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Mantzourani I, Daoutidou M, Nikolaou A, Kourkoutas Y, Alexopoulos A, Tzavellas I, Dasenaki M, Thomaidis N, Plessas S. Microbiological stability and sensorial valorization of thyme and oregano essential oils alone or combined with ethanolic pomegranate extracts in wine marinated pork meat. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 386:110022. [PMID: 36436411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, wine-based marinades containing ethanolic extract from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), alone or in combination with two Essential Oils (Thyme & Oregano), were used for pork fillets marination and their antimicrobial activity, as well as their sensorial impact were evaluated. Likewise, the marinades exhibited promising results concerning their recorded antimicrobial activity versus Enterobacteriaceae, Total Mesophilic Bacteria, Yeasts/molds, Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. & Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). The outcome demonstrated that pork fillets marinated with wine containing ethanolic extract of pomegranate and Oregano Essential Oil were more resistant to spoilage compared to all other samples; thus, their shelf-life was significantly extended (4 days in some cases). Triterpenes (maslinic, oleanolic and betulinic acid), monoterpenes (p-cymene, carvacrol, thymol, limonene), organic acids (citric & malic acid) and phenols, were the main constituents found in the plant extract, the wine and Essential Oils applied, as determined through LC-QTOF/MS and HPLC analysis. Additionally, the sensorial properties (color, tenderness, flavor and juiciness) of the marinated meat samples were not negatively influenced. Consequently, marinades of this type could be used as natural preservatives in meat products, with satisfying antimicrobial and organoleptic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mantzourani
- Laboratory of Food Processing, Faculty of Agriculture Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece.
| | - Maria Daoutidou
- Laboratory of Food Processing, Faculty of Agriculture Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece
| | - Anastasios Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Food Processing, Faculty of Agriculture Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece; Laboratory of Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Yiannis Kourkoutas
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alexopoulos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece
| | - Ilias Tzavellas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Marilena Dasenaki
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Plessas
- Laboratory of Food Processing, Faculty of Agriculture Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece.
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2
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Shinu P, Sharma M, Gupta GL, Mujwar S, Kandeel M, Kumar M, Nair AB, Goyal M, Singh P, Attimarad M, Venugopala KN, Nagaraja S, Telsang M, Aldhubiab BE, Morsy MA. Computational Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Naproxen-Guaiacol Chimera for Gastro-Sparing Anti-Inflammatory Response by Selective COX2 Inhibition. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206905. [PMID: 36296501 PMCID: PMC9609004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The 4-allyl guaiacol is a natural phenolic molecule that has been widely studied for its antioxidant capacity against reactive-oxygen-species-mediated cellular damage. Therefore, we hypothesized that concomitant use of an antioxidant and NSAID may decrease the risk of gastrointestinal toxicity and make the therapy safer. To address the gastrointestinal toxicity of conventional NSAIDs, a new S-naproxen-4-allyl guaiacol chimera (MAS-1696) was computationally developed, chemically synthesized, and tested for anti-inflammatory effectiveness and gastrointestinal safety. The inhibitory potency of MAS-1696 tested against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), 15-lipoxygenase-2 (15-LOX2), and lipoxygenase-5 (5-LOX) in vitro revealed a stronger inhibition of COX2. Furthermore, the MAS-1696 chimera increased the COX selectivity index by 23% as compared to the parent compound naproxen, implying higher efficacy and gastric safety. In vivo data showed that MAS-1696 was less likely to cause gastrointestinal harm than naproxen while also exerting anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects equivalent to or superior to naproxen. In conclusion, MAS-1696 is orally active, bio-labile, and crystalline, making it a medication that may be administered orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +966-551732794 (P.S.)
| | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, National Forensic Sciences University Delhi Campus, New Delhi 110085, India
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +966-551732794 (P.S.)
