1
|
Bilginer Kartal R, Arslan Yildiz A. Exploring Neuronal Differentiation Profiles in SH-SY5Y Cells through Magnetic Levitation Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14955-14962. [PMID: 38585102 PMCID: PMC10993277 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic levitation (MagLev) is a powerful and versatile technique that can sort objects based on their density differences. This paper reports the sorting of SH-SY5Y cells for neuronal differentiation by the MagLev technique. Herein, SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated with retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Neuronal differentiation was confirmed by neurite extension measurement and the immunostaining assay. Neurites reached the maximum length on day 9 after sequential treatment with RA-BDNF. Neuronal marker expression of un-/differentiated cells was investigated by β-III tubulin and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and differentiated cells exhibited a higher fluorescence intensity compared to un-/differentiated cells. MagLev results revealed that the density of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells gradually increased from 1.04 to 1.06 g/mL, while it remained stable at 1.05 g/mL for un-/differentiated cells. These findings signified that cell density would be a potent indicator of neuronal differentiation. Overall, it was shown that MagLev methodology can provide rapid, label-free, and easy sorting to analyze the differentiation of cells at a single-cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahu Arslan Yildiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Longterm Increased S100B Enhances Hippocampal Progenitor Cell Proliferation in a Transgenic Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179600. [PMID: 36076994 PMCID: PMC9455494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) The neurotrophic protein S100B is a marker of brain injury and has been associated with neuroregeneration. In S100Btg mice rendering 12 copies of the murine S100B gene we evaluated whether S100B may serve as a treatment option. (2) In juvenile, adult, and one-year-old S100Btg mice (female and male; n = 8 per group), progenitor cell proliferation was quantified in the subgranular zone (SGZ) and the granular cell layer (GCL) of the dentate gyrus with the proliferative marker Ki67 and BrdU (50 mg/kg). Concomitant signaling was quantified utilizing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) immunohistochemistry. (3) Progenitor cell proliferation in the SGZ and migration to the GCL was enhanced. Hippocampal GFAP was reduced in one-year-old S100Btg mice. ApoE in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of male and BDNF in the frontal cortex of female S100Btg mice was reduced. RAGE was not affected. (4) Enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis in S100Btg mice was not accompanied by reactive astrogliosis. Sex- and brain region-specific variations of ApoE and BDNF require further elucidations. Our data reinforce the importance of this S100Btg model in evaluating the role of S100B in neuroregenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang LC, Wei WY, Ho PC. Short-Term Cortical Electrical Stimulation during the Acute Stage of Traumatic Brain Injury Improves Functional Recovery. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081965. [PMID: 36009512 PMCID: PMC9405844 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional restoration is an important issue in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Various electrical stimulation devices and protocols have been applied in preclinical studies and have shown therapeutic potential for brain trauma. Short-term invasive cortical electrical stimulation during the acute stage of TBI might be a feasible adjuvant therapy for patients with moderate-to-severe brain injury receiving neurosurgical treatment in the intensive care unit. However, the therapeutic effects of short-term multisession cortical electrical stimulation for brain trauma are not clear. This study explored the therapeutic effects of acute-stage short-term cortical electrical stimulation on TBI. We conducted seven sessions of one-hour cortical electrical stimulation from day 0 to day 6 in rats after brain trauma by controlled cortical impact and then evaluated the functional outcome and histopathological changes. Our data showed that short-term cortical electrical stimulation improved motor coordination, short-term memory, and learning ability and attenuated neurological severity after brain trauma. Lesion volume, apoptosis, and gliosis after brain trauma were reduced, and trauma-induced neurogenesis in the hippocampus for the innate neural reparative response was increased. Our study demonstrated that short-term cortical electrical stimulation applied in the acute stage of traumatic brain injury is a potential adjuvant therapy to improve the recovery of neurological deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Chao Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5284)
| | - Wei-Yen Wei
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Adugna DG, Aragie H, Kibret AA, Belay DG. Therapeutic Application of Stem Cells in the Repair of Traumatic Brain Injury. Stem Cells Cloning 2022; 15:53-61. [PMID: 35859889 PMCID: PMC9289752 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s369577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is the main cause of injury-related deaths and disabilities throughout the world, which is characterized by a disruption of the normal physiology of the brain following trauma. It can potentially cause severe complications such as physical, cognitive, and emotional impairment. In addition to understanding traumatic brain injury pathophysiology, this review explains the therapeutic potential of stem cells following brain injury in two pathways: response of endogenous neurogenic cells and transplantation of exogenous stem cell therapy. After traumatic brain injuries, clinical evidence indicated that endogenous neural progenitor cells might play an important role in regenerative medicine to treat brain injury. This is due to an increased neurogenic regeneration ability of these cells following brain injury. Besides, exogenous stem cell transplantation has also accelerated immature neuronal development and increased endogenous cellular proliferation in the damaged brain region. Therefore, a better understanding of the endogenous neural stem cell’s regenerative ability and the effect of exogenous stem cells on proliferation and differentiation ability may help researchers to understand how to increase functional recovery and tissue repair following injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagnew Getnet Adugna
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Hailu Aragie
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Ayelign Kibret
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Gashaneh Belay
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.,Department of Epidemiology, Institution of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aronson JP, Katnani HA, Huguenard A, Mulvaney G, Bader ER, Yang JC, Eskandar EN. Phasic stimulation in the nucleus accumbens enhances learning after traumatic brain injury. Cereb Cortex Commun 2022; 3:tgac016. [PMID: 35529519 PMCID: PMC9070350 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite improvements in survival, treatments that improve functional outcome remain lacking. There is, therefore, a pressing need to develop novel treatments to improve functional recovery. Here, we investigated task-matched deep-brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) to augment reinforcement learning in a rodent model of TBI. We demonstrate that task-matched deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the NAc can enhance learning following TBI. We further demonstrate that animals receiving DBS exhibited greater behavioral improvement and enhanced neural proliferation. Treated animals recovered to an uninjured behavioral baseline and showed retention of improved performance even after stimulation was stopped. These results provide encouraging early evidence for the potential of NAc DBS to improve functional outcomes following TBI and that its effects may be broad, with alterations in neurogenesis and synaptogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Aronson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Husam A Katnani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Huguenard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graham Mulvaney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward R Bader
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jimmy C Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emad N Eskandar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cell Proliferation in the Piriform Cortex of Rats with Motor Cortex Ablation Treated with Growth Hormone and Rehabilitation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115440. [PMID: 34064044 PMCID: PMC8196768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury represents one of the main health problems in developed countries. Growth hormone (GH) and rehabilitation have been claimed to significantly contribute to the recovery of lost motor function after acquired brain injury, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are not well understood. In this work, we have investigated cell proliferation in the piriform cortex (PC) of adult rats with ablation of the frontal motor cortex treated with GH and rehabilitation, in order to evaluate if this region of the brain, related to the sense of smell, could be involved in benefits of GH treatment. Male rats were either ablated the frontal motor cortex in the dominant hemisphere or sham-operated and treated with GH or vehicle at 35 days post-injury (dpi) for five days. At 36 dpi, all rats received daily injections of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for four days. We assessed motor function through the paw-reaching-for-food task. GH treatment and rehabilitation at 35 dpi significantly improved the motor deficit caused by the injury and promoted an increase of cell proliferation in the PC ipsilateral to the injury, which could be involved in the improvement observed. Cortical ablation promoted a greater number of BrdU+ cells in the piriform cortex that was maintained long-term, which could be involved in the compensatory mechanisms of the brain after injury.
