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Rahmanzadeh-Ishkeh S, Shirzad H, Tofighi Z, Fattahi M, Ghosta Y. Exogenous melatonin prolongs raspberry postharvest life quality by increasing some antioxidant and enzyme activity and phytochemical contents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11508. [PMID: 38769439 PMCID: PMC11106078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing trend towards enhancing the post-harvest shelf life and maintaining the nutritional quality of horticultural products using eco-friendly methods. Raspberries are valued for their diverse array of phenolic compounds, which are key contributors to their health-promoting properties. However, raspberries are prone to a relatively short post-harvest lifespan. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of exogenous melatonin (MEL; 0, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mM) on decay control and shelf-life extension. The results demonstrated that MEL treatment significantly reduced the fruit decay rate (P ≤ 0.01). Based on the findings, MEL treatment significantly increased titratable acidity (TA), total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total anthocyanin content (TAC). Furthermore, the MEL-treated samples showed increased levels of rutin and quercetin content, as well as antioxidant activity as measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reduction activity potential (FRAP). Additionally, the samples exhibited higher levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and catalase (CAT) enzymes compared to the control samples. Moreover, the levels of pH, total soluble solids (TSS), and IC50 were decreased in the MEL-treated samples (P ≤ 0.01). The highest amount of TA (0.619 g/100 ml juice), rutin (16.722 µg/ml juice) and quercetin (1.467 µg/ml juice), and PAL activity (225.696 nm/g FW/min) was observed at 0.001 mM treatment, while, the highest amount of TAC (227.235 mg Cy-g/100 ml juice) at a concentration of 0.01 mM and CAT (0.696 u/g FW) and TAL activities (9.553 nm/100 g FW) at a concentration of 0.1 mM were obtained. Considering the lack of significant differences in the effects of melatonin concentrations and the low dose of 0.001 mM, this concentration is recommended for further research. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) divided the treatments into three groups based on their characteristics. Based on the Pearson correlation between TPC, TFC, TAC, and TAA, a positive correlation was observed with antioxidant (DPPH and FRAP) and enzyme (PAL and CAT) activities. The results of this study have identified melatonin as an eco-friendly compound that enhances the shelf life of raspberry fruits by improving phenolic compounds, as well as antioxidant and enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Habib Shirzad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Zahra Tofighi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fattahi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Youbert Ghosta
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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2
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Mikšovsky P, Kornpointner C, Parandeh Z, Goessinger M, Bica-Schröder K, Halbwirth H. Enzyme-Assisted Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Flavonoids from Apple Pomace (Malus×domestica). CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301094. [PMID: 38084785 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Herein an enzyme-assisted supercritical fluid extraction (EA-SFE) was developed using the enzyme mix snailase to obtain flavonols and dihydrochalcones, subgroups of flavonoids, from globally abundant waste product apple pomace. Snailase, a commercially available mix of 20-30 enzymes, was successfully used to remove the sugar moieties from quercetin glycosides, kaempferol glycosides, phloridzin and 3-hydroxyphloridzin. The resulting flavonoid aglycones quercetin, kaempferol, phloretin and 3-hydroxyphloretin were extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and minimum amounts of polar cosolvents. A sequential process of enzymatic hydrolysis and supercritical fluid extraction was developed, and the influence of the amount of snailase, pre-treatment of apple pomace, the time for enzymatic hydrolysis, the amount and type of cosolvent and the time for extraction, was studied. This revealed that even small amounts of snailase (0.25 %) provide a successful cleavage of sugar moieties up to 96 % after 2 h of enzymatic hydrolysis followed by supercritical fluid extraction with small amounts of methanol as cosolvent, leading up to 90 % of the total extraction yields after 1 h extraction time. Ultimately, a simultaneous process of EA-SFE successfully demonstrates the potential of snailase in scalable scCO2 extraction processes for dry and wet apple pomace with satisfactory enzyme activity, even under pressurized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mikšovsky
- TU Wien, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry (E163), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kornpointner
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (E166), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zahra Parandeh
- TU Wien, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry (E163), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Goessinger
- Department of Fruit Processing, Federal College and Institute for Viticulture and Pomology, Wiener Strasse 74, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Bica-Schröder
- TU Wien, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry (E163), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi Halbwirth
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering (E166), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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Dussling S, Steingass CB, Dreifke T, Will F, Schweiggert R. Analytical characterization of flavan-3-ol-rich apple juices produced with the innovative spiral filter press technology. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114055. [PMID: 38395572 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The retention of flavan-3-ols and other phenolic compounds during apple juice production at pilot plant scale (200 kg, cv. Boskoop) was investigated. An oxygen-excluding spiral filter press and a conventional decanter were used with and without pectinase mash treatment. Phenolic compounds were comprehensively identified and quantitated by RP-UHPLC and HILIC, both coupled to DAD-FLD and DAD-ESI(-)-QTOF-HR-MS/MS. These techniques combined with using a NIST cocoa flavan-3-ol standard allowed for the first time an individual quantification of flavan-3-ol fractions (DP 1-7) in apple juices. Spiral filter-pressed juices were exposed to less oxidation and exhibited four times higher total phenolic compound levels than decanter-made juices (1016 vs. 262 mg/L). Apple juices derived from pectinase-treated mashes had lower total phenolic compound levels than their non-treated counterparts. However, those made by spiral filter press still retained significantly higher concentrations (780 vs. 104 mg/L). Flavan-3-ols were especially well retained by spiral filter press processing, reaching unprecedentedly high concentrations of up to 713 mg/L. A 280 mL serving of non-treated spiral filter-pressed juice would therefore suffice to provide the daily intake of 200 mg flavan-3-ols, equaling the dose of cocoa flavan-3-ols associated with an authorized European health claim for healthy blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dussling
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Christof B Steingass
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany.
| | - Tim Dreifke
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Frank Will
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Schweiggert
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
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4
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El-Sayed MI, Aly E, El-Deeb AM. Improving the physicochemical and antioxidative properties of fermented goat milk using carob molasses and some probiotic strains. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:657-666. [PMID: 38274191 PMCID: PMC10805690 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermented goat milk samples, processed by adding 0, 2, and 4% carob molasses, and Bifidobacterium bifidum DSMZ or Lactobacillus helveticus CH5, were evaluated for their physicochemical, antioxidative, and sensory properties along with probiotic viability during storage. pH and viscosity gradually decreased over the storage period whereas their values increased with the increased amount of carob molasses. Bifidobacterium bifidum DSMZ or Lactobacillus helveticus CH5 kept higher viable numbers. Lactobacillus helveticus CH5 strain recorded higher viability. Increasing the added amount of carob molasses increased the total phenolic content, which in turn is reflected in the increase in antioxidant activity. Adding carob molasses participated in the partial masking of the goaty flavor and had no significant effect on the product's acceptability, which was strongly influenced by the progress of cold storage. Therefore, fermented goat milk described by its enhanced physicochemical and antioxidative properties could be obtained by adding carob molasses and probiotics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01382-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ibrahim El-Sayed
- Dairy Technology Research Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Esmat Aly
- Dairy Technology Research Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Amany Mohammed El-Deeb
- Dairy Technology Research Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12613 Egypt
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do Nascimento SN, Mazzei JL, Tostes JBDF, Nakamura MJ, Valente LMM, de Lima RC, Nunes PCG, de Azeredo EL, Berrueta LA, Gallo B, Siani AC. Miconia albicans (Melastomataceae) to treat Chikungunya viral infection: An effectual symptom-driven ethnomedicinal repurposing of an anti-inflammatory species? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116875. [PMID: 37451491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Miconia albicans (MA) is consumed all over the Brazilian territory as a remedy to treat rheumatoid arthritis and has been increasingly used to alleviate the deleterious symptoms caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of MA leaf and stem hydroethanolic extracts (LE and SE, respectively), their fractions enriched in triterpene acids or polyphenols as well isolated constituents, on CHIKV hosted in Vero cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polyphenol profiles of LE and SE were dereplicated by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS, aided by standards. Polyphenol-rich (LEx and SEx) and triterpenic acid-rich (LOH and SOH) fractions were obtained in Amberlite XAD-4 and alkalinized 95% ethanol (EtOH) extraction, respectively. TPC and TFC were assessed by colorimetric methods. Three representative flavonoids and two triterpenic acids were quantified by HPLC. CHIKV load suppression was evaluated in Vero cells by real-time qRT‒PCR at noncytotoxic concentrations. RESULTS Fifteen flavonoids were characterized in LE and SE. LEx presented isoquercitrin, quercitrin, rutin (0.49-1.51%) and quercetin. The TPC was 48 and 62 mg QE/g extract, and the TFC was 11.93 and 0.76 mg QE/g extract for LEx and SEx, respectively. LOH presented ursolic (15.3%) and oleanolic (8.0%) acids. A reduction (91-97%) in the CHIKV load was produced by the triterpene fraction, quercitrin and quercetin; the latter maintained the activity down to one twentieth of the tolerated concentration. CONCLUSION M. albicans contains flavonoids and triterpenic acids that are effective against CHIKV, which might justify its use to alleviate sequelae of CHIKV infection. However, further investigations on the species and its active constituents are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Neves do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Technology for Biodiversity in Health, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - José Luiz Mazzei