| | - Girdhari Lal Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS University, Shirpur 425405, India
| | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Kumar
- M.M College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala 133201, India
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manoj Goyal
- Department of Anesthesia Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia
| | - Purna Singh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Saint James School of Medicine, The Valley 3872, Anguilla
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sreeharsha Nagaraja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Mallikarjun Telsang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar E. Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
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3
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Behl T, Rana T, Alotaibi GH, Shamsuzzaman M, Naqvi M, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Almoshari Y, Abdellatif AAH, Iqbal MS, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. Polyphenols inhibiting MAPK signalling pathway mediated oxidative stress and inflammation in depression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112545. [PMID: 34922112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most debilitating psychiatric disorders affecting people of all ages worldwide. Despite significant heterogeneity between studies, increased inflammation and oxidative stress have been found in depression. Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of depression. In the current review, we discussed the markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in depressive disorder and the association between these markers and the antidepressant treatment. The role of natural polyphenols in regulating various cell signaling pathways related to oxidative stress and inflammation has also been reviewed. The inhibitory effect of polyphenols on several cell signaling pathways reveals the vital role of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of depressive disorder. Understanding the mechanism of polyphenols implicated in the regulation of cell signaling pathways is essential for the identification of lead compounds and the development of novel effective compounds for the prevention and treatment of depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Tarapati Rana
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ghallab H Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Shamsuzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maaz Naqvi
- Central Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, HIMSR, Jamia Hamdard, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
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Yu W, Tao M, Zhao Y, Hu X, Wang M. 4'-Methoxyresveratrol Alleviated AGE-Induced Inflammation via RAGE-Mediated NF-κB and NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway. Molecules 2018; 23:E1447. [PMID: 29903983 PMCID: PMC6100160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) could interact with the receptor for AGE (RAGE) as a sterile danger signal to induce inflammation. 4′-methoxyresveratrol (4′MR), a polyphenol derived from Dipterocarpaceae, has not been studied for its anti-inflammation effects. In the present study, we sought to explore the protective role of 4′MR in AGEs-induced inflammatory model using RAW264.7 macrophages. 4′MR significantly inhibited gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), as well as two typical pro-inflammatory enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). Besides, 4′MR significantly decreased oxidative stress, demonstrated by levels of ROS production, protein carbonyl and advanced oxidation protein product via down-regulation of NADPH oxidase. Further analysis showed that 4′MR attenuated the RAGE overexpression induced by MGO-BSA. It also blocked the downstream signal of AGE-RAGE, particularly, MAPKs including p38 and JNK, and subsequently reduced NF-κB activation. Additionally, 4′MR significantly abated the activation of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome including NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 and reduced the secretion of mature IL-1β. Taken together, our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of 4′MR is mainly through suppressing RAGE-mediated MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. 4′MR could be a novel therapeutic agent for inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, LinGang New City, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Mengru Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, LinGang New City, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Yueliang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, LinGang New City, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, LinGang New City, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Mingfu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, LinGang New City, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China.
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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5
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Hampannavar GA, Karpoormath R, Palkar MB, Shaikh MS. An appraisal on recent medicinal perspective of curcumin degradant: Dehydrozingerone (DZG). Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:501-20. [PMID: 26796952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural products serve as a key source for the design, discovery and development of potentially novel drug like candidates for life threatening diseases. Curcumin is one such medicinally important molecule reported for an array of biological activities. However, it has major drawbacks of very poor bioavailability and solubility. Alternatively, structural analogs and degradants of curcumin have been investigated, which have emerged as promising scaffolds with diverse biological activities. Dehydrozingerone (DZG) also known as feruloylmethane, is one such recognized degradant which is a half structural analog of curcumin. It exists as a natural phenolic compound obtained from rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, which has attracted much attention of medicinal chemists. DZG is known to have a broad range of biological activities like antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant, anti-malarial, antifungal, anti-platelet and many others. DZG has also been studied in resolving issues pertaining to curcumin since it shares many structural similarities with curcumin. Considering this, in the present review we have put forward an effort to revise and systematically discuss the research involving DZG with its biological diversity. From literature, it is quite clear that DZG and its structural analogs have exhibited significant potential in facilitating design and development of novel medicinally active lead compounds with improved metabolic and pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish A Hampannavar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Mahesh B Palkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubballi 580031, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahamadhanif S Shaikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
