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Jayarathne HSM, Sullivan R, Stilgenbauer L, Debarba LK, Kuchumov A, Koshko L, Scofield S, Liu W, Ginsburg BC, Miller RA, Sadagurski M. Hypothalamic sex-specific metabolic shift by canagliflozin during aging. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01214-z. [PMID: 38801647 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus undergoes significant changes with aging and plays crucial roles in age-related metabolic alterations. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are anti-diabetic agents that promote glucose excretion, and metabolic homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that a SGLT2i, Canagliflozin (Cana), can extend the median survival of genetically heterogeneous UM-HET3 male mice and improve central metabolic control via increases in hypothalamic insulin responsiveness in aged males, as well as reduced age-associated hypothalamic inflammation. We studied the long- and short-term effects of Cana on hypothalamic metabolic control in UM-HET3 mice. Starting the treatment from 7 months of age, we show that 4 weeks of Cana treatment significantly reduced body weight and fat mass in male but not female mice that was associated with enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity observed by 12 months. Indirect calorimetry showed that Cana treatment increased energy expenditure in male, but not female mice, at 12 months of age. Long-term Cana treatment increased metabolic rates in both sexes, and markedly increasing formation of both orexigenic and anorexigenic projections to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) mostly in females by 25 months. Hypothalamic RNA-sequencing analysis revealed increased sex-specific genes and signaling pathways related to insulin signaling, glycogen catabolic pathway, neuropeptide signaling, and mitochondrial function upregulated by Cana, with males showing a more pronounced and sustained effect on metabolic pathways at both age groups. Overall, our data provide critical evidence for sex-specific mechanisms that are affected by Cana during aging suggesting key targets of hypothalamic Cana-induced neuroprotection for metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashan S M Jayarathne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Room 2418 IBio, 6135 Woodward, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Ryan Sullivan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Room 2418 IBio, 6135 Woodward, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Lukas Stilgenbauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Room 2418 IBio, 6135 Woodward, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Lucas K Debarba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Room 2418 IBio, 6135 Woodward, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Artur Kuchumov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Room 2418 IBio, 6135 Woodward, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Lisa Koshko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Room 2418 IBio, 6135 Woodward, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Sydney Scofield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Room 2418 IBio, 6135 Woodward, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Brett C Ginsburg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Room 2418 IBio, 6135 Woodward, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, iBio (Integrative Biosciences Center), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Choi PP, Wang Q, Brenner LA, Li AJ, Ritter RC, Appleyard SM. Lesion of NPY Receptor-expressing Neurons in Perifornical Lateral Hypothalamus Attenuates Glucoprivic Feeding. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae021. [PMID: 38368624 PMCID: PMC11043786 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Glucoprivic feeding is one of several counterregulatory responses (CRRs) that facilitates restoration of euglycemia following acute glucose deficit (glucoprivation). Our previous work established that glucoprivic feeding requires ventrolateral medullary (VLM) catecholamine (CA) neurons that coexpress neuropeptide Y (NPY). However, the connections by which VLM CA/NPY neurons trigger increased feeding are uncertain. We have previously shown that glucoprivation, induced by an anti-glycolygic agent 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), activates perifornical lateral hypothalamus (PeFLH) neurons and that expression of NPY in the VLM CA/NPY neurons is required for glucoprivic feeding. We therefore hypothesized that glucoprivic feeding and possibly other CRRs require NPY-sensitive PeFLH neurons. To test this, we used the ribosomal toxin conjugate NPY-saporin (NPY-SAP) to selectively lesion NPY receptor-expressing neurons in the PeFLH of male rats. We found that NPY-SAP destroyed a significant number of PeFLH neurons, including those expressing orexin, but not those expressing melanin-concentrating hormone. The PeFLH NPY-SAP lesions attenuated 2DG-induced feeding but did not affect 2DG-induced increase in locomotor activity, sympathoadrenal hyperglycemia, or corticosterone release. The 2DG-induced feeding response was also significantly attenuated in NPY-SAP-treated female rats. Interestingly, PeFLH NPY-SAP lesioned male rats had reduced body weights and decreased dark cycle feeding, but this effect was not seen in female rats. We conclude that a NPY projection to the PeFLH is necessary for glucoprivic feeding, but not locomotor activity, hyperglycemia, or corticosterone release, in both male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pique P Choi
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Lynne A Brenner
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Ai-Jun Li
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Robert C Ritter
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Suzanne M Appleyard
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Wiersielis K, Yasrebi A, Degroat TJ, Knox N, Rojas C, Feltri S, Roepke TA. Intermittent fasting disrupts hippocampal-dependent memory and norepinephrine content in aged male and female mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 275:114431. [PMID: 38072036 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IMF) is associated with many health benefits in animals and humans. Yet, little is known if an IMF diet affects mood and cognitive processing. We have previously identified that IMF in diet-induced obese males increases norepinephrine and dopamine content in the hypothalamus and increases arcuate neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene expression more than in ad libitum control males. This suggests that IMF may improve cognition through activation of the hindbrain norepinephrine neuronal network and reverse the age-dependent decline in NPY expression. Less is known about the association between anxiety and IMF. Although, in humans, IMF during Ramadan may alleviate anxiety. Here, we address the impact of IMF on anxiety-like behavior using the open field test, hippocampal-dependent memory using the Y-maze and spatial object recognition, and hippocampal-independent memory using novel object recognition in middle-aged male and female (12 mo) and aged male and female (18 mo) mice. Using ELISA, we determined norepinephrine (NE) content in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). We also investigated gene expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), the lateral hypothalamus (LH), and the locus coeruleus (LC). In IMF-treated females at both ages, we observed an improvement in spatial navigation although an impairment in spatial object orientation. IMF-treated females (12 mo) had a reduction and IMF-treated males (12 mo) displayed an improvement in novel object recognition memory. IMF-treated females (18 mo) exhibited anxiolytic-like behavior and increased locomotion. In the DH, IMF-treated males (12 mo) had a greater amount of NE content and IMF-treated males (18 mo) had a reduction. In the ARC, IMF-treated males (12 mo) exhibited an increase in Agrp and Npy and a decrease in Adr1a. In the ARC, IMF-treated males (18 mo) exhibited an increase in Npy and a decrease in Adr1a; females had a trending decrease in Cart. In the LH at 12 months, IMF-treated males had a decrease in Npy5r, Adr1a, and Adr1b; both males and females had a reduction in Npy1r. In the LH, IMF-treated females (18 mo) had a decrease in Hcrt. In the LC at both ages, mice largely exhibited sex effects. Our findings indicate that IMF produces alterations in mood, cognition, DH NE content, and ARC, LH, and LC gene expression depending on sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Wiersielis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| | - Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Thomas J Degroat
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Nadja Knox
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Catherine Rojas
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Samantha Feltri
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
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Zheng CY, Yu YX, Cao SY, Bai X. Epigenetics of inflammation in hypothalamus pituitary gonadal and neuroendocrine disorders. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:340-345. [PMID: 37142487 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The hormone producing hypothalamus, pituitary and gonadal are arranged in hierarchy to form the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis). The axis is neuroendocrine in nature and releases hormones in response to the inputs from nervous systems. The axis maintains homeostasis and ensures smooth body functions, particularly those related to growth and reproduction. A deregulated HPG axis, such as observed under inflammation and other conditions, is therefore associated with several disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea etc. Several factors, both genetic as well as environmental, in addition to aging, obesity etc. affect HPG axis with resulting effects on puberty, sexual maturation and reproductive health. More research is now indicative of a role of epigenetics in mediating these HPG-affecting factors. Hypothalamus-secreted gonadotropin-releasing hormone is important for eventual release of sex hormones and it is subjected to several neuronal and epigenetic regulations. Gene promoter methylation as well as histone methylations and acetylations form the backbone of epigenetic regulation of HPG-axis, as the incoming reports suggest. Epigenetic events also mediate several feedback mechanisms within HPG axis and between HPG axis and the central nervous system. In addition, data is emerging for a role of non-coding RNAs, particularly the miRNAs, in regulation and normal functioning of HPG axis. Thus, the epigenetic interactions need better understanding to understand the functioning and regulation of HPG axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Zheng
- Embryo Laboratory, Jinghua Hospital of Shenyang, No. 83, Zhongshan Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue-Xin Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 5, Guangrong Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shi-Yue Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 5, Guangrong Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 5, Guangrong Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China.
