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Desole C, Gallo S, Vitacolonna A, Montarolo F, Bertolotto A, Vivien D, Comoglio P, Crepaldi T. HGF and MET: From Brain Development to Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683609. [PMID: 34179015 PMCID: PMC8220160 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its tyrosine kinase receptor, encoded by the MET cellular proto-oncogene, are expressed in the nervous system from pre-natal development to adult life, where they are involved in neuronal growth and survival. In this review, we highlight, beyond the neurotrophic action, novel roles of HGF-MET in synaptogenesis during post-natal brain development and the connection between deregulation of MET expression and developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). On the pharmacology side, HGF-induced MET activation exerts beneficial neuroprotective effects also in adulthood, specifically in neurodegenerative disease, and in preclinical models of cerebral ischemia, spinal cord injuries, and neurological pathologies, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). HGF is a key factor preventing neuronal death and promoting survival through pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory mechanisms. Recent evidence suggests that HGF acts on neural stem cells to enhance neuroregeneration. The possible therapeutic application of HGF and HGF mimetics for the treatment of neurological disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Desole
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Simona Gallo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Annapia Vitacolonna
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesca Montarolo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy.,Neurobiology Unit, Neurology, CReSM (Regional Referring Center of Multiple Sclerosis), San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Bertolotto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy.,Neurobiology Unit, Neurology, CReSM (Regional Referring Center of Multiple Sclerosis), San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Denis Vivien
- INSERM U1237, University of Caen, Gyp Cyceron, Caen, France.,Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Paolo Comoglio
- IFOM, FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Crepaldi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
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2
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Onesto MM, Short CA, Rempel SK, Catlett TS, Gomez TM. Growth Factors as Axon Guidance Molecules: Lessons From in vitro Studies. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:678454. [PMID: 34093120 PMCID: PMC8175860 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.678454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth cones at the tips of extending axons navigate through developing organisms by probing extracellular cues, which guide them through intermediate steps and onto final synaptic target sites. Widespread focus on a few guidance cue families has historically overshadowed potentially crucial roles of less well-studied growth factors in axon guidance. In fact, recent evidence suggests that a variety of growth factors have the ability to guide axons, affecting the targeting and morphogenesis of growth cones in vitro. This review summarizes in vitro experiments identifying responses and signaling mechanisms underlying axon morphogenesis caused by underappreciated growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Timothy M. Gomez
- Neuroscience Training Program and Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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3
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Serova OV, Gantsova EA, Deyev IE, Petrenko AG. The Value of pH Sensors in Maintaining Homeostasis of the Nervous System. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020040196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Jia Y, Cao N, Zhai J, Zeng Q, Zheng P, Su R, Liao T, Liu J, Pei H, Fan Z, Zhou J, Xi J, He L, Chen L, Nan X, Yue W, Pei X. HGF Mediates Clinical-Grade Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improved Functional Recovery in a Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903809. [PMID: 32995116 PMCID: PMC7507104 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have emerged as a potential therapy for a range of neural insults, but their application in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still limited and the mechanisms underlying the cognitive benefits of stem cells remain to be elucidated. Here, the effects of clinical-grade human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on the recovery of cognitive ability in SAMP8 mice, a senescence-accelerated mouse model of AD is explored. A functional assay identifies that the core functional factor hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secreted from hUC-MSCs plays critical roles in hUC-MSC-modulated recovery of damaged neural cells by down-regulating hyperphosphorylated tau, reversing spine loss, and promoting synaptic plasticity in an AD cell model. Mechanistically, structural and functional recovery, as well as cognitive enhancements elicited by exposure to hUC-MSCs, are at least partially mediated by HGF in the AD hippocampus through the activation of the cMet-AKT-GSK3β signaling pathway. Taken together, these data strongly implicate HGF in mediating hUC-MSC-induced improvements in functional recovery in AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Jia
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry LabBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Ning Cao
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support ForceKunming650032China
| | - Jinglei Zhai
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Quan Zeng
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Pei Zheng
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Ruyu Su
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Tuling Liao
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Haiyun Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry LabBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
| | - Zeng Fan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Junnian Zhou
- Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry LabBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Jiafei Xi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Lijuan He
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Lin Chen
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Xue Nan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Wen Yue
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
| | - Xuetao Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijing100850China
- South China Institute of BiomedicineGuangzhou510005China
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5
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Zhao J, Ding Y, He R, Huang K, Liu L, Jiang C, Liu Z, Wang Y, Yan X, Cao F, Huang X, Peng Y, Ren R, He Y, Cui T, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Liu Q, Li Y, Ma Z, Yi X. Dose-effect relationship and molecular mechanism by which BMSC-derived exosomes promote peripheral nerve regeneration after crush injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:360. [PMID: 32811548 PMCID: PMC7437056 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of new treatment strategies to improve peripheral nerve repair after injury, especially those that accelerate axonal nerve regeneration, is very important. The aim of this study is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of how bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC)-derived exosomes (EXOs) participate in peripheral nerve regeneration and whether the regenerative effect of EXOs is correlated with dose. Method BMSCs were transfected with or without an siRNA targeting Ago2 (SiAgo2). EXOs extracted from the BMSCs were administered to dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in vitro. After 48 h of culture, the neurite length was measured. Moreover, EXOs at four different doses were injected into the gastrocnemius muscles of rats with sciatic nerve crush injury. The sciatic nerve functional index (SFI) and latency of thermal pain (LTP) of the hind leg sciatic nerve were measured before the operation and at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the operation. Then, the number and diameter of the regenerated fibers in the injured distal sciatic nerve were quantified. Seven genes associated with nerve regeneration were investigated by qRT-PCR in DRG neurons extracted from rats 7 days after the sciatic nerve crush. Results We showed that after 48 h of culture, the mean number of neurites and the length of cultured DRG neurons in the SiAgo2-BMSC-EXO and SiAgo2-BMSC groups were smaller than that in the untreated and siRNA control groups. The average number and diameter of regenerated axons, LTP, and SFI in the group with 0.9 × 1010 particles/ml EXOs were better than those in other groups, while the group that received a minimum EXO dose (0.4 × 1010 particles/ml) was not significantly different from the PBS group. The expression of PMP22, VEGFA, NGFr, and S100b in DRGs from the EXO-treated group was significantly higher than that in the PBS control group. No significant difference was observed in the expression of HGF and Akt1 among the groups. Conclusions These results showed that BMSC-derived EXOs can promote the regeneration of peripheral nerves and that the mechanism may involve miRNA-mediated regulation of regeneration-related genes, such as VEGFA. Finally, a dose-effect relationship between EXO treatment and nerve regeneration was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yali Ding
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Kui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Chaona Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhuozhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuanlan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaokai Yan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Fuyang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xueying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Rui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuebin He
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Tianwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Quanpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xianfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qibing Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yunqing Li
- Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhijian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China. .,Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
| | - Xinan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China. .,Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
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6
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Wei X, Ma W, Gu H, Liu D, Luo W, Bai Y, Wang W, Lui VCH, Yang P, Yuan Z. Transamniotic mesenchymal stem cell therapy for neural tube defects preserves neural function through lesion-specific engraftment and regeneration. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:523. [PMID: 32655141 PMCID: PMC7354991 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) lead to prenatal mortality and lifelong morbidity. Currently, surgical closure of NTD lesions results in limited functional recovery. We previously suggested that nerve regeneration was critical for NTD therapy. Here, we report that transamniotic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) therapy for NTDs during early development may achieve beneficial functional recovery. In our ex vivo rat embryonic NTD model, BMSCs injected into the amniotic cavity spontaneously migrated into the defective neural tissue. Hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor c-MET were found to play critical roles in this NTD lesion-specific migration. Using the in vivo rat fetal NTD model, we further discovered that the engrafted BMSCs specifically differentiated into the cell types of the defective tissue, including skin and different types of neurons in situ. BMSC treatment triggered skin repair in fetuses, leading to a 29.9 ± 5.6% reduction in the skin lesion area. The electrophysiological functional recovery assay revealed a decreased latency and increased motor-evoked potential amplitude in the BMSC-treated fetuses. Based on these positive outcomes, ease of operation, and reduced trauma to the mother and fetus, we propose that transamniotic BMSC administration could be a new effective therapy for NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuzuo Bai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Vincent Chi Hang Lui
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peixin Yang
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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7
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The role of hepatocyte growth factor in mesenchymal stem cell-induced recovery in spinal cord injured rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:178. [PMID: 32410702 PMCID: PMC7227078 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a promising treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI) due to the fact that they provide a favorable environment. Treatment using MSCs results in a better neurological functional improvement through the promotion of nerve cell regeneration and the modulation of inflammation. Many studies have highlighted that the beneficial effects of MSCs are more likely associated with their secreted factors. However, the identity of the factor that plays a key role in the MSC-induced neurological functional recovery following SCI as well as its molecular mechanism still remains unclear. Methods A conditioned medium (collected from the MSCs) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were used to test the effects on the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCS) in the presence of BMP4 with or without a c-Met antibody. In SCI rats, Western blot, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to investigate the biological effects of MSC-conditioned medium and HGF on nerve cell regeneration and inflammation with or without the pre-treatment using a c-Met antibody. In addition, the possible molecular mechanism (cross-talk between HGF/c-Met and the BMP/Smad 1/5/8 signaling pathway) was also detected by Western blot both in vivo and in vitro. Results The conditioned medium from bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) was able to promote the NSC differentiation into neurons in vitro and the neurite outgrowth in the scar boundary of SCI rats by inhibiting the BMP/Smad signaling pathway as well as reduces the secondary damage through the modulation of the inflammatory process. The supplementation of HGF showed similar biological effects to those of BMSC-CM, whereas a functional blocking of the c-Met antibody or HGF knockdown in BMSCs significantly reversed the functional improvement mediated by the BMSC-CM. Conclusions The MSC-associated biological effects on the recovery of SCI rats mainly depend on the secretion of HGF.