Collapse
|
7
|
Manivannan S, Marei O, Elalfy O, Zaben M. Neurogenesis after traumatic brain injury - The complex role of HMGB1 and neuroinflammation. Neuropharmacology 2020; 183:108400. [PMID: 33189765 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is amongst the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite evidence of neurogenesis post-TBI, survival and integration of newborn neurons remains impaired. High Mobility Group Box protein 1 (HMGB1) is an 'alarmin' released hyper-acutely following TBI and implicated in hosting the neuro-inflammatory response to injury. It is also instrumental in mediating neurogenesis under physiological conditions. Given its dual role in mediating neuro-inflammation and neurogenesis, it serves as a promising putative target for therapeutic modulation. In this review, we discuss neurogenesis post-TBI, neuro-pharmacological aspects of HMGB1, and its potential as a therapeutic target. METHODS PubMed database was searched with varying combinations of the following search terms: HMGB1, isoforms, neurogenesis, traumatic brain injury, Toll-like receptor (TLR), receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). RESULTS Several in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate evidence of neurogenesis post-injury. The HMGB1-RAGE axis mediates neurogenesis throughout development, whilst interaction with TLR-4 promotes the innate immune response. Studies in the context of injury demonstrate that these receptor effects are not mutually exclusive. Despite recognition of different HMGB1 isoforms based on redox/acetylation status, effects on neurogenesis post-injury remain unexplored. Recent animal in vivo studies examining HMGB1 antagonism post-TBI demonstrate predominantly positive results, but specific effects on neurogenesis and longer-term outcomes remain unclear. CONCLUSION HMGB1 is a promising therapeutic target but its effects on neurogenesis post-TBI remains unclear. Given the failure of several pharmacological strategies to improve outcomes following TBI, accurate delineation of HMGB1 signalling pathways and effects on post-injury neurogenesis are vital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Manivannan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - O Marei
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - O Elalfy
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - M Zaben
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bunk EC, König HG, Prehn JHM, Kirby BP. p53 upregulated mediator of apoptosis (Puma) deficiency increases survival of adult neural stem cells generated physiologically in the hippocampus, but does not protect stem cells generated in surplus after an excitotoxic lesion. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:57-66. [PMID: 33155994 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurogenesis occurs in the mammalian brain throughout adulthood and increases in response to metabolic, toxic or traumatic insults. To remove potentially superfluous or unwanted neural stem cells/neuronal progenitors, their rate of proliferation and differentiation is fine-tuned against their rate of apoptosis. Apoptosis requires the transcriptional and posttranslational activation of Bcl-2-homolgy domain 3 (BH3)-only proteins. Previously, we demonstrated that the BH3-only protein p53-upregulated mediator of apoptosis (Puma) controls the physiological rate of apoptosis of neural precursor cells in the adult mouse hippocampus. Puma's role in controlling a lesion-induced increase in neural stem cells is currently not known. METHODS We employed a model of local, N-methyl-D-asparte (NMDA)-induced excitotoxic injury to the CA1 hippocampal subfield and immunofluorescence labelling to produce increased neural stem cell proliferation/ neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus at two survival times following the excitotoxic lesion. RESULTS Deletion of puma failed to rescue any NMDA-induced increase in adult born cells as assessed by BrdU or Doublecortin labelling in the long-term. No difference in the proportion of BrdU/NeuN-positive cells comparing the different genotypes and treatments suggested that the phenotypic fate of the cells was preserved regardless of the genotype and the treatment. CONCLUSIONS While neurogenesis is up-regulated in puma-deficient animals following NMDA-induced excitotoxicity to the hippocampal CA1 subfield, puma deficiency could not protect this surplus of newly generated cells from apoptotic cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Bunk
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg König
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Future-Neuro SFI Research Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brian P Kirby
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Menet R, Lecordier S, ElAli A. Wnt Pathway: An Emerging Player in Vascular and Traumatic Mediated Brain Injuries. Front Physiol 2020; 11:565667. [PMID: 33071819 PMCID: PMC7530281 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.565667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway, which comprises the canonical and non-canonical pathways, is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that regulates crucial biological aspects throughout the development and adulthood. Emergence and patterning of the nervous and vascular systems are intimately coordinated, a process in which Wnt pathway plays particularly important roles. In the brain, Wnt ligands activate a cell-specific surface receptor complex to induce intracellular signaling cascades regulating neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, neuronal plasticity, synaptic plasticity, angiogenesis, vascular stabilization, and inflammation. The Wnt pathway is tightly regulated in the adult brain to maintain neurovascular functions. Historically, research in neuroscience has emphasized essentially on investigating the pathway in neurodegenerative disorders. Nonetheless, emerging findings have demonstrated that the pathway is deregulated in vascular- and traumatic-mediated brain injuries. These findings are suggesting that the pathway constitutes a promising target for the development of novel therapeutic protective and restorative interventions. Yet, targeting a complex multifunctional signal transduction pathway remains a major challenge. The review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the implication of Wnt pathway in the pathobiology of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, as well as traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, the review will present the strategies used so far to manipulate the pathway for therapeutic purposes as to highlight potential future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Menet
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Lecordier
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
LaDage LD. Broadening the functional and evolutionary understanding of postnatal neurogenesis using reptilian models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:223/15/jeb210542. [PMID: 32788272 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.210542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The production of new neurons in the brains of adult animals was first identified by Altman and Das in 1965, but it was not until the late 20th century when methods for visualizing new neuron production improved that there was a dramatic increase in research on neurogenesis in the adult brain. We now know that adult neurogenesis is a ubiquitous process that occurs across a wide range of taxonomic groups. This process has largely been studied in mammals; however, there are notable differences between mammals and other taxonomic groups in how, why and where new neuron production occurs. This Review will begin by describing the processes of adult neurogenesis in reptiles and identifying the similarities and differences in these processes between reptiles and model rodent species. Further, this Review underscores the importance of appreciating how wild-caught animals vary in neurogenic properties compared with laboratory-reared animals and how this can be used to broaden the functional and evolutionary understanding of why and how new neurons are produced in the adult brain. Studying variation in neural processes across taxonomic groups provides an evolutionary context to adult neurogenesis while also advancing our overall understanding of neurogenesis and brain plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara D LaDage
- Division of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Penn State Altoona, 3000 Ivyside Dr., Altoona, PA 16601, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Z, Ishrat S, O'Bryan M, Klein B, Saraswati M, Robertson C, Kannan S. Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Causes Long-Term Deficits in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognition. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1656-1667. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Samiha Ishrat
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Megan O'Bryan
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Brandon Klein
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Manda Saraswati
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Courtney Robertson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A novel PKC activating molecule promotes neuroblast differentiation and delivery of newborn neurons in brain injuries. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:262. [PMID: 32321920 PMCID: PMC7176668 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells are activated within neurogenic niches in response to brain injuries. This results in the production of neuroblasts, which unsuccessfully attempt to migrate toward the damaged tissue. Injuries constitute a gliogenic/non-neurogenic niche generated by the presence of anti-neurogenic signals, which impair neuronal differentiation and migration. Kinases of the protein kinase C (PKC) family mediate the release of growth factors that participate in different steps of the neurogenic process, particularly, novel PKC isozymes facilitate the release of the neurogenic growth factor neuregulin. We have demonstrated herein that a plant derived diterpene, (EOF2; CAS number 2230806-06-9), with the capacity to activate PKC facilitates the release of neuregulin 1, and promotes neuroblasts differentiation and survival in cultures of subventricular zone (SVZ) isolated cells in a novel PKC dependent manner. Local infusion of this compound in mechanical cortical injuries induces neuroblast enrichment within the perilesional area, and noninvasive intranasal administration of EOF2 promotes migration of neuroblasts from the SVZ towards the injury, allowing their survival and differentiation into mature neurons, being some of them cholinergic and GABAergic. Our results elucidate the mechanism of EOF2 promoting neurogenesis in injuries and highlight the role of novel PKC isozymes as targets in brain injury regeneration.
