation, with a focus on the local microenvironment during these processes. We discuss observations of their earliest involvement in vascular development and essential cues for their recruitment to the remodeling endothelium. Pericyte involvement in the angiogenic sprouting context is also considered with specific attention to crosstalk with endothelial cells such as through signaling regulation and ECM deposition. We also address specific aspects of the collective cell migration and dynamic interactions between pericytes and endothelial cells during angiogenic sprouting. Lastly, we discuss pericyte contributions to mechanisms underlying the transition from active vessel remodeling to the maturation and quiescence phase of vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beth Payne
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Huaning Zhao
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic State Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Carissa C. James
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jordan Darden
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - David McGuire
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - James W. Smyth
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Virginia Polytechnic State Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - John C. Chappell
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic State Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
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18
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Priyadarshini CS, Balaji T, Kumar JA, Subramanian M, Sundaramurthi I, Meera M. Chlorpyrifos and its metabolite modulates angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryo. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 31:jbcpp-2019-0041. [PMID: 31622248 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate insecticide, acaricide, and miticide used primarily to control foliage and soilborne insect pests on a variety of food and feed crops. Since trace amounts of these compounds are found in water and food products, they easily enter into the organ system unnoticed. In the same way, the compound or its metabolite gets transmitted from the parent to the embryo mainly through blood vessels. Since blood vessels form the major route of transport, it is pertinent to study the effect of these compounds during angiogenesis. The effect of CPF and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) on the angiogenesis of chick embryo was evaluated in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) using an ex vivo model. Methods Nine-day-old incubated eggs where inoculated with various doses of CPF and TCPy. After 48 h of incubation, the CAM layers were retrieved and analyzed using angiogenesis software to obtain the density of blood vessels. Histomorphometric studies were performed to measure the thickness of vessel walls. The expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, and N-cadherin genes responsible for angiogenesis were analyzed. Results The exposure to the parent compound CPF and its metabolite TCPy promoted angiogenesis in groups administered with lower concentration of the pesticide and its metabolite, whereas a decline in angiogenesis was observed at higher concentrations. These observations were made by analyzing the density, histomorphometry results, and semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results. The density, thickness, and lumen size of blood vessels in the groups with low concentration of CPF and TCPy were 28.34, 9 μm, and 30 μm, respectively, whereas in the groups with higher CPF and TCPy concentrations, they were 12, 3 μm, and 9 μm, respectively. Conclusions Hence, CPF and its metabolites interfere with angiogenesis in the CAM of chick embryos. Because of their estrogen-mimicking ability, pesticides are the prime etiological suspects of increasing alteration in blood vessel formation. These results may be of help in future studies on the effect of CPF in embryonic growth, wound healing, diabetes, and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Swathi Priyadarshini
- Department of Anatomy, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thotakura Balaji
- Department of Anatomy, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India, Mobile: +91 7358449857
| | - Jyothi Ashok Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manickam Subramanian
- Department of Anatomy, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Indumathi Sundaramurthi
- Department of Anatomy, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Meera
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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Wang Q, Wei J, Shi Y. Platelet microvesicles promote the recovery of neurological function in mouse model of cerebral infarction by inducing angiogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:997-1004. [PMID: 31005253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of PMVs on mice with ischemic cerebral infarction and its mechanism. Male C57BL/6 mice were selected, and the right focal cortical infarction model was established via cauterization under a microscope and randomly divided into sham operation (Sham) group, normal saline control (Saline) group and platelet microvesicles intervention (PMVs) group. At 1 h after modeling, 5 μL of PMVs (50 μg/mL) or normal saline was injected into the lateral ventricle. The neurological function of mice in each group was evaluated at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 d after modeling. After 28 d, the cerebral infarction area was detected via 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. At 7 and 28 d after modeling, the blood vessel density, proliferation rate of new vessels and encapsulation rate of pericytes were detected via immunofluorescence staining. Moreover, the changes in cerebral cortical blood flow at the infarction side were detected before modeling and at 7 and 28 d after modeling, respectively. Finally, the expressions of proangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and N-Cadherin were detected via Western blotting at 3, 7 and 28 d after modeling. PMVs could promote the improvement of neurological function and significantly reduce the cerebral infarction volume in mice with cerebral infarction. PMVs promoted proliferation of new vessels and increased blood vessel density at the infarction edge in mice with cerebral infarction. PMVs could increase the encapsulation rate of pericytes at the infarction edge and improve the permeability of blood-brain barrier in mice with cerebral infarction. PMVs could increase the cerebral cortical blood flow perfusion in mice with cerebral infarction. PMVs could increase proangiogenic factors in brain tissues in mice with cerebral infarction. PMVs could significantly improve the recovery of neurological function in mice with cerebral infarction, which is closely related to the ability of PMVs to promote angiogenesis at the infarction edge. The possible mechanism is that PMVs facilitate angiogenesis after cerebral infarction through promoting the expressions of VEGF, Ang-1 and N-Cadherin. More importantly, the new vessels promoted by PMVs have complete structure and perfect function, and can improve the cerebral blood flow perfusion at the infarction side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiachen Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaling Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China.
