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Kong L, Jin X. Dysregulation of deubiquitination in breast cancer. Gene 2024; 902:148175. [PMID: 38242375 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly frequent malignant tumor that poses a serious threat to women's health and has different molecular subtypes, histological subtypes, and biological features, which act by activating oncogenic factors and suppressing cancer inhibitors. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the main process contributing to protein degradation, and deubiquitinases (DUBs) are reverse enzymes that counteract this process. There is growing evidence that dysregulation of DUBs is involved in the occurrence of BC. Herein, we review recent research findings in BC-associated DUBs, describe their nature, classification, and functions, and discuss the potential mechanisms of DUB-related dysregulation in BC. Furthermore, we present the successful treatment of malignant cancer with DUB inhibitors, as well as analyzing the status of targeting aberrant DUBs in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Zhao Z, Liu M, Lin Z, Zhu M, Lv L, Zhu X, Fan R, Al-Danakh A, He H, Tan G. The mechanism of USP43 in the development of tumor: a literature review. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6613-6626. [PMID: 38613804 PMCID: PMC11042928 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination of the proteins is crucial for governing protein degradation and regulating fundamental cellular processes. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) have emerged as significant regulators of multiple pathways associated with cancer and other diseases, owing to their capacity to remove ubiquitin from target substrates and modulate signaling. Consequently, they represent potential therapeutic targets for cancer and other life-threatening conditions. USP43 belongs to the DUBs family involved in cancer development and progression. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing scientific evidence implicating USP43 in cancer development. Additionally, it will investigate potential small-molecule inhibitors that target DUBs that may have the capability to function as anti-cancer medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Meichen Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Zhikun Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Drugs in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Mengru Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Linlin Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xinqing Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Rui Fan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, National, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Abdullah Al-Danakh
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Guang Tan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Drugs in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Dalian 116000, China
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3
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Kim SB, Hwang S, Cha JY, Lee HJ. Programmed Death Ligand 1 Regulatory Crosstalk with Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination: Implications in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2939. [PMID: 38474186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a pivotal role in cancer immune evasion and is a critical target for cancer immunotherapy. This review focuses on the regulation of PD-L1 through the dynamic processes of ubiquitination and deubiquitination, which are crucial for its stability and function. Here, we explored the intricate mechanisms involving various E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) that modulate PD-L1 expression in cancer cells. Specific ligases are discussed in detail, highlighting their roles in tagging PD-L1 for degradation. Furthermore, we discuss the actions of DUBs that stabilize PD-L1 by removing ubiquitin chains. The interplay of these enzymes not only dictates PD-L1 levels but also influences cancer progression and patient response to immunotherapies. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting these regulatory pathways and propose novel strategies to enhance the efficacy of PD-L1/PD-1-based therapies. Our review underscores the complexity of PD-L1 regulation and its significant impact on the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Bin Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonjae Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jae Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Bolhuis DL, Emanuele MJ, Brown NG. Friend or foe? Reciprocal regulation between E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:BST20230454. [PMID: 38414432 PMCID: PMC11349938 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that entails the covalent attachment of the small protein ubiquitin (Ub), which acts as a signal to direct protein stability, localization, or interactions. The Ub code is written by a family of enzymes called E3 Ub ligases (∼600 members in humans), which can catalyze the transfer of either a single ubiquitin or the formation of a diverse array of polyubiquitin chains. This code can be edited or erased by a different set of enzymes termed deubiquitinases (DUBs; ∼100 members in humans). While enzymes from these distinct families have seemingly opposing activities, certain E3-DUB pairings can also synergize to regulate vital cellular processes like gene expression, autophagy, innate immunity, and cell proliferation. In this review, we highlight recent studies describing Ub ligase-DUB interactions and focus on their relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek L Bolhuis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Michael J Emanuele
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Care Center, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Nicholas G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Care Center, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
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Jin R, Luo Z, Jun-Li, Tao Q, Wang P, Cai X, Jiang L, Zeng C, Chen Y. USP20 is a predictor of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer and associated with lymph node metastasis, immune infiltration and chemotherapy resistance. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1023292. [PMID: 36874086 PMCID: PMC9978104 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1023292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent malignancy with a poor prognosis. USP20 can support progression of variety of tumors. USP20 was shown to promote breast tumor metastasis, and proliferation of oral squamous carcinoma cells. However, the role of USP20 in CRC remains unclear. Methods We used bioinformatics to analyze the expression and prognosis of USP20 in pan-cancer and explore the relationship between USP20 expression and immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, and chemotherapy resistance in CRC. The differential expression and prognostic role of USP20 in CRC was validated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Cox univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess risk factors for poor prognosis of CRC, and new prognostic prediction models were constructed and evaluated by decision curve analysis (ROC) and receiver operating characteristic (DCA). USP20 was overexpressed in CRC cell lines to explore the effect of USP20 on the functionalities of CRC cells. Enrichment analyses were used to explore the possible mechanism of USP20 in CRC. Results The expression of USP20 was lower in CRC tissues than adjacent normal tissues. Compared with low USP20 expression patients, CRC patients with high USP20 expression level had shorter OS. Correlation analysis showed that USP20 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis. Cox regression analysis revealed USP20 as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in CRC patients. ROC and DCA analyses showed that the performance of the newly constructed prediction model was better than the traditional TNM model. Immune infiltration analysis shown that USP20 expression is closely associated with T cell infiltration in CRC. A co-expression analysis showed that USP20 expression was positively correlated with several immune checkpoint genes including ADORA2A, CD160, CD27 and TNFRSF25 genes and positively associated with multiple multi-drug resistance genes such as MRP1, MRP3, and MRP5 genes. USP20 expression positively correlated with the sensitivity of cells to multiple anticancer drugs. Overexpression of USP20 enhanced the migration and invasive ability of CRC cells. Enrichment pathway analyses showed the USP20 may play a role via the Notch pathway, Hedgehog pathway and beta-catenin pathway. Conclusion USP20 is downregulated in CRC and associated with prognosis in CRC. USP20 enhances CRC cells metastasis and is associated with immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, and chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- RuiRi Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - ZhiPeng Luo
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun-Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - XueSheng Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - LongZhou Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - ChunYan Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - YouXiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Wang Y, Liu X, Huang W, Liang J, Chen Y. The intricate interplay between HIFs, ROS, and the ubiquitin system in the tumor hypoxic microenvironment. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108303. [PMID: 36328089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in protein ubiquitination and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling both contribute to tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Ubiquitination is a dynamic process that is coordinately regulated by E3 ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs), which have emerged as attractive therapeutic targets. HIF expression and transcriptional activity are usually increased in tumors, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are upregulated in tumors and have multiple effects on HIF signaling and the ubiquitin system. A growing body of evidence has shown that multiple E3 ligases and UBDs function synergistically to control the expression and activity of HIF, thereby allowing cancer cells to cope with the hypoxic microenvironment. Conversely, several E3 ligases and DUBs are regulated by hypoxia and/or HIF signaling. Hypoxia also induces ROS production, which in turn modulates the stability or activity of HIF, E3 ligases, and DUBs. Understanding the complex networks between E3 ligase, DUBs, ROS, and HIF will provide insights into the fundamental mechanism of the cellular response to hypoxia and help identify novel molecular targets for cancer treatment. We review the current knowledge on the comprehensive relationship between E3 ligase, DUBs, ROS, and HIF signaling, with a particular focus on the use of E3 ligase or DUB inhibitors in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Weixiao Huang
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Junjie Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China; School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
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7
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Qin B, Zhou L, Wang F, Wang Y. Ubiquitin-specific protease 20 in human disease: emerging role and therapeutic implications. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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The emerging role of ubiquitin-specific protease 20 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapeutics. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:434. [PMID: 35508480 PMCID: PMC9068925 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a critical member of the ubiquitin-specific proteolytic enzyme family, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 20 (USP20) regulates the stability of proteins via multiple signaling pathways. In addition, USP20 upregulation is associated with various cellular biological processes, such as cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Emerging studies have revealed the pivotal role of USP20 in the tumorigenesis of various cancer types, such as breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer and adult T cell leukemia. In our review, we highlight the different mechanisms of USP20 in various tumor types and demonstrate that USP20 regulates the stability of multiple proteins. Therefore, regulating the activity of USP20 is a novel tumor treatment. However, the clinical significance of USP20 in cancer treatment merits more evidence. Finally, different prospects exist for the continued research focus of USP20.
