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Kushibiki H, Mizukami H, Osonoi S, Takeuchi Y, Sasaki T, Ogasawara S, Wada K, Midorikawa S, Ryuzaki M, Wang Z, Yamada T, Yamazaki K, Tarusawa T, Tanba T, Mikami T, Matsubara A, Ishibashi Y, Hakamada K, Nakaji S. Tryptophan metabolism and small fibre neuropathy: a correlation study. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae103. [PMID: 38618209 PMCID: PMC11010654 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Small nerve fibres located in the epidermis sense pain. Dysfunction of these fibres decreases the pain threshold known as small fibre neuropathy. Diabetes mellitus is accompanied by metabolic changes other than glucose, synergistically eliciting small fibre neuropathy. These findings suggest that various metabolic changes may be involved in small fibre neuropathy. Herein, we explored the correlation between pain sensation and changes in plasma metabolites in healthy Japanese subjects. The pain threshold evaluated from the intraepidermal electrical stimulation was used to quantify pain sensation in a total of 1021 individuals in the 2017 Iwaki Health Promotion Project. Participants with a pain threshold evaluated from the intraepidermal electrical stimulation index <0.20 mA were categorized into the pain threshold evaluated from the intraepidermal electrical stimulation index-low group (n = 751); otherwise, they were categorized into the pain threshold evaluated from the intraepidermal electrical stimulation index-high group (n = 270). Metabolome analysis of plasma was conducted using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The metabolite set enrichment analysis revealed that the metabolism of tryptophan was significantly correlated with the pain threshold evaluated from the intraepidermal electrical stimulation index in all participants (P < 0.05). The normalized level of tryptophan was significantly decreased in participants with a high pain threshold evaluated from the intraepidermal electrical stimulation index. In addition to univariate linear regression analyses, the correlation between tryptophan concentration and the pain threshold evaluated from the intraepidermal electrical stimulation index remained significant after adjustment for multiple factors (β = -0.07615, P < 0.05). These findings indicate that specific metabolic changes are involved in the deterioration of pain thresholds. Here, we show that abnormal tryptophan metabolism is significantly correlated with an elevated pain threshold evaluated from the intraepidermal electrical stimulation index in the Japanese population. This correlation provides insight into the pathology and clinical application of small fibre neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Kushibiki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Sho Osonoi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takanori Sasaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Saori Ogasawara
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kanichiro Wada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shin Midorikawa
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Masaki Ryuzaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Zhenchao Wang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takefusa Tarusawa
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Taiyo Tanba
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsubara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
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Mehta D, Sharma P, Singh S. ATP-triggered, selective superoxide radical generating oxidase-mimetic cerium oxide nanozyme exhibiting efficient antibacterial activity at physiological pH. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 231:113531. [PMID: 37742363 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are considered as one of the major health threats to the global population. The advent of bacterial species with antibiotic resistance has attracted significant efforts to develop novel materials and strategies to effectively avoid the resistance with enhanced antibacterial potential. In this work, we have developed oxidase-mimetic cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs), which exhibit nanozyme activity at physiological pH in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The oxidase-mimetic activity was confirmed to involve superoxide radicals using p-benzoquinone and dihydroethidium. Using indole propionic acid, ethanol, and terephthalic acid, it was confirmed that the oxidase-mimetic activity of CeO2 NPs with ATP does not involve the formation of hydroxyl radicals. CeO2 NPs with ATP produced a strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli within 3 - 6 hrs. The bacterial cell morphology analysis suggested that superoxide radicals generated during the oxidase-mimetic activity of CeO2 NPs with ATP cause distortion of paired and tetrad arrangement (Staphylococcus aureus), loss of cytoplasmic content, damage, and pore formation in the cell wall (Escherichia coli) that led to the death of bacteria. Further, the live/dead assay also concludes the time-dependent death of bacterial cells with the highest death in the cell population exposed to CeO2 NPs and ATP. Thus, the antibacterial activity at physiological pH by superoxide radical generating oxidase-mimetic CeO2 NPs could be further extended to other pathogenic bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mehta
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Opposite Journalist Colony, Near Gowlidoddy, Extended Q-City Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India; DBT-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Paresh Sharma
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Opposite Journalist Colony, Near Gowlidoddy, Extended Q-City Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India; DBT-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Opposite Journalist Colony, Near Gowlidoddy, Extended Q-City Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India; DBT-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
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3
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Liu A, Shen H, Li Q, He J, Wang B, Du W, Li G, Zhang M, Zhang X. Determination of tryptophan and its indole metabolites in follicular fluid of women with diminished ovarian reserve. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17124. [PMID: 37816920 PMCID: PMC10564947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP) and its indole metabolites exhibit numerous biological effects, especially their antioxidant properties. This study used untargeted metabolomics in conjunction with targeted metabolomics to investigate the differential expression of tryptophan and its indole metabolites in follicular fluid (FF) of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and normal ovarian reserve (NOR) populations. This study included patients with DOR (n = 50) and females with NOR (n = 35) who received in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Untargeted metabolomics suggests that diminished ovarian reserve affects the metabolic profile of FF, TRP and indole metabolites were significantly down-regulated in the DOR group. Targeted metabolomics quantification revealed that the levels of TRP, IPA and IAA in the FF of the DOR group were significantly lower than those of the NOR group (P < 0.01). The concentration of TRP in FF is positively correlated with the available embryo rate in NOR females. These results provide data support to explore the pathogenesis of DOR and to look for new biomarkers and ovarian protectors. Additionally, alterations in TRP and its indole metabolites in FF may indirectly reflect the interaction between intestinal flora and the follicular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahui Liu
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haofei Shen
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyuan Li
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan He
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Du
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, No. 1 Dong Gang Xi Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Mingtong Zhang
- Gansu Inspection and Testing Technical Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal and Tibetan Medicine, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of TCM, Gansu Institute for Drug Control, No.7 Yin'an Road, An Ning District, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, No. 1 Dong Gang Xi Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Anderson GM. Determination of Indolepropionic Acid and Related Indoles in Plasma, Plasma Ultrafiltrate, and Saliva. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050602. [PMID: 37233643 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial metabolite indolepropionic acid (IPA) and related indolic metabolites, including indolecarboxylic acid (ICA), indolelactic acid (ILA), indoleacetic acid (IAA), indolebutyric acid (IBA), indoxylsulfate (ISO4), and indole, were determined in human plasma, plasma ultrafiltrate (UF), and saliva. The compounds were separated on a 150 × 3 mm column of 3 μm Hypersil C18 eluted with a mobile phase of 80% pH 5 0.01 M sodium acetate containing 1.0 g/L of tert-butylammonium chloride/20% acetonitrile and then detected fluorometrically. Levels of IPA in human plasma UF and of ILA in saliva are reported for the first time. The determination of IPA in plasma UF enables the first report of free plasma IPA, the presumed physiologically active pool of this important microbial metabolite of tryptophan. Plasma and salivary ICA and IBA were not detected, consistent with the absence of any prior reported values. Observed levels or limits of detection for other indolic metabolites usefully supplement limited prior reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Anderson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 230 S. Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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5
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Extensive Summary of the Important Roles of Indole Propionic Acid, a Gut Microbial Metabolite in Host Health and Disease. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010151. [PMID: 36615808 PMCID: PMC9824871 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that metabolites produced by the gut microbiota play a crucial role in host-microbe interactions. Dietary tryptophan ingested by the host enters the gut, where indole-like metabolites such as indole propionic acid (IPA) are produced under deamination by commensal bacteria. Here, we summarize the IPA-producing bacteria, dietary patterns on IPA content, and functional roles of IPA in various diseases. IPA can not only stimulate the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins to enhance gut barrier function and inhibit the penetration of toxic factors, but also modulate the immune system to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects to synergistically regulate body physiology. Moreover, IPA can act on target organs through blood circulation to form the gut-organ axis, which helps maintain systemic homeostasis. IPA shows great potential for the diagnosis and treatment of various clinical diseases, such as NAFLD, Alzheimer's disease, and breast cancer. However, the therapeutic effect of IPA depends on dose, target organ, or time. In future studies, further work should be performed to explore the effects and mechanisms of IPA on host health and disease to further improve the existing treatment program.