Collapse
|
13
|
Baecker J, Wartchow K, Sehm T, Ghoochani A, Buchfelder M, Kleindienst A. Treatment with the Neurotrophic Protein S100B Increases Synaptogenesis after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1097-1107. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Justus Baecker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Krista Wartchow
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tina Sehm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ali Ghoochani
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Michael Buchfelder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kleindienst
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Spine Surgery, Klinikum Rummelsberg, Schwarzenbruck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Delaney SL, Gendreau JL, D'Souza M, Feng AY, Ho AL. Optogenetic Modulation for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:187-197. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Austin Y. Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Georgia
| | - Allen L. Ho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thau-Zuchman O, Ingram R, Harvey GG, Cooke T, Palmas F, Pallier PN, Brook J, Priestley JV, Dalli J, Tremoleda JL, Michael-Titus AT. A Single Injection of Docosahexaenoic Acid Induces a Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator Profile in the Injured Tissue and a Long-Lasting Reduction in Neurological Deficit after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. J Neurotrauma 2019; 37:66-79. [PMID: 31256709 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to life-changing neurological deficits, which reflect the fast-evolving secondary injury post-trauma. There is a need for acute protective interventions, and the aim of this study was to explore in an experimental TBI model the neuroprotective potential of a single bolus of a neuroactive omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), administered in a time window feasible for emergency services. Adult mice received a controlled cortical impact injury (CCI) and neurological impairment was assessed with the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) up to 28 days post-injury. DHA (500 nmol/kg) or saline were injected intravenously at 30 min post-injury. The lipid mediator profile was assessed in the injured hemisphere at 3 h post-CCI. After completion of behavioral tests and lesion assessment using magnetic resonance imaging, over 7 days or 28 days post-TBI, the tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The single DHA bolus significantly reduced the injury-induced neurological deficit and increased pro-resolving mediators in the injured brain. DHA significantly reduced lesion size, the microglia and astrocytic reaction, and oxidation, and decreased the accumulation of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), indicating a reduced axonal injury at 7 days post-TBI. DHA reduced the neurofilament light levels in plasma at 28 days. Therefore, an acute single bolus of DHA post-TBI, in a time window relevant for acute emergency intervention, can induce a long-lasting and significant improvement in neurological outcome, and this is accompanied by a marked upregulation of neuroprotective mediators, including the DHA-derived resolvins and protectins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orli Thau-Zuchman
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Ingram
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina G Harvey
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Cooke
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Palmas
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick N Pallier
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Brook
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John V Priestley
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi L Tremoleda
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shahror RA, Linares GR, Wang Y, Hsueh SC, Wu CC, Chuang DM, Chiang YH, Chen KY. Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Facilitates Cognitive Recovery and Enhances Neurogenesis in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 37:14-26. [PMID: 31298621 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a progressive and complex pathological condition that results in multiple adverse consequences, including impaired learning and memory. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has produced limited benefits in experimental TBI models. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a novel metabolic regulator that has neuroprotective effects, promotes remyelination, enhances angiogenesis, and elongates astrocytic processes. In this study, MSCs were genetically engineered to overexpress FGF21 in order to improve their efficacy in TBI. MSCs overexpressing FGF21 (MSC-FGF21) were transplanted to mouse brain by intracerebroventricular injection 24 h after TBI was induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI). Hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory, assessed by the Morris water maze test, was markedly decreased 3-4 weeks after TBI, a deficit that was robustly recovered by treatment with MSC-FGF21, but not MSC-mCherry control. Hippocampus-independent learning and memory, assessed by the novel object recognition test, was also impaired; these effects were blocked by treatment with both MSC-FGF21 and MSC-mCherry control. FGF21 protein levels in the ipsilateral hippocampus were drastically reduced 4 weeks post-TBI, a loss that was restored by treatment with MSC-FGF21, but not MSC-mCherry. MSC-FGF21 treatment also partially restored TBI-induced deficits in neurogenesis and maturation of immature hippocampal neurons, whereas MSC-mCherry was less effective. Finally, MSC-FGF21 treatment also normalized TBI-induced impairments in dendritic arborization of hippocampal neurons. Taken together, the results indicate that MSC-FGF21 treatment significantly improved TBI-induced spatial memory deficits, impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, and abnormal dendritic morphology. Future clinical investigations using MSC-FGF21 to improve post-TBI outcomes are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami Ahmad Shahror
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gabriel R Linares
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Hsueh
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Che Wu
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - De-Maw Chuang
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan.,Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Villasana LE, Peters A, McCallum R, Liu C, Schnell E. Diazepam Inhibits Post-Traumatic Neurogenesis and Blocks Aberrant Dendritic Development. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2454-2467. [PMID: 30794026 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a robust increase in neurogenesis within the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, but these new neurons undergo aberrant maturation and dendritic outgrowth. Because gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors (GABAARs) modulate dendritic outgrowth during constitutive neurogenesis and GABAAR-modulating sedatives are often administered to human patients after TBI, we investigated whether the benzodiazepine, diazepam (DZP), alters post-injury hippocampal neurogenesis. We used a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI in adult mice, and administered DZP or vehicle continuously for 1 week after injury via osmotic pump. Although DZP did not affect the neurogenesis rate in control mice, it almost completely prevented the TBI-induced increase in hippocampal neurogenesis as well as the aberrant dendritic growth of neurons born after TBI. DZP did not reduce cortical injury, reactive gliosis, or cell proliferation early after injury, but decreased c-Fos activation in the dentate gyrus at both early and late time-points after TBI, suggesting an association between neuronal activity and post-injury neurogenesis. Because DZP blocks post-injury neurogenesis, further studies are warranted to assess whether benzodiazepines alter cognitive recovery or the development of complications after TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Villasana
- 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Austin Peters
- 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Raluca McCallum
- 2Operative Care Division, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Chang Liu
- 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Eric Schnell
- 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,2Operative Care Division, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Roitbak T. MicroRNAs and Regeneration in Animal Models of CNS Disorders. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:188-203. [PMID: 30877519 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are recently identified small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and significantly influence the essential cellular processes associated with CNS repair after trauma and neuropathological conditions including stroke and neurodegenerative disorders. A number of specific miRNAs are implicated in regulating the development and propagation of CNS injury, as well as its subsequent regeneration. The review focuses on the functions of the miRNAs and their role in brain recovery following CNS damage. The article introduces a brief description of miRNA biogenesis and mechanisms of miRNA-induced gene suppression, followed by an overview of miRNAs involved in the processes associated with CNS repair, including neuroprotection, neuronal plasticity and axonal regeneration, vascular reorganization, neuroinflammation, and endogenous stem cell activation. Specific emphasis is placed on the role of multifunctional miRNA miR-155, as it appears to be involved in multiple neurorestorative processes during different CNS pathologies. In association with our own studies on miR-155, I introduce a new and unexplored approach to cerebral regeneration: regulation of brain tissue repair through a direct modulation of specific miRNA activity. The review concludes with discussion on the challenges and the future potential of miRNA-based therapeutic approaches to CNS repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Roitbak
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1101 Yale Blvd, Albuquerque, NM, 87106-3834, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ketamine Alters Hippocampal Cell Proliferation and Improves Learning in Mice after Traumatic Brain Injury. Anesthesiology 2019; 129:278-295. [PMID: 29734230 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
WHAT WE ALREADY KNOW ABOUT THIS TOPIC WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: BACKGROUND:: Traumatic brain injury induces cellular proliferation in the hippocampus, which generates new neurons and glial cells during recovery. This process is regulated by N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors, which are inhibited by ketamine. The authors hypothesized that ketamine treatment after traumatic brain injury would reduce hippocampal cell proliferation, leading to worse behavioral outcomes in mice. METHODS Traumatic brain injury was induced in mice using a controlled cortical impact injury, after which mice (N = 118) received either ketamine or vehicle systemically for 1 week. The authors utilized immunohistochemical assays to evaluate neuronal, astroglial, and microglial cell proliferation and survival 3 days, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks postintervention. The Morris water maze reversal task was used to assess cognitive recovery. RESULTS Ketamine dramatically increased microglial proliferation in the granule cell layer of the hippocampus 3 days after injury (injury + vehicle, 2,800 ± 2,700 cells/mm, n = 4; injury + ketamine, 11,200 ± 6,600 cells/mm, n = 6; P = 0.012). Ketamine treatment also prevented the production of astrocytes 2 weeks after injury (sham + vehicle, 2,400 ± 3,200 cells/mm, n = 13; injury + vehicle, 10,500 ± 11,300 cells/mm, n = 12; P = 0.013 vs. sham + vehicle; sham + ketamine, 3,500 ± 4,900 cells/mm, n = 14; injury + ketamine, 4,800 ± 3,000 cells/mm, n = 13; P = 0.955 vs. sham + ketamine). Independent of injury, ketamine temporarily reduced neurogenesis (vehicle-exposed, 105,100 ± 66,700, cells/mm, n = 25; ketamine-exposed, 74,300 ± 29,200 cells/mm, n = 27; P = 0.031). Ketamine administration improved performance in the Morris water maze reversal test after injury, but had no effect on performance in sham-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Ketamine alters hippocampal cell proliferation after traumatic brain injury. Surprisingly, these changes were associated with improvement in a neurogenesis-related behavioral recall task, suggesting a possible benefit from ketamine administration after traumatic brain injury in mice. Future studies are needed to determine generalizability and mechanism.
