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Waller SB, Ripoll MK, Pierobom RM, Rodrigues PRC, Costa PPC, Pinto FDCL, Pessoa ODL, Gomes ADR, de Faria RO, Cleff MB. Screening of alkaloids and withanolides isolated from Solanaceae plants for antifungal properties against non-wild type Sporothrix brasiliensis. J Mycol Med 2024; 34:101451. [PMID: 38043164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Antifungal resistance has often been found in animal sporotrichosis in Southern Brazil. The biological potential of compounds from plants of the Solanaceae family against infectious diseases is known, however, it is still unknown against Sporothrix brasiliensis. This study evaluated the anti-Sporothrix brasiliensis activity, synergism, cytotoxicity, and action mechanism of steroidal lactones (withanolides) and alkaloids isolated from these plants. Pure compounds of withanolide D (WNOD), physalin F (PHYF), withanicandin (WNIC), nicandin B (NICB), solasonine (SSON), and solamargine (SMAR) were tested against 12 Sporothrix brasiliensis isolated from cats (n = 11) and dogs (n = 2) through M38-A2 CLSI. For the compounds with the best activity, a checkerboard assay for synergism, sorbitol protection, and ergosterol effect for action mechanism; and MTT test for cytotoxicity were performed. The withanolides WNOD, PHYF, WNIC, and NICB were not antifungal, but SSON (MIC 0.125-1 mg/mL) and SMAR (MIC 0.5-1 mg/mL) were both fungistatic and fungicidal (MFC 0.5-1 mg/mL for both) against wild-type (WT) and non-WT isolates. The activity of SSON and SMAR was indifferent when combined with itraconazole. In the mechanism of action, cell wall and plasma membrane by complexation with ergosterol seemed to be two target structures of SSON and SMAR. SSON was selected for cytotoxicity, whose cell viability in MDBK cells ranged from 28.85 % to 101.75 %, and was higher than 87.49 % at concentrations ≤0.0015 mg/ml. Only the steroidal alkaloids SSON and SMAR were active against non-WT isolates, being promising antifungal candidates for the treatment of feline and canine sporotrichosis with low susceptibility to itraconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Bressan Waller
- Center for Diagnostics and Research in Veterinary Mycology, Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas/RS, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas/RS, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Kutscher Ripoll
- Center for Diagnostics and Research in Veterinary Mycology, Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas/RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Marques Pierobom
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas/RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Centeno Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas/RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Priscila Correia Costa
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas/RS, Brazil
| | - Francisco das Chagas Lima Pinto
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Center of Science, Federal University of Ceará (UFC) (UFC), Fortaleza/CE, Brazil
| | - Otília Deusdênia Loiola Pessoa
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Center of Science, Federal University of Ceará (UFC) (UFC), Fortaleza/CE, Brazil
| | - Angelita Dos Reis Gomes
- Center for Diagnostics and Research in Veterinary Mycology, Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas/RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Osório de Faria
- Center for Diagnostics and Research in Veterinary Mycology, Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas/RS, Brazil
| | - Marlete Brum Cleff
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas/RS, Brazil
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Clemente I, Baglioni M, Bonechi C, Bisozzi F, Rossi C, Tamasi G. Green Hydrogels Loaded with Extracts from Solanaceae for the Controlled Disinfection of Agricultural Soils. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4455. [PMID: 38006179 PMCID: PMC10674755 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development established the goal of cutting the use of pesticides in the EU by 50% by 2030. However, a ban on pesticides could seriously affect the productivity of agriculture, resulting in severe issues due to global hunger and food deficiency. Controlled release (CR) of bioactive chemicals could play a valid alternative in this context. To this aim, two biodegradable polymers, namely sodium alginate (AL) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), were employed to obtain crosslinked hydrogel beads for the encapsulation and CR of glycoalkaloids extracted from tomato and potato leaves to be used as biocompatible disinfectants for agricultural soils. The physico-chemical characterization of the controlled-release systems was carried out by means of Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (FWI > 80%) and drying kinetics. The plant extracts and the encapsulation efficiency (~84%) were, respectively, characterized and evaluated by High-performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Finally, preliminary microbiological tests were conducted to test the efficacy of the most promising systems as biocidal formulations both in the lab and on a model soil, and interesting results were obtained in the reduction of bacterial and fungal load, which could lead to sustainable perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Clemente
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (C.R.); (G.T.)
- Siena Research Group-Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Michele Baglioni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (C.R.); (G.T.)
- Siena Research Group-Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudia Bonechi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (C.R.); (G.T.)
- Siena Research Group-Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Flavia Bisozzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (C.R.); (G.T.)
- Siena Research Group-Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudio Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (C.R.); (G.T.)
- Siena Research Group-Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tamasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (C.B.); (F.B.); (C.R.); (G.T.)