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6
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Arifuzzaman M, Won TH, Li TT, Yano H, Digumarthi S, Heras AF, Zhang W, Parkhurst CN, Kashyap S, Jin WB, Putzel GG, Tsou AM, Chu C, Wei Q, Grier A, Worgall S, Guo CJ, Schroeder FC, Artis D. Inulin fibre promotes microbiota-derived bile acids and type 2 inflammation. Nature 2022; 611:578-584. [PMID: 36323778 PMCID: PMC10576985 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibres can exert beneficial anti-inflammatory effects through microbially fermented short-chain fatty acid metabolites<sup>1,2</sup>, although the immunoregulatory roles of most fibre diets and their microbiota-derived metabolites remain poorly defined. Here, using microbial sequencing and untargeted metabolomics, we show that a diet of inulin fibre alters the composition of the mouse microbiota and the levels of microbiota-derived metabolites, notably bile acids. This metabolomic shift is associated with type 2 inflammation in the intestine and lungs, characterized by IL-33 production, activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells and eosinophilia. Delivery of cholic acid mimics inulin-induced type 2 inflammation, whereas deletion of the bile acid receptor farnesoid X receptor diminishes the effects of inulin. The effects of inulin are microbiota dependent and were reproduced in mice colonized with human-derived microbiota. Furthermore, genetic deletion of a bile-acid-metabolizing enzyme in one bacterial species abolishes the ability of inulin to trigger type 2 inflammation. Finally, we demonstrate that inulin enhances allergen- and helminth-induced type 2 inflammation. Taken together, these data reveal that dietary inulin fibre triggers microbiota-derived cholic acid and type 2 inflammation at barrier surfaces with implications for understanding the pathophysiology of allergic inflammation, tissue protection and host defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arifuzzaman
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tae Hyung Won
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yano
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sreehaas Digumarthi
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea F Heras
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher N Parkhurst
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanchita Kashyap
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen-Bing Jin
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory Garbès Putzel
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy M Tsou
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Coco Chu
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qianru Wei
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Grier
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Worgall
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chun-Jun Guo
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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Konus M, Çetin D, Kızılkan ND, Yılmaz C, Fidan C, Algso M, Kavak E, Kivrak A, Kurt-Kızıldoğan A, Otur Ç, Mutlu D, Abdelsalam AH, Arslan S. Synthesis and biological activity of new indole based derivatives as potent anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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8
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Li S, Zhao X, Lin F, Ni X, Liu X, Kong C, Yao X, Mo Y, Dai Q, Wang J. Gut Flora Mediates the Rapid Tolerance of Electroacupuncture on Ischemic Stroke by Activating Melatonin Receptor through Regulating Indole-3-Propionic Acid. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:979-1006. [PMID: 35475976 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) is commonly used to treat cerebrovascular diseases. This study aimed to clarify the mechanisms of action of treatments of cerebral ischemic stroke from the perspective of gut microecology. We used a mouse model and cell cultures to investigate the effects of EA on the intestinal microflora in mice models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and the mechanisms underlying the antioxidant activities of metabolites. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was used to validate the roles of gut microbiota. Metabolomic analysis was performed to characterize the metabolic profile differences between the mice in the EA + MCAO and MCAO groups. Gavaging with feces relieved brain damage in mice that received EA (EA mice) more than in mice that did not (non-EA [NEA] mice). The gut microbial composition and metabolic profiles of the EA and NEA mice were different. In particular, the microbiota from the mice in the EA or EA-FMT groups generated more indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) than the microbiota from the mice in the MCAO or NEA-FMT groups. We confirmed that IPA binds to specific melatonin receptors (MTRs) in target cells and exerts antioxidant effects by adding MTR inhibitors or knocking out the MTR1 gene in vivo and in the oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion models of N2a cell experiments. EA can prevent ischemic stroke by improving the composition of intestinal microbiota in MCAO mice. Moreover, this study reveals a new mechanism of intestinal flora regulation of stroke that differs from inflammation/immunity, namely gut microbiota regulates stroke by affecting IPA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Feihong Lin
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Xuqing Ni
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Xia Liu
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Chang Kong
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Yao
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yunchang Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Qinxue Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Junlu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
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9
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Yue Q, Wang Z, Yu F, Tang X, Su L, Zhang S, Sun X, Li K, Zhao C, Zhao L. Changes in metabolite profiles and antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of Laminaria japonica after fermentation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Biological Effects of Indole-3-Propionic Acid, a Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite, and Its Precursor Tryptophan in Mammals' Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031222. [PMID: 35163143 PMCID: PMC8835432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Actions of symbiotic gut microbiota are in dynamic balance with the host’s organism to maintain homeostasis. Many different factors have an impact on this relationship, including bacterial metabolites. Several substrates for their synthesis have been established, including tryptophan, an exogenous amino acid. Many biological processes are influenced by the action of tryptophan and its endogenous metabolites, serotonin, and melatonin. Recent research findings also provide evidence that gut bacteria-derived metabolites of tryptophan share the biological effects of their precursor. Thus, this review aims to investigate the biological actions of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut microbiota-derived metabolite of tryptophan. We searched PUBMED and Google Scholar databases to identify pre-clinical and clinical studies evaluating the impact of IPA on the health and pathophysiology of the immune, nervous, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular system in mammals. IPA exhibits a similar impact on the energetic balance and cardiovascular system to its precursor, tryptophan. Additionally, IPA has a positive impact on a cellular level, by preventing oxidative stress injury, lipoperoxidation and inhibiting synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Its synthesis can be diminished in the presence of different risk factors of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, protective factors, such as the introduction of a Mediterranean diet, tend to increase its plasma concentration. IPA seems to be a promising new target, linking gut health with the cardiovascular system.