- Laboratory of Technology for Biodiversity in Health, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - João Batista de Freitas Tostes
- Laboratory of Technology for Biodiversity in Health, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Jun Nakamura
- Laboratory of Technology for Biodiversity in Health, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ligia Maria Marino Valente
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, C. T., Bl. A, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Curtinhas de Lima
- Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Conrado Guerra Nunes
- Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo
- Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Luis Angel Berrueta
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Blanca Gallo
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Antonio Carlos Siani
- Laboratory of Technology for Biodiversity in Health, Institute of Drug Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Mansour FR, Abdallah IA, Bedair A, Hamed M. Analytical Methods for the Determination of Quercetin and Quercetin Glycosides in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Samples. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37898879 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2269421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are plant-derived compounds that have several health benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic effects. Quercetin is a flavonoid that is widely present in various fruits, vegetables, and drinks. Accurate determination of quercetin in different samples is of great importance for its potential health benefits. This review, is an overview of sample preparation and determination methods for quercetin in diverse matrices. Previous research on sample preparation and determination methods for quercetin are summarized, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each method and providing insights into recent developments in quercetin sample treatment. Various analytical techniques are discussed including spectroscopic, chromatographic, electrophoretic, and electrochemical methods for the determination of quercetin and its derivatives in different samples. UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-visible) spectrophotometry is simple and inexpensive but lacks selectivity. Chromatographic techniques (HPLC, GC) offer selectivity and sensitivity, while electrophoretic and electrochemical methods provide high resolution and low detection limits, respectively. The aim of this review is to comprehensively explore the determination methods for quercetin and quercetin glycosides in diverse matrices, with emphasis on pharmaceutical and biological samples. The review also provides a theoretical basis for method development and application for the analysis of quercetin and quercetin glycosides in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotouh R Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Inas A Abdallah
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Monufia, Egypt
| | - Alaa Bedair
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Monufia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hamed
- School of Information Technology and Computer Science (ITCS), Nile University, Giza, Egypt
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Mancini M, Mazzoni L, Leoni E, Tonanni V, Gagliardi F, Qaderi R, Capocasa F, Toscano G, Mezzetti B. Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy for the Rapid Assessment of Nutritional Quality of Different Strawberry Cultivars. Foods 2023; 12:3253. [PMID: 37685185 PMCID: PMC10486686 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Strawberry is the most cultivated berry fruit globally and it is really appreciated by consumers because of its characteristics, mainly bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. During the breeding process, it is important to assess the quality characteristics of the fruits for a better selection of the material, but the conventional approaches involve long and destructive lab techniques. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) could be considered a valid alternative for speeding up the breeding process and is not destructive. In this study, a total of 216 strawberry fruits belonging to four different cultivars have been collected and analyzed with conventional lab analysis and NIR spectroscopy. In detail, soluble solid content, acidity, vitamin C, anthocyanin, and phenolic acid have been determined. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models have been developed to classify strawberry fruits belonging to the four genotypes according to their quality and nutritional properties. NIR spectroscopy could be considered a valid non-destructive phenotyping method for monitoring the nutritional parameters of the fruit and ensuring the fruit quality, speeding up the breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.M.); (L.M.); (E.L.); (V.T.); (F.G.); (R.Q.); (F.C.); (G.T.)
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Sayed DF, Mohamed MA, Nada AS, Temraz A, Ahmed AH. Hepatoprotective role of myricitrin isolated from Mimusops elengi Linn. leaves extract on γ-radiation-induced liver damage in rats: Phyto-biochemical investigations. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:642-657. [PMID: 37342005 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of Mimusops elengi Linn. (M. elengi L.) leaves and isolated pure myricitrin (3-, 4-, 5-, 5, 7-five hydroxyflavone-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside) (Myr) were evaluated in male rats exposed to γ-irradiation. The extraction of M. elengi L. leaves was performed using ethyl acetate (EtOAC). Seven groups of rats were used: control group, irradiated (IRR) group (6 Gy of γ-rays in a single dose), vehicle group (oral administration of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose for 10 days), EtOAC extract group (100 mg/kg body weight of extract, orally for 10 days), EtOAC + IRR group (administration of extract and exposure to γ-rays on Day 7), Myr group (50 mg/kg body weight Myr, orally for 10 days), and Myr + IRR group (administration of Myr and exposure to γ-rays on Day 7). High-performance liquid chromatography and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance were used to isolate and characterize the compounds from M. elengi L. leaves. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for biochemical analyses. Identified compounds were Myr, myricetin 3-O-galactoside, myricetin 3-O-rahmnopyranoside (1 → 6) glucopyranoside, quercetin, quercitol, gallic acid, α-,β-amyrin, ursolic acid, and lupeol. Serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activities were significantly increased, while serum protein and albumin levels were significantly decreased after irradiation. Hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, prostaglandin 2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-12 were increased following irradiation. Improvements were observed in most serological parameters after treatment with extract or pure Myr, with histological analyses confirming decreased liver injury in treated rats. Our study demonstrates that pure Myr has a greater hepatoprotective effect than M. elengi leaf extracts against irradiation-induced hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina F Sayed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Mohamed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Nada
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Temraz
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal H Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Salam SGA, Rashed MM, Ibrahim NA, Rahim EAA, Aly TAA, Al-Farga A. Phytochemical screening and in-vitro biological properties of unprocessed and household processed fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) seeds and leaves. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7032. [PMID: 37120447 PMCID: PMC10148852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of household processes on fenugreek leaves and seeds has been analyzed for total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid content (TF), and in-vitro biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Processes included air-drying for leaves and germinating, soaking, and boiling for seeds. Air-dried fenugreek leaves (ADFL) had high TP (15.27 mg GAE g-1 D.W.) and TF (7.71 mg QE g-1 D.W.) (milligram quercetin equivalents per gram dry weight). The TP contents of unprocessed, germinated, soaked, and boiled seeds were 6.54, 5.60, 4.59, and 3.84 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry weight (mg GAE g-1 D.W.), respectively. The TF contents in unprocessed fenugreek seeds, germinated fenugreek seeds, soaked fenugreek seeds, and boiled fenugreek seeds (BFS) were 4.23, 2.11, 2.10, and 2.33 mg QE g-1 D.W., respectively. Sixteen phenolic and nineteen flavonoid compounds has been identified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH·), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+·), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP·) assays indicated that ADFL had the highest activity. Antimicrobial activity has been evaluated against each of the eight pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. ADFL showed the strongest activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations values ranging from 0.03 to 1.06 and 0.04 to 1.18 mg ml·1 against bacterial and fungal strains, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in-vitro against RAW 264.7 macrophage cells using the nitric oxide (NO) assay. Results revealed that ADFL had the highest cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity according to the NO assay. Household processes significantly reduced the in-vitro biological properties of processed seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa G Abdel Salam
- Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Rashed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Nabih A Ibrahim
- Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Emam A Abdel Rahim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Tahany A A Aly
- Regional Centre for Food and Feed, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ammar Al-Farga
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 34, Jeddah, 21959, Saudi Arabia
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Demircan H, Oral RA. Parameters affecting calcium-alginate bead characteristics: Viscosity of hydrocolloids and water solubility of core material. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:124011. [PMID: 36921828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, calcium-alginate beads were produced and characterized by ionic gelation technique using three different copolymers (gum arabic (GA), κ-carrageenan (CG), guar gum (GG)), and seven different phenolic compounds (tannic acid, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, naringin, and hesperidin). The effect of the viscosity of copolymer and water solubility of the phenolic compound on the size, shape, swelling, encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), and production yield (PY) of the beads were investigated. In addition, the impact of the core material concentration in the calcium chloride solution on the EE was determined. The bead sizes increased by 6.8, 11.4, and 35.3 %, respectively, with the use of GA, CG, and GG. The EE of the beads ranged from 28.36 to 89.30 % and increased with increasing copolymer viscosity and decreasing water solubility of the phenolic compound. When the core material concentration difference between the alginate and calcium chloride solutions was reduced to zero, the EE of the gallic acid bead increased from 32.95 % to 89.05 %. The results of this study show that copolymer viscosity, the water solubility of core material, and the core material concentration difference between alginate and calcium solutions should be considered in ionic gelation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Demircan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Bursa Technical University, 16310 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Rasim Alper Oral
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Bursa Technical University, 16310 Bursa, Turkey.