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5
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Yammine L, Picatoste B, Abdullah N, Leahey RA, Johnson EF, Gómez-Banoy N, Rosselot C, Wen J, Hossain T, Goncalves MD, Lo JC, Garcia-Ocaña A, McGraw TE. Spatiotemporal regulation of GIPR signaling impacts glucose homeostasis as revealed in studies of a common GIPR variant. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101831. [PMID: 37925022 PMCID: PMC10665708 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) has a role in controlling postprandial metabolic tone. In humans, a GIP receptor (GIPR) variant (Q354, rs1800437) is associated with a lower body mass index (BMI) and increased risk for Type 2 Diabetes. To better understand the impacts of GIPR-Q354 on metabolism, it is necessary to study it in an isogeneic background to the predominant GIPR isoform, E354. To accomplish this objective, we used CRISPR-CAS9 editing to generate mouse models of GIPR-Q354 and GIPR-E354. Here we characterize the metabolic effects of GIPR-Q354 variant in a mouse model (GIPR-Q350). METHODS We generated the GIPR-Q350 mice for in vivo studies of metabolic impact of the variant. We isolated pancreatic islets from GIPR-Q350 mice to study insulin secretion ex vivo. We used a β-cell cell line to understand the impact of the GIPR-Q354 variant on the receptor traffic. RESULTS We found that female GIPR-Q350 mice are leaner than littermate controls, and male GIPR-Q350 mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity, in line with the association of the variant with reduced BMI in humans. GIPR-Q350 mice of both sexes are more glucose tolerant and exhibit an increased sensitivity to GIP. Postprandial GIP levels are reduced in GIPR-Q350 mice, revealing feedback regulation that balances the increased sensitivity of GIP target tissues to secretion of GIP from intestinal endocrine cells. The increased GIP sensitivity is recapitulated ex vivo during glucose stimulated insulin secretion assays in islets. Generation of cAMP in islets downstream of GIPR activation is not affected by the Q354 substitution. However, post-activation traffic of GIPR-Q354 variant in β-cells is altered, characterized by enhanced intracellular dwell time and increased localization to the Trans-Golgi Network (TGN). CONCLUSIONS Our data link altered intracellular traffic of the GIPR-Q354 variant with GIP control of metabolism. We propose that this change in spatiotemporal signaling underlies the physiologic effects of GIPR-Q350/4 and GIPR-E350/4 in mice and humans. These findings contribute to a more complete understanding of the impact of GIPR-Q354 variant on glucose homeostasis that could perhaps be leveraged to enhance pharmacologic targeting of GIPR for the treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Yammine
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Belén Picatoste
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nazish Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Rosemary A Leahey
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Emma F Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nicolás Gómez-Banoy
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Carolina Rosselot
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jennifer Wen
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Tahmina Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - James C Lo
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Timothy E McGraw
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Weill Center for Metabolic Health and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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6
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Miksza DR, Biazi GR, Frasson IG, de Souza Galia WB, Ferraz LS, Diaz BF, Kurauti MA, Marmentini C, Mareze-Costa CE, Peres SB, Cassolla P, Bertolini GL, Bazotte RB, de Souza HM. Insulin in combination with pioglitazone prevents advanced cachexia in 256-Walker tumor-bearing rats: effect is greater than treatment alone and is associated with improved insulin sensitivity. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1571-1587. [PMID: 37804392 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin (INS) resistance and hypoinsulinemia commonly observed in cancer-carrying, can contribute to cachexia. However, the effects of INS and INS sensitizers, such as pioglitazone (PIO), particularly when used in combination therapy, on cancer cachexia have not been evaluated sufficiently. We investigated the effects of INS and PIO, at various doses, either isolated or combined, on cachexia in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats (TB rats). METHODS INS or INS + PIO were administered in TB rats, for 6 or 12 days, starting from the day of tumor cells inoculation. RESULTS INS at 18 or 27 U/kg (12-days treatment), but not 9 U/kg, reduced fat loss and slightly prevented weight loss. However, INS 18 U/kg + PIO 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg (6 or 12-day treatment) reduced fat loss and markedly prevented weight loss but did not affect muscle wasting. While TB rats lost weight (37.9% in 12 days), TB rats treated with INS 18 U/kg + PIO 5 mg/kg showed pronounced weight gain (73.7%), which was greater than the sum (synergism) of the weight gains promoted by isolated treatments with INS 18 U/kg (14.7%) or PIO 5 mg/kg (13.1%). The beneficial effect of the INS 18 U/kg + PIO 5 mg/kg on weight loss was associated with improved INS sensitivity, as indicated by the higher blood glucose clearance constant (kITT), decreased levels of free fatty acids and triacylglycerols (INS resistance-inducing factors) in the blood, and increased expression of p-Akt (INS signaling pathway protein) in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS The combined treatment with INS 18 U/kg + PIO 5 mg/kg was more effective in preventing advanced cachexia in TB rats than each treatment alone, emerging as the best approach, considering the lower dosage and higher efficacy. This combination completely preserved adipose mass and markedly reduced weight loss through a synergistic mechanism linked to improved insulin sensitivity. These findings provide new insights into the importance of drug combinations in effectively combating fat loss in advanced cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Romani Miksza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Giuliana Regina Biazi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86051-990, Brazil
| | | | | | - Laura Socio Ferraz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Brenda Francisconi Diaz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Mirian Ayumi Kurauti
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Carine Marmentini
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Campinas State University, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | | | - Sidney Barnabé Peres
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Cassolla
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Gisele Lopes Bertolini
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Roberto Barbosa Bazotte
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Helenir Medri de Souza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86051-990, Brazil.
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Debarba LK, Jayarathne HSM, Stilgenbauer L, Terra Dos Santos AL, Koshko L, Scofield S, Sullivan R, Mandal A, Klueh U, Sadagurski M. Microglial NF-κB Signaling Deficiency Protects Against Metabolic Disruptions Caused by Volatile Organic Compound via Modulating the Hypothalamic Transcriptome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.08.566279. [PMID: 38014216 PMCID: PMC10680567 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to benzene, a prevalent volatile organic compound (VOC), at concentrations found in smoke, triggers hyperglycemia, and inflammation in mice. Corroborating this with existing epidemiological data, we show a strong correlation between environmental benzene exposure and metabolic impairments in humans. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, we employed a controlled exposure system and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), revealing rapid blood glucose surges and disturbances in energy homeostasis in mice. These effects were attributed to alterations in the hypothalamic transcriptome, specifically impacting insulin and immune response genes, leading to hypothalamic insulin resistance and neuroinflammation. Moreover, benzene exposure activated microglial transcription characterized by heightened expression of IKKβ/NF-κB-related genes. Remarkably, selective removal of IKKβ in immune cells or adult microglia in mice alleviated benzene-induced hypothalamic gliosis, and protected against hyperglycemia. In summary, our study uncovers a crucial pathophysiological mechanism, establishing a clear link between airborne toxicant exposure and the onset of metabolic diseases.
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8
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Kim YT, Park BS, Yang HR, Yi S, Nam-Goong IS, Kim JG. Exploring the potential hypothalamic role in mediating cisplatin-induced negative energy balance. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 385:110733. [PMID: 37769865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug commonly used for treating different types of cancer. However, long-term use can lead to side effects, including anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss, which negatively affect the patient's quality of life and ability to undergo chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development of a negative energy balance during cisplatin treatment. Mice treated with cisplatin exhibit reduced food intake, body weight, and energy expenditure. We observed altered neuronal activity in the hypothalamic nuclei involved in the regulation of energy metabolism in cisplatin-treated mice. In addition, we observed activation of microglia and inflammation in the hypothalamus following treatment with cisplatin. Consistent with this finding, inhibition of microglial activation effectively rescued cisplatin-induced anorexia and body weight loss. The present study identified the role of hypothalamic neurons and inflammation linked to microglial activation in the anorexia and body weight loss observed during cisplatin treatment. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the development of metabolic abnormalities during cisplatin treatment and suggest new strategies for managing these side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tae Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Seo Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Yang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yi
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Seong Nam-Goong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 682-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea; Research Center of Brain-Machine Interface, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Brown SSG, Westwater ML, Seidlitz J, Ziauddeen H, Fletcher PC. Hypothalamic volume is associated with body mass index. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 39:103478. [PMID: 37558541 PMCID: PMC10509524 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is an important neuroendocrine hub for the control of appetite and satiety. In animal studies it has been established that hypothalamic lesioning or stimulation causes alteration to feeding behaviour and consequently body mass, and exposure to high calorie diets induces hypothalamic inflammation. These findings suggest that alterations in hypothalamic structure and function are both a cause and a consequence of changes to food intake. However, there is limited in vivo human data relating the hypothalamus to obesity or eating disorders, in part due to technical problems relating to its small size. Here, we used a novel automated segmentation algorithm to exploratorily investigate the relationship between hypothalamic volume, normalised to intracranial volume, and body mass index (BMI). The analysis was applied across four independent datasets comprising of young adults (total n = 1,351 participants) spanning a range of BMIs (13.3 - 47.8 kg/m2). We compared underweight (including individuals with anorexia nervosa), healthy weight, overweight and obese individuals in a series of complementary analyses. We report that overall hypothalamic volume is significantly larger in overweight and obese groups of young adults. This was also observed for a number of hypothalamic sub-regions. In the largest dataset (the HCP-Young Adult dataset (n = 1111)) there was a significant relationship between hypothalamic volume and BMI. We suggest that our findings of a positive relationship between hypothalamic volume and BMI is potentially consistent with hypothalamic inflammation as seen in animal models in response to high fat diet, although more research is needed to establish a causal relationship. Overall, we present novel, in vivo findings that link elevated BMI to altered hypothalamic structure. This has important implications for study of the neural mechanisms of obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S G Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Margaret L Westwater
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hisham Ziauddeen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C Fletcher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Trust, United Kingdom
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10
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Shine JM. Neuromodulatory control of complex adaptive dynamics in the brain. Interface Focus 2023; 13:20220079. [PMID: 37065268 PMCID: PMC10102735 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2022.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