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8
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Hwang JW, Loisel-Duwattez J, Desterke C, Latsis T, Pagliaro S, Griscelli F, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Turhan AG. A novel neuronal organoid model mimicking glioblastoma (GBM) features from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129540. [PMID: 31978452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current experimental models using either human or mouse cell lines, are not representative of the complex features of GBM. In particular, there is no model to study patient-derived iPSCs to generate a GBM model. Overexpression of c-met gene is one of the molecular features of GBM leading to increased signaling via STAT3 phosphorylation. We generated an iPSC line from a patient with c-met mutation and we asked whether we could use it to generate neuronal-like organoids mimicking features of GBM. METHODS We have generated iPSC-aggregates differentiating towards organoids. We analyzed them by gene expression profiling, immunostaining and transmission electronic microscopy analyses (TEM). RESULTS Herein we describe that c-met-mutated iPSC aggregates spontaneously differentiate into dopaminergic neurons more rapidly than control iPSC aggregates in culture. Gene expression profiling of c-met-mutated iPSC aggregates at day +90 showed neuronal- and GBM-related genes, reproducing a genomic network described in primary human GBM. Comparative TEM analyses confirmed the enrichment of these structures in intermediate filaments and abnormal cilia, a feature described in human GBM. The c-met-mutated iPSC-derived organoids, as compared to controls expressed high levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is a typical marker of human GBM, as well as high levels of phospho-MET and phospho-STAT3. The use of temozolomide (TMZ) showed a preferential cytotoxicity of this drug in c-met-mutated neuronal-like organoids. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study shows the feasibility of generating "off-the shelf" neuronal-like organoid model mimicking GBM using c-met-mutated iPSC aggregates and its potential future use in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wook Hwang
- INSERM UMR-S 935, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France; ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Loisel-Duwattez
- INSERM U1195, Université Paris Sud, Faculté de Médecine, APHP, Service de Neurologie, Bicêtre Hospital, 94276 le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Christophe Desterke
- INSERM UMR-S 935, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France; ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Theodoros Latsis
- INSERM UMR-S 935, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France; ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Sarah Pagliaro
- INSERM UMR-S 935, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France; ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Frank Griscelli
- INSERM UMR-S 935, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France; ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | | | - Ali G Turhan
- INSERM UMR-S 935, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France; INGESTEM National IPSC Infrastructure, 94800 Villejuif, France; Division of Hematology, Paris Sud University Hospitals, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 75006, Villejuif 94800, France; ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France.
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9
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Ciuculete DM, Voisin S, Kular L, Welihinda N, Jonsson J, Jagodic M, Mwinyi J, Schiöth HB. Longitudinal DNA methylation changes at MET may alter HGF/c-MET signalling in adolescents at risk for depression. Epigenetics 2019; 15:646-663. [PMID: 31852353 PMCID: PMC7574381 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1700628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unrecognized depression during adolescence can result in adult suicidal behaviour. The aim of this study was to identify, replicate and characterize DNA methylation (DNAm) shifts in depression aetiology, using a longitudinal, multi-tissue (blood and brain) and multi-layered (genetics, epigenetics, transcriptomics) approach. We measured genome-wide blood DNAm data at baseline and one-year follow-up, and imputed genetic variants, in 59 healthy adolescents comprising the discovery cohort. Depression and suicidal symptoms were determined using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) depression band, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale-Self (MADRS-S) and SUicide Assessment Scale (SUAS). DNAm levels at follow-up were regressed against depression scores, adjusting for sex, age and the DNAm residuals at baseline. Higher methylation levels of 5% and 13% at cg24627299 within the MET gene were associated with higher depression scores (praw<1e-4) and susceptibility for suicidal symptoms (padj.<0.005). The nearby rs39748 was discovered to be a methylation and expression quantitative trait locus in blood cells. mRNA levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression, known to strongly interact with MET, were inversely associated with methylation levels at cg24627299, in an independent cohort of 1180 CD14+ samples. In an open-access dataset of brain tissue, lower methylation at cg24627299 was found in 45 adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder compared with matched controls (padj.<0.05). Furthermore, lower MET expression was identified in the hippocampus of depressed individuals compared with controls in a fourth, independent cohort. Our findings reveal methylation changes at MET in the pathology of depression, possibly involved in downregulation of HGF/c-MET signalling the hippocampal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Ciuculete
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University , Footscray, Australian
| | - Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nipuni Welihinda
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Jonsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow, Russia
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10
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Ma X, Qiu S. Control of cortical synapse development and plasticity by MET receptor tyrosine kinase, a genetic risk factor for autism. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:2115-2129. [PMID: 31746037 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The key developmental milestone events of the human brain, such as neurogenesis, synapse formation, maturation, and plasticity, are determined by a myriad of molecular signaling events, including those mediated by a number of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their cognate ligands. Aberrant or mistimed brain development and plasticity can lead to maladaptive changes, such as dysregulated synaptic connectivity and breakdown of circuit functions necessary for cognition and adaptive behaviors, which are hypothesized pathophysiologies of many neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we review recent literature that supports autism spectrum disorder as a likely result of aberrant synapse development due to mistimed maturation and plasticity. We focus on MET RTK, a prominent genetic risk factor for autism, and discuss how a pleiotropic molecular signaling system engaged by MET exemplifies a genetic program that controls cortical circuit development and plasticity by modulating the anatomical and functional connectivity of cortical circuits, thus conferring genetic risk for neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokuang Ma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Shenfeng Qiu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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11
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c-Fos is necessary for HGF-mediated gene regulation and cell migration in Schwann cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2855-2860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Boldyreva M, Bondar I, Stafeev I, Makarevich P, Beloglazova I, Zubkova E, Shevchenko E, Molokotina Y, Karagyaur M, Rаtner Е, Parfyonova YV. Plasmid-based gene therapy with hepatocyte growth factor stimulates peripheral nerve regeneration after traumatic injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Tsiambas E, Lefas AY, Georgiannos SN, Ragos V, Fotiades PP, Grapsa D, Stamatelopoulos A, Kavantzas N, Patsouris E, Syrigos K. EGFR gene deregulation mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma: A molecular review. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:672-7. [PMID: 27461822 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For the last two decades, evolution in molecular biology has expanded our knowledge in decoding a broad spectrum of genomic imbalances that progressively lead normal cells to a neoplastic state and finally to complete malignant transformation. Concerning oncogenes and signaling transduction pathways mediated by them, identification of specific gene alterations remains a critical process for handling patients by applying targeted therapeutic regimens. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in normal cells. EGFR mutations and amplification represent the gene's main deregulation mechanisms in cancers of different histo-genetic origin. Furthermore, intra-cancer molecular heterogeneity due to clonal rise and expansion mainly explains the variable resistance to novel anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (mAb), and also tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). According to recently published 2015 WHO new classification, lung cancer is the leading cause of death related to cancer and its incidence is still on the increase worldwide. The majority of patients suffering from lung cancer are diagnosed with epithelial tumors (adenocarcinoma predominantly and squamous cell carcinoma represent ∼85% of all pathologically defined lung cancer cases). In those patients, EGFR-activating somatic mutations in exons 18/19/20/21 modify patients' sensitivity (i.e. exon 21 L858R, exon 19 LREA deletion) or resistance (ie exon 20 T790M and/or insertion) to TKI mediated targeted therapeutic strategies. Additionally, the role of specific micro-RNAs that affect EGFR regulation is under investigation. In the current review, we focused on EGFR gene/protein structural and functional aspects and the corresponding alterations that occur mainly in lung adenocarcinoma to critically modify its molecular landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Tsiambas
- Dept of IHC & Mol Biology, 401 GAH, Athens, Greece; Dept of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | - Vasileios Ragos
- Dept of Maxillofacial, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Dimitra Grapsa
- 3rd Dept of Medicine, Athens School of Medicine, "Sotiria" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Konstantinos Syrigos
- 3rd Dept of Medicine, Athens School of Medicine, "Sotiria" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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14
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Kelley K, Knisely J, Symons M, Ruggieri R. Radioresistance of Brain Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8040042. [PMID: 27043632 PMCID: PMC4846851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is frequently used as part of the standard of care treatment of the majority of brain tumors. The efficacy of RT is limited by radioresistance and by normal tissue radiation tolerance. This is highlighted in pediatric brain tumors where the use of radiation is limited by the excessive toxicity to the developing brain. For these reasons, radiosensitization of tumor cells would be beneficial. In this review, we focus on radioresistance mechanisms intrinsic to tumor cells. We also evaluate existing approaches to induce radiosensitization and explore future avenues of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kelley
- Radiation Medicine Department, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Jonathan Knisely