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Zhang B, Jiang M, Zhao J, Song Y, Du W, Shi J. The Mechanism Underlying the Influence of Indole-3-Propionic Acid: A Relevance to Metabolic Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:841703. [PMID: 35370963 PMCID: PMC8972051 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.841703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome has become a serious public health problem. Certain bacteria-derived metabolites play a key role in maintaining human health by regulating the host metabolism. Recent evidence shows that indole-3-propionic acid content can be used to predict the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases. Supplementing indole-3-propionic acid can effectively improve metabolic disorders and is considered a promising metabolite. Therefore, this article systematically reviews the latest research on indole-3-propionic acid and elaborates its source of metabolism and its association with metabolic diseases. Indole-3-propionic acid can improve blood glucose and increase insulin sensitivity, inhibit liver lipid synthesis and inflammatory factors, correct intestinal microbial disorders, maintain the intestinal barrier, and suppress the intestinal immune response. The study of the mechanism of the metabolic benefits of indole-3-propionic acid is expected to be a potential compound for treating metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zhang
- Department of Translational Medicine Platform, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Jiang
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Song
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Du
- Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weidong Du, ; Junping Shi,
| | - Junping Shi
- Department of Translational Medicine Platform, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Infectious & Hepatology Diseases, Metabolic Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weidong Du, ; Junping Shi,
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Owumi SE, Adedara IA, Oyelere AK. Indole-3-propionic acid mitigates chlorpyrifos-mediated neurotoxicity by modulating cholinergic and redox-regulatory systems, inflammatory stress, apoptotic responses and DNA damage in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 89:103786. [PMID: 34915193 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study probed the neuroprotective influence of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) in rats exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF) alone at 5 mg/kg body weight or co-administered with IPA at 12.5 and 25 mg/kg for 14 days. Behavioral data indicated that IPA significantly (p < 0.05) abated CPF-mediated anxiogenic-like behaviors with concomitant improvement in the locomotor and exploratory behaviors as substantiated by track plots and heat maps data. Also, IPA mitigated CPF-mediated diminution in cholinergic and antioxidant defense systems whereas it markedly improved thioredoxin level and thioredoxin reductase activity in cerebral and cerebellar tissues of the animals. Co-administration of IPA significantly enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 but suppressed oxidative and inflammatory stress, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation with concomitant reduction in 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level and histological damage. Collectively, IPA-mediated neuroprotection involves modulation of cholinergic and redox-regulatory systems, inflammatory stress, apoptotic responses and DNA damage in cerebrum and cerebellum of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Liu F, Sun C, Chen Y, Du F, Yang Y, Wu G. Indole-3-propionic Acid-aggravated CCl 4-induced Liver Fibrosis via the TGF-β1/Smads Signaling Pathway. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:917-930. [PMID: 34966655 PMCID: PMC8666369 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The pathogenesis of liver fibrosis involves liver damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal dysfunction. Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) has been demonstrated to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, and a role in maintaining gut homeostasis. The current study aimed to investigate the role of IPA in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The liver fibrosis model was established in male C57BL/6 mice by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 twice weekly. IPA intervention was made orally (20 mg/kg daily). The degree of liver injury and fibrosis were assessed by serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and histopathology. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to detect the inflammatory cytokines. The malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were determined via commercial kits. Hepatocyte apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. The expression of mRNA and protein was assayed by qPCR, Western blotting, or immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS After IPA treatment, the ALT and AST, apoptotic cells, and pro-inflammatory factor levels were enhanced significantly. Moreover, IPA intervention up-regulated the expression of collagen I, α-smooth muscle actin, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad3, and phosphorylated-Smad2/3. Additionally, IPA intervention did not affect the MDA level. Attractively, the administration of IPA remodeled the gut flora structure. CONCLUSIONS IPA aggravated CCl4-induced liver damage and fibrosis by activating HSCs via the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gang Wu
- Correspondence to: Gang Wu, Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2513-5089. Tel/Fax: +86-830-3165-625, E-mail:
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"The quantitative determination of indolic microbial tryptophan metabolites in human and rodent samples: A systematic review". J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1186:123008. [PMID: 34735972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations reported for indolic microbial metabolites of tryptophan in human and rodent brain, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, saliva and feces were compiled and discussed. A systematic review of the literature was accomplished by key word searches of Pubmed, Google Scholar and the Human Metabolome Data Base (HMDB), and by searching bibliographies of identified publications including prior reviews. The review was prompted by the increasing appreciation of the physiological importance of the indolic compounds in human health and disease. The compounds included were indoleacetic acid (IAA), indole propionic acid (IPA), indoleacrylic acid (IACR), indolelactic acid (ILA) indolepyruvic acid (IPY), indoleacetaldehyde (IAALD), indolealdehyde (IALD), tryptamine (TAM), indole (IND) and skatole (SKT). The undertaking aimed to vet and compare existing reports, to resolve apparent discrepancies, to draw biological inferences from the consideration of multiple analytes across sample types, to survey the analytical methodologies used, and to point out areas in need of greater attention.
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Konopelski P, Chabowski D, Aleksandrowicz M, Kozniewska E, Podsadni P, Szczepanska A, Ufnal M. Indole-3-propionic acid, a tryptophan-derived bacterial metabolite, increases blood pressure via cardiac and vascular mechanisms in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R969-R981. [PMID: 34755563 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00142.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that gut bacteria-derived metabolites interact with the cardiovascular system and alter blood pressure (BP) in mammals. Here, we evaluated the effect of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut bacteria-derived metabolite of tryptophan, on the circulatory system. Arterial BP, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic (ECHO) parameters were recorded in male, anesthetized, 12-wk-old Wistar-Kyoto rats at baseline and after intravenous administration of either IPA or vehicle. In additional experiments, rats were pretreated with prazosin or pentolinium to evaluate the involvement of the autonomic nervous system in cardiovascular responses to IPA. IPA's concentrations were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The reactivity of endothelium-intact and -denuded mesenteric resistance arteries was tested. Cells' viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assays were performed on cultured cardiomyocytes. IPA increased BP with a concomitant bradycardic response but no significant change in QTc interval. The pretreatment with prazosin and pentolinium reduced the hypertensive response. ECHO showed increased contractility of the heart after the administration of IPA. Ex vivo, IPA constricted predilated and endothelium-denuded mesenteric resistance arteries and increased metabolic activity of cardiomyocytes. IPA increases BP via cardiac and vascular mechanisms in rats. Furthermore, IPA increases cardiac contractility and metabolic activity of cardiomyocytes. Our study suggests that IPA may act as a mediator between gut microbiota and the circulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Konopelski
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Chabowski
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Aleksandrowicz
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kozniewska
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Podsadni
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szczepanska
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ufnal
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Oosterbeek M, Lozano-Torres JL, Bakker J, Goverse A. Sedentary Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Alter Auxin Homeostasis via Multiple Strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:668548. [PMID: 34122488 PMCID: PMC8193132 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.668548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary endoparasites such as cyst and root-knot nematodes infect many important food crops and are major agro-economical pests worldwide. These plant-parasitic nematodes exploit endogenous molecular and physiological pathways in the roots of their host to establish unique feeding structures. These structures function as highly active transfer cells and metabolic sinks and are essential for the parasites' growth and reproduction. Plant hormones like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are a fundamental component in the formation of these feeding complexes. However, their underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms are still elusive despite recent advances in the field. This review presents a comprehensive overview of known functions of various auxins in plant-parasitic nematode infection sites, based on a systematic analysis of current literature. We evaluate multiple aspects involved in auxin homeostasis in plants, including anabolism, catabolism, transport, and signalling. From these analyses, a picture emerges that plant-parasitic nematodes have evolved multiple strategies to manipulate auxin homeostasis to establish a successful parasitic relationship with their host. Additionally, there appears to be a potential role for auxins other than IAA in plant-parasitic nematode infections that might be of interest to be further elucidated.
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Iwan P, Stepniak J, Karbownik-Lewinska M. Cumulative Protective Effect of Melatonin and Indole-3-Propionic Acid against KIO 3-Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Porcine Thyroid. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9050089. [PMID: 33919052 PMCID: PMC8143077 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9050089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency is the main environmental factor leading to thyroid cancer. At the same time iodine excess may also contribute to thyroid cancer. Potassium iodate (KIO3), which is broadly used in salt iodization program, may increase oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) under experimental conditions, with the strongest damaging effect at KIO3 concentration of ~10 mM (corresponding to physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid). Melatonin and indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) are effective antioxidative indoles, each of which protects against KIO3-induced LPO in the thyroid. The study aims to check if melatonin used together with IPA (in their highest achievable in vitro concentrations) reveals stronger protective effects against KIO3-induced LPO in porcine thyroid homogenates than each of these antioxidants used separately. Homogenates were incubated in the presence of KIO3 (200; 100; 50; 25; 20; 15; 10; 7.5; 5.0; 2.5; 1.25; 0.0 mM) without/with melatonin (5 mM) or without/with IPA (10 mM) or without/with melatonin + IPA, and then, to further clarify the narrow range of KIO3 concentrations, against which melatonin + IPA reveal cumulative protective effects, the following KIO3 concentrations were used: 20; 18.75; 17.5; 16.25; 15; 13.75; 12.5; 11.25; 10; 8.75; 7.5; 0.0 mM. Malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA) concentration (LPO index) was measured spectrophotometrically. Protective effects of melatonin + IPA were stronger than those revealed by each antioxidant used separately, but only when LPO was induced by KIO3 in concentrations from 18.75 mM to 8.75 mM, corresponding to physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid. In conclusion, melatonin and indole-3-propionic acid exert cumulative protective effects against oxidative damage caused by KIO3, when this prooxidant is used in concentrations close to physiological iodine concentrations in the thyroid. Therefore, the simultaneous administration of these two indoles should be considered to prevent more effectively oxidative damage (and thereby thyroid cancer formation) caused by iodine compounds applied in iodine prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Iwan
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowski St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (P.I.); (J.S.)
| | - Jan Stepniak
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowski St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (P.I.); (J.S.)
| | - Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowski St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (P.I.); (J.S.)