Collapse
|
20
|
Geribaldi-Doldán N, Carrasco M, Murillo-Carretero M, Domínguez-García S, García-Cózar FJ, Muñoz-Miranda JP, Del Río-García V, Verástegui C, Castro C. Specific inhibition of ADAM17/TACE promotes neurogenesis in the injured motor cortex. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:862. [PMID: 30154402 PMCID: PMC6113335 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain injuries in the adult mammalian brain are accompanied by a fast neurogenic response inside neurogenic niches. However, this response does not contribute to the generation of new neurons within damaged tissues like the cerebral cortex, which are essentially non-neurogenic. This occurs because injuries create a hostile environment that favors gliogenesis. Overexpression and sequential activation of the ADAM17/TGFα/EGFR signaling cascade are crucial for the generation of this gliogenic/non-neurogenic environment. Here, we demonstrate that chronic local infusion of a general metalloprotease inhibitor in areas of traumatic cortical injury in adult mice moderately increased the number of neuroblasts around the lesion, by facilitating the survival of neuroblasts and undifferentiated progenitors, which had migrated to the perilesional area from the subventricular zone. Next, we generated a dominant-negative version of ADAM17 metalloprotease, consisting of a truncated protein containing only the pro-domain (ADAM17-Pro). Specific inhibition of ADAM17 activity by ADAM17-Pro overexpression increased the generation of new neurons in vitro. Local overexpression of ADAM17-Pro in injured cortex in vivo, mediated by lentiviral vectors, dramatically increased the number of neuroblasts observed at the lesion 14 days after injury. Those neuroblasts were able to differentiate into cholinergic and GABAergic neurons 28 days after injury. We conclude that ADAM17 is a putative target to develop new therapeutic tools for the treatment of traumatic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Manuel Carrasco
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Maribel Murillo-Carretero
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Samuel Domínguez-García
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-Cózar
- Área de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Muñoz-Miranda
- Área de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Valme Del Río-García
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Verástegui
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Castro
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang J, Ma MW, Dhandapani KM, Brann DW. NADPH oxidase 2 deletion enhances neurogenesis following traumatic brain injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 123:62-71. [PMID: 29782989 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzyme family is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contributor to the secondary pathology underlying traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, little is known about how NOX-derived ROS influences the proliferation and cell-fate determination of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) following TBI. In the current study, we found that deletion of NOX2 (NOX2-KO) significantly decreases the population of radial glia-like NSCs and neuroblasts but maintains the population of non-radial Sox2 expressing stem cells under physiological (non-injury) conditions. Surprisingly, the brains of NOX2-KO mice demonstrated a robust increase in the number of neuroblasts during the first week after TBI, as compared to the wild-type group. This increase may result from an enhanced proliferation of NPCs in a lower ROS environment after brain injury, as further examination revealed a significant increase of dividing neuroblasts in both NOX2-KO and NOX inhibitor-treated mouse brain during the first week following TBI. Finally, 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) lineage tracing demonstrated a significantly increased number of newborn neurons were present in the perilesional cortex of NOX2-KO mice at 5 weeks post TBI, indicating that deletion of NOX2 promotes long-term neurogenesis in the injured brain following TBI. Altogether, these findings suggest that targeting NOX through genetic deletion or inhibition enhances post-injury neurogenesis, which may be beneficial for recovery following TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Charlie Norwood Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA
| | - Merry W Ma
- Charlie Norwood Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA
| | - Krishnan M Dhandapani
- Charlie Norwood Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA
| | - Darrell W Brann
- Charlie Norwood Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health concern, with limited treatment options available. Despite improving survival rate after TBI, treatment is lacking for brain functional recovery and structural repair in clinic. Recent studies have suggested that the mature brain harbors neural stem cells which have regenerative capacity following brain insults. Much progress has been made in preclinical TBI model studies in understanding the behaviors, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of neural stem cells in the injured brain. Different strategies targeting these cell population have been assessed in TBI models. In parallel, cell transplantation strategy using a wide range of stem cells has been explored for TBI treatment in pre-clinical studies and some in clinical trials. This review summarized strategies which have been explored to enhance endogenous neural stem cell-mediated regeneration and recent development in cell transplantation studies for post-TBI brain repair. RECENT FINDINGS Thus far, neural regeneration through neural stem cells either by modulating endogenous neural stem cells or by stem cell transplantation has attracted much attention. It is highly speculated that targeting neural stem cells could be a potential strategy to repair and regenerate the injured brain. Neuroprotection and neuroregeneration are major aspects for TBI therapeutic development. With technique advancement, it is hoped that stem cell-based therapy targeting neuroregeneration will be able to translate to clinic in not so far future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Weston
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O.Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O.Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Saraulli D, Costanzi M, Mastrorilli V, Farioli-Vecchioli S. The Long Run: Neuroprotective Effects of Physical Exercise on Adult Neurogenesis from Youth to Old Age. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 15:519-533. [PMID: 27000776 PMCID: PMC5543673 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160412150223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid lengthening of life expectancy has raised the problem of providing social programs to counteract the age-related cognitive decline in a growing number of older people. Physical activity stands among the most promising interventions aimed at brain wellbeing, because of its effective neuroprotective action and low social cost. The purpose of this review is to describe the neuroprotective role exerted by physical activity in different life stages. In particular, we focus on adult neurogenesis, a process which has proved being highly responsive to physical exercise and may represent a major factor of brain health over the lifespan. METHODS The most recent literature related to the subject has been reviewed. The text has been divided into three main sections, addressing the effects of physical exercise during childhood/ adolescence, adulthood and aging, respectively. For each one, the most relevant studies, carried out on both human participants and rodent models, have been described. RESULTS The data reviewed converge in indicating that physical activity exerts a positive effect on brain functioning throughout the lifespan. However, uncertainty remains about the magnitude of the effect and its biological underpinnings. Cellular and synaptic plasticity provided by adult neurogenesis are highly probable mediators, but the mechanism for their action has yet to be conclusively established. CONCLUSION Despite alternative mechanisms of action are currently debated, age-appropriate physical activity programs may constitute a large-scale, relatively inexpensive and powerful approach to dampen the individual and social impact of age-related cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Saraulli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, & Fondazione S. Lucia, Rome. Italy
| | - Marco Costanzi
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, Rome. Italy
| | - Valentina Mastrorilli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, & Fondazione S. Lucia, Rome. Italy
| | - Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome. Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ghazale H, Ramadan N, Mantash S, Zibara K, El-Sitt S, Darwish H, Chamaa F, Boustany RM, Mondello S, Abou-Kheir W, Soueid J, Kobeissy F. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enhances the therapeutic potential of neonatal neural stem cell transplantation post-Traumatic brain injury. Behav Brain Res 2017; 340:1-13. [PMID: 29126932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide with 1.5 million people inflicted yearly. Several neurotherapeutic interventions have been proposed including drug administration as well as cellular therapy involving neural stem cells (NSCs). Among the proposed drugs is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid, exhibiting neuroprotective properties. In this study, we utilized an innovative intervention of neonatal NSCs transplantation in combination with DHA injections in order to ameliorate brain damage and promote functional recovery in an experimental model of TBI. Thus, NSCs derived from the subventricular zone of neonatal pups were cultured into neurospheres and transplanted in the cortex of an experimentally controlled cortical impact mouse model of TBI. The effect of NSC transplantation was assessed alone and/or in combination with DHA administration. Motor deficits were evaluated using pole climbing and rotarod tests. Using immunohistochemistry, the effect of transplanted NSCs and DHA treatment was used to assess astrocytic (Glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) and microglial (ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1, IBA-1) activity. In addition, we quantified neuroblasts (doublecortin; DCX) and dopaminergic neurons (tyrosine hydroxylase; TH) expression levels. Combined NSC transplantation and DHA injections significantly attenuated TBI-induced motor function deficits (pole climbing test), promoted neurogenesis, coupled with an increase in glial reactivity at the cortical site of injury. In addition, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons was found to increase markedly in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra in the combination therapy group. Immunoblotting analysis indicated that DHA+NSCs treated animals showed decreased levels of 38kDa GFAP-BDP (breakdown product) and 145kDa αII-spectrin SBDP indicative of attenuated calpain/caspase activation. These data demonstrate that prior treatment with DHA may be a desirable strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of NSC transplantation in TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Ghazale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Naify Ramadan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Sara Mantash
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, DSST, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sally El-Sitt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Hala Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Farah Chamaa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rose Mary Boustany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Lebanon; American University of Beirut Medical Center Special Kids Clinic, Neurogenetics Program and Division of Pediatric Neurology, Departments of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, A.O.U. "Policlinico G. Martino", Via Consolare Valeria, Messina, 98125, Italy