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20
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Lee LL, Chintalgattu V. Pericytes in the Heart. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1122:187-210. [PMID: 30937870 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11093-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mural cells known as pericytes envelop the endothelial layer of microvessels throughout the body and have been described to have tissue-specific functions. Cardiac pericytes are abundantly found in the heart, but they are relatively understudied. Currently, their importance is emerging in cardiovascular homeostasis and dysfunction due to their pleiotropism. They are known to play key roles in vascular tone and vascular integrity as well as angiogenesis. However, their dysfunctional presence and/or absence is critical in the mechanisms that lead to cardiac pathologies such as myocardial infarction, fibrosis, and thrombosis. Moreover, they are targeted as a therapeutic potential due to their mesenchymal properties that could allow them to repair and regenerate a damaged heart. They are also sought after as a cell-based therapy based on their healing potential in preclinical studies of animal models of myocardial infarction. Therefore, recognizing the importance of cardiac pericytes and understanding their biology will lead to new therapeutic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Lee
- Department of CardioMetabolic Disorders, Amgen Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vishnu Chintalgattu
- Department of CardioMetabolic Disorders, Amgen Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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21
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Kruse K, Lee QS, Sun Y, Klomp J, Yang X, Huang F, Sun MY, Zhao S, Hong Z, Vogel SM, Shin JW, Leckband DE, Tai LM, Malik AB, Komarova YA. N-cadherin signaling via Trio assembles adherens junctions to restrict endothelial permeability. J Cell Biol 2018; 218:299-316. [PMID: 30463880 PMCID: PMC6314553 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201802076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes a role for endothelial N-cadherin in the regulation of endothelial permeability in the brain and lung. N-cadherin adhesions formed between endothelial cells and pericytes increase the abundance of VE-cadherin at adherens junctions through the RhoGEF Trio-dependent activation of RhoA and Rac1. Vascular endothelial (VE)–cadherin forms homotypic adherens junctions (AJs) in the endothelium, whereas N-cadherin forms heterotypic adhesion between endothelial cells and surrounding vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes. Here we addressed the question whether both cadherin adhesion complexes communicate through intracellular signaling and contribute to the integrity of the endothelial barrier. We demonstrated that deletion of N-cadherin (Cdh2) in either endothelial cells or pericytes increases junctional endothelial permeability in lung and brain secondary to reduced accumulation of VE-cadherin at AJs. N-cadherin functions by increasing the rate of VE-cadherin recruitment to AJs and induces the assembly of VE-cadherin junctions. We identified the dual Rac1/RhoA Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Trio as a critical component of the N-cadherin adhesion complex, which activates both Rac1 and RhoA signaling pathways at AJs. Trio GEF1-mediated Rac1 activation induces the recruitment of VE-cadherin to AJs, whereas Trio GEF2-mediated RhoA activation increases intracellular tension and reinforces Rac1 activation to promote assembly of VE-cadherin junctions and thereby establish the characteristic restrictive endothelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kruse
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Quinn S Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeff Klomp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Mitchell Y Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Shuangping Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Zhigang Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Stephen M Vogel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Deborah E Leckband
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Yulia A Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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22
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Sweeney M, Foldes G. It Takes Two: Endothelial-Perivascular Cell Cross-Talk in Vascular Development and Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:154. [PMID: 30425990 PMCID: PMC6218412 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels is a crucial step in the development of any new tissue both during embryogenesis and in vitro models as without sufficient perfusion the tissue will be unable to grow beyond the size where nutrition and oxygenation can be managed by diffusion alone. Endothelial cells are the primary building block of blood vessels and are capable of forming tube like structures independently however they are unable to independently form functional vasculature which is capable of conducting blood flow. This requires support from other structures including supporting perivascular cells and the extracellular matrix. The crosstalk between endothelial cells and perivascular cells is vital in regulating vasculogenesis and angiogenesis and the consequences when this is disrupted can be seen in a variety of congenital and acquired disease states. This review details the mechanisms of vasculogenesis in vivo during embryogenesis and compares this to currently employed in vitro techniques. It also highlights clinical consequences of defects in the endothelial cell-pericyte cross-talk and highlights therapies which are being developed to target this pathway. Improving the understanding of the intricacies of endothelial-pericyte signaling will inform pathophysiology of multiple vascular diseases and allow the development of effective in vitro models to guide drug development and assist with approaches in tissue engineering to develop functional vasculature for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sweeney
- Cardiovascular Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabor Foldes
- Cardiovascular Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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23
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Mrozik KM, Blaschuk OW, Cheong CM, Zannettino ACW, Vandyke K. N-cadherin in cancer metastasis, its emerging role in haematological malignancies and potential as a therapeutic target in cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:939. [PMID: 30285678 PMCID: PMC6167798 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In many types of solid tumours, the aberrant expression of the cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin is a hallmark of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, resulting in the acquisition of an aggressive tumour phenotype. This transition endows tumour cells with the capacity to escape from the confines of the primary tumour and metastasise to secondary sites. In this review, we will discuss how N-cadherin actively promotes the metastatic behaviour of tumour cells, including its involvement in critical signalling pathways which mediate these events. In addition, we will explore the emerging role of N-cadherin in haematological malignancies, including bone marrow homing and microenvironmental protection to anti-cancer agents. Finally, we will discuss the evidence that N-cadherin may be a viable therapeutic target to inhibit cancer metastasis and increase tumour cell sensitivity to existing anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Marek Mrozik