- Siena Research Group-Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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The Bio-Patina on a Hypogeum Wall of the Matera-Sassi Rupestrian Church "San Pietro Barisano" before and after Treatment with Glycoalkaloids. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010330. [PMID: 36615524 PMCID: PMC9822071 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The investigation focused on the deterioration of the walls in the hypogeum of "San Pietro Barisano" rupestrian church, located in the Matera-Sassi (Southern Italy), one of the UNESCO World Heritage sites. The study evaluated the biocide activity of a mixture of natural glycoalkaloids (GAs) extracted from the unripe fruit of Solanum nigrum and applied to clean a hypogeum wall surface in the church affected by bio-patinas. The analyzed bio-patina, collected before treatment and, at pre-established times, after treatment, showed changes in chemical composition detected by XPS, accompanied by visible discoloration and biological activity variation. The biocidal action of the glycoalkaloids mixture, directly employed on the wall surface, was effective after about four weeks for most bio-patina colonizers but not for the fungal species that can migrate and survive in the porosities of the calcarenite. Consequently, the cleaning procedure requires the integration of fungicidal actions, combined with the consolidation of the surfaces, to obtain complete bioremediation and avoid subsequent biological recolonization. SEM images and associated microanalysis of pretreated bio-patina have revealed the biocalcogenity of some autochthonous microorganisms, thus preluding to their eventual isolation and reintroduction on the wall surface to act as consolidants once the bio-cleaning phase has been completed.
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Pacifico D, Lanzanova C, Pagnotta E, Bassolino L, Mastrangelo AM, Marone D, Matteo R, Lo Scalzo R, Balconi C. Sustainable Use of Bioactive Compounds from Solanum Tuberosum and Brassicaceae Wastes and by-Products for Crop Protection-A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:2174. [PMID: 33918886 PMCID: PMC8070479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Defatted seed meals of oleaginous Brassicaceae, such as Eruca sativa, and potato peel are excellent plant matrices to recover potentially useful biomolecules from industrial processes in a circular strategy perspective aiming at crop protection. These biomolecules, mainly glycoalkaloids and phenols for potato and glucosinolates for Brassicaceae, have been proven to be effective against microbes, fungi, nematodes, insects, and even parasitic plants. Their role in plant protection is overviewed, together with the molecular basis of their synthesis in plant, and the description of their mechanisms of action. Possible genetic and biotechnological strategies are presented to increase their content in plants. Genetic mapping and identification of closely linked molecular markers are useful to identify the loci/genes responsible for their accumulation and transfer them to elite cultivars in breeding programs. Biotechnological approaches can be used to modify their allelic sequence and enhance the accumulation of the bioactive compounds. How the global challenges, such as reducing agri-food waste and increasing sustainability and food safety, could be addressed through bioprotector applications are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pacifico
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Chiara Lanzanova
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Laura Bassolino
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Mastrangelo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Daniela Marone
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Matteo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, 00198 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlotta Balconi
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 00198 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.B.); (A.M.M.); (D.M.); (C.B.); (R.M.)
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Miranda MA, Marcato PD, Carvalho IPS, Silva LB, Ribeiro DL, Amaral R, Swiech K, Bastos JK, Paschoal JAR, Dos Reis RB, Bentley MVLB. Assessing the cytotoxic potential of glycoalkaloidic extract in nanoparticles against bladder cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1520-1531. [PMID: 31385306 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study proposed to use the nanotechnology to deliver glycoalkaloidic extract (AE) to bladder cancer cells, evaluating their activity in 2D and 3D models and the biological mechanism of cell death. METHODS NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation method using polylactic acid (PLA) and characterized considering their size, charge, particle concentration and stability. The cytotoxicity was evaluated in 2D and 3D model, and the apoptosis and cell cycle were investigated using flow cytometry. KEY FINDINGS NPs loading AE (NP-AE) had diameter around 125 ± 6 nm (PdI <0.1) and negative charge. The encapsulation efficiency of SM and SS was higher than 85% for both compounds. The obtained formulation showed a significant in-vitro cytotoxic effect against RT4 cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 two fold lower than the free AE. The cytotoxic effect of NP-AE was mediated by apoptosis and cell cycle arrested in the S phase. RT4 cells cultured under 3D conditions exhibited a higher resistance to the treatments (IC50 ~ three fold higher than in 2D cell culture). CONCLUSION The NP-AE might be a promising nanocarrier to load and deliver glycoalkaloids against bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariza A Miranda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscyla D Marcato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivana P S Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia B Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego L Ribeiro
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson Amaral
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Swiech
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jairo K Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonas A R Paschoal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo B Dos Reis
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria V L B Bentley
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Clementino LDC, Velásquez AMA, Passalacqua TG, de Almeida L, Graminha MA, Martins GZ, Salgueiro L, Cavaleiro C, Sousa MDC, Moreira RR. In vitro activities of glycoalkaloids from the Solanum lycocarpum against Leishmania infantum. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Enioutina EY, Teng L, Fateeva TV, Brown JCS, Job KM, Bortnikova VV, Krepkova LV, Gubarev MI, Sherwin CMT. Phytotherapy as an alternative to conventional antimicrobials: combating microbial resistance. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2017; 10:1203-1214. [PMID: 28836870 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1371591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the modern antimicrobial era, the rapid spread of resistance to antibiotics and introduction of new and mutating viruses is a global concern. Combating antimicrobial resistant microbes (AMR) requires coordinated international efforts that incorporate new conventional antibiotic development as well as development of alternative drugs with antimicrobial activity, management of existing antimicrobials, and rapid detection of AMR pathogens. Areas covered: This manuscript discusses some conventional strategies to control microbial resistance. The main purpose of the manuscript is to present information on specific herbal medicines that may serve as good treatment alternatives to conventional antimicrobials for infections sensitive to conventional as well as resistant strains of microorganisms. Expert commentary: Identification of potential new antimicrobials is challenging; however, one source for potential structurally diverse and complex antimicrobials are natural products. Natural products may have advantages over other post-germ theory antimicrobials. Many antimicrobial herbal medicines possess simultaneous antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal and/or antiviral properties. Herbal products have the potential to boost host resistance to infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Antimicrobial broad-spectrum activity in conjunction with immunostimulatory properties may help to prevent microbial resistance to herbal medicine. As part of the efforts to broaden use of herbal medicines to treat microbial infections, pre-clinical and clinical testing guidelines of these compounds as a whole should be implemented to ensure consistency in formulation, efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yu Enioutina