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6
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Martinez DM, Barcellos AM, Casaril AM, Savegnago L, Perin G, Schiesser CH, Callaghan KL, Lenardão EJ. Twice acting antioxidants: synthesis and antioxidant properties of selenium and sulfur-containing zingerone derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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7
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Khan ZUH, Khan AU, Wan P, Chen Y, Kong D, Khan S, Tahir K. In vitropharmacological screening of three newly synthesised pyrimidine derivatives. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:933-8. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.964707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Pani G, Scherm B, Azara E, Balmas V, Jahanshiri Z, Carta P, Fabbri D, Dettori MA, Fadda A, Dessì A, Dallocchio R, Migheli Q, Delogu G. Natural and natural-like phenolic inhibitors of type B trichothecene in vitro production by the wheat (Triticum sp.) pathogen Fusarium culmorum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4969-4978. [PMID: 24820850 DOI: 10.1021/jf500647h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium culmorum, a fungal pathogen of small grain cereals, produces 4-deoxynivalenol and its acetylated derivatives that may cause toxicoses on humans or animals consuming contaminated food or feed. Natural and natural-like compounds belonging to phenol and hydroxylated biphenyl structural classes were tested in vitro to determine their activity on vegetative growth and trichothecene biosynthesis by F. culmorum. Most of the compounds tested at 1.5 or 1.0 mM reduced 3-acetyl-4-deoxynivalenol production by over 70% compared to the control, without affecting fungal growth significantly. Furthermore, several compounds retained their ability to inhibit toxin in vitro production at the lowest concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25 mM. Magnolol 27 showed fungicidal activity even at 0.1 mM. No linear correlation was observed between antioxidant properties of the compounds and their ability to inhibit fungal growth and mycotoxigenic capacity. A guaiacyl unit in the structure may play a key role in trichothecene inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Pani
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia and Unità di Ricerca Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Università degli Studi di Sassari , Viale Italia 39, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
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9
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Willcox DC, Scapagnini G, Willcox BJ. Healthy aging diets other than the Mediterranean: a focus on the Okinawan diet. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 136-137:148-62. [PMID: 24462788 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The traditional diet in Okinawa is anchored by root vegetables (principally sweet potatoes), green and yellow vegetables, soybean-based foods, and medicinal plants. Marine foods, lean meats, fruit, medicinal garnishes and spices, tea, alcohol are also moderately consumed. Many characteristics of the traditional Okinawan diet are shared with other healthy dietary patterns, including the traditional Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, and Portfolio diet. All these dietary patterns are associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease, among other age-associated diseases. Overall, the important shared features of these healthy dietary patterns include: high intake of unrefined carbohydrates, moderate protein intake with emphasis on vegetables/legumes, fish, and lean meats as sources, and a healthy fat profile (higher in mono/polyunsaturated fats, lower in saturated fat; rich in omega-3). The healthy fat intake is likely one mechanism for reducing inflammation, optimizing cholesterol, and other risk factors. Additionally, the lower caloric density of plant-rich diets results in lower caloric intake with concomitant high intake of phytonutrients and antioxidants. Other shared features include low glycemic load, less inflammation and oxidative stress, and potential modulation of aging-related biological pathways. This may reduce risk for chronic age-associated diseases and promote healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Craig Willcox
- Okinawa International University, Department of Human Welfare, 2-6-1 Ginowan, Okinawa 901-2701, Japan; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii, HPM-9, 347 N. Kuakini Street, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, 347 N. Kuakini Street, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States.
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii, HPM-9, 347 N. Kuakini Street, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, 347 N. Kuakini Street, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States
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10
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Lee WH, Loo CY, Bebawy M, Luk F, Mason RS, Rohanizadeh R. Curcumin and its derivatives: their application in neuropharmacology and neuroscience in the 21st century. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:338-78. [PMID: 24381528 PMCID: PMC3744901 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11311040002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a polyphenol extracted from the plant Curcuma longa, is widely used in Southeast Asia, China and India in food preparation and for medicinal purposes. Since the second half of the last century, this traditional medicine has attracted the attention of scientists from multiple disciplines to elucidate its pharmacological properties. Of significant interest is curcumin's role to treat neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) and malignancy. These diseases all share an inflammatory basis, involving increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative damage to lipids, nucleic acids and proteins. The therapeutic benefits of curcumin for these neurodegenerative diseases appear multifactorial via regulation of transcription factors, cytokines and enzymes associated with (Nuclear factor kappa beta) NFκB activity. This review describes the historical use of curcumin in medicine, its chemistry, stability and biological activities, including curcumin's anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The review further discusses the pharmacology of curcumin and provides new perspectives on its therapeutic potential and limitations. Especially, the review focuses in detail on the effectiveness of curcumin and its mechanism of actions in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Hin Lee