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Chee Man Cheong
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew Christopher William Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. .,Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
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24
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Huxley VH, Kemp SS, Schramm C, Sieveking S, Bingaman S, Yu Y, Zaniletti I, Stockard K, Wang J. Sex differences influencing micro- and macrovascular endothelial phenotype in vitro. J Physiol 2018; 596:3929-3949. [PMID: 29885204 DOI: 10.1113/jp276048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Endothelial dysfunction is an early hallmark of multiple disease states that also display sex differences with respect to age of onset, frequency and severity. Results of in vivo studies of basal and stimulated microvascular barrier function revealed sex differences that are difficult to ascribe to specific cells or environmental factors. The present study evaluated endothelial cells (EC) isolated from macro- and/or microvessels of reproductively mature rats under the controlled conditions of low-passage culture aiming to test the assumption that EC phenotype would be sex independent. The primary finding was that EC, regardless of where they are derived, retain a sex-bias in low-passage culture, independent of varying levels of reproductive hormones. The implications of the present study include the fallacy of expecting a universal set of mechanisms derived from study of EC from one sex and/or one vascular origin to apply uniformly to all EC under unstimulated conditions, and no less in disease. ABSTRACT Vascular endothelial cells (EC) are heterogeneous with respect to phenotype, reflecting at least the organ of origin, location within the vascular network and physical forces. As an independent influence on EC functions in health or aetiology, susceptibility, and progression of dysfunction in numerous disease states, sex has been largely ignored. The present study focussed on EC isolated from aorta (macrovascular) and skeletal muscle vessels (microvascular) of age-matched male and female rats under identical conditions of short-term (passage 4) culture. We tested the hypothesis that genomic sex would not influence endothelial growth, wound healing, morphology, lactate production, or messenger RNA and protein expression of key proteins (sex hormone receptors for androgen and oestrogens α and β; platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular endothelial cadherin mediating barrier function; αv β3 and N-cadherin influencing matrix interactions; intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mediating EC/white cell adhesion). The hypothesis was rejected because the EC origin (macro- vs. microvessel) and sex influenced multiple phenotypic characteristics. Statistical model analysis of EC growth demonstrated an hierarchy of variable importance, recapitulated for other phenotypic characteristics, with predictions assuming EC homogeneity < sex < vessel origin < sex and vessel origin. Furthermore, patterns of EC mRNA expression by vessel origin and by sex did not predict protein expression. Overall, the present study demonstrated that accurate assessment of sex-linked EC dysfunction first requires an understanding of EC function by position in the vascular tree and by sex. The results from a single EC tissue source/species/sex cannot provide universal insight into the mechanisms regulating in vivo endothelial function in health, and no less in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia H Huxley
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Scott S Kemp
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Christine Schramm
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Steve Sieveking
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Susan Bingaman
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Isabella Zaniletti
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Stockard
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jianjie Wang
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
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25
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Sweeney MD, Ayyadurai S, Zlokovic BV. Pericytes of the neurovascular unit: key functions and signaling pathways. Nat Neurosci 2017; 19:771-83. [PMID: 27227366 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 706] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes are vascular mural cells embedded in the basement membrane of blood microvessels. They extend their processes along capillaries, pre-capillary arterioles and post-capillary venules. CNS pericytes are uniquely positioned in the neurovascular unit between endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons. They integrate, coordinate and process signals from their neighboring cells to generate diverse functional responses that are critical for CNS functions in health and disease, including regulation of the blood-brain barrier permeability, angiogenesis, clearance of toxic metabolites, capillary hemodynamic responses, neuroinflammation and stem cell activity. Here we examine the key signaling pathways between pericytes and their neighboring endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons that control neurovascular functions. We also review the role of pericytes in CNS disorders including rare monogenic diseases and complex neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and brain tumors. Finally, we discuss directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D Sweeney
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shiva Ayyadurai
- Systems Biology Group, CytoSolve Research Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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26
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Ni C, Ma P, Qu L, Wu F, Hao J, Wang R, Lu Y, Yang W, Erben U, Qin Z. Accelerated tumour metastasis due to interferon-γ receptor-mediated dissociation of perivascular cells from blood vessels. J Pathol 2017; 242:334-346. [PMID: 28418194 DOI: 10.1002/path.4907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Angiostasis mediated by interferon (IFN)-γ is a key mechanism of anti-tumour immunity; however, the effect of IFN-γ on host vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)-expressing cells during tumour progression is still elusive. Here, we developed transgenic mice with IFN-γ receptor (IFNγR) expression under control of the Vegfa promoter (V-γR). In these mice, the IFN-γ responsiveness of VEGFA-expressing cells led to dramatic growth suppression of transplanted lung carcinoma cells. Surprisingly, increased mortality and tumour metastasis were observed in the tumour-bearing V-γR mice, in comparison with the control wild-type and IFNγR-deficient mice. Further study showed that perivascular cells were VEGFA-expressing cells and potential IFN-γ targets. In vivo, tumour vascular perfusion and pericyte association with blood vessels were massively disrupted in V-γR mice. In vitro, IFN-γ inhibited transforming growth factor-β signalling by upregulating SMAD7, and therefore downregulated N-cadherin expression in pericytes. Importantly, IFN-γ neutralization in vivo with a monoclonal antibody reduced tumour metastasis. Together, the results suggest that IFNγR-mediated dissociation of perivascular cells from blood vessels contributes to the acceleration of tumour metastasis. Thus, the inhibition of tumour growth via IFN-γ-induced angiostasis might also accelerate tumour metastasis. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ni