How is the massive dimensionality and complexity of the microscopic constituents of the nervous system brought under sufficiently tight control so as to coordinate adaptive behaviour? A powerful means for striking this balance is to poise neurons close to the critical point of a phase transition, at which a small change in neuronal excitability can manifest a nonlinear augmentation in neuronal activity. How the brain could mediate this critical transition is a key open question in neuroscience. Here, I propose that the different arms of the ascending arousal system provide the brain with a diverse set of heterogeneous control parameters that can be used to modulate the excitability and receptivity of target neurons-in other words, to act as control parameters for mediating critical neuronal order. Through a series of worked examples, I demonstrate how the neuromodulatory arousal system can interact with the inherent topological complexity of neuronal subsystems in the brain to mediate complex adaptive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Shine
- Brain and Mind Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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11
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Yavuz Y, Ozen DO, Erol ZY, Goren H, Yilmaz B. Effects of endocrine disruptors on the electrical activity of leptin receptor neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and anxiety-like behavior in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121366. [PMID: 36858099 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing concern about the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on human health. Recently, some EDCs are suggested to affect energy metabolism leading to increased risk of obesity. Obesogenic effects of some EDCs on adipogenesis have been reported, however, there is no study examining their potential actions on the brain circuits controlling feeding and metabolism. We have investigated effects of tributyltin (TBT) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) on electrical activity on dorsomedial hypothalamic leptin receptor neurons (DMHLepR), morphological adaptations in neuronal anatomy of DMHLepR, locomotion, and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Twenty-three Lep-Cre transgenic mice were intracranially injected with GFP virus. Control animals received intraperitoneal corn oil alone while group 2 and 3 received TBT (25 μg/kg) and p,p'-DDT (2 mg/kg) for one month. Locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior of the animals were determined by open field test. Electrophysiological effects of TBT and p,p'-DDT on DMHLepR neurons were determined by patch clamp method. Neuronal anatomy was determined by confocal microscopy. Spontaneous firing frequency of DMHLepR neurons of TBT group of mice was significantly higher than both p,p'-DDT and control groups (p < 0.01). TBT and p,p'-DDT significantly decreased frequency of the spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents to DMHLepR neurons compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The time spent in the center and the number of entrances to the center by the TBT-administered mice were significantly lower than other groups (p < 0.01). The total distance traveled and mean speed of the control group of mice were significantly higher than the p,p'-DDT- and TBT-administered animals (p < 0.0001). c-Fos activity of the p,p'-DDT- and TBT-administered animals were significantly elevated compared to the control group (p < 0.001), while no change in the number of dendritic spines were observed. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that exposure to TBT and p,p'-DDT alters electrical activity in DMHLepR neurons and behavioral state in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Yavuz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Oyku Ozen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Yagmur Erol
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Habibe Goren
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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12
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Tajima Y, Ito K, Yuan Y, Frank MO, Saito Y, Darnell RB. NOVA1 acts on Impact to regulate hypothalamic function and translation in inhibitory neurons. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112050. [PMID: 36716149 PMCID: PMC10382602 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a patient haploinsufficient for the neuronal RNA binding protein NOVA1 who developed a behavioral motor hyperactivity disorder, suggesting a role of NOVA1 in postnatal motor inhibition. To investigate Nova1's action in adult Gad2+ inhibitory neurons, we generated a conditional Nova1-null mouse (Nova1-cKOGad2-cre). Strikingly, the phenotypes of these mice show many similarities to the NOVA1 haploinsufficient patient and identify a function of Nova1 in the hypothalamus. Molecularly, Nova1 loss in Gad2-positive neurons alters downstream expression of Impact mRNA, along with a subset of RNAs encoding electron transport chain-related factors and ribosomal proteins. NOVA1 stabilizes Impact mRNA by binding its 3' UTR, antagonizing the actions of miR-138 and miR-124. Together, these studies demonstrate actions of NOVA1 in adult hypothalamic neurons, mechanisms by which it functions in translation and metabolism, including through direct binding to Impact mRNA, and illuminate its role in human neurologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Tajima
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-oncology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Keiichi Ito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-oncology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mayu O Frank
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-oncology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuhki Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-oncology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert B Darnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-oncology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Contreras CM, Gutiérrez-García AG. Insulin and fluoxetine produce opposite actions on lateral septal nucleus-infralimbic region connection responsivity. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114146. [PMID: 36202146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Some diabetes patients develop depression, the main treatment for which is antidepressants. Pharmacological interactions between insulin and antidepressants (e.g., fluoxetine) are controversial in the literature. Some authors reported hypoglycemic actions of fluoxetine, whereas others reported antidepressant-like actions. In healthy rats, insulin produces an antidespair-like action in rats through an increase in locomotor and exploratory activity, but differences in actions of insulin and fluoxetine on neuronal activity are unknown. The present study evaluated Wistar healthy rats that were treated with saline, insulin, fluoxetine, or fluoxetine + insulin for 3 days (short-term) or 21 days (long-term). The model consisted of electrical stimulation of the lateral septal nucleus (LSN) while we performed single-unit extracellular response recordings in the prelimbic cortex (PL) and infralimbic cortex (IL) subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Stimulation of the LSN produced an initial brief excitatory paucisynaptic response and then a long-lasting inhibitory afterdischarge in the PL and IL. Treatment with saline and fluoxetine, but not insulin, minimally affected the paucisynaptic response. Differences were found in LSN-IL responsivity. The inhibitory afterdischarge was clearly enhanced in the long-term fluoxetine group but not by insulin alone or fluoxetine + insulin. These findings suggest that insulin produces some actions that are opposite to fluoxetine on LSN-mPFC connection responsivity, with no synergistic actions between the actions of insulin and fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Contreras
- Unidad Periférica del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Xalapa, Veracruz 91190, Mexico.
| | - Ana G Gutiérrez-García
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz 91190, Mexico
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14
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Li Q, Jiang B, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Xu Z, Chen X, Huang Y, Jian J, Yan Q. α-MSH is partially involved in the immunomodulation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) antibacterial immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:929-938. [PMID: 36343851 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a well-studied neuropeptide controlling skin and hair color. Besides, numerous immunomodulation roles of α-MSH were recorded in humans and mice. However, the regulatory effects of α-MSH in teleost immunity haven't been well elucidated. In this study, several precursor molecules of α-MSH (POMCs) and its receptors (MCRs) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were characterized, and their expression characteristics and specific functions on antibacterial immunity were determined. Overall, POMCs and MCRs were principally detected in the brain, skin, and liver, and were remarkably promoted post Streptococcus agalactiae infection. However, tiny POMCs and MCRs were observed in tilapia immune organs (head kidney and spleen) or lymphocytes, and no evident immunomodulation effect was detected in vitro. Moreover, the in vivo challenge experiments revealed that α-MSH protects tilapia from bacterial infection by regulating responses in the brain and intestine. This study lays theoretical data for a deeper comprehension of the immunomodulation mechanisms of teleost α-MSH and the evolutional process of the vertebrate melanocortin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Baijian Jiang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yongxiong Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xinjin Chen
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.
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15
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Shine JM. Adaptively navigating affordance landscapes: How interactions between the superior colliculus and thalamus coordinate complex, adaptive behaviour. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 143:104921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Lewis JE, Woodward OR, Nuzzaci D, Smith CA, Adriaenssens AE, Billing L, Brighton C, Phillips BU, Tadross JA, Kinston SJ, Ciabatti E, Göttgens B, Tripodi M, Hornigold D, Baker D, Gribble FM, Reimann F. Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 4 (Rxfp4) expressing hypothalamic neurons modulate food intake and preference in mice. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101604. [PMID: 36184065 PMCID: PMC9579047 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5) signalling, through its cognate receptor relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 4 (RXFP4), has been reported to be orexigenic, and the high fat diet (HFD) preference observed in wildtype mice is altered in Rxfp4 knock-out mice. In this study, we used a new Rxfp4-Cre mouse model to investigate the mechanisms underlying these observations. METHODS We generated transgenic Rxfp4-Cre mice and investigated central expression of Rxfp4 by RT-qPCR, RNAscope and intraparenchymal infusion of INSL5. Rxfp4-expressing cells were chemogenetically manipulated in global Cre-reporter mice using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) or after stereotactic injection of a Cre-dependent AAV-DIO-Dq-DREADD targeting a population located in the ventromedial hypothalamus (RXFP4VMH). Food intake and feeding motivation were assessed in the presence and absence of a DREADD agonist. Rxfp4-expressing cells in the hypothalamus were characterised by single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) and the connectivity of RXFP4VMH cells was investigated using viral tracing. RESULTS Rxfp4-Cre mice displayed Cre-reporter expression in the hypothalamus. Active expression of Rxfp4 in the adult mouse brain was confirmed by RT-qPCR and RNAscope. Functional receptor expression was supported by cyclic AMP-responses to INSL5 application in ex vivo brain slices and increased HFD and highly palatable liquid meal (HPM), but not chow, intake after intra-VMH INSL5 infusion. scRNAseq of hypothalamic RXFP4 neurons defined a cluster expressing VMH markers, alongside known appetite-modulating neuropeptide receptors (Mc4r, Cckar and Nmur2). Viral tracing demonstrated RXFP4VMH neural projections to nuclei implicated in hedonic feeding behaviour. Whole body chemogenetic inhibition (Di-DREADD) of Rxfp4-expressing cells, mimicking physiological INSL5-RXFP4 Gi-signalling, increased intake of the HFD and HPM, but not chow, whilst activation (Dq-DREADD), either at whole body level or specifically within the VMH, reduced HFD and HPM intake and motivation to work for the HPM. CONCLUSION These findings identify RXFP4VMH neurons as regulators of food intake and preference, and hypothalamic RXFP4 signalling as a target for feeding behaviour manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo E Lewis
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Orla Rm Woodward
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Danaé Nuzzaci
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christopher A Smith
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alice E Adriaenssens
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lawrence Billing
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Cheryl Brighton
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Benjamin U Phillips
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John A Tadross
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Sarah J Kinston
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ernesto Ciabatti
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marco Tripodi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Neurobiology Division, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - David Hornigold
- Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Baker
- Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Frank Reimann
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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17
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Olejniczak I, Campbell B, Tsai YC, Tyagarajan SK, Albrecht U, Ripperger JA. Suprachiasmatic to paraventricular nuclei interaction generates normal food searching rhythms in mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:909795. [PMID: 36277219 PMCID: PMC9582613 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.909795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for food follows a well-organized decision process in mammals to take up food only if necessary. Moreover, scavenging is preferred during their activity phase. Various time-dependent regulatory processes have been identified originating from the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), which convert external light information into synchronizing output signals. However, a direct impact of the SCN on the timing of normal food searching has not yet been found. Here, we revisited the function of the SCN to affect when mice look for food. We found that this process was independent of light but modified by the palatability of the food source. Surprisingly, reducing the output from the SCN, in particular from the vasopressin releasing neurons, reduced the amount of scavenging during the early activity phase. The SCN appeared to transmit a signal to the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) via GABA receptor A1. Finally, the interaction of SCN and PVN was verified by retrograde transport-mediated complementation. None of the genetic manipulations affected the uptake of more palatable food. The data indicate that the PVN are sufficient to produce blunted food searching rhythms and are responsive to hedonistic feeding. Nevertheless, the search for normal food during the early activity phase is significantly enhanced by the SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Olejniczak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Campbell
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuan-Chen Tsai
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shiva K. Tyagarajan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Albrecht
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen A. Ripperger
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Jürgen A. Ripperger,
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18
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Liu SJ, Cai TH, Fang CL, Lin SZ, Yang WQ, Wei Y, Zhou F, Liu L, Luo Y, Guo ZY, Zhao G, Li YP, Li LM. Long-term exercise training down-regulates m 6A RNA demethylase FTO expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus: an effective intervention for epigenetic modification. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:54. [PMID: 36163017 PMCID: PMC9513931 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise boosts the health of some brain parts, such as the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Several studies show that long-term exercise improves spatial learning and memory, enhances hypothalamic leptin sensitivity, and regulates energy balance. However, the effect of exercise on the hippocampus and hypothalamus is not fully understood. The study aimed to find epigenetic modifications or changes in gene expression of the hippocampus and hypothalamus due to exercise. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sedentary and exercise groups. All mice in the exercise group were subjected to treadmill exercise 5 days per week for 1 h each day. After the 12-week exercise intervention, the hippocampus and hypothalamus tissue were used for RNA-sequencing or molecular biology experiments. Results In both groups, numerous differentially expressed genes of the hippocampus (up-regulated: 53, down-regulated: 49) and hypothalamus (up-regulated: 24, down-regulated: 40) were observed. In the exercise group, increased level of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) was observed in the hippocampus and hypothalamus (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) of the hippocampus and hypothalamus were down-regulated in the exercise group (p < 0.001). In addition, the Fto co-expression genes of the mouse brain were studied and analyzed using database to determine the potential roles of exercise-downregulated FTO in the brain. Conclusion The findings demonstrate that long-term exercise might elevates the levels of m6A-tagged transcripts in the hippocampus and hypothalamus via down-regulation of FTO. Hence, exercise might be an effective intervention for epigenetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Liu
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong-Hui Cai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Chun-Lu Fang
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Zhang Lin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wen-Qi Yang
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu Zhou
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yi Guo
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ping Li
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Ming Li
- Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
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19
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O'Connor RM, Kenny PJ. Utility of 'substance use disorder' as a heuristic for understanding overeating and obesity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 118:110580. [PMID: 35636576 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rates of obesity and obesity-associated diseases have increased dramatically in countries with developed economies. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by the persistent use of the substance despite negative consequences. It has been hypothesized that overconsumption of palatable energy dense food can elicit SUD-like maladaptive behaviors that contribute to persistent caloric intake beyond homeostatic need even in the face of negative consequences. Palatable food and drugs of abuse act on many of the same motivation-related circuits in the brain, and can induce, at least superficially, similar molecular, cellular, and physiological adaptations on these circuits. As such, applying knowledge about the neurobiological mechanisms of SUDs may serve as useful heuristic to better understand the persistent overconsumption of palatable food that contributes to obesity. However, many important differences exist between the actions of drugs of abuse and palatable food in the brain. This warrants caution when attributing weight gain and obesity to the manifestation of a putative SUD-related behavioral disorder. Here, we describe similarities and differences between compulsive drug use in SUDs and overconsumption in obesity and consider the merit of the concept of "food addiction".
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M O'Connor
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States of America
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States of America.
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20
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Cotero V, Graf J, Miwa H, Hirschstein Z, Qanud K, Huerta TS, Tai N, Ding Y, Jimenez-Cowell K, Tomaio JN, Song W, Devarajan A, Tsaava T, Madhavan R, Wallace K, Loghin E, Morton C, Fan Y, Kao TJ, Akhtar K, Damaraju M, Barenboim L, Maietta T, Ashe J, Tracey KJ, Coleman TR, Di Carlo D, Shin D, Zanos S, Chavan SS, Herzog RI, Puleo C. Stimulation of the hepatoportal nerve plexus with focused ultrasound restores glucose homoeostasis in diabetic mice, rats and swine. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:683-705. [PMID: 35361935 PMCID: PMC10127248 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neurons that sense glucose relay signals of glucose availability to integrative clusters of neurons in the brain. However, the roles of such signalling pathways in the maintenance of glucose homoeostasis and their contribution to disease are unknown. Here we show that the selective activation of the nerve plexus of the hepatic portal system via peripheral focused ultrasound stimulation (pFUS) improves glucose homoeostasis in mice and rats with insulin-resistant diabetes and in swine subject to hyperinsulinemic-euglycaemic clamps. pFUS modulated the activity of sensory projections to the hypothalamus, altered the concentrations of metabolism-regulating neurotransmitters, and enhanced glucose tolerance and utilization in the three species, whereas physical transection or chemical blocking of the liver-brain nerve pathway abolished the effect of pFUS on glucose tolerance. Longitudinal multi-omic profiling of metabolic tissues from the treated animals confirmed pFUS-induced modifications of key metabolic functions in liver, pancreas, muscle, adipose, kidney and intestinal tissues. Non-invasive ultrasound activation of afferent autonomic nerves may represent a non-pharmacologic therapy for the restoration of glucose homoeostasis in type-2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Cotero
- General Electric (GE) Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - John Graf
- General Electric (GE) Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Hiromi Miwa
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Khaled Qanud
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Tomás S Huerta
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Yuyan Ding
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin Jimenez-Cowell
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Weiguo Song
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Alex Devarajan
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Tea Tsaava
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Radhika Madhavan
- General Electric (GE) Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Kirk Wallace
- General Electric (GE) Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Evelina Loghin
- General Electric (GE) Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Christine Morton
- General Electric (GE) Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Ying Fan
- General Electric (GE) Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Tzu-Jen Kao
- General Electric (GE) Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Ashe
- General Electric (GE) Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Dino Di Carlo
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Stavros Zanos
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Chris Puleo
- General Electric (GE) Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, USA.
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21
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Oliveira LDC, Morais GP, Ropelle ER, de Moura LP, Cintra DE, Pauli JR, de Freitas EC, Rorato R, da Silva ASR. Using Intermittent Fasting as a Non-pharmacological Strategy to Alleviate Obesity-Induced Hypothalamic Molecular Pathway Disruption. Front Nutr 2022; 9:858320. [PMID: 35445066 PMCID: PMC9014844 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.858320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular intervention used to fight overweight/obesity. This condition is accompanied by hypothalamic inflammation, limiting the proper signaling of molecular pathways, with consequent dysregulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. This mini-review explored the therapeutic modulation potential of IF regarding the disruption of these molecular pathways. IF seems to modulate inflammatory pathways in the brain, which may also be correlated with the brain-microbiota axis, improving hypothalamic signaling of leptin and insulin, and inducing the autophagic pathway in hypothalamic neurons, contributing to weight loss in obesity. Evidence also suggests that when an IF protocol is performed without respecting the circadian cycle, it can lead to dysregulation in the expression of circadian cycle regulatory genes, with potential health damage. In conclusion, IF may have the potential to be an adjuvant treatment to improve the reestablishment of hypothalamic responses in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana da Costa Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Paroschi Morais
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R. Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro P. de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys E. Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R. Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen C. de Freitas
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rorato
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Stress Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Rodrigo Rorato,
| | - Adelino Sanchez R. da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Adelino Sanchez R. da Silva,
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22
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The Influence of Ketone Bodies on Circadian Processes Regarding Appetite, Sleep and Hormone Release: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071410. [PMID: 35406023 PMCID: PMC9002750 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrononutrition is an emerging branch of chronobiology focusing on the profound interactions between biological rhythms and metabolism. This framework suggests that, just like all biological processes, even nutrition follows a circadian pattern. Recent findings elucidated the metabolic roles of circadian clocks in the regulation of both hormone release and the daily feeding–fasting cycle. Apart from serving as energy fuel, ketone bodies play pivotal roles as signaling mediators and drivers of gene transcription, promoting food anticipation and loss of appetite. Herein we provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the effects of the ketogenic diets on biological processes that follow circadian rhythms, among them appetite, sleep, and endocrine function.