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Khan S, Agarwal S, Singh K, Chuturgoon A, Pareek A. Molecular Fingerprinting and Phytochemical Investigation of Syzygium cumini L. from Different Agro-Ecological Zones of India. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:931. [PMID: 36840279 PMCID: PMC9961202 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Syzygium cumini L. (ver Jamun; BlackBerry) is a native, evergreen multipurpose tree species of India. Besides being a fruit tree and for agroforestry in different regions, it is medicinally important too. This study aimed to determine genetic diversity using molecular and phytochemical markers in sixteen genotypes of Indian S. cumini from different agro-ecological zones. The present study used a combination of ISSR markers and the HPLC technique to explore these genotypes. The results showed a wide genetic diversity range based on the similarity coefficient values observed in S. cumini sixteen accessions from different sites. Four primary phenolic acids were discovered in all the accessions; caffeic acid (CA) was found in high concentrations. The intraspecific association between molecular and phytochemical characteristics was the primary goal of this investigation. By employing gene-specific markers for the route of secondary metabolites (polyphenols) production, it further investigated the progressive research of diversity analysis of polyphenol content in S. cumini accessions, which may also expand its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphiya Khan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Swati Agarwal
- Drumlins Water Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Jaipur Rajasthan 302005, India
| | - Krati Singh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Anil Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
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12
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New Insight on Phenolic Composition and Evaluation of the Vitamin C and Nutritional Value of Smoothies Sold on the Spanish Market. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238229. [PMID: 36500319 PMCID: PMC9739094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are a source of a wide range of nutrients, including bioactive compounds. These compounds have great biological activity and have been linked to the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. Currently, the food industry is developing new products to introduce these compounds, whereby smoothies are becoming more popular among consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality and the polyphenol and vitamin C content of smoothies available on the Spanish market. An evaluation of the nutritional information and ingredients was carried out. The phenolic compounds were determined by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS; the vitamin C content was quantified using HPLC-UV/VIS; and the antioxidant activity was analyzed by DPPH and FRAP. Among all of the ingredients of the smoothies, coconut and banana have shown a negative impact on the polyphenol content of the smoothies. In contrast, ingredients such as orange, mango, and passion fruit had a positive correlation with the vitamin C content. Moreover, apple and red fruits showed the highest positive correlations with most of the phenolic acids, flavonoids, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities. In addition, a clustering analysis was performed, and four groups were clearly defined according to the bioactive composition determined here. This research is a precious step for the formulation of new smoothies and to increase their polyphenol quality.
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13
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Dushkova M, Mihalev K, Dinchev A, Vasilev K, Georgiev D, Terziyska M. Concentration of Polyphenolic Antioxidants in Apple Juice and Extract Using Ultrafiltration. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1032. [PMID: 36363587 PMCID: PMC9693250 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study the potential of ultrafiltration with three polyacrylonitrile membranes (1, 10, and 25 kDa) to concentrate polyphenolic antioxidants in apple juice and extract. The permeate flux, total polyphenols, polyphenolic profile, phenolic acid content, and total antioxidant capacity were determined using the FRAP and DPPH tests, the content of water-soluble proteins during ultrafiltration was established, and the concentration factors and rejections were determined. The permeate flux decreased by increasing the volume reduction ratio and decreasing the molecular weight cut-off of the membranes. The concentration factor and rejection of polyphenolics increased with the increase in the volume reduction ratio (VRR) for all membranes and both liquids. The concentration and rejection effectiveness of the 1 kDa membrane was higher than those observed for 10 and 25 kDa during the ultrafiltration of the apple extract, while these values were comparable for 1 and 10 kDa during the ultrafiltration of the apple juice. The concentration factors and rejections of total polyphenols were higher in the extract than in the juice. Chlorogenic acid was the main compound in the polyphenol profile of apple juice. The total content of phenolic acids, determined by using HPLC, increased by 15-20% as a result of the membrane concentration, but the separation process did not significantly change the ratio between the individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Dushkova
- Department of Food Preservation and Refrigeration Technology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Kiril Mihalev
- Department of Food Preservation and Refrigeration Technology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Angel Dinchev
- Department of Food Preservation and Refrigeration Technology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Kiril Vasilev
- Department of Food Preservation and Refrigeration Technology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Diyan Georgiev
- Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, 281 Vasil Levski Str., 5600 Troyan, Bulgaria
| | - Margarita Terziyska
- Department of Food Preservation and Refrigeration Technology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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14
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Llavata B, Picinelli A, Simal S, Cárcel J. Cider apple pomace as a source of nutrients: Evaluation of the polyphenolic profile, antioxidant and fiber properties after drying process at different temperatures. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100403. [PMID: 36211758 PMCID: PMC9532687 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Influence of cider apple pomace drying temperature was studied. Temperature affected drying kinetics and antioxidant and dietary fibre properties. Antioxidant properties were best preserved when drying in the range of 80–100 °C. The best properties of alcohol insoluble residue were found when drying at 40–60 °C.
Apple pomace, the by-product of the cider industry, contains a high content of antioxidant compounds and dietary fiber. Drying would allow its preservation for a later use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the drying temperature on the drying kinetics, antioxidant properties and the fiber characteristics. For this, drying experiments were performed at different temperatures (40–120 °C). The increase in temperature enhanced the drying rate, as was shown by the effective diffusivity and mass transfer coefficient identified by modelling. The influence of temperature was quantified through the activation energy (38.21 kJ/mol). Regarding the retention of antioxidant properties, the best results were found at 80–100 °C while 40–60 °C was the best temperature range for the fiber characteristics. Therefore, 80 °C could be an adequate temperature for drying of cider apple pomace, as it represents a good balance between kinetics, and antioxidant and fiber properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Llavata
- Analysis and Simulation of Agro-food Processes Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - A. Picinelli
- Area of Food Technology, SERIDA, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - S. Simal
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J.A. Cárcel
- Analysis and Simulation of Agro-food Processes Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Corresponding author.
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15
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El-salam SG.A, Rashed MM, Ibrahim NA, Rahim EA, Aly TAA, Al-farga A. Phytochemical screening and in-vitro biological properties of unprocessed and household processed fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum Linn.) seeds and leaves.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1952713/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The impact of household processes on fenugreek leaves and seeds was analyzed for total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid content (TF), and in-vitro biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Processes included air-drying of leaves and germinating, soaking, and boiling of seeds. Air-dried fenugreek leaves (ADFL) had high TP (15.27 mg GAE/g D.W.) and TF (7.71 mg QE/g D.W.). The TF of unprocessed, germinated, soaked, and boiled seeds had 6.54, 5.60, 4.59, and 3.84 mg GAE/g D.W., respectively. The TF in UFS, GFS, SFS, and BFS were 4.23, 2.11, 2.10, and 2.33 mg QE/g D.W., respectively. Sixteen phenolic and nineteen flavonoid compounds were identified using the HPLC. Antioxidant activity using DPPH•, ABTS+•, and FRAP• assays indicated that ADFL had high activity. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against each eight pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. ADFL showed a strong activity with MIC values ranging from 0.03 to 1.06 and 0.04 to 1.18 mg ml− 1 against bacterial and fungal strains, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in-vitro against RAW 264.7 macrophage cells using of NO assay. Results revealed that ADFL had the highest cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity according to NO assay. Household processes significantly declined the in-vitro biological properties of processed seeds.
