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Xiong LH, Wang J, Yang F, Tang BZ, He X. Synchronously Sensitive Immunoassay and Efficient Inactivation of Living Zika Virus via DNAzyme Catalytic Amplification and In Situ Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizer Generation. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38773697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Sensitive identification and effective inactivation of the virus are paramount for the early diagnosis and treatment of viral infections to prevent the risk of secondary transmission of viruses in the environment. Herein, we developed a novel two-step fluorescence immunoassay using antibody/streptavidin dual-labeled polystyrene nanobeads and biotin-labeled G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzymes with peroxidase-mimicking activity for sensitive quantitation and efficient inactivation of living Zika virus (ZIKV). The dual-labeled nanobeads can specifically bind ZIKV through E protein targeting and simultaneously accumulate DNAzymes, leading to the catalytic oxidation of Amplex Red indicators and generation of intensified aggregation-induced emission fluorescence signals, with a detection limit down to 66.3 PFU/mL and 100% accuracy. Furthermore, robust reactive oxygen species generated in situ by oxidized Amplex Red upon irradiation can completely kill the virus. This sensitive and efficient detection-inactivation integrated system will expand the viral diagnostic tools and reduce the risk of virus transmission in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hong Xiong
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Xuewen He
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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2
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Badakumar B, Inbakandan D, Venkatnarayanan S, Krishna Mohan TV, Nancharaiah YV, Pandey NK, Veeramani P, Sriyutha Murthy P. Physiological and biochemical response in green mussel Perna viridis subjected to continuous chlorination: Perspective on cooling water discharge criteria. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142191. [PMID: 38697563 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Heavy infestation by Perna viridis has been observed in the sub-seabed seawater intake tunnel and CWS of a tropical coastal power station in-spite of continuous low dose chlorination regime (0.2 ± 0.1 mg L-1) (CLDC), indicating periodical settlement and growth. Continuous arrival of mussels (colonized in the sub seabed tunnel intake section) at the pump house indicated that the mussels were able to tolerate and survive in a chlorinated environment, for varying time periods and were dislodged when they become weak and subsequent death, leading to flushing out of the system. In the present study, effect of continuous chlorination [0.2 mg L-1 (in-plant use); 0.5 mg L-1 (shock dose) & 1.0 mg L-1 (high levels)] was evaluated on mussels to assess; (a) time taken for mortality, (b) action of chlorine on physiological, genetic, metabolic and neuronal processes. 100% mortality of mussels was observed after 15 (0.2 mg L-1); 9 (0.5 mg L-1) and 6 days (1.0 mg L-1) respectively. Extended valve closure due to chlorination resulted in stress, impairing the respiratory and feeding behavior leading to deterioration in mussel health. Pseudofaeces excretion reduced to 68% (0.2 mg L-1); 10% (0.5 mg L-1) and 89% (1.0 mg L-1) compared to controls. Genotoxicity was observed with increase in % tail DNA fraction in all treatments such as 86% (0.2 mg L-1); 76% (0.5 mg L-1) and 85% (1.0 mg L-1). Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) stress biomarkers increased drastically/peaked within the first 3 days of continuous chlorination with subsequent quenching by antioxidant enzymes. Gill produced highest generation of ROS; 38% (0.2 mg L-1); 97% (0.5 mg L-1); 98% (1.0 mg L-1). Additionally, it was shown that 84% (0.2 mg L-1), 72% (0.5 mg L-1), and 80.4% (1.0 mg L-1) of the neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited by chlorine at the nerve synapse. The cumulative impact of ROS generation, neuronal toxicity, and disrupted functions weakens the overall health of green mussels resulting in mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandita Badakumar
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water & Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Inbakandan
- Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Venkatnarayanan
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water & Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T V Krishna Mohan
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water & Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Y V Nancharaiah
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water & Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - N K Pandey
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water & Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Veeramani
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water & Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Sriyutha Murthy
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water & Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.
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3
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Lam KWK, Chau JHC, Yu EY, Sun F, Lam JWY, Ding D, Kwok RTK, Sun J, He X, Tang BZ. An Alkaline Phosphatase-Responsive Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizer for Selective Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer Cells. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7145-7156. [PMID: 37067178 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been considered as an emerging strategy for precise cancer treatment by making use of photosensitizers (PSs) with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Some efficient PSs have been reported in recent years, but multifunctional PSs that are responsive to cancer-specific biomarkers are rarely reported. In this study, we introduced a phosphate group as a cancer-specific biomarker of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) on a PS with the features of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) for cancer cell imaging and therapy. In cancer cells with high ALP expression, the phosphate group on the AIE probe is selectively hydrolyzed by ALP. Consequently, the hydrophobic probe residue is aggregated in aqueous media and gives a "turn on" fluorescent response. Moreover, fluorescence-guided PDT was realized by the aggregates of probe residue with strong ROS generation efficiency under white light irradiation. Overall, this work presents a strategy of applying ALP-responsive AIE PS for specific imaging cancer cells and succeeding with specific PDT upon the cancer biomarker stimulated responsive reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy W K Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Joe H C Chau
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Eric Y Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Feiyi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xuewen He
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
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Huynh GT, Kesarwani V, Walker JA, Frith JE, Meagher L, Corrie SR. Review: Nanomaterials for Reactive Oxygen Species Detection and Monitoring in Biological Environments. Front Chem 2021; 9:728717. [PMID: 34568279 PMCID: PMC8461210 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.728717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dissolved oxygen play key roles across many biological processes, and fluorescent stains and dyes are the primary tools used to quantify these species in vitro. However, spatio-temporal monitoring of ROS and dissolved oxygen in biological systems are challenging due to issues including poor photostability, lack of reversibility, and rapid off-site diffusion. In particular, ROS monitoring is hindered by the short lifetime of ROS molecules and their low abundance. The combination of nanomaterials and fluorescent detection has led to new opportunities for development of imaging probes, sensors, and theranostic products, because the scaffolds lead to improved optical properties, tuneable interactions with cells and media, and ratiometric sensing robust to environmental drift. In this review, we aim to critically assess and highlight recent development in nanosensors and nanomaterials used for the detection of oxygen and ROS in biological systems, and their future potential use as diagnosis tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel T. Huynh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Node, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Vidhishri Kesarwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Node, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Julia A. Walker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Node, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica E. Frith
- Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Laurence Meagher
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon R. Corrie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Node, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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5