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23
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Woodward ORM, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Lewis JE. Gut peptide regulation of food intake - evidence for the modulation of hedonic feeding. J Physiol 2022; 600:1053-1078. [PMID: 34152020 DOI: 10.1113/jp280581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people living with obesity has tripled worldwide since 1975 with serious implications for public health, as obesity is linked to a significantly higher chance of early death from associated comorbidities (metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer). As obesity is a consequence of food intake exceeding the demands of energy expenditure, efforts are being made to better understand the homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms governing food intake. Gastrointestinal peptides are secreted from enteroendocrine cells in response to nutrient and energy intake, and modulate food intake either via afferent nerves, including the vagus nerve, or directly within the central nervous system, predominantly gaining access at circumventricular organs. Enteroendocrine hormones modulate homeostatic control centres at hypothalamic nuclei and the dorso-vagal complex. Additional roles of these peptides in modulating hedonic food intake and/or preference via the neural systems of reward are starting to be elucidated, with both peripheral and central peptide sources potentially contributing to central receptor activation. Pharmacological interventions and gastric bypass surgery for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity elevate enteroendocrine hormone levels and also alter food preference. Hence, understanding of the hedonic mechanisms mediated by gut peptide action could advance development of potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla R M Woodward
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jo E Lewis
- Wellcome Trust - MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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24
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Vigil P, Meléndez J, Petkovic G, Del Río JP. The importance of estradiol for body weight regulation in women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:951186. [PMID: 36419765 PMCID: PMC9677105 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.951186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in women of reproductive age has a number of adverse metabolic effects, including Type II Diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. It is associated with increased menstrual irregularity, ovulatory dysfunction, development of insulin resistance and infertility. In women, estradiol is not only critical for reproductive function, but they also control food intake and energy expenditure. Food intake is known to change during the menstrual cycle in humans. This change in food intake is largely mediated by estradiol, which acts directly upon anorexigenic and orexigenic neurons, largely in the hypothalamus. Estradiol also acts indirectly with peripheral mediators such as glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Like estradiol, GLP-1 acts on receptors at the hypothalamus. This review describes the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms governing the actions of estradiol during the menstrual cycle on food intake and energy expenditure and how estradiol acts with other weight-controlling molecules such as GLP-1. GLP-1 analogs have proven to be effective both to manage obesity and T2D in women. This review also highlights the relationship between steroid hormones and women's mental health. It explains how a decline or imbalance in estradiol levels affects insulin sensitivity in the brain. This can cause cerebral insulin resistance, which contributes to the development of conditions such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease. The proper use of both estradiol and GLP-1 analogs can help to manage obesity and preserve an optimal mental health in women by reducing the mechanisms that trigger neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Vigil
- Reproductive Health Research Institute (RHRI), Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Meléndez
- Reproductive Health Research Institute (RHRI), Santiago, Chile
| | - Grace Petkovic
- Arrowe Park Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Wirral CH49 5PE, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Pablo Del Río
- Unidad de Psiquiatría Infantil y del Adolescente, Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Millennium Science Initiative, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Juan Pablo Del Río,
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25
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Kaouane N, Ada S, Hausleitner M, Haubensak W. Dorsal Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis-Subcortical Output Circuits Encode Positive Bias in Pavlovian Fear and Reward. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 15:772512. [PMID: 34970123 PMCID: PMC8713515 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.772512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Opposite emotions like fear and reward states often utilize the same brain regions. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) comprises one hub for processing fear and reward processes. However, it remains unknown how dorsal BNST (dBNST) circuits process these antagonistic behaviors. Here, we exploited a combined Pavlovian fear and reward conditioning task that exposed mice to conditioned tone stimuli (CS)s, either paired with sucrose delivery or footshock unconditioned stimuli (US). Pharmacological inactivation identified the dorsal BNST as a crucial element for both fear and reward behavior. Deep brain calcium imaging revealed opposite roles of two distinct dBNST neuronal output pathways to the periaqueductal gray (PAG) or paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH). dBNST neural activity profiles differentially process valence and Pavlovian behavior components: dBNST-PAG neurons encode fear CS, whereas dBNST-PVH neurons encode reward responding. Optogenetic activation of BNST-PVH neurons increased reward seeking, whereas dBNST-PAG neurons attenuated freezing. Thus, dBNST-PVH or dBNST-PAG circuitry encodes oppositely valenced fear and reward states, while simultaneously triggering an overall positive affective response bias (increased reward seeking while reducing fear responses). We speculate that this mechanism amplifies reward responding and suppresses fear responses linked to BNST dysfunction in stress and addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Kaouane
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Sibel Ada
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Hausleitner
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Wulf Haubensak
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neuronal Cell Biology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Ren Y, Mehranpour P, Moshtaghi O, Schwartz MS, Friedman RA. Opioid Prescribing Patterns After Skull Base Surgery for Vestibular Schwannoma. Otol Neurotol 2022; 43:e116-e121. [PMID: 34889846 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive opioid prescription is a source of prescription diversion and could contribute to chronic opioid abuse. This study describes the opioid prescribing patterns and risk factors for additional opioid prescription after surgical resection of vestibular schwannoma (VS). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Single tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Adult VS patients undergoing surgical resection between May 2019 and March 2020. INTERVENTIONS Opioid use postoperatively and up to 60 days following surgery were characterized from medical records and by querying the state-wide Controlled Substance Utilization Review and Evaluation System. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The presence of additional opioid prescriptions within 60 days of surgery. RESULTS A total of 109 patients (mean age 50 yrs, 65.5% female) were prescribed an average of 138.2 ± 117.8 mg of morphine equivalents (MME). Twenty-two (20.9%) required additional prescriptions of 163.2 ± 103.2 MME. Age, gender, tumor size, or surgical approach (translabyrinthine, retrosigmoid, versus middle fossa) were not associated with additional prescriptions. Patients with additional prescriptions had higher body mass index (BMI 28.8 vs. 25.8 kg/m2, p = 0.015) and required more opioid medications during hospitalization (51.8 vs. 29.1 MME, p = 0.002). On multivariate logistic regression, higher BMI (odds ratio [OR] 1.32; p = 0.001), history of headaches (OR 11.9, p = 0.011), and history of opioid use (OR 29.3, p = 0.008) were associated with additional prescription. CONCLUSIONS Additional opioid prescriptions may be necessary in a portion of VS patients undergoing surgery. The choice of surgical approach is not associated with excess opioid requirements. Patients with higher BMI, history of headaches, or preoperative opioid use may require additional prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ren
- Division of Otology, Neurotology and Cranial Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | | | - Omid Moshtaghi
- Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | - Marc S Schwartz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rick A Friedman
- Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery
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27
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The activation of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase by oxidative stress is related to hyperphagia in diabetic rats. Neuroreport 2021; 33:72-80. [PMID: 34954771 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During diabetes, there are increased blood glucose levels and oxidative stress. The relationship between oxidative stress and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase at the hypothalamic level has been little studied. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between oxidative stress and AMP-activated protein kinase activation in Wistar rats with hyperphagia and hyperglycemia. METHODS Rats at 7, 14, and 28 days with diabetes were used. Control rats were included. Food intake was calculated to determine hyperphagia. The hypothalamus was extracted to evaluate oxidative stress markers by spectrophotometry; phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, growth hormone receptor 1a, and neuropeptide Y expression were determined by Western blot. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the consumption of food in the experimental groups. The level of malondialdehyde decreased in the 7-day group (33%) and increased significantly in the 28-day group (90%), glutathione peroxidase activity increased in the 7-day group (70%) and decreased in the 28-day group (34%), and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase increased significantly in the 28-day group (86%). Under ex-vivo conditions in animals with 28 days of hyperglycemia, glutathione peroxidase activity increased 195%, the malondialdehyde level decreased 87%, phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase decreased 53%, and growth hormone receptor 1a expression decreased 66%, when treating hyperglycemic hypothalamic tissue with an antioxidant. NPY expression increased in hyperglycemia, and antioxidant treatment did not regulate its expression. CONCLUSIONS The activation of AMP-activated protein kinase is related with an increase in oxidative stress markers in hyperglycemic and hyperphagic rats.
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28
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Bhusal A, Rahman MH, Suk K. Hypothalamic inflammation in metabolic disorders and aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:32. [PMID: 34910246 PMCID: PMC11071926 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a critical brain region for the regulation of energy homeostasis. Over the years, studies on energy metabolism primarily focused on the neuronal component of the hypothalamus. Studies have recently uncovered the vital role of glial cells as an additional player in energy balance regulation. However, their inflammatory activation under metabolic stress condition contributes to various metabolic diseases. The recruitment of monocytes and macrophages in the hypothalamus helps sustain such inflammation and worsens the disease state. Neurons were found to actively participate in hypothalamic inflammatory response by transmitting signals to the surrounding non-neuronal cells. This activation of different cell types in the hypothalamus leads to chronic, low-grade inflammation, impairing energy balance and contributing to defective feeding habits, thermogenesis, and insulin and leptin signaling, eventually leading to metabolic disorders (i.e., diabetes, obesity, and hypertension). The hypothalamus is also responsible for the causation of systemic aging under metabolic stress. A better understanding of the multiple factors contributing to hypothalamic inflammation, the role of the different hypothalamic cells, and their crosstalks may help identify new therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on the role of glial cells in establishing a cause-effect relationship between hypothalamic inflammation and the development of metabolic diseases. We also cover the role of other cell types and discuss the possibilities and challenges of targeting hypothalamic inflammation as a valid therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Thakur P, Shrivastava R, Shrivastava VK. Effects of oxytocin and antagonist antidote atosiban on body weight and food intake of female mice, Mus musculus. Metabol Open 2021; 12:100146. [PMID: 34825159 PMCID: PMC8603196 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that oxytocin (OT) plays an important factor for the control of food intake, body weight, and energy metabolism in human and non-human animals. It has reported previously, the downregulation in oxytocin receptors (OTRs) expression is linked with the development of obesity, but exogenous OT reverse body weight and food intake in obese animal model. It is important to know that, whether intraperitoneal administration crosses blood brain barrier. Therefore, in the present experiment, we study the impact of intraperitoneal administration of synthetic OT 0.0116 mg/kg and antagonist atosiban (OTA) 1 mg/kg on food intake, and body weight of female mice, Mus musculus for different duration i.e. 30, 60, and 90 days. In this study, it was observed that there was significant decrease (p<0.001, one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA]) in the body weight (BW), food intake, and gonadosmatic indices (GSI) after the intraperitoneal exposure of OT at dose 0.0116 mg/kg up to 90 days and inhibits via antagonist atosiban. These results indicates that intraperitoneal administration of OT can be used for treatment for longer duration without any side effects and maintains homeostasis in physiologic system regulates body weight and gonadal weight in female mice, which represent an important therapeutic tool for the obesity and metabolic disorder in female.