- Radiation Medicine Department, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Marc Symons
- The Feinstein Institute for Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Rosamaria Ruggieri
- Radiation Medicine Department, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
- The Feinstein Institute for Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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15
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Frisch RN, Curtis KM, Aenlle KK, Howard GA. Hepatocyte growth factor and alternative splice variants - expression, regulation and implications in osteogenesis and bone health and repair. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1087-98. [PMID: 26941128 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1162293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into multiple cell types, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. These pluripotent cells secrete hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which regulates cell growth, survival, motility, migration, mitogenesis and is important for tissue development/regeneration. HGF has four splice variants, NK1, NK2, NK3, and NK4 which have varying functions and affinities for the HGF receptor, cMET. HGF promotes osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs into bone forming cells, playing a role in bone development, health and repair. AREAS COVERED This review will focus on the effects of HGF in osteogenesis, bone repair and bone health, including structural and functional insights into the role of HGF in the body. EXPERT OPINION Approximately 6.2 million Americans experience a fracture annually, with 5-10% being mal- or non-union fractures. HGF is important in priming MSCs for osteogenic differentiation in vitro and is currently being studied to assess its role during bone repair in vivo. Due to the high turnover rate of systemic HGF, non-classic modes of HGF-treatment, including naked-plasmid HGF delivery and the use of HGF splice variants (NK1 & NK2) are being studied to find safe and efficacious treatments for bone disorders, such as mal- or non-union fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Frisch
- a Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and Research Service , Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Kevin M Curtis
- a Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and Research Service , Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami , FL , USA.,b Biochemistry & Molecular Biology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Kristina K Aenlle
- a Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and Research Service , Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Guy A Howard
- a Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and Research Service , Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami , FL , USA.,b Biochemistry & Molecular Biology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA.,c Medicine , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
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16
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Ba W, Selten MM, van der Raadt J, van Veen H, Li LL, Benevento M, Oudakker AR, Lasabuda RSE, Letteboer SJ, Roepman R, van Wezel RJA, Courtney MJ, van Bokhoven H, Nadif Kasri N. ARHGAP12 Functions as a Developmental Brake on Excitatory Synapse Function. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1355-1368. [PMID: 26854232 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that promote excitatory synapse development have been extensively studied. However, the molecular events preventing precocious excitatory synapse development so that synapses form at the correct time and place are less well understood. Here, we report the functional characterization of ARHGAP12, a previously uncharacterized Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) in the brain. ARHGAP12 is specifically expressed in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, where it localizes to the postsynaptic compartment of excitatory synapses. ARHGAP12 negatively controls spine size via its RhoGAP activity and promotes, by interacting with CIP4, postsynaptic AMPA receptor endocytosis. Arhgap12 knockdown results in precocious maturation of excitatory synapses, as indicated by a reduction in the proportion of silent synapses. Collectively, our data show that ARHGAP12 is a synaptic RhoGAP that regulates excitatory synaptic structure and function during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ba
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M M Selten
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J van der Raadt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - H van Veen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 30508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L-L Li
- Molecular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - M Benevento
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A R Oudakker
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - R S E Lasabuda
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - S J Letteboer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - R Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - R J A van Wezel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Biomedical Signal and Systems, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - M J Courtney
- Molecular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Abo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - H van Bokhoven
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - N Nadif Kasri
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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17
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Tejera-Alhambra M, Casrouge A, de Andrés C, Seyfferth A, Ramos-Medina R, Alonso B, Vega J, Fernández-Paredes L, Albert ML, Sánchez-Ramón S. Plasma biomarkers discriminate clinical forms of multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128952. [PMID: 26039252 PMCID: PMC4454618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis, the most common cause of neurological disability in young population after trauma, represents a significant public health burden. Current challenges associated with management of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients stem from the lack of biomarkers that might enable stratification of the different clinical forms of MS and thus prompt treatment for those patients with progressive MS, for whom there is currently no therapy available. In the present work we analyzed a set of thirty different plasma cytokines, chemokines and growth factors present in circulation of 129 MS patients with different clinical forms (relapsing remitting, secondary progressive and primary progressive MS) and 53 healthy controls, across two independent cohorts. The set of plasma analytes was quantified with Luminex xMAP technology and their predictive power regarding clinical outcome was evaluated both individually using ROC curves and in combination using logistic regression analysis. Our results from two independent cohorts of MS patients demonstrate that the divergent clinical and histology-based MS forms are associated with distinct profiles of circulating plasma protein biomarkers, with distinct signatures being composed of chemokines and growth/angiogenic factors. With this work, we propose that an evaluation of a set of 4 circulating biomarkers (HGF, Eotaxin/CCL11, EGF and MIP-1β/CCL4) in MS patients might serve as an effective tool in the diagnosis and more personalized therapeutic targeting of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tejera-Alhambra
- Department of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Armanda Casrouge
- Department of Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Department of Immunology, INSERM U818, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Clara de Andrés
- Department of Neurology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Ramos-Medina
- Department of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Alonso
- Department of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Janet Vega
- Center Alicia Koplowitz for Multiple Sclerosis of the Community of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Matthew L. Albert
- Department of Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Department of Immunology, INSERM U818, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Sánchez-Ramón
- Department of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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18
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Jiang H, Jiang W, Zou J, Wang B, Yu M, Pan Y, Lin Y, Mao Y, Wang Y. The GluN2B subunit of N-methy-D-asparate receptor regulates the radial migration of cortical neurons in vivo. Brain Res 2015; 1610:20-32. [PMID: 25838242 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of layered structure of the mammalian neocortex requires a fine organized migration of post-mitotic neurons during early development. However, whether the radial migration is regulated by NMDA receptor and specific subunits remains contradictory and unknown. Here, we reported that in the developing rat cortex, migration of presumptive layer II/III neurons to their deserved destination was regulated by NMDA receptors with GluN2B but not GluN2A subunit. Using in utero electroporation of small interference RNA (siRNA) of distinct NMDA receptor subunits, we found that knockdown GluN1 and GluN2B subunits dramatically delayed the neuronal migration to proper layer II/III, while improperly stayed at lower layers or even the germinal regions, without changing the cell fate. In contrast, knockdown of GluN2A subunit did not impair the neuronal migration. Additionally, the ecotopic neurons by GluN2B RNAi developed to well dendritic differentiation, while the ones by GluN1 RNAi still kept morphology of migrating neurons. Therefore, GluN2B subunit of NMDA receptor plays an essential role in regulating proper neuronal migration and cortical lamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Jiang
- Neurology Department, Shanghai Tenth People׳s Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Weiqing Jiang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Baoxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Mingrong Yu
- Neurology Department, Qiqihar Hospital, Heilongjiang Agriculture Reclamation Bureau, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Yuanmei Pan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yingwei Mao
- Department of Biology, 214 Life Sciences Building Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Neurology Department, Shanghai Tenth People׳s Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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19
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Van Der Steen N, Pauwels P, Gil-Bazo I, Castañon E, Raez L, Cappuzzo F, Rolfo C. cMET in NSCLC: Can We Cut off the Head of the Hydra? From the Pathway to the Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:556-73. [PMID: 25815459 PMCID: PMC4491670 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7020556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the tyrosine kinase receptor cMET, together with its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has become a target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Signalization via cMET stimulates several oncological processes amongst which are cell motility, invasion and metastasis. It also confers resistance against several currently used targeted therapies, e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. In this review, we will discuss the basic structure of cMET and the most important signaling pathways. We will also look into aberrations in the signaling and the effects thereof in cancer growth, with the focus on NSCLC. Finally, we will discuss the role of cMET as resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Van Der Steen
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium; E-Mails: (N.V.D.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium; E-Mails: (N.V.D.S.); (P.P.)