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,b Department of Pathology, School of Medicine , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Lida Teng
- c Department of Drug Policy & Management (DPM), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tatyana V Fateeva
- d Center of Medicine , All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR) , Moscow , Russia
| | - Jessica C S Brown
- b Department of Pathology, School of Medicine , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Kathleen M Job
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Valentina V Bortnikova
- d Center of Medicine , All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR) , Moscow , Russia
| | - Lubov V Krepkova
- d Center of Medicine , All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR) , Moscow , Russia
| | | | - Catherine M T Sherwin
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,f Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
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Hameed A, Ijaz S, Mohammad IS, Muhammad KS, Akhtar N, Khan HMS. Aglycone solanidine and solasodine derivatives: A natural approach towards cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:446-457. [PMID: 28779706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, it was suggested that a rational approach to treat cancer in clinical settings requires a multipronged approach that augments improvement in systemic efficiency along with modification in cellular phenotype leads to more efficient cell death response. Recently, the combinatory delivery of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs with natural compounds proved to be astonishing to deal with a variety of cancers, especially that are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs. The natural compounds not only synergize the effects of chemotherapeutics but also minimize drug associated systemic toxicity. In this review, our primary focus was on antitumor effects of natural compounds. Previously, the drugs from natural sources are highly precise and safer than drugs of synthetic origins. Many natural compounds exhibit anti-cancer potentials by inducing apoptosis in different tumor models, in-vitro and in-vivo. Furthermore, natural compounds are also found equally useful in chemotherapeutic drug resistant tumors. Moreover, these Phyto-compounds also possess numerous other pharmacological properties such as antifungal, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, and hepatoprotection. Aglycone solasodine and solanidine derivatives are the utmost important steroidal glycoalkaloids that are present in various Solanum species, are discussed here. These natural compounds are highly cytotoxic against different tumor cell lines. As the molecular weight is concerned; these are smaller molecular weight chemotherapeutic agents that induce cell death response by initiating apoptosis through both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicines, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ijaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicines, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shair Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | | | - Naveed Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicines, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Haji Muhammad Shoaib Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicines, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
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Sánchez-Maldonado AF, Schieber A, Gänzle MG. Antifungal activity of secondary plant metabolites from potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.): Glycoalkaloids and phenolic acids show synergistic effects. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:955-65. [PMID: 26786886 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the antifungal effects of the potato secondary metabolites α-solanine, α-chaconine, solanidine and caffeic acid, alone or combined. METHODS AND RESULTS Resistance to glycoalkaloids varied among the fungal species tested, as derived from minimum inhibitory concentrations assays. Synergistic antifungal activity between glycoalkaloids and phenolic compounds was found. Changes in the fluidity of fungal membranes caused by potato secondary plant metabolites were determined by calculation of the generalized polarization values. The results partially explained the synergistic effect between caffeic acid and α-chaconine and supported findings on membrane disruption mechanisms from previous studies on artificial membranes. LC/MS analysis was used to determine variability and relative amounts of sterols in the different fungal species. Results suggested that the sterol pattern of fungi is related to their resistance to potato glycoalkaloids and to their taxonomy. CONCLUSION Fungal resistance to α-chaconine and possibly other glycoalkaloids is species dependent. α-Chaconine and caffeic acid show synergistic antifungal activity. The taxonomic classification and the sterol pattern play a role in fungal resistance to glycoalkaloids. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Results improve the understanding of the antifungal mode of action of potato secondary metabolites, which is essential for their potential utilization as antifungal agents in nonfood systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Sánchez-Maldonado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A Schieber
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Chair of Food Technology and Food Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M G Gänzle
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Lelario F, Labella C, Napolitano G, Scrano L, Bufo SA. Fragmentation study of major spirosolane-type glycoalkaloids by collision-induced dissociation linear ion trap and infrared multiphoton dissociation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:2395-2406. [PMID: 27593526 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Glycoalkaloids play a key role in the plant protection system against phytopathogens including fungi, viruses, bacteria, insects and worms. They can be toxic to humans if consumed in high concentrations causing gastrointestinal disturbances. METHODS The structural characterization of the major spirosolane glycoalkaloids, solasonine, solamargine, α-tomatine and dehydrotomatine, were investigated by positive electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with a hybrid linear ion trap (LIT) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of spirosolane glycoalkaloids was performed by both collision-induced dissociation (CID) within the LIT and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) in conjunction with the FTICR cell. RESULTS Several common product ions were observed, generated by losses of the sugar moiety or aglycone fragmentation in the B- or E-ring, that can provide information on the accurate mass of aglycone and the primary sequence and branching of the oligosaccharide chains. Thanks to the multistage CID it was possible to understand the fragmentation pathways and thanks to the high resolution of IRMPD-FTICR the elemental compositions of product ions were obtained. CONCLUSIONS Because the investigated tandem mass spectra data were acquired with high mass accuracy, unambiguous interpretation and determination of the chemical compositions for the majority of detected fragment ions were feasible. From these data, generalized fragmentation pathways were proposed, providing guidance for the characterization of unknown glycoalkaloids in plants. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lelario