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Gesper M, Nonnast ABH, Kumowski N, Stoehr R, Schuett K, Marx N, Kappel BA. Gut-Derived Metabolite Indole-3-Propionic Acid Modulates Mitochondrial Function in Cardiomyocytes and Alters Cardiac Function. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:648259. [PMID: 33829028 PMCID: PMC8019752 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.648259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The gut microbiome has been linked to the onset of cardiometabolic diseases, in part facilitated through gut microbiota-dependent metabolites such as trimethylamine-N-oxide. However, molecular pathways associated to heart failure mediated by microbial metabolites remain largely elusive. Mitochondria play a pivotal role in cellular energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated to heart failure pathogenesis. Aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of gut-derived metabolites on mitochondrial function in cardiomyocytes via an in vitro screening approach. Methods: Based on a systematic Medline research, 25 microbial metabolites were identified and screened for their metabolic impact with a focus on mitochondrial respiration in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Oxygen consumption rate in response to different modulators of the respiratory chain were measured by a live-cell metabolic assay platform. For one of the identified metabolites, indole-3-propionic acid, studies on specific mitochondrial complexes, cytochrome c, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species production were performed. Mitochondrial function in response to this metabolite was further tested in human hepatic and endothelial cells. Additionally, the effect of indole-3-propionic acid on cardiac function was studied in isolated perfused hearts of C57BL/6J mice. Results: Among the metabolites examined, microbial tryptophan derivative indole-3-propionic acid could be identified as a modulator of mitochondrial function in cardiomyocytes. While acute treatment induced enhancement of maximal mitochondrial respiration (+21.5 ± 7.8%, p < 0.05), chronic exposure led to mitochondrial dysfunction (-18.9 ± 9.1%; p < 0.001) in cardiomyocytes. The latter effect of indole-3-propionic acids could also be observed in human hepatic and endothelial cells. In isolated perfused mouse hearts, indole-3-propionic acid was dose-dependently able to improve cardiac contractility from +26.8 ± 11.6% (p < 0.05) at 1 μM up to +93.6 ± 14.4% (p < 0.001) at 100 μM. Our mechanistic studies on indole-3-propionic acids suggest potential involvement of fatty acid oxidation in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Our data indicate a direct impact of microbial metabolites on cardiac physiology. Gut-derived metabolite indole-3-propionic acid was identified as mitochondrial modulator in cardiomyocytes and altered cardiac function in an ex vivo mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Gesper
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alena B H Nonnast
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Kumowski
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Stoehr
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Schuett
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ben A Kappel
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Subchronic N-acetylcysteine Treatment Decreases Brain Kynurenic Acid Levels and Improves Cognitive Performance in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020147. [PMID: 33498402 PMCID: PMC7909398 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tryptophan (Trp) metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an α7-nicotinic and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist. Elevated brain KYNA levels are commonly seen in psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases and may be related to cognitive impairments. Recently, we showed that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibits kynurenine aminotransferase II (KAT II), KYNA's key biosynthetic enzyme, and reduces KYNA neosynthesis in rats in vivo. In this study, we examined if repeated systemic administration of NAC influences brain KYNA and cognitive performance in mice. Animals received NAC (100 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 7 days. Redox markers, KYNA levels, and KAT II activity were determined in the brain. We also assessed the effect of repeated NAC treatment on Trp catabolism using brain tissue slices ex vivo. Finally, learning and memory was evaluated with and without an acute challenge with KYNA's bioprecursor L-kynurenine (Kyn; 100 mg/kg). Subchronic NAC administration protected against an acute pro-oxidant challenge, decreased KYNA levels, and lowered KAT II activity and improved memory both under basal conditions and after acute Kyn treatment. In tissue slices from these mice, KYNA neosynthesis from Trp or Kyn was reduced. Together, our data indicate that prolonged treatment with NAC may enhance memory at least in part by reducing brain KYNA levels.
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Fernández-López L, Molina-Carballo A, Cubero-Millán I, Checa-Ros A, Machado-Casas I, Blanca-Jover E, Jerez-Calero A, Madrid-Fernández Y, Uberos J, Muñoz-Hoyos A. Indole Tryptophan Metabolism and Cytokine S100B in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Daily Fluctuations, Responses to Methylphenidate, and Interrelationship with Depressive Symptomatology. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2020; 30:177-188. [PMID: 32048862 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2019.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Indole tryptophan metabolites (ITMs), mainly produced at the gastrointestinal level, participate in bidirectional gut-brain communication and have been implicated in neuropsychiatric pathologies, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: A total of 179 children, 5-14 years of age, including a healthy control group (CG, n = 49), and 107 patients with ADHD participated in the study. The ADHD group was further subdivided into predominantly attention deficit (PAD) and predominantly hyperactive impulsive (PHI) subgroups. Blood samples were drawn at 20:00 and 09:00 hours, and urine was collected between blood draws, at baseline and after 4.63 ± 2.3 months of methylphenidate treatment in the ADHD group. Levels and daily fluctuations of ITM were measured by tandem mass spectrometer, and S100B (as a glial inflammatory marker) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Factorial analysis of variance (Stata 12.0) was performed with groups/subgroups, time (baseline/after treatment), hour of day (morning/evening), and presence of depressive symptoms (DS; no/yes) as factors. Results: Tryptamine and indoleacetic acid (IAA) showed no differences between the CG and ADHD groups. Tryptamine exhibited higher evening values (p < 0.0001) in both groups. No changes were associated with methylphenidate or DS. At baseline, in comparison with the rest of study sample, PHI with DS+ group showed among them much greater morning than evening IAA (p < 0.0001), with treatment causing a 50% decrease (p = 0.002). Concerning indolepropionic acid (IPA) MPH was associated with a morning IPA decrease and restored the daily profile observed in the CG. S100B protein showed greater morning than evening concentrations (p = 0.001) in both groups. Conclusion: Variations in ITM may reflect changes associated with the presence of DS, including improvement, among ADHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Fernández-López
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina-Carballo
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Cubero-Millán
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Checa-Ros
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Machado-Casas
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique Blanca-Jover
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Jerez-Calero
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | | | - José Uberos
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Hoyos
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
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Brinkevich SD, Kuzmuk DA, Sverdlov RL, Shadyro OI. Radiation-Induced Transformations of Tryptophan and Its Derivatives in Oxygenated Ethanol. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s001814391906002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Hanley MP, Aladelokun O, Kadaveru K, Rosenberg DW. Methyl Donor Deficiency Blocks Colorectal Cancer Development by Affecting Key Metabolic Pathways. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 13:1-14. [PMID: 31748255 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the role of folate one-carbon metabolism in colon carcinogenesis remains incomplete. Previous studies indicate that a methyl donor-deficient (MDD) diet lacking folic acid, choline, methionine, and vitamin B12 is associated with long-lasting changes to the intestinal epithelium and sustained tumor protection in Apc-mutant mice. However, the metabolic pathways by which the MDD diet affects these changes are unknown. Colon samples harvested from ApcΔ14/+ mice fed the MDD diet for 18 weeks were profiled using a GC-MS and LC-MS/MS metabolomics platform. Random forest and pathway analyses were used to identify altered metabolic pathways, and associated gene expression changes were analyzed by RT-PCR. Approximately 100 metabolites affected by the MDD diet were identified. As expected, metabolites within the methionine cycle, including methionine (-2.9-fold, P < 0.001) and betaine (-3.3-fold, P < 0.001), were reduced. Elevated homocysteine (110-fold, P < 0.001) was associated with increased flux through the transsulfuration pathway. Unexpectedly, levels of deoxycholic acid (-4.5-fold, P < 0.05) and several other secondary bile acids were reduced. There were also unexpected reductions in the levels of carnitine (-2.0-fold, P < 0.01) and a panel of acylcarnitines involved in fatty acid β-oxidation. Finally, metabolites involved in redox balance, including ascorbate and hypotaurine, were found to be persistently elevated. These findings provide clues to the molecular changes underlying MDD-mediated tumor protection and identify regulatable metabolic pathways that may provide new targets for colon cancer prevention and treatment. IMPLICATIONS: Metabolomic profiling reveals molecular changes underlying MDD-induced tumor protection and may provide new targets for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Hanley