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Key Words
- AN, Arcuate Nucleus
- ANOVA, One-Way Analysis of Variance
- BBB, Blood Brain Barrier
- BW, Body Weight
- Body weight
- CNS, Central Nervous System
- Energy metabolism
- Food intake
- GI, Gastrointestinal
- GPCR, G-Protein Coupled Receptor
- GSI, Gonadosomatic Indices
- Gonadosomatic indices
- HPG, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis
- I.P., Intraperitoneal
- ICV, Intracerebroventricular
- NTS, Nucleus Tractus Solitarius
- OT, Oxytocin
- OTA, Antagonist Atosiban
- OTRs, Oxytocin Receptors
- Oxytocin
- PCOS, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- PVN, Paraventricular Nuclei
- SEM, Standard Error of Mean
- SIM1, Single Minded 1 Gene
- SON, Supraoptic Nuclei
- VP, Vasopressin
- VTA, Ventral Tegmental Area
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Thakur
- Endocrinology Unit, Bioscience Department, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | - Renu Shrivastava
- Zoology Department, Sri Sathya Sai, College for Women, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 262024, India
| | - Vinoy K Shrivastava
- Endocrinology Unit, Bioscience Department, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
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30
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Jašarević E, Hill EM, Kane PJ, Rutt L, Gyles T, Folts L, Rock KD, Howard CD, Morrison KE, Ravel J, Bale TL. The composition of human vaginal microbiota transferred at birth affects offspring health in a mouse model. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6289. [PMID: 34725359 PMCID: PMC8560944 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborns are colonized by maternal microbiota that is essential for offspring health and development. The composition of these pioneer communities exhibits individual differences, but the importance of this early-life heterogeneity to health outcomes is not understood. Here we validate a human microbiota-associated model in which fetal mice are cesarean delivered and gavaged with defined human vaginal microbial communities. This model replicates the inoculation that occurs during vaginal birth and reveals lasting effects on offspring metabolism, immunity, and the brain in a community-specific manner. This microbial effect is amplified by prior gestation in a maternal obesogenic or vaginal dysbiotic environment where placental and fetal ileum development are altered, and an augmented immune response increases rates of offspring mortality. Collectively, we describe a translationally relevant model to examine the defined role of specific human microbial communities on offspring health outcomes, and demonstrate that the prenatal environment dramatically shapes the postnatal response to inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldin Jašarević
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Hill
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Patrick J Kane
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lindsay Rutt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Trevonn Gyles
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lillian Folts
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kylie D Rock
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Christopher D Howard
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kathleen E Morrison
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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31
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Aspesi D, Farinetti A, Marraudino M, Morgan GSK, Marzola E, Abbate-Daga G, Gotti S. Maternal separation alters the reward system of activity-based anorexia rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 133:105393. [PMID: 34481327 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal separation (MS) is a known chronic stressor in the postnatal period and when associated with another paradigm like the activity-based anorexia (ABA) rat model, causes different effects in the two sexes. In ABA females, the separation leads to increased hyperactivity and anxiety reduction, whereas, in males, the separation induces decreased locomotor activity without similar reduction of anxiety-like behaviors as observed in females. To understand the mechanisms altered by MS in synergy with the induction of the anorexic-like phenotype, we considered the reward system, which involves neurons synthesizing dopamine (DA) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), substantia nigra pars compacta, and serotoninergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Moreover, we analyzed the orexin circuit in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), which affects DA synthesis in the VTA and is also known to regulate food consumption and locomotor activity. Rats of both sexes were exposed to the two paradigms (MS and ABA), leading to four experimental groups for each sex: non-separated control (CON), non-separated ABA groups (ABA), MS control (MSCON), and MS plus ABA groups (MSABA). Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to determine quantitative differences in the number of cells expressing DA, orexin, and serotonin (5-HT) among the experimental groups. The results showed that, in the DA system, the effect of MS was more evident in females than in males, with a substantial increase in DA cells in the VTA of MSABA. However, the analysis of the orexin system revealed a similar cellular increment in the LHA in the non-separated ABA groups of both sexes. Regarding 5-HT, there was an opposite effect in males and females of the MSABA groups, with only females showing a greater density of 5-HT cells. The changes in the reward system could partially explain the behavioral data: the hyperactivity, weight loss, and decreased anxiety levels of the MSABA females could be linked to an increase in DA and 5-HT cells, whereas in males, MS could mitigate the behavioral effects of the ABA protocol affecting the anxiety levels and locomotor activity through a lack of increased activation of the reward system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Aspesi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada.
| | - Alice Farinetti
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; NICO - Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy.
| | - Marilena Marraudino
- NICO - Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy.
| | - Godstime Stephen Kojo Morgan
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; NICO - Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy.
| | - Enrica Marzola
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; Eating Disorders Center of the "Città della Salute e della Scienza" Hospital, University of Turin, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Abbate-Daga
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; Eating Disorders Center of the "Città della Salute e della Scienza" Hospital, University of Turin, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gotti
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; NICO - Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy.
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32
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Luo JJ, Wen FJ, Qiu D, Wang SZ. Nesfatin-1 in lipid metabolism and lipid-related diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 522:23-30. [PMID: 34389280 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1, an anorexic neuropeptide discovered in 2006, is widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. It has been shown to be involved in the regulation of food intake and lipid metabolism, inhibiting fat accumulation, accelerating lipid decomposition, and in general, inhibiting the development of lipid-related diseases, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. Potential mechanisms of Nesfatin-1 action in lipid metabolism and lipid-related diseases will be discussed as well as its role as a biomarker in cardiovascular disease. This review expected to provide a new strategy for the diagnosis and prevention of clinically related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Feng-Jiao Wen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Department of Cell Biology and Geneties, University of South China, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Dan Qiu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shu-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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33
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Jeong JK, Dow SA, Young CN. Sensory Circumventricular Organs, Neuroendocrine Control, and Metabolic Regulation. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080494. [PMID: 34436435 PMCID: PMC8402088 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system is critical in metabolic regulation, and accumulating evidence points to a distributed network of brain regions involved in energy homeostasis. This is accomplished, in part, by integrating peripheral and central metabolic information and subsequently modulating neuroendocrine outputs through the paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. However, these hypothalamic nuclei are generally protected by a blood-brain-barrier limiting their ability to directly sense circulating metabolic signals—pointing to possible involvement of upstream brain nuclei. In this regard, sensory circumventricular organs (CVOs), brain sites traditionally recognized in thirst/fluid and cardiovascular regulation, are emerging as potential sites through which circulating metabolic substances influence neuroendocrine control. The sensory CVOs, including the subfornical organ, organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, and area postrema, are located outside the blood-brain-barrier, possess cellular machinery to sense the metabolic interior milieu, and establish complex neural networks to hypothalamic neuroendocrine nuclei. Here, evidence for a potential role of sensory CVO-hypothalamic neuroendocrine networks in energy homeostasis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Colin N. Young
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-202-994-9575; Fax: +1-202-994-287
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34
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Hypothalamic primary cilium: A hub for metabolic homeostasis. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1109-1115. [PMID: 34211092 PMCID: PMC8333261 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem that is associated with adverse consequences such as the development of metabolic disorders, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and type 2 diabetes. A major cause of obesity is metabolic imbalance, which results from insufficient physical activity and excess energy intake. Understanding the pathogenesis of obesity, as well as other metabolic disorders, is important in the development of methods for prevention and therapy. The coordination of energy balance takes place in the hypothalamus, a major brain region that maintains body homeostasis. The primary cilium is an organelle that has recently received attention because of its role in controlling energy balance in the hypothalamus. Defects in proteins required for ciliary function and formation, both in humans and in mice, have been shown to cause various metabolic disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of the critical functions of primary cilia, particularly in hypothalamic areas, and briefly summarize the studies on the primary roles of cilia in specific neurons relating to metabolic homeostasis.
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35
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Myers MG, Affinati AH, Richardson N, Schwartz MW. Central nervous system regulation of organismal energy and glucose homeostasis. Nat Metab 2021; 3:737-750. [PMID: 34158655 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence implicates the brain in the regulation of both immediate fuel availability (for example, circulating glucose) and long-term energy stores (that is, adipose tissue mass). Rather than viewing the adipose tissue and glucose control systems separately, we suggest that the brain systems that control them are components of a larger, highly integrated, 'fuel homeostasis' control system. This conceptual framework, along with new insights into the organization and function of distinct neuronal systems, provides a context within which to understand how metabolic homeostasis is achieved in both basal and postprandial states. We also review evidence that dysfunction of the central fuel homeostasis system contributes to the close association between obesity and type 2 diabetes, with the goal of identifying more effective treatment options for these common metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Myers
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alison H Affinati
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicole Richardson
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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36
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Plassmann H, Schelski DS, Simon MC, Koban L. How we decide what to eat: Toward an interdisciplinary model of gut-brain interactions. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2021; 13:e1562. [PMID: 33977675 PMCID: PMC9286667 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Everyday dietary decisions have important short‐term and long‐term consequences for health and well‐being. How do we decide what to eat, and what physiological and neurobiological systems are involved in those decisions? Here, we integrate findings from thus‐far separate literatures: (a) the cognitive neuroscience of dietary decision‐making, and (b) growing evidence of gut–brain interactions and especially influences of the gut microbiome on diet and health outcomes. We review findings that suggest that dietary decisions and food consumption influence nutrient sensing, homeostatic signaling in the gut, and the composition of the gut microbiome. In turn, the microbiome can influence host health and behavior. Through reward signaling pathways, the microbiome could potentially affect food and drink decisions. Such bidirectional links between gut microbiome and the brain systems underlying dietary decision‐making may lead to self‐reinforcing feedback loops that determine long‐term dietary patterns, body mass, and health outcomes. This article is categorized under:Economics > Individual Decision‐Making Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilke Plassmann
- Marketing Area, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France.,Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Stephanie Schelski
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (IEL), Nutrition and Microbiota, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leonie Koban
- Marketing Area, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France.,Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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37
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de Lima JBM, Ubah C, Debarba LK, Ayyar I, Didyuk O, Sadagurski M. Hypothalamic GHR-SIRT1 Axis in Fasting. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040891. [PMID: 33919674 PMCID: PMC8069818 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many aspects of physiological functions are controlled by the hypothalamus, a brain region that connects the neuroendocrine system to whole-body metabolism. Growth hormone (GH) and the GH receptor (GHR) are expressed in hypothalamic regions known to participate in the regulation of feeding and whole-body energy homeostasis. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is the most conserved mamma-lian nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylase that plays a key role in controlling life span and sensing nutrient availability in the hypothalamus in response to caloric restriction. However, the interaction between GHR signaling and SIRT1 in the hypothal-amus is not established. In the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus, the anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons and the orexigenic agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons are the major regulators of feeding and energy expenditure. We show that in the ARC, the majority of GHR-expressing neurons also express SIRT1 and respond to fasting by upregulating SIRT1 expression. Accordingly, hypothalamic upregulation of SIRT1 in response to fasting is blunted in animals with GHR deletion in the AgRP neurons (AgRPEYFPΔGHR). Our data thus reveal a novel interaction between GH and SIRT1 in responses to fasting.