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
| | - C Labella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - G Napolitano
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - L Scrano
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, University of Basilicata, Matera, Italy
| | - S A Bufo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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Li D, Zhao YL, Qin XJ, Liu L, Yang XW, Chen YY, Wang B, Wei X, Liu YP, Luo XD. Spiralosides A-C, Three New C27-Steroidal Glycoalkaloids from the Fruits of Solanum spirale. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2016; 6:225-31. [PMID: 27318495 PMCID: PMC4940254 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-016-0103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Three new C27-steroidal glycoalkaloids, spiralosides A-C (1-3), were obtained from the total alkaloids of Solanum spirale by chromatographic methods. On the basis of spectroscopic evidence, spiralosides A-C were elucidated as (22R,25S)-22,26-epiminocholest-5-ene-3β,16α-diol-N-acetyl-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1), (22R,25S)-22,26-epiminocholest-5-ene-3β,16α-diol-N-acetyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (2), (22R,25S)-22,26-epiminocholest-3β,16α-diol-N-acetyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (3), respectively. The total alkaloids of S. spirale have been screened for their antitussive and expectorant effects in intact animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xing-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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A New Antileishmanial Preparation of Combined Solamargine and Solasonine Heals Cutaneous Leishmaniasis through Different Immunochemical Pathways. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:2732-8. [PMID: 26883711 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02804-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Little has been done during the past 100 years to develop new antileishmanial drugs. Most infected individuals live in poor countries and have a low cash income to be attractive targets to pharmaceutical corporations. Two heterosidic steroids, solamargine and solasonine, initially identified as major components of the Brazilian plant Solanum lycocarpum, were tested for leishmanicidal activity. Both alkaloids killed intracellular and extracellular Leishmania mexicana parasites more efficiently than the reference drug sodium stibogluconate. A total of 10 μM each individual alkaloid significantly reduced parasite counts in infected macrophages and dendritic cells. In vivo treatment of C57BL/6 mice with a standardized topical preparation containing solamargine (45.1%) and solasonine (44.4%) gave significant reductions in lesion sizes and parasite counts recovered from lesions. Alkaloids present different immunochemical pathways in macrophages and dendritic cells. We conclude that this topical preparation is effective and a potential new and inexpensive treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Jared JJ, Murungi LK, Wesonga J, Torto B. Steroidal glycoalkaloids: chemical defence of edible African nightshades against the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:828-36. [PMID: 26299255 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetranychus evansi is an invasive pest of solanaceous crops in Africa, and in the field it differentially attacks edible African nightshades. The chemical basis for the differential attack on these plant species is largely unknown. Using bioassays and chemical analysis, we investigated the differential bioactivity of leaf extracts of three edible African nightshade species, Solanum sarrachoides, S. scabrum and S. villosum, on adult T. evansi females. RESULTS Only the bioactivity of the leaf extract of S. sarrachoides (LC50 7.44 mg mL(-1)) and that of its most polar fraction (LC50 5.44 mg mL(-1)) paralleled that of the positive control, neem oil (LC50 1.89 mg mL(-1)), across all doses tested. Liquid chromatography-quadruple time of flight-mass spectrometry identified a mixture of steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs), including α-solasonine, α-solamargine and derivatives of tomatine and demissine, which were neither detected in the crude extract nor in any of the fractions obtained from S. scabrum and S. villosum. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the presence of SGAs may play a key role in the differential defence of edible African nightshades against attack by T. evansi. These findings may add to the plethora of environmentally friendly tools from natural plant products for management of T. evansi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juma J Jared
- Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Department, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lucy K Murungi
- Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Department, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Wesonga
- Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Department, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
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14
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Plant defence mechanisms and enzymatic transformation products and their potential applications in food preservation: Advantages and limitations. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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15
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Bioactive Compounds Found in Brazilian Cerrado Fruits. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23760-83. [PMID: 26473827 PMCID: PMC4632725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional foods include any natural product that presents health-promoting effects, thereby reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Cerrado fruits are considered a source of bioactive substances, mainly phenolic compounds, making them important functional foods. Despite this, the losses of natural vegetation in the Cerrado are progressive. Hence, the knowledge propagation about the importance of the species found in Cerrado could contribute to the preservation of this biome. This review provides information about Cerrado fruits and highlights the structures and pharmacologic potential of functional compounds found in these fruits. Compounds detected in Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (pequi), Dipteryx alata Vog. (baru), Eugenia dysenterica DC. (cagaita), Eugenia uniflora L. (pitanga), Genipa americana L. (jenipapo), Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangaba), Mauritia flexuosa L.f. (buriti), Myrciaria cauliflora (DC) Berg (jabuticaba), Psidiumguajava L. (goiaba), Psidium spp. (araçá), Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill (lobeira), Spondias mombin L. (cajá), Annona crassiflora Mart. (araticum), among others are reported here.