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | - Krishna Kadaveru
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
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Zhao ZH, Xin FZ, Xue Y, Hu Z, Han Y, Ma F, Zhou D, Liu XL, Cui A, Liu Z, Liu Y, Gao J, Pan Q, Li Y, Fan JG. Indole-3-propionic acid inhibits gut dysbiosis and endotoxin leakage to attenuate steatohepatitis in rats. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-14. [PMID: 31506421 PMCID: PMC6802644 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabolites have emerged as critical components that mediate the metabolic effects of the gut microbiota. Here, we show that indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a tryptophan metabolite produced by gut bacteria, is a potent anti-non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) microbial metabolite. Here, we demonstrate that administration of IPA modulates the microbiota composition in the gut and inhibits microbial dysbiosis in rats fed a high-fat diet. IPA induces the expression of tight junction proteins, such as ZO-1 and Occludin, and maintains intestinal epithelium homeostasis, leading to a reduction in plasma endotoxin levels. Interestingly, IPA inhibits NF-κB signaling and reduces the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6, in response to endotoxin in macrophages to repress hepatic inflammation and liver injury. Moreover, IPA is sufficient to inhibit the expression of fibrogenic and collagen genes and attenuate diet-induced NASH phenotypes. The beneficial effects of IPA on the liver are likely mediated through inhibiting the production of endotoxin in the gut. These findings suggest a protective role of IPA in the control of metabolism and uncover the gut microbiome and liver cross-talk in regulating the intestinal microenvironment and liver pathology via a novel dietary nutrient metabolite. IPA may provide a new therapeutic strategy for treating NASH. A molecule made by beneficial microbes in the gut helps protect against a severe form of fatty liver disease by preventing bacterial toxins from leaking out of the intestines into the bloodstream. A research team in China led by Yu Li from the Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health (CAS) and Jian-Gao Fan from Xinhua Hospital (SJTU) showed in a rat model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis that indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a metabolite produced by gut bacteria, helps maintain the integrity of the intestinal inner lining. The more robust intestinal barrier ensures that bacterial toxins do not enter the bloodstream and eventually reach the liver, where they can trigger injury-inducing inflammation. The findings reveal an interaction between the gut microbiome and the liver, and suggest a role for IPA in the treatment of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Zhao
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Zhi Xin
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqian Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yamei Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengguang Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aoyuan Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengshuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 200092, Shanghai, China.
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Ji Y, Yin Y, Li Z, Zhang W. Gut Microbiota-Derived Components and Metabolites in the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081712. [PMID: 31349604 PMCID: PMC6724003 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbiota has been increasingly recognized as a pivotal determinant of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Apart from the changes in the composition of gut microbiota, the components and metabolites derived from intestinal microbiota have emerged as key factors in modulating the pathological process of NAFLD. Compelling evidences have revealed that gut microbiota generates a variety of bioactive substances that interact with the host liver cells through the portal vein. These substances include the components derived from bacteria such as lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycan, DNA, and extracellular vesicles, as well as the metabolites ranging from short-chain fatty acids, indole and its derivatives, trimethylamine, secondary bile acids, to carotenoids and phenolic compounds. The mechanisms underlying the hepatic responses to the bioactive substances from gut bacteria have been associated with the regulation of glycolipid metabolism, immune signaling response, and redox homeostasis. Illuminating the interplay between the unique factors produced from gut microbiome and the liver will provide a novel therapeutical target for NAFLD. The current review highlights the recent advances on the mechanisms by which the key ingredients and metabolites from gut microbiota modulate the development and progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ziru Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0346, USA
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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26
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Cytotoxicity and ROS production of novel Pt(IV) oxaliplatin derivatives with indole propionic acid. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Kim J, Choi KB, Park JH, Kim KH. Metabolite profile changes and increased antioxidative and antiinflammatory activities of mixed vegetables after fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217180. [PMID: 31116776 PMCID: PMC6530839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented vegetables have emerged as prebiotics with various health benefits. However, the possible mechanisms behind their health benefits are unclear. To relate the metabolite profile changes in fermented mixed vegetables with associated health benefits of fermented vegetables, we analyzed the metabolite profiles of mixed vegetables, before and after fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum, using gas chromatography/time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS). To analyze health benefits of fermented vegetables, antioxidative and antiinflammatory activities were measured using RAW 264.7 cells. Among 78 metabolites identified by GC/TOF-MS in this study, those significantly increased after fermentation include antioxidative and/or antiinflammatory agents such as lactate, 3-phennyllactate, indole-3-lactate, β-hydroxybutyrate, γ-aminobutyrate, and glycerol. These metabolites may have been either newly synthesized or depolymerized from high molecular weight polymers from vegetables during fermentation. This is the first metabolomics study to relate metabolite profile changes with increased health benefits of fermented vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungyeon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kum-Boo Choi
- Pulmuone Institute of Technology, Pulmuone, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Hun Park
- Pulmuone Institute of Technology, Pulmuone, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Afifi OS, Shaaban OG, Abd El Razik HA, Shams El-Dine SEDA, Ashour FA, El-Tombary AA, Abu-Serie MM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of purine-pyrazole hybrids incorporating thiazole, thiazolidinone or rhodanine moiety as 15-LOX inhibitors endowed with anticancer and antioxidant potential. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:821-837. [PMID: 30999135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Novel purine-pyrazole hybrids combining thiazoles, thiazolidinones and rhodanines, were designed and tested as 15-LOX inhibitors, potential anticancer and antioxidant agents. All tested compounds were found to be potent 15-LOX inhibitors with IC50 ranging from 1.76 to 6.12 µM. The prepared compounds were evaluated in vitro against five cancer cell lines: A549 (lung), Caco-2 (colon), PC3 (prostate), MCF-7 (breast) and HepG-2 (liver). Compounds 7b and 8b displayed broad spectrum anticancer activity against the five tested cell lines (IC50 = 18.5-95.39 µM). While, compound 7h demonstrated moderate anticancer activity against lung A549 and colon Caco-2 cell lines. Antioxidant screening revealed that six compounds (5a, 5b, 6b, 7b, 7h and 8b) with IC50 ranging from 0.93 to 14.43 µg/ml were found to be more potent scavengers of 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) than the reference ascorbic acid with IC50 value of 15.34 µg/ml. Compounds 7b, 7h and 8b, when evaluated for their antioxidant activity, where found to be potent DPPH scavengers. Moreover, compound 7b displayed twice the potency of ascorbic acid as NO scavenger. Docking study was performed to elucidate the possible binding mode of the most active compounds with the active site of 15-LOX enzyme. Collectively, the purine-pyrazole hybrids having thiazoline or thizolidinone moieties (7b, 7h and 8b) constitute a promising scaffold in designing more potent 15-LOX inhibitors with anticancer and antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola S Afifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Omaima G Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Heba A Abd El Razik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | | | - Fawzia A Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Alaa A El-Tombary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
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29