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Jihane Soueid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Lebanon.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Lebanon; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Peng L, Bonaguidi MA. Function and Dysfunction of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Regeneration and Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:23-28. [PMID: 29030053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is the only known brain region where physiological neurogenesis continues into adulthood across mammalian species and in humans. However, disease and injury can change the level of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which plays an important role in regulating cognitive and emotional abilities. Alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis can mediate treatment of mental illness or affect the brain's capacity for repair and regeneration. In the present review, we evaluate how adult neurogenesis contributes to the repair and regeneration of hippocampal circuitry in the face of diseases and injuries. We also discuss possible future directions for harnessing adult neurogenesis for therapeutic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- Broad California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael A Bonaguidi
- Broad California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; Department of Gerontology, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang H, Mei X, Cao Y, Liu C, Zhao Z, Guo Z, Bi Y, Shen Z, Yuan Y, Guo Y, Song C, Bai L, Wang Y, Yu D. HMGB1/Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) does not aggravate inflammation but promote endogenous neural stem cells differentiation in spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10332. [PMID: 28871209 PMCID: PMC5583351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) signaling is involved in a series of cell functions after spinal cord injury (SCI). Our study aimed to elucidate the effects of RAGE signaling on the neuronal recovery after SCI. In vivo, rats were subjected to SCI with or without anti-RAGE antibodies micro-injected into the lesion epicenter. We detected Nestin/RAGE, SOX-2/RAGE and Nestin/MAP-2 after SCI by Western blot or immunofluorescence (IF). We found that neural stem cells (NSCs) co-expressed with RAGE were significantly activated after SCI, while stem cell markers Nestin and SOX-2 were reduced by RAGE blockade. We found that RAGE inhibition reduced nestin-positive NSCs expressing MAP-2, a mature neuron marker. RAGE blockade does not improve neurobehavior Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scores; however, it damaged survival of ventral neurons via Nissl staining. Through in vitro study, we found that recombinant HMGB1 administration does not lead to increased cytokines of TNF-α and IL-1β, while anti-RAGE treatment reduced cytokines of TNF-α and IL-1β induced by LPS via ELISA. Meanwhile, HMGB1 increased MAP-2 expression, which was blocked after anti-RAGE treatment. Hence, HMGB1/RAGE does not exacerbate neuronal inflammation but plays a role in promoting NSCs differentiating into mature neurons in the pathological process of SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China.
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Zhanpeng Guo
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Yunlong Bi
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Zhaoliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Jinzhou, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Yajiang Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Cangwei Song
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Liangjie Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University, Shenyang City, PR China
| | - Yansong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Deshui Yu
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Brizuela M, Blizzard CA, Chuckowree JA, Pitman KA, Young KM, Dickson T. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Leads to Decreased Inhibition and a Differential Response of Calretinin Positive Interneurons in the Injured Cortex. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:2504-2517. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.4977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brizuela
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Jyoti A. Chuckowree
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kimberley A. Pitman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kaylene M. Young
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tracey Dickson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Betancur MI, Mason HD, Alvarado-Velez M, Holmes PV, Bellamkonda RV, Karumbaiah L. Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosaminoglycan Matrices Promote Neural Stem Cell Maintenance and Neuroprotection Post-Traumatic Brain Injury. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:420-430. [PMID: 29744379 PMCID: PMC5937277 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There are currently no effective treatments for moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). The paracrine functions of undifferentiated neural stem cells (NSCs) are believed to play a significant role in stimulating the repair and regeneration of injured brain tissue. We therefore hypothesized that fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) enriching chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan (CS-GAG) matrices can maintain the undifferentiated state of neural stem cells (NSCs) and facilitate brain tissue repair subacutely post-TBI. Rats subjected to a controlled cortical impactor (CCI) induced TBI were intraparenchymally injected with CS-GAG matrices alone or with CS-GAG matrices containing PKH26GL labeled allogeneic NSCs. Nissl staining of brain tissue 4 weeks post-TBI demonstrated the significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) tissue protection in CS-GAG treated animals when compared to TBI only control, and NSC only treated animals. CS-GAG-NSC treated animals demonstrated significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) FGF2 retention, and maintenance of PKH26GL labeled NSCs as indicated by enhanced Sox1+ and Ki67+ cell presence over other differentiated cell types. Lastly, all treatment groups and sham controls exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated GFAP+ reactive astrocyte presence in the lesion site when compared to TBI only controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha I. Betancur
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, The University of Georgia, 425 River Road, ADS Complex, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Hannah D. Mason
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, The University of Georgia, 425 River Road, ADS Complex, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Melissa Alvarado-Velez
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Phillip V. Holmes
- Psychology Department, The University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Ravi V. Bellamkonda
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lohitash Karumbaiah
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, The University of Georgia, 425 River Road, ADS Complex, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Traumatic Brain Injury Stimulates Neural Stem Cell Proliferation via Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway Activation. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0162-16. [PMID: 27822507 PMCID: PMC5089538 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0162-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells in the adult brain possess the ability to remain quiescent until needed in tissue homeostasis or repair. It was previously shown that traumatic brain injury (TBI) stimulated neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation in the adult hippocampus, indicating an innate repair mechanism, but it is unknown how TBI promotes NSC proliferation. In the present study, we observed dramatic activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in the hippocampus of mice with TBI from controlled cortical impact (CCI). The peak of mTORC1 activation in the hippocampal subgranular zone, where NSCs reside, is 24-48 h after trauma, correlating with the peak of TBI-enhanced NSC proliferation. By use of a Nestin-GFP transgenic mouse, in which GFP is ectopically expressed in the NSCs, we found that TBI activated mTORC1 in NSCs. With 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling, we observed that TBI increased mTORC1 activation in proliferating NSCs. Furthermore, administration of rapamycin abolished TBI-promoted NSC proliferation. Taken together, these data indicate that mTORC1 activation is required for NSC proliferation postinjury, and thus might serve as a therapeutic target for interventions to augment neurogenesis for brain repair after TBI.
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen C, Ma TZ, Wang LN, Wang JJ, Tu Y, Zhao ML, Zhang S, Sun HT, Li XH. Mild hypothermia facilitates the long-term survival of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus after traumatic brain injury by diminishing a pro-apoptotic microenvironment. Neuroscience 2016; 335:114-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
32
|
Comparative effect of immature neuronal or glial cell transplantation on motor functional recovery following experimental traumatic brain injury in rats. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1671-1680. [PMID: 27602084 PMCID: PMC4998226 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the comparative effect of stereotaxically transplanted immature neuronal or glial cells in brain on motor functional recovery and cytokine expression after cold-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adult rats. A total of 60 rats were divided into four groups (n=15/group): Sham group; TBI only group; TBI plus neuronal cells-transplanted group (NC-G); and TBI plus glial cells-transplanted group (GC-G). Cortical lesions were induced by a touching metal stamp, frozen with liquid nitrogen, to the dura mater over the motor cortex of adult rats. Neuronal and glial cells were isolated from rat embryonic and newborn cortices, respectively, and cultured in culture flasks. Rats received neurons or glia grafts (~1×106 cells) 5 days after TBI was induced. Motor functional evaluation was performed with the rotarod test prior to and following glial and neural cell grafts. Five rats from each group were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-cell transplantation. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on brain section to identify the transplanted neuronal or glial cells using neural and astrocytic markers. The expression levels of cytokines, including transforming growth factor-β, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, which have key roles in the proliferation, differentiation and survival of neural cells, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. A localized cortical lesion was evoked in all injured rats, resulting in significant motor deficits. Transplanted cells successfully migrated and survived in the injured brain lesion, and the expression of neuronal and astrocyte markers were detected in the NC-G and GC-G groups, respectively. Rats in the NC-G and GC-G cell-transplanted groups exhibited significant motor functional recovery and reduced histopathologic lesions, as compared with the TBI-G rats that did not receive neural cells (P<0.05, respectively). Furthermore, GC-G treatment induced significantly improved motor functional recovery, as compared with the NC-G group (P<0.05). Increased cytokine expression levels were detected in the NC-G and GC-G groups, as compared with the TBI-G; however, no differences were found between the two groups. These data suggested that transplanted immature neural cells may promote the survival of neural cells in cortical lesion and motor functional recovery. Furthermore, transplanted glial cells may be used as an effective therapeutic tool for TBI patients with abnormalities in motor functional recovery and cytokine expression.