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ching-Yee Loo
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney PO Box 123 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Frederick Luk
- School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney PO Box 123 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Physiology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ramin Rohanizadeh
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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11
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Small molecules interacting with α-synuclein: antiaggregating and cytoprotective properties. Amino Acids 2013; 45:327-38. [PMID: 23645386 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a dietary polyphenol, has shown a potential to act on the symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, as a consequence of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-protein aggregation properties. Unfortunately, curcumin undergoes rapid degradation at physiological pH into ferulic acid, vanillin and dehydrozingerone, making it an unlikely drug candidate. Here, we evaluated the ability of some curcumin by-products: dehydrozingerone (1), its O-methyl derivative (2), zingerone (3), and their biphenyl analogues (4-6) to interact with α-synuclein (AS), using CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, the antioxidant properties and the cytoprotective effects in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells prior to intoxication with H2O2, MPP+ and MnCl2 were examined while the Congo red assay was used to evaluate the ability of these compounds to prevent aggregation of AS. We found that the biphenyl zingerone analogue (6) interacts with high affinity with AS and also displays the best antioxidant properties while the biphenyl analogues of dehydrozingerone (4) and of O-methyl-dehydrozingerone (5) are able to partially inhibit the aggregation process of AS, suggesting the potential role of a hydroxylated biphenyl scaffold in the design of AS aggregation inhibitors.
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12
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Afzal A, Oriqat G, Akram Khan M, Jose J, Afzal M. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Terpenoids fromCurcumaand Related Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2013.782757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Abstract
Depression is a medical condition with a complex biological pattern of aetiology, involving genetic and epigenetic factors, along with different environmental stressors. Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress processes might play a relevant role in the pathogenic mechanism(s) underlying many major psychiatric disorders, including depression. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been shown to modulate levels and activity of noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, dopamine and glutamate, the principal neurotransmitters involved in the neurobiology of depression. Major depression has been associated with lowered concentrations of several endogenous antioxidant compounds, such as vitamin E, zinc and coenzyme Q10, or enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase, and with an impairment of the total antioxidant status. These observations introduce new potential targets for the development of therapeutic interventions based on antioxidant compounds. The present review focuses on the possible role of oxidative stress processes in the pathogenesis of depression. The therapeutic potential of antioxidant compounds as a co-adjuvant treatment to conventional antidepressants is discussed. For instance, N-acetyl-cysteine has been shown to have a significant benefit on depressive symptoms in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Additionally, curcumin, the yellow pigment of curry, has been shown to strongly interfere with neuronal redox homeostasis in the CNS and to possess antidepressant activity in various animal models of depression, also thanks to its ability to inhibit monoamine oxidases. There is an urgent need to develop better tolerated and more effective treatments for depressive disorders and several antioxidant treatments appear promising and deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
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Scapagnini G, Vasto S, Sonya V, Abraham NG, Nader AG, Caruso C, Calogero C, Zella D, Fabio G. Modulation of Nrf2/ARE pathway by food polyphenols: a nutritional neuroprotective strategy for cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2011; 44:192-201. [PMID: 21499987 PMCID: PMC5554938 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest, supported by a large number of experimental and epidemiological studies, for the beneficial effects of some phenolic substances, contained in commonly used spices and herbs, in preventing various age-related pathologic conditions, ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases. Although the exact mechanisms by which polyphenols promote these effects remain to be elucidated, several reports have shown their ability to stimulate a general xenobiotic response in the target cells, activating multiple defense genes. Data from our and other laboratories have previously demonstrated that curcumin, the yellow pigment of curry, strongly induces heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and activity in different brain cells via the activation of heterodimers of NF-E2-related factors 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant responsive element (ARE) pathway. Many studies clearly demonstrate that activation ofNrf2 target genes, and particularly HO-1, in astrocytes and neurons is strongly protective against inflammation, oxidative damage, and cell death. In the central nervous system, the HO system has been reported to be very active, and its modulation seems to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Recent and unpublished data from our group revealed that low concentrations of epigallocatechin-3-gallate, the major green tea catechin, induces HO-1 by ARE/Nrf2 pathway in hippocampal neurons, and by this induction, it is able to protect neurons against different models of oxidative damages. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that other phenolics, such as caffeic acid phenethyl ester and ethyl ferulate, are also able to protect neurons via HO-1 induction. These studies identify a novel class of compounds that could be used for therapeutic purposes as preventive agents against cognitive decline.