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Ruebel ML, Piccolo BD, Mercer KE, Pack L, Moutos D, Shankar K, Andres A. Obesity leads to distinct metabolomic signatures in follicular fluid of women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E383-E396. [PMID: 30601701 PMCID: PMC6459300 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00401.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although obesity negatively influences the metabolic homeostasis of cells within a broad range of tissues, its impact on oocyte metabolism is not fully understood. Prior evidence suggests that obesity increases expression of oocyte genes associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism; however, the metabolic impact of these genetic differences is not known. To address this gap, we conducted an exploratory assessment of the follicular fluid (FF) metabolome in eight overweight/obese (OW) and nine normal-weight (NW) women undergoing in vitro fertilization. FF and serum were collected and analyzed by untargeted metabolomics using gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and charged-surface hybrid column-electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Untargeted metabolomics identified obesity-associated changes in FF metabolites related to oxidative stress/antioxidant capacity, xenometabolism/amino acid biosynthesis, and lipid metabolism. Discriminant FF metabolites included elevated uric acid, isothreonic acid, one unknown primary metabolite, and six unknown complex lipids in OW compared with NW women. Conversely, 2-ketoglucose dimethylacetal, aminomalonate, two unknown primary metabolites, and two unknown complex lipids were decreased in FF of OW relative to NW women. Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a bacteria-derived metabolite, was also decreased in both FF and serum of OW women ( P < 0.05). The significant correlation between antioxidant IPA in serum and FF ( R = 0.95, P < 0.0001) suggests a potential serum biomarker of FF antioxidant status or reflection of the gut metabolism interaction with the follicle. These results suggest that obesity has important consequences for the follicular environment during the preconception period, a window of time that may be important for lifestyle interventions to ameliorate obesity-associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Ruebel
- Department of Animal Science and Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Kelly E Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Lindsay Pack
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Dean Moutos
- Arkansas Fertility and Gynecology Associates , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
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Abstract
The success of platinum-based anticancer agents has motivated the exploration of novel metal-based drugs for several decades, whereas problems such as drug-resistance and systemic toxicity hampered their clinical applications and efficacy. Stimuli-responsiveness of some metal complexes offers a good opportunity for designing site-specific prodrugs to maximize the therapeutic efficacy and minimize the side effect of metallodrugs. This review presents a comprehensive and up-to-date overview on the therapeutic stimuli-responsive metallodrugs that have appeared in the past two decades, where stimuli such as redox, pH, enzyme, light, temperature, and so forth were involved. The compounds are classified into three major categories based on the nature of stimuli, that is, endo-stimuli-responsive metallodrugs, exo-stimuli-responsive metallodrugs, and dual-stimuli-responsive metallodrugs. Representative examples of each type are discussed in terms of structure, response mechanism, and potential medical applications. In the end, future opportunities and challenges in this field are tentatively proposed. With diverse metal complexes being introduced, the foci of this review are pointed to platinum and ruthenium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Suxing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Nafees Muhammad
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , P. R. China
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Purines and triazolo[4,3-e]purines containing pyrazole moiety as potential anticancer and antioxidant agents. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:1449-1464. [PMID: 29788781 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Targeting apoptosis regulators such as caspases aiming at inducing apoptosis is an attractive strategy in cancer therapy. MATERIALS & METHODS 8-substituted purine incorporating pyrazole moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer and antioxidant activities. RESULTS Compounds 7a and 8a displayed potent and selective anticancer activity against lung cancer A549 cell line with low cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear normal cells. Compounds 7a and 8a induced caspase dependent apoptotic death and DNA damage in all cancer cell lines. In addition, compounds 2, 5, 6a, 7a, 8a, 8c, 11a, 11b and 12b showed good antioxidant activity higher than that of the standard ascorbic acid. CONCLUSION Compounds 7a and 8a can be considered promising dual anticancer and antioxidant leads inducing caspase-dependent apoptotic death and DNA damage.
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Hu L, Bo L, Zhang M, Li S, Zhao X, Sun C. Metabonomics analysis of serum from rats given long-term and low-level cadmium by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:1079-1088. [PMID: 29143552 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1397811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
1. This study evaluated the toxicity of chronic exposure to low-level cadmium (Cd) in rats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups, namely, the control group, low-dose group (0.13 mg/kg·bw), middle-dose group (0.8 mg/kg·bw) and high-dose group (4.89 mg/kg·bw). The rats continuously received CdCl2 via drinking water for 24 weeks. Serum samples were collected for metabonomics analysis. The data generated from the UPLC-MS was analysed using principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). PLS-DA model with satisfactory explanatory and predictive ability is capable of discriminating the treatment groups from the control group. 2. Finally, the 10 metabolites were identified and showed significant changes in some treatment groups compared with that in the control group (p < 0.0167 or p < 0.003). Exposure to Cd resulted in increased intensities of lysophosphatidic acid (P-16:0e/0:0), glycocholic acid, bicyclo-prostaglandin E2, lithocholyltaurine, sulfolithocholylglycine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine (20:5/0:0) and lysophosphatidylcholine (20:0), as well as decreased intensities of 3-indolepropionic acid, phosphatidylcholine (18:4/18:0) and 15S-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid in rat serum. 3. Results suggest that exposure to Cd can cause disturbances in the lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nervous system, antioxidant defence system, liver and kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Hu
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Lu Bo
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Meiyan Zhang
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Siqi Li
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Changhao Sun
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
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Yisireyili M, Takeshita K, Saito S, Murohara T, Niwa T. Indole-3-propionic acid suppresses indoxyl sulfate-induced expression of fibrotic and inflammatory genes in proximal tubular cells. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2017; 79:477-486. [PMID: 29238104 PMCID: PMC5719207 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.79.4.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) induces fibrosis and inflammation in kidneys via oxidative stress through the induction of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). Furthermore, IS is a potent endogenous agonist for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which regulates the transcription of genes such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1. Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) is an antioxidant and has been reported to be neuroprotective. We determined whether IPA suppresses IS-induced expression of AHR, CYP1A1, TGF-β1, and MCP-1 in proximal tubular cells. The effects of IS on the expression of AHR, CYP1A1, TGF-β1, and MCP-1 were studied using normotensive rats and hypertensive rats. The effects of IPA on IS-induced expression of AHR, CYP1A1, TGF-β1, and MCP-1 were studied using proximal tubular cells (HK-2). Furthermore, the effects of IPA on IS-induced expression and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) were studied in HK-2 cells. Administration of IS induced the expression of AHR, CYP1A1, TGF-β1, and MCP-1 in the tubular cells of rat kidneys. IPA significantly suppressed IS-induced mRNA and protein expression of AHR, CYP1A1, TGF-β1, and MCP-1 in HK-2 cells. IPA suppressed the IS-induced expression and phosphorylation of Stat3 in HK-2 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of Stat3 inhibited the IS-induced mRNA and protein expression of AHR, CYP1A1, TGF-β1, and MCP-1 in HK-2 cells. In conclusion, IPA suppressed the IS-induced expression of AHR, CYP1A1, TGF-β1, and MCP-1 through suppression of Stat3 in proximal tubular cells. Thus, IPA suppresses IS-induced expression of fibrotic and inflammatory genes in proximal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimaiti Yisireyili
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Takeshita
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Guard BC, Suchodolski JS. HORSE SPECIES SYMPOSIUM: Canine intestinal microbiology and metagenomics: From phylogeny to function. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:2247-61. [PMID: 27285902 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent molecular studies have revealed a complex microbiota in the dog intestine. Convincing evidence has been reported linking changes in microbial communities to acute and chronic gastrointestinal inflammation, especially in canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The most common microbial changes observed in intestinal inflammation are decreases in the bacterial phyla Firmicutes (i.e., Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and ) and Bacteroidetes, with concurrent increases in Proteobacteria (i.e., ). Due to the important role of microbial-derived metabolites for host health, it is important to elucidate the metabolic consequences of gastrointestinal dysbiosis and physiological pathways implicated in specific disease phenotypes. Metagenomic studies have used shotgun sequencing of DNA as well as phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) to characterize functional changes in the bacterial metagenome in gastrointestinal disease. Furthermore, wide-scale and untargeted measurements of metabolic products derived by the host and the microbiota in intestinal samples allow a better understanding of the functional alterations that occur in gastrointestinal disease. For example, changes in bile acid metabolism and tryptophan catabolism recently have been reported in humans and dogs. Also, metabolites associated with the pentose phosphate pathway were significantly altered in chronic gastrointestinal inflammation and indicate the presence of oxidative stress in dogs with IBD. This review focuses on the advancements made in canine metagenomics and metabolomics and their implications in understanding gastrointestinal disease as well as the development of better treatment approaches.