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Bode K, Link C, Krammer PH, Weyd H. Flow-cytometric Detection of Low-level Reactive Oxygen Species in Cell Lines and Primary Immune Cells. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3737. [PMID: 33659398 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Depending on its concentration and cellular origin the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the organism serves a variety of functions. While high concentrations during an oxidative burst are used to fight pathogens, low to moderate amounts of ROS act as signaling molecules important for several physiological processes such as regulation of immune responses. The ROS-sensitive dye 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) is an inexpensive and well-established tool for measuring intracellular ROS levels. However, it needs to be carefully controlled to be able to draw firm conclusions on the nature of ROS species produced and the cellular source of ROS generation such as the enzyme complex NADPH-oxidase 2 (NOX-2). In this protocol, a robust method to determine low intracellular ROS production using H2DCFDA was validated by several ROS-specific as well as NOX-2-specific inhibitors. Cells were treated with inhibitors or control substances prior to treatment with the ROS-inducer of interest. H2DCFDA was added only for the last 30 min of the treatment schedule. To terminate its conversion, we used a ROS-specific inhibitor until analysis by flow cytometry within the FITC-channel (Ex: 488 nm/Em: 519 nm). In summary, this protocol allows the detection of signaling-relevant intracellular ROS production in cell lines and primary immune cells (e.g., Mono Mac 6 cells and Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, respectively). Using this method in combination with specific inhibitors, we were able to validate even exceptionally low amounts of ROS produced by NOX-2 and relevant for immune-regulatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bode
- Division of Immunogenetics, Research Program Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corinna Link
- Division of Immunogenetics, Research Program Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter H Krammer
- Division of Immunogenetics, Research Program Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Weyd
- Division of Immunogenetics, Research Program Immunology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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de Oliveira VS, Castro AJG, Domingues JT, de Souza AZP, Scheffer DDL, Latini A, Soares CHL, Van Der Kraak G, Silva FRMB. A Brazilian pulp and paper mill effluent disrupts energy metabolism in immature rat testis and alters Sertoli cell secretion and mitochondrial activity. Anim Reprod 2020; 17:e20190116. [PMID: 32714452 PMCID: PMC7375872 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2019-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate whether the pulp and paper mill industry effluent could affect the testis and Sertoli cells in a fast exposure period. For this, the present study was carried out in immature rats at 10-day-old. Testis treated in vitro with 4% effluent for 1 h presented changes in energy metabolism in terms of a decrease in lactate content and glucose uptake. Elevation in GSH content, as an antioxidant defense mechanism, was also detected. Sertoli cells treated with 4% effluent for 1 hour showed alterations in the mitochondrial metabolism that favor the decoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and the generation of oxygen reactive species and also a time and concentration-dependent delay secretion of acidic vesicles. Our results showed that pollutants present in the pulp and paper mill effluents, in a short time of exposure, are capable of inducing alterations in important metabolic functions in the testis and in Sertoli cells that are crucial for the correct progression of spermatogenesis and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Débora da Luz Scheffer
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | | | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Ghéczy N, Sasaki K, Yoshimoto M, Pour-Esmaeil S, Kröger M, Stano P, Walde P. A two-enzyme cascade reaction consisting of two reaction pathways. Studies in bulk solution for understanding the performance of a flow-through device with immobilised enzymes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18655-18676. [PMID: 35518281 PMCID: PMC9053938 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-catalysed cascade reactions in flow-through systems with immobilised enzymes currently are of great interest for exploring their potential for biosynthetic and bioanalytical applications. Basic studies in this field often aim at understanding the stability of the immobilised enzymes and their catalytic performance, for example, in terms of yield of a desired reaction product, analyte detection limit, enzyme stability or reaction reproducibility. In the work presented, a cascade reaction involving the two enzymes bovine carbonic anhydrase (BCA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) – with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as HRP “activator” – was first investigated in great detail in bulk solution at pH = 7.2. The reaction studied is the hydrolysis and oxidation of 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH2-DA) to 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF), which was found to proceed along two reaction pathways. This two-enzyme cascade reaction was then applied for analysing the performance of BCA and HRP immobilised in glass fiber filters which were placed inside a filter holder device through which a DCFH2-DA/H2O2 substrate solution was pumped. Comparison was made between (i) co-immobilised and (ii) sequentially immobilised enzymes (BCA first, HRP second). Significant differences for the two arrangements in terms of measured product yield (DCF) could be explained based on quantitative UV/vis absorption measurements carried out in bulk solution. We found that the lower DCF yield observed for sequentially immobilised enzymes originates from a change in one of the two possible reaction pathways due to enzyme separation, which was not the case for enzymes that were co-immobilised (or simultaneously present in the bulk solution experiments). The higher DCF yield observed for co-immobilised enzymes did not originate from a molecular proximity effect (no increased oxidation compared to sequential immobilisation). A cascade reaction catalysed by bovine carbonic anhydrase (BCA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) proceeds over two possible pathways, which explains differences in product formation for differently immobilised enzymes in flow-through reactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ghéczy
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Kai Sasaki
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Makoto Yoshimoto
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland .,Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University Tokiwadai 2-16-1 Ube 755-8611 Japan
| | - Sajad Pour-Esmaeil
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Martin Kröger
- Polymer Physics, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Pasquale Stano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento Ecotekne 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Peter Walde
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
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8
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Patra SK, Samaddar S, Sinha N, Ghosh S. Reactive nitrogen species induced catalases promote a novel nitrosative stress tolerance mechanism in Vibrio cholerae. Nitric Oxide 2019; 88:35-44. [PMID: 30981896 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae faces nitrosative stress during successful colonization in intestine. Very little information is available on the nitrosative stress protective mechanisms of V. cholerae. Reports show that NorR regulon control two genes hmpA and nnrS responsible for nitric oxide (NO) detoxification in V. cholerae. In the present study we first time report a novel role of V. cholerae catalases under nitrosative stress. Using zymogram analysis of catalase we showed that KatB and KatG activity were induced within 30 min in V. cholerae in the presence of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor compound. Surprisingly, V. cholerae cell survival was found to be decreased under nitrosative stress if catalase activities were blocked by ATz, a catalase inhibitor. Flow cytometry study was conducted to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) using DHE and DHR123, fluorescent probes respectively. Short exposure of SNP to V. cholerae did not generate ROS but RNS was detectable within 30 min. Total glutathione content was increased in V. cholerae cells under nitrosative stress. Furthermore, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione reductase (GR) activities remained unchanged under nitrosative stress in V. cholerae indicated antioxidant role of NO which could produce peroxynitrite. To investigate the role of catalase induction under nitrosative stress in V. cholerae, we conducted peroxynitrite reductase assay using cell lysates. Interestingly, SNP treated V. cholerae cell lysates showed lowest DHR123 oxidation compared to the control set. The extent of DHR123 oxidation was more in V. cholerae cell lysate when catalases were blocked by ATz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Kumar Patra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourabh Samaddar
- Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Road Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700 054, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjan Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjay Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
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9
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The Selective Acetamidine-Based iNOS Inhibitor CM544 Reduces Glioma Cell Proliferation by Enhancing PARP-1 Cleavage In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030495. [PMID: 30678338 PMCID: PMC6387310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most aggressive adult primary brain tumors. Expression of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase has been reported as a hallmark of chemoresistance in gliomas and several studies have reported that inhibition of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase could be related to a decreased proliferation of glioma cells. The present work was to analyze the molecular effects of the acetamidine derivative compound 39 (formally CM544, N-(3-{[(1-iminioethyl)amino]methyl}benzyl) prolinamide dihydrochloride), a newly synthetized iNOS inhibitor, in a C6 rat glioma cell model. There is evidence of CM544 selective binding to the iNOS, an event that triggers the accumulation of ROS/RNS, the expression of Nrf-2 and the phosphorylation of MAPKs after 3 h of treatment. In the long run, CM544 leads to the dephosphorylation of p38 and to a massive cleavage of PARP-1, confirming the block of C6 rat glioma cell proliferation in the G1/S checkpoint and the occurrence of necrotic cell death.