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Pathology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem 2650, Belgium
| | - Ignacio Gil-Bazo
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain; E-Mails: (I.G.-B.); (E.C.)
| | - Eduardo Castañon
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain; E-Mails: (I.G.-B.); (E.C.)
- Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem 2650, Belgium
| | - Luis Raez
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Pembroke Pines, FL 33024, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Federico Cappuzzo
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Pembroke Pines, FL 33024, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium; E-Mails: (N.V.D.S.); (P.P.)
- Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem 2650, Belgium
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +32-3-821-3646; Fax: +32-3-825-1592
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20
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Sie M, den Dunnen WFA, Lourens HJ, Meeuwsen-de Boer TGJ, Scherpen FJG, Zomerman WW, Kampen KR, Hoving EW, de Bont ESJM. Growth-factor-driven rescue to receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors through Akt and Erk phosphorylation in pediatric low grade astrocytoma and ependymoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122555. [PMID: 25799134 PMCID: PMC4370756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to now, several clinical studies have been started investigating the relevance of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors upon progression free survival in various pediatric brain tumors. However, single targeted kinase inhibition failed, possibly due to tumor resistance mechanisms. The present study will extend our previous observations that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2, platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)β, Src, the epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB) family, and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR/cMet) are potentially drugable targets in pediatric low grade astrocytoma and ependymoma with investigations concerning growth-factor-driven rescue. This was investigated in pediatric low grade astrocytoma and ependymoma cell lines treated with receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors e.g. sorafenib, dasatinib, canertinib and crizotinib. Flow cytometry analyses showed high percentage of cells expressing VEGFR-1, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-1, ErbB1/EGFR, HGFR and recepteur d’origine nantais (RON) (respectively 52-77%, 34-51%, 63-90%, 83-98%, 65-95%). Their respective inhibitors induced decrease of cell viability, measured with WST-1 cell viability assays. At least this was partially due to increased apoptotic levels measured by Annexin V/Propidium Iodide apoptosis assays. EGF, HGF and FGF, which are normally expressed in brain (tumor) tissue, showed to be effective rescue inducing growth factors resulting in increased cell survival especially during treatment with dasatinib (complete rescue) or sorafenib (partial rescue). Growth-factor-driven rescue was less prominent when canertinib or crizotinib were used. Rescue was underscored by significantly activating downstream Akt and/or Erk phosphorylation and increased tumor cell migration. Combination treatment showed to be able to overcome the growth-factor-driven rescue. In conclusion, our study highlights the extensive importance of environmentally present growth factors in developing tumor escape towards RTK inhibitors in pediatric low grade astrocytoma and ependymoma. It is of great interest to anticipate upon these results for the design of new therapeutic trials with RTK inhibitors in these pediatric brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Sie
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Oncology/Hematology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F. A. den Dunnen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Pathology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Lourens
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Oncology/Hematology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tiny G. J. Meeuwsen-de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Oncology/Hematology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J. G. Scherpen
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Oncology/Hematology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Walderik W. Zomerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Oncology/Hematology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kim R. Kampen
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Oncology/Hematology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco W. Hoving
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline S. J. M. de Bont
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Oncology/Hematology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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21
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MET receptor tyrosine kinase controls dendritic complexity, spine morphogenesis, and glutamatergic synapse maturation in the hippocampus. J Neurosci 2015; 34:16166-79. [PMID: 25471559 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2580-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), implicated in risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and in functional and structural circuit integrity in humans, is a temporally and spatially regulated receptor enriched in dorsal pallial-derived structures during mouse forebrain development. Here we report that loss or gain of function of MET in vitro or in vivo leads to changes, opposite in nature, in dendritic complexity, spine morphogenesis, and the timing of glutamatergic synapse maturation onto hippocampus CA1 neurons. Consistent with the morphological and biochemical changes, deletion of Met in mutant mice results in precocious maturation of excitatory synapse, as indicated by a reduction of the proportion of silent synapses, a faster GluN2A subunit switch, and an enhanced acquisition of AMPA receptors at synaptic sites. Thus, MET-mediated signaling appears to serve as a mechanism for controlling the timing of neuronal growth and functional maturation. These studies suggest that mistimed maturation of glutamatergic synapses leads to the aberrant neural circuits that may be associated with ASD risk.
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Bernard-Gauthier V, Aliaga A, Aliaga A, Boudjemeline M, Hopewell R, Kostikov A, Rosa-Neto P, Thiel A, Schirrmacher R. Syntheses and evaluation of carbon-11- and fluorine-18-radiolabeled pan-tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) inhibitors: exploration of the 4-aza-2-oxindole scaffold as Trk PET imaging agents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:260-76. [PMID: 25350780 DOI: 10.1021/cn500193f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinases (TrkA/B/C) are critically involved in the development of the nervous system, in neurological disorders as well as in multiple neoplasms of both neural and non-neural origins. The development of Trk radiopharmaceuticals would offer unique opportunities toward a more complete understanding of this emerging therapeutic target. To that end, we first developed [(11)C]GW441756 ([(11)C]9), a high affinity photoisomerizable pan-Trk inhibitor, as a lead radiotracer for our positron emission tomography (PET) program. Efficient carbon-11 radiolabeling afforded [(11)C]9 in high radiochemical yields (isolated RCY, 25.9% ± 5.7%). In vitro autoradiographic studies in rat brain and TrkB-expressing human neuroblastoma cryosections confirmed that [(11)C]9 specifically binds to Trk receptors in vitro. MicroPET studies revealed that binding of [(11)C]9 in the rodent brain was mostly nonspecific despite initial high brain uptake (SUVmax = 2.0). Modeling studies of the 4-aza-2-oxindole scaffold led to the successful identification of a small series of high affinity fluorinated and methoxy derivatized pan-Trk inhibitors based on our lead compound 9. Out of this series, the fluorinated compound 10 was selected for initial evaluation and radiolabeled with fluorine-18 (isolated RCY, 2.5% ± 0.6%). Compound [(18)F]10 demonstrated excellent Trk selectivity in a panel of cancer relevant kinase targets and a promising in vitro profile in tumors and brain sections but high oxidative metabolic susceptibility leading to nonspecific brain distribution in vivo. The information gained in this study will guide further exploration of the 4-aza-2-oxindole scaffold as a lead for Trk PET ligand development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Experimental
Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1110 Pine
Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Arturo Aliaga
- Translational
Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Antonio Aliaga
- McConnell
Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Mehdi Boudjemeline
- McConnell
Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Robert Hopewell
- McConnell
Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexey Kostikov
- McConnell
Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Translational
Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Alexander Thiel
- Department
of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote St. Catherine Rd., Montreal, Quebec H2T 1E2, Canada
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
- McConnell
Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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Zeng W, Ju R, Mao M. Therapeutic potential of hepatocyte growth factor against cerebral ischemia (Review). Exp Ther Med 2014; 9:283-288. [PMID: 25574187 PMCID: PMC4280917 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective treatment for cerebral ischemia has not yet been established. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent pleiotropic cytokine that is involved in cell and tissue regeneration, including in the central nervous system. Studies have demonstrated that an exogenous administration of HGF protects brain tissue from ischemic damage. In response to binding to the receptor c-Met, HGF activates the downstream signaling pathways (including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, Ras/MAPK and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways) which leads to various cellular responses involved in angiogenesis, glial scar formation, anti-apoptosis and neurogenesis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the present understanding of the therapeutic potential of HGF in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zeng
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Rong Ju
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Meng Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Yamada N, Nakagawa S, Horai S, Tanaka K, Deli MA, Yatsuhashi H, Niwa M. Hepatocyte growth factor enhances the barrier function in primary cultures of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2013; 92:41-9. [PMID: 24370951 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on barrier functions were investigated by a blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vitro model comprising a primary culture of rat brain capillary endothelial cells (RBEC). In order to examine the response of the peripheral endothelial cells to HGF, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) were also treated with HGF. HGF decreased the permeability of RBEC to sodium fluorescein and Evans blue albumin, and dose-dependently increased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) in RBEC. HGF altered the immunochemical staining pattern of F-actin bands and made ZO-1 staining more distinct on the linear cell borders in RBEC. In contrast, HGF increased sodium fluorescein and Evans blue albumin permeability in HMVEC and HUVEC, and decreased TEER in HMVEC. In HMVEC, HGF reduced cortical actin bands and increased stress fiber density, and increased the zipper-like appearance of ZO-1 staining. Western blot analysis showed that HGF significantly increased the amount of ZO-1 and VE-cadherin. HGF seems to act on the BBB to strengthen BBB integrity. These findings indicated that cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell-cell adhesion, such as through VE-cadherin and ZO-1, are candidate mechanisms for the influence of HGF on the BBB. The possibility that HGF has therapeutic significance in protecting the BBB from damage needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Yamada
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, 2-1001-1 Kubara, Omura 856-8562, Japan; Department of Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 2-1001-1 Kubara, Omura 856-8562, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; BBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Company, Ltd., 1-43 Dejima, Nagasaki 850-0862, Japan.