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Tolan D, Gandin V, Morrison L, El-Nahas A, Marzano C, Montagner D, Erxleben A. Oxidative Stress Induced by Pt(IV) Pro-drugs Based on the Cisplatin Scaffold and Indole Carboxylic Acids in Axial Position. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29367. [PMID: 27404565 PMCID: PMC4941645 DOI: 10.1038/srep29367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Pt(IV) complexes as pro-drugs that are activated by intracellular reduction is a widely investigated approach to overcome the limitations of Pt(II) anticancer agents. A series of ten mono- and bis-carboxylated Pt(IV) complexes with axial indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) ligands were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-MS, FT-IR, (1)H and (195)Pt NMR spectroscopy. Cellular uptake, DNA platination and cytotoxicity against a panel of human tumor cell lines were evaluated. All the complexes are able to overcome cisplatin-resistance and the most potent complex, cis,cis,trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2(IPA)(OH)] was on average three times more active than cisplatin. Mechanistic studies revealed that the trend in cytotoxicity of the Pt(IV) complexes is primarily consistent with their ability to accumulate into cancer cells and to increase intracellular basal reactive oxygen species levels, which in turn results in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis induction. The role of the indole acid ligand as a redox modulator is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Tolan
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Liam Morrison
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ahmed El-Nahas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Cristina Marzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Diego Montagner
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Shirinzadeh H, Ince E, Westwell AD, Gurer-Orhan H, Suzen S. Novel indole-based melatonin analogues substituted with triazole, thiadiazole and carbothioamides: studies on their antioxidant, chemopreventive and cytotoxic activities. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1312-21. [PMID: 26745200 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1132209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a well-known free-radical scavenger, involving in the prevention of cellular damage that can lead to cancer, ageing and a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Research on MLT-related compounds has been required to optimise the maximum pharmaceutical activity with the lowest side effects. In our ongoing research, we have synthesized new indole-based MLT analogues as potential antioxidant agents by modifying the MLT molecule. In this study, we build on previous findings, through the synthesis, characterization and in vitro antioxidant profiling of a series of new indole-based MLT analogues which possess triazole, thiadiazole and carbothioamides on the third position on the indole ring. In vitro antioxidant activity was investigated by evaluating their reducing effect against oxidation of a redox sensitive fluorescent probe and their radical scavenging activity was assessed via the DPPH assay. In addition, in vitro cytotoxic effects of newly synthesized compounds were investigated in CHO-K1 cells using the MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Shirinzadeh
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan University , Yalnizbag Yerleskesi , Erzincan , Turkey
| | - Elif Ince
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Andrew D Westwell
- c School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University , Cardiff , Wales , UK , and
| | - Hande Gurer-Orhan
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Sibel Suzen
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University , Tandogan , Ankara , Turkey
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Ganie SA, Dar TA, Bhat AH, Dar KB, Anees S, Zargar MA, Masood A. Melatonin: A Potential Anti-Oxidant Therapeutic Agent for Mitochondrial Dysfunctions and Related Disorders. Rejuvenation Res 2015; 19:21-40. [PMID: 26087000 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in cellular physiology. Besides their classic function of energy metabolism, mitochondria are involved in multiple cell functions, including energy distribution through the cell, energy/heat modulation, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium homeostasis, and control of apoptosis. Simultaneously, mitochondria are the main producer and target of ROS with the result that multiple mitochondrial diseases are related to ROS-induced mitochondrial injuries. Increased free radical generation, enhanced mitochondrial inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production, decreased respiratory complex activity, impaired electron transport system, and opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores have all been suggested as factors responsible for impaired mitochondrial function. Because of these, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and aging, are caused by ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions. Melatonin, the major hormone of the pineal gland, also acts as an anti-oxidant and as a regulator of mitochondrial bioenergetic function. Melatonin is selectively taken up by mitochondrial membranes, a function not shared by other anti-oxidants, and thus has emerged as a major potential therapeutic tool for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Multiple in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown the protective role of melatonin for preventing oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction seen in experimental models of PD, AD, and HD. With these functions in mind, this article reviews the protective role of melatonin with mechanistic insights against mitochondrial diseases and suggests new avenues for safe and effective treatment modalities against these devastating neurodegenerative diseases. Future insights are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
| | - Aashiq Hussain Bhat
- 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
| | - Khalid B Dar
- 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
| | - Suhail Anees
- 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
| | | | - Akbar Masood
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
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Rakesh KP, Ramesh S, Kumar HM, Chandan S, Gowda DC. Quinazolinones linked amino acids derivatives as a new class of promising antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.6.3.254-260.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Arnao MB, Hernández-Ruiz J. Phytomelatonin: Searching for Plants with High Levels for Use as a Natural Nutraceutical. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63462-7.00011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Niwa T, Ishii S, Hiramatsu A, Osawa T. Oxidative Reaction of Oxindole-3-acetic Acids. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 67:1870-4. [PMID: 14519969 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.67.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The oxindole-3-acetic acids, oxidative metabolites of indole-3-acetic acid, were isolated from a byproduct of a corn starch manufacturing plant, and were further converted to the 3-hydroxyl derivatives in the presence of metal ion. The mechanical study was followed by a chemical analysis including other byproducts, and suggested the presence of an intermediate that had a radical at the C-3 position of oxindole-3-acetic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Niwa
- Department of Merchandise Development, San-ei Sucrochemical Co., Ltd., Chita, Japan.