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10
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Ji S, Gao H, Mu W, Ni X, Yi X, Shen J, Liu Q, Bao P, Ding D. Enzyme-instructed self-assembly leads to the activation of optical properties for selective fluorescence detection and photodynamic ablation of cancer cells. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2566-2573. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02685d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen)-based probe with both fluorescence and photoactivity activatable characteristics is developed for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Heqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Wancen Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Xiang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Xiaoyong Yi
- Department of Urology
- Tianjin First Central Hospital
- Tianjin 300192
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Shen
- Tianjin Stomatological Hospital
- Hospital of Stomatology
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300041
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Urology
- Tianjin First Central Hospital
- Tianjin 300192
- P. R. China
| | - Pingping Bao
- Tianjin Stomatological Hospital
- Hospital of Stomatology
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300041
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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11
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Zanatta Â, Cecatto C, Ribeiro RT, Amaral AU, Wyse AT, Leipnitz G, Wajner M. S-Adenosylmethionine Promotes Oxidative Stress and Decreases Na +, K +-ATPase Activity in Cerebral Cortex Supernatants of Adolescent Rats: Implications for the Pathogenesis of S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase Deficiency. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5868-5878. [PMID: 29101646 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) concentrations are highly elevated in tissues and biological fluids of patients affected by S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency, who are clinically characterized by cerebral symptoms whose pathogenesis is still unknown. In the present work, we investigated the effects of AdoMet on redox homeostasis and on the activity of Na+, K+-ATPase in the cerebral cortex of young rats. AdoMet caused lipid peroxidation (increase of malondialdehyde concentrations) and protein oxidation (increase of carbonyl formation and decrease of sulfhydryl content). AdoMet also reduced the antioxidant defenses (reduced glutathione, GSH) and Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Furthermore, AdoMet-induced lipid peroxidation was fully prevented by the antioxidants trolox, melatonin, and resveratrol, and the decrease of GSH concentrations was abolished by trolox, suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species in these effects. In this context, AdoMet induced reactive oxygen (increase of 2',7'-dichloroflurescein-DCFH oxidation) but not nitrogen (nitrate and nitrite levels) species generation. Finally, the decrease of Na+, K+-ATPase activity provoked by AdoMet was totally prevented by trolox, implying a possible oxidation of cysteine groups of the enzyme that are critical for its function and highly susceptible to oxidative attack. It is also noted that adenosine and methionine did not alter the parameters evaluated, suggesting selective effects of AdoMet. Our data strongly indicate that disturbance of redox homeostasis caused by a major metabolite (AdoMet) accumulating in S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency may represent a deleterious mechanism of brain damage in this disease. Finally, reduction of Na+, K+-ATPase activity provoked by AdoMet may lead to impaired neurotransmission, but disturbance of this system should be better clarified in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Zanatta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cecatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Teixeira Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Ts Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Domracheva I, Kanepe-Lapsa I, Jackevica L, Vasiljeva J, Arsenyan P. Selenopheno quinolinones and coumarins promote cancer cell apoptosis by ROS depletion and caspase-7 activation. Life Sci 2017; 186:92-101. [PMID: 28807721 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to investigate the mechanism underlying cancer cell apoptosis caused by selenophenoquinolinones and coumarins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve derivatives were studied according to their ability to suppress the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro (i.e., HepG2, MH-22A, MCF-7), induce cell apoptosis, modulate cellular antioxidant enzyme system activities (i.e., SOD, GPx, TrxR), influence the level of ROS, and modulate caspase activity. RESULTS A plausible mechanism of apoptosis is presented. The lack of change in the activity of caspase-8 demonstrates that these compounds affect the intrinsic rather than the extrinsic pathway; moreover, the absence of caspase-9 activation suggests that the studied compounds are involved in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in a non-canonical manner. Provisionally, the increase in Smac/Diablo released from the mitochondria removes the inhibitory effect and activates caspase-7, leading to apoptosis. Additionally, the activation of caspase-1 activates effector caspase-7, thereby increasing the amount of cytochrome c and Smac/Diablo released from the mitochondria and ultimately leading to apoptosis. CONCLUSION This present study provides scientific evidence that selenopheno quinolinones and coumarins promote cancer cell apoptosis by ROS depletion and caspase-7 activation in malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Domracheva
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Iveta Kanepe-Lapsa
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ludmila Jackevica
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jelena Vasiljeva
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Pavel Arsenyan
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
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Arora D, Bhatla SC. Melatonin and nitric oxide regulate sunflower seedling growth under salt stress accompanying differential expression of Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:315-328. [PMID: 28254544 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salinity results in significant reduction in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedling growth and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Present work highlights the possible role of melatonin as an antioxidant through its interaction with nitric oxide (NO), and as an early and long distance NaCl-stress sensing signaling molecule in seedling cotyledons. Exogenous melatonin (15µM)±NaCl (120mM) inhibit seedling growth, which is also correlated with NO availability, accumulation of potential superoxide anion (O2•-) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-), extent of tyrosine-nitration of proteins, spatial localization and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms. NO acts as a positive modulator of melatonin accumulation in seedling cotyledons as a long-distance signaling response. Modulation of superoxide anion and peroxynitrite anion content by melatonin highlights its crucial role in combating deleterious effects of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Present findings provide evidence for an interaction between melatonin and NO in their effect on seedling growth under salt stress accompanying differential modulation of two SOD isoforms, i.e. Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Arora
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Satish C Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Gallina AA, Palumbo A, Casotti R. Oxidative pathways in response to polyunsaturated aldehydes in the marine diatom Skeletonema marinoi (Bacillariophyceae). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2016; 52:590-598. [PMID: 27061927 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUA) have recently been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and possibly reactive nitrogen species (RNS, e.g., peroxynitrite) in the diatom Skeletonema marinoi (S. marinoi), which produces high amounts of PUA. We now are attempting to acquire better understanding of which reactive molecular species are involved in the oxidative response of S. marinoi to PUA. We used flow cytometry, the dye dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) as the main indicator of ROS (but which is also known to partially detect RNS), and different scavengers and inhibitors of both nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). Both the scavengers Tempol (for ROS) and uric acid (UA, for peroxynitrite) induced a lower DHR-derived green fluorescence in S. marinoi cells exposed to the PUA, suggesting that both reactive species were produced. When PUA-exposed S. marinoi cells were treated with the NO scavenger 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), an opposite response was observed, with an increase in DHR-derived green fluorescence. A higher DHR-derived green fluorescence was also observed in the presence of sodium tungstate (ST), an inhibitor of NO production via nitrate reductase. In addition, two different SOD inhibitors, 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME) and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (DETC), had an effect, with DETC inducing the strongest inhibition after 20 min. These results indicate the involvement of O2 (•) generation and SOD activity in H2 O2 formation (with downstream ROS generation dependent from H2 O2 ) in response to PUA exposure. This is relevant as it refines the biological impact of PUA and identifies the specific molecules involved in the response. It is speculated that in PUA-exposed S. marinoi cells, beyond a certain threshold of PUA, the intracellular antioxidant system is no longer able to cope with the excess of ROS, thus resulting in the observed accumulation of both O2 (•-) and H2 O2 . This might be particularly relevant for population dynamics at sea, during blooms, when cell lysis increases and PUA are released. It can be envisioned that in the final stages of blooms, higher local PUA concentrations accumulate, which in turn induces intracellular ROS generation that ultimately leads to cell death and bloom decay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli, Villa Comunale I80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaella Casotti
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli, Villa Comunale I80121, Napoli, Italy
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15
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Kelesidis T, Roberts CK, Huynh D, Martínez-Maza O, Currier JS, Reddy ST, Yang OO. A high throughput biochemical fluorometric method for measuring lipid peroxidation in HDL. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111716. [PMID: 25368900 PMCID: PMC4219769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Current cell-based assays for determining the functional properties of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) have limitations. We report here the development of a new, robust fluorometric cell-free biochemical assay that measures HDL lipid peroxidation (HDLox) based on the oxidation of the fluorochrome Amplex Red. HDLox correlated with previously validated cell-based (r = 0.47, p<0.001) and cell-free assays (r = 0.46, p<0.001). HDLox distinguished dysfunctional HDL in established animal models of atherosclerosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients. Using an immunoaffinity method for capturing HDL, we demonstrate the utility of this novel assay for measuring HDLox in a high throughput format. Furthermore, HDLox correlated significantly with measures of cardiovascular diseases including carotid intima media thickness (r = 0.35, p<0.01) and subendocardial viability ratio (r = -0.21, p = 0.05) and physiological parameters such as metabolic and anthropometric parameters (p<0.05). In conclusion, we report the development of a new fluorometric method that offers a reproducible and rapid means for determining HDL function/quality that is suitable for high throughput implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Christian K. Roberts
- Exercise and Metabolic Disease Research Laboratory, Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Diana Huynh
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Otoniel Martínez-Maza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Judith S. Currier
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Otto O. Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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16
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Antioxidant action of SMe1EC2, the low-basicity derivative of the pyridoindole stobadine, in cell free chemical models and at cellular level. Interdiscip Toxicol 2014; 7:27-32. [PMID: 26038673 PMCID: PMC4427712 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2014-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant action of SMe1EC2, the structural analogue of the hexahydropyridoindole antioxidant stobadine. The antiradical activity of SMe1EC2 was found to be higher when compared to stobadine, as determined both in cell-free model systems of AAPH-induced oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 and 2′,7′-dichloro-dihydrofluorescein diacetate, and in the cellular system of stimulated macrophages RAW264.7. Analysis of proliferation of HUVEC and HUVEC-ST cells revealed absence of cytotoxic effect of SMe1EC2 at concentrations below 100 µM. The antioxidant activity of SMe1EC2, superior to the parent drug stobadine, is accounted for by both the higher intrinsic free radical scavenging action and by the better bioavailability of the low-basicity SMe1EC2 relative to the high-basicity stobadine.