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Adhikari S, Indira Priyadarsini K, Mukherjee T. Physico-chemical studies on the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of herbal extracts and active principles of some Indian medicinal plants. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 40:174-83. [PMID: 18398494 PMCID: PMC2275762 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.40.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the efficacy and mechanism for the reaction of the biologically important radicals with natural and/or synthetic antioxidants is the first step towards the development of future therapeutic agents. The kinetic parameters e.g., formation and decay rate constants predict the efficacy of an antioxidant and its fate after reaction. These parameters also dictate the ease with which competing reactions would occur in a bio-environment. The spectroscopic parameters provide the clue to the site of free radical attack to these antioxidants. Here, in this article an attempt has been made to show the use of physico-chemical methods in the evaluation of antioxidant activity of some important medicinal plants commonly used in India and the subcontinent. The systems chosen here for discussions are herbal extracts as such, curcumin from turmeric, methoxy phenols from Indian spices, dehydrogingerdione from ginger and bakuchiol from Psoralea corylifolia. All the examples shown in this article illustrate the potential of the pulse radiolysis coupled with kinetic spectroscopy and other physicochemical techniques for the study of antioxidants either in the form of mixture as in herbal extract or as an isolated compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyakanti Adhikari
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Chemistry group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
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Hata K, Lin M, Katsumura Y, Muroya Y, Fu H, Yamashita S, Nakagawa H. Pulse radiolysis study on free radical scavenger edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one). 2: A comparative study on edaravone derivatives. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2010; 52:15-23. [PMID: 21139328 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study using the pulse radiolysis technique was carried out to investigate transient absorption spectra and rate constants for the reactions of (•)OH and N(3)(•) with edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) and its four analogue compounds, 1,3-dimethyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, 3-methyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one, 1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one and 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one. The results showed that, unlike reaction mechanisms previously proposed, the phenyl group of edaravone played an important role in the reaction with (•)OH and OH adducts to the phenyl group were formed. Quantum chemical calculations also strongly supported this attribution and suggested that the most favorable site for attacks by (•)OH is the ortho position of the phenyl group. Moreover, the rate constants for the reactions of edaravone and its analogues towards (•)OH and N(3)(•) were about 8.0 × 10(9), and 4.0 × 10(9) dm(3) mol(-1) s(-1), respectively. Edaravone displayed higher reactivity compared to the others, in contrast to a previous report in which 3-methyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one showed the highest reactivity towards (•)OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniki Hata
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Dhiman SB, Naik DB. Pulse radiolysis studies of 2- and 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohols: inhibition of dehydration of ·OH-(hydroxybenzyl alcohols) adducts by H2
PO4
−
ions. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Bartesaghi S, Wenzel J, Trujillo M, López M, Joseph J, Kalyanaraman B, Radi R. Lipid peroxyl radicals mediate tyrosine dimerization and nitration in membranes. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:821-35. [PMID: 20170094 DOI: 10.1021/tx900446r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine dimerization and nitration by biologically relevant oxidants usually depend on the intermediate formation of tyrosyl radical ((*)Tyr). In the case of tyrosine oxidation in proteins associated with hydrophobic biocompartments, the participation of unsaturated fatty acids in the process must be considered since they typically constitute preferential targets for the initial oxidative attack. Thus, we postulate that lipid-derived radicals mediate the one-electron oxidation of tyrosine to (*)Tyr, which can afterward react with another (*)Tyr or with nitrogen dioxide ((*)NO(2)) to yield 3,3'-dityrosine or 3-nitrotyrosine within the hydrophobic structure, respectively. To test this hypothesis, we have studied tyrosine oxidation in saturated and unsaturated fatty acid-containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes with an incorporated hydrophobic tyrosine analogue BTBE (N-t-BOC l-tyrosine tert-butyl ester) and its relationship with lipid peroxidation promoted by three oxidation systems, namely, peroxynitrite, hemin, and 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride. In all cases, significant tyrosine (BTBE) oxidation was seen in unsaturated PC