- Medical Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Pan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liwei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fan Wu
- Medical Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Junfeng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Medical Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ulrike Erben
- Medical Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Medical Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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27
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El-Raggal NM, El-Farrash RA, Saad AA, Attia EAS, Saafan HA, Shaaban IS. Circulating Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor in Infantile Hemangioma Versus Vascular Malformations. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2017; 24:663-668. [PMID: 28595487 DOI: 10.1177/1076029617710333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Few preliminary reports studied the utility of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for differentiation between infantile hemangiomas (IHs) and vascular malformations. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of serum VEGF and bFGF levels in differentiating IHs from vascular malformations and identifying the stage and clinical course of IHs. Serum levels of VEGF and bFGF were assessed in 60 infants and children with various cutaneous vascular anomalies defined in 3 groups: proliferating IHs (n = 25), involuting IHs (n = 23), and vascular malformations (n = 12), in comparison with their levels in 40 healthy matched control. Serum levels of VEGF and bFGF were significantly elevated in all groups as compared to control ( P < .001, respectively). Both proliferating and involuting IHs had comparable levels of both markers ( P > .05, respectively) that were significantly higher in comparison with vascular malformations ( P < .05, respectively). Significantly lower VEGF levels were found in IHs that had regressed spontaneously (n = 11) compared to those regressed by treatment (n = 37), ( P < .05); meanwhile, bFGF showed no significant difference between both groups ( P > .05). Using receiver operating characteristic curves, a combined use of VGEF and bFGF yielded a sensitivity of 85.42% and a specificity of 100% for differentiating IHs from vascular malformations. Serum VEGF and/or bFGF levels are increased in cutaneous vascular anomalies and can differentiate IHs from vascular malformations. None of these markers could help in identifying the stage of IHs. Low VEGF is associated with spontaneous regression of IHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal M El-Raggal
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania A El-Farrash
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Saad
- 2 Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas A S Attia
- 3 Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Saafan
- 4 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim S Shaaban
- 2 Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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28
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Komarova YA, Kruse K, Mehta D, Malik AB. Protein Interactions at Endothelial Junctions and Signaling Mechanisms Regulating Endothelial Permeability. Circ Res 2017; 120:179-206. [PMID: 28057793 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.306534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The monolayer of endothelial cells lining the vessel wall forms a semipermeable barrier (in all tissue except the relatively impermeable blood-brain and inner retinal barriers) that regulates tissue-fluid homeostasis, transport of nutrients, and migration of blood cells across the barrier. Permeability of the endothelial barrier is primarily regulated by a protein complex called adherens junctions. Adherens junctions are not static structures; they are continuously remodeled in response to mechanical and chemical cues in both physiological and pathological settings. Here, we discuss recent insights into the post-translational modifications of junctional proteins and signaling pathways regulating plasticity of adherens junctions and endothelial permeability. We also discuss in the context of what is already known and newly defined signaling pathways that mediate endothelial barrier leakiness (hyperpermeability) that are important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and lung diseases and vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Komarova
- From the Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Kevin Kruse
- From the Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Dolly Mehta
- From the Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Asrar B Malik
- From the Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago.
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29
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Di Pietro M, Pascuali N, Scotti L, Irusta G, Bas D, May M, Tesone M, Abramovich D, Parborell F. In vivo intrabursal administration of bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate enhances vascular integrity in a rat model of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Mol Hum Reprod 2017; 23:417-427. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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30
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Cantelmo AR, Conradi LC, Brajic A, Goveia J, Kalucka J, Pircher A, Chaturvedi P, Hol J, Thienpont B, Teuwen LA, Schoors S, Boeckx B, Vriens J, Kuchnio A, Veys K, Cruys B, Finotto L, Treps L, Stav-Noraas TE, Bifari F, Stapor P, Decimo I, Kampen K, De Bock K, Haraldsen G, Schoonjans L, Rabelink T, Eelen G, Ghesquière B, Rehman J, Lambrechts D, Malik AB, Dewerchin M, Carmeliet P. Inhibition of the Glycolytic Activator PFKFB3 in Endothelium Induces Tumor Vessel Normalization, Impairs Metastasis, and Improves Chemotherapy. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:968-985. [PMID: 27866851 PMCID: PMC5675554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal tumor vessels promote metastasis and impair chemotherapy. Hence, tumor vessel normalization (TVN) is emerging as an anti-cancer treatment. Here, we show that tumor endothelial cells (ECs) have a hyper-glycolytic metabolism, shunting intermediates to nucleotide synthesis. EC haplo-deficiency or blockade of the glycolytic activator PFKFB3 did not affect tumor growth, but reduced cancer cell invasion, intravasation, and metastasis by normalizing tumor vessels, which improved vessel maturation and perfusion. Mechanistically, PFKFB3 inhibition tightened the vascular barrier by reducing VE-cadherin endocytosis in ECs, and rendering pericytes more quiescent and adhesive (via upregulation of N-cadherin) through glycolysis reduction; it also lowered the expression of cancer cell adhesion molecules in ECs by decreasing NF-κB signaling. PFKFB3-blockade treatment also improved chemotherapy of primary and metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Cantelmo
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Brajic
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jermaine Goveia