| | - Shoji Horai
- Department of Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Maria A Deli
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuhashi
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, 2-1001-1 Kubara, Omura 856-8562, Japan; Department of Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 2-1001-1 Kubara, Omura 856-8562, Japan
| | - Masami Niwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; BBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Company, Ltd., 1-43 Dejima, Nagasaki 850-0862, Japan
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25
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Bissonette GB, Bae MH, Suresh T, Jaffe DE, Powell EM. Prefrontal cognitive deficits in mice with altered cerebral cortical GABAergic interneurons. Behav Brain Res 2013; 259:143-51. [PMID: 24211452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of inhibitory GABAergic neurons are implicated in multiple psychiatric and neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, autism and epilepsy. In particular, interneuron deficits in prefrontal areas, along with presumed decreased inhibition, have been reported in several human patients. The majority of forebrain GABAergic interneurons arise from a single subcortical source before migrating to their final regional destination. Factors that govern the interneuron populations have been identified, demonstrating that a single gene mutation may globally affect forebrain structures or a single area. In particular, mice lacking the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (Plaur) gene have decreased GABAergic interneurons in frontal and parietal, but not caudal, cortical regions. Plaur assists in the activation of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), and several of the interneuron deficits are correlated with decreased levels of HGF/SF. In some cortical regions, the interneuron deficit can be remediated by endogenous overexpression of HGF/SF. In this study, we demonstrate decreased parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in the medial frontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus or basal lateral amygdala in the Plaur null mouse. The Plaur null mouse demonstrates impaired medial frontal cortical function in extinction of cued fear conditioning and the inability to form attentional sets. Endogenous HGF/SF overexpression increased the number of PV-expressing cells in medial frontal cortical areas to levels greater than found in wildtype mice, but did not remediate the behavioral deficits. These data suggest that proper medial frontal cortical function is dependent upon optimum levels of inhibition and that a deficit or excess of interneuron numbers impairs normal cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B Bissonette
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mihyun H Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tejas Suresh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - David E Jaffe
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Powell
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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CD82 blocks cMet activation and overcomes hepatocyte growth factor effects on oligodendrocyte precursor differentiation. J Neurosci 2013; 33:7952-60. [PMID: 23637186 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5836-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that regulate oligodendrocyte (OL) precursor migration and differentiation are important in normal development and in demyelinating/remyelinating conditions. We previously found that the tetraspanin CD82 is far more highly expressed in O4(+) OL precursors of the adult rat brain than those of the neonatal brain. CD82 has been physically linked to cMet, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, in tumor cells, and this interaction decreases downstream signaling. We show here that CD82 inhibits the HGF activation of cMet in neonatal and adult rat OL precursors. CD82 expression is sufficient to allow precursor differentiation into mature OLs even in the presence of HGF. In contrast, CD82 downregulation in adult O4(+)/CD82(+) cells inhibits their differentiation, decreases their accumulation of myelin proteins, and causes a reversion to less mature stages. CD82 expression in neonatal O4(+)/CD82(-) cells also blocks Rac1 activation, suggesting a possible regulatory effect on cytoskeletal organization and mobility. Thus, CD82 is a negative regulator of HGF/cMet during OL development and overcomes HGF inhibitory regulation of OL precursor maturation.
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Ishitobi Y, Kohno K, Kanehisa M, Inoue A, Imanaga J, Maruyama Y, Ninomiya T, Higuma H, Okamoto S, Tanaka Y, Tsuru J, Hanada H, Isogawa K, Akiyoshi J. Serum ghrelin levels and the effects of antidepressants in major depressive disorder and panic disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2013; 66:185-92. [PMID: 22948519 DOI: 10.1159/000339948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two opposing models for the action of ghrelin in the behavioral responses to stress were recently proposed. Some studies suggest that an increase in ghrelin contributes to the mechanisms responsible for the development of stress-induced depression and anxiety, while others suggest that it helps minimize what otherwise would be more severe manifestations of depression and anxiety following stress. METHODS We measured serum ghrelin levels, Profile of Mood States (POMS) scores and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores in nonresponders (treatment-resistant patients; 30) and responders (38) with major depressive disorder (MDD), nonresponders (29) and responders (51) with panic disorder and 97 healthy controls. RESULTS The ghrelin concentration in nonresponders with MDD was higher than that of responders with MDD and normal controls. The ghrelin concentration in nonresponders with panic disorder was higher than that of normal controls. POMS vigor scores in patients with MDD and panic disorder were significantly decreased compared with those in healthy controls. Other POMS scores in patients with MDD and panic disorder were significantly increased compared with those of healthy controls. Trait and state anxiety of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in MDD and panic disorder patients were higher than those in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that decreased serum ghrelin levels might be associated with antidepressant treatment to confer the maximum therapeutic effect in patients with MDD and panic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Ishitobi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
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Lee S, Tong M, Hang S, Deochand C, de la Monte S. CSF and Brain Indices of Insulin Resistance, Oxidative Stress and Neuro-Inflammation in Early versus Late Alzheimer's Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 3:128. [PMID: 25035815 PMCID: PMC4096626 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0460.1000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive impairments in cognitive and behavioral functions with deficits in learning, memory and executive reasoning. Growing evidence points toward brain insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) resistance-mediated metabolic derangements as critical etiologic factors in AD. This suggests that indices of insulin/IGF resistance and their consequences, i.e. oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, and reduced neuronal plasticity, should be included in biomarker panels for AD. Herein, we examine a range of metabolic, inflammatory, stress, and neuronal plasticity related proteins in early AD, late AD, and aged control postmortem brain, postmortem ventricular fluid (VF), and clinical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. In AD brain, VF, and CSF samples the trends with respect to alterations in metabolic, neurotrophin, and stress indices were similar, but for pro-inflammatory cytokines, the patterns were discordant. With the greater severities of dementia and neurodegeneration, the differences from control were more pronounced for late AD (VF and brain) than early or moderate AD (brain, VF and CSF). The findings suggest that the inclusion of metabolic, neurotrophin, stress biomarkers in AβPP-Aβ+pTau CSF-based panels could provide more information about the status and progression of neurodegeneration, as well as aid in predicting progression from early- to late-stage AD. Furthermore, standardized multi-targeted molecular assays of neurodegeneration could help streamline postmortem diagnoses, including assessments of AD severity and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lee
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Steven Hang
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chetram Deochand
- Departments of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne de la Monte
- Department of Medicine, Pathology (Neuropathology), Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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29
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Müller AM, Jun E, Conlon H, Sadiq SA. Cerebrospinal hepatocyte growth factor levels correlate negatively with disease activity in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 251:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hepatocyte growth factor mediates mesenchymal stem cell–induced recovery in multiple sclerosis models. Nat Neurosci 2012; 15:862-70. [PMID: 22610068 PMCID: PMC3427471 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have emerged as a potential therapy for a range of neural insults. In animal models of multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease that targets oligodendrocytes and myelin, treatment with human MSCs results in functional improvement that reflects both modulation of the immune response and myelin repair. Here we demonstrate that conditioned medium (CM) from human MSCs reduces functional deficits in mouse MOG35–55-induced EAE and promotes the development of oligodendrocytes and neurons. Functional assays identify a critical role for Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and its primary receptor cMet in MSCs stimulated recovery in EAE, neural cell development and remyelination. Active MSC-CM contains HGF and exogenously supplied HGF promotes recovery in EAE while cMet and anti-HGF antibodies block the functional recovery mediated by HGF and MSC-CM. Systemic treatment with HGF dramatically accelerated remyelination in lysolecithin-induced rat dorsal spinal cord lesions and in slice cultures. Together these data strongly implicate HGF in mediating MSC-stimulated functional recovery in animal models of multiple sclerosis.