liposomes, in a way that was largely decreased at low oxygen concentrations. Tyrosine oxidation levels paralleled those of lipid peroxidation (i.e., malondialdehyde and lipid hydroperoxides), lipid-derived radicals and BTBE phenoxyl radicals were simultaneously detected by electron spin resonance spin trapping, supporting an association between the two processes. Indeed, alpha-tocopherol, a known reactant with lipid peroxyl radicals (LOO(*)), inhibited both tyrosine oxidation and lipid peroxidation induced by all three oxidation systems. Moreover, oxidant-stimulated liposomal oxygen consumption was dose dependently inhibited by BTBE but not by its phenylalanine analogue, BPBE (N-t-BOC l-phenylalanine tert-butyl ester), providing direct evidence for the reaction between LOO(*) and the phenol moiety in BTBE, with an estimated second-order rate constant of 4.8 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1). In summary, the data presented herein demonstrate that LOO(*) mediates tyrosine oxidation processes in hydrophobic biocompartments and provide a new mechanistic insight to understand protein oxidation and nitration in lipoproteins and biomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Bartesaghi
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Candore G, Bulati M, Caruso C, Castiglia L, Colonna-Romano G, Di Bona D, Duro G, Lio D, Matranga D, Pellicanò M, Rizzo C, Scapagnini G, Vasto S. Inflammation, Cytokines, Immune Response, Apolipoprotein E, Cholesterol, and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer Disease: Therapeutic Implications. Rejuvenation Res 2010; 13:301-13. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2009.0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Candore
- Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Biomedical Methodologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Bulati
- Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Biomedical Methodologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Biomedical Methodologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Castiglia
- Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Biomedical Methodologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Colonna-Romano
- Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Biomedical Methodologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Danilo Di Bona
- Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Biomedical Methodologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Lio
- Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Biomedical Methodologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenica Matranga
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Legale, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariavaleria Pellicanò
- Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Biomedical Methodologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Rizzo
- Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Biomedical Methodologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Sonya Vasto
- Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Biomedical Methodologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Cook DG, Holland AJ, Jerrett AR, Forster ME. Effect of harvest treatment on biochemical properties of farmed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) tissue during frozen and thawed storage. J Food Sci 2010; 74:C543-8. [PMID: 19895458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two different harvest procedures were employed to investigate whether the method of harvest has an effect upon deteriorative processes that occur during the frozen storage of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) white muscle tissue. These 2 harvest methods, termed "rested"--involving sedation with the aquatic anesthetic AQUI-S and "exercised"--a simulated conventional harvest not involving sedation, contrasted levels of activity of the animal prior to and upon slaughter. Rested and exercised harvesting protocols produced tissue in significantly different postmortem physiological states prior to freezing. Rested, postharvest tissue maintained high metabolic energy stores of ATP and glycogen within the tissue, with low concentrations of tissue and plasma lactate. Exercised tissue exhibited near depleted concentrations of ATP and glycogen and a marked lactate accumulation. In both treatments, no significant change in metabolite levels was seen over a 6-mo storage period at -19 degrees C when tissue was frozen immediately postharvest. Transfer of tissue from frozen temperatures (-80 and -19 degrees C), to refrigerated (-1 and +4 degrees C, respectively) resulted in rapid glycolysis, depleting tissue ATP and glycogen stores and increasing tissue lactate concentrations. Metabolic activity was more significant in rested tissue owing to the larger concentrations of metabolic energy stores and occurred at temperatures between -3 and -1.5 degrees C. During frozen storage (-19 degrees C), there was an increase in the secondary lipid oxidation product TBARS, but harvest treatment had no effect. However, following transfer from frozen to refrigerated (+4 and -1 degrees C) storage, rested tissue showed a significant ability to retard the development of TBARS products.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Cook
- School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8020, New Zealand.