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Characterization of the pVHL Interactome in Human Testis Using High-Throughput Library Screening. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041009. [PMID: 35205757 PMCID: PMC8869832 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The von Hippel–Lindau (pVHL) tumor suppressor is a protein that regulates the normal cell adaptation to low oxygen concentrations. When its function is altered by inherited or acquired mutation pVHL becomes causative of a familiar predisposition to develop different types of cancers. Besides this role, pVHL is also thought to have other relevant cell functions, and studies in mice demonstrated that this protein is crucial for correct testis development and sperm maturation. By scanning the testis-specific library, we identified 55 novel proteins that interact with the human pVHL, with many of them directly participating in metabolic pathways frequently altered in cancer. Furthermore, our results suggest that pVHL may be also important for correct gonad function in men. Abstract Functional impairment of the von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor (pVHL) is causative of a familiar increased risk of developing cancer. As an E3 substrate recognition particle, pVHL marks the hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) for degradation in normoxic conditions, thus acting as a key regulator of both acute and chronic cell adaptation to hypoxia. The male mice model carrying VHL gene conditional knockout presents significant abnormalities in testis development paired with defects in spermatogenesis and infertility, indicating that pVHL exerts testis-specific roles. Here we aimed to explore whether pVHL could have a similar role in humans by performing a testis-tissue library screening complemented with in-depth bioinformatics analysis. We identified 55 novel pVHL binding proteins directly involved in spermatogenesis, cell differentiation and reproductive metabolism. In addition, computational investigation of these new interactors identified multiple pVHL-specific binding motifs and demonstrated that somatic mutations described in human cancers reside in these binding regions. Collectively, these findings suggest that, in addition to its role in cancer formation, pVHL may also be pivotal in normal gonadal development in humans.
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Wang H, Liu Z, Sun Z, Zhou D, Mao H, Deng G. Ubiquitin specific peptidase 33 promotes cell proliferation and reduces apoptosis through regulation of the SP1/PI3K/AKT pathway in retinoblastoma. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:2066-2076. [PMID: 34470581 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1970305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 33 (USP33), a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), has been identified to serve as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in different cancers. However, its role in retinoblastoma (RB) remains unknown. Here, we aimed to uncover USP33 expression profile and function in RB, and disclose the underlying mechanism. USP33 levels in RB tissues and cells were determined using RT-qPCR and western blotting assays. USP33 effects on cell growth, cycle, apoptosis and tumorigenesis were studied using MTT, Edu, cycle and western blotting and in vivo assays. The results showed that USP33 expression levels were elevated in RB tissues and cells as compared with normal retinal tissues and cells. Downregulation of USP33 in RB Y79 and WERI-RB1 cells leaded to significant increases in cell apoptosis, G1 phase arrest and tumorigenesis, and reductions in cell growth and G2 and S phase arrest, as well as inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling. SP1 overexpression abolished the roles of USP33 downregulation in modulating the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling, cell growth, apoptosis, and cell cycle. This study uncovered that USP33 promoted the progression of RB through regulation of the SP1/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhinan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hanyan Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guohua Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
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Wang Y, Wang F. Post-Translational Modifications of Deubiquitinating Enzymes: Expanding the Ubiquitin Code. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:685011. [PMID: 34177595 PMCID: PMC8224227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.685011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination play important regulatory roles in several biological processes in eukaryotes. This process could be reversed by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which remove conjugated ubiquitin molecules from target substrates. Owing to their role as essential enzymes in regulating all ubiquitin-related processes, the abundance, localization, and catalytic activity of DUBs are tightly regulated. Dysregulation of DUBs can cause dramatic physiological consequences and a variety of disorders such as cancer, and neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases. Multiple factors, such as transcription and translation of associated genes, and the presence of accessory domains, binding proteins, and inhibitors have been implicated in several aspects of DUB regulation. Beyond this level of regulation, emerging studies show that the function of DUBs can be regulated by a variety of post-translational modifications, which significantly affect the abundance, localization, and catalytic activity of DUBs. The most extensively studied post-translational modification of DUBs is phosphorylation. Besides phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, oxidation, and hydroxylation are also reported in DUBs. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the regulatory effects of post-translational modifications of DUBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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12
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Expression, purification and characterization of the second DUSP domain of deubiquitinase USP20/VDU2. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 181:105836. [PMID: 33529762 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinase USP20/VDU2 (VHL-interacting Deubiquitinating Enzyme 2) has been proved to play vital roles in multiple cellular processes by controlling the life-span of substrate proteins including hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1α, β2-adrenergic receptor, and type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase etc. USP20 contains four distinct structural domains, which include the N-terminal zinc-finger ubiquitin binding domain (ZnF-UBP), the catalytic domain (USP domain), and two tandem DUSP domains (DUSP1 and DUSP2). Here in this study, we report the setting up of the production approach for USP20 DUSP2, and the NMR characterization of the produced target protein. With the assistance of GB1 tag and glycerol, both the solubility and stability of USP20 DUSP2 are significantly enhanced. And by using the optimized protein production procedure, monomeric and stable 15N, 13C-labeled USP20 DUSP2 sample for NMR data acquisition was obtained. The secondary structural elements of USP20 DUSP2 were then revealed by the analysis of recorded NMR spectra, and USP20 DUSP2 forms an AB3 fold in solution. The production protocol and NMR characterization results reported in this manuscript could be utilized in the extended structural and functional studies of USP20 DUSP2.
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13
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Targeting the Ubiquitin Signaling Cascade in Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020791. [PMID: 33466790 PMCID: PMC7830467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments are composed of a myriad of elements, both cellular (immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) and non-cellular (extracellular matrix, cytokines, growth factors, etc.), which collectively provide a permissive environment enabling tumor progression. In this review, we focused on the regulation of tumor microenvironment through ubiquitination. Ubiquitination is a reversible protein post-translational modification that regulates various key biological processes, whereby ubiquitin is attached to substrates through a catalytic cascade coordinated by multiple enzymes, including E1 ubiquitin-activating enzymes, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and E3 ubiquitin ligases. In contrast, ubiquitin can be removed by deubiquitinases in the process of deubiquitination. Here, we discuss the roles of E3 ligases and deubiquitinases as modulators of both cellular and non-cellular components in tumor microenvironment, providing potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Finally, we introduced several emerging technologies that can be utilized to develop effective therapeutic agents for targeting tumor microenvironment.
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14
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The Deubiquitinating Enzyme USP20 Regulates the TNFα-Induced NF-κB Signaling Pathway through Stabilization of p62. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093116. [PMID: 32354117 PMCID: PMC7247158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
p62/sequestosome-1 is a scaffolding protein involved in diverse cellular processes such as autophagy, oxidative stress, cell survival and death. It has been identified to interact with atypical protein kinase Cs (aPKCs), linking these kinases to NF-κB activation by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). The diverse functions of p62 are regulated through post-translational modifications of several domains within p62. Among the enzymes that mediate these post-translational modifications, little is known about the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) that remove ubiquitin chains from p62, compared to the E3 ligases involved in p62 ubiquitination. In this study, we first demonstrate a role of ubiquitin-specific protease USP20 in regulating p62 stability in TNFα-mediated NF-κB activation. USP20 specifically binds to p62 and acts as a positive regulator for NF-κB activation by TNFα through deubiquitinating lysine 48 (K48)-linked polyubiquitination, eventually contributing to cell survival. Furthermore, depletion of USP20 disrupts formation of the atypical PKCζ-RIPK1-p62 complex required for TNFα-mediated NF-κB activation and significantly increases the apoptosis induced by TNFα plus cycloheximide or TNFα plus TAK1 inhibitor. These findings strongly suggest that the USP20-p62 axis plays an essential role in NF-κB-mediated cell survival induced by the TNFα-atypical PKCζ signaling pathway.