Collapse
|
33
|
Stocchetti N, Zanier ER. Chronic impact of traumatic brain injury on outcome and quality of life: a narrative review. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2016; 20:148. [PMID: 27323708 PMCID: PMC4915181 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally seen as a sudden, brutal event with short-term impairment, traumatic brain injury (TBI) may cause persistent, sometimes life-long, consequences. While mortality after TBI has been reduced, a high proportion of severe TBI survivors require prolonged rehabilitation and may suffer long-term physical, cognitive, and psychological disorders. Additionally, chronic consequences have been identified not only after severe TBI but also in a proportion of cases previously classified as moderate or mild. This burden affects the daily life of survivors and their families; it also has relevant social and economic costs. Outcome evaluation is difficult for several reasons: co-existing extra-cranial injuries (spinal cord damage, for instance) may affect independence and quality of life outside the pure TBI effects; scales may not capture subtle, but important, changes; co-operation from patients may be impossible in the most severe cases. Several instruments have been developed for capturing specific aspects, from generic health status to specific cognitive functions. Even simple instruments, however, have demonstrated variable inter-rater agreement. The possible links between structural traumatic brain damage and functional impairment have been explored both experimentally and in the clinical setting with advanced neuro-imaging techniques. We briefly report on some fundamental findings, which may also offer potential targets for future therapies. Better understanding of damage mechanisms and new approaches to neuroprotection-restoration may offer better outcomes for the millions of survivors of TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nino Stocchetti
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, Milan University, Milan, Italy.,Neuro ICU Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Effect of zinc supplementation on neuronal precursor proliferation in the rat hippocampus after traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2016; 279:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
35
|
Zhao S, Yu A, Wang X, Gao X, Chen J. Post-Injury Treatment of 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Promotes Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus of the Adult Mouse. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:2055-2064. [PMID: 26715291 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) at the moderate level of impact induces massive cell death and results in extensive dendrite degeneration in the brain, leading to persistent cognitive, sensory, and motor dysfunction. Our previous reports have shown that adult-born immature granular neurons in the dentate gyrus are the most vulnerable cell type in the hippocampus after receiving a moderate TBI with a controlled cortical impact (CCI) device. There is no effective approach to prevent immature neuron death or degeneration following TBI. Our recent study found that pretreatment of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), a small molecule imitating brain-derived neurotrophic factor, protected immature neurons in the hippocampus from death following TBI. In the present study, we systemically treated moderate CCI-TBI mice or sham surgery mice with DHF once a day for 2 weeks via intraperitoneal injection, and then assessed the immature neurons in the hippocampus the 2nd day after the last DHF injection. We found that post-injury treatment of DHF for 2 weeks not only increased the number of adult-born immature neurons in the hippocampus, but also promoted their dendrite arborization in the injured brain following TBI. Thus, DHF may be a promising compound that can promote neurogenesis and enhance immature neuron development following TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhao
- 1 Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Alex Yu
- 2 Carmel High School , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- 1 Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Xiang Gao
- 1 Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jinhui Chen
- 1 Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang SN, Xu TY, Li WL, Miao CY. Targeting Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy to Restore Adult Neurogenesis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:431-9. [PMID: 27018006 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons throughout life in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus of most mammalian species, which is closely related to aging and disease. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), also an adipokine known as visfatin, is the rate-limiting enzyme for mammalian nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) salvage synthesis by generating nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) from nicotinamide. Recent findings from our laboratory and other laboratories have provided much evidence that NAMPT might serve as a therapeutic target to restore adult neurogenesis. NAMPT-mediated NAD biosynthesis in neural stem/progenitor cells is important for their proliferation, self-renewal, and formation of oligodendrocytes in vivo and in vitro. Therapeutic interventions by the administration of NMN, NAD, or recombinant NAMPT are effective for restoring adult neurogenesis in several neurological diseases. We summarize adult neurogenesis in aging, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease and review the advances of targeting NAMPT in restoring neurogenesis. Specifically, we provide emphasis on the P7C3 family, a class of proneurogenic compounds that are potential NAMPT activators, which might shed light on future drug development in neurogenesis restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Lin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ibrahim S, Hu W, Wang X, Gao X, He C, Chen J. Traumatic Brain Injury Causes Aberrant Migration of Adult-Born Neurons in the Hippocampus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21793. [PMID: 26898165 PMCID: PMC4761898 DOI: 10.1038/srep21793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) promotes neural stem/progenitor cell (NSC) proliferation in an attempt to initiate innate repair mechanisms. However, all immature neurons in the CNS are required to migrate from their birthplace to their final destination to develop into functional neurons. Here we assessed the destination of adult-born neurons following TBI. We found that a large percentage of immature neurons migrated past their normal stopping site at the inner granular cell layer (GCL), and became misplaced in the outer GCL of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. The aberrant migration of adult-born neurons in the hippocampus occurred 48 hours after TBI, and lasted for 8 weeks, resulting in a great number of newly generated neurons misplaced in the outer GCL in the hippocampus. Those misplaced neurons were able to become mature and differentiate into granular neurons, but located ectopically in the outer GCL with reduced dendritic complexity after TBI. The adult-born neurons at the misplaced position may make wrong connections with inappropriate nearby targets in the pre-existing neural network. These results suggest that although stimulation of endogenous NSCs following TBI might offer new avenues for cell-based therapy, additional intervention is required to further enhance successful neurogenesis for repairing the damaged brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ibrahim
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Xiang Gao
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Chunyan He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rocamonde B, Paradells S, Garcia Esparza MA, Vives MS, Sauro S, Ramos CM, Pradas MM, Soria JM. Combined application of polyacrylate scaffold and lipoic acid treatment promotes neural tissue reparation after brain injury. Brain Inj 2016; 30:208-16. [PMID: 26745450 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2015.1091505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the reparative potential of a polymeric scaffold designed for brain tissue repair in combination with lipoic acid. RESEARCH DESIGN Histological, cytological and structural analysis of a combined treatment after a brain cryo-injury model in rats. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Adult Wistar rats were subjected to cryogenic brain injury. A channelled-porous scaffold of ethyl acrylate and hydroxyethylacrylate, p(EA-co-HEA) was grafted into cerebral penumbra alone or combined with intraperitoneal LA administration. Histological and cytological evaluation was performed after 15 and 60 days and structural magnetic resonance (MRI) assessment was performed at 2 and 6 months after the surgery. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The scaffold was suitable for the establishment of different cellular types. The results obtained suggest that this strategy promotes blood vessels formation, decreased microglial response and neuron migration, particularly when LA was administrated. CONCLUSIONS These evidences demonstrated that the combination of a channelled polymer scaffold with LA administration may represent a potential treatment for neural tissue repair after brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Rocamonde
- a Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera , Valencia , Spain
| | - Sara Paradells
- a Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera , Valencia , Spain
| | | | - Mavi Sánchez Vives
- b Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- a Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera , Valencia , Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez Ramos
- c Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Manuel Monleón Pradas
- c Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - José Miguel Soria
- a Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera , Valencia , Spain.,d Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera , Moncada , Valencia , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang X, Gao X, Michalski S, Zhao S, Chen J. Traumatic Brain Injury Severity Affects Neurogenesis in Adult Mouse Hippocampus. J Neurotrauma 2015; 33:721-33. [PMID: 26414411 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been proven to enhance neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. However, various groups have reported contradictory results on whether TBI increases neurogenesis, partially due to a wide range in the severities of injuries seen with different TBI models. To address whether the severity of TBI affects neurogenesis in the injured brain, we assessed neurogenesis in mouse brains receiving different severities of controlled cortical impact (CCI) with the same injury device. The mice were subjected to mild, moderate, or severe TBI by a CCI device. The effects of TBI severity on neurogenesis were evaluated at three stages: NSC proliferation, immature neurons, and newly-generated mature neurons. The results showed that mild TBI did not affect neurogenesis at any of the three stages. Moderate TBI promoted NSC proliferation without increasing neurogenesis. Severe TBI increased neurogenesis at all three stages. Our data suggest that the severity of injury affects adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and thus it may partially explain the inconsistent results of different groups regarding neurogenesis following TBI. Further understanding the mechanism of TBI-induced neurogenesis may provide a potential approach for using endogenous NSCs to protect against neuronal loss after trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wang