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Pallavi Chaturvedi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Johanna Hol
- Department of Pathology, K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Bernard Thienpont
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Laure-Anne Teuwen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Schoors
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Joris Vriens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Anna Kuchnio
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Koen Veys
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Bert Cruys
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lise Finotto
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Tor Espen Stav-Noraas
- Department of Pathology, K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Francesco Bifari
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Peter Stapor
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ilaria Decimo
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Kim Kampen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- Department of Pathology, K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Luc Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ton Rabelink
- Department of Nephrology, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Metabolomics Core Facility, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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Avolio E, Madeddu P. Discovering cardiac pericyte biology: From physiopathological mechanisms to potential therapeutic applications in ischemic heart disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 86:53-63. [PMID: 27268036 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular pericytes and the more recently discovered adventitial pericyte-like progenitor cells are a subpopulation of vascular stem cells closely associated with small and large blood vessels respectively. These populations of perivascular cells are remarkably abundant in the heart. Pericytes control important physiological processes such as angiogenesis, blood flow and vascular permeability. In the heart, this pleiotropic activity makes pericytes extremely interesting for applications in regenerative medicine. On the other hand, dysfunction of pericytes could participate in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, such as arterial hypertension, fibro-calcific cardiovascular remodeling, myocardial edema and post-ischemic coronary no-reflow. On a therapeutic standpoint, preclinical studies in small animal models of myocardial infarction have demonstrated the healing potential of pericytes transplantation, which has been ascribed to direct vascular incorporation and paracrine pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic activities. These promising findings open the door to the clinical use of pericytes for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Avolio
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol Heart Institute, Level 7 Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin St, BS2 8HW Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol Heart Institute, Level 7 Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin St, BS2 8HW Bristol, United Kingdom.
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32
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Caporali A, Martello A, Miscianinov V, Maselli D, Vono R, Spinetti G. Contribution of pericyte paracrine regulation of the endothelium to angiogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 171:56-64. [PMID: 27742570 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During physiological development and after a stressor event, vascular cells communicate with each other to evoke new vessel formation-a process known as angiogenesis. This communication occurs via direct contact and via paracrine release of proteins and nucleic acids, both in a free form or encapsulated into micro-vesicles. In diseases with an altered angiogenic response, such as cancer and diabetic vascular complications, it becomes of paramount importance to tune the cell communication process. Endothelial cell growth and migration are essential processes for new vessel formation, and pericytes, together with some classes of circulating monocytes, are important endothelial regulators. The interaction between pericytes and the endothelium is facilitated by their anatomical apposition, which involves endothelial cells and pericytes sharing the same basement membrane. However, the role of pericytes is not fully understood. The characteristics and the function of tissue-specific pericytesis are the focus of this review. Factors involved in the cross-talk between these cell types and the opportunities afforded by micro-RNA and micro-vesicle techniques are discussed. Targeting these mechanisms in pathological conditions, in which the vessel response is altered, is considered in relation to identification of new therapies for restoring the blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caporali
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Martello
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - V Miscianinov
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D Maselli
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - R Vono
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
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Angiomotin like-1 is a novel component of the N-cadherin complex affecting endothelial/pericyte interaction in normal and tumor angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30622. [PMID: 27464479 PMCID: PMC4964570 DOI: 10.1038/srep30622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission of mechanical force via cell junctions is an important component that molds cells into shapes consistent with proper organ function. Of particular interest are the cadherin transmembrane proteins, which play an essential role in connecting cell junctions to the intra-cellular cytoskeleton. Understanding how these biomechanical complexes orchestrate intrinsic and extrinsic forces is important for our understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving morphogenesis. We have previously identified the Amot protein family, which are scaffold proteins that integrate polarity, junctional, and cytoskeletal cues to modulate cellular shape in endothelial as well as epithelial cells. In this report, we show that AmotL1 is a novel partner of the N-cadherin protein complex. We studied the role of AmotL1 in normal retinal as well as tumor angiogenesis using inducible endothelial-specific knock-out mice. We show that AmotL1 is essential for normal establishment of vascular networks in the post-natal mouse retina as well as in a transgenic breast cancer model. The observed phenotypes were consistent with a non-autonomous pericyte defect. We show that AmotL1 forms a complex with N-cadherin present on both endothelial cells and pericytes. We propose that AmotL1 is an essential effector of the N-cadherin mediated endothelial/pericyte junctional complex.
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34
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Hall AP. Review of the Pericyte during Angiogenesis and its Role in Cancer and Diabetic Retinopathy. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 34:763-75. [PMID: 17162534 DOI: 10.1080/01926230600936290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Hall
- AstraZeneca R&D Alderley Park, Safety Assessment UK, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG Cheshire, England.