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Scapagnini G, Caruso C, Calabrese V. Therapeutic Potential of Dietary Polyphenols against Brain Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 698:27-35. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7347-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Characterization of the transient species generated in the photoexcitation of benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 2-d-ribofuranosylhydrazide. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Gallucci MN, Oliva M, Casero C, Dambolena J, Luna A, Zygadlo J, Demo M. Antimicrobial combined action of terpenes against the food-borne microorganismsEscherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureusandBacillus cereus. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Singh U, Barik A, Priyadarsini KI. Reactions of hydroxyl radical with bergenin, a natural poly phenol studied by pulse radiolysis. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6008-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Dhiman SB, Naik DB. Nature of the transient species formed in the pulse radiolysis of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in aqueous solutions: observation of equilibrium in the reaction of OH-adducts with HPO42−ions. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Mitra AK, Gawandi VB, George K, Mohan H, Mukherjee T. Investigations on the antioxidant activity of 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dihydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene (DDMN). RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-008-0007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Electrochemical oxidation of C4-vanillin- and C4-isovanillin-1,4-dihydropyridines in aprotic medium: Reactivity towards free radicals. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Huber A, Thongphasuk P, Erben G, Lehmann WD, Tuma S, Stremmel W, Chamulitrat W. Significantly greater antioxidant anticancer activities of 2,3-dehydrosilybin than silybin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1780:837-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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29
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Mitra AK, Gawandi VB, George K, Mohan H, Mukherjee T. Antioxidant activity of 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dihydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03039137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Thongphasuk P, Stremmel W, Chamulitrat W. Potent direct or TNF-alpha-promoted anticancer effects of 2,3-dehydrosilybin: comparison study with silybin. Chemotherapy 2007; 54:23-30. [PMID: 18063863 DOI: 10.1159/000112314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silybin (SIL) exhibits anticancer properties and has now entered clinical trials. In this study, anticancer effects of 2,3-dehydrosilybin (DHS) were compared with SIL either alone or in combination with TNF-alpha. METHODS Cell cytotoxicity identified as apoptosis and necrosis was measured based on DNA fragment sizes using flow cytometry and DNA laddering. RESULTS After 24 h treatment,DHS at 30-50 microM markedly induced mainly apoptosis in transformed HepG2 and FIB cells. DHS induced necrosis markedly in HT29 but marginally in less transformed EPI cells. We found that apoptosis was the major mode of cell death when DHS was used in combination with TNF-alpha after 6 h treatment. TNF-alpha could promote DHS-induced apoptosis in HepG2, HT29 and FIB cells, but not in EPI cells. SIL could not reproduce this TNF-alpha-enhanced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence for the therapeutic use of DHS as an anticancer agent which is more effective than SIL.
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31
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Geng Y, Liu J, Lv R, Yuan J, Lin Y, Wang X. An efficient method for extraction, separation and purification of eugenol from Eugenia caryophyllata by supercritical fluid extraction and high-speed counter-current chromatography. Sep Purif Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2007.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Kozlowski D, Trouillas P, Calliste C, Marsal P, Lazzaroni R, Duroux JL. Density Functional Theory Study of the Conformational, Electronic, and Antioxidant Properties of Natural Chalcones. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:1138-45. [PMID: 17253666 DOI: 10.1021/jp066496+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chalcones are natural compounds that are largely distributed in plants, fruits, and vegetables. They belong to the flavonoid group of molecules, and some of them exhibit numerous biological activities. The results of quantum chemical calculations (based on density functional theory, using the B3P86 exchange-correlation potential) are reported for 11 chalcones, in the gas phase and in the presence of an implicit solvent (using the conductor-like polarizable continuum model, C-PCM). These results are discussed in regard to the capacity of these chalcones to scavenge the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycril-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The O-H bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) parameter, which is calculated for each OH group, seems to be the best indicator of the anti-radical property of these compounds. This demonstrates the importance of the H atom transfer mechanism to explain their capacity to scavenge the free radicals. The active sites are identified as the 6'-OH group and the 3,4-dihydroxy-catechol. The alpha,beta-double bond is influential in determining the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kozlowski
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