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31
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Smith JM, Xu J, Powell EM. Age dependent forebrain structural changes in mice deficient in the autism associated gene Met tyrosine kinase. Neuroimage Clin 2012; 1:66-74. [PMID: 24179738 PMCID: PMC3757733 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The MET tyrosine kinase has been identified as a susceptibility gene in patients with autism spectrum disorders. MET is expressed in the forebrain during prenatal and postnatal development. After birth, MET participates in dendritic outgrowth and circuit formation. Alterations in neuronal development, particularly in the cerebral cortex, may contribute to the pathology of developmental disorders, including autism. Patients with autism can exhibit abnormal cortical volumes and head circumferences. We tested the hypothesis that impaired Met signaling during development alters forebrain structure. We have utilized a conditional mutant mouse line which expresses a kinase-dead Met restricted to the cerebral cortex and hippocampal structures. In these mice, we have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to analyze the structure of the cerebral cortex and related structures across postnatal development. We found that the rostral cortex, caudal hippocampus, dorsal striatum, thalamus, and corpus callosum were all larger in adult, but not juvenile, mutant mice relative to control mice. The specificity of the changes suggests that aberrant expansion of the forebrain is consistent with continued axonal and dendritic growth, potentially leading to improper circuit formation and maintenance.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Autism
- CC, corpus callosum
- Corpus callosum
- Frontal cortex
- H,hipp, hippocampus
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- K–S, Kolmogorov–Smirnov
- MRI
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- Met tyrosine kinase
- Mouse
- P, postnatal day
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- RARE, rapid acquisition relaxation enhancement
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- bp, base pairs
- ctx, cerebral cortex
- mm, millimeter
- str, striatum
- th,thal, thalamus
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Smith
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Graduate School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Xu
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Powell
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Graduate School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kasukawa T, Masumoto KH, Nikaido I, Nagano M, Uno KD, Tsujino K, Hanashima C, Shigeyoshi Y, Ueda HR. Quantitative expression profile of distinct functional regions in the adult mouse brain. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23228. [PMID: 21858037 PMCID: PMC3155528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian brain is composed of distinct regions with specialized roles including regulation of circadian clocks, feeding, sleep/awake, and seasonal rhythms. To find quantitative differences of expression among such various brain regions, we conducted the BrainStars (B*) project, in which we profiled the genome-wide expression of ∼50 small brain regions, including sensory centers, and centers for motion, time, memory, fear, and feeding. To avoid confounds from temporal differences in gene expression, we sampled each region every 4 hours for 24 hours, and pooled the samples for DNA-microarray assays. Therefore, we focused on spatial differences in gene expression. We used informatics to identify candidate genes with expression changes showing high or low expression in specific regions. We also identified candidate genes with stable expression across brain regions that can be used as new internal control genes, and ligand-receptor interactions of neurohormones and neurotransmitters. Through these analyses, we found 8,159 multi-state genes, 2,212 regional marker gene candidates for 44 small brain regions, 915 internal control gene candidates, and 23,864 inferred ligand-receptor interactions. We also found that these sets include well-known genes as well as novel candidate genes that might be related to specific functions in brain regions. We used our findings to develop an integrated database (http://brainstars.org/) for exploring genome-wide expression in the adult mouse brain, and have made this database openly accessible. These new resources will help accelerate the functional analysis of the mammalian brain and the elucidation of its regulatory network systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeya Kasukawa
- Functional Genomics Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koh-hei Masumoto
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Itoshi Nikaido
- Functional Genomics Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Nagano
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro D. Uno
- Functional Genomics Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kaori Tsujino
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Carina Hanashima
- Laboratory for Neocortical Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Shigeyoshi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (HRU); (YS)
| | - Hiroki R. Ueda
- Functional Genomics Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Mathematics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail: (HRU); (YS)
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Administration of hepatocyte growth factor increases reelin and disabled 1 expression in the mouse cerebral cortex: an in vivo study. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 31:1267-70. [PMID: 21701912 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, c-Met, are widely expressed in the developing brain. HGF also known as scatter factor enhances cell proliferation and cell growth, and stimulates cell migration and motility. Neurons and glia produced in the neuroepithelium migrate along radial glial fibers into the cortical plate. Reelin, a glycoprotein which is produced by Cajal-Retzius cells in the marginal zone directs neuronal migration indirectly via the radial glial cells. It has been demonstrated that Disabled 1 functions downstream of reelin in a tyrosin kinase signal transduction pathway that controls appropriate cell positioning in the developing brain. In this study, administration of HGF on reelin and Disabled 1 expression in the cerebral cortex has been studied. Using Western blot, it was shown that the expression of reelin and Disabled 1 is increased in response to infusion of HGF when compared to control group. It is concluded that HGF is essential for reelin and Disabled 1 expression in the cerebral cortex of the newborn mouse. Moreover, this method may be applied to the other factors, allowing identification of molecules involved in neural cell migration.
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Acute hepatocyte growth factor treatment induces long-term neuroprotection and stroke recovery via mechanisms involving neural precursor cell proliferation and differentiation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2011; 31:1251-62. [PMID: 21119693 PMCID: PMC3099629 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2010.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is an interesting candidate for acute stroke treatment as shown by continuous infusion or gene delivery protocols. However, little is known about HGF-mediated long-term effects. The present study therefore analyzed long-term effects of an acute intrastriatal HGF treatment (5 μg) after a 45-minute stroke, with regard to brain injury and neurologic recovery. Hepatocyte growth factor induced long-term neuroprotection as assessed by infarct volume and neuronal cell death analysis for as long as 4 weeks after stroke, which was associated with sustained neurologic recovery as evidenced by corner-turn and tight-rope tests. Analyzing underlying mechanisms of HGF-induced sustained neuroprotection, enhanced cell proliferation followed by increased neuronal differentiation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) was observed in the ischemic striatum of HGF-treated mice, which persisted for up to 4 weeks. In line with this, HGF promoted neurosphere formation as well as proliferation of NPC and decreased caspase-3-dependent hypoxic injury in vitro. Preservation of blood-brain barrier integrity 24 hours after stroke was furthermore noticed in animals receiving HGF, which was associated with the inhibition of matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 at 4 and 24 hours, respectively. We suggest that sustained recruitment of proliferating cells together with improved neurovascular remodeling provides an explanation for HGF-induced long-term neuroprotection.