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17
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The effect of polyunsaturated aldehydes on Skeletonema marinoi (Bacillariophyceae): the involvement of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:4165-87. [PMID: 25026265 PMCID: PMC4113821 DOI: 10.3390/md12074165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was investigated in the marine diatom, Skeletonema marinoi (SM), exposed to 2E,4E/Z-decadienal (DECA), 2E,4E/Z-octadienal (OCTA), 2E,4E/Z-heptadienal (HEPTA) and a mix of these last two (MIX). When exposed to polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUA), a decrease of NO was observed, proportional to the PUA concentration (85% of the initial level after 180 min with 66 µM DECA). Only OCTA, HEPTA and MIX induced a parallel increase of ROS, the highest (2.9-times the control) with OCTA concentrations twice the EC50 for growth at 24 h (20 μM). The synthesis of carotenoids belonging to the xanthophyll cycle (XC) was enhanced during exposure, suggesting their antioxidant activity. Our data provide evidence that specific pathways exist as a reaction to PUA and that they depend upon the PUA used and/or the diatom species. In fact, Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT) produces NO in response to DECA, but not to OCTA. We advance the hypothesis that SM perceives OCTA and HEPTA as intra-population infochemicals (as it produces PUA), while PT (non-PUA producing species) perceives them as allelochemicals. The ability to produce and to use PUA as infochemicals may underlie ecological traits of different diatom species and modulate ecological success in natural communities.
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18
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Abstract
Biological ill effects of oxidative injury from excess free radical production are implicated in many human conditions. Epilepsy is a chronic, dynamic neurological disorder associated with ongoing neuronal damage, particularly when uncontrolled. Oxidative injury may play a role in the initiation and progression of epilepsy, and therapies aimed at reducing oxidative stress may ameliorate tissue damage and favorably alter the clinical course. There is abundant in vivo evidence of oxidative injury in animal models of epilepsy and for efficacy of antioxidant therapy in reducing this injury in animal models of epileptogenesis. However, there is sparse direct clinical data on the use of antioxidants in human epilepsy. This review examines the evidence for the role of oxidative injury in epilepsy, the rationale for use of antioxidant therapy in epilepsy and appraises the current clinical performance of the studies of antioxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Costello
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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19
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Pandya JD, Nukala VN, Sullivan PG. Concentration dependent effect of calcium on brain mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative stress parameters. FRONTIERS IN NEUROENERGETICS 2013; 5:10. [PMID: 24385963 PMCID: PMC3866544 DOI: 10.3389/fnene.2013.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction following traumatic brain and spinal cord injury (TBI and SCI) plays a pivotal role in the development of secondary pathophysiology and subsequent neuronal cell death. Previously, we demonstrated a loss of mitochondrial bioenergetics in the first 24 h following TBI and SCI initiates a rapid and extensive necrotic event at the primary site of injury. Within the mitochondrial derived mechanisms, the cross talk and imbalance amongst the processes of excitotoxicity, Ca2+ cycling/overload, ATP synthesis, free radical production and oxidative damage ultimately lead to mitochondrial damage followed by neuronal cell death. Mitochondria are one of the important organelles that regulate intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and are equipped with a tightly regulated Ca2+ transport system. However, owing to the lack of consensus and the link between downstream effects of calcium in published literature, we undertook a systematic in vitro study for measuring concentration dependent effects of calcium (100–1000 nmols/mg mitochondrial protein) on mitochondrial respiration, enzyme activities, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation, membrane potential (ΔΨ) and oxidative damage markers in isolated brain mitochondria. We observed a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by calcium without influencing mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) and NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) enzyme activities. We observed dose-dependent decreased production of hydrogen peroxide and total ROS/RNS species generation by calcium and no significant changes in protein and lipid oxidative damage markers. These results may shed new light on the prevailing dogma of the direct effects of calcium on mitochondrial bioenergetics, free radical production and oxidative stress parameters that are primary regulatory mitochondrial mechanisms following neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jignesh D Pandya
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Vidya N Nukala
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
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20
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Lee J. Use of antioxidants to prevent cyclosporine a toxicity. Toxicol Res 2013; 26:163-70. [PMID: 24278520 PMCID: PMC3834483 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2010.26.3.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressor that is widely used in transplant surgery and the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. However, major side effects of CsA such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and cardiovascular diseases have substantially limited its usage. Although molecular mechanisms underlying these adverse effects are not clearly understood, there is some evidence that suggests involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) . In parallel, protective effects of various antioxidants have been demonstrated by many research groups. Extensive studies of CsA-induced nephrotoxcity have confirmed that the antioxidants can restore the damaged function and structure of kidney. Subsequently, there have appeared numerous reports to demonstrate the positive antioxidant effects on liver and other organ damages by CsA. It may be timely to review the ideas to envisage the relationship between ROS and the CsA-induced toxicity. This review is comprised of a brief description of the immunosuppressive action and the secondary effects of CsA, and a synopsis of reports regarding the antioxidant treatments against the ROS-linked CsA toxicity. A plethora of recent reports suggest that antioxidants can help reduce many CsA’s adverse effects and therefore might help develop more effective CsA treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwa Lee
- Dept. of Clinical Lab Science, Dongseo University, Jurea 2-dong, Sasang-gu, Busan 617-716, Korea
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21
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Schuck PF, Alves L, Pettenuzzo LF, Felisberto F, Rodrigues LB, Freitas BW, Petronilho F, Dal-Pizzol F, Streck EL, Ferreira GC. Acute renal failure potentiates methylmalonate-induced oxidative stress in brain and kidney of rats. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:233-40. [PMID: 23297832 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.762771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue methylmalonic acid (MMA) accumulation is the biochemical hallmark of methylmalonic acidemia. The disease is clinically characterized by progressive neurological deterioration and kidney failure, whose pathophysiology is still unclear. In the present work we investigated the effects of acute MMA administration on various parameters of oxidative stress in cerebral cortex and kidney of young rats, as well as the influence of acute renal failure on MMA-elicited effects on these parameters. Acute renal failure was induced by gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic whose utilization over prolonged periods causes nephrotoxicity. The administration of gentamicin alone increased carbonyl content and inhibited superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in cerebral cortex, as well as increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) and sulfhydryl levels and diminished glutathione peroxidase activity in kidney. On the other hand, MMA administration increased TBA-RS levels in cerebral cortex and decreased SOD activity in kidney. Furthermore, the simultaneous administration of MMA and gentamicin to the rats provoked an augment in TBA-RS levels and superoxide generation in cerebral cortex and in TBA-RS, carbonyl and sulfhydryl levels in kidney, while diminished SOD activity in both studied tissues. Finally, nitrate/nitrite content, reduced glutathione levels, 2',7'-dihydrodichlorofluorescein oxidation and catalase activity were not affected by this animal treatment in either tissue. In conclusion, our present data are in line with the hypothesis that MMA acts as a toxin in brain and kidney of rats and suggest that renal injury potentiates the toxicity of MMA on oxidative stress parameters in brain and peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Schuck
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma , SC , Brazil.