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15
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Liu X, Zhang X, Peng Z, Li C, Wang Z, Wang C, Deng Z, Wu B, Cui Y, Wang Z, Cui C, Zheng M, Zhang L. Deubiquitylase OTUD6B Governs pVHL Stability in an Enzyme-Independent Manner and Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902040. [PMID: 32328410 PMCID: PMC7175249 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are the key transcription factors that allow cancer cells to survive hypoxia. HIF's stability is mainly controlled by von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL)-mediated ubiquitylation. Unlike sporadic clear-cell renal carcinomas, VHL mutation is rarely observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the regulatory mechanisms of pVHL-HIF signaling remain elusive. Here, it is shown that deubiquitylase ovarian tumor domain-containing 6B (OTUD6B) suppresses HCC metastasis through inhibiting the HIF activity. OTUD6B directly interacts with pVHL, decreases its ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation to reduce HIF-1α accumulation in HCC cells under hypoxia. Surprisingly, OTUD6B limits the ubiquitylation of pVHL independent of its deubiquitylase activity. OTUD6B couples pVHL and elongin B/C to form more CBCVHL ligase complex, which protects pVHL from proteasomal degradation. Depletion of OTUD6B results in the dissociation of CBCVHL complex and the degradation of pVHL by Trp Asp repeat and suppressors of cytokine signaling box-containing protein 1 (WSB1). In human HCC tissues, the protein level of OTUD6B is positively correlated with pVHL, but negatively with HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor. Low expression of OTUD6B predicts poor patient survival. Furthermore, OTUD6B gene is a direct transcriptional target of HIF-1α and upregulated upon hypoxia. These results indicate a previously unrecognized feedback loop consisting of OTUD6B, pVHL, and HIF-1α, and provide insights into the targeted hypoxic microenvironment for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing100850China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing100850China
| | - Zhiqiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing100850China
| | - Chunnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing100850China
| | - Ze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing100850China
| | - Chanjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing100850China
| | - Zhikang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing100850China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing100850China
| | - Yu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing100850China
| | - Zhanxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Chun‐Ping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing100850China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310000China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhou310000China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing100850China
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16
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Nielsen CP, MacGurn JA. Coupling Conjugation and Deconjugation Activities to Achieve Cellular Ubiquitin Dynamics. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:427-439. [PMID: 32311336 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, proteome remodeling is mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which regulates protein degradation, trafficking, and signaling events in the cell. Interplay between the cellular proteome and ubiquitin is complex and dynamic and many regulatory features that support this system have only recently come into focus. An unexpected recurring feature in this system is the physical interaction between E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitylases (DUBs). Recent studies have reported on the regulatory significance of DUB-E3 interactions and it is becoming clear that they play important but complicated roles in the regulation of diverse cellular processes. Here, we summarize the current understanding of interactions between ubiquitin conjugation and deconjugation machineries and we examine the regulatory logic of these enigmatic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey P Nielsen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jason A MacGurn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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17
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Yang Y, Ding Y, Zhou C, Wen Y, Zhang N. Structural and functional studies of USP20 ZnF-UBP domain by NMR. Protein Sci 2019; 28:1606-1619. [PMID: 31278784 PMCID: PMC6699088 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinase USP20/VDU2 has been demonstrated to play important roles in multiple cellular processes by controlling the life span of substrate proteins including hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1α, and so forth. USP20 contains four distinct structural domains including the N-terminal zinc-finger ubiquitin binding domain (ZnF-UBP), the catalytic domain (USP domain), and two tandem DUSP domains, and none of the structures for these four domains has been solved. Meanwhile, except for the ZnF-UBP domain, the biological functions for USP20's catalytic domain and tandem DUSP domains have been at least partially clarified. Here in this study, we determined the solution structure of USP20 ZnF-UBP domain and investigated its binding properties with mono-ubiquitin and poly-ubiquitin (K48-linked di-ubiquitin) by using NMR and molecular modeling techniques. USP20's ZnF-UBP domain forms a spherically shaped fold consisting of a central β-sheet with either one α-helix or two α-helices packed on each side of the sheet. However, although having formed a canonical core structure essential for ubiquitin recognition, USP20 ZnF-UBP presents weak ubiquitin binding capacity. The structural basis for understanding USP20 ZnF-UBP's ubiquitin binding capacity was revealed by NMR data-driven docking. Although the electrostatic interactions between D264 of USP5 (E87 in USP20 ZnF-UBP) and R74 of ubiquitin are kept, the loss of the extensive interactions formed between ubiquitin's di-glycine motif and the conserved and non-conserved residues of USP20 ZnF-UBP domain (W41, E55, and Y84) causes a significant decrease in its binding affinity to ubiquitin. Our findings indicate that USP20 ZnF-UBP domain might have a physiological role unrelated to its ubiquitin binding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Analytical ChemistryShanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yiluan Ding
- Department of Analytical ChemistryShanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Analytical ChemistryShanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yi Wen
- Oxford Instruments Technology (Shanghai) Co., LtdShanghaiChina
| | - Naixia Zhang
- Department of Analytical ChemistryShanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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18
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Xia Y, Wang L, Xu Z, Kong R, Wang F, Yin K, Xu J, Li B, He Z, Wang L, Xu H, Zhang D, Yang L, Wu JY, Xu Z. Reduced USP33 expression in gastric cancer decreases inhibitory effects of Slit2-Robo1 signalling on cell migration and EMT. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12606. [PMID: 30896071 PMCID: PMC6536419 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, causing a large number of deaths every year. The Slit-Robo signalling pathway, initially discovered for its critical role in neuronal guidance, has recently been shown to modulate tumour invasion and metastasis in several human cancers. However, the role of Slit-Robo signalling and the molecular mechanisms underlying its role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer remains to be elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Slit2, Robo1 and USP33 expressions were analysed in datasets obtained from the Oncomine database and measured in human gastric cancer specimens. The function of Slit2-Robo1-USP33 signalling on gastric cancer cells migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was studied both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of the interaction between Robo1 and USP33 was explored by co-IP and ubiquitination protein analysis. RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of Slit2 and Robo1 are lower in GC tissues relative to those in adjacent healthy tissues. Importantly, Slit2 inhibits GC cell migration and suppresses EMT process in a Robo-dependent manner. The inhibitory function of Slit2-Robo1 is mediated by ubiquitin-specific protease 33 (USP33) via deubiquitinating and stabilizing Robo1. USP33 expression is decreased in GC tissues, and reduced USP33 level is correlated with poor patient survival. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the inhibitory function of Slit-Robo signalling in GC and uncovers a role of USP33 in suppressing cancer cell migration and EMT by enhancing Slit2-Robo1 signalling. USP33 represents a feasible choice as a prognostic biomarker for GC.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Down-Regulation
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Protein Stability
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/genetics
- Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/metabolism
- Ubiquitination
- Roundabout Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Xia
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ruirui Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Jianghao Xu
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Diancai Zhang
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jane Y. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
- Department of NeurologyCenter for Genetic MedicineLurie Cancer CenterChicagoIllinois
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of Gastric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and TreatmentJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineSchool of Publich HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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19
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Kocaturk NM, Gozuacik D. Crosstalk Between Mammalian Autophagy and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:128. [PMID: 30333975 PMCID: PMC6175981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are the two major intracellular quality control and recycling mechanisms that are responsible for cellular homeostasis in eukaryotes. Ubiquitylation is utilized as a degradation signal by both systems, yet, different mechanisms are in play. The UPS is responsible for the degradation of short-lived proteins and soluble misfolded proteins whereas autophagy eliminates long-lived proteins, insoluble protein aggregates and even whole organelles (e.g., mitochondria, peroxisomes) and intracellular parasites (e.g., bacteria). Both the UPS and selective autophagy recognize their targets through their ubiquitin tags. In addition to an indirect connection between the two systems through ubiquitylated proteins, recent data indicate the presence of connections and reciprocal regulation mechanisms between these degradation pathways. In this review, we summarize these direct and indirect interactions and crosstalks between autophagy and the UPS, and their implications for cellular stress responses and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Mehpare Kocaturk