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35
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Kang HS, Moon YJ, Kim YY, Park WY, Park AK, Wang KC, Kim JE, Phi JH, Lee JY, Kim SK. Smooth-muscle progenitor cells isolated from patients with moyamoya disease: novel experimental cell model. J Neurosurg 2013; 120:415-25. [PMID: 24160477 DOI: 10.3171/2013.9.jns131000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a cerebrovascular occlusive disease affecting bilateral internal carotid termini. Smooth-muscle cells are one of the major cell types involved in this disease process. The characteristics of circulating smooth-muscle progenitor cells (SPCs) in MMD are poorly understood. The authors purified SPCs from the peripheral blood of patients with MMD and sought to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SPCs from these patients. METHODS The authors cultured and isolated SPCs from the peripheral blood of patients with MMD (n = 25) and healthy control volunteers (n = 22). After confirmation of the cellular phenotype, RNA was extracted from the cells and DEGs were identified using a commercially available gene chip. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to confirm the putative pathogenetic DEGs. RESULTS The SPC-type outgrowth cells in patients with MMD invariably showed a hill-and-valley appearance under microscopic examination, and demonstrated high α-smooth muscle actin, myosin heavy chain, and calponin expression (96.5% ± 2.1%, 42.8% ± 18.6%, and 87.1% ± 8.2%, respectively), and minimal CD31 expression (less than 1%) on fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. The SPCs in the MMD group tended to make more irregularly arranged and thickened tubules on the tube formation assay. In the SPCs from patients with MMD, 286 genes (124 upregulated and 162 downregulated) were differentially expressed; they were related to cell adhesion, cell migration, immune response, and vascular development. CONCLUSIONS With adequate culture conditions, SPCs could be established from the peripheral blood of patients with MMD. These cells showed specific DEGs compared with healthy control volunteers. This study provides a novel experimental cell model for further research of MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seung Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul
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36
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Ishimine H, Yamakawa N, Sasao M, Tadokoro M, Kami D, Komazaki S, Tokuhara M, Takada H, Ito Y, Kuno S, Yoshimura K, Umezawa A, Ohgushi H, Asashima M, Kurisaki A. N-Cadherin is a prospective cell surface marker of human mesenchymal stem cells that have high ability for cardiomyocyte differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:753-9. [PMID: 23899519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are among the most promising sources of stem cells for regenerative medicine. However, the range of their differentiation ability is very limited. In this study, we explored prospective cell surface markers of human MSCs that readily differentiate into cardiomyocytes. When the cardiomyogenic differentiation potential and the expression of cell surface markers involved in heart development were analyzed using various immortalized human MSC lines, the MSCs with high expression of N-cadherin showed a higher probability of differentiation into beating cardiomyocytes. The differentiated cardiomyocytes expressed terminally differentiated cardiomyocyte-specific markers such as α-actinin, cardiac troponin T, and connexin-43. A similar correlation was observed with primary human MSCs derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Moreover, N-cadherin-positive MSCs isolated with N-cadherin antibody-conjugated magnetic beads showed an apparently higher ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes than the N-cadherin-negative population. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that the N-cadherin-positive population expressed significantly elevated levels of cardiomyogenic progenitor-specific transcription factors, including Nkx2.5, Hand1, and GATA4 mRNAs. Our results suggest that N-cadherin is a novel prospective cell surface marker of human MSCs that show a better ability for cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Ishimine
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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37
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Angiogenic endothelial cell invasion into fibrin is stimulated by proliferating smooth muscle cells. Microvasc Res 2013; 90:40-7. [PMID: 23886898 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
These studies aimed to determine the effect of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) on angiogenic behavior of endothelial cells (ECs) within fibrin hydrogels, an extracellular matrix (ECM) commonly used in tissue engineering. We developed a 3-D, fibrin-based co-culture assay of angiogenesis consisting of aggregates of SMCs with ECs seeded onto the aggregates' surface. Using digital fluorescence micrography, EC matrix invasion was quantified by average length of sprouts (ALS) and density of sprout formation (DSF). We demonstrated that ECs and SMCs co-invade into the ECM in close proximity to one another. ECs that were co-cultured with SMCs demonstrated increased invasion compared to ECs that were cultured alone at all time points. At Day 19, the ALS of ECs in co-culture was 327+/-58μm versus 70+/-11μm of ECs cultured alone (p=.01). The DSF of co-cultured ECs was also significantly greater than that of ECs cultured alone (p=.007 on Day 19). This appeared to be a function of both increased EC invasion as well as improved persistence of EC sprout networks. At 7days, ECs in co-culture with proliferation-inhibited SMCs previously treated with Mitomycin-C (MMC) demonstrated significantly attenuated sprouting compared to ECs co-cultured with SMCs that were untreated with MMC (82+/-14μm versus 205+/-32μm; p<.05). In assays in which multiple co-culture aggregates were cultured within a single hydrogel, we observed directional invasion of sprouts preferentially towards the other aggregates within the hydrogel. In co-culture assays without early EC/SMC contact, the ALS of ECs cultured in the presence of SMCs was significantly greater than those cultured in the absence of SMCs by Day 3 (320+/-21μm versus 187+/-16μm; p<.005). We conclude that SMCs augment EC matrix invasion into 3-D fibrin hydrogels, at least in part resulting from SMC proliferative and invasive activities. Directed invasion between co-culture aggregates and augmented angiogenesis in the absence of early contact suggests a paracrine mechanism for the observed results.