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Chen P, Wang P, Liu L, Qiu P, Zhang L, Song N, Ren S, Guan H, Li M. Convergent Synthesis of Solamargine and Analogues Thereof: Structural Revision of 16-epi-Solamargine and Cytotoxic Evaluation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
| | - Peiju Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
| | - Ni Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
| | - Sumei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
| | - Huashi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
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Martins GZ, Moreira RRD, Planeta CS, Almeida AE, Bastos JK, Salgueiro L, Cavaleiro C, do Céu Sousa M. Effects of the extract and glycoalkaloids of Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill on Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S161-5. [PMID: 26109762 PMCID: PMC4461956 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.157721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Solanum lycocarpum has great importance for food and medicinal traditional use. Recently, it was also evidenced that extracts of S. lycocarpum St. Hill (Solanaceae) and its glycoalkaloids, solamargine (Sg) and solasonine (Sn), are active against flagellated protozoa. Objective: The aim was to assess the effects of the extract of S. lycocarpum and its glycoalkaloids, Sn, and Sg, on Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Materials and Methods: A crude extract (96%ethanol) (EB) of fruits of S. lycocarpum was prepared and fractionated by partition with 40%ethanol and n-hexane: Ethyl acetate. Glycoalkaloids, Sn, and Sg were recognized in the ethanol fraction (EF) and further isolated by column chromatography. EB, EF, the isolated Sn and Sg and a mixture (1:1) of both glycoalkaloids were tested on cultures of G. lamblia trophozoites and macrophages. Results: EB, EF and glycoalkaloids of S. lycocarpum showed activity against Giardia (95.0 < Inhibitory concentration 50 [IC50] ≤120.3 μg/mL). The mixture of glycoalkaloids (1:1) was more active (IC50 = 13.23 μg/mL) than each one individually, suggesting a synergic effect. Moreover, the mixture is nontoxic to macrophage cells. Conclusion: Results are optimistic concerning the anti-Giardia potential of the mixture Sn + Sg. Further studies, in vitro and in vivo, will be required to consolidate the usefulness of the mixture of Sn + Sg in view of a new therapeutic strategy for giardiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmarcio Z Martins
- UNIFEB, University Center of the Educational Foundation of Barretos, Avenida Professor Roberto Monte Frade, Barretos, São Paulo state, Brazil ; Department of Principles Natural Actives and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Estadual Paulista University, Araraquara, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Raquel R D Moreira
- Department of Principles Natural Actives and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Estadual Paulista University, Araraquara, São Paulo state, Brazil ; Center of Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga of Santa Comba, Health Science Campus, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cleopatra S Planeta
- Department of Principles Natural Actives and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Estadual Paulista University, Araraquara, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Adélia E Almeida
- Departament of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Estadual Paulista University, Araraquara, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Jairo K Bastos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Center of Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga of Santa Comba, Health Science Campus, Coimbra, Portugal ; Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marques de Pombal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- Center of Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga of Santa Comba, Health Science Campus, Coimbra, Portugal ; Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marques de Pombal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Sousa
- Center of Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga of Santa Comba, Health Science Campus, Coimbra, Portugal ; Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marques de Pombal, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Hossain MB, Rawson A, Aguiló-Aguayo I, Brunton NP, Rai DK. Recovery of steroidal alkaloids from potato peels using pressurized liquid extraction. Molecules 2015; 20:8560-73. [PMID: 25985357 PMCID: PMC6272683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20058560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A higher yield of glycoalkaloids was recovered from potato peels using pressurized liquid extraction (1.92 mg/g dried potato peels) compared to conventional solid–liquid extraction (0.981 mg/g dried potato peels). Response surface methodology deduced the optimal temperature and extracting solvent (methanol) for the pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) of glycoalkaloids as 80 °C in 89% methanol. Using these two optimum PLE conditions, levels of individual steroidal alkaloids obtained were of 597, 873, 374 and 75 µg/g dried potato peel for α-solanine, α-chaconine, solanidine and demissidine respectively. Corresponding values for solid liquid extraction were 59%, 46%, 40% and 52% lower for α-solanine, α-chaconine, solanidine and demissidine respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad B Hossain
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin D15, Ireland.
| | - Ashish Rawson
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin D15, Ireland.
- Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology, Thanjavur 613005, TN, India.
| | - Ingrid Aguiló-Aguayo
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin D15, Ireland.
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida 25003, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Nigel P Brunton
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D4, Ireland.
| | - Dilip K Rai
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin D15, Ireland.