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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He L, Liu X, Yang J, Li W, Liu S, Liu X, Yang Z, Ren J, Wang Y, Shan L, Guan C, Pei F, Lei L, Zhang Y, Yi X, Yang X, Liang J, Liu R, Sun L, Shang Y. Imbalance of the reciprocally inhibitory loop between the ubiquitin-specific protease USP43 and EGFR/PI3K/AKT drives breast carcinogenesis. Cell Res 2018; 28:934-951. [PMID: 30135474 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of EGFR/PI3K/AKT is a prominent feature of various human cancers. Thus, understanding how this molecular cascade is balanced is of great importance. We report here that the ubiquitin-specific protease USP43 is physically associated with the chromatin remodeling NuRD complex and catalyzes H2BK120 deubiquitination. Functionally this coordinates the NuRD complex to repress a cohort of genes, including EGFR, which are critically involved in cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. We show that USP43 strongly suppresses the growth and metastasis of breast cancer in vivo. Interestingly, USP43 also exists in the cytoplasm, where it is phosphorylated by AKT, enabling its binding to the 14-3-3β/ε heterodimer and sequestration in the cytoplasm. Significantly, hyperactivation of EGFR/PI3K/AKT in breast cancer is associated with the cytoplasmic retention of USP43 and thus, the inhibition of its transcriptional regulatory function. Moreover, cancer-associated mutations of USP43 affect its subcellular localization and/or epigenetic regulatory functions. Nuclear USP43 is significantly reduced in breast carcinomas and is associated with EGFR accumulation and AKT hyperactivation. A low level of nuclear USP43 correlates with higher histologic grades and poor prognosis. Our study identifies USP43 to be an H2BK120 deubiquitinase and a potential tumor suppressor and reveals a reciprocally inhibitory loop between USP43 and EGFR/PI3K/AKT, whose imbalance drives breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jianguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wanjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shumeng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xujun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ziran Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lin Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chengjian Guan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Oncology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Fei Pei
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liandi Lei
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xia Yi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Oncology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Luyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yongfeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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21
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Kim JH, Seo D, Kim SJ, Choi DW, Park JS, Ha J, Choi J, Lee JH, Jung SM, Seo KW, Lee EW, Lee YS, Cheong H, Choi CY, Park SH. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP20 stabilizes ULK1 and promotes autophagy initiation. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201744378. [PMID: 29487085 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy begins with the formation of autophagosomes, a process that depends on the activity of the serine/threonine kinase ULK1 (hATG1). Although earlier studies indicated that ULK1 activity is regulated by dynamic polyubiquitination, the deubiquitinase involved in the regulation of ULK1 remained unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that ubiquitin-specific protease 20 (USP20) acts as a positive regulator of autophagy initiation through stabilizing ULK1. At basal state, USP20 binds to and stabilizes ULK1 by removing the ubiquitin moiety, thereby interfering with the lysosomal degradation of ULK1. The stabilization of basal ULK1 protein levels is required for the initiation of starvation-induced autophagy, since the depletion of USP20 by RNA interference inhibits LC3 puncta formation, a marker of autophagic flux. At later stages of autophagy, USP20 dissociates from ULK1, resulting in enhanced ULK1 degradation and apoptosis. Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence that USP20 plays a crucial role in autophagy initiation by maintaining the basal expression level of ULK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dongyeob Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sun-Jick Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jihoon Ha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jungwon Choi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Su Myung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Wan Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Division of Biomedical Science, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Youn Sook Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Heesun Cheong
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Cheol Yong Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seok Hee Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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22
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Xing Y, Meng Q, Chen X, Zhao Y, Liu W, Hu J, Xue F, Wang X, Cai L. TRIM44 promotes proliferation and metastasis in non‑small cell lung cancer via mTOR signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30479-91. [PMID: 27058415 PMCID: PMC5058694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing protein 44 (TRIM44) was recently identified as a potential therapeutic target in several types of malignancy, but its effect on the clinical course of malignancy and its underlying regulatory mechanism remain largely unknown. The present study shows that upregulation of TRIM44 is associated with poor differentiation, advanced pTNM stage, adenocarcinoma subtype, lymph node metastasis and, most importantly, unfavorable survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). TRIM44 knockdown inhibited the invasion and migration of human NSCLC cells, which was concurrent with downregulation of mesenchymal markers and upregulation of epithelial markers. Overexpression of TRIM44 induced the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased the metastatic potential of lung cancer cells. Additionally, TRIM44 induced cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo by accelerating G1/S transition via upregulation of cyclins and CDKs. TRIM44-induced mTOR signaling, EMT, and cyclin/CDK upregulation were reversed by treatment with a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor. These results provide a model for the relationship between TRIM44 expression and lung cancer progression, and open up new avenues for the prognosis and therapy of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xing
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xuesong Chen
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Xue
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Li Cai
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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23
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Kawaguchi T, Komatsu S, Ichikawa D, Hirajima S, Nishimura Y, Konishi H, Shiozaki A, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Tsuda H, Otsuji E. Overexpression of TRIM44 is related to invasive potential and malignant outcomes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317700409. [PMID: 28618928 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317700409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that some members of the tripartite motif-containing protein family function as important regulators for carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether tripartite motif-containing protein 44 acts as a cancer-promoting gene through its overexpression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. We analyzed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines to evaluate malignant potential and also analyzed 68 primary tumors to evaluate clinical relevance of tripartite motif-containing protein 44 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Expression of the tripartite motif-containing protein 44 protein was detected in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (8/14 cell lines; 57%) and primary tumor samples of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (39/68 cases; 57%). Knockdown of tripartite motif-containing protein 44 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells using several specific small interfering RNAs inhibited cell migration and invasion, but not cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the overexpression of the tripartite motif-containing protein 44 protein in the tumor infiltrated region was associated with the status of lymph node metastasis ( p = 0.049), and the overall survival rates were significantly worse among patients with tripartite motif-containing protein 44-overexpressing tumors than those with non-expressing tumors ( p = 0.029). Moreover, multivariate Cox regression model identified that overexpression of the tripartite motif-containing protein 44 protein was an independent worse prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 2.815; p = 0.041), as well as lymphatic invasion (hazard ratio = 2.735; p = 0.037). These results suggest that tripartite motif-containing protein 44 protein could play a crucial role in tumor invasion through its overexpression and highlight its usefulness as a predictor and potential therapeutic target in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Kawaguchi
- 1 Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- 1 Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- 1 Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoji Hirajima
- 1 Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Nishimura
- 1 Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- 1 Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- 1 Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- 1 Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- 1 Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsuda
- 2 Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,3 Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- 1 Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) reverse the ubiquitylation of target proteins, thereby regulating diverse cellular functions. In contrast to the plethora of research being conducted on the ability of DUBs to counter the degradation of cellular proteins or auto-ubiquitylated E3 ligases, very little is known about the mechanisms of DUB regulation. In this review paper, we summarize a novel possible mechanism of DUB deubiquitylation by other DUBs. The available data suggest the need for further experiments to validate and characterize this notion of 'Dubbing DUBs'. The current studies indicate that the idea of deubiquitylation of DUBs by other DUBs is still in its infancy. Nevertheless, future research holds the promise of validation of this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Haq
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Deubiquitinating Enzyme USP20 Regulates Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 3 Stability and Biological Activity. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00432-16. [PMID: 28167606 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00432-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 (ERK3) is an atypical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) whose regulatory mechanisms and biological functions remain superficially understood. Contrary to most protein kinases, ERK3 is a highly unstable protein that is subject to dynamic regulation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. However, the effectors that control ERK3 ubiquitination and degradation are unknown. In this study, we carried out an unbiased functional loss-of-function screen of the human deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) family and identified ubiquitin-specific protease 20 (USP20) as a novel ERK3 regulator. USP20 interacts with and deubiquitinates ERK3 both in vitro and in intact cells. The overexpression of USP20 results in the stabilization and accumulation of the ERK3 protein, whereas USP20 depletion reduces the levels of ERK3. We found that the expression levels of ERK3 correlate with those of USP20 in various cellular contexts. Importantly, we show that USP20 regulates actin cytoskeleton organization and cell migration in a manner dependent on ERK3 expression. Our results identify USP20 as a bona fide regulator of ERK3 stability and physiological functions.