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16
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Phenolic Profiling of Berries Waste and Determination of Their Antioxidant Potential. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5605739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries waste is a major issue in Australia’s annual food wastage, which can reach 7.3 million tonnes. This study assessed the phenolic content and antioxidant potential of four fruit berry wastes, including blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum), blackberries (Rubus spp.), raspberries (Rubus idaeus), and strawberries (Fragaria spp.), followed by their characterization and quantification. Blueberry wastes were high in phenolic content (total phenolic content: 1.97 ± 0.16 mg GAE/gF.W; total flavonoid content: 220.43 ± 13.15 μg QE/gF.W; total tannins content: 16.47 ± 0.98 μg CE/gF.W), and antioxidant potentials are 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl: 2.23 ± 0.17 mg AAE/gF.W; 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid): 1.79 ± 0.09 mg AAE/gF.W; ferric reducing antioxidant power: 68.71 ± 11.11 μg AAE/gF.W (total antioxidant capacity: 1.22 ± 0.03 mg AAE/gF.W). The LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis identified 87 compounds from blueberry (57), strawberry (40), raspberry (47), and blackberry wastes (27). Indicated by HPLC quantification, blueberry wastes had higher levels of phenolic acid (syringic acid and coumaric acid) and flavonoid (kaempferol and kaempfero l-3-glucoside). Our study reported that phenolics from berry wastes could be utilized in different food, feed, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries.
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17
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Moni Bottu H, Mero A, Husanu E, Tavernier S, Pomelli CS, Dewaele A, Bernaert N, Guazzelli L, Brennan L. The ability of deep eutectic solvent systems to extract bioactive compounds from apple pomace. Food Chem 2022; 386:132717. [PMID: 35344721 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the bioactivity of extracts from apple pomace obtained by non-conventional green extraction methods (DES systems). Bioactivity was antioxidant capacity and ability to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. The antioxidant capacity of extracts was examined using the DPPH and the FRAP assay. Impact of the extracts on cell viability and insulin secretion were examined using the BRIN-BD11 cell line. ChCl:EG(1:4) extracts resulted in high antioxidant capacity in the DPPH assay (80.1% inhibition versus 11.3%). Extracts obtained from the classical systems demonstrated an ability to promote insulin secretion significantly higher than the positive control, p < 0.05. ChCl:EG(1:4) extracts stimulated insulin secretion to a lesser extent. Overall, the data provides evidence for the potential of DES systems to extract bioactive compounds from apple pomace that have relevance for metabolic health. Further optimisation of the extraction procedures should be tailored to the desired bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleena Moni Bottu
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Elena Husanu
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Nathalie Bernaert
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Sciences Unit (T&V), Product Quality and Innovation (PI), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | | | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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18
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Butkeviciute A, Ramanauskiene K, Janulis V. Formulation of Gels and Emulgels with Malus domestica Borkh: Apple Extracts and Their Biopharmaceutical Evaluation In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020373. [PMID: 35204255 PMCID: PMC8868542 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds that estimate apple extracts with multifaceted biological effects are potentially valuable for protection against skin disorders. The purpose of our research was to formulate gels and emulgels containing a complex of phenolic compounds of apple extracts and to perform a biopharmaceutical evaluation of semi-solid pharmaceutical forms, determining their antioxidant activity in vitro. HPLC analyses of phenolic compounds were performed. The total amount of phenolic compounds found in the sample of apples from the ‘Paprastasis antaninis’ cultivar was 1455.5 ± 72.8 µg/g. The release of phenolics from gels and emulgels was assessed by Franz-type diffusion cells. The in vitro release test revealed that phenolic compounds were released from the gel (G1–G6) formulations (70.6–73.8%) compared to the amounts (77.2–83.9%) released from the emulgel (E1–E6) formulations. The largest amount (83.9%) of phenolic compounds was released from the E5 formulation, while the smallest amounts (70.6%) were released from the formulations G3 and G5. The antioxidant activity evaluated by the DPPH and FRAP methods observed in all gel (G1–G6) and emulgel (E1–E6) formulations after 6 h were the strongest, compared to the activities observed in the formulations after 2 or 4 h. Gels and emulgels, which are rich in apple extracts, have strong antioxidant properties and may be promising choices for the development of new, innovative pharmaceutical forms or cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurita Butkeviciute
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +37-037-621-56190
| | - Kristina Ramanauskiene
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Valdimaras Janulis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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19
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Amobonye A, Bhagwat P, Ruzengwe F, Singh S, Pillai S. Pear Juice Clarification Using Polygalacturonase from Beauveria bassiana: Effects on Rheological, Antioxidant and Quality Properties. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/145704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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20
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Parvandi M, Rezadoost H, Farzaneh M. Introducing Alternaria tenuissima SBUp1, as an endophytic fungus of Ferula assa-foetida from Iran, which is a rich source of rosmarinic acid. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:569-578. [PMID: 34297439 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are the endogenous micro-organisms to interacting with the plant cells, which do not exhibit any symptoms on the host plant and may produce some of the main secondary metabolites of the host plant cells. Ferula assa-foetida is a perennial and endemic medicinal plant of Iran, which is a rich source of sesquiterpene, coumarins, polysulfides and phenolic acids. In this study, 28 endophytic fungi isolates including Fusarium (60·7%), Aspergillus (7·1%), Alternaria (17·9%) and Plectosphaerella (7·1%) were isolated from F. assa-foetida root (57·1%), stem (32·1%) and leaf (10·8%) collected from Parvand protected area. Subsequently, their ability to produce phenolic acids was evaluated. The high amounts of total phenol (326·09 mg g-1 of dry weight, DW), total flavonoid (901·11 mg g-1 DW) and antioxidant activity (247·96 mg l-1 ) were found in the supernatant fluid of SBUp1 isolate. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of 14 phenolic acids showed that rosmarinic acid (RA) is the main phenolic acid in the supernatant fluid of SBUp1 by 64·11 mg g-1 DW confirmed by the liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric analysis. According to morphological identification followed by phylogenetic study based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) analysis, the SBUp1 isolate was identified as Alternaria tenuissima. Eventually, to our knowledge, it is the first document confirming A. tenuissima as an endophytic fungus of F. assa-foetida, which is a rich source of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Parvandi
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Rezadoost
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Farzaneh
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Takahashi Y, Narumi K, Nadai T, Ueda H, Yamamura T, Furugen A, Kobayashi M. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2B1-mediated pharmacokinetic interactions by apple polyphenols. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1318-1325. [PMID: 34396892 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1969480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 2B1 plays a critical role in the intestinal absorption of substrate drugs. Apple juice reportedly interacts with OATP2B1 substrate drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two apple polyphenols, phloretin and phloridzin, on OATP2B1-mediated substrate transport in vitro and to evaluate the effect of phloretin on rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics in rats.In vitro studies revealed that both polyphenols inhibited OATP2B1-mediated uptake of estrone-3-sulfate. Despite preincubation with phloretin and subsequent washing, the inhibitory effect was retained. Phloretin markedly decreased OATP2B1-mediated rosuvastatin uptake, with an IC50 value of 3.6 μM.On coadministering rosuvastatin and phloretin in rats, the plasma concentration of rosuvastatin 10 min after oral administration was significantly lower than that in the vehicle group. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve of rosuvastatin was not significant, showing a tendency to decrease in the phloretin group when compared with the vehicle group. The in-situ rat intestinal loop study revealed the inhibitory effect of phloretin on rosuvastatin absorption.Phloretin has potent and long-lasting inhibitory effects on OATP2B1 in vitro. Phloretin may inhibit OATP2B1-mediated intestinal absorption of rosuvastatin; however, it failed to significantly impact the systemic exposure of rosuvastatin in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Takahashi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Narumi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Nadai
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hinata Ueda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamamura
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayako Furugen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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22