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Barik A, Priyadarsini KI, Mohan H. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) scavenging reactions of o-vanillin: Pulse radiolysis and stopped flow studies. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2006. [DOI: 10.1163/156856706778938491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Rojo L, Vazquez B, Parra J, López Bravo A, Deb S, San Roman J. From Natural Products to Polymeric Derivatives of “Eugenol”: A New Approach for Preparation of Dental Composites and Orthopedic Bone Cements. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:2751-61. [PMID: 17025349 DOI: 10.1021/bm0603241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymers with eugenol moieties covalently bonded to the macromolecular chains were synthesized for potential application in orthopedic and dental cements. First, eugenol was functionalized with polymerizable groups. The synthetic methods employed afforded two different methacrylic derivatives, where the acrylic and eugenol moieties were either directly bonded, eugenyl methacrylate (EgMA), or separated through an oxyethylene group, ethoxyeugenyl methacrylate (EEgMA). A typical Fisher esterification reaction was used for the synthesis of EgMA and EEgMA, affording the desired monomers in 80% yields. Polymerization of each of the novel monomers, at low conversion, provided soluble polymers consisting of hydrocarbon macromolecules with pendant eugenol moieties. At high conversions only cross-linked polymers were obtained, attributed to participation of the allylic double bonds in the polymerization reaction. In addition, copolymers of each eugenol derivative with ethyl methacrylate (EMA) were prepared at low conversion, with the copolymerization reaction studied by assuming the terminal model and the reactivity ratios determined according to linear and nonlinear methods. The values obtained were r(EgMA) = 1.48, r(EMA) = 0.55 and r(EEgMA) = 1.22, r(EMA) = 0.42. High molecular weight polymers and copolymers were obtained at low conversion. Analysis of thermal properties revealed a T(g) of 95 degrees C for PEgMA and of 20 degrees C for PEEgMA and an increase in the thermal stability for the eugenol derivatives polymers and copolymers with respect to that of PEMA. Water sorption of the copolymers was found to decrease with the eugenol derivative content. Both monomers EgMA and EEgMA showed antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, producing inhibition halos of 7 and 21 mm, respectively. Finally, cell culture studies revealed that the copolymers did not leach any toxic eluants and showed good cellular proliferation with respect to PEMA. This study thus indicates that the eugenyl methacrylate derivatives are potentially good candidates for dental and orthopedic cements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rojo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, Hospital Provincial de Avila, C/ Jesús del Gran Poder 42, 05003 Avila, Spain
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Kang M, Kim JH, Cho C, Chung HS, Yoon YS, Lee Y, Hong M, Shin M, Bae H. Effect of Acori graminei Rhizoma on contractile dysfunction of ischemic and reperfused rat heart. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:483-8. [PMID: 16508150 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acori graminei Rhizoma is one of the best-known traditional herbal medicines frequently used for the treatment of cardiovascular symptoms in Asian countries. The anti-ischemic effect of Acori graminei Rhizoma on ischemia-induced isolated rat heart was investigated through analysis of changes in perfusion pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output. The subjects in this study were divided into two groups, an ischemia-induced group without any treatment (I), and an ischemia-induced group with Acori graminei Rhizoma treatment (I+AGR). There were no significant differences in perfusion pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, or cardiac output between the two groups before ischemia was induced. The supply of oxygen and buffer was stopped for 10 min to induce ischemia in isolated rat hearts, and Acori graminei Rhizoma was administered while inducing ischemia. The data showed that Acori graminei Rhizoma treatment significantly prevented decreases in perfusion pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output under an ischemic condition. In addition, hemodynamics (except heart rate) of the AGR-treated group was significantly recovered 60 min after reperfusion compared to the control group, (systolic aortic pressure: 85.5% vs. 62.5%, aortic flow volume: 68.1% vs. 49.4%, coronary flow volume: 86.8% vs. 60.1%, and cardiac output: 73.1% vs. 54.1%, p<0.01). These results suggest that Acori graminei Rhizoma has distinct anti-ischemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonkyu Kang
- Purimed R&D Institute, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Atsumi T, Fujisawa S, Tonosaki K. A comparative study of the antioxidant/prooxidant activities of eugenol and isoeugenol with various concentrations and oxidation conditions. Toxicol In Vitro 2005; 19:1025-33. [PMID: 15964168 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2004] [Revised: 04/23/2005] [Accepted: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Eugenol (compound in , 4-allyl-2-methyoxyphenol) and isoeugenol (compound in , 4-propenyl-2-methoxyphenol), both used as a flavor agent in cosmetic and food products, have both prooxidant and antioxidant activities. Their adverse effects such as allergic and inflammatory reaction may be due to their prooxidant activity. To clarify the mechanisms of their cytotoxicity and the factors affecting their antioxidant/prooxidant activities, we investigated the cytotoxicity, ROS production, and cellular glutathione (GSH) levels induced by eugenol and isoeugenol in a human submandibular cell line. The cytotoxicity (MTT method) of eugenol was 1 order of magnitude lower than that of isoeugenol (CC50: eugenol, 0.395 mM; isoeugenol, 0.0523 mM); and ROS production (CDF staining) was induced significantly by isoeugenol, but not by eugenol. Under treatment with H2