- 1 Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana.,2 Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana.,3 Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Xiang Gao
- 1 Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana.,2 Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana.,3 Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Stephanie Michalski
- 3 Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Shu Zhao
- 1 Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana.,2 Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana.,3 Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jinhui Chen
- 1 Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana.,2 Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana.,3 Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
An F, Qu Y, Liu X, Zhong R, Luo Y. Organ-on-a-Chip: New Platform for Biological Analysis. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2015; 10:39-45. [PMID: 26640364 PMCID: PMC4664205 DOI: 10.4137/aci.s28905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Direct detection and analysis of biomolecules and cells in physiological microenvironment is urgently needed for fast evaluation of biology and pharmacy. The past several years have witnessed remarkable development opportunities in vitro organs and tissues models with multiple functions based on microfluidic devices, termed as “organ-on-a-chip”. Briefly speaking, it is a promising technology in rebuilding physiological functions of tissues and organs, featuring mammalian cell co-culture and artificial microenvironment created by microchannel networks. In this review, we summarized the advances in studies of heart-, vessel-, liver-, neuron-, kidney- and Multi-organs-on-a-chip, and discussed some noteworthy potential on-chip detection schemes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan An
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yueyang Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xianming Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Runtao Zhong
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nitric Oxide Regulates Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus following Seizures. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:451512. [PMID: 26587180 PMCID: PMC4637492 DOI: 10.1155/2015/451512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis is changed by brain injury. When neuroinflammation accompanies injury, activation of resident microglial cells promotes the release of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species like nitric oxide (NO). In these conditions, NO promotes proliferation of neural stem cells (NSC) in the hippocampus. However, little is known about the role of NO in the survival and differentiation of newborn cells in the injured dentate gyrus. Here we investigated the role of NO following seizures in the regulation of proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival of NSC in the hippocampus using the kainic acid (KA) induced seizure mouse model. We show that NO increased the proliferation of NSC and the number of neuroblasts following seizures but was detrimental to the survival of newborn neurons. NO was also required for the maintenance of long-term neuroinflammation. Taken together, our data show that NO positively contributes to the initial stages of neurogenesis following seizures but compromises survival of newborn neurons.
Collapse
|
42
|
Functional Integration of Adult-Born Hippocampal Neurons after Traumatic Brain Injury(1,2,3). eNeuro 2015; 2:eN-NWR-0056-15. [PMID: 26478908 PMCID: PMC4603252 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0056-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases hippocampal neurogenesis, which may contribute to cognitive recovery after injury. However, it is unknown whether TBI-induced adult-born neurons mature normally and functionally integrate into the hippocampal network. We assessed the generation, morphology, and synaptic integration of new hippocampal neurons after a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury model of TBI. To label TBI-induced newborn neurons, we used 2-month-old POMC-EGFP mice, which transiently and specifically express EGFP in immature hippocampal neurons, and doublecortin-CreERT2 transgenic mice crossed with Rosa26-CAG-tdTomato reporter mice, to permanently pulse-label a cohort of adult-born hippocampal neurons. TBI increased the generation, outward migration, and dendritic complexity of neurons born during post-traumatic neurogenesis. Cells born after TBI had profound alterations in their dendritic structure, with increased dendritic branching proximal to the soma and widely splayed dendritic branches. These changes were apparent during early dendritic outgrowth and persisted as these cells matured. Whole-cell recordings from neurons generated during post-traumatic neurogenesis demonstrate that they are excitable and functionally integrate into the hippocampal circuit. However, despite their dramatic morphologic abnormalities, we found no differences in the rate of their electrophysiological maturation, or their overall degree of synaptic integration when compared to age-matched adult-born cells from sham mice. Our results suggest that cells born after TBI participate in information processing, and receive an apparently normal balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs. However, TBI-induced changes in their anatomic localization and dendritic projection patterns could result in maladaptive network properties.
Collapse
|
43
|
Ahmed AI, Gajavelli S, Spurlock MS, Chieng LO, Bullock MR. Stem cells for therapy in TBI. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2015; 162:98-102. [PMID: 26338987 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2015-000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
While the pace of traumatic brain injury (TBI) research has accelerated, the treatment options remain limited. Clinical trials are yet to yield successful treatment options, leading to innovative strategies to overcome the severe debilitating consequences of TBI. Stem cells may act as a potential treatment option. They have two key characteristics, the ability of self-renewal and the ability to give rise to daughter cells, which in the case of neural stem cells (NSCs) includes neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. They respond to the injury environment providing trophic support and have been shown to differentiate and integrate into the host brain. In this review, we introduce the notion of an NSC and describe the two neurogenic niches in the mammalian brain. The literature supporting the activation of an NSC in rodent models of TBI, both in vivo and in vitro, is detailed. This endogenous activation of NSCs may be augmented by exogenous transplantation of NSCs. Delivery of NSCs to assist the host nervous system has become an attractive option, with either fetal or adult NSC. This has resulted in cognitive and functional improvement in rodents, and current animal studies are using human NSCs. While no NSC clinical trials are currently ongoing for TBI, this review touches upon other neurological diseases and discuss how this may move forward into TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aminul Islam Ahmed
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - S Gajavelli
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - M S Spurlock
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - L O Chieng
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - M R Bullock
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen MM, Zhao GW, He P, Jiang ZL, Xi X, Xu SH, Ma DM, Wang Y, Li YC, Wang GH. Improvement in the neural stem cell proliferation in rats treated with modified "Shengyu" decoction may contribute to the neurorestoration. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 165:9-19. [PMID: 25704929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE "Shengyu" decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat diseases with deficit in "qi" and "blood". The modified "Shengyu" decoction (MSD) used in the present study was designed to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the basis of the "Shengyu" decoction, in which additional four herbs were added. Many ingredients in these herbs have been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of brain injury. The present study was performed to evaluate the neurorestorative effect and the underlying mechanisms of MSD on the rat brain after a TBI. MATERIALS AND METHODS TBI was induced in the right cerebral cortex of adult rats using Feeney's weight-drop method. Intragastrical administration of MSD (1.0 ml/200 g) was begun 6h after TBI. The neurological functions and neuronal loss in the cortex and hippocampus were determined. The levels of nerve growth-related factors GDNF, NGF, NCAM, TN-C, and Nogo-A and the number of GFAP(+)/GDNF(+), BrdU(+)/nestin(+), BrdU(+)/NeuN(+) immunoreactive cells in the brain ipsilateral to TBI were also measured. Moreover, the influences of MSD on these variables were observed at the same time. RESULTS We found that treatment with MSD in TBI rats ameliorated the neurological functions and alleviated neuronal loss. MSD treatment elevated the expression of GDNF, NGF, NCAM, and TN-C, and inhibited the expression of Nogo-A. Moreover, MSD treatment increased the number of GFAP(+)/GDNF(+), BrdU(+)/nestin(+), and BrdU(+)/NeuN(+) immunoreactive cells in the cortex and hippocampus. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that MSD treatment in TBI rats could improve the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells and differentiation into neurons, which may facilitate neural regeneration and tissue repair and thus contribute to the recovery of neurological functions. These effects of modified "Shengyu" decoction may provide a foundation for the use of MSD as a prescription of medicinal herbs in the traditional medicine to treat brain injuries in order to improve the neurorestoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Chen
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Guang-Wei Zhao
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China; Department of Neurology, The People׳s Hospital of Gaocheng, Hebei 052160, China
| | - Peng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People׳s Hospital of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Zheng-Lin Jiang
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China.