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Kanehisa M, Ishitobi Y, Ando T, Okamoto S, Maruyama Y, Kohno K, Ninomiya T, Higuma H, Tanaka Y, Tsuru J, Hanada H, Kodama K, Akiyoshi J. Serum hepatocyte growth factor levels and the effects of antidepressants in panic disorder. Neuropeptides 2010; 44:431-5. [PMID: 20483455 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous animal studies have suggested that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) could be associated with depression- and anxiety-related behaviors. Our aim was to relate serum HGF levels with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Profile of Mood State (POMS), and Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) scores in patients with panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia) and healthy controls. We examined 67 patients with panic disorders and 97 controls. Patients were split into two groups according to whether they exhibited a 50% improvement in test scores (good/high response group: n = 26) or not (poor/low response group: n = 41). In both healthy control and panic disorder individuals, there were no significant associations between HGF serum levels and STAI or NEO-PI-R scores. However, there was a significant correlation between serum HGF levels and fatigue in healthy control subjects in as scored by POMS testing. HGF concentration in the good/high response group was significantly elevated compared to both the low/poor response group (p < 0.01) and the control group (p < 0.01). HGF levels in the poor response group did not differ from the control group (p = 0.48). These results indicate that increased serum HGF levels might be a requirement for antidepressant efficacy in patients with panic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kanehisa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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Astrocyte-mediated hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor supplementation restores GABAergic interneurons and corrects reversal learning deficits in mice. J Neurosci 2010; 30:2918-23. [PMID: 20181589 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5268-09.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many psychiatric and neurological disorders present persistent neuroanatomical abnormalities in multiple brain regions that may reflect a common origin for a developmental disturbance. In mammals, many of the local GABAergic inhibitory interneurons arise from a single subcortical source. Perturbations in the ontogeny of the GABAergic interneurons may be reflected in the adult by interneuron deficits in both frontal cerebral cortical and striatal regions. Disrupted GABAergic circuitry has been reported in patients with schizophrenia and frontal lobe epilepsy and may contribute to their associated impairments in behavioral flexibility. The present study demonstrates that one type of behavioral flexibility, reversal learning, is dependent upon proper numbers of GABAergic interneurons. Mice with abnormal interneuron ontogeny have reduced numbers of parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic local interneurons in the orbitofrontal cortical and striatal regions and impaired reversal leaning. Using a genetic approach, both the anatomical and functional deficiencies are restored with exogenous postnatal growth factor supplementation. These results show that GABAergic local circuitry is critical for modulating behavioral flexibility and that birth defects can be corrected by replenishing crucial growth factors.
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Hepatocyte growth factor inhibits CNS autoimmunity by inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells and CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:6424-9. [PMID: 20332205 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912437107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated diseases of the CNS, such as multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), are characterized by the activation of antigen-presenting cells and the infiltration of autoreactive lymphocytes within the CNS, leading to demyelination, axonal damage, and neurological deficits. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic factor known for both neuronal and oligodendrocytic protective properties. Here, we assess the effect of a selective overexpression of HGF by neurons in the CNS of C57BL/6 mice carrying an HGF transgene (HGF-Tg mice). EAE induced either by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide or by adoptive transfer of T cells was inhibited in HGF-Tg mice. Notably, the level of inflammatory cells infiltrating the CNS decreased, except for CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (T(reg)) cells, which increased. A strong T-helper cell type 2 cytokine bias was observed: IFN-gamma and IL-12p70 decreased in the spinal cord of HGF-Tg mice, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 increased. Antigen-specific response assays showed that HGF is a potent immunomodulatory factor that inhibits dendritic cell (DC) function along with differentiation of IL-10-producing T(reg) cells, a decrease in IL-17-producing T cells, and down-regulation of surface markers of T-cell activation. These effects were reversed fully when DC were pretreated with anti-cMet (HGF receptor) antibodies. Our results suggest that, by combining both potentially neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects, HGF is a promising candidate for the development of new treatments for immune-mediated demyelinating diseases associated with neurodegeneration such as multiple sclerosis.
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40
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Bae MH, Bissonette GB, Mars WM, Michalopoulos GK, Achim CL, Depireux DA, Powell EM. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) modulates GABAergic inhibition and seizure susceptibility. Exp Neurol 2009; 221:129-35. [PMID: 19853606 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted ontogeny of forebrain inhibitory interneurons leads to neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Adult mice lacking the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (Plaur) have decreased numbers of neocortical GABAergic interneurons and spontaneous seizures, attributed to a reduction of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF). We report that by increasing endogenous HGF/SF concentration in the postnatal Plaur null mouse brain maintains the interneuron populations in the adult, reverses the seizure behavior and stabilizes the spontaneous electroencephalogram activity. The perinatal intervention provides a pathway to reverse potential birth defects and ameliorate seizures in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun H Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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41
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Nicoleau C, Benzakour O, Agasse F, Thiriet N, Petit J, Prestoz L, Roger M, Jaber M, Coronas V. Endogenous hepatocyte growth factor is a niche signal for subventricular zone neural stem cell amplification and self-renewal. Stem Cells 2009; 27:408-19. [PMID: 18988709 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2008-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells persist in the adult mammalian brain, within the subventricular zone (SVZ). The endogenous mechanisms underpinning SVZ neural stem cell proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation are not fully elucidated. In the present report, we describe a growth-stimulatory activity of liver explant-conditioned media on SVZ cell cultures and identify hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as a major player in this effect. HGF exhibited a mitogenic activity on SVZ cell cultures in a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (ERK1/2)-dependent manner as U0126, a specific MAPK inhibitor, blocked it. Combining a functional neurosphere forming assay with immunostaining for c-Met, along with markers of SVZ cells subtypes, demonstrated that HGF promotes the expansion of neural stem-like cells that form neurospheres and self-renew. Immunostaining, HGF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Madin-Darby canine kidney cell scattering assay indicated that SVZ cell cultures produce and release HGF. SVZ cell-conditioned media induced proliferation on SVZ cell cultures, which was blocked by HGF-neutralizing antibodies, hence implying that endogenously produced HGF accounts for a major part in SVZ mitogenic activity. Brain sections immunostaining revealed that HGF is produced by nestin-expressing cells and c-Met is expressed within the SVZ by immature cells. HGF intracerebroventricular injection promoted SVZ cell proliferation and increased the ability of these cells exposed in vivo to HGF to form neurospheres in vitro, whereas intracerebroventricular injection of HGF-neutralizing antibodies decreased SVZ cell proliferation. The present study unravels a major role, both in vitro and in vivo, for endogenous HGF in SVZ neural stem cell growth and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Nicoleau
- Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, University of Poitiers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Poitiers, France
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42
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Takeo S, Takagi N, Takagi K, Date I, Ishida K, Besshoh S, Nakamura T, Tanonaka K. Hepatocyte growth factor suppresses ischemic cerebral edema in rats with microsphere embolism. Neurosci Lett 2008; 448:125-9. [PMID: 18938210 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at determining whether human recombinant hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) ameliorates cerebral edema induced by microsphere embolism (ME). Rats were injected with 700 microspheres (48 microm in diameter). Continuous administration of HGF at 13 microg/3 days/animal into the right ventricle was started from 10 min after embolism to the end of the experiment by using an osmotic pump. On day 3 after the ME, the rats were anesthetized, and their brains were perfused with an isotonic mannitol solution to eliminate constituents in the vascular and extracellular spaces. Thereafter, tissue water and cation contents were determined. A significant increase in tissue water content of the right hemisphere by ME was seen. This ME-induced increase in water content was associated with increases in tissue sodium and calcium ion contents and decreases in tissue potassium and magnesium ion contents of the right hemisphere. The treatment of the animal with HGF suppressed the increases in water and sodium and calcium ion contents, but not the decreases in potassium and magnesium ion contents. These results suggest that HGF suppresses the formation of ischemic cerebral edema provoked intracellularly in rats with ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takeo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
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Hepatocyte growth factor regulates migration of olfactory interneuron precursors in the rostral migratory stream through Met-Grb2 coupling. J Neurosci 2008; 28:5901-9. [PMID: 18524894 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1083-08.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory bulb is one of the few structures in the mammalian forebrain in which continuous neurogenesis takes place throughout life. Neuronal precursors originate from progenitors located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles, move tangentially in chains through the rostral migratory stream (RMS), and reach the olfactory bulb (OB), where they finally differentiate into granule and glomerular interneurons. Multiple molecular factors are involved in controlling the various steps of this neurogenic process. Here, we show that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor Met protein are expressed in vivo in the OB and throughout the migratory pathway, implying that HGF might mediate migratory signals in this system. By using primary in vitro cultures, we demonstrate that HGF promotes migration of RMS neuroblasts, acting both as an inducer and attractant. HGF stimulation on RMS tissue explants selectively induces MAP kinase pathway activation. Furthermore, in vitro analysis of mice with a point mutation in the Met receptor that impairs signal transduction through the Ras/MAP kinase pathway (Met(Grb2/Grb2)) shows that without Met-Grb2 binding, neuroblast migration is reduced. Overall, these findings indicate that HGF signaling via Met-Grb2 coupling influences olfactory interneuron precursor migration along the RMS.