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26
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Yang Y, Wen Y, Zhang N. 1H, 13C and 15N backbone and side-chain resonance assignments of the ZnF-UBP domain of USP20/VDU2. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2017; 11:91-93. [PMID: 28091961 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-017-9726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Deubiquitinase USP20/VDU2 has been identified as a regulator of multiple proteins including hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, β2-adrenergic receptor, and tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 etc. It contains four structural domains, including an N-terminal zinc-finger ubiquitin binding domain (ZnF-UBP) that potentially helps USP20 to recruit its ubiquitin substrates. Here we report the 1H, 13C and 15N backbone and side-chain resonance assignments of the ZnF-UBP domain of USP20/VDU2. The BMRB accession number is 26901. The secondary structural elements predicted from the NMR data reveal a global fold consisting of three α-helices and four β-strands. The complete assignments can be used to explore the protein dynamics of the USP20 ZnF-UBP and its interactions with monoubiquitin and ubiquitin chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Naixia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
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27
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The functional interplay between the HIF pathway and the ubiquitin system - more than a one-way road. Exp Cell Res 2017; 356:152-159. [PMID: 28315321 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway and the ubiquitin system represent major cellular processes that are involved in the regulation of a plethora of cellular signaling pathways and tissue functions. The ubiquitin system controls the ubiquitination of proteins, which is the covalent linkage of one or several ubiquitin molecules to specific targets. This ubiquitination is catalyzed by approximately 1000 different E3 ubiquitin ligases and can lead to different effects, depending on the type of internal ubiquitin chain linkage. The best-studied function is the targeting of proteins for proteasomal degradation. The activity of E3 ligases is antagonized by proteins called deubiquitinases (or deubiquitinating enzymes), which negatively regulate ubiquitin chains. This is performed in most cases by the catalytic removal of these chains from the targeted protein. The HIF pathway is regulated in an oxygen-dependent manner by oxygen-sensing hydroxylases. Covalent modification of HIFα subunits leads to the recruitment of an E3 ligase complex via the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein and the subsequent polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of HIFα subunits, demonstrating the regulation of the HIF pathway by the ubiquitin system. This unidirectional effect of an E3 ligase on the HIF pathway is the best-studied example for the interplay between these two important cellular processes. However, additional regulatory mechanisms of the HIF pathway through the ubiquitin system are emerging and, more recently, also the reciprocal regulation of the ubiquitin system through components of the HIF pathway. Understanding these mechanisms and their relevance for the activity of each other is of major importance for the comprehensive elucidation of the oxygen-dependent regulation of cellular processes. This review describes the current knowledge of the functional bidirectional interplay between the HIF pathway and the ubiquitin system on the protein level.
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Wang C, Yang C, Ji J, Jiang J, Shi M, Cai Q, Yu Y, Zhu Z, Zhang J. Deubiquitinating enzyme USP20 is a positive regulator of Claspin and suppresses the malignant characteristics of gastric cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1136-1146. [PMID: 28350092 PMCID: PMC5363881 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance, the biological function and the mechanisms of USP20 in gastric cancer. The expression of USP20 in 89 pairs of primary gastric cancer and peritumoral gastric tissues specimens were measured by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of USP20 expression with the survival and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients were analyzed. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of ectopic USP20 expression and its impact on GC cells were also investigated. We found that the expression of USP20 is relatively low in GC tissues and negatively correlated with tumor size, tumor invasion and TNM staging. High expression of USP20 in GC predicted longer survival. Experimentally, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of USP20 expression significantly promoted cell proliferation, accelerated G1-S phase transition and attenuated the autophagy activity. Overexpression of USP20 led to the inhibition of proliferation, G1-S cell cycle transition delay and autophagy activation. Mechanistically, we confirmed that silencing the expression of USP20 in GC cells could reduce Claspin protein levels without altering Claspin mRNA levels, which is involved in the antitumor activity of USP20. Furthermore, the expression level of Claspin was relatively higher in peritumoral tissue than that of GC tissues and higher expression of Claspin in GC was also correlated with good prognosis of patients. Given its pivotal role in gastric tumorigenesis and progression, USP20 functioned as the tumor suppressor in GC and possessed promising value to be a therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jinling Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Qu Cai
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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29
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Zhang X, Jiang Y, Han W, Liu A, Xie X, Han C, Fan C, Wang H, Zhang H, Ding S, Shan Z, Teng W. Effect of Prolonged Iodine Overdose on Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase Ubiquitination-Related Enzymes in the Rat Pituitary. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:377-386. [PMID: 27156111 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of prolonged iodine overdose on type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) ubiquitination-related enzymes. Male Wistar rats were fed different doses of iodine and were then euthanized at the 4, 8, 12, or 24 weeks (4w, 8w, 12w, or 24w) after iodine administration. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4), and total triiodothyronine (TT3) were determined. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to measure mRNA and protein expression levels of pituitary D2 as well as two D2-specific ubiquitin ligases [WD repeat and SOCS box-containing protein 1 (WSB-1), membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 6 (MARCH6 or TEB4)] and two D2-specific deubiquitinating enzymes [ubiquitin-specific peptidase 20 (USP20) and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 33 (USP33)]. The mRNA and protein expression levels of USP19, a TEB4-specific deubiquitinating enzyme, were also measured. Prolonged high iodine intake significantly increased TSH expression. At 12w, TSH was 1.57-, 1.44-, and 2.11-fold of NI group in 6HI, 10HI, and 50HI groups, respectively. At 24w, TSH had increased to 2.11-fold in the 50HI group. The pituitary D2 protein level decreased at 12w and 24w; though the mRNA level did not change. Prolonged iodine intake increased mRNA and protein expression levels of pituitary WSB-1 and TEB4. High iodine intake had no discernible effects on USP20. Temporary increases in USP33 and USP19 mRNA levels were observed. The enzymes related to D2 ubiquitination change with prolonged high iodine intake. Increased D2 ubiquitination suppresses the activity of D2, causing a decrease in negative feedback of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zhang
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaqiu Jiang
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenqing Han
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Aihua Liu
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaochen Xie
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng Han
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenling Fan
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Wang
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuangning Ding
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, China.
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30
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Zhu X, Wu Y, Miao X, Li C, Yin H, Yang S, Lu X, Liu Y, Chen Y, Shen R, Chen X, He S. High expression of TRIM44 is associated with enhanced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and resistance to doxorubicin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14615-14628. [PMID: 27619678 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of TRIM44 has been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the clinicopathological and biological significance of TRIM44 in HCC. We found that TRIM44 mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in HCC compared with matched normal tissues. Intriguingly, we also found that TRIM44 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (P < 0.001), vascular invasion (P < 0.001), intrahepatic metastasis (P < 0.001), distant metastasis (P < 0.001), and Ki-67 expression (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high TRIM44 staining was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival (P < 0.001). TRIM44 was an independent predictor of overall survival in patients with HCC. Furthermore, we found that ectopic expression of TRIM44 could promote cell proliferation via accelerating the G1/S-phase transition in HCC. Moreover, overexpression of TRIM44 could enhance the invasive and migratory capacity of HCC cells. Meanwhile, we found that high expression of TRIM44 could enhance resistance of HCC cells to doxorubicin via accelerating NF-κB activation. In conclusion, our results suggest that TRIM44 may be a novel prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226361, China
| | - Yaxun Wu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226361, China
| | - Xiaobing Miao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226361, China
| | - Chunsun Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226361, China
| | - Haibing Yin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226361, China
| | - Shuyun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226361, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226361, China
| | - Yushan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226361, China
| | - Yali Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226361, China
| | - Rong Shen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226361, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226361, China.
| | - Song He
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226361, China.