| | - Xin Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Chinese Medicine, The People׳s Hospital of Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Shi-Hui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People׳s Hospital of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Dong-Ming Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People׳s Hospital of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Chinese Medicine, The People׳s Hospital of Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yong-Cai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People׳s Hospital of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Guo-Hua Wang
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sun D. Endogenous neurogenic cell response in the mature mammalian brain following traumatic injury. Exp Neurol 2015; 275 Pt 3:405-410. [PMID: 25936874 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the mature mammalian brain, new neurons are generated throughout life in the neurogenic regions of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Over the past two decades, extensive studies have examined the extent of adult neurogenesis in the SVZ and DG, the role of the adult generated new neurons in normal brain function and the underlying mechanisms regulating the process of adult neurogenesis. The extent and the function of adult neurogenesis under neuropathological conditions have also been explored in varying types of disease models in animals. Increasing evidence has indicated that these endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells may play regenerative and reparative roles in response to CNS injuries or diseases. This review will discuss the potential functions of adult neurogenesis in the injured brain and will describe the recent development of strategies aimed at harnessing this neurogenic capacity in order to repopulate and repair the injured brain following trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 980631, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23298-631, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shamloo A, Heibatollahi M, Mofrad MRK. Directional migration and differentiation of neural stem cells within three-dimensional microenvironments. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:335-44. [PMID: 25633746 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00144c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing neural stem cells to repair neuronal damage is a promising potential treatment for neuronal diseases. To enable future therapeutic efficacy, the survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) should be accurately studied and optimized in in vitro platforms before transplanting these cells into the body for treatment purposes. Such studies can determine the appropriate quantities of the biochemical and biomechanical factors needed to control and optimize NPC behavior in vivo. In this study, NPCs were cultured within a microfluidic device while being encapsulated within the collagen matrix. The migration and differentiation of NPCs were studied in response to varying concentrations of nerve growth factor (NGF) and within varying densities of collagen matrices. It was shown that the migration and differentiation of NPCs can be significantly improved by providing the appropriate range of NGF concentrations while encapsulating the cells within the collagen matrix of optimal density. In particular, it was observed that within collagen matrices of intermediate density (0.9 mg ml(-1)), NPCs have a higher ability to migrate farther and in a collective manner while their differentiation into neurons is significantly higher and the cells can form protrusions and connections with their neighboring cells. Within collagen matrices with higher densities (1.8 mg ml(-1)), the cells did not migrate significantly as compared to the ones within lower matrix densities; within the matrices with lower collagen densities (0.45 mg ml(-1)) most of the cells migrated in an individual manner. However, no significant differentiation into neurons was observed for these two cases. It was also found that depending on the collagen matrix density, a minimum concentration of NGF caused a collective migration of NPCs, and a minimum concentration gradient of this factor stimulated the directional navigation of the cells. The results of this study can be implemented in designing platforms appropriate for regeneration of damaged neuronal systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shamloo
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Identification of serum microRNA signatures for diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury in a closed head injury model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112019. [PMID: 25379886 PMCID: PMC4224512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have highlighted the problems of diagnosis and treatment of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). MTBI is a heterogeneous injury that may lead to the development of neurological and behavioral disorders. In the absence of specific diagnostic markers, mTBI is often unnoticed or misdiagnosed. In this study, mice were induced with increasing levels of mTBI and microRNA (miRNA) changes in the serum were determined. MTBI was induced by varying weight and fall height of the impactor rod resulting in four different severity grades of the mTBI. Injuries were characterized as mild by assessing with the neurobehavioral severity scale-revised (NSS-R) at day 1 post injury. Open field locomotion and acoustic startle response showed behavioral and sensory motor deficits in 3 of the 4 injury groups at day 1 post injury. All of the animals recovered after day 1 with no significant neurobehavioral alteration by day 30 post injury. Serum microRNA (miRNA) profiles clearly differentiated injured from uninjured animals. Overall, the number of miRNAs that were significantly modulated in injured animals over the sham controls increased with the severity of the injury. Thirteen miRNAs were found to identify mTBI regardless of its severity within the mild spectrum of injury. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the more severe brain injuries were associated with a greater number of miRNAs involved in brain related functions. The evaluation of serum miRNA may help to identify the severity of brain injury and the risk of developing adverse effects after TBI.
Collapse
|
48
|
Hu BY, Liu XJ, Qiang R, Jiang ZL, Xu LH, Wang GH, Li X, Peng B. Treatment with ginseng total saponins improves the neurorestoration of rat after traumatic brain injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1243-55. [PMID: 25046825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, is a traditional medicinal herb that has been widely used in Asia for the treatment of many diseases through its effects of reinforcing vitality, strengthening the bodily resistance to pathogenic factors, engendering body liquids and allaying thirst, relieving uneasiness of the body and mind and benefiting intelligence, reducing body weight and prolonging life. Ginsenosides are the most important biologically active substances in ginseng. Many reports have suggested that ginsenosides could exert prominent neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects, promote neural stem/progenitor cell (NSC) proliferation and promote neurite outgrowth and neuronal network formation. The present study aimed to investigate whether treatment with ginsenosides could facilitate NSC proliferation in the hippocampal formation after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and contribute to the recovery of neurological functions including learning and memory. MATERIALS AND METHODS The modified Feeney׳s method was used to induce a TBI in rats. Ginseng total saponins (GTS) were treated intraperitoneally twice a day for 1 week after the TBI. The neurological functions, morphology of the hippocampus, expression of nerve growth-related factors and number of NSCs in the hippocampal formation ipsilateral to the trauma were determined. RESULTS We determined 1) GTS (5-80 mg/kg) treatment after a TBI improved the recovery of neurological functions, including learning and memory, and reduced cell loss in the hippocampal area. The effects of GTS at 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg were better than the effects of GTS at 5 and 10 mg/kg. 2) GTS treatment (20 mg/kg) after a TBI increased the expression of NGF, GDNF and NCAM, inhibited the expression of Nogo-A, Nogo-B, TN-C, and increased the number of BrdU/nestin positive NSCs in the hippocampal formation. CONCLUSIONS GTS treatment in rats after a TBI alleviated the secondary brain injury and ameliorated the neurological functions with an effective dose limit of 5-80 mg/kg. GTS regulated the expression of nerve growth-related factors and improved the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells, which might facilitate neural regeneration and tissue repair, and might contribute to the recovery of neurological functions, including learning and memory. These effects of GTS might provide a foundation for the use of ginseng as a medicinal herb to enhance intelligence, reduce the aging process and prolong life in the traditional medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ying Hu
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xian-Jin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People׳s Hospital of Nantong, 99 Central Qingnian Road, Chongchuan District, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ren Qiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People׳s Hospital of Nantong, 99 Central Qingnian Road, Chongchuan District, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Zheng-Lin Jiang
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Li-Hua Xu
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Guo-Hua Wang
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sun D. The potential of endogenous neurogenesis for brain repair and regeneration following traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:688-92. [PMID: 25206873 PMCID: PMC4146269 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.131567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability of persons under 45 years old in the United States, affecting over 1.5 million individuals each year. It had been thought that recovery from such injuries is severely limited due to the inability of the adult brain to replace damaged neurons. However, recent studies indicate that the mature mammalian central nervous system (CNS) has the potential to replenish damaged neurons by proliferation and neuronal differentiation of adult neural stem/progenitor cells residing in the neurogenic regions in the brain. Furthermore, increasing evidence indicates that these endogenous stem/progenitor cells may play regenerative and reparative roles in response to CNS injuries or diseases. In support of this notion, heightened levels of cell proliferation and neurogenesis have been observed in response to brain trauma or insults suggesting that the brain has the inherent potential to restore populations of damaged or destroyed neurons. This review will discuss the potential functions of adult neurogenesis and recent development of strategies aiming at harnessing this neurogenic capacity in order to repopulate and repair the injured brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen J, Shi R. Current advances in neurotrauma research: diagnosis, neuroprotection, and neurorepair. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1093-5. [PMID: 25206764 PMCID: PMC4146094 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.135306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Anatomy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA ; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|