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Wakatsuki M, Akiyoshi J, Ichioka S, Tanaka Y, Tsuru J, Matsushita H, Hanada H, Isogawa K. Administration of antisense DNA for hepatocyte growth factor causes an depressive and anxiogenic response in rats. Neuropeptides 2007; 41:477-83. [PMID: 17767955 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2007] [Revised: 06/24/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is induced in neurons during ischemia and is neuroprotective against post-ischemic delayed neuronal death in the hippocampus. HGF might play an important role in the maturation and functioning of these neurons in the hippocampus. Our aim was to determine what effect HGF antisense has on depression and anxiety in rats. HGF antisense was infused at a constant rate into cerebral lateral ventricles and its effect on anxiety in rats was monitored. In forced swimming test, rats that received antisense DNA increased the length of time that they were immobile in the water. In the elevated plus maze test, the black and white box test and conditioned fear test, HGF antisense administration caused all indicators of anxiety to increase. Number of HGF-positive cells in C1 of hippocampus was significantly decreased in the HGF antisense-infused group compared to the vehicle- and scrambled oligonucleotide-treated group. No significant effect on general locomotor activity was seen. These results indicate that inhibition of HGF induces an increase in depression and anxiety-related behaviors suggesting a depressive and anxiogenic-like effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Wakatsuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita Medical University, Hasama-Machi, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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Hepatocyte growth factor improves synaptic localization of the NMDA receptor and intracellular signaling after excitotoxic injury in cultured hippocampal neurons. Exp Neurol 2007; 210:83-94. [PMID: 18001712 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effects of HGF on synaptic densities under excitotoxic conditions, we investigated changes in the number of puncta detected by double immunostaining with NMDA receptor subunits and presynaptic markers in cultured hippocampal neurons. Exposure of hippocampal neurons to excitotoxic NMDA (100 muM) decreased the synaptic localization of NMDA receptor subunit NR2B, whereas synaptic NR1 and NR2A clusters were not altered. Colocalization of PSD-95, a scaffolding protein of the receptor, with the presynaptic protein synapsin I was also decreased after excitotoxicity. Treatment with HGF attenuated these decreases in number. The decrease in the levels of surface NR2B subunits following the addition of the excitotoxic NMDA was also attenuated by the HGF treatment. The decrease in CREB phosphorylation in response to depolarization-evoked NMDA receptor activation was prevented by the HGF treatment. These results suggest that HGF not only prevented neuronal cell death but also attenuated the decrease in synaptic localization of NMDA receptor subunits and prevented intracellular signaling through the NMDA receptor.
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46
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He F, Wu LX, Shu KX, Liu FY, Yang LJ, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Huang BS, Huang D, Deng XL. HGF protects cultured cortical neurons against hypoxia/reoxygenation induced cell injury via ERK1/2 and PI-3K/Akt pathways. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2007; 61:290-7. [PMID: 17942284 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been revealed to exert multipotent activities on a variety of cells. In this study, we investigated whether HGF had a direct neuroprotection on cultured cerebral cortical neurons subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and explored the intracellular signalings mediated the effects. The decrease in cell viability and increase in number of apoptotic cells resulting from H/R were significantly prevented by HGF pre-treatment. HGF stimulated both ERK1/2 and Akt activities in cortical neurons. Inhibition of ERK activation completely abolished the protective effects of HGF, and inhibition of Akt activation reduced, but did not completely eliminate the HGF mediated neuroprotection. It is suggested that the neuroprotection of HGF depend on ERK1/2 pathway, and, to a lesser extent, PI-3K/Akt pathway. In addition, we found that pre-treatment with HGF remarkably attenuated the decrease in expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL induced by H/R, but failed to affect the amount of Bax. It is likely that Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL contribute to the protective effects of HGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Nakano M, Takagi N, Takagi K, Funakoshi H, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T, Takeo S. Hepatocyte growth factor promotes the number of PSD-95 clusters in young hippocampal neurons. Exp Neurol 2007; 207:195-202. [PMID: 17678646 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor are expressed in various regions of the brain and have protective effects against excitotoxic injuries. However, their effects on synapse formation remain to be elucidated. To determine whether HGF has the ability to alter synaptic function during development, we investigated changes in the number of synapse detected by double immunostaining for NMDA receptor subunits and a presynaptic marker in cultured young hippocampal neurons. Whereas application of HGF increased the number of cluster of synapsin, a presynaptic protein, the clusters of NMDA receptor subunits NR1 and NR2B were not altered. Interestingly, colocalization of PSD-95, a scaffolding protein of the receptor, with synapsin was increased by HGF treatment without a change in the total amount of it. In addition, we investigated the expression of surface NMDA receptor, neuroligin, and neurexin, which were assessed by use of a cell-surface biotinylation assay. The application of HGF did not change the surface expression of these proteins. Furthermore, we determined the release of glutamate in response to depolarization. Treatment with HGF promoted depolarization-evoked release of glutamate. These results suggest that HGF modulates the expression of the scaffolding protein of the NMDA receptor at the synapse and promotes maturation of excitatory synapses in young hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Nakano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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48
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Su W, Xing R, Guha A, Gutmann DH, Sherman LS. Mice with GFAP-targeted loss of neurofibromin demonstrate increased axonal MET expression with aging. Glia 2007; 55:723-33. [PMID: 17348023 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disease that predisposes patients to peripheral nerve tumors and central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities including low-grade astrocytomas and cognitive disabilities. Using mice with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-targeted Nf1 loss (Nf1(GFAP)CKO mice), we found that Nf1(-/-) astrocytes proliferate faster and are more invasive than wild-type astrocytes. In light of our previous finding that aberrant expression of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase contributes to the invasiveness of human NF1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, we sought to determine whether MET expression is aberrant in the brains of Nf1 mutant mice. We found that Nf1(-/-) astrocytes express slightly more MET than wild-type cells in vitro, but do not express elevated MET in situ. However, fiber tracts containing myelinated axons in the hippocampus, midbrain, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum express higher than normal levels of MET in older (> or =6 months) Nf1(GFAP)CKO mice. Both Nf1(GFAP)CKO and wild-type astrocytes induced MET expression in neurites of wild-type hippocampal neurons in vitro, suggesting that astrocyte-derived signals may induce MET in Nf1 mutant mice. Because the Nf1 gene product functions as a RAS GTPase, we examined MET expression in the brains of mice with GFAP-targeted constitutively active forms of RAS. MET was elevated in axonal fiber tracts in mice with active K-RAS but not H-RAS. Collectively, these data suggest that loss of Nf1 in either astrocytes or GFAP(+) neural progenitor cells results in increased axonal MET expression, which may contribute to the CNS abnormalities in children and adults with NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Su
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 158th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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Sugihara G, Hashimoto K, Iwata Y, Nakamura K, Tsujii M, Tsuchiya KJ, Sekine Y, Suzuki K, Suda S, Matsuzaki H, Kawai M, Minabe Y, Yagi A, Takei N, Sugiyama T, Mori N. Decreased serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor in male adults with high-functioning autism. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2007; 31:412-5. [PMID: 17157424 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2006] [Revised: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of autism are currently unknown. Given the role of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in brain development, we hypothesized that HGF plays a role in the pathophysiology of autism. In this study, we studied whether serum HGF levels are altered in subjects with high-functioning autism. METHODS Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we measured serum levels of HGF in 17 male adults with high-functioning autism and age-matched 18 male healthy subjects. RESULTS The serum levels (503.5+/-160.5 pg/mL (mean+/-SD)) of HGF in the subjects with high-functioning autism were significantly (Mann-Whitney U=34.0, p<0.001) lower than those (817.6+/-232.4 pg/mL (mean+/-SD)) of control subjects. However, there were no correlations between serum HGF levels and clinical variables in the patients. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that reduced HGF levels may play a role in the pathophysiology of high-functioning autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genichi Sugihara
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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50
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Sato N, Shimamura M, Takeuchi D, Kurinami H, Ogihara T, Morishita R. Gene therapy for ischemic brain disease with special reference to vascular dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2007.00373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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