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22
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Patetsini E, Dimitriadis VK, Kaloyianni M. Biomarkers in marine mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, exposed to environmentally relevant levels of the pesticides, chlorpyrifos and penoxsulam. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 126:338-45. [PMID: 23063002 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines the influence of environmentally relevant concentrations of two pesticides, chlorpyrifos and penoxsulam on mussel physiological status. For this reason, lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage, protein carbonylation (PCC) and antioxidant capacity (TAC) in hemaolymph and hemocytes of the mussels was measured. Mussels were exposed to a range of concentrations of the pesticides chlorpyrifos and penoxsulam and the response of animals to the destabilization of lysosomal membrane in hemocytes (LMS) was studied. Subsequently, the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) for both pesticides was calculated. The animals were subsequently exposed for 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 15 and 30 days to 10 times less concentration than EC50 of each pesticide (0.05 μg/l) and changes in LMS, ROS, DNA damage, protein carbonylation and antioxidant capacity of mussels was evaluated. Our results showed a significant change in the response of mussels for all parameters tested after 30 days exposure, in relation to the controls. The pesticides at the environmental concentrations used induced changes to the animal physiology through causing oxidative stress and lysosomal abnormalities and their usage in the agriculture demands great care. In addition, the results show that ROS, DNA damage, protein carbonylation and antioxidant capacity could constitute, after further investigation, reliable biomarkers for the evaluation of pollution or other environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Patetsini
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Chavarría C, Perez DI, Pérez C, Morales Garcia JA, Alonso-Gil S, Pérez-Castillo A, Gil C, Souza JM, Porcal W. Microwave-assisted synthesis of hydroxyphenyl nitrones with protective action against oxidative stress. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:44-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dechorgnat J, Patrit O, Krapp A, Fagard M, Daniel-Vedele F. Characterization of the Nrt2.6 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana: a link with plant response to biotic and abiotic stress. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42491. [PMID: 22880003 PMCID: PMC3413667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The high affinity nitrate transport system in Arabidopsis thaliana involves one gene and potentially seven genes from the NRT1 and NRT2 family, respectively. Among them, NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NRT2.4 and NRT2.7 proteins have been shown to transport nitrate and are localized on the plasmalemma or the tonoplast membranes. NRT2.1, NRT2.2 and NRT2.4 play a role in nitrate uptake from soil solution by root cells while NRT2.7 is responsible for nitrate loading in the seed vacuole. We have undertaken the functional characterization of a third member of the family, the NRT2.6 gene. NRT2.6 was weakly expressed in most plant organs and its expression was higher in vegetative organs than in reproductive organs. Contrary to other NRT2 members, NRT2.6 expression was not induced by limiting but rather by high nitrogen levels, and no nitrate-related phenotype was found in the nrt2.6-1 mutant. Consistently, the over-expression of the gene failed to complement the nitrate uptake defect of an nrt2.1-nrt2.2 double mutant. The NRT2.6 expression is induced after inoculation of Arabidopsis thaliana by the phytopathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora. Interestingly, plants with a decreased NRT2.6 expression showed a lower tolerance to pathogen attack. A correlation was found between NRT2.6 expression and ROS species accumulation in response to infection by E. amylovora and treatment with the redox-active herbicide methyl viologen, suggesting a probable link between NRT2.6 activity and the production of ROS in response to biotic and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dechorgnat
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Oriane Patrit
- AgroParisTech, UMR217, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Pathogènes, Paris, France
| | - Anne Krapp
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Mathilde Fagard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR217, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Pathogènes, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Daniel-Vedele
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
- * E-mail:
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Kelesidis T, Reddy ST, Huynh D, Meriwether D, Fogelman AM, Navab M, Yang OO. Effects of lipid-probe interactions in biochemical fluorometric methods that assess HDL redox activity. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:87. [PMID: 22768920 PMCID: PMC3409024 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fluorescence-based cell-free assays offer an attractive alternative to current cell-based assays for measuring the redox activity of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL). We have recently developed a biochemical assay that assesses the effect of HDL on the oxidation rate of dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR), reflected by increasing fluorescence over time. However, an immediate reduction in the fluorescence signal is observed after addition of HDL to DHR, due to fluorescence quenching from lipid-probe interactions. Understanding this process is important for interpretation of the results of all fluorescence-based cell-free assays that measure oxidative properties of lipids. Methods We determined the effect of quenchers (proteins or lipids) on the fluorescence signal of two fluorescence-based cell-free assays: the rhodamine 123 (RHD)-based assay, and a previously described assay based on dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) in patients with systemic inflammation or atherosclerosis versus healthy subjects. Results We found lipid-probe interactions between the non-fluorescent substrate and the lipid, which affect the observed rate of change of fluorescence after addition of lipids to DHR and DCFH. These interactions depended on: sample collection and storage, types and concentrations of lipid and fluorescent probe, method of HDL isolation, diluents and matrices, and pH. The RHD-based assay yielded reproducible measurements despite fluorescence quenching, while the DCF-based assay displayed more experimental variability. Furthermore, the lipid-probe interactions varied according to the setting of systemic inflammation when using apolipoprotein (apo) B-depleted plasma. However, under fixed conditions the rhodamine assay could reliably detect similar mean relative differences in the redox activity of HDL samples between different groups of patients using either purified HDL or apo-B depleted plasma. Conclusions Lipid-probe interactions should be considered when interpreting the results of fluorescence assays for measuring lipid oxidative state. Ideally, samples should be freshly obtained and purified HDL should be utilized rather than Apo B-depleted serum. Assay variability can be reduced by strict standardization of conditions (particularly sample collection, storage, lipid isolation method). Data comparisons between different studies similarly require strict standardization of conditions between studies and this caveat must be considered when using these assays to study the role of HDL function in the development of atherosclerosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Phytanic acid disturbs mitochondrial homeostasis in heart of young rats: a possible pathomechanism of cardiomyopathy in Refsum disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 366:335-43. [PMID: 22527938 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Phytanic acid (Phyt) accumulates in tissues and biological fluids of patients affected by Refsum disease. Although cardiomyopathy is an important clinical manifestation of this disorder, the mechanisms of heart damage are poorly known. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of Phyt on important parameters of oxidative stress in heart of young rats. Phyt significantly increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels (P < 0.001) and carbonyl formation (P < 0.01), indicating that this fatty acid induces lipid and protein oxidative damage, respectively. In contrast, Phyt did not alter sulfhydryl oxidation. Phyt also decreased glutathione (GSH) concentrations (P < 0.05), an important non-enzymatic antioxidant defense. Moreover, Phyt increased 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin oxidation (DCFH) (P < 0.01), reflecting increased reactive species generation. We also found that the induced lipid and protein oxidative damage, as well as the decreased GSH levels and increased DCFH oxidation provoked by this fatty acid were prevented or attenuated by the reactive oxygen species scavengers melatonin, trolox, and GSH, but not by the nitric oxide inhibitor N: (ω)-nitro-L: -arginine methyl ester, suggesting that reactive oxygen species were involved in these effects. Next, we verified that Phyt strongly inhibited NADH-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex I-III) activity (P < 0.001) in heart supernatants, and decreased membrane potential and the NAD(P)H pool in heart mitochondria, indicating that Phyt acts as a metabolic inhibitor and as an uncoupler of the electron transport chain. Therefore, it can be presumed that disturbance of cellular energy and redox homeostasis induced by Phyt may possibly contribute to the cardiomyopathy found in patients affected by Refsum disease.