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38
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Frare C, Drew KL. Seasonal changes in adenosine kinase in tanycytes of the Arctic ground squirrel (Urocitellus parryii). J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 113:101920. [PMID: 33515665 PMCID: PMC8091519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hibernation is a seasonal strategy to conserve energy, characterized by modified thermoregulation, an increase in sleep pressure and drastic metabolic changes. Glial cells such as astrocytes and tanycytes are the brain metabolic sensors, but it remains unknown whether they contribute to seasonal expression of hibernation. The onset of hibernation is controlled by an undefined endogenous circannual rhythm in which adenosine plays a role through the activation of the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR). Seasonal changes in brain levels of adenosine may contribute to an increase in A1AR sensitivity leading to the onset of hibernation. The primary regulator of extracellular adenosine concentration is adenosine kinase, which is located in astrocytes. Using immunohistochemistry to localize and quantify adenosine kinase in Arctic ground squirrels' brain collected during different seasons, we report lower expression of adenosine kinase in the third ventricle tanycytes in winter compared to summer; a similar change was not seen in astrocytes. Moreover, for the first time, we describe adenosine kinase expression in tanycyte cell bodies in the hypothalamus and in the area postrema, both brain regions involved in energy homeostasis. Next we describe seasonal changes in tanycyte morphology in the hypothalamus. Although still speculative, our findings contribute to a model whereby adenosine kinase in tanycytes regulates seasonal changes in extracellular concentration of adenosine underling the seasonal expression of hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Frare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive Rm. 194, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6160, USA; Institute of Arctic Biology, Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2140 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000 USA
| | - K L Drew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive Rm. 194, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6160, USA; Institute of Arctic Biology, Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2140 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000 USA.
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39
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The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus: an integrative node underlying homeostatic behavior. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:538-549. [PMID: 33775435 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Early anatomical evidence suggested that the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) regulates arousal, as well as emotional and motivated behaviors. We discuss recent studies using modern techniques which now confirm and expand the involvement of the rodent PVT in these functions. Despite the emerging notion that the PVT is implicated in various behavioral processes, a recurrent theme is that activity in this brain region depends on internal state information arriving from the hypothalamus and brainstem, and is influenced by prior experience. We propose that the primary function of the PVT is to detect homeostatic challenges by integrating information about prior experiences, competing needs, and internal state to guide adaptive behavioral responses aimed at restoring homeostasis.
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40
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Deficiency of Tristetraprolin Triggers Hyperthermia through Enhancing Hypothalamic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073328. [PMID: 33805094 PMCID: PMC8037390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP), an RNA-binding protein, controls the stability of RNA by capturing AU-rich elements on their target genes. It has recently been identified that TTP serves as an anti-inflammatory protein by guiding the unstable mRNAs of pro-inflammatory proteins in multiple cells. However, it has not yet been investigated whether TTP affects the inflammatory responses in the hypothalamus. Since hypothalamic inflammation is tightly coupled to the disturbance of energy homeostasis, we designed the current study to investigate whether TTP regulates hypothalamic inflammation and thereby affects energy metabolism by utilizing TTP-deficient mice. We observed that deficiency of TTP led to enhanced hypothalamic inflammation via stimulation of a variety of pro-inflammatory genes. In addition, microglial activation occurred in the hypothalamus, which was accompanied by an enhanced inflammatory response. In line with these molecular and cellular observations, we finally confirmed that deficiency of TTP results in elevated core body temperature and energy expenditure. Taken together, our findings unmask novel roles of hypothalamic TTP on energy metabolism, which is linked to inflammatory responses in hypothalamic microglial cells.
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41
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Tomov MS, Schulz E, Gershman SJ. Multi-task reinforcement learning in humans. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:764-773. [PMID: 33510391 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-01035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability to transfer knowledge across tasks and generalize to novel ones is an important hallmark of human intelligence. Yet not much is known about human multitask reinforcement learning. We study participants' behaviour in a two-step decision-making task with multiple features and changing reward functions. We compare their behaviour with two algorithms for multitask reinforcement learning, one that maps previous policies and encountered features to new reward functions and one that approximates value functions across tasks, as well as to standard model-based and model-free algorithms. Across three exploratory experiments and a large preregistered confirmatory experiment, our results provide evidence that participants who are able to learn the task use a strategy that maps previously learned policies to novel scenarios. These results enrich our understanding of human reinforcement learning in complex environments with changing task demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momchil S Tomov
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Eric Schulz
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Samuel J Gershman
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Brains, Minds and Machines, Cambridge, MA, USA
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42
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Tibolone regulates systemic metabolism and the expression of sex hormone receptors in the central nervous system of ovariectomised rats fed with high-fat and high-fructose diet. Brain Res 2020; 1748:147096. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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43
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Vail GM, Roepke TA. Organophosphate Flame Retardants Excite Arcuate Melanocortin Circuitry and Increase Neuronal Sensitivity to Ghrelin in Adult Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5910086. [PMID: 32961558 PMCID: PMC7575050 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are a class of chemicals that have become near ubiquitous in the modern environment. While OPFRs provide valuable protection against flammability of household items, they are increasingly implicated as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). We previously reported that exposure to a mixture of OPFRs causes sex-dependent disruptions of energy homeostasis through alterations in ingestive behavior and activity in adult mice. Because feeding behavior and energy expenditure are largely coordinated by the hypothalamus, we hypothesized that OPFR disruption of energy homeostasis may occur through EDC action on melanocortin circuitry within the arcuate nucleus. To this end, we exposed male and female transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein in either neuropeptide Y (NPY) or proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons to a common mixture of OPFRs (triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate; each 1 mg/kg bodyweight/day) for 4 weeks. We then electrophysiologically examined neuronal properties using whole-cell patch clamp technique. OPFR exposure depolarized the resting membrane of NPY neurons and dampened a hyperpolarizing K+ current known as the M-current within the same neurons from female mice. These neurons were further demonstrated to have increased sensitivity to ghrelin excitation, which more potently reduced the M-current in OPFR-exposed females. POMC neurons from female mice exhibited elevated baseline excitability and are indicated in receiving greater excitatory synaptic input when exposed to OPFRs. Together, these data support a sex-selective effect of OPFRs to increase neuronal output from the melanocortin circuitry governing feeding behavior and energy expenditure, and give reason for further examination of OPFR impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyndolin M Vail
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Nutrition, Microbiome, and Health, and New Jersey Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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44
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Debarba LK, Mulka A, Lima JBM, Didyuk O, Fakhoury P, Koshko L, Awada AA, Zhang K, Klueh U, Sadagurski M. Acarbose protects from central and peripheral metabolic imbalance induced by benzene exposure. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:87-99. [PMID: 32505715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzene is a well-known human carcinogen that is one of the major components of air pollution. Sources of benzene in ambient air include cigarette smoke, e-cigarettes vaping, and evaporation of benzene containing petrol processes. While the carcinogenic effects of benzene exposure have been well studied, less is known about the metabolic effects of benzene exposure. We show that chronic exposure to benzene at low levels induces a severe metabolic imbalance in a sex-specific manner, and is associated with hypothalamic inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Benzene exposure rapidly activates hypothalamic ER stress and neuroinflammatory responses in male mice, while pharmacological inhibition of ER stress response by inhibiting IRE1α-XBP1 pathway significantly alleviates benzene-induced glial inflammatory responses. Additionally, feeding mice with Acarbose, a clinically available anti-diabetes drug, protected against benzene induced central and peripheral metabolic imbalance. Acarbose imitates the slowing of dietary carbohydrate digestion, suggesting that choosing a diet with a low glycemic index might be a potential strategy for reducing the negative metabolic effect of chronic exposure to benzene for smokers or people living/working in urban environments with high concentrations of exposure to automobile exhausts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Debarba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - A Mulka
- Biomedical Engineering, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - J B M Lima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - O Didyuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - P Fakhoury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - L Koshko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - A A Awada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - K Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - U Klueh
- Biomedical Engineering, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - M Sadagurski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
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45
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Kannangara JR, Henstridge MA, Parsons LM, Kondo S, Mirth CK, Warr CG. A New Role for Neuropeptide F Signaling in Controlling Developmental Timing and Body Size in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2020; 216:135-144. [PMID: 32675276 PMCID: PMC7463290 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As juvenile animals grow, their behavior, physiology, and development need to be matched to environmental conditions to ensure they survive to adulthood. However, we know little about how behavior and physiology are integrated with development to achieve this outcome. Neuropeptides are prime candidates for achieving this due to their well-known signaling functions in controlling many aspects of behavior, physiology, and development in response to environmental cues. In the growing Drosophila larva, while several neuropeptides have been shown to regulate feeding behavior, and a handful to regulate growth, it is unclear if any of these play a global role in coordinating feeding behavior with developmental programs. Here, we demonstrate that Neuropeptide F Receptor (NPFR), best studied as a conserved regulator of feeding behavior from insects to mammals, also regulates development in Drosophila Knocking down NPFR in the prothoracic gland, which produces the steroid hormone ecdysone, generates developmental delay and an extended feeding period, resulting in increased body size. We show that these effects are due to decreased ecdysone production, as these animals have reduced expression of ecdysone biosynthesis genes and lower ecdysone titers. Moreover, these phenotypes can be rescued by feeding larvae food supplemented with ecdysone. Further, we show that NPFR negatively regulates the insulin signaling pathway in the prothoracic gland to achieve these effects. Taken together, our data demonstrate that NPFR signaling plays a key role in regulating animal development, and may, thus, play a global role in integrating feeding behavior and development in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade R Kannangara