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Yong JN, Ntie-Kang F. The chemistry and biological activities of natural products from Northern African plant families: from Ebenaceae to Solanaceae. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15377d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicinal practices significantly affect the livelihoods of populations in countries with developing economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph N. Yong
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea
- Cameroon
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea
- Cameroon
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20
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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the delivery of topical formulations containing glycoalkaloids of Solanum lycocarpum fruits. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Abreu Miranda M, Tiossi RFJ, da Silva MR, Rodrigues KC, Kuehn CC, Rodrigues Oliveira LG, Albuquerque S, McChesney JD, Lezama-Davila CM, Isaac-Marquez AP, Kenupp Bastos J. In vitro leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities of the glycoalkaloids from Solanum lycocarpum (Solanaceae) fruits. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:642-8. [PMID: 23576350 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an infection caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania and is the second most prevalent parasitic protozoal disease after malaria in the world. We report the in vitro leishmanicidal activity on promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis and cytotoxicity, using LLCMK2 cells, of the glycoalkaloids from the fruits of Solanum lycocarpum, determined by colorimetric methods. The alkaloidic extract was obtained by acid-base extraction; solamargine and solasonine were isolated by silica-gel chromatography, followed by reversed-phase HPLC final purification. The alkaloidic extract, solamargine, solasonine, as well as the equimolar mixture of the glycoalkaloids solamargine and solasonine displayed leishmanicidal activity against promastigote forms of L. amazonensis, whereas the aglycone solasodine was inactive. After 24 and 72 h of incubation, most of the samples showed lower cytotoxicities (IC50 6.5 to 124 μM) as compared to leishmanicidal activity (IC50 1.1 to 23.6 μM). The equimolar mixture solamargine/solasonine was the most active with an IC50 value of 1.1 μM, after 72 h. Likewise, solamargine was the most active after 24 h with an IC50 value of 14.4 μM, both in comparison with the positive control amphotericin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariza Abreu Miranda
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Immunomodulatory effect of the alkaloidic extract of Solanum lycocarpum fruits in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Exp Parasitol 2013; 133:396-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Aliferis KA, Jabaji S. FT-ICR/MS and GC-EI/MS metabolomics networking unravels global potato sprout's responses to Rhizoctonia solani infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42576. [PMID: 22880040 PMCID: PMC3411821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of plant-pathogen interactions makes their dissection a challenging task for metabolomics studies. Here we are reporting on an integrated metabolomics networking approach combining gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance/mass spectrometry (FT-ICR/MS) and bioinformatics analyses for the study of interactions in the potato sprout-Rhizoctonia solani pathosystem and the fluctuations in the global metabolome of sprouts. The developed bioanalytical and bioinformatics protocols provided a snapshot of the sprout's global metabolic network and its perturbations as a result of pathogen invasion. Mevalonic acid and deoxy-xylulose pathways were substantially up-regulated leading to the biosynthesis of sesquiterpene alkaloids such as the phytoalexins phytuberin, rishitin, and solavetivone, and steroidal alkaloids having solasodine and solanidine as their common aglycons. Additionally, the perturbation of the sprout's metabolism was depicted in fluctuations of the content of their amino acids pool and that of carboxylic and fatty acids. Components of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and hypersensitive reaction (HR) such as azelaic and oxalic acids were detected in increased levels in infected sprouts and strategies of the pathogen to overcome plant defense were proposed. Our metabolic approach has not only greatly expanded the multitude of metabolites previously reported in potato in response to pathogen invasion, but also enabled the identification of bioactive plant-derived metabolites providing valuable information that could be exploited in biotechnology, biomarker-assisted plant breeding, and crop protection for the development of new crop protection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suha Jabaji
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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Tiossi RFJ, Miranda MA, de Sousa JPB, Praça FSG, Bentley MVLB, McChesney JD, Bastos JK. A Validated Reverse Phase HPLC Analytical Method for Quantitation of Glycoalkaloids in Solanum lycocarpum and Its Extracts. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:947836. [PMID: 22567576 PMCID: PMC3335309 DOI: 10.1155/2012/947836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Solanum lycocarpum (Solanaceae) is native to the Brazilian Cerrado. Fruits of this species contain the glycoalkaloids solasonine (SN) and solamargine (SM), which display antiparasitic and anticancer properties. A method has been developed for the extraction and HPLC-UV analysis of the SN and SM in different parts of S. lycocarpum, mainly comprising ripe and unripe fruits, leaf, and stem. This analytical method was validated and gave good detection response with linearity over a dynamic range of 0.77-1000.00 μg mL(-1) and recovery in the range of 80.92-91.71%, allowing a reliable quantitation of the target compounds. Unripe fruits displayed higher concentrations of glycoalkaloids (1.04% ± 0.01 of SN and 0.69% ± 0.00 of SM) than the ripe fruits (0.83% ± 0.02 of SN and 0.60% ± 0.01 of SM). Quantitation of glycoalkaloids in the alkaloidic extract gave 45.09% ± 1.14 of SN and 44.37% ± 0.60 of SM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Fabiane Jorge Tiossi
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariza Abreu Miranda
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Barreto de Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Silva Garcia Praça