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Shirzad H, Alirezalu A, Alirezalu K, Yaghoubi M, Ghorbani B, Pateiro M, Lorenzo JM. Effect of Aloysia citrodora Essential Oil on Biochemicals, Antioxidant Characteristics, and Shelf Life of Strawberry Fruit during Storage. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050256. [PMID: 33919369 PMCID: PMC8143293 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Strawberry fruits are highly susceptible to cold burning, resulting in low storage periods at low temperatures. Plant extracts or essential oils (EOs) can potentially be used as preservatives in fruits throughout the refrigerated period. In the present study, the biochemicals, antioxidant characteristics, and shelf life of treated strawberries with Aloysia citrodora essential oil (ACEOs) were evaluated during keeping time. The treatments were produced as follows: T1, control; T2, 250 ppm ACEOs; T3, 500 ppm ACEOs; and T4, 750 ppm ACEOs. Total soluble solids (TSS), weight loss, titratable acidity (TA), antioxidant activity (DPPH assay), total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid and anthocyanin contents (TFC), and enzymes activity (peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase) were evaluated during the refrigerated period (5 °C with relative humidity of 85–90% for 20 days). The results revealed that weight loss and TA were reduced in all treatments during storage, being that the rates were lower in samples treated with ACEOs. TPC, TFC, TSS, antioxidant, and enzymes activity were higher in treated fruits than control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Shirzad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia P.O. Box 165-5715944931, Iran; (H.S.); (A.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Abolfazl Alirezalu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia P.O. Box 165-5715944931, Iran; (H.S.); (A.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Kazem Alirezalu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666, Iran;
| | - Milad Yaghoubi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666, Iran;
| | - Bahareh Ghorbani
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia P.O. Box 165-5715944931, Iran; (H.S.); (A.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, rúa Galicia No. 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain;
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, rúa Galicia No. 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain;
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence:
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23
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Xu L, Xu Z, Liao X. A review of fruit juice authenticity assessments: Targeted and untargeted analyses. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6081-6102. [PMID: 33683157 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fruit juices are becoming more and more popular in the whole world. However, the increasing fruit juice fraud cases are undermining the healthy development of fruit juice industry. Fruit juice authenticity represents an important food quality and safety parameter. Many techniques have been applied in fruit juices authenticity assessment. The purpose of this review is to provide a research overview of the targeted and untargeted analyses of fruit authentication, and a method selection guide for fruit juice authenticity assessment. Targeted markers, such as stable isotopes, phenolics, carbohydrates, organic acids, volatile components, DNAs, amino acids and proteins, as well as carotenoids, will be discussed. And untargeted techniques, including liquid/gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry/optical emission spectrometer, fluorescence spectra, electronic sensors and others, will be reviewed. The emerging untargeted for novel targeted marker analysis will be also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Nonthermal Processing, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Nonthermal Processing, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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Butkevičiūtė A, Liaudanskas M, Ramanauskienė K, Janulis V. Biopharmaceutical Evaluation of Capsules with Lyophilized Apple Powder. Molecules 2021; 26:1095. [PMID: 33669650 PMCID: PMC7922082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apples are an important source of biologically active compounds. Consequently, we decided to model hard gelatin capsules with lyophilized apple powder by using different excipients and to evaluate the release kinetics of phenolic compounds. The apple slices of "Ligol" cultivar were immediately frozen in a freezer (at -35°C) with air circulation and were lyophilized with a sublimator at the pressure of 0.01 mbar (condenser temperature, -85°C). Lyophilized apple powder was used as an active substance filled into hard gelatin capsules. We conducted capsule disintegration and dissolution tests to evaluate the quality of apple lyophilizate-containing capsules of different encapsulating content. Individual phenolic compounds can be arranged in the following descending order according to the amount released from the capsules of different compositions: chlorogenic acid > rutin > avicularin > hyperoside > phloridzin > quercitrin > (-)-epicatechin > isoquercitrin. Chlorogenic acid was the compound that was released in the highest amounts from capsules of different encapsulating content: its released amounts ranged from 68.4 to 640.3 μg/mL. According to the obtained data, when hypromellose content ranged from 29% to 41% of the capsule mass, the capsules disintegrated within less than 30 min, and such amounts of hypromellose did not prolong the release of phenolic compounds. Based on the results of the dissolution test, the capsules can be classified as fast-dissolving preparations, as more than 85% of the active substances were released within 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurita Butkevičiūtė
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.L.); (V.J.)
| | - Mindaugas Liaudanskas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.L.); (V.J.)
| | - Kristina Ramanauskienė
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Valdimaras Janulis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.L.); (V.J.)
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25
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Croden J, Silva JR, Huang W, Gupta N, Fu W, Matovinovic K, Black M, Li X, Chen K, Wu Y, Jhamandas J, Rayat GR. Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside improves the viability of human islet cells treated with amylin or Aβ1-42 in vitro. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258208. [PMID: 34614009 PMCID: PMC8494376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is being considered as an alternative treatment for type 1 diabetes. Despite recent progress, transplant recipients continue to experience progressive loss of insulin independence. Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside (C3G) has shown to be protective against damage that may lead to post-transplant islet loss. In this study, human islets cultured with or without C3G were treated with human amylin, Aβ1-42, H2O2, or rapamycin to mimic stresses encountered in the post-transplant environment. Samples of these islets were collected and assayed to determine C3G's effect on cell viability and function, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, amyloid formation, and the presence of inflammatory as well as autophagic markers. C3G treatment of human islets exposed to either amylin or Aβ1-42 increased cell viability (p<0.01) and inhibited amyloid formation (p<0.01). A reduction in ROS and an increase in HO-1 gene expression as well as in vitro islet function were also observed in C3G-treated islets exposed to amylin or Aβ1-42, although not significantly. Additionally, treatment with C3G resulted in a significant reduction in the protein expression of inflammatory markers IL-1β and NLRP3 (p<0.01) as well as an increase in LC3 autophagic marker (p<0.05) in human islets treated with amylin, Aβ1-42, rapamycin, or H2O2. Thus, C3G appears to have a multi-faceted protective effect on human islets in vitro, possibly through its anti-oxidant property and alteration of inflammatory as well as autophagic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Croden
- Department of Surgery, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Josue Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Surgery, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of Surgery, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nancy Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wen Fu
- Department of Medicine (Neurology) and the Neuroscience Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kaja Matovinovic
- Department of Surgery, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mazzen Black
- Department of Surgery, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jack Jhamandas
- Department of Medicine (Neurology) and the Neuroscience Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gina R. Rayat
- Department of Surgery, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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26
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Sharma T, Jana S. Investigation of Molecular Properties that Influence the Permeability and Oral Bioavailability of Major β-Boswellic Acids. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 45:243-255. [PMID: 31786725 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-019-00599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Boswellic acids (BAs) include β-boswellic acid (BA), 3-acetyl-β-boswellic acid, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid, 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid, β-boswellic alcohol, and 3-acetyl-11-hydroxy-β-BA from Boswellia species, and are the main active ingredients of Boswellia serrata extracts (BSE). BSE have been used for the treatment of different inflammatory diseases; however, their pharmaceutical development has been severely limited by their poor oral bioavailability. The aims of this study were to investigate the molecular properties of six BAs, and to determine their experimental aqueous solubility, partition coefficient (Log P), gastrointestinal stability, adsorption-desorption kinetics, and permeability studies. METHODS The physicochemical properties of six BAs were obtained from SMILES representations using ChemDraw, and MarvinSketch. The molecular properties were also determined experimentally. The permeability studies were performed using parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), and Caco-2 cells. RESULTS The experimental Log P values of BAs correlated well (R2 = 0.94) with the calculated Log P values. Metabolic stability data confirmed that BAs were found to be unstable in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and intestinal S9 fractions. The apparent permeability (Papp) range of BAs in both PAMPA and Caco-2 for the apical (AP) to basolateral (BL) was in the range of 0.52 ± 0.05 × 10-6 to 2.84 ± 0.14 × 10-6cm/s. The efflux ratio of Papp (BL → AP) to Papp (AP → BL) for all BAs was < 2 in Caco-2 cells, suggesting greater permeability in the absorptive direction. Caco-2 cell adsorption studies confirmed the accumulation of BAs (35-55%) inside the enterocytes. These compounds exhibited a strong correlation between PAMPA and Caco-2 cell monolayer permeation data. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study have shown an empirical relationship between the molecular properties and intestinal absorption of BAs for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhagwant University, Sikar Road, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Snehasis Jana
- Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Thane-West, Maharashtra, India.