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31
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Abstract
Deubiquitinases are deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which remove ubiquitin from proteins, thus regulating their proteasomal degradation, localization and activity. Here, we discuss DUBs as anti-cancer drug targets.
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32
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Schober AS, Berra E. DUBs, New Members in the Hypoxia Signaling clUb. Front Oncol 2016; 6:53. [PMID: 27014628 PMCID: PMC4783435 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular protein homeostasis is tightly regulated by ubiquitination. Responsible for target protein ubiquitination is a class of enzymes, the so-called ubiquitin E3 ligases. They are opposed to a second class of enzymes, called deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which can remove polyubiquitin chains from their specific target proteins. The coaction of the two sets of enzymes allows the cell to adapt its overall protein content and the abundance of particular proteins to a variety of cellular and environmental stresses, including hypoxia. In recent years, DUBs have been highlighted to play major roles in many diseases, including cancer, both as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Therefore, DUBs are emerging as promising targets for cancer-cell specific treatment. Here, we will review the current understanding of DUBs implicated in the control of hypoxia-inducible factor, the regulation of DUBs by hypoxia, and the use of DUB-specific drugs to target tumor hypoxia-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie S Schober
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias, CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Spain; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Center for Cell Imaging, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Edurne Berra
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias, CIC bioGUNE , Derio , Spain
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33
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Kietzmann T, Mennerich D, Dimova EY. Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) and Phosphorylation: Impact on Stability, Localization, and Transactivity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:11. [PMID: 26942179 PMCID: PMC4763087 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor α-subunits (HIFα) are key transcription factors in the mammalian response to oxygen deficiency. The HIFα regulation in response to hypoxia occurs primarily on the level of protein stability due to posttranslational hydroxylation and proteasomal degradation. However, HIF α-subunits also respond to various growth factors, hormones, or cytokines under normoxia indicating involvement of different kinase pathways in their regulation. Because these proteins participate in angiogenesis, glycolysis, programmed cell death, cancer, and ischemia, HIFα regulating kinases are attractive therapeutic targets. Although numerous kinases were reported to regulate HIFα indirectly, direct phosphorylation of HIFα affects HIFα stability, nuclear localization, and transactivity. Herein, we review the role of phosphorylation-dependent HIFα regulation with emphasis on protein stability, subcellular localization, and transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of OuluFinland
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34
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Melatonin and the von Hippel-Lindau/HIF-1 oxygen sensing mechanism: A review. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1865:176-83. [PMID: 26899267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous reports that melatonin inhibits the hypoxia-inducible factor, HIF-1α, and the HIF-1α-inducible gene, VEGF, both in vivo and in vitro. Through the inhibition of the HIF-1-VEGF pathway, melatonin reduces hypoxia-induced angiogenesis. Herein we discuss the interaction of melatonin with HIF-1α and HIF-1α-inducible genes in terms of what is currently known concerning the HIF-1α hypoxia response element (HIF-1α-HRE) pathway. The von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL), also known as the VHL tumor suppressor, functions as part of a ubiquitin ligase complex which recognizes HIF-1α as a substrate. As such, VHL is part of the oxygen sensing mechanism of the cell. Under conditions of hypoxia, HIF-1α stimulates the transcription of numerous HIF-1α-induced genes, including EPO, VEGF, and PFKFB3; the latter is an enzyme which regulates glycolysis. Data from several studies show that ROS generated in mitochondria under conditions of hypoxia stimulate HIF-1α. Since melatonin acts as an antioxidant and reduces ROS, these data suggest that the antioxidant action of melatonin could account for reduced HIF-1, less VEGF, and reduced glycolysis in cancer cells (Warburg effect). A direct or indirect inhibitory action (via the reduction in ROS) of melatonin on proteasome activity would account for much of the published data.
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35
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Moniz S, Bandarra D, Biddlestone J, Campbell KJ, Komander D, Bremm A, Rocha S. Cezanne regulates E2F1-dependent HIF2α expression. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3082-93. [PMID: 26148512 PMCID: PMC4541044 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.168864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms regulating protein degradation ensure the correct and timely expression of transcription factors such as hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). Under normal O2 tension, HIFα subunits are targeted for proteasomal degradation, mainly through vHL-dependent ubiquitylation. Deubiquitylases are responsible for reversing this process. Although the mechanism and regulation of HIFα by ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation has been the object of many studies, little is known about the role of deubiquitylases. Here, we show that expression of HIF2α (encoded by EPAS1) is regulated by the deubiquitylase Cezanne (also known as OTUD7B) in an E2F1-dependent manner. Knockdown of Cezanne downregulates HIF2α mRNA, protein and activity independently of hypoxia and proteasomal degradation. Mechanistically, expression of the HIF2α gene is controlled directly by E2F1, and Cezanne regulates the stability of E2F1. Exogenous E2F1 can rescue HIF2α transcript and protein expression when Cezanne is depleted. Taken together, these data reveal a novel mechanism for the regulation of the expression of HIF2α, demonstrating that the HIF2α promoter is regulated by E2F1 directly and that Cezanne regulates HIF2α expression through control of E2F1 levels. Our results thus suggest that HIF2α is controlled transcriptionally in a cell-cycle-dependent manner and in response to oncogenic signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Moniz
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Daniel Bandarra
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - John Biddlestone
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | | | - David Komander
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Anja Bremm
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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Cross Talk between Proliferative, Angiogenic, and Cellular Mechanisms Orchestred by HIF-1α in Psoriasis. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:607363. [PMID: 26136626 PMCID: PMC4475568 DOI: 10.1155/2015/607363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease where the altered regulation in angiogenesis, inflammation, and proliferation of keratinocytes are the possible causes of the disease, and the transcription factor “hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha” (HIF-1α) is involved in the homeostasis of these three biological phenomena. In this review, the role of HIF-1α in the cross talk between the cytokines and cells of the immunological system involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis is discussed.