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Murakami M, Sakurai T. Role of fibroblast growth factor signaling in vascular formation and maintenance: orchestrating signaling networks as an integrated system. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 4:615-29. [PMID: 22930472 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vascular system has begun to be perceived as a dynamic organ actively controlling a wide variety of physiological processes. The structural and functional integrity of blood vessels, regulated by signaling activities finely modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, is crucial for vessel physiology, as well as basic functionality of the tissue. Throughout the process of new vessel formation, while blood vessels are actively reorganized and remodeled with migration and proliferation of vascular cells, maintenance of vascular barrier function is essentially important. These conflicting properties, i.e., dynamic cellular mobilization and maintenance of barrier integrity, are simultaneously achieved through the interaction of highly organized signaling networks governing coordinated cell-cell interplay. Recent evidence suggests that the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) system plays a regulatory role in several physiological conditions in the vascular system. In this article, we will attempt to summarize current knowledge in order to understand the mechanism of this coordination and evaluate the pivotal role of FGF signaling in integrating a diverse range of signaling events in vascular growth and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Murakami
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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39
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Overlapping and divergent signaling pathways of N-cadherin and VE-cadherin in endothelial cells. Blood 2012; 119:2159-70. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-09-381012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) express 2 members of the cadherin family, VE and N-cadherin. Although VE-cadherin induces EC homotypic adhesion, N-cadherin function in ECs remains largely unknown. EC-specific inactivation of either VE or N-cadherin leads to early fetal lethality suggesting that these cadherins play a nonredundant role in vascular development. We report here that VE-cadherin negatively controls junctional localization and expression of N-cadherin by limiting p120-catenin availability and reducing β-catenin transcriptional activity. Using EC lines expressing either VE or N-cadherin we found that both cadherins inhibit cell proliferation and apoptosis. Both trigger the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase (PI3K)–AKT-Forkhead-box protein-O1 (FoxO1) pathway and reduce β-catenin transcriptional activity. The extent of signaling correlates with the total level of cadherins regardless of the type of cadherin expressed. In contrast, basal and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)–induced cell motility is promoted by N-cadherin and strongly inhibited by VE-cadherin. This opposite effect is partly because of the ability of VE-cadherin to associate with FGF receptor and the density-enhanced phosphatase-1 (Dep-1) which, in turn, inhibits receptor signaling. We conclude that VE and N-cadherin have both additive and divergent effects on ECs. Differences in signaling are due, in part, to cadherin association with growth factor receptors and modulation of their downstream signaling.
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40
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Signaling required for blood vessel maintenance: molecular basis and pathological manifestations. Int J Vasc Med 2011; 2012:293641. [PMID: 22187650 PMCID: PMC3236483 DOI: 10.1155/2012/293641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As our understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to vascular formation increases, vessel maintenance including stabilization of new vessels and prevention of vessel regression began to be considered as an active process that requires specific cellular signaling. While signaling pathways such as VEGF, FGF, and angiopoietin-Tie2 are important for endothelial cell survival and junction stabilization, PDGF and TGF-β signaling modify mural cell (vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes) functions, thus they fortify vessel integrity. Breakdown of these signaling systems results in pathological hyperpermeability and/or genetic vascular abnormalities such as vascular malformations, ultimately progressing to hemorrhage and edema. Hence, blood vessel maintenance is fundamental to controlling vascular homeostasis and tissue functions. This paper discusses signaling pathways essential for vascular maintenance and clinical conditions caused by deterioration of vessel integrity.
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41
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Kamouchi M, Ago T, Kitazono T. Brain pericytes: emerging concepts and functional roles in brain homeostasis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 31:175-93. [PMID: 21061157 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-010-9605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain pericytes are an important constituent of neurovascular unit. They encircle endothelial cells and contribute to the maturation and stabilization of the capillaries in the brain. Recent studies have revealed that brain pericytes play pivotal roles in a variety of brain functions, such as regulation of capillary flow, angiogenesis, blood brain barrier, immune responses, and hemostasis. In addition, brain pericytes are pluripotent and can differentiate into different lineages similar to mesenchymal stem cells. The brain pericytes are revisited as a key player to maintain brain function and repair brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kamouchi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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42
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Li F, Lan Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Yang G, Meng F, Han H, Meng A, Wang Y, Yang X. Endothelial Smad4 maintains cerebrovascular integrity by activating N-cadherin through cooperation with Notch. Dev Cell 2011; 20:291-302. [PMID: 21397841 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysfunction is strongly associated with neonatal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and stroke in adults. Cerebrovascular endothelial cells (ECs) play important roles in maintaining a stable cerebral circulation in the central nervous system by interacting with pericytes. However, the genetic mechanisms controlling the functions of cerebral ECs are still largely unknown. Here, we report that disruption of Smad4, the central intracellular mediator of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, specifically in the cerebral ECs, results in perinatal ICH and blood-brain barrier breakdown. Furthermore, the mutant vessels exhibit defective mural cell coverage. Smad4 stabilizes cerebrovascular EC-pericyte interactions by regulating the transcription of N-cadherin through associating with the Notch intracellular complex at the RBP-J binding site of the N-cadherin promoter. These findings uncover a distinct role of endothelial Smad4 in maintaining cerebrovascular integrity and suggest important implications for genetic or functional deficiencies in TGF-β/Smad signaling in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
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43
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Chavez A, Smith M, Mehta D. New Insights into the Regulation of Vascular Permeability. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 290:205-48. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386037-8.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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44
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Gentil-dit-Maurin A, Oun S, Almagro S, Bouillot S, Courçon M, Linnepe R, Vestweber D, Huber P, Tillet E. Unraveling the distinct distributions of VE- and N-cadherins in endothelial cells: A key role for p120-catenin. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:2587-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Johansson JK, Voss U, Kesavan G, Kostetskii I, Wierup N, Radice GL, Semb H. N-cadherin is dispensable for pancreas development but required for beta-cell granule turnover. Genesis 2010; 48:374-81. [PMID: 20533404 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The cadherin family of cell adhesion molecules mediates adhesive interactions that are required for the formation and maintenance of tissues. Previously, we demonstrated that N-cadherin, which is required for numerous morphogenetic processes, is expressed in the pancreatic epithelium at E9.5, but later becomes restricted to endocrine aggregates in mice. To study the role of N-cadherin during pancreas formation and function we generated a tissue-specific knockout of N-cadherin in the early pancreatic epithelium by inter-crossing N-cadherin-floxed mice with Pdx1Cre mice. Analysis of pancreas-specific ablation of N-cadherin demonstrates that N-cadherin is dispensable for pancreatic development, but required for beta-cell granule turnover. The number of insulin secretory granules is significantly reduced in N-cadherin-deficient beta-cells, and as a consequence insulin secretion is decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny K Johansson
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
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46
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Abstract
Angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels from the preexisting vasculature, is a key component in numerous physiologic and pathologic responses and has broad impact in many medical and surgical specialties. In this review, we discuss the key cellular steps that lead to the neovascularization of tissues and highlight the main molecular mechanisms and mediators in this process. We include discussions on proteolytic enzymes, cell-matrix interactions, and pertinent cell signaling pathways and end with a survey of the mechanisms that lead to the stabilization and maturation of neovasculatures.