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27
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Deyrieux C, Durand E, Guillou S, Barouh N, Baréa B, Michel Salaun F, Villeneuve P. Selection of Natural Extracts for their Antioxidant Capacity by Using a Combination of
In Vitro
Assays. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Deyrieux
- CIRAD UMR IATE Montpellier F‐34398 France
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro Montpellier F‐34398 France
- Diana Pet Food ZA du Gohélis Elven 56250 France
| | - Erwann Durand
- CIRAD UMR IATE Montpellier F‐34398 France
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro Montpellier F‐34398 France
| | | | - Nathalie Barouh
- CIRAD UMR IATE Montpellier F‐34398 France
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro Montpellier F‐34398 France
| | - Bruno Baréa
- CIRAD UMR IATE Montpellier F‐34398 France
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro Montpellier F‐34398 France
| | | | - Pierre Villeneuve
- CIRAD UMR IATE Montpellier F‐34398 France
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro Montpellier F‐34398 France
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28
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Ozcan T, Ozdemir T, Avci HR. Survival of
Lactobacillus casei
and functional characteristics of reduced sugar red beetroot yoghurt with natural sugar substitutes. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tulay Ozcan
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Bursa Uludag University Gorukle Campus BursaTurkey
| | | | - Halil Riza Avci
- Bursa Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control Osmangazi Bursa Turkey
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29
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Analysis of Phenolic Components and Related Biological Activities of 35 Apple ( Malus pumila Mill.) Cultivars. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184153. [PMID: 32927909 PMCID: PMC7571092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple (Malus pumila Mill.) is a popular fruit with high economic values and various biological activities that are beneficial to human health. In this study, 35 apple cultivars were collected and were evaluated for their basic quality indexes, phenolic compositions, antioxidant activity, anti-tumour, and anti-diabetic activities. The compositions of phenolics were detected by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) assays. The antioxidant activities of peel and pulp extracts from 35 apple cultivars were evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Results showed that the contents of phenolic acids and proanthocyanidins showed significant correlations with the antioxidant activities. Phenolic-rich extracts significantly inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation, with the inhibition activity varied significantly between cultivars. ‘Gold Delicious’ pulp extract, ‘Xiboliyabaidian’ peel and pulp extracts showed protective effects on H2O2-induced injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). ‘Red Fuji’ peel extract, ‘Xiboliyabaidian’ peel and pulp extracts, as well as ‘Gold Delicious’ peel extract, significantly increased glucose consumption of HepG2 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. This research may provide theoretical guidance for further nutritional investigation of the apple resources.
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30
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Identification of Apple Varieties Using a Multichannel Hyperspectral Imaging System. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20185120. [PMID: 32911790 PMCID: PMC7571201 DOI: 10.3390/s20185120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the nondestructive detection of apple varieties using a multichannel hyperspectral imaging system consisting of an illumination fiber and 30 detection fibers arranged at source–detector distances of 1.5–36 mm over the spectral range of 550–1650 nm. Spatially resolved (SR) spectra were obtained for 1500 apples, 500 each of three varieties from the same orchard to avoid environmental and geographical influences. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) models were developed for single SR spectra and spectral combinations to compare their performance of variety detection. To evaluate the effect of spectral range on variety detection, three types of spectra (i.e., visible region: 550–780 nm, near-infrared region: 780–1650 nm, full region: 550–1650 nm) were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the single SR spectra presented a different accuracy for apple variety classification, and the optimal SR spectra varied with spectral types. Spectral combinations had better accuracies for variety detection with best overall classifications of 99.4% for both spectral ranges in the NIR and full regions; however, the spectral combination could not improve the results over the optimal single SR spectra in the visible region. Moreover, the recognition of golden delicious (GD) was better than those of the other two varieties, with the best classification accuracy of 100% for three types of spectra. Overall, the multichannel hyperspectral imaging system provides more spatial-spectral information for the apples, and the results demonstrate that the technique gave excellent classifications, which suggests that the multichannel hyperspectral imaging system has potential for apple variety detection.
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31
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Suleria HAR, Barrow CJ, Dunshea FR. Screening and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Their Antioxidant Capacity in Different Fruit Peels. Foods 2020; 9:E1206. [PMID: 32882848 PMCID: PMC7556026 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit peels have a diverse range of phytochemicals including carotenoids, vitamins, dietary fibres, and phenolic compounds, some with remarkable antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, the comprehensive screening and characterization of the complex array of phenolic compounds in different fruit peels is limited. This study aimed to determine the polyphenol content and their antioxidant potential in twenty different fruit peel samples in an ethanolic extraction, including their comprehensive characterization and quantification using the LC-MS/MS and HPLC. The obtained results showed that the mango peel exhibited the highest phenolic content for TPC (27.51 ± 0.63 mg GAE/g) and TFC (1.75 ± 0.08 mg QE/g), while the TTC (9.01 ± 0.20 mg CE/g) was slightly higher in the avocado peel than mango peel (8.99 ± 0.13 mg CE/g). In terms of antioxidant potential, the grapefruit peel had the highest radical scavenging capacities for the DPPH (9.17 ± 0.19 mg AAE/g), ABTS (10.79 ± 0.56 mg AAE/g), ferric reducing capacity in FRAB (9.22 ± 0.25 mg AA/g), and total antioxidant capacity, TAC (8.77 ± 0.34 mg AAE/g) compared to other fruit peel samples. The application of LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS tentatively identified and characterized a total of 176 phenolics, including phenolic acids (49), flavonoids (86), lignans (11), stilbene (5) and other polyphenols (25) in all twenty peel samples. From HPLC-PDA quantification, the mango peel sample showed significantly higher phenolic content, particularly for phenolic acids (gallic acid, 14.5 ± 0.4 mg/g) and flavonoids (quercetin, 11.9 ± 0.4 mg/g), as compared to other fruit peel samples. These results highlight the importance of fruit peels as a potential source of polyphenols. This study provides supportive information for the utilization of different phenolic rich fruit peels as ingredients in food, feed, and nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia;
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia;
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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32
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Dias C, Fonseca AMA, Amaro AL, Vilas-Boas AA, Oliveira A, Santos SAO, Silvestre AJD, Rocha SM, Isidoro N, Pintado M. Natural-Based Antioxidant Extracts as Potential Mitigators of Fruit Browning. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E715. [PMID: 32784698 PMCID: PMC7463621 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit enzymatic browning (EB) inhibition continues to be a challenge in the Food Industry. This physiological disorder results mainly from the oxidation of natural phenolic compounds by polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POX) leading to the formation of brown pigments. EB can be controlled with the application of antioxidants, reducing/inhibiting the activity of these oxidative enzymes. In this study, strawberry tree (leaves and branches) and apple byproduct were the natural-based extracts (NES) selected, as potential tissue browning inhibitors, within a first screening of fifteen natural-based extracts with antioxidant properties. Phenolic profile, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the selected extracts were also performed as well as their depletion effect on the oxidative enzyme's activity and browning inhibiton in fresh-cut pears. Strawberry tree extracts (leaves and branches) revealed higher total phenolic content (207.97 ± 0.01 mg GAE.gNES-1 and 104.07 ± 16.38 mg GAE.gNES-1, respectively), confirmed by the plethora of phenolic compounds identified by LC-ESI-UHR-QqTOF-HRMS and quantified by HPLC. This phytochemical composition was reflected in the low IC50 against PPO and POX obtained. Despite the lower phenolic content (6.76 ± 0.11 mg GAE.gNES-1) and antioxidant activity (IC50 = 45.59 ± 1.34 mg mL-1), apple byproduct extract showed potential in delaying browning. This study highlights the opportunity of byproducts and agricultural wastes extracts as novel anti-browning agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Dias
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.); (A.L.A.); (A.A.V.-B.); (A.O.)
| | - Alexandre M. A. Fonseca
- CICECO-Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portuga; (A.M.A.F.); (S.A.O.S.); (A.J.D.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Ana L. Amaro
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.); (A.L.A.); (A.A.V.-B.); (A.O.)
| | - Ana A. Vilas-Boas
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.); (A.L.A.); (A.A.V.-B.); (A.O.)
| | - Ana Oliveira
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.); (A.L.A.); (A.A.V.-B.); (A.O.)
| | - Sonia A. O. Santos
- CICECO-Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portuga; (A.M.A.F.); (S.A.O.S.); (A.J.D.S.)
| | - Armando J. D. Silvestre
- CICECO-Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portuga; (A.M.A.F.); (S.A.O.S.); (A.J.D.S.)
| | - Sílvia M. Rocha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Nélson Isidoro
- Cooperativa Agrícola dos Fruticultores do Cadaval, CRL (COOPVAL), Estrada Nacional 115, Km 26 2550-108 Cadaval, Portugal;
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (C.D.); (A.L.A.); (A.A.V.-B.); (A.O.)