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Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) play important roles and therefore are potential drug targets in various diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. In this review, we recapitulate structure-function studies of the most studied DUBs including USP7, USP22, CYLD, UCHL1, BAP1, A20, as well as ataxin 3 and connect them to regulatory mechanisms and their growing protein interaction networks. We then describe DUBs that have been associated with endocrine carcinogenesis with a focus on prostate, ovarian, and thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, and adrenocortical carcinoma. The goal is enhancing our understanding of the connection between dysregulated DUBs and cancer to permit the design of therapeutics and to establish biomarkers that could be used in diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Pfoh
- Department of BiologyYork University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J1P3
| | - Ira Kay Lacdao
- Department of BiologyYork University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J1P3
| | - Vivian Saridakis
- Department of BiologyYork University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J1P3
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38
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Analysis of indel variations in the human disease-associated genes CDKN2AIP, WDR66, USP20 and OR7C2 in a Korean population. J Genet 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-012-0129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bremm A, Moniz S, Mader J, Rocha S, Komander D. Cezanne (OTUD7B) regulates HIF-1α homeostasis in a proteasome-independent manner. EMBO Rep 2014; 15:1268-77. [PMID: 25355043 PMCID: PMC4264929 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201438850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor HIF-1α is essential for cells to rapidly adapt to low oxygen levels (hypoxia). HIF-1α is frequently deregulated in cancer and correlates with poor patient prognosis. Here, we demonstrate that the deubiquitinase Cezanne regulates HIF-1α homeostasis. Loss of Cezanne decreases HIF-1α target gene expression due to a reduction in HIF-1α protein levels. Surprisingly, although the Cezanne-regulated degradation of HIF-1α depends on the tumour suppressor pVHL, hydroxylase and proteasome activity are dispensable. Our data suggest that Cezanne is essential for HIF-1α protein stability and that loss of Cezanne stimulates HIF-1α degradation via proteasome-independent routes, possibly through chaperone-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bremm
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sonia Moniz
- College of Life Sciences, Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Julia Mader
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Sonia Rocha
- College of Life Sciences, Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - David Komander
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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40
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Wen P, Kong R, Liu J, Zhu L, Chen X, Li X, Nie Y, Wu K, Wu JY. USP33, a new player in lung cancer, mediates Slit-Robo signaling. Protein Cell 2014; 5:704-13. [PMID: 24981056 PMCID: PMC4145083 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific protease 33 (USP33) is a multifunctional protein regulating diverse cellular processes. The expression and role of USP33 in lung cancer remain unexplored. In this study, we show that USP33 is down-regulated in multiple cohorts of lung cancer patients and that low expression of USP33 is associated with poor prognosis. USP33 mediates Slit-Robo signaling in lung cancer cell migration. Downregulation of USP33 reduces the protein stability of Robo1 in lung cancer cells, providing a previously unknown mechanism for USP33 function in mediating Slit activity in lung cancer cells. Taken together, USP33 is a new player in lung cancer that regulates Slit-Robo signaling. Our data suggest that USP33 may be a candidate tumor suppressor for lung cancer with potential as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushuai Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001 China
| | - Ruirui Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710038 China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Jane Y. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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41
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Pal A, Young MA, Donato NJ. Emerging potential of therapeutic targeting of ubiquitin-specific proteases in the treatment of cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4955-66. [PMID: 25172841 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has emerged as a therapeutic focus and target for the treatment of cancer. The most clinically successful UPS-active agents (bortezomib and lenalidomide) are limited in application to hematologic malignancies, with only marginal efficacy in solid tumors. Inhibition of specific ubiquitin E3 ligases has also emerged as a valid therapeutic strategy, and many targets are currently being investigated. Another emerging and promising approach in regulation of the UPS involves targeting deubiquitinases (DUB). The DUBs comprise a relatively small group of proteins, most with cysteine protease activity that target several key proteins involved in regulation of tumorigenesis, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. Through their multiple contacts with ubiquitinated protein substrates involved in these pathways, DUBs provide an untapped means of modulating many important regulatory proteins that support oncogenic transformation and progression. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USP) are one class of DUBs that have drawn special attention as cancer targets, as many are differentially expressed or activated in tumors or their microenvironment, making them ideal candidates for drug development. This review attempts to summarize the USPs implicated in different cancers, the current status of USP inhibitor-mediated pharmacologic intervention, and future prospects for USP inhibitors to treat diverse cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Pal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Matthew A Young
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nicholas J Donato
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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42
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Chan NC, den Besten W, Sweredoski MJ, Hess S, Deshaies RJ, Chan DC. Degradation of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP33 is mediated by p97 and the ubiquitin ligase HERC2. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19789-98. [PMID: 24855649 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.569392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Because the deubiquitinating enzyme USP33 is involved in several important cellular processes (β-adrenergic receptor recycling, centrosome amplification, RalB signaling, and cancer cell migration), its levels must be carefully regulated. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we found that the intracellular level of USP33 is highly sensitive to the activity of p97. Knockdown or chemical inhibition of p97 causes robust accumulation of USP33 due to inhibition of its degradation. The p97 adaptor complex involved in this function is the Ufd1-Npl4 heterodimer. Furthermore, we identified HERC2, a HECT domain-containing E3 ligase, as being responsible for polyubiquitination of USP33. Inhibition of p97 causes accumulation of polyubiquitinated USP33, suggesting that p97 is required for postubiquitination processing. Thus, our study has identified several key molecules that control USP33 degradation within the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickie C Chan
- From the Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and
| | | | - Michael J Sweredoski
- From the Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, the Proteome Exploration Laboratory/Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Sonja Hess
- From the Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, the Proteome Exploration Laboratory/Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Raymond J Deshaies
- From the Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and
| | - David C Chan
- From the Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and
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43
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Mennerich D, Dimova EY, Kietzmann T. Direct phosphorylation events involved in HIF-α regulation: the role of GSK-3β. HYPOXIA 2014; 2:35-45. [PMID: 27774465 PMCID: PMC5045055 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s60703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), consisting of α- and β-subunits, are critical regulators of the transcriptional response to hypoxia under both physiological and pathological conditions. To a large extent, the protein stability and the recruitment of coactivators to the C-terminal transactivation domain of the HIF α-subunits determine overall HIF activity. The regulation of HIF α-subunit protein stability and coactivator recruitment is mainly achieved by oxygen-dependent posttranslational hydroxylation of conserved proline and asparagine residues, respectively. Under hypoxia, the hydroxylation events are inhibited and HIF α-subunits stabilize, translocate to the nucleus, dimerize with the β-subunits, and trigger a transcriptional response. However, under normal oxygen conditions, HIF α-subunits can be activated by various growth and coagulation factors, hormones, cytokines, or stress factors implicating the involvement of different kinase pathways in their regulation, thereby making HIF-α-regulating kinases attractive therapeutic targets. From the kinases known to regulate HIF α-subunits, only a few phosphorylate HIF-α directly. Here, we review the direct phosphorylation of HIF-α with an emphasis on the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and the consequences for HIF-1α function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mennerich
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elitsa Y Dimova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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44
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The deubiquitylase USP33 discriminates between RALB functions in autophagy and innate immune response. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 15:1220-30. [PMID: 24056301 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The RAS-like GTPase RALB mediates cellular responses to nutrient availability or viral infection by respectively engaging two components of the exocyst complex, EXO84 and SEC5. RALB employs SEC5 to trigger innate immunity signalling, whereas RALB-EXO84 interaction induces autophagocytosis. How this differential interaction is achieved molecularly by the RAL GTPase remains unknown. We found that whereas GTP binding turns on RALB activity, ubiquitylation of RALB at Lys 47 tunes its activity towards a particular effector. Specifically, ubiquitylation at Lys 47 sterically inhibits RALB binding to EXO84, while facilitating its interaction with SEC5. Double-stranded RNA promotes RALB ubiquitylation and SEC5-TBK1 complex formation. In contrast, nutrient starvation induces RALB deubiquitylation by accumulation and relocalization of the deubiquitylase USP33 to RALB-positive vesicles. Deubiquitylated RALB promotes the assembly of the RALB-EXO84-beclin-1 complexes driving autophagosome formation. Thus, ubiquitylation within the effector-binding domain provides the switch for the dual functions of RALB in autophagy and innate immune responses.