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47
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Komarova Y, Malik AB. Regulation of endothelial permeability via paracellular and transcellular transport pathways. Annu Rev Physiol 2010; 72:463-93. [PMID: 20148685 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium functions as a semipermeable barrier regulating tissue fluid homeostasis and transmigration of leukocytes and providing essential nutrients across the vessel wall. Transport of plasma proteins and solutes across the endothelium involves two different routes: one transcellular, via caveolae-mediated vesicular transport, and the other paracellular, through interendothelial junctions. The permeability of the endothelial barrier is an exquisitely regulated process in the resting state and in response to extracellular stimuli and mediators. The focus of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of molecular and signaling mechanisms regulating endothelial barrier permeability with emphasis on the cross-talk between paracellular and transcellular transport pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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48
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Oas RG, Xiao K, Summers S, Wittich KB, Chiasson CM, Martin WD, Grossniklaus HE, Vincent PA, Reynolds AB, Kowalczyk AP. p120-Catenin is required for mouse vascular development. Circ Res 2010; 106:941-51. [PMID: 20110533 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.207753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE p120-catenin (p120) is an armadillo family protein that binds to the cytoplasmic domain of classical cadherins and prevents cadherin endocytosis. The role of p120 in vascular development is unknown. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to examine the role of p120 in mammalian vascular development by generating a conditionally mutant mouse lacking endothelial p120 and determining the effects of the knockout on vasculogenesis, angiogenic remodeling, and the regulation of endothelial cadherin levels. METHODS AND RESULTS A conditional Cre/loxP gene deletion strategy was used to ablate p120 expression, using the Tie2 promoter to drive endothelial Cre recombinase expression. Mice lacking endothelial p120 died embryonically beginning at embryonic day 11.5. Major blood vessels appeared normal at embryonic day 9.5. However, both embryonic and extraembryonic vasculature of mutant animals were disorganized and displayed decreased microvascular density by embryonic day 11.5. Importantly, both vascular endothelial cadherin and N-cadherin levels were significantly reduced in vessels lacking p120. This decrease in cadherin expression was accompanied by reduced pericyte recruitment and hemorrhaging. Furthermore, p120-null cultured endothelial cells exhibited proliferation defects that could be rescued by exogenous expression of vascular endothelial cadherin. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal a fundamental role for p120 in regulating endothelial cadherin levels during vascular development, as well as microvascular patterning, vessel integrity, and endothelial cell proliferation. Loss of endothelial p120 results in lethality attributable to decreased microvascular density and hemorrhages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Oas
- Department of Cell Biology, 615 Michael St, Room 465, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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49
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Francavilla C, Maddaluno L, Cavallaro U. The functional role of cell adhesion molecules in tumor angiogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2009; 19:298-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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50
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Downes M, François M, Ferguson C, Parton RG, Koopman P. Vascular defects in a mouse model of hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome indicate a role for SOX18 in blood vessel maturation. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:2839-50. [PMID: 19429912 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the transcription factor gene SOX18 cause vascular, lymphatic and hair follicle defects in humans with dominant and recessive forms of hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia (HLT) syndrome. Here, we clarify the role of SOX18 in the vascular dysfunction in HLT by ultrastructural, immunofluorescence, molecular and functional analysis of vascular anomalies in embryos of the naturally occurring Sox18-mutant mouse strain ragged-opossum (Ra(Op)). Early genesis and patterning of vasculature was unimpaired in Ra(Op) embryos, but surface capillaries became enlarged from 12.5 dpc and embryos developed massive surface hemorrhage by 14.5 dpc. Large focal breaches in the endothelial barrier were observed, in addition to endothelial hyperplasia associated with impaired pericyte recruitment to the microvasculature. Expression of the genes encoding the endothelial factors MMP7, IL7R and N-cadherin was reduced in Ra(Op) embryos, suggesting that these are downstream targets of SOX18. Together, our results indicate that vascular anomalies in HLT arise from defects in regulation of genes required for the acquisition of structural integrity during microvascular maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Downes
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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