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Meyers-Needham M, Lewis JA, Gencer S, Sentelle RD, Saddoughi SA, Clarke CJ, Hannun YA, Norell H, da Palma TM, Nishimura M, Kraveka JM, Khavandgar Z, Murshed M, Cevik MO, Ogretmen B. Off-target function of the Sonic hedgehog inhibitor cyclopamine in mediating apoptosis via nitric oxide-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase 2/ceramide induction. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:1092-102. [PMID: 22452947 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (SHh) signaling is important in the pathogenesis of various human cancers, such as medulloblastomas, and it has been identified as a valid target for anticancer therapeutics. The SHh inhibitor cyclopamine induces apoptosis. The bioactive sphingolipid ceramide mediates cell death in response to various chemotherapeutic agents; however, ceramide's roles/mechanisms in cyclopamine-induced apoptosis are unknown. Here, we report that cyclopamine mediates ceramide generation selectively via induction of neutral sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, SMPD3 (nSMase2) in Daoy human medulloblastoma cells. Importantly, short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of nSMase2 prevented cyclopamine-induced ceramide generation and protected Daoy cells from drug-induced apoptosis. Accordingly, ectopic wild-type N-SMase2 caused cell death, compared with controls, which express the catalytically inactive N-SMase2 mutant. Interestingly, knockdown of smoothened (Smo), a target protein for cyclopamine, or Gli1, a downstream signaling transcription factor of Smo, did not affect nSMase2. Mechanistically, our data showed that cyclopamine induced nSMase2 and cell death selectively via increased nitric oxide (NO) generation by neuronal-nitric oxide synthase (n-NOS) induction, in Daoy medulloblastoma, and multiple other human cancer cell lines. Knockdown of n-NOS prevented nSMase2 induction and cell death in response to cyclopamine. Accordingly, N-SMase2 activity-deficient skin fibroblasts isolated from homozygous fro/fro (fragilitas ossium) mice exhibited resistance to NO-induced cell death. Thus, our data suggest a novel off-target function of cyclopamine in inducing apoptosis, at least in part, by n-NOS/NO-dependent induction of N-SMase2/ceramide axis, independent of Smo/Gli inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Meyers-Needham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Réty C, Gilbin R, Gomez E. Induction of reactive oxygen species and algal growth inhibition by tritiated water with or without copper. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2012; 27:155-165. [PMID: 20607814 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tritium ((3) H) is a radioactive element of ecological concern because of its release into aquatic ecosystems from nuclear power plants. However, the acute and chronic effects of tritiated water (HTO) on aquatic organisms are poorly documented, as are its effects on oxidative stress. In addition, the effects of HTO in combination with other contaminants remain largely unexamined. Herein, we document the effect of HTO on a primary aquatic producer (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) by measuring growth and oxidative stress using fluorimetric (H(2) DCF-DA) determination of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. The maximum cell density of the alga (1.65 × 10(6) cells mL(-1) ) was reduced by 23% (1.27 × 10(6) cells mL(-1) ) at the highest exposure tested (59 MBq mL(-1) HTO), whereas cells exposed to 0.9 MBq mL(-1) showed a significantly enhanced maximum cell density of 1.90 × 10(6) cells mL(-1) , an increase of 15%. With regard to oxidative stress, exposure to HTO (0.04, 0.16, and 2.8 MBq mL(-1) ) induced an early dose-dependent peak in ROS production after 14-15 min of exposure, followed by a slow decrease in ROS which stabilized after 60 min. Moreover, this study showed that the presence of HTO may influence the impact of other conventional, nonradioactive contaminants, such as copper, a well known oxidizing trace metal for aquatic organisms. A significant synergic effect of copper and HTO on ROS production was observed. This synergic effect on oxidative stress was shown to be linked to an enhanced copper uptake rate measured in the presence of HTO (> 4 times). We conclude that HTO should be considered as a sensitizer when in a mixture with other contaminants, especially through interactions on the antioxidant system of algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Réty
- IRSN, Laboratory of Radioecology and Ecotoxicology, 13115 Saint Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
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Targeting the mitochondrial pathway to induce apoptosis/necrosis through ROS by a newly developed Schiff’s base to overcome MDR in cancer. Biochimie 2012; 94:166-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pearce LL, Zheng X, Martinez-Bosch S, Kerr PP, Khlangwiset P, Epperly MW, Fink MP, Greenberger JS, Peterson J. L-arginine is a radioprotector for hematopoietic progenitor cells. Radiat Res 2011; 177:792-803. [PMID: 22175298 DOI: 10.1667/rr1281.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
L-arginine is shown to protect hematopoietic progenitor (32D cl 3) cells from death due to exposure to γ radiation ((137)Cs). Some of the other intermediates in the urea cycle, namely ornithine and citrulline, plus urea itself, were not found to have any significant impact on cell survival after irradiation. Intriguingly, supplementation of irradiated cells with L-arginine results in decreased production of peroxynitrite, suggesting that suppression of superoxide generation by nitric oxide synthase in one or more microenvironments is an important factor in the observed radioprotection. The absence of any radioprotective effect of L-arginine in cells at 3% oxygen also confirms the involvement of one or more oxygen-derived species. Knockdown experiments with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) siRNAs in cells and NOS knockout animals confirm that the observed radioprotection is associated with nNOS (NOS-1). L-arginine also ameliorates the transient inhibition of the electron-transport chain complex I that occurs within 30 min of completing the dose (10 Gy) and that appears to be a functional marker for postirradiation mitochondrial oxidant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Pearce
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219-3138, USA
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Yapici NB, Jockusch S, Moscatelli A, Mandalapu SR, Itagaki Y, Bates DK, Wiseman S, Gibson KM, Turro NJ, Bi L. New Rhodamine Nitroxide Based Fluorescent Probes for Intracellular Hydroxyl Radical Identification in Living Cells. Org Lett 2011; 14:50-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol202816m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazmiye B. Yapici
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Alberto Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Srinivas Rao Mandalapu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yasuhiro Itagaki
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dallas K. Bates
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sherri Wiseman
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - K. Michael Gibson
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Lanrong Bi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Kelesidis T, Currier JS, Huynh D, Meriwether D, Charles-Schoeman C, Reddy ST, Fogelman AM, Navab M, Yang OO. A biochemical fluorometric method for assessing the oxidative properties of HDL. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:2341-2351. [PMID: 21957198 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d018937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most current assays of HDL functional properties are cell-based. We have developed a fluorometric biochemical assay based on the oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) by HDL. This cell-free assay assesses the intrinsic ability of HDL to be oxidized by measuring increasing fluorescence due to DHR oxidation over time. The assay distinguishes the oxidative potential of HDL taken from different persons, and the results are reproducible. Direct comparison of this measurement correlated well with results obtained using a validated cell-based assay (r(2) = 0.62, P < 0.001). The assay can be scaled from a 96-well format to a 384-well format and, therefore, is suitable for high-throughput implementation. This new fluorometric method offers an inexpensive, accurate, and rapid means for determining the oxidative properties of HDL that is applicable to large-scale clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith S Currier
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Diana Huynh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - David Meriwether
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | | | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 and
| | - Alan M Fogelman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Mohamad Navab
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Otto O Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Itziou A, Kaloyianni M, Dimitriadis VK. In vivo and in vitro effects of metals in reactive oxygen species production, protein carbonylation, and DNA damage in land snails Eobania vermiculata. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 60:697-707. [PMID: 20711720 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-010-9583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are known to induce oxidative damage by way of enhancement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which often preludes the onset of alterations, such as protein carbonylation and DNA damage. In this study, our aim was to examine the early responses of land snails Eobania vermiculata to environmental contaminants by investigating the use of a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay for the measurement of protein carbonylation as a new biomarker of terrestrial pollution as well as by measuring ROS production and DNA damage. Land snails were treated with heavy metals-cadmium, lead, or copper-in vivo (15 or 40 ppm) for 25 days or in vitro (0.5, 5, 50 or 500 μM) for 30 min in the laboratory, and the previously mentioned biomarkers were determined in digestive gland and haemolymph of the treated animals. A statistically significant increase in ROS production, protein carbonylation, and DNA damage was shown in the snails treated with pollutants compared with the untreated snails. The results indicate the effectiveness of measuring ROS production and DNA damage, as well as using the present ELISA method, as sensitive tools of terrestrial pollution biomonitoring studies. Statistically significant correlations among the previously mentioned techniques further enhance their role as promising biomarkers in terrestrial pollution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Itziou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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Experimental evidence that methylmalonic acid provokes oxidative damage and compromises antioxidant defenses in nerve terminal and striatum of young rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 31:775-85. [PMID: 21424830 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemia and propionic acidemia are organic acidemias biochemically characterized by predominant tissue accumulation of methylmalonic acid (MMA) and propionic acid (PA), respectively. Affected patients present predominantly neurological symptoms, whose pathogenesis is not yet fully established. In the present study we investigated the in vitro effects of MMA and PA on important parameters of lipid and protein oxidative damage and on the production of reactive species in synaptosomes from cerebrum of developing rats. Synaptosomes correspond to nerve terminals that have been used to investigate toxic properties of compounds on neuronal cells. The in vivo effects of intrastriatal injection of MMA and PA on the same parameters and on enzymatic antioxidant defenses, were also studied. MMA-induced in vitro and in vivo lipid peroxidation and protein oxidative damage. Furthermore, the lipid oxidative damage was attenuated or prevented, pending on the doses utilized, by the free radical scavengers α-tocopherol, melatonin and by the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist MK-801, implying the involvement of reactive species and glutamate receptor activation in these effects. In addition, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate oxidation was significantly increased in synaptosomes by MMA, reinforcing that reactive species generation is elicited by this organic acid. We also verified that glutathione peroxidase activity was inhibited by intrastriatal MMA injection. In contrast, PA did not induce any significant effect on all parameters examined in vitro and in vivo, implying a selective action for MMA. The present data demonstrate that oxidative stress is induced by MMA in vitro in nerve terminals and in vivo in striatum, suggesting the participation of neuronal cells in MMA-elicited oxidative damage.