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Linda M Parsons
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Shu Kondo
- Invertebrate Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Christen K Mirth
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Coral G Warr
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
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46
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Vail GM, Walley SN, Yasrebi A, Maeng A, Conde KN, Roepke TA. The interactions of diet-induced obesity and organophosphate flame retardant exposure on energy homeostasis in adult male and female mice. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 83:438-455. [PMID: 32546061 PMCID: PMC7337410 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1777235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Previously, sex-dependent alterations in energy homeostasis were reported in adult mice fed a standard chow attributed to exposure to a mixture of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) via estrogen receptors (ERα). In this study, adult male and female mice (C57BL/6J; Taconic) were treated with the same mixture of OPFRs (1 mg/kg each of tricresyl phosphate (TCP), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), and tris(1-3-dichloro-2propyl)phosphate (TDCPP)) for 7 weeks on a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% kcal fat) or a high fat (HFD, 45% kcal fat) in a diet-induced obesity model. Consistent with our previous observations, OPFRs altered weight gain in males, differentially with diet, while females remained unaffected. OPFR treatment also revealed sex-dependent perturbations in metabolic activity. During the night (approximately 0100-0400 hr), males exhibited elevated activity and oxygen consumption, while in females these parameters were decreased, irrespective of diet. OPFR disrupted feeding behavior and abolished diurnal water intake patterns in females while increasing nighttime fluid consumption in males. Despite no marked effect of OPFRs on glucose or insulin tolerance, OPFR treatment altered circulating insulin and leptin in females and ghrelin in males. Data indicate that adult OPFR exposure might influence, and perhaps exacerbate, the effects of diet-induced obesity in adult mice by altering activity, ingestive behavior, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyndolin M. Vail
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
| | - Sabrina N. Walley
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
| | - Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
| | - Angela Maeng
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
| | - Kristie N. Conde
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
| | - Troy A. Roepke
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
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47
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Orthofer M, Valsesia A, Mägi R, Wang QP, Kaczanowska J, Kozieradzki I, Leopoldi A, Cikes D, Zopf LM, Tretiakov EO, Demetz E, Hilbe R, Boehm A, Ticevic M, Nõukas M, Jais A, Spirk K, Clark T, Amann S, Lepamets M, Neumayr C, Arnold C, Dou Z, Kuhn V, Novatchkova M, Cronin SJF, Tietge UJF, Müller S, Pospisilik JA, Nagy V, Hui CC, Lazovic J, Esterbauer H, Hagelkruys A, Tancevski I, Kiefer FW, Harkany T, Haubensak W, Neely GG, Metspalu A, Hager J, Gheldof N, Penninger JM. Identification of ALK in Thinness. Cell 2020; 181:1246-1262.e22. [PMID: 32442405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable inter-individual variability in susceptibility to weight gain despite an equally obesogenic environment in large parts of the world. Whereas many studies have focused on identifying the genetic susceptibility to obesity, we performed a GWAS on metabolically healthy thin individuals (lowest 6th percentile of the population-wide BMI spectrum) in a uniquely phenotyped Estonian cohort. We discovered anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) as a candidate thinness gene. In Drosophila, RNAi mediated knockdown of Alk led to decreased triglyceride levels. In mice, genetic deletion of Alk resulted in thin animals with marked resistance to diet- and leptin-mutation-induced obesity. Mechanistically, we found that ALK expression in hypothalamic neurons controls energy expenditure via sympathetic control of adipose tissue lipolysis. Our genetic and mechanistic experiments identify ALK as a thinness gene, which is involved in the resistance to weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Orthofer
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Armand Valsesia
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | | | - Ivona Kozieradzki
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Alexandra Leopoldi
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Domagoj Cikes
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Lydia M Zopf
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH (VBCF), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Evgenii O Tretiakov
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Anna Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Melita Ticevic
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Margit Nõukas
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Alexander Jais
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Katrin Spirk
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Teleri Clark
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sabine Amann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Maarja Lepamets
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | | | - Cosmas Arnold
- IMP, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Zhengchao Dou
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Volker Kuhn
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | | | - Shane J F Cronin
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Vanja Nagy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chi-Chung Hui
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jelena Lazovic
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH (VBCF), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Florian W Kiefer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria; Section for Chemical Neurotransmission, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Solnavägen 9, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Wulf Haubensak
- IMP, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - G Gregory Neely
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Jorg Hager
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Nele Gheldof
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria; Department of Medical Genetics, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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48
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Vasquez JH, Borniger JC. Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Consequences of Hyperglycemia in Cancer. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5810322. [PMID: 32193527 PMCID: PMC7174055 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer is the disruption of cellular metabolism during the course of malignant growth. Major focus is now on how these cell-autonomous processes propagate to the tumor microenvironment and, more generally, to the entire host system. This chain of events can have major consequences for a patient's health and wellbeing. For example, metabolic "waste" produced by cancer cells activates systemic inflammatory responses, which can interfere with hepatic insulin receptor signaling and glucose homeostasis. Research is just now beginning to understand how these processes occur, and how they contribute to systemic symptoms prevalent across cancers, including hyperglycemia, fatigue, pain, and sleep disruption. Indeed, it is only recently that we have begun to appreciate that the brain does not play a passive role in responding to cancer-induced changes in physiology. In this review, we provide a brief discussion of how oncogene-directed metabolic reprogramming disrupts host metabolism, with a specific emphasis on cancer-induced hyperglycemia. We further discuss how the brain senses circulating glucose concentrations and how this process goes awry as a response to distant neoplastic growth. Finally, as glucose-sensing neurons control diverse aspects of physiology and behavior, we link cancer-induced changes in energy balance to neuroendocrine and behavioral consequences for the host organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan H Vasquez
- Department of Biology, University of Texas – San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jeremy C Borniger
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
- Correspondence: Jeremy C. Borniger, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724. E-mail:
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49
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Nogi Y, Ahasan MM, Murata Y, Taniguchi M, Sha MFR, Ijichi C, Yamaguchi M. Expression of feeding-related neuromodulatory signalling molecules in the mouse central olfactory system. Sci Rep 2020; 10:890. [PMID: 31964903 PMCID: PMC6972952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various neural systems cooperate in feeding behaviour, and olfaction plays crucial roles in detecting and evaluating food objects. While odour-mediated feeding behaviour is highly adaptive and influenced by metabolic state, hedonic cues and learning processes, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Feeding behaviour is regulated by orexigenic and anorexigenic neuromodulatory molecules. However, knowledge of their roles especially in higher olfactory areas is limited. Given the potentiation of feeding behaviour in hunger state, we systemically examined the expression of feeding-related neuromodulatory molecules in food-restricted mice through quantitative PCR, in the olfactory bulb (OB), olfactory tubercle (OT), and remaining olfactory cortical area (OC). The OT was further divided into attraction-related anteromedial, aversion-related lateral and remaining central regions. Examination of 23 molecules including neuropeptides, opioids, cannabinoids, and their receptors as well as signalling molecules showed that they had different expression patterns, with many showing elevated expression in the OT, especially in the anteromedial and central OT. Further, in mice trained with odour-food association, the expression was significantly altered and the increase or decrease of a given molecule varied among areas. These results suggest that different olfactory areas are regulated separately by feeding-related molecules, which contributes to the adaptive regulation of feeding behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Nogi
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Md Monjurul Ahasan
- Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Murata
- Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Taniguchi
- Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Md Fazley Rabbi Sha
- Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Chiori Ijichi
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
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50
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Chen J, Chen V, Kawamura T, Hoang I, Yang Y, Wong AT, McBride R, Repunte-Canonigo V, Millhauser GL, Sanna PP. Charge Characteristics of Agouti-Related Protein Implicate Potent Involvement of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Metabolic Function. iScience 2019; 22:557-570. [PMID: 31863782 PMCID: PMC6928319 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous melanocortin peptide agouti-related protein (AgRP) plays a well-known role in foraging, but its contribution to metabolic regulation is less understood. Mature AgRP(83-132) has distinct residues for melanocortin receptor binding and heparan sulfate interactions. Here, we show that AgRP increases ad libitum feeding and operant responding for food in mice, decreases oxygen consumption, and lowers body temperature and activity, indicating lower energy expenditure. AgRP increased the respiratory exchange ratio, indicating a reduction of fat oxidation and a shift toward carbohydrates as the primary fuel source. The duration and intensity of AgRP's effects depended on the density of its positively charged amino acids, suggesting that its orexigenic and metabolic effects depend on its affinity for heparan sulfate. These findings may have major clinical implications by unveiling the critical involvement of interactions between AgRP and heparan sulfate to the central regulation of energy expenditure, fat utilization, and possibly their contribution to metabolic disease. AgRP increases both ad libitum and operant food intake and reduces energy expenditure AgRP reduces fat utilization as a fuel source, which promotes body fat accumulation These actions of AgRP depend on the positive charges, outside its ICK motif, that bind heparan sulfate
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihuan Chen
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Valerie Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Tomoya Kawamura
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ivy Hoang
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ashley Tess Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Ryan McBride
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Genomics Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Vez Repunte-Canonigo
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Glenn L Millhauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Pietro Paolo Sanna
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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