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Miranda MA, Magalhães LG, Tiossi RFJ, Kuehn CC, Oliveira LGR, Rodrigues V, McChesney JD, Bastos JK. Evaluation of the schistosomicidal activity of the steroidal alkaloids from Solanum lycocarpum fruits. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:257-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Milner SE, Brunton NP, Jones PW, O'Brien NM, Collins SG, Maguire AR. Bioactivities of glycoalkaloids and their aglycones from Solanum species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:3454-3484. [PMID: 21401040 DOI: 10.1021/jf200439q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Potatoes, tomatoes, and aubergines are all species of the Solanum genus and contain a vast array of secondary metabolites including calystegine alkaloids, phenolic compounds, lectins, and glycoalkaloids. Glycoalkaloids have been the subject of many literature papers, occur widely in the human diet, and are known to induce toxicity. Therefore, from a food safety perspective further information is required regarding their analysis, toxicity, and bioavailability. This is especially important in crop cultivars derived from wild species to prevent glycoalkaloid-induced toxicity. A comprehensive review of the bioactivity of glycoalkaloids and their aglycones of the Solanum species, particularly focused on comparison of their bioactivities including their anticancer, anticholesterol, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic effects, toxicity, and synergism of action of the principal Solanum glycoalkaloids, correlated to differences of their individual molecular structures is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Eileen Milner
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Abouzid S, Fawzy N, Darweesh N, Orihara Y. Steroidal glycoalkaloids from the berries of Solanum distichum. Nat Prod Res 2010; 22:147-53. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410701592141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Abouzid
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmacognosy , Beni-Sueif University, Beni-Sueif , Egypt
| | - Nermeen Fawzy
- b Phytochemistry Research Laboratory , Sekem Academy , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Nebal Darweesh
- b Phytochemistry Research Laboratory , Sekem Academy , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Yutaka Orihara
- c Experimental Station of Medicinal Plant Studies , Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
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Hall CA, Hobby T, Cipollini M. Efficacy and mechanisms of alpha-solasonine-and alpha-solamargine-induced cytolysis on two strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. J Chem Ecol 2007; 32:2405-16. [PMID: 17001530 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-006-9153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two genetically diverse strains of Trypanosoma cruzi were tested in vitro for susceptibility to the solanum-derived triglycoside alkaloids solasonine and solamargine. Cytolytic assays were performed on epimastigotes (EMs) and bloodstream form trypomastigotes (BSFs) lifecycle stages by using serial dilutions of each alkaloid. Each alkaloid effectively lysed both lifecycle stages, although solasonine routinely required higher concentrations to induce similar results. EMs demonstrated greater resistance to cytolysis than BSFs at equal concentrations of either alkaloid. No significant resistance could be correlated to parasite strain. The reported synergistic cytolytic effects observed upon compounding solasonine and solamargine together were also tested. We failed to identify any cytolytic synergism in cultures of EMs or BSFs. The role of rhamnose-binding proteins (RBPs) in mediating cytolysis was investigated through competitive inhibition experiments. The addition of exogenous L: -rhamnose to the media failed to reduce parasite attrition independent of the parasite lifecycle stage. Based on these results, we suggest the mechanisms involved in cytolysis of T. cruzi by solasonine and solamargine are largely independent of rhamnose receptor-specific interactions. We propose that attrition likely involves less-specific carbohydrate interactions, which lead to the formation and intercalation of sterol complexes into the parasite plasma membrane.
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Lee KR, Kozukue N, Han JS, Park JH, Chang EY, Baek EJ, Chang JS, Friedman M. Glycoalkaloids and metabolites inhibit the growth of human colon (HT29) and liver (HepG2) cancer cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:2832-9. [PMID: 15137822 DOI: 10.1021/jf030526d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As part of an effort to improve plant-derived foods such as potatoes, eggplants, and tomatoes, the antiproliferative activities against human colon (HT29) and liver (HepG2) cancer cells of a series of structurally related individual compounds were examined using a microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The objective was to assess the roles of the carbohydrate side chain and aglycon part of Solanum glycosides in influencing inhibitory activities of these compounds. Evaluations were carried out with four concentrations each (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 microg/mL) of the the potato trisaccharide glycoalkaloids alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine; the disaccharides beta(1)-chaconine, beta(2)-chaconine, and beta(2)-solanine; the monosaccharide gamma-chaconine and their common aglycon solanidine; the tetrasaccharide potato glycoalkaloid dehydrocommersonine; the potato aglycon demissidine; the tetrasaccharide tomato glycoalkaloid alpha-tomatine, the trisaccharide beta(1)-tomatine, the disaccharide gamma-tomatine, the monosaccharide delta-tomatine, and their common aglycon tomatidine; the eggplant glycoalkaloids solamargine and solasonine and their common aglycon solasodine; and the nonsteroidal alkaloid jervine. All compounds were active in the assay, with the glycoalkaloids being the most active and the hydrolysis products less so. The effectiveness against the liver cells was greater than against the colon cells. Potencies of alpha-tomatine and alpha-chaconine at a concentration of 1 microg/mL against the liver carcinoma cells were higher than those observed with the anticancer drugs doxorubicin and camptothecin. Because alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, and alpha-tomatine also inhibited normal human liver HeLa (Chang) cells, safety considerations should guide the use of these compounds as preventative or therapeutic treatments against carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kap-Rang Lee
- College of Human Ecology and Kinesiology, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan 712-749, Korea
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Al Chami L, Méndez R, Chataing B, O'Callaghan J, Usubillaga A, LaCruz L. Toxicological effects of alpha-solamargine in experimental animals. Phytother Res 2003; 17:254-8. [PMID: 12672156 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-solamargine isolated from the fresh fruits of Solanum americanum Miller was studied for its toxicity. Lethality studies in rats showed a dose-mortality relationship with a LD(50) of 42 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. The chronic and subchronic toxicity investigations indicated that the size of the glycoalkaloid dose was more important than the total glycoalkaloid intake. No appreciable toxic effects were observed at doses below 35 mg/kg body weight as indicated by blood parameters, enzyme levels and histological sections of kidney, liver and cardiac muscle. Alpha-solamargine did not affect the weight of the testes and epididymis or the number of spermatozoa but produced a slight irritation and congestion in the epididymis and testis at doses up to 50 mg/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Al Chami
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