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Farrell H, Hayes J, Laffey J, Rowan N. Studies on the relationship between pulsed UV light irradiation and the simultaneous occurrence of molecular and cellular damage in clinically-relevant Candida albicans. J Microbiol Methods 2011; 84:317-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sarkar TS, Majumdar U, Roy A, Maiti D, Goswamy AM, Bhattacharjee A, Ghosh SK, Ghosh S. Production of nitric oxide in host-virus interaction: a case study with a compatible Begomovirus-Kenaf host-pathosystem. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2010; 5:668-676. [PMID: 20215875 PMCID: PMC3001556 DOI: 10.4161/psb.5.6.11282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in plant diseases resistance. Here we have first time demonstrated that begomovirus infection in susceptible H. cannabinus plants, results in elevated NO and reactive nitrogen species production during early infection stage not only in infected leaf but also in root and shoot. Production of NO was further confirmed by oxyhemoglobin assay. Furthermore, we used Phenyl alanine ammonia lyase as marker of pathogenesis related enzyme. In addition evidence for protein tyrosine nitration during the early stage of viral infection clearly showed the involvement of nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uddalak Majumdar
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Calcutta; Kolkata, India
| | - Anirban Roy
- Division of Crop Protection; Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres (CRIJAF); Barrackpore; Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Debasis Maiti
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Calcutta; Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Subrata Kumar Ghosh
- Division of Crop Protection; Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres (CRIJAF); Barrackpore; Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Sanjay Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Calcutta; Kolkata, India
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Chen X, Zhong Z, Xu Z, Chen L, Wang Y. 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein as a fluorescent probe for reactive oxygen species measurement: Forty years of application and controversy. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:587-604. [DOI: 10.3109/10715761003709802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Li P, Xie T, Duan X, Yu F, Wang X, Tang B. A New Highly Selective and Sensitive Assay for Fluorescence Imaging of.OH in Living Cells: Effectively Avoiding the Interference of Peroxynitrite. Chemistry 2010; 16:1834-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Misiti F, Clementi ME, Giardina B. Oxidation of methionine 35 reduces toxicity of the amyloid beta-peptide(1-42) in neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32) via enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A expression and function. Neurochem Int 2010; 56:597-602. [PMID: 20060866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The beta amyloid peptide (Abeta), the major protein component of brain senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease, is known to be directly responsible for the production of free radicals that may lead to neurodegeneration. Our recent evidence suggest that the redox state of methionine residue in position 35 (Met-35) of Abeta has the ability to deeply modify peptide's neurotoxic actions. Reversible oxidation of methionine in proteins involving the enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase type A (MsrA) is postulated to serve a general antioxidant role and a decrease in MsrA has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease. In rat neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32), we used Abeta(1-42), in which the Met-35 is present in the reduced state, with a modified peptide with oxidized Met-35 (Abeta(1-42)Met35(OX)), as well as an Abeta-derivative in which Met-35 is substituted with norleucine (Abeta(1-42)Nle35) to investigate the relationship between Met-35 redox state, expression and function of MsrA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The obtained results shown that MsrA activity, as well as mRNA levels, increase in IMR-32 cells treated with Abeta(1-42)Met35(OX), differently to that shown by the reduced derivative. The increase in MsrA function and expression was associated with a decline of ROS levels. None of these effects were observed when cells were exposed to Abeta containing oxidized Met35 (Abeta1-42)Met35(OX). Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that the differential toxicity of Abeta peptides containing reduced or oxidised Met-35 depends on the ability of the latter form to reduce ROS generation by enhancing MsrA gene expression and function and suggests the therapeutic potential of MsrA in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Misiti
- Department of Health and Motor Sciences, University of Cassino, V.S. Angelo, Polo didattico della Folcara, 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy.
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Abstract
Cells constantly generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) during aerobic metabolism. The ROS generation plays an important protective and functional role in the immune system. The cell is armed with a powerful antioxidant defense system to combat excessive production of ROS. Oxidative stress occurs in cells when the generation of ROS overwhelms the cells' natural antioxidant defenses. ROS and the oxidative damage are thought to play an important role in many human diseases including cancer, atherosclerosis, other neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. Thus, establishing their precise role requires the ability to measure ROS accurately and the oxidative damage that they cause. There are many methods for measuring free radical production in cells. The most straightforward techniques use cell permeable fluorescent and chemiluminescent probes. 2'-7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) is one of the most widely used techniques for directly measuring the redox state of a cell. It has several advantages over other techniques developed. It is very easy to use, extremely sensitive to changes in the redox state of a cell, inexpensive and can be used to follow changes in ROS over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Eruslanov
- Shands Cancer Center and Department of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Xu J, Krüger B, Vernunft A, Löhrke B, Viergutz T. Platelet-activating factor-stimulated production of reactive oxygen species in ovarian granulosa cells from periovulatory follicles. Cytometry A 2009; 75:658-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Barth KR, Isabella VM, Wright LF, Clark VL. Resistance to peroxynitrite in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:2532-2545. [PMID: 19406894 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.028092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae encodes a number of important genes that aid in survival during times of oxidative stress. The same immune cells capable of oxygen-dependent killing mechanisms also have the capacity to generate reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that may function antimicrobially. F62 and eight additional gonococcal strains displayed a high level of resistance to peroxynitrite, while Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli showed a four- to seven-log and a four-log decrease in viability, respectively. Mutation of gonococcal orthologues that are known or suspected to be involved in RNS defence in other bacteria (ahpC, dnrN and msrA) resulted in no loss of viability, suggesting that N. gonorrhoeae has a novel mechanism of resistance to peroxynitrite. Whole-cell extracts of F62 prevented the oxidation of dihydrorhodamine, and decomposition of peroxynitrite was not dependent on ahpC, dnrN or msrA. F62 grown in co-culture with E. coli strain DH10B was shown to protect E. coli viability 10-fold. Also, peroxynitrite treatment of F62 did not result in accumulation of nitrated proteins, suggesting that an active peroxynitrite reductase is responsible for peroxynitrite decomposition rather than a protein sink for amino acid modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Barth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Box 672, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Vincent M Isabella
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Box 672, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lori F Wright
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Box 672, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Virginia L Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Box 672, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Qin K, Zhao L, Ash RD, McDonough WF, Zhao RY. ATM-mediated Transcriptional Elevation of Prion in Response to Copper-induced Oxidative Stress. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:4582-93. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808410200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wang G, Gong Y, Burczynski FJ, Hasinoff BB. Cell lysis with dimethyl sulphoxide produces stable homogeneous solutions in the dichlorofluorescein oxidative stress assay. Free Radic Res 2008; 42:435-41. [PMID: 18484276 DOI: 10.1080/10715760802074462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (2',7'-dichlorofluorescin, DCFH) to a fluorescent product, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF), is commonly used to quantitatively measure oxidative stress in cells using a fluorescence microplate reader. However, many cell lines tend to grow non-uniformly in the wells. This non-uniform distribution results in a high degree of variability in the fluorescence signal and decreases the precision of the method. Also, samples treated in large culture plates, dishes or flasks cannot be assayed directly in fluorescence microplate readers. This study reports an improved DCF assay method that lyses cells with DMSO/PBS (90% dimethyl sulphoxide/10% phosphate buffered saline). Oxidative stress was induced with either hydrogen peroxide or an hypoxia-reoxygenation treatment. Cell lysis with DMSO/PBS resulted in highly stable fluorescence signals in comparison to Triton X-100/PBS lysed cells. The precision of DCF fluorescence measurements of DMSO/PBS lysed cells was much better than for attached cells measured directly in 96-well plates. While DCF fluorescence in PBS was strongly quenched by albumin, no quenching occurred in DMSO/PBS. In conclusion this study describes a more convenient and accurate method for measuring cellular oxidative stress that also makes it possible to assay cells treated in large culture plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guqi Wang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Maeda R, Noiri E, Isobe H, Homma T, Tanaka T, Negishi K, Doi K, Fujita T, Nakamura E. A water-soluble fullerene vesicle alleviates angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical venous endothelial cells. Hypertens Res 2008; 31:141-51. [PMID: 18360029 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.31.