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33
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Andrade MA, de Oliveira Torres LR, Silva AS, Barbosa CH, Vilarinho F, Ramos F, de Quirós ARB, Khwaldia K, Sendón R. Industrial multi-fruits juices by-products: total antioxidant capacity and phenolics profile by LC–MS/MS to ascertain their reuse potential. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Martins RM, Alves GDAD, Martins SDS, de Freitas LAP, Rochette PJ, Moulin VJ, Fonseca MJV. Apple Extract ( Malus sp.) and Rutin as Photochemopreventive Agents: Evaluation of Ultraviolet B-Induced Alterations on Skin Biopsies and Tissue-Engineered Skin. Rejuvenation Res 2020; 23:465-475. [PMID: 32242497 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2019.2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is exposed to the solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, which leads to the formation of several types of skin damage responsible for cancer initiation and aging. Malus sp. is a genus of apples, which are a good source of polyphenolic compounds. Malus sp. and more precisely one of its components, rutin, have preventive effects on many diseases caused by reactive oxygen species. In addition, previous studies have suggested the topical usage of the extract as a cosmetic product to prevent skin damage caused by oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of two topical formulations containing 1.25% of Malus sp. extract and the equivalent amount of rutin (0.75%). The photochemopreventive effect was assessed on two three-dimensional (3D) skin models, that is, ex vivo skin explants and 3D tissue-engineered skin to compare the models. Both formulations protected against the UVB-induced increase in sunburn cell formation, as well as caspase-3 activation and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation in both skin models. Furthermore, the formulations inhibited the lipid peroxidation and the metalloproteinase formation induced by UVB radiation. The tissue-engineered skins and the skin explants provided effective tools to assess the UVB-induced damages. These results support use of the Malus sp. extract and rutin as skin photochemopreventive agents for topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Molina Martins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Georgia de Assis Dias Alves
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Silvia de Siqueira Martins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alexandre Pedro de Freitas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Patrick J Rochette
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec, Canada
| | - Véronique J Moulin
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria José Vieira Fonseca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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35
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Azi F, Tu C, Rasheed HA, Dong M. Comparative study of the phenolics, antioxidant and metagenomic composition of novel soy whey‐based beverages produced using three different water kefir microbiota. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fidelis Azi
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210095 China
- Department of Food Science & Technology Ebonyi State University, EBSU Abakaliki Ebonyi State P.M.B 053 Nigeria
| | - Chuanhai Tu
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210095 China
| | - Hafiz Abdul Rasheed
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210095 China
| | - Mingsheng Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210095 China
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Hassanen NHM, Fahmi A, Shams-Eldin E, Abdur-Rahman M. Protective effect of rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis) against diethylnitrosamine-induced renal injury in rats. Biomarkers 2020; 25:281-289. [PMID: 32118487 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1737734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Context: The kidney plays a central role in detoxification and excretion of toxic metabolites, and therefore, is susceptible to toxicity by xenobiotics.Objective: To investigate the protective effect of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) powder and its essential (volatile) oil against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced renal injury in rats.Materials and methods: Phenolic and flavonoid components were characterised in rosemary powder using HPLC-UV instrument while rosemary essential oil (E.O) was investigated via GC-MS technique. In rat model, rosemary was administrated orally (in diet) for two months. Lipid profile, antioxidant biomarkers, kidney functions and histopathological examinations were assessed.Results: Hesperidin (4878.88 ppm) and ellagic acid (403.57 ppm) are among the major phenolic and flavonoid constituents in rosemary powder. Camphor (18.36%) and α-pinene (12.74%) represent the main E.O active ingredients. Rats treated with rosemary E.O showed a significant elevation in serum HDL (28.28%) accompanied by a decrease in LDL (115.47%). A significant decrease in serum creatinine and urea was also reported (69.72 and 109.89%, respectively). Moreover, serum glutathione peroxidise (GSH-Px) activity has been significantly increased. Kidney histopathological examinations confirmed the protective effect against DEN-induced abnormalities.Conclusion: Rosemary (powder/E.O) was able to reduce or even prevent the severity of diethylnitrosamine-induced renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa H M Hassanen
- Special Food and Nutrition Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelgawad Fahmi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy Shams-Eldin
- Special Food and Nutrition Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Gharedaghi J, Aliakbarlu J, Tajik H. Antioxidant potential of apple pomace extract and its efficacy in alginate coating on chemical stability of rainbow trout fillet. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Masike K, de Villiers A, Hoffman EW, Brand DJ, Causon T, Stander MA. Detailed Phenolic Characterization of Protea Pure and Hybrid Cultivars by Liquid Chromatography-Ion Mobility-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-IM-HR-MS). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:485-502. [PMID: 31805232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study we report a detailed investigation of the polyphenol composition of Protea pure (P. cynaroides and P. neriifolia) and hybrid cultivars (Black beauty and Limelight). Aqueous methanol extracts of leaf and bract tissues were analyzed by ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography hyphenated to photodiode array and ion mobility-high resolution mass spectrometric (UHPLC-PDA-IM-HR-MS) detection. A total of 67 metabolites were characterized based on their relative reversed phase (RP) retention, UV-vis spectra, low and high collision energy HR-MS data, and collisional cross section (CCS) values. These metabolites included 41 phenolic acid esters and 25 flavonoid derivatives, including 5 anthocyanins. In addition, an undescribed hydroxycinnamic acid-polygalatol ester, caffeoyl-O-polygalatol (1,5-anhydro-[6-O-caffeoyl]-sorbitol(glucitol)) was isolated and characterized by 1D and 2D NMR for the first time. This compound and its isomer are shown to be potential chemo-taxonomic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keabetswe Masike
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1, Matieland , 7602 Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - André de Villiers
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1, Matieland , 7602 Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Eleanor W Hoffman
- Department of Horticultural Science , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1, Matieland , 7602 Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - D Jacobus Brand
- Department of Chemistry, Central Analytical Facility (NMR Unit) , Stellenbosch University , Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Tim Causon
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) , Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry , 1180 Vienna , Austria
| | - Maria A Stander
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1, Matieland , 7602 Stellenbosch , South Africa
- Central Analytical Facility , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1, Matieland , 7602 Stellenbosch , South Africa
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SETTE-DE-SOUZA PEDROHENRIQUE, SANTANA CLEILDOPDE, SOUSA ILZAMARIAO, FOGLIO MARYANN, MEDEIROS FRANCINALVADDE, MEDEIROS ANACLÁUDIADDE. Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. to combat the biofilm-dependents diseases in vitro. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20200408. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - MARY ANN FOGLIO
- Universidade de Campinas, Brazil; Universidade de Campinas, Brazil
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Naeimi M, Gorji N, Memariani Z, Moeini R, Kamalinejad M, Kolangi F. Gastroprotective herbs for headache management in Persian medicine: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2019; 18:1-13. [PMID: 31813768 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that exists between the brain and gut. Several studies claimed that some types of headaches are associated with various gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. In Persian medicine (PM), physicians believed that gastric disturbances could stimulate headache and introduced some herbs for boosting gastric function as a therapeutic remedy for headache. Here we review the current evidence for the gastroprotective and antiheadache effects of herbs used in PM. Herbs used for their gastrotonic effects in PM were identified from selected Persian medical and pharmaceutical textbooks. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were used to search for contemporary scientific evidence relating to the gastric and neurologic effects of these plants. A total of 24 plants were recorded from the selected sources included in this review, most of which belonged to the Rosaceae family. Phyllanthus emblica, Zingiber officinale, Boswellias errata, Punica granatum and Hypericum perforatum had the most recent studies related to GI disorder and headache, while current research about quince, rose, apple, hawthorn and pear was limited. Reducing Helicobacter pylori growth, gastritis, erosion of the stomach lining, hemorrhage and perforation, improving gastric mucosal resistance, antisecretary, antiulcer, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, neuroprotective and antioxidant effects as well as improvement in memory scores were some of the gastrotonic and neuroprotective mechanisms described in the current research. These results confirmed that medicinal plants prescribed in PM may improve headache in patients through the management of GI abnormalities. However, further studies are recommended to investigate the efficacy and safety of the mentioned medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Naeimi
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717647745, Iran
| | - Narjes Gorji
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717647745, Iran.
| | - Zahra Memariani
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717647745, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Moeini
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717647745, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kolangi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Iran
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Takahashi S, Muguruma H, Osakabe N, Inoue H, Ohsawa T. Electrochemical determination with a long-length carbon nanotube electrode of quercetin glucosides in onion, apple peel, and tartary buckwheat. Food Chem 2019; 300:125189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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42
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Hnin KK, Zhang M, Devahastin S, Wang B. Influence of Novel Infrared Freeze Drying of Rose Flavored Yogurt Melts on Their Physicochemical Properties, Bioactive Compounds and Energy Consumption. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-019-02368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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43
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Cebulak T, Oszmiański J, Kapusta I, Lachowicz S. Effect of abiotic stress factors on polyphenolic content in the skin and flesh of pear by UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Growing social interest in foods with high biological quality results in the need to look for possibilities of increasing the biological quality of food products. The aim of this research was an attempt to estimate the increase of polyphenolic compounds (by UPLC-PDA-MS/MS) in the flesh and skin of pear under the influence of stress elicitors such as UVC radiation, L-EMF, H-EMF and US with various exposure times. The applied stress factors differentiated the content of phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and flavonols both in flesh and in skin. In all cases, pear skin demonstrated a decrease in the sum of polyphenolic compounds; however, when it comes to flavan-3-ols and procyanidins, the concentration of the compounds increased in two cases: after a 30-min exposure to L-EMF (+ 18%) and after a 5-min exposure to H-EMF (+ 20%). Following a 30-min flesh exposure to US, the determined sum of polyphenolic compounds was + 28% higher than in the control sample. It was observed that the level of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins in the flesh increased after a 60-min exposure to UVC radiation and low-frequency and high-frequency electromagnetic fields, and after a 20-min and 30-min exposure to ultrasounds. The presence of flavonols was only observed in pear skin. The research results show that it is possible to produce juice with a higher content of polyphenolic compounds, because juice is obtained mainly from the flesh; however, there is a need for further research to confirm the observed tendencies in the changes of polyphenolic compounds in fractions of pears.