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Roddick JG, Weissenberg M, Leonard AL. Membrane disruption and enzyme inhibition by naturally-occurring and modified chacotriose-containing Solanum steroidal glycoalkaloids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2001; 56:603-610. [PMID: 11281138 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Naturally-occurring 3beta-O-chacotriosides of solasodine (solamargine), of its 22S, 25S isomer tomatidenol (beta-solamarine), and of solanidine (chaconine), as well as ring E- and F-modified derivatives of solamargine were prepared and assayed in order to assess the relevance of aglycone structural features to membrane-disruption and enzyme-inhibitory activities of the related glycoalkaloids. A ring E-opened dihydro-derivative of solasodine (the chacotrioside of dihydrosolasodine A) did not bind to cholesterol, stigmasterol or ergosterol in vitro, disrupt PC/cholesterol liposomes or mammalian erythrocytes. or inhibit acetylcholinesterase in vitro. It did not synergise with the solatrioside of dihydrosolasodine A or solasonine (nor did solamargine with dihydrosolasodine A solatrioside) in haemolysis tests. The ring F modified derivative, N-nitrososolamargine, did not inhibit acetylcholinesterase in vitro, but lysed liposomes at > or = 150 microM and pH 7. Increasing the pH to 8 (but not 9) further enhanced disruption. The combination of N-nitrososolamargine and solasonine did not cause any disruption of liposomes. Beta-solamarine showed no anti-acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro at up to 100 microM, but disrupted liposomes at 75 and 150 microM, although not to the extent caused by solamargine or chaconine. In combination with both the (inactive) solatriosides, solasonine and solanine, 75 microM beta-solamarine produced synergistic effects, with liposome disruption greater than 150 microM beta-solamarine alone. Beta-solamarine, solamargine and chaconine showed similar haemolytic activity. Beta-solamarine synergised with the solatriosides solasonine and solanine in disrupting erythrocytes. Preliminary structure-activity relationships were evaluated for the active chacotriosides in an attempt to define the scope and limitations of this model study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Roddick
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Laboratories, UK.
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Blankemeyer JT, McWilliams ML, Rayburn JR, Weissenberg M, Friedman M. Developmental toxicology of solamargine and solasonine glycoalkaloids in frog embryos. Food Chem Toxicol 1998; 36:383-9. [PMID: 9662413 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(97)00164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As part of an effort to improve the safety of plant foods, a need exists to define the relative toxicities of structurally different glycoalkaloids and metabolites which may be present in Solanum plant species such as potatoes, tomatoes and eggplants. The objectives of this study were to determine the relative toxicities and the modes of action of the eggplant (Solanum melongena) glycoalkaloids solamargine and solasonine in Xenopus laevis frog embryos, using membrane potential and embryo growth and teratogenicity assays. In the cell membrane assays, adverse effects on embryos were evaluated by measuring membrane potentials using an electrochromic dye, di-4-ANEPPS, as a fluorescence probe for the integrity of the membranes. In the embryo growth and teratogenesis assays, the survival of the embryos and organ malformations was used as an index of embryo toxicity. The relative potencies of glycoalkaloids are similar for frog embryo effects (survival and teratogenicities) and for membrane effects (membrane potential). Experiments with solasonine at pH 6 and 8 suggest that the unprotonated form of the glycoalkaloids appears to be involved in the membrane effects. The nature of the carbohydrate side-chains of the steroidal glycosides governs relative potencies. The possible significance of the findings to food safety and plant physiology and possible application of the membrane assays to bacterial toxins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Blankemeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA
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Weissenberg M, Levy A, Svoboda JA, Ishaaya I. The effect of some Solanum steroidal alkaloids and glycoalkaloids on larvae of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, and the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1998; 47:203-209. [PMID: 9431673 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(97)00565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of a series of secondary plant compounds including steroidal alkaloids and glycoalkaloids on larvae of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, was investigated. Larval growth was inhibited on artificial diets containing 1 mumol g-1 diet of the glycoalkaloids solamargine, solasonine and tomatine, whereas the corresponding aglycones solasodine and tomatidine, and also tomatidenol, were inactive. The inhibitory effect of solamargine and tomatine, but not of solasonine, was completely abolished by addition of 1 mumol g-1 diet cholesterol and/or sitosterol. Nonetheless, synthetic cholesteryl tomatide displayed significant activity at 2 mumol g-1 diet. Parallel studies with the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, showed marked inhibitory activity of tomatine at a dietary concentration of 1 mumol g-1, whereas the other compounds did not affect sterol metabolism or larval development. An appraisal of the factors influencing the mode of action of the active steroidal glycoalkaloids is attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weissenberg
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Bet Dagan, Israel
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Friedman M, McDonald GM, Filadelfi-Keszi M. Potato Glycoalkaloids: Chemistry, Analysis, Safety, and Plant Physiology. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES 1997. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1080/07352689709701946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- a Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan St., Albany , CA , 94710 , USA
| | - Gary M. McDonald
- a Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan St., Albany , CA , 94710 , USA
| | - MaryAnn Filadelfi-Keszi
- b Department of Food Science and Technology , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW , 2052 , Australia
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Schneider MJ. Chapter Two Pyridine and piperidine alkaloids: An update. ALKALOIDS: CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-8210(96)80026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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37
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Roddick JG. Steroidal glycoalkaloids: nature and consequences of bioactivity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1996; 404:277-95. [PMID: 8957303 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1367-8_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J G Roddick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, U.K
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