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41
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Aoki R, Aoki-Yoshida A, Suzuki C, Takayama Y. Protective effect of indole-3-pyruvate against ultraviolet b-induced damage to cultured HaCaT keratinocytes and the skin of hairless mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96804. [PMID: 24810606 PMCID: PMC4014565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous investigations demonstrated that pyruvate protects human keratinocytes against cell damage stemming from exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. This study endeavoured to elucidate the protective capacity of aromatic pyruvates (e.g., phenylpyruvate (PPyr), 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPPyr), and indole-3-pyruvate (IPyr)) against UVB-induced injury to skin cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes were irradiated with UVB light (60 mJ/cm2) and maintained with or without test compounds (1–25 mM). In addition, the dorsal skin of hairless mice (HR-1) was treated with test compounds (100 µmol) and exposed to UVB light (1 J/cm2) for two times. The ability of the test compounds to ameliorate UVB-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation was then assessed. Aromatic pyruvates reduced cytotoxicity in UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes, and also diminished the expression of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). IPyr was more efficacious than either PPyr or HPPyr. Furthermore, only IPyr inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression at both the mRNA and the protein level in UVB-treated keratinocytes. Topical application of IPyr to the dorsal skin of hairless mice reduced the severity of UVB-induced skin lesions, the augmentation of dermal thickness, and transepithelial water loss. Overproduction of IL-1β and IL-6 in response to UVB radiation was also suppressed in vivo by the topical administration of IPyr. These data strongly suggest that IPyr might find utility as a UVB-blocking reagent in therapeutic strategies to lessen UVB-induced inflammatory skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiji Aoki
- Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ayako Aoki-Yoshida
- Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chise Suzuki
- Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Takayama
- Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Furman S, Nissim-Bardugo E, Zeeli S, Weitman M, Nudelman A, Finkin-Groner E, Moradov D, Shifrin H, Schorer-Apelbaum D, Weinstock M. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of ester and amine derivatives of indoline in RAW 264.7 and peritoneal macrophages. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2283-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Satoh T, Miura M, Takeda D, Hirano K. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation and Alkenylation of 3-(Indol-3-yl)propionic Acids through C–H Bond Cleavage. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-s(s)13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Karaaslan C, Kadri H, Coban T, Suzen S, Westwell AD. Synthesis and antioxidant properties of substituted 2-phenyl-1H-indoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2671-4. [PMID: 23540647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the design, synthesis and antioxidant activity of a series of substituted 2-(4-aminophenyl)-1H-indoles and 2-(methoxyphenyl)-1H-indoles. The new compounds are structurally related to the known indole-based antioxidant lead compound melatonin (MLT), and the antitumour 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazole and 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)benzothiazole series. Efficient access to the target 2-phenylindoles was achieved via Fischer indole synthesis between substituted phenylhydrazines and acetophenones. 2-(4-Aminophenyl)indoles (such as the 6-fluoro analogue 3b) in particular showed potent antioxidant activity in the DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging assays (80% and 81% inhibition at 1mM concentration of 3b, respectively), at a level comparable with the reference standard MLT (98% and 75% at 1 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Karaaslan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ankara University, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
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Zheng Z, Guo Y, Novák O, Dai X, Zhao Y, Ljung K, Noel JP, Chory J. Coordination of auxin and ethylene biosynthesis by the aminotransferase VAS1. Nat Chem Biol 2013; 9:244-6. [PMID: 23377040 PMCID: PMC3948326 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We identify an Arabidopsis pyridoxal-phosphate (PLP)-dependent aminotransferase, VAS1, whose loss-of-function simultaneously increases levels of the phytohormone auxin and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC). VAS1 uses the ethylene biosynthetic intermediate Met as an amino donor and the auxin biosynthetic intermediate, indole-3-pyruvic acid (3-IPA) as an amino acceptor to produce L-Trp and 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutyric acid (KMBA). Our data indicate that VAS1 serves key roles in coordinating the levels of these two vital hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyu Zheng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
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46
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Karbownik-Lewińska M, Kokoszko-Bilska A. Oxidative damage to macromolecules in the thyroid - experimental evidence. Thyroid Res 2012; 5:25. [PMID: 23270549 PMCID: PMC3542017 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6614-5-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas oxidative reactions occur in all tissues and organs, the thyroid gland constitutes such an organ, in which oxidative processes are indispensable for thyroid hormone synthesis. It is estimated that huge amount of reactive oxygen species, especially of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are produced in the thyroid under physiological conditions, justifying the statement that the thyroid gland is an organ of “oxidative nature”. Apart from H2O2, also other free radicals or reactive species, formed from iodine or tyrosine residues, participate in thyroid hormone synthesis. Under physiological conditions, there is a balance between generation and detoxification of free radicals. Effective protective mechanisms, comprising antioxidative molecules and the process of compartmentalization of potentially toxic molecules, must have been developed in the thyroid to maintain this balance. However, with additional oxidative abuse caused by exogenous or endogenous prooxidants (ionizing radiation being the most spectacular), increased damage to macromolecules occurs, potentially leading to different thyroid diseases, cancer included.
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Enzyme catalyzed radical dehydrations of hydroxy acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1824:1278-90. [PMID: 22178228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The steadily increasing field of radical biochemistry is dominated by the large family of S-adenosylmethionine dependent enzymes, the so-called radical SAM enzymes, of which several new members are discovered every year. Here we report on 2- and 4-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases which apply a very different method of radical generation. In these enzymes ketyl radicals are formed by one-electron reduction or oxidation and are recycled after each turnover without further energy input. Earlier reviews on 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases were published in 2004 [J. Kim, M. Hetzel, C.D. Boiangiu, W. Buckel, FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 28 (2004) 455-468. W. Buckel, M. Hetzel, J. Kim, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 8 (2004) 462-467.] SCOPE OF REVIEW The review focuses on four types of 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases that are involved in the fermentation of amino acids by anaerobic bacteria, especially clostridia. These enzymes require activation by one-electron transfer from an iron-sulfur protein driven by hydrolysis of ATP. The review further describes the proposed mechanism that is highlighted by the identification of the allylic ketyl radical intermediate and the elucidation of the crystal structure of 2-hydroxyisocapryloyl-CoA dehydratase. With 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase the crystal structure, the complete stereochemistry and the function of several conserved residues around the active site could be identified. Finally potential biotechnological applications of the radical dehydratases are presented. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The action of the activator as an 'Archerase' shooting electrons into difficultly reducible acceptors becomes an emerging principle in anaerobic metabolism. The dehydratases may provide useful tools in biotechnology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Radical SAM enzymes and Radical Enzymology.
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Yılmaz AD, Coban T, Suzen S. Synthesis and antioxidant activity evaluations of melatonin-based analogue indole-hydrazide/hydrazone derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:428-36. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.594048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Didem Yılmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University
06100 Tandogan, Ankara Turkey
| | - Tulay Coban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University
06100 Tandogan, Ankara Turkey
| | - Sibel Suzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University
06100 Tandogan, Ankara Turkey
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Mohareb RM, Ahmed HH, Elmegeed GA, Abd-Elhalim MM, Shafic RW. Development of new indole-derived neuroprotective agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2966-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Alexander D, Lombardi R, Rodriguez G, Mitchell MM, Marian AJ. Metabolomic distinction and insights into the pathogenesis of human primary dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41:527-38. [PMID: 21155767 PMCID: PMC3071865 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics, the comprehensive profile of small-molecule metabolites found in biological specimens, has the potential to provide insights into the pathogenesis of disease states and lead to the identification of new biomarkers. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed 451 plasma metabolites by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy in 39 patients with primary dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and 31 age-, sex- and body mass index-matched controls. Sixty-one metabolites were significantly different between primary DCM and control individuals [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0·05]. Plasma levels of steroid metabolites, glutamine, threonine and histidine were reduced while levels of citric acid cycle intermediates and lipid β-oxidation products were increased in patients with primary DCM when compared to controls. Medications, particularly furosemide and angiotensin-1 converting enzyme-1 inhibitors, had significant effects on the plasma metabolites. Reduced levels of glutamine in conjunction with increased 3-methyhistidine and prolylhydroxyproline levels suggested enhanced myofibrillar and collagen degradation in DCM patients. Likewise, increased stachydrine and reduced indole-3-propionate implicated a role for intestinal-derived antioxidant molecules. Changes in steroid metabolites were notable for the loss of metabolic distinction between men and women in patients with primary DCM. Cortisol and cortisone levels were increased while androgen metabolites were decreased significantly, implying metabolic 'feminization' of men with primary DCM. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomic profiling identifies biologically active metabolites that could serve as markers of primary DCM and impart protective or harmful effects on cardiac structure and function.
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