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Santarelli V, Neri L, Sacchetti G, Di Mattia CD, Mastrocola D, Pittia P. Response of organic and conventional apples to freezing and freezing pre-treatments: Focus on polyphenols content and antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2019; 308:125570. [PMID: 31648089 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of pre-treatment (dipping and vacuum impregnation in lemon juice solution), freezing and frozen storage (FS) on single and total polyphenols (free and conjugated) content and antioxidant activity (AOA) of organic and conventional apples, was investigated. Fresh organic and conventional fruits showed different profiles of free and conjugated polyphenols while their total phenolic content and AOA were similar. Organic and conventional apple tissues showed different physiological responses to physical stresses described by changes in phenolic profiles. Vacuum impregnation in lemon juice affected the polyphenols extractability of both the organic and conventional apples and favored their enrichment with bioactive compounds (AOA = +11.5%). FS decreased the single and conjugated polyphenols content of the pre-treated apple samples and the effect was different between organic and conventional fruits. After FS, not pre-treated organic apples showed a lower AOA reduction than the conventional ones (-13% vs -25%), while no differences were found on pre-treated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Santarelli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Lilia Neri
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Giampiero Sacchetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Carla D Di Mattia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Dino Mastrocola
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Paola Pittia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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45
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LC-ESI-QTOF/MS Characterisation of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids in Polyphenol-Rich Fruits and Vegetables and Their Potential Antioxidant Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090405. [PMID: 31533286 PMCID: PMC6770053 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds found largely in fruits and vegetables. The antioxidant properties of these polyphenols including total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), tannin content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging abilities and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were measured among sixteen (16) plant foods (mango, blueberry, strawberry, black carrot, raspberry, dark grapes, garlic, ginger, onion, cherry, plum, apple, papaya, peach, pear and apricot) by modifying, standardising and translating existing antioxidant methods using a 96-well plate reader. Eighteen targeted phenolic acids and flavonoids were characterised and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-photometric diode array (HPLC-PDA) and verified by modifying an existing method of liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionisation triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF/MS). While most of these compounds were accurately detected by the HPLC-PDA at a low concentration, a few polyphenols in low concentrations could be only be characterised using the LC-ESI-QTOF/MS method. Our results showed that mango possessed the highest overall antioxidant activity, phenolic acid and flavonoid content among the selected fruits. Factor analysis (FA) and Pearson's correlation tests showed high correlations among ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and phenolic acids, implying the comparable capabilities of scavenging the DPPH/ABTS free radicals and reducing ferric ions from the antioxidant compounds in the samples. Phenolic acids contributed significantly to the antioxidant activities, and flavonoids contributed more to tannin content based on the correlations. Overall, methods modified and standardized in this study can provide better understanding of high throughput technologies and increase the reliability of antioxidant data of different plant foods.
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Grande-Tovar CD, Johannes DO, Puerta LF, Rodríguez GC, Sacchetti G, Paparella A, Chaves-López C. Bioactive micro-constituents of ackee arilli (Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20180140. [PMID: 31508662 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ackee (Blighia sapida K. D. Koenig) is an exotic fruit widely consumed in the Caribbean countries. While there is extensive research on the presence of hypoglycin A, other bioactive compounds have not been studied. We identified and quantified the changes in bioactive molecules (total phenol, ascorbic acid, hypoglycin A, squalene, D: A-Friedooleanan-7-ol, (7.alpha.), and oleic acid), antioxidant potential, and volatile compounds during two stages of ripe. A clear reduction in hypoglycin A, ascorbic acid, and total polyphenols during the maturation process were observed. On the contrary, oleic acid, squalene, and D: A-Friedooleanan-7-ol, (7.alpha.) contents increased about 12, 12, and 13 times, respectively with advancing maturity. These bioactive molecules were positively correlated with radical scavenging (DDPH and ABTS). Solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed more than 50 compounds with 3-penten-2-one and hexanal as the major compounds in the fully ripe stage. The results suggested that ripe ackee arilli could serve as an appreciable source of natural bioactive micro-constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Grande-Tovar
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de San Buenaventura Cali, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Delgado-Ospina Johannes
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de San Buenaventura Cali, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Luisa F Puerta
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de San Buenaventura Cali, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Gloria C Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de San Buenaventura Cali, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Giampiero Sacchetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Antonello Paparella
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Clemencia Chaves-López
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Phenolic Content of Apple Juice for Cider Making as Influenced by Common Pre-Fermentation Processes Using Two Analytical Methods. BEVERAGES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages5030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pre-fermentation methods can influence the cider produced from apple juice. This study analyses the influence of pre-fermentation methods; maceration and press fractioning, on the total phenolic content of juice from four apple varieties; ‘Red Delicious’, ‘Pink Lady’, ‘Sturmer’, and ‘Bulmer’s Norman’. The must was macerated for 0 or 2 h and juice was collected at free run or under 200 kpa. Base juice characteristics and total phenolic content was analysed using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and spectrophotometric absorbance at 280 nm (A280), a method used for the analysis of white wine. Both methods of analysing the total phenolic content were used, measuring the same samples to determine if the methods are comparable. No interaction was found between pre-fermentation technique and the results varied by variety and analytical method. High pressure improved the phenolic extraction for ‘Bulmer’s Norman’ juice compared to free run juice when analysed by A280. Non-macerated juice had higher total phenolic content than macerated juice for ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Pink Lady’ juice when analysed using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. There was a moderate positive correlation between the analytical methods.
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Tian Y, Gui W, Smith PB, Koo I, Murray IA, Cantorna MT, Perdew GH, Patterson AD. Isolation and Identification of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulators in White Button Mushrooms ( Agaricus bisporus). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9286-9294. [PMID: 31339733 PMCID: PMC7896426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural aryl hydrocarbon (AHR) ligands have been identified in food and herbal medicines, and they may exhibit beneficial activity in humans. In this study, white button (WB) feeding significantly decreased AHR target gene expression in the small intestine of both conventional and germ-free mice. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) combined with an AHR-responsive cell-based luciferase gene reporter assay were used to isolate and characterize benzothiazole (BT) derivatives and 6-methylisoquinoline (6-MIQ) as AHR modulators from WB mushrooms. The study showed dose-dependent changes of AHR transformation determined by the cell-based luciferase gene reporter assay and transcription of CYP1A1 in human Caco-2 cells by BT derivatives and 6-MIQ. These findings suggested that WB mushroom contains new classes of natural AHR modulators and demonstrated HPLC fractionation and UHPLC-MS/MS combined with a cell-based luciferase gene reporter assay as a useful approach for isolation and characterization of the previously unidentifed AHR modulators from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gui
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Philip B. Smith
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Iain A. Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Margherita T. Cantorna
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Gary H. Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Saritha D, Koirala A, Venu M, Reddy GD, Reddy AVB, Sitaram B, Madhavi G, Aruna K. A simple, highly sensitive and stable electrochemical sensor for the detection of quercetin in solution, onion and honey buckwheat using zinc oxide supported on carbon nanosheet (ZnO/CNS/MCPE) modified carbon paste electrode. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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50
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TAKAHASHI S, MUGURUMA H, OSAKABE N, INOUE H, OHSAWA T. Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Isoquercitrin and Epigallocatechingallate at a Carbon Nanotube Electrode. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.19-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shota TAKAHASHI
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology
| | - Hitoshi MUGURUMA
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology
| | - Naomi OSAKABE
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology
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