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble fullerene vesicle based on the Buckminsterfullerene molecule (Ph(5)C(60)K, denoted as PhK) was explored to determine its effects on anti-oxidation of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to exogenous and endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hydrogen peroxide 0.05-0.25 mmol/L remarkably reduced the cellular viability of HUVEC. This reduction in viability was markedly improved when PhK 0.01-1 micromol/L was added simultaneously to the culture medium. The reduction of viability in HUVEC induced by angiotensin II (AII) 10(-9) to 10(-7) mol/L was improved by pretreatment with PhK 0.1 or 10 micromol/L 12 h before AII stimulation. The ROS indicator CM-H(2)DCFDA demonstrated the efficacy of PhK 1 or 10 micromol/L in decreasing AII-induced ROS production to the level induced by the AII receptor blocker RNH-6470 20 micromol/L. The AII-induced peroxynitrite formation, as gauged using hydroxyphenyl fluorescein as a probe, was alleviated significantly by either pretreatment with PhK 0.1 or 1 micromol/L. Electron microscopy revealed intracellular localization of PhK in HUVEC after 12 h incubation. The PhK decreased the AII-induced apoptosis and lipid peroxidation processes as revealed by hexanoyl-lysine adduct formation. These observations show that the PhK water-soluble fullerene vesicle is promising as a compound controlling not only exogenous ROS, but also endogenous AII-mediated pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Maeda
- Center for NanoBio Integration, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Endothelial glutathione-S-transferase A4-4 protects against oxidative stress and modulates iNOS expression through NF-kappaB translocation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 230:187-96. [PMID: 18485437 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/15/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our recent work in endothelial cells and human atherosclerotic plaque showed that overexpression of glutathione-S-tranferases (GSTs) in endothelium protects against oxidative damage from aldehydes such as 4-HNE. Nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB plays a crucial role during inflammation and immune responses by regulating the expression of inducible genes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 4-HNE induces apoptosis and affects NF-kappaB mediated gene expression, but conflicting results on 4-HNE's effect on NF-kappaB have been reported. We compared the effect of 4-HNE on iNOS and the NF-kappaB pathway in control mouse pancreatic islet endothelial (MS1) cells and those transfected with mGSTA4, a alpha-class GST with highest activity toward 4-HNE. When treated with 4-HNE, mGSTA4-transfected cells showed significant upregulation of iNOS and nitric oxide (NO) through (NF)-kappaB (p65) translocation in comparison with wild-type or vector-transfected cells. Immunohistochemical studies of early human plaques showed lower 4-HNE content and upregulation of iNOS, which we take to indicate that GSTA4-4 induction acts as an enzymatic defense against high levels of 4-HNE, since 4-HNE accumulated in more advanced plaques, when detoxification and exocytotic mechanisms are likely to be overwhelmed. These studies suggest that GSTA4-4 may play an important defensive role against atherogenesis through detoxification of 4-HNE and upregulation of iNOS.
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Atochina-Vasserman EN, Beers MF, Kadire H, Tomer Y, Inch A, Scott P, Guo CJ, Gow AJ. Selective inhibition of inducible NO synthase activity in vivo reverses inflammatory abnormalities in surfactant protein D-deficient mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 179:8090-7. [PMID: 18056350 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.12.8090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D)-deficient (SP-D-/-) mice exhibit early development of emphysema. Previously we have shown that SP-D deficiency results in increased production and activity of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). In this study, we examined whether treatment with the iNOS inhibitor 1400W could inhibit the inflammatory phenotype. Mice were treated with 1400W systemically for 7 wk from 3 wk of age. Treatment reduced total lung NO synthase activity to 14.7+/-6.1% of saline-treated 10-wk-old SP-D-/- littermates. Long-term administration of 1400W reduced lung inflammation and cellular infiltration; and significantly attenuated the increased levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, chemokines (KC, TARC), and cytokines (IFN-gamma) seen in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of SP-D-/- mice. Abrogation of these levels was associated with decreasing BAL chemotactic activity for RAW cells. Two weeks of treatment with 1400W reduced total lung NO synthase (NOS) activity to 12.7+/-6.3% of saline-treated SP-D-/- mice. Short-term iNOS inhibition resulted in attenuation of pulmonary inflammation within SP-D-/- mice as shown by decreases in total BAL cell count (63+/-6% of SP-D-/- control), macrophage size (>25 microm) within the BAL (62+/-10% of SP-D-/- control), and a percentage of BAL macrophages producing oxidants (76+/-9% of SP-D-/- control). These studies showed that s.c. delivery of 1400W can be achieved in vivo and can attenuate the inflammatory processes within SP-D deficiency. Our results represent the first report linking defects in the innate immune system in the lung with alterations in NO homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Atochina-Vasserman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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48
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Differentiation increases the resistance of neuronal cells to amyloid toxicity. Neurochem Res 2008; 33:2516-31. [PMID: 18307032 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-008-9627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A substantial lack of information is recognized on the features underlying the variable susceptibility to amyloid aggregate toxicity of cells with different phenotypes. Recently, we showed that different cell types are variously affected by early aggregates of a prokaryotic hydrogenase domain (HypF-N). In the present study we investigated whether differentiation affects cell susceptibility to amyloid injury using a human neurotypic SH-SY5Y cell differentiation model. We found that retinoic acid-differentiated cells were significantly more resistant against Abeta1-40, Abeta1-42 and HypF-N prefibrillar aggregate toxicity respect to undifferentiated cells treated similarly. Earlier and sharper increases in cytosolic Ca(2+) and ROS with marked lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction were also detected in exposed undifferentiated cells resulting in apoptosis activation. The reduced vulnerability of differentiated cells matched a more efficient Ca(2+)-ATPase equipment and a higher total antioxidant capacity. Finally, increasing the content of membrane cholesterol resulted in a remarkable reduction of vulnerability and ability to bind the aggregates in either undifferentiated and differentiated cells.
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Methods to measure the reactivity of peroxynitrite-derived oxidants toward reduced fluoresceins and rhodamines. Methods Enzymol 2008; 441:261-82. [PMID: 18554539 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(08)01214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The commonest probes for "reactive oxygen and nitrogen species" are reduced fluorescein and rhodamine dyes that fluoresce when oxidized. The reduced dyes are reactive toward peroxynitrite, although probably not directly but via free radical oxidants derived from it: hydroxyl, carbonate, and nitrogen dioxide free radicals. The reaction with peroxynitrite can be monitored by rapid mixing and stopped-flow spectrophotometry, but reliable measurement of reactivity of the peroxynitrite-derived radicals requires specialized techniques such as flash photolysis or pulse radiolysis to monitor the fast reactions in real time. A key feature of oxidation by radicals is that the reaction produces an intermediate fluorescein or rhodamine radical, which normally is oxidized further by oxygen to yield the fluorescent, stable product. Susceptibility of the yield of fluorescence to interference by antioxidants can be assessed from kinetic parameters, which reflect reactivity. This chapter outlines methods for estimation of key rate constants involving peroxynitrite-derived oxidants.
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Cash TP, Pan Y, Simon MC. Reactive oxygen species and cellular oxygen sensing. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:1219-25. [PMID: 17893032 PMCID: PMC2696222 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many organisms activate adaptive transcriptional programs to help them cope with decreased oxygen (O(2)) levels, or hypoxia, in their environment. These responses are triggered by various O(2) sensing systems in bacteria, yeast and metazoans. In metazoans, the hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) mediate the adaptive transcriptional response to hypoxia by upregulating genes involved in maintaining bioenergetic homeostasis. The HIFs in turn are regulated by HIF-specific prolyl hydroxlase activity, which is sensitive to cellular O(2) levels and other factors such as tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Establishing a role for ROS in cellular oxygen sensing has been challenging since ROS are intrinsically unstable and difficult to measure. However, recent advances in fluorescence energy transfer resonance (FRET)-based methods for measuring ROS are alleviating some of the previous difficulties associated with dyes and luminescent chemicals. In addition, new genetic models have demonstrated that functional mitochondrial electron transport and associated ROS production during hypoxia are required for HIF stabilization in mammalian cells. Current efforts are directed at determining how ROS mediate prolyl hydroxylase activity and hypoxic HIF stabilization. Progress in understanding this process has been enhanced by the development of the FRET-based ROS probe, an vivo prolyl hydroxylase reporter and various genetic models harboring mutations in components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Cash
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
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