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45
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Li J, D'Angiolella V, Seeley ES, Kim S, Kobayashi T, Fu W, Campos EI, Pagano M, Dynlacht BD. USP33 regulates centrosome biogenesis via deubiquitination of the centriolar protein CP110. Nature 2013; 495:255-9. [PMID: 23486064 DOI: 10.1038/nature11941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Centrosome duplication is critical for cell division, and genome instability can result if duplication is not restricted to a single round per cell cycle. Centrosome duplication is controlled in part by CP110, a centriolar protein that positively regulates centriole duplication while restricting centriole elongation and ciliogenesis. Maintenance of normal CP110 levels is essential, as excessive CP110 drives centrosome over-duplication and suppresses ciliogenesis, whereas its depletion inhibits centriole amplification and leads to highly elongated centrioles and aberrant assembly of cilia in growing cells. CP110 levels are tightly controlled, partly through ubiquitination by the ubiquitin ligase complex SCF(cyclin F) during G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. Here, using human cells, we report a new mechanism for the regulation of centrosome duplication that requires USP33, a deubiquitinating enzyme that is able to regulate CP110 levels. USP33 interacts with CP110 and localizes to centrioles primarily in S and G2/M phases, the periods during which centrioles duplicate and elongate. USP33 potently and specifically deubiquitinates CP110, but not other cyclin-F substrates. USP33 activity antagonizes SCF(cyclin F)-mediated ubiquitination and promotes the generation of supernumerary centriolar foci, whereas ablation of USP33 destabilizes CP110 and thereby inhibits centrosome amplification and mitotic defects. To our knowledge, we have identified the first centriolar deubiquitinating enzyme whose expression regulates centrosome homeostasis by countering cyclin-F-mediated destruction of a key substrate. Our results point towards potential therapeutic strategies for inhibiting tumorigenesis associated with centrosome amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Institute, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 1st Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
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46
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Chen K, Chen S, Huang C, Cheng H, Zhou R. TCTP increases stability of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α by interaction with and degradation of the tumour suppressor VHL. Biol Cell 2013; 105:208-218. [PMID: 23387829 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION The translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) plays an important role in maintaining cell proliferation and its high expression is associated with many tumours. The tumour suppressor von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL) has been shown to function as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Although great progress has been made, biological roles of these factors and relevant molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, we have shown that TCTP specifically binds to VHL through its β domain and competes with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α). TCTP over-expression decreased the protein level of VHL and the inhibition of TCTP expression by miRNA resulted in an increase of the VHL protein level. Moreover, TCTP over-expression promoted the K48-linked ubiquitination of VHL, thus degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In addition, we showed that TCTP increased the protein level of HIF1α, which promoted both vascular endothelial growth factor-hypoxic response element-promoter-driven luciferase reporter and endogenous VEGF expression. CONCLUSIONS These data have demonstrated that TCTP binds to the β domain of VHL through competition with HIF1α, which promotes VHL degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and HIF1α stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuliang Chen
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Huang
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanhua Cheng
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjia Zhou
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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47
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Kashimoto K, Komatsu S, Ichikawa D, Arita T, Konishi H, Nagata H, Takeshita H, Nishimura Y, Hirajima S, Kawaguchi T, Shiozaki A, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Tsuda H, Otsuji E. Overexpression of TRIM44 contributes to malignant outcome in gastric carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:2021-6. [PMID: 22862969 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that some members of the tripartite motif-containing protein (TRIM) family, which is characterized by a conserved RING finger, B-box, and coiled-coil domains, function as important regulators for carcinogenesis. In this study, we tested whether TRIM44 (11p13) acts as a cancer-promoting gene through overexpression in gastric cancer. We analyzed seven gastric cancer cell lines and 112 primary tumors, which were curatively resected in our hospital between 2001 and 2003. Expression of the TRIM44 protein was detected in gastric cancer cell lines (2/7 cell lines; 29%) and primary tumor samples of gastric cancer (29/112 cases; 25%). Knockdown of TRIM44 expression using several specific siRNAs inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TRIM44-overexpressing cells. Overexpression of the TRIM44 protein was significantly correlated with an advanced type of macroscopic appearance, lymphatic invasion, and higher recurrence rate. TRIM44-overexpressing tumors had a worse overall rate of survival than those with non-expressing tumors (P = 0.0038, log-rank test) in both intensity and proportion expression-dependent manner. TRIM44 positivity was independently associated with worse outcome in multivariate analysis (P = 0.0233, hazard ratio 3.37 [1.18-9.64]). These findings suggest that TRIM44 plays a crucial role in tumor cell proliferation through its overexpression, and highlight its usefulness as a predictor and potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingo Kashimoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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48
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Loch CM, Strickler JE. A microarray of ubiquitylated proteins for profiling deubiquitylase activity reveals the critical roles of both chain and substrate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:2069-78. [PMID: 22626734 PMCID: PMC7113913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Substrate ubiquitylation is a reversible process critical to cellular homeostasis that is often dysregulated in many human pathologies including cancer and neurodegeneration. Elucidating the mechanistic details of this pathway could unlock a large store of information useful to the design of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Proteomic approaches to the questions at hand have generally utilized mass spectrometry (MS), which has been successful in identifying both ubiquitylation substrates and profiling pan-cellular chain linkages, but is generally unable to connect the two. Interacting partners of the deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) have also been reported by MS, although substrates of catalytically competent DUBs generally cannot be. Where they have been used towards the study of ubiquitylation, protein microarrays have usually functioned as platforms for the identification of substrates for specific E3 ubiquitin ligases. Here, we report on the first use of protein microarrays to identify substrates of DUBs, and in so doing demonstrate the first example of microarray proteomics involving multiple (i.e., distinct, sequential and opposing) enzymatic activities. This technique demonstrates the selectivity of DUBs for both substrate and type (mono- versus poly-) of ubiquitylation. This work shows that the vast majority of DUBs are monoubiquitylated in vitro, and are incapable of removing this modification from themselves. This work also underscores the critical role of utilizing both ubiquitin chains and substrates when attempting to characterize DUBs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Ubiquitin Drug Discovery and Diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Loch
- Division of Research & Development, LifeSensors, Inc., Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
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49
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Abstract
Post-translational modifications are used by cells to link additional information to proteins. Most modifications are subtle and concern small moieties such as a phosphate group or a lipid. In contrast, protein ubiquitylation entails the covalent attachment of a full-length protein such as ubiquitin. The protein ubiquitylation machinery is remarkably complex, comprising more than 15 Ubls (ubiquitin-like proteins) and several hundreds of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. Ubiquitin is best known for its role as a tag that induces protein destruction either by the proteasome or through targeting to lysosomes. However, addition of one or more Ubls also affects vesicular traffic, protein-protein interactions and signal transduction. It is by now well established that ubiquitylation is a component of most, if not all, cellular signalling pathways. Owing to its abundance in controlling cellular functions, ubiquitylation is also of key relevance to human pathologies, including cancer and inflammation. In the present review, we focus on its role in the control of cell adhesion, polarity and directional migration. It will become clear that protein modification by Ubls occurs at every level from the receptors at the plasma membrane down to cytoskeletal components such as actin, with differential consequences for the pathway's final output. Since ubiquitylation is fast as well as reversible, it represents a bona fide signalling event, which is used to fine-tune a cell's responses to receptor agonists.
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50
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Arrojo E Drigo R, Bianco AC. Type 2 deiodinase at the crossroads of thyroid hormone action. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:1432-41. [PMID: 21679772 PMCID: PMC3163779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone action can be customized on a cell-specific fashion through the controlled action of the deiodinase group of enzymes, which are homodimeric thioredoxin fold containing selenoproteins. Whereas the type II deiodinase (D2) initiates thyroid hormone signaling by activating the pro-hormone thyroxine (T4) to the biologically active T3 molecule, the type III deiodinase (D3) terminates thyroid hormone action by catalyzing the inactivation of both T4 and T3 molecules. Deiodinases play a role in thyroid hormone homeostasis, development, growth and metabolic control by affecting the intracellular levels of T3 and thus gene expression on a cell-specific basis. Whereas both Dio2 and Dio3 are transcriptionally regulated, ubiquitination of D2 is a switch mechanism that controls D2 activity and intracellular T3 production. The hedgehog-inducible WSB-1 and the yeast Doa10 mammalian ortholog TEB4 are two E3 ligases that inactivate D2 via ubiquitination. Inactivation involves disruption of the D2:D2 dimer and can be reversed via two ubiquitin-specific proteases, USP20 and USP33, rescuing catalytic activity and T3 production. The ubiquitin-based switch mechanism that controls D2 activity illustrates how different cell types fine-tune thyroid hormone signaling, making D2 a suitable target for pharmacological intervention. This article reviews the cellular and molecular aspects of D2 regulation and the current models of D2-mediated thyroid hormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Arrojo E Drigo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
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