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Wei JY, Ma LX, Liu WT, Dong LH, Hou X, Bao XY, Hou W. Mechanisms and protective measures for radiation-induced brachial plexus nerve injury. Brain Res Bull 2024; 210:110924. [PMID: 38460911 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a common treatment modality for patients with malignant tumors of the head and neck, chest and axilla. However, radiotherapy inevitably causes damage to normal tissues at the irradiated site, among which damage to the brachial plexus nerve(BP) is a serious adverse effect in patients receiving radiation therapy in the scapular or axillary regions, with clinical manifestations including abnormal sensation, neuropathic pain, and dyskinesia, etc. These adverse effects seriously reduce the living quality of patients and pose obstacles to their prognosis. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the mechanism of radiation induced brachial plexus injury (RIBP) which remains unclear. Current studies have shown that the pathways of radiation-induced BP injury can be divided into two categories: direct injury and indirect injury, and the indirect injury is closely related to the inflammatory response, microvascular damage, cytokine production and other factors causing radiation-induced fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms of RIBP occurrence and possible effective methods to prevent and treat RIBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ying Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Li Xin Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wen Tong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Li Hua Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xue Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xue Ying Bao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Ramírez O, Pomareda F, Olivares B, Huang YL, Zavala G, Carrasco-Rojas J, Álvarez S, Leiva-Sabadini C, Hidalgo V, Romo P, Sánchez M, Vargas A, Martínez J, Aguayo S, Schuh CMAP. Aloe vera peel-derived nanovesicles display anti-inflammatory properties and prevent myofibroblast differentiation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 122:155108. [PMID: 37844380 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe vera (AV) is a medicinal plant, most known for its beneficial effects on a variety of skin conditions. Its known active compounds include carbohydrates and flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, among others. In the past decade, plant nanovesicles (NVs) have gained considerable interest as interkingdom communicators, presenting an opportunity for clinical standardization of natural products. In this study, we aimed to assess the potential of AVpNVs for the treatment of burn wounds. METHODS AVpNVs were isolated and characterized regarding vesicle yield (nanoparticle tracking analysis) and structure (transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy), as well as their protein content with proteomics. We assessed key characteristics for treating burn wounds in vitro, such as the anti-inflammatory potential in LPS-stimulated macrophages and keratinocytes, and the effect of AVpNVs on myofibroblast differentiation and contraction. KEY FINDINGS AVpNVs presented a homogenous NV population, vesicular shape, and NV-associated protein markers. AVpNVs significantly decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6. Furthermore, AVpNVs inhibited myofibroblast differentiation and significantly decreased their contractile potential in collagen matrices. Observed effects were linked to proteins identified in the isolates through proteomics analysis. CONCLUSION AVpNVs displayed characteristics as an inflammatory modulator, while simultaneously diminishing myofibroblast differentiation and contraction. Novel strategies for burn wound treatment seek to decrease scarring on a cellular and molecular level in the early stages of wound healing, which makes AVpNVs a promising candidate for future plant-vesicle-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Ramírez
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Florencia Pomareda
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Belén Olivares
- Centro de Química Medica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ya-Lin Huang
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Zavala
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Carrasco-Rojas
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simón Álvarez
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Leiva-Sabadini
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Hidalgo
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Romo
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Sánchez
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ayleen Vargas
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessica Martínez
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Aguayo
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Dentistry School, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christina M A P Schuh
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana- Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
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Ablat N, Ablimit M, Abudoukadier A, Kadeer B, Maihemuti A, Bakewaiyi A, Tuerxun A, Aihemaiti A. Liver protection and hemostatic effects of medicinal plant Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M.Johnst extract in a rat model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115739. [PMID: 36126784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M.Johnst. (AE) is a Chinese medicinal herb that is traditionally used to treat various circulatory diseases. It exhibits certain effects, such as the promotion of blood circulation and cooling, rash clearance, and detoxification. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to explore the hepatoprotective and hemostatic effects of the ethyl acetate extract of AE in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were treated via oral gavage with different doses of the ethyl acetate extract of AE (3.5, 7, or 14 g kg-1·day-1) for 14 consecutive days, following which hemostatic and liver function tests were conducted. For the hemostatic tests, the platelet count, blood platelet aggregation, blood platelet adhesion to fibrinogen, platelet factor 4 (PF-4) secretion from blood platelets, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen levels were measured at the end of the treatment period. For the liver function tests, 0.25 mL/200 g (1.25 mL kg-1·day-1) of olive oil was injected into the abdominal cavity of the control rats, whereas 15% CCl4 plus olive oil (prescription: 7.5 mL CCl4 + 42.5 olive oil) was injected into that of the treated rats at 1 h after extract administration on day 6, 13, and 20. Additionally, food and water were withheld from all the animals. On the following day, the rats were anesthetized and their albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. Glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels among the groups were determined using a one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS The platelet count and blood platelet aggregation, blood platelet adhesion to fibrinogen and PF-4 secretion levels were significantly increased in the (3.5 g kg-1 day-1) AE group as compared to those in the control group (all p < 0.001; for the 7 and 14 g kg-1 day-1 AE groups, all p > 0.05, respectively). Although the PT and aPTT were not affected by the AE extract (all p > 0.05), the TT was reduced and the FIB levels were significantly increased in all AE groups (p < 0.05). Liver function tests showed that CCl4 caused significant liver damage, thereby decreasing the albumin, SOD, CAT, GSH, GST, GR, and GPx levels, while increasing the AST, ALT, ALP, SGOT, SGPT, GGT, LDH, ROS, and MDA levels (all p < 0.001). By contrast, treatment with the different doses of AE extract reversed the CCl4 effects on all these parameters. Compared with the levels in the CCl4 group, the GSH and GR levels in the three AE groups (3.5, 7, and 14 g kg-1·day-1) were significantly higher (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively), whereas the differences in the other parameters for these three groups were all at the significance levels of p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AE extracts administered orally exhibited hepatoprotective activity by affecting platelet production and blood coagulation and ameliorating liver function-damaging modifications. Specifically, a dosage of 3.5 g kg-1·day-1 resulted in the most optimal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuramatjan Ablat
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.
| | - Mihray Ablimit
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Shache County Dunbag Township Health Center, 844700, China.
| | - Abudoureheman Abudoukadier
- Department of Cardiology, Urumqi City Friendship Hospital, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830049, China.
| | - Buhaiqiemu Kadeer
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, China.
| | - Abulaitijiang Maihemuti
- Department of Laboratory, Uyghur Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China.
| | - Alibati Bakewaiyi
- Department of Laboratory, Uyghur Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China.
| | - Atike Tuerxun
- Department of Pharmacy, Uyghur Medicine Hospital of Hetian Region, Hetian, 848000, China.
| | - Adilijiang Aihemaiti
- Department of Laboratory, Uyghur Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China.
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Peyronie's Disease: Biochemical Evidence and Experiences of Treatment with Antioxidants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415969. [PMID: 36555611 PMCID: PMC9781573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peyronie's disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting adult males, involving the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa of the penis. PD is frequently associated with penile pain, erectile dysfunction, and a secondary anxious-depressive state. The etiology of PD has not yet been completely elucidated, but local injury is generally recognized to be a triggering factor. It has also been widely proven that oxidative stress is an essential, decisive component in all inflammatory processes, whether acute or chronic. Current conservative medical treatment comprises oral substances, penile injections, and physical therapy. AIM This article intends to show how antioxidant therapy is able to interfere with the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. METHOD This article consists of a synthetic narrative review of the current scientific literature on antioxidant therapy for this disease. RESULTS The good results of the antioxidant treatment described above also prove that the doses used were adequate and the concentrations of the substances employed did not exceed the threshold at which they might have interacted negatively with the mechanisms of the redox regulation of tissue. CONCLUSIONS We believe new, randomized, controlled studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of treatment with antioxidants. However, we consider the experiences of antioxidant treatment which can already be found in the literature useful for the clinical practice of urologists in the treatment of this chronic inflammatory disease.
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Myofibroblasts: Function, Formation, and Scope of Molecular Therapies for Skin Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081095. [PMID: 34439762 PMCID: PMC8391320 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are contractile, α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells with multiple roles in pathophysiological processes. Myofibroblasts mediate wound contractions, but their persistent presence in tissues is central to driving fibrosis, making them attractive cell targets for the development of therapeutic treatments. However, due to shared cellular markers with several other phenotypes, the specific targeting of myofibroblasts has long presented a scientific and clinical challenge. In recent years, myofibroblasts have drawn much attention among scientific research communities from multiple disciplines and specialisations. As further research uncovers the characterisations of myofibroblast formation, function, and regulation, the realisation of novel interventional routes for myofibroblasts within pathologies has emerged. The research community is approaching the means to finally target these cells, to prevent fibrosis, accelerate scarless wound healing, and attenuate associated disease-processes in clinical settings. This comprehensive review article describes the myofibroblast cell phenotype, their origins, and their diverse physiological and pathological functionality. Special attention has been given to mechanisms and molecular pathways governing myofibroblast differentiation, and updates in molecular interventions.
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Islam MN, Rauf A, Fahad FI, Emran TB, Mitra S, Olatunde A, Shariati MA, Rebezov M, Rengasamy KRR, Mubarak MS. Superoxide dismutase: an updated review on its health benefits and industrial applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7282-7300. [PMID: 33905274 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1913400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many short-lived and highly reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are toxic or can create oxidative stress in cells, a response involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases depending on their concentration, location, and cellular conditions. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as an endogenous and exogenous cell defense mechanism include the potential use in treating various diseases, improving the potential use in treating various diseases, and improving food-stuffs preparation dietary supplements human nutrition. Published work indicates that SOD regulates oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidation in cells. It can prevent lipid peroxidation, the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein in macrophages, lipid droplets' formation, and the adhesion of inflammatory cells into endothelial monolayers. It also expresses antioxidant effects in numerous cancer-related processes. Additionally, different forms of SOD may also augment food processing and pharmaceutical applications, exhibit anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, and prevent arterial problems by protecting the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Many investigations in this review have reported the therapeutic ability and physiological importance of SOD. Because of their antioxidative effects, SODs are of great potential in the medicinal, cosmetic, food, farming and chemical industries. This review discusses the findings of human and animal studies that support the advantages of SOD enzyme regulations to reduce the formation of oxidative stress in various ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nazmul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Fowzul Islam Fahad
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Olatunde
- Department of Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Green Biotechnologies Research Centre of Excellence, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
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Xue N, Zhou R, Deng M, Li Y, Hu Y, Gao L, Zhang Y, Song X, Liu J, Fan R. High serum superoxide dismutase activity improves radiation-related quality of life in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e2226. [PMID: 33909823 PMCID: PMC8050599 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy and volume-modulated arc therapy have become the main treatments for esophageal carcinoma; however, side effects caused by radiotherapy greatly impact the quality of life in these patients. This study aimed to explore the impact of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels on the prognosis of patients with ESCC undergoing radiotherapy. METHODS Patients aged between 18 and 80 years with lower-middle ESCC who underwent radiotherapy were eligible for this assessment. Adverse events, responses, treatment outcomes, and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Between 2012 and 2014, 195 patients were enrolled, of which 65 were assigned to the low- and high-SOD groups based on their serum SOD values. RESULTS The baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups, except for the T staging. Adverse events in the low-SOD group were significantly higher than those in the high-SOD group (radiation esophagitis, p=0.007; radiation pneumonitis, p=0.032; leukopenia, p=0.023; thrombocytopenia, p=0.037; anemia, p=0.041). There were no significant differences in response, treatment outcomes, or OS. CONCLUSION In conclusion, high serum SOD activity improved post-radiotherapy quality of life but did not impact the prognosis of patients with ESCC. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report that serum SOD activity is associated with radiation-induced toxicity and moderately increased radiotherapeutic response in patients with ESCC undergoing radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Runze Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Gao
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Strasse, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Yunbo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zibo Bashan Wanjie hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Linzhou people's hospital, Linzhou, Henan 456550, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 453000, P.R. China
- *Corresponding authors. E-mails: /
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 453000, P.R. China
- *Corresponding authors. E-mails: /
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Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy-Related Wound Morbidity in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Perspectives for Radioprotective Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082258. [PMID: 32806601 PMCID: PMC7465163 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, patients with localized soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the extremities would undergo limb amputation. It was subsequently determined that the addition of radiation therapy (RT) delivered prior to (neoadjuvant) or after (adjuvant) a limb-sparing surgical resection yielded equivalent survival outcomes to amputation in appropriate patients. Generally, neoadjuvant radiation offers decreased volume and dose of high-intensity radiation to normal tissue and increased chance of achieving negative surgical margins-but also increases wound healing complications when compared to adjuvant radiotherapy. This review elaborates on the current neoadjuvant/adjuvant RT approaches, wound healing complications in STS, and the potential application of novel radioprotective agents to minimize radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity.
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Ilg MM, Stafford SJ, Mateus M, Bustin SA, Carpenter MJ, Muneer A, Bivalacqua TJ, Ralph DJ, Cellek S. Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Can Prevent But Not Reverse Myofibroblast Transformation in Peyronie's Disease. J Sex Med 2020; 17:1848-1864. [PMID: 32771352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myofibroblast transformation is a key step in the pathogenesis of Peyronie's disease (PD). Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5is) and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) can prevent the formation of fibrosis in in vitro and in vivo models of PD. However, it is unknown whether these drugs can also reverse established fibrosis. AIM To investigate whether PDE5is and SERMs can reverse transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced myofibroblast transformation and determine the point of no return. METHODS In-Cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast transformation of human primary fibroblasts isolated from tunica albuginea (TA) of patients undergoing surgery for treatment of PD. Extracellular matrix production and collagen contraction assays were used as secondary assays. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and In-Cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to measure drug target expression. PDE5i (vardenafil) and SERM (tamoxifen) were applied at various time points after TGF-β1. OUTCOMES Reversibility of myofibroblast transformation and drug target expression were investigated in a time-dependent manner in TA-derived fibroblasts. RESULTS Vardenafil or tamoxifen could not reverse the myofibroblast traits of alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and extracellular matrix production, whereas only tamoxifen affected collagen contraction after 72 hours of TGF-β1 treatment. Phosphodiesterase 5A and estrogen receptor (ER)-β were downregulated after 72 hours, and estrogen receptor -α protein could not be quantified. Tamoxifen could prevent myofibroblast transformation until 36 hours after TGF-β1 treatment, whereas vardenafil could prevent only 24 hours after TGF-β1 treatment. This was mirrored by downregulation of drug targets on mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, antifibrotic signaling pathways, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and betaglycan (TGFB receptor III), were significantly downregulated after 36 hours of TGF-β1 exposure, as opposed to upregulation of profibrotic thrombospondin-1 at the same time point. CLINICAL TRANSLATION This study suggests that using PDE5is and SERMs might only help for early-phase PD and further highlights the need to test drugs at the appropriate stage of the disease based on their mechanism of action. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS The study uses primary human TA-derived fibroblasts that enhances translatability of the results. Limitations include that only 1 example of PDE5i- and SERM-type drug was tested. Time course experiments were only performed for marker expression experiments and not for functional assays. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that timing for administration of drugs affecting myofibroblast transformation appears to be vital in in vitro models of PD, where 36 hours of TGF-β1 treatment can be suggested as a "point of no return" for myofibroblast transformation. Ilg MM, Stafford SJ, Mateus M, et al. Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Can Prevent But Not Reverse Myofibroblast Transformation in Peyronie's Disease. J Sex Med 2020;17:1848-1864.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus M Ilg
- Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK.
| | - Simon J Stafford
- Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
| | - Marta Mateus
- Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
| | - Stephen A Bustin
- Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
| | - Michael J Carpenter
- Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
| | - Asif Muneer
- Department of Urology, University College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Ralph
- Department of Urology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Selim Cellek
- Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
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Khodamoradi E, Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi M, Amini P, Motevaseli E, Shabeeb D, Musa AE, Najafi M, Farhood B. Targets for protection and mitigation of radiation injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3129-3159. [PMID: 32072238 PMCID: PMC11104832 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protection of normal tissues against toxic effects of ionizing radiation is a critical issue in clinical and environmental radiobiology. Investigations in recent decades have suggested potential targets that are involved in the protection against radiation-induced damages to normal tissues and can be proposed for mitigation of radiation injury. Emerging evidences have been shown to be in contrast to an old dogma in radiation biology; a major amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell toxicity occur during some hours to years after exposure to ionizing radiation. This can be attributed to upregulation of inflammatory and fibrosis mediators, epigenetic changes and disruption of the normal metabolism of oxygen. In the current review, we explain the cellular and molecular changes following exposure of normal tissues to ionizing radiation. Furthermore, we review potential targets that can be proposed for protection and mitigation of radiation toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
- Misan Radiotherapy Center, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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11
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Zhao Z, He D, Ling F, Chu T, Huang D, Wu H, Ge J. CD4 + T cells and TGFβ1/MAPK signal pathway involved in the valvular hyperblastosis and fibrosis in patients with rheumatic heart disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 114:104402. [PMID: 32061942 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of CD4+ T cells and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ1) in the pathological process of valvular hyperblastosis and fibrosis of patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). A total of 151 patients were enrolled, among whom, 78 patients were with RHD, and 73 were age and gender matched RHD negative patients. Blood samples and valve specimens were collected for analysis. Pathological changes and collagen fibers contents of valves were analyzed using HE and Masson staining. Percentage of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells was tested through flow cytometry. TGFβ1 level in serum were identified by ELISA. CD4+ T cells infiltration and expression of TGFβ1, p-p38, p-JNK, p-ERK in valves were detected by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein levels of p38, JNK, ERK, TGFβ1, I-collagen and α-SMA were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. The heart valve tissues of RHD patients showed higher degrees of fibrosis, calcification and lymphocytes infiltration, which were mainly CD4+ T cells. In addition, compared with control group, RHD patients had more total CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood and valve tissues. Expression of TGFβ1, phosphorylation of JNK and p38, and synthesis of I-collagen in valve tissues of RHD patients were also significantly increased. Furthermore, we found a strong positive correlation between TGFβ1 expression and phosphorylation of JNK and p38. CD4+ T cells, and fibrogenic cytokine TGFβ1, which activate the intracellular MAPK signaling pathway may participate in the fibrosis of heart valve in RHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
| | - Danqing He
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Fei Ling
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Tianshu Chu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Dake Huang
- Comperhensive Laboratory of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Huaxun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jianjun Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
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12
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Aerobic Exercise Training Decreases Hepatic Asprosin in Diabetic Rats. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050666. [PMID: 31083617 PMCID: PMC6572469 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Asprosin, a novel hormone released from white adipose tissue, regulates hepatic glucose metabolism and is pathologically elevated in the presence of insulin resistance. It is unknown whether aerobic exercise training affects asprosin levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim of this study was to determine whether (1) aerobic exercise training could decrease asprosin levels in the liver of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and (2) the reduction in asprosin levels could induce asprosin-dependent downstream pathways. Five-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, STZ-induced diabetes (STZ), and STZ with aerobic exercise training groups (n = 6/group). T1DM was induced by a single dose of STZ (65 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)). The exercise group was made to run on a treadmill for 60 min at a speed of 20 m/min, 4 days per week for 8 weeks. Aerobic exercise training reduced the protein levels of asprosin, PKA, and TGF-β but increased those of AMPK, Akt, PGC-1β, and MnSOD. These results suggest that aerobic exercise training affects hepatic asprosin-dependent PKA/TGF-β and AMPK downstream pathways in T1DM.
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13
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Preventive role of superoxide dismutase on radiation-induced periprosthetic capsule development. J Surg Res 2018; 231:30-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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14
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Montay-Gruel P, Meziani L, Yakkala C, Vozenin MC. Expanding the therapeutic index of radiation therapy by normal tissue protection. Br J Radiol 2018; 92:20180008. [PMID: 29694234 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal tissue damages induced by radiation therapy remain dose-limiting factors in radiation oncology and this is still true despite recent advances in treatment planning and delivery of image-guided radiation therapy. Additionally, as the number of long-term cancer survivors increases, unacceptable complications emerge and dramatically reduce the patients' quality of life. This means that patients and clinicians expect discovery of new options for the therapeutic management of radiation-induced complications. Over the past four decades, research has enhanced our understanding of the pathophysiological, cellular and molecular processes governing normal tissue toxicity. Those processes are complex and involve the cross-talk between the various cells of a tissue, including fibroblasts, endothelial, immune and epithelial cells as well as soluble paracrine factors including growth factors and proteases. We will review the translatable pharmacological approaches that have been developed to prevent, mitigate, or reverse radiation injuries based upon the targeting of cellular and signalling pathways. We will summarize the different steps of the research strategy, from the definition of initial biological hypotheses to preclinical studies and clinical translation. We will also see how novel research and therapeutic hypotheses emerge along the way as well as briefly highlight innovative approaches based upon novel radiotherapy delivery procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Montay-Gruel
- Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lydia Meziani
- INSERM, U1030, F-94805, Villejuif, Paris, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Faculté de médecine du Kremlin-Bicêtre, Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, Paris, France
| | - Chakradhar Yakkala
- Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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M Ferrão P, M Nisimura L, C Moreira O, G Land M, Pereira MC, de Mendonça-Lima L, C Araujo-Jorge T, C Waghabi M, R Garzoni L. Inhibition of TGF-β pathway reverts extracellular matrix remodeling in T. cruzi-infected cardiac spheroids. Exp Cell Res 2017; 362:260-267. [PMID: 29208458 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chagasic cardiomyopathy (CC) is the main manifestation of Chagas Disease (CD). CC is a progressive dysfunctional illness, in which transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays a central role in fibrogenesis and hypertrophy. In the present study, we tested in a three-dimensional (3D) model of cardiac cells culture (named cardiac spheroids), capable of mimicking the aspects of fibrosis and hypertrophy observed in CC, the role of TGF-β pathway inhibition in restoring extracellular matrix (ECM) balance disrupted by T. cruzi infection. Treatment of T. cruzi-infected cardiac spheroids with SB 431542, a selective inhibitor of TGF-β type I receptor, resulted in a reduction in the size of spheroids, which was accompanied by a decrease in parasite load and in fibronectin expression. The inhibition of TGF-β pathway also promoted an increase in the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and a decrease in tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 expression, which may be one of the mechanisms regulating extracellular matrix remodeling. Therefore, our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which inhibition of TGF-β signaling reverts fibrosis and hypertrophy generated by T. cruzi during CC and also highlights the use of cardiac spheroids as a valuable tool for the study of fibrogenesis and anti-fibrotic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia M Ferrão
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Líndice M Nisimura
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Otacílio C Moreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G Land
- College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mirian C Pereira
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leila de Mendonça-Lima
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tania C Araujo-Jorge
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Waghabi
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana R Garzoni
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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16
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Deng G, Liang N, Xie J, Luo H, Qiao L, Zhang J, Wang D, Zhang J. Pulmonary toxicity generated from radiotherapeutic treatment of thoracic malignancies. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:501-511. [PMID: 28693198 PMCID: PMC5494764 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) remains a major obstacle for thoracic radiotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer, esophageal cancer and lymphoma. It is the principal dose-limiting complication, and can markedly impair the therapeutic ratio as well as a patient's quality of life. The current review presents the relevant concepts associated with RILI, including the pathogenic mechanisms and the potential treatment strategies, so as to achieve a general understanding of this issue. RILI comprises an acute radiation pneumonitis phase and subsequent late lung fibrosis. The established assessment criteria are clinical manifestations, imaging changes and the necessity for medical assistance. Risk factors are also considered in order to optimize treatment planning. Due to the underlying molecular mechanisms of RILI, the present review also discusses several targeted pharmacological approaches for its treatment, as well as corticosteroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Lili Qiao
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Graduate School, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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17
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Martin MT, Vulin A, Hendry JH. Human epidermal stem cells: Role in adverse skin reactions and carcinogenesis from radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:349-368. [PMID: 27919341 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In human skin, keratinopoiesis is based on a functional hierarchy among keratinocytes, with rare slow-cycling stem cells responsible for the long-term maintenance of the tissue through their self-renewal potential, and more differentiated daughter progenitor cells actively cycling to permit epidermal renewal and turn-over every month. Skin is a radio-responsive tissue, developing all types of radiation damage and pathologies, including early tissue reactions such as dysplasia and denudation in epidermis, and later fibrosis in the dermis and acanthosis in epidermis, with the TGF-beta 1 pathway as a known master switch. Also there is a risk of basal cell carcinoma, which arises from epidermal keratinocytes, notably after oncogenic events in PTCH1 or TP53 genes. This review will cover the mechanisms of adverse human skin reactions and carcinogenesis after various types of exposures to ionizing radiation, with comparison with animal data when necessary, and will discuss the possible role of stem cells and their progeny in the development of these disorders. The main endpoints presented are basal cell intrinsic radiosensitivity, genomic stability, individual factors of risk, dose specific responses, major molecular pathways involved and the cellular origin of skin reactions and cancer. Although major advances have been obtained in recent years, the precise implications of epidermal stem cells and their progeny in these processes are not yet fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle T Martin
- CEA/DRF/IRCM/LGRK, 91057 Evry, France; INSERM U967, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Paris 11, France.
| | - Adeline Vulin
- CEA/DRF/IRCM/LGRK, 91057 Evry, France; INSERM U967, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, Cedex, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Paris 11, France
| | - Jolyon H Hendry
- Christie Medical Physics and Engineering, Christie Hospital and University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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18
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Nwosu ZC, Alborzinia H, Wölfl S, Dooley S, Liu Y. Evolving Insights on Metabolism, Autophagy, and Epigenetics in Liver Myofibroblasts. Front Physiol 2016; 7:191. [PMID: 27313533 PMCID: PMC4887492 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver myofibroblasts (MFB) are crucial mediators of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in liver fibrosis. They arise mainly from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) upon a process termed “activation.” To a lesser extent, and depending on the cause of liver damage, portal fibroblasts, mesothelial cells, and fibrocytes may also contribute to the MFB population. Targeting MFB to reduce liver fibrosis is currently an area of intense research. Unfortunately, a clog in the wheel of antifibrotic therapies is the fact that although MFB are known to mediate scar formation, and participate in liver inflammatory response, many of their molecular portraits are currently unknown. In this review, we discuss recent understanding of MFB in health and diseases, focusing specifically on three evolving research fields: metabolism, autophagy, and epigenetics. We have emphasized on therapeutic prospects where applicable and mentioned techniques for use in MFB studies. Subsequently, we highlighted uncharted territories in MFB research to help direct future efforts aimed at bridging gaps in current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeribe C Nwosu
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hamed Alborzinia
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steven Dooley
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yan Liu
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
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19
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Costa DA, Costa TP, Netto EC, Joaquim N, Ventura I, Pratas AC, Winckler P, Silva IP, Pinho AC, Sargento IG, Guerreiro FG, Moreira AR. New perspectives on the conservative management of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible: A literature review. Head Neck 2016; 38:1708-1716. [PMID: 27240248 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, several therapeutic options were considered in the treatment of the osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible, including supportive measures, ultrasound therapy, corticosteroids, hyperbaric oxygen, surgical resection with reconstruction, and, more recently, drugs capable of reversing the fibroatrophic process. Once established, the ORN does not spontaneously disappear and a standard treatment has not yet been defined. The clear clinical effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) varies according to the literature and there are some economic/logistic issues to be considered; the triplet tocopherol/pentoxifylline/clodronate demands greater evidence from randomized clinical trials and also resilience from the patient, given the long treatment duration and its possible side effects. Controversy around the ideal treatment of the initial stage ORN of the mandible persists. More rigorous randomized prospective trials are essential. The purpose of this article was to review the relevant literature on the physiopathology of ORN of the mandible and discuss the new perspectives of its conservative treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708-1716, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Alpuim Costa
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal. .,Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine Center, Portuguese Navy, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Naval Research Center, Almada, Portugal. .,Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Porfírio Costa
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal.,Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine Center, Portuguese Navy, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Carlinhos Netto
- Radiation Oncology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Natércia Joaquim
- Biomedical Sciences and Medicine Department, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Ventura
- Stomatology Department, Hospital do Espírito Santo, E.P.E., Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Pratas
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Hospital de São José, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal.,Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine Center, Portuguese Navy, Lisbon, Portugal.,Naval Research Center, Almada, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Winckler
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Pires Silva
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Pinho
- General Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Hospital de São José, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Goulão Sargento
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco Gamito Guerreiro
- Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine Center, Portuguese Navy, Lisbon, Portugal.,Naval Research Center, Almada, Portugal
| | - António Rita Moreira
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal.,Clinical Trials Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
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20
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Étude clinique d’une SuperOxide Dismutase de melon naturelle et bioactive (SOD B Dimpless®) sur la cellulite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10298-015-0977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Li M, Luan F, Zhao Y, Hao H, Zhou Y, Han W, Fu X. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: An emerging target in tissue fibrosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:1-13. [PMID: 26361988 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215597194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in a variety of tissue fibroses. Fibroblasts/myofibroblasts derived from epithelial cells contribute to the excessive accumulation of fibrous connective tissue in damaged tissue, which can lead to permanent scarring or organ malfunction. Therefore, EMT-related fibrosis cannot be neglected. This review highlights the findings that demonstrate the EMT to be a direct contributor to the fibroblast/myofibroblast population in the development of tissue fibrosis and helps to elucidate EMT-related anti-fibrotic strategies, which may enable the development of therapeutic interventions to suppress EMT and potentially reverse organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China Trauma Treatment Center, Central Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital Hainan Branch, Sanya 572014, P. R. China
| | - Fuxin Luan
- Trauma Treatment Center, Central Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital Hainan Branch, Sanya 572014, P. R. China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China Trauma Treatment Center, Central Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital Hainan Branch, Sanya 572014, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Hao
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Han
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
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22
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Parthasarathy A, Gopi V, Devi KM S, Balaji N, Vellaichamy E. Aminoguanidine inhibits ventricular fibrosis and remodeling process in isoproterenol-induced hypertrophied rat hearts by suppressing ROS and MMPs. Life Sci 2014; 118:15-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Siani A, Tirelli N. Myofibroblast differentiation: main features, biomedical relevance, and the role of reactive oxygen species. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:768-85. [PMID: 24279926 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Myofibroblasts are prototypical fibrotic cells, which are involved in a number of more or less pathological conditions, from foreign body reactions to scarring, from liver, kidney, or lung fibrosis to neoplastic phenomena. The differentiation of precursor cells (not only of fibroblastic nature) is characterized by a complex interplay between soluble factors (growth factors such as transforming growth factor β1, reactive oxygen species [ROS]) and material properties (matrix stiffness). RECENT ADVANCES The last 15 years have seen very significant advances in the identification of appropriate differentiation markers, in the understanding of the differentiation mechanism, and above all, the involvement of ROS as causative and persistence factors. CRITICAL ISSUES The specific mechanisms of action of ROS remain largely unknown, although evidence suggests that both intracellular and extracellular phenomena play a role. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Approaches based on antioxidant (ROS-scavenging) principles and on the potentiation of nitric oxide signaling hold much promise in view of a pharmacological therapy of fibrotic phenomena. However, how to make the active principles available at the target sites is yet a largely neglected issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Siani
- 1 School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
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Yang X, Chen B, Liu T, Chen X. Reversal of myofibroblast differentiation: a review. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 734:83-90. [PMID: 24742377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It has long been considered that fibrosis and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation are irreversible processes. However, recent data obtained indicates that tissue fibrosis and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation can indeed be reversed, which offers the possibility of a new therapeutic approach for fibrotic disorders. Here, we discuss the origin of the myofibroblasts and different aspects of their differentiation, especially the key mediators and TGFβ-induced signaling pathways. We also report here a few factors involved in myofiroblast dedifferentiation and several compounds which can reverse the established dedifferentiated myofibroblast, as examples that provide the reader a glimpse of the current trends of approach for discovering useful anti-fibrotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoHong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - XiaoHong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street 30, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
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25
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Sampson N, Berger P, Zenzmaier C. Redox signaling as a therapeutic target to inhibit myofibroblast activation in degenerative fibrotic disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:131737. [PMID: 24701562 PMCID: PMC3950649 DOI: 10.1155/2014/131737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Degenerative fibrotic diseases encompass numerous systemic and organ-specific disorders. Despite their associated significant morbidity and mortality, there is currently no effective antifibrotic treatment. Fibrosis is characterized by the development and persistence of myofibroblasts, whose unregulated deposition of extracellular matrix components disrupts signaling cascades and normal tissue architecture leading to organ failure and death. The profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is considered the foremost inducer of fibrosis, driving myofibroblast differentiation in diverse tissues. This review summarizes recent in vitro and in vivo data demonstrating that TGF β-induced myofibroblast differentiation is driven by a prooxidant shift in redox homeostasis. Elevated NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) supported by concomitant decreases in nitric oxide (NO) signaling and reactive oxygen species scavengers are central factors in the molecular pathogenesis of fibrosis in numerous tissues and organs. Moreover, complex interplay between NOX4-derived H2O2 and NO signaling regulates myofibroblast differentiation. Restoring redox homeostasis via antioxidants or NOX4 inactivation as well as by enhancing NO signaling via activation of soluble guanylyl cyclases or inhibition of phosphodiesterases can inhibit and reverse myofibroblast differentiation. Thus, dysregulated redox signaling represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of wide variety of different degenerative fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Sampson
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Berger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Zenzmaier
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Abstract
There has been a significant amount of research done on liposomes and nanoparticles as drug carriers for protein drugs. Proteins and enzymes have been used both as targeting moieties and for their therapeutic potential. High specificity and rapid reaction rates make proteins and enzymes excellent candidates for therapeutic treatment, but some limitations exist. Many of these limitations can be addressed by a well studied nanotechnology based delivery system. Such a system can provide a medium for delivery, stabilization of the drugs, and enable site specific accumulation of drugs. Nanomedicines such as these have great potential to revolutionize the pharmaceutical industry and improve healthcare worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Barry
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 301 Rhodes Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, United States,
| | - Alexey A Vertegel
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 301 Rhodes Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, United States,
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27
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Kutanes Strahlensyndrom nach akzidenteller Exposition des Hautorgans mit ionisierenden Strahlen. Hautarzt 2013; 64:894-903. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-013-2625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rana T, Chakrabarti A, Freeman M, Biswas S. Doxorubicin-mediated bone loss in breast cancer bone metastases is driven by an interplay between oxidative stress and induction of TGFβ. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78043. [PMID: 24205081 PMCID: PMC3813496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer patients, who are already at increased risk of developing bone metastases and osteolytic bone damage, are often treated with doxorubicin. Unfortunately, doxorubicin has been reported to induce damage to bone. Moreover, we have previously reported that doxorubicin treatment increases circulating levels of TGFβ in murine pre-clinical models. TGFβ has been implicated in promoting osteolytic bone damage, a consequence of increased osteoclast-mediated resorption and suppression of osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, we hypothesized that in a preclinical breast cancer bone metastasis model, administration of doxorubicin would accelerate bone loss in a TGFβ-mediated manner. Administration of doxorubicin to 4T1 tumor-bearing mice produced an eightfold increase in osteolytic lesion areas compared untreated tumor-bearing mice (P = 0.002) and an almost 50% decrease in trabecular bone volume expressed in BV/TV (P = 0.0005), both of which were rescued by anti-TGFβ antibody (1D11). Doxorubicin, which is a known inducer of oxidative stress, decreased osteoblast survival and differentiation, which was rescued by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Furthermore, doxorubicin treatment decreased Cu-ZnSOD (SOD1) expression and enzyme activity in vitro, and treatment with anti-TGFβ antibody was able to rescue both. In conclusion, a combination therapy using doxorubicin and anti-TGFβ antibody might be beneficial for preventing therapy-related bone loss in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasi Rana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Anwesa Chakrabarti
- College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Swati Biswas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chak KF, Hsiao CY, Chen TY. A Study of the Effect of Shiunko, a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine, on Fibroblasts and Its Implication on Wound Healing Processes. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2013; 2:448-455. [PMID: 24688831 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2012.0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for thousands of years for various acute and chronic wound care. Thus, there is a growing need to explore the possible benefits of TCM on wound healing. RECENT ADVANCES Nowadays, in China and some Asian countries including Korea, Japan, and Singapore, Chinese herbal therapy is used as an alternative treatment in wound care. Therefore, exploration of the possible benefits of TCM on wound healing is necessary. CRITICAL ISSUES Development of TCM is based on the concept of Yin (negative phenomenon of nature) and Yang (positive phenomenon of nature). These opposing and complementary natural phenomena of the universe restore the normal physiological functions, consequently curing diseases and restoring health of a patient. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Due to lack of evidence-based research, TCM treatments are not widely accepted in the western world. Using state-of-the-art technology such as proteomics, bioinformatics, and biomolecular techniques, research studies may lead to more effective remedies for wound care in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Fu Chak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan . ; Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Hsiao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan
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Carillon J, Rouanet JM, Cristol JP, Brion R. Superoxide dismutase administration, a potential therapy against oxidative stress related diseases: several routes of supplementation and proposal of an original mechanism of action. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2718-28. [PMID: 23793992 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, involved in many diseases, is defined as an impaired balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defences. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) play a key role in diminishing oxidative stress. Thus, the removal of ROS by exogenous SODs could be an effective preventive strategy against various diseases. The poor bioavailability of exogenous SODs has been criticized. However, improvements in SOD formulation may overcome this limitation and boost interest in its therapeutic properties. Here, we provide a review of animal and human studies about SODs supplementation in order to evaluate their therapeutic value. Protective effects have been observed against irradiation, carcinogenesis, apoptosis and neurodegeneration. SODs administration has also been reported to alleviate inflammatory, infectious, respiratory, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and genitourinary and fertility disorders, raising the question of its mechanism of action in these diverse situations. Some authors have shown an increase in endogenous antioxidant enzymes after exogenous SODs administration. The induction of endogenous antioxidant defence and, consequently, a decrease in oxidative stress, could explain all the effects observed. Further investigations need to be carried out to test the hypothesis that SODs supplementation acts by inducing an endogenous antioxidant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Carillon
- Nutrition & Métabolisme, UMR 204 NutriPass Prévention des Malnutritions et des Pathologies Associées, Université Montpellier 1-2, Montpellier, France
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Hagler MA, Hadley TM, Zhang H, Mehra K, Roos CM, Schaff HV, Suri RM, Miller JD. TGF-β signalling and reactive oxygen species drive fibrosis and matrix remodelling in myxomatous mitral valves. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:175-84. [PMID: 23554457 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is associated with leaflet thickening, fibrosis, matrix remodelling, and leaflet prolapse. Molecular mechanisms contributing to MMVD, however, remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that increased transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are major contributors to pro-fibrotic gene expression in human and mouse mitral valves. METHODS AND RESULTS Using qRT-PCR, we found that increased expression of TGF-β1 in mitral valves from humans with MMVD (n = 24) was associated with increased expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). Increased levels of phospho-SMAD2/3 (western blotting) and expression of SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases (SMURF) 1 and 2 (qRT-PCR) suggested that TGF-β1 signalling occurred through canonical signalling cascades. Oxidative stress (dihydroethidium staining) was increased in human MMVD tissue and associated with increases in NAD(P)H oxidase catalytic subunits (Nox) 2 and 4, occurring despite increases in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). In mitral valves from SOD1-deficient mice, expression of CTGF, MMP2, Nox2, and Nox4 was significantly increased, suggesting that ROS can independently activate pro-fibrotic and matrix remodelling gene expression patterns. Furthermore, treatment of mouse mitral valve interstitial cells with cell permeable antioxidants attenuated TGF-β1-induced pro-fibrotic and matrix remodelling gene expression in vitro. CONCLUSION Activation of canonical TGF-β signalling is a major contributor to fibrosis and matrix remodelling in MMVD, and is amplified by increases in oxidative stress. Treatments aimed at reducing TGF-β activation and oxidative stress in early MMVD may slow progression of MMVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hagler
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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32
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SHEN LI, LI XING, SHAN BAOEN, ZHANG LI, GONG YANJUN, DONG ZHIMING, WANG ZHIYU. Therapeutic effect of compound of White Peony Root Oral Liquids on radiation-induced esophageal toxicity via the expression of EGF and TGF-β1. Biomed Rep 2013; 1:308-314. [PMID: 24648940 PMCID: PMC3956250 DOI: 10.3892/br.2012.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The predominant pathological processes of radiation-induced esophageal toxicity include inflammatory reactions in the early stage and the fibrotic process in the late stage. An increased expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is capable of reducing inflammatory reactions and TGF-β1 is considered responsible for the initiation, development and persistence of fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated in vivo the therapeutic effect of the compound of white peony root oral liquids (cWPROL) on reducing the toxicity via modulating the expression levels of EGF and TGF-β1. Adult male Wistar rats were treated and tissue sections were obtained. The tissue sections were stained using histological, Masson and immunohistochemical staining. The results revealed that cWPROL had a higher rate of repairing damaged structures compared with the control group. In addition, immunohistochemistry showed that although cWPROL and the mixture of lidocaine, dexamethasone and gentamycin (mLDG) induced levels of EGF and TGF-β1 expression, there were differences between the two types of intervention. These results are significant for understanding that the mechanism of therapeutic effect of cWPROL varied to some extent from that of mLDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- LI SHEN
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Hospital of the Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031
| | - XING LI
- Department of Biotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011
| | - BAOEN SHAN
- Centre of Scientific Research, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011
| | - LI ZHANG
- Centre of Scientific Research, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011
| | - YANJUN GONG
- Centre of HMO Administrator of Shijiazhuang, The First Hospital of the Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031,
P.R. China
| | - ZHIMING DONG
- Centre of Scientific Research, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011
| | - ZHIYU WANG
- Department of Biotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011
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Barh D, Gupta K, Jain N, Khatri G, León-Sicairos N, Canizalez-Roman A, Tiwari S, Verma A, Rahangdale S, Shah Hassan S, Rodrigues dos Santos A, Ali A, Carlos Guimarães L, Thiago Jucá Ramos R, Devarapalli P, Barve N, Bakhtiar M, Kumavath R, Ghosh P, Miyoshi A, Silva A, Kumar A, Narayan Misra A, Blum K, Baumbach J, Azevedo V. Conserved host–pathogen PPIs Globally conserved inter-species bacterial PPIs based conserved host-pathogen interactome derived novel target inC. pseudotuberculosis,C. diphtheriae,M. tuberculosis,C. ulcerans,Y. pestis, andE. colitargeted byPiper betelcompounds. Integr Biol (Camb) 2013; 5:495-509. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Jnan Bigyan Vihar, Balasore, Orissa, India
| | - Krishnakant Gupta
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore, MP, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
| | - Gourav Khatri
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore, MP, India
| | - Nidia León-Sicairos
- Unidad de investigacion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Cedros y Sauces, Fraccionamiento Fresnos, Culiacán Sinaloa 80246, México
| | - Adrian Canizalez-Roman
- Unidad de investigacion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Cedros y Sauces, Fraccionamiento Fresnos, Culiacán Sinaloa 80246, México
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
| | - Ankit Verma
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore, MP, India
| | - Sachin Rahangdale
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore, MP, India
| | - Syed Shah Hassan
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Amjad Ali
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Guimarães
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Pratap Devarapalli
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Riverside Transit Campus, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
| | - Neha Barve
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore, MP, India
| | - Marriam Bakhtiar
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Riverside Transit Campus, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
- Department of Computer Science and Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 West Main Street, Room E4234, P.O. Box 843019, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3019, USA
| | - Anderson Miyoshi
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Anil Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore, MP, India
| | - Amarendra Narayan Misra
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Jnan Bigyan Vihar, Balasore, Orissa, India
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand State, India
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721172, India. Fax: +91-944 955 0032; Tel: +91-944 955 0032
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Global Integrated Services Unit University of Vermont Center for Clinical & Translational Science, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
- Dominion Diagnostics LLC, North Kingstown, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Computational Biology Group Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Zenzmaier C, Kern J, Sampson N, Heitz M, Plas E, Untergasser G, Berger P. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition reverts prostate fibroblast-to-myofibroblast trans-differentiation. Endocrinology 2012; 153:5546-55. [PMID: 22948216 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have been demonstrated to improve lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Because BPH is primarily driven by fibroblast-to-myofibroblast trans-differentiation, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of the PDE5 inhibitor vardenafil to inhibit and reverse trans-differentiation of primary human prostatic stromal cells (PrSC). Vardenafil, sodium nitroprusside, lentiviral-delivered short hairpin RNA-mediated PDE5 knockdown, sodium orthovanadate, and inhibitors of MAPK kinase, protein kinase G, Ras homolog family member (Rho) A, RhoA/Rho kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and protein kinase B (AKT) were applied to PrSC treated with basic fibroblast growth factor (fibroblasts) or TGFβ1 (myofibroblasts) in vitro, in chicken chorioallantoic membrane xenografts in vivo, and to prostatic organoids ex vivo. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast trans-differentiation was monitored by smooth muscle cell actin and IGF binding protein 3 mRNA and protein levels. Vardenafil significantly attenuated TGFβ1-induced PrSC trans-differentiation in vitro and in chorioallantoic membrane xenografts. Enhancement of nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling by vardenafil, sodium nitroprusside, or PDE5 knockdown reduced smooth muscle cell actin and IGF binding protein 3 mRNA and protein levels and restored fibroblast-like morphology in trans-differentiated myofibroblast. This reversal of trans-differentiation was not affected by MAPK kinase, protein kinase G, RhoA, or RhoA/Rho kinase inhibition, but vardenafil attenuated phospho-AKT levels in myofibroblasts. Consistently, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase or AKT inhibition induced reversal of trans-differentiation, whereas the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor sodium orthovanadate abrogated the effect of vardenafil. Treatment of prostatic organoids with vardenafil ex vivo reduced expression of myofibroblast markers, indicating reverse remodeling of stroma towards a desired higher fibroblast/myofibroblast ratio. Thus, enhancement of the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling pathway by vardenafil attenuates and reverts fibroblast-to-myofibroblast trans-differentiation, hypothesizing that BPH patients might benefit from long-term therapy with PDE5 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Zenzmaier
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria.
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35
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Therapeutic targeting of redox signaling in myofibroblast differentiation and age-related fibrotic disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:458276. [PMID: 23150749 PMCID: PMC3486436 DOI: 10.1155/2012/458276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myofibroblast activation plays a central role during normal wound healing. Whereas insufficient myofibroblast activation impairs wound healing, excessive myofibroblast activation promotes fibrosis in diverse tissues (including benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH) leading to organ dysfunction and also promotes a stromal response that supports tumor progression. The incidence of impaired wound healing, tissue fibrosis, BPH, and certain cancers strongly increases with age. This paper summarizes findings from in vitro fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation systems that serve as cellular models to study fibrogenesis of diverse tissues. Supported by substantial in vivo data, a large body of evidence indicates that myofibroblast differentiation induced by the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor beta is driven by a prooxidant shift in redox homeostasis due to elevated production of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)-derived hydrogen peroxide and supported by concomitant decreases in nitric oxide/cGMP signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation can be inhibited and reversed by restoring redox homeostasis using antioxidants or NOX4 inactivation as well as enhancing nitric oxide/cGMP signaling via activation of soluble guanylyl cyclases or inhibition of phosphodiesterases. Current evidence indicates the therapeutic potential of targeting the prooxidant shift in redox homeostasis for the treatment of age-related diseases associated with myofibroblast dysregulation.
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Carito V, Bonuccelli G, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Whitaker-Menezes D, Caroleo MC, Cione E, Howell A, Pestell RG, Lisanti MP, Sotgia F. Metabolic remodeling of the tumor microenvironment: migration stimulating factor (MSF) reprograms myofibroblasts toward lactate production, fueling anabolic tumor growth. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3403-14. [PMID: 22918248 PMCID: PMC3466551 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration stimulating factor (MSF) is a genetically truncated N-terminal isoform of fibronectin that is highly expressed during mammalian development in fetal fibroblasts, and during tumor formation in human cancer-associated myofibroblasts. However, its potential functional role in regulating tumor metabolism remains unexplored. Here, we generated an immortalized fibroblast cell line that recombinantly overexpresses MSF and studied their properties relative to vector-alone control fibroblasts. Our results indicate that overexpression of MSF is sufficient to confer myofibroblastic differentiation, likely via increased TGF-b signaling. In addition, MSF activates the inflammation-associated transcription factor NFκB, resulting in the onset of autophagy/mitophagy, thereby driving glycolytic metabolism (L-lactate production) in the tumor microenvironment. Consistent with the idea that glycolytic fibroblasts fuel tumor growth (via L-lactate, a high-energy mitochondrial fuel), MSF fibroblasts significantly increased tumor growth, by up to 4-fold. Mechanistic dissection of the MSF signaling pathway indicated that Cdc42 lies downstream of MSF and fibroblast activation. In accordance with this notion, Cdc42 overexpression in immortalized fibroblasts was sufficient to drive myofibroblast differentiation, to provoke a shift towards glycolytic metabolism and to promote tumor growth by up to 2-fold. In conclusion, the MSF/Cdc42/NFκB signaling cascade may be a critical druggable target in preventing “Warburg-like” cancer metabolism in tumor-associated fibroblasts. Thus, MSF functions in the metabolic remodeling of the tumor microenvironment by metabolically reprogramming cancer-associated fibroblasts toward glycolytic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Carito
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Diehl C. Article Commentary: OB-GYN Surgeries: Why We Should Recommend to Our Patients a Preventive Management for Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. WOMEN'S HEALTH 2012. [DOI: 10.4137/cmwh.s9814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As with all surgical specialties, gynecologists and obstetricians routinely employ surgical interventions, depending on the exact nature of the problem that they are treating. Surgery is the mainstay of gynecological therapies, and in obstetrics, surgery is frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Diehl
- Department of Dermatology, UNC National University, Cordoba, Argentina
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Hamama S, Delanian S, Monceau V, Vozenin MC. Therapeutic management of intestinal fibrosis induced by radiation therapy: from molecular profiling to new intervention strategies et vice et versa. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2012; 5:S13. [PMID: 23259677 PMCID: PMC3368760 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-5-s1-s13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chronic toxicities of locoregional and systemic oncological treatments commonly develop in long-term cancer survivors. Amongst these toxicities, post-radiotherapeutic complications alter patient's quality of life. Reduction of exposure of normal tissues can be achieved by optimization of radiotherapy. Furthermore, understanding of the fibrogenic mechanisms has provided targets to prevent, mitigate, and reverse late radiation-induced damages. This mini-review shows how (i) global molecular studies using gene profiling can provide tools to develop new intervention strategies and (ii) how successful clinical trials, conducted in particular with combined pentoxifylline-vitamin E, can take benefice of biological and molecular evidences to improve our understanding of fibrogenic mechanisms, enhance the robustness of proposed treatments, and lead ultimately to better treatments for patient's benefice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Hamama
- INSERM U-1030 "Molecular Radiotherapy" Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France ; "Molecular Radiotherapy", Université Paris Sud Paris XI, France
| | - Sylvie Delanian
- INSERM U-1030 "Molecular Radiotherapy" Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France ; "Molecular Radiotherapy", Université Paris Sud Paris XI, France ; Unité de Radiopathologie, Service Oncologie-Radiothérapie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Monceau
- INSERM U-1030 "Molecular Radiotherapy" Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- INSERM U-1030 "Molecular Radiotherapy" Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France ; "Molecular Radiotherapy", Université Paris Sud Paris XI, France
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Veldwijk MR, Trah J, Wang M, Maier P, Fruehauf S, Zeller WJ, Herskind C, Wenz F. Overexpression of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Does Not Increase Clonogenic Cell Survival Despite Effect on Apoptosis in Irradiated Lymphoblastoid Cells. Radiat Res 2011; 176:725-31. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2651.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sotgia F, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Howell A, Pestell RG, Pavlides S, Lisanti MP. Caveolin-1 and cancer metabolism in the tumor microenvironment: markers, models, and mechanisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2011; 7:423-67. [PMID: 22077552 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011811-120856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Caveolins are a family of membrane-bound scaffolding proteins that compartmentalize and negatively regulate signal transduction. Recent studies have implicated a loss of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Loss of Cav-1 expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts results in an activated tumor microenvironment, thereby driving early tumor recurrence, metastasis, and poor clinical outcome in breast and prostate cancers. We describe various paracrine signaling mechanism(s) by which the loss of stromal Cav-1 promotes tumor progression, including fibrosis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and the metabolic/catabolic reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblast, to fuel the growth of adjacent tumor cells. It appears that oxidative stress is the root cause of initiation of the loss of stromal Cav-1 via autophagy, which provides further impetus for the use of antioxidants in anticancer therapy. Finally, we discuss the functional role of Cav-1 in epithelial cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sotgia
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
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41
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Fukai T, Ushio-Fukai M. Superoxide dismutases: role in redox signaling, vascular function, and diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1583-606. [PMID: 21473702 PMCID: PMC3151424 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1251] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species Revised abstract, especially superoxide anion (O₂•-), play important roles in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are the major antioxidant defense systems against (O₂•-), which consist of three isoforms of SOD in mammals: the cytoplasmic Cu/ZnSOD (SOD1), the mitochondrial MnSOD (SOD2), and the extracellular Cu/ZnSOD (SOD3), all of which require catalytic metal (Cu or Mn) for their activation. Recent evidence suggests that in each subcellular location, SODs catalyze the conversion of (O₂•-), H2O2, which may participate in cell signaling. In addition, SODs play a critical role in inhibiting oxidative inactivation of nitric oxide, thereby preventing peroxynitrite formation and endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction. The importance of each SOD isoform is further illustrated by studies from the use of genetically altered mice and viral-mediated gene transfer. Given the essential role of SODs in cardiovascular disease, the concept of antioxidant therapies, that is, reinforcement of endogenous antioxidant defenses to more effectively protect against oxidative stress, is of substantial interest. However, the clinical evidence remains controversial. In this review, we will update the role of each SOD in vascular biologies, physiologies, and pathophysiologies such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and angiogenesis. Because of the importance of metal cofactors in the activity of SODs, we will also discuss how each SOD obtains catalytic metal in the active sites. Finally, we will discuss the development of future SOD-dependent therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Fukai
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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42
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Witkiewicz AK, Kline J, Queenan M, Brody JR, Tsirigos A, Bilal E, Pavlides S, Ertel A, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Molecular profiling of a lethal tumor microenvironment, as defined by stromal caveolin-1 status in breast cancers. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:1794-809. [PMID: 21521946 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.11.15675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer progression and metastasis are driven by complex and reciprocal interactions, between epithelial cancer cells and their surrounding stromal microenvironment. We have previously shown that a loss of stromal Cav-1 expression is associated with an increased risk of early tumor recurrence, metastasis and decreased overall survival. To identify and characterize the signaling pathways that are activated in Cav-1 negative tumor stroma, we performed gene expression profiling using laser microdissected breast cancer-associated stroma. Tumor stroma was laser capture microdissected from 4 cases showing high stromal Cav-1 expression and 7 cases with loss of stromal Cav-1. Briefly, we identified 238 gene transcripts that were upregulated and 232 gene transcripts that were downregulated in the stroma of tumors showing a loss of Cav-1 expression (p ≤ 0.01 and fold-change ≥ 1.5). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed "stemness," inflammation, DNA damage, aging, oxidative stress, hypoxia, autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in the tumor stroma of patients lacking stromal Cav-1. Our findings are consistent with the recently proposed "Reverse Warburg Effect" and the "Autophagic Tumor Stroma Model of Cancer Metabolism." In these two complementary models, cancer cells induce oxidative stress in adjacent stromal cells, which then forces these stromal fibroblasts to undergo autophagy/mitophagy and aerobic glycolysis. This, in turn, produces recycled nutrients (lactate, ketones and glutamine) to feed anabolic cancer cells, which are undergoing oxidative mitochondrial metabolism. Our results are also consistent with previous biomarker studies showing that the increased expression of known autophagy markers (such as ATG16L and the cathepsins) in the tumor stroma is specifically associated with metastatic tumor progression and/or poor clinical outcome.
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Lijnen PJ, van Pelt JF, Fagard RH. Stimulation of reactive oxygen species and collagen synthesis by angiotensin II in cardiac fibroblasts. Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 30:e1-8. [PMID: 20626399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide anion generated by NAD(P)H-oxidase has an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and scavenging superoxide anion can be considered as a reasonable therapeutic strategy. In hypertensive heart diseases there is a mutual reinforcement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and angiotensin II (ANG II). ANG II increases the NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide anion production and the intracellular generation of ROS in cardiac fibroblasts and apocynin, a membrane NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, abrogates this rise. ANG II also stimulates the collagen production, the collagen I and III content and mRNA expression in cardiac fibroblasts and apocynin abolishes this induction. In this review we demonstrate that scavenging superoxide anion by tempol or EUK-8 or administration of PEG-superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibits collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts. On the contrary increasing superoxide anion formation by inhibition of SOD stimulates collagen production. A vital role of SOD and the generated ROS can be suggested in the regulation and organization of collagen in cardiac fibroblasts. Specific pharmacological intervention with SOD mimetics can probably be an alternative approach for reducing myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Lijnen
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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46
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Pergolizzi JV, Pappagallo M, Raffa RB, Gharibo C, Phillips RB, Desjonquères S, Tabor A. Preliminary Observations of a Novel Topical Oil with Analgesic Properties for Treatment of Acute and Chronic Pain Syndromes. Pain Pract 2010; 10:201-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Xu LF, Liu HL. Smad7 overexpression inhibits TGF-β1-stimulated procollagen α1 (III) expression in cultured hepatic stellate cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:280-283. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i3.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of Smad7 overexpression on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated procollagen α1 (III) expression in cultured hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6).
METHODS: Cultured HSC-T6 cells were divided into six groups: normal control group, TGF-β1 group, vehicle plasmid group, Smad7 plasmid group, TGF-β1 plus vehicle plasmid group, and TGF-β1 plus Smad7 plasmid group. Smad7 plasmid and vehicle plasmid were transfected into HSC-T6 cells with FuGENE 6 Reagent. Forty-eight hours after transfection, the expression level of procollagen α1 (III) mRNA was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR.
RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group and the vehicle plasmid group, the expression levels of Smad7 mRNA increased significantly in the Smad7 plasmid group and the TGF-β1 plus Smad7 plasmid group (t = 59.43, 59.41, 54.27 and 54.25, respectively; all t > t0.01 and all P < 0.01). Although there were no significant differences in the expression levels of procollagen α1 (III) mRNA between the Smad7 plasmid group and the normal control group or the vehicle plasmid group (t = 1.25 and 1.27, respectively; both t < t0.05 and both P > 0.05), the expression level of procollagen α1 (III) mRNA in the TGF-β1 plus Smad7 plasmid group was significantly lower than those in the TGF-β1 group and the TGF-β1 plus vehicle plasmid group (t = 103.8 and 45.7, respectively; both t > t0.01 and both P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Overexpression of Smad7 inhibits the expression of procollagen α1 (III) stimulated by exogenous TGF-β1 in cultured hepatic stellate cells.
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Sarsour EH, Kumar MG, Chaudhuri L, Kalen AL, Goswami PC. Redox control of the cell cycle in health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:2985-3011. [PMID: 19505186 PMCID: PMC2783918 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The cellular oxidation and reduction (redox) environment is influenced by the production and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In recent years, several reports support the hypothesis that cellular ROS levels could function as ''second messengers'' regulating numerous cellular processes, including proliferation. Periodic oscillations in the cellular redox environment, a redox cycle, regulate cell-cycle progression from quiescence (G(0)) to proliferation (G(1), S, G(2), and M) and back to quiescence. A loss in the redox control of the cell cycle could lead to aberrant proliferation, a hallmark of various human pathologies. This review discusses the literature that supports the concept of a redox cycle controlling the mammalian cell cycle, with an emphasis on how this control relates to proliferative disorders including cancer, wound healing, fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. We hypothesize that reestablishing the redox control of the cell cycle by manipulating the cellular redox environment could improve many aspects of the proliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab H Sarsour
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Studies on Pentoxifylline and Tocopherol Combination for Radiation-Induced Heart Disease in Rats. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 73:1552-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Liu J, Tan H, Sun Y, Zhou S, Cao J, Wang F. The preventive effects of heparin-superoxide dismutase on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver failure and hepatic fibrosis in mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 327:219-28. [PMID: 19242656 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate (heparin-SOD) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver failure and hepatic fibrosis were evaluated. To investigate the effects of heparin-SOD on acute liver failure, heparin-SOD was administered to CCl4-treated mice by intravenous injection. Biochemical indicators, such as glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase/glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GOT/GPT), GSH (glutathione), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined 24 h after CCl4 treatment. The development of CCl4-induced acute liver failure altered the redox state with a decreased hepatic GSH and increased formation of lipid peroxidative products, which were partially normalized by treatment with heparin-SOD or heparin + SOD. Compared with other groups, the acute liver injury of heparin-SOD group was significantly lessened (reduced activities of GOT/GPT, MDA, and increased activities of GSH). To investigate the effects of heparin-SOD on hepatic fibrosis, heparin-SOD and CCl4 were co-administered by intraperitoneal injection twice a week for 12 weeks. Histological and hepatic hydroxyproline examination revealed that heparin-SOD could significantly prevent the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Moreover, real-time PCR was used to determine transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), fibronectin, and collagen-I expression. Significantly, greater fibrosis and TGF-beta1, MMP-2, fibronectin, and collagen-I expression were found in the liver of CCl4-induced mice at the end of 12th week. Heparin-SOD could markedly attenuate the mRNA expression of TGF-beta1, MMP-2, and collagen-I. Western blots of tissue homogenates revealed that the protein expression of TGF-beta1 was substantially reduce also by heparin-SOD treatment. These results demonstrate that administration of heparin-SOD may be useful in the treatment and prevention of acute liver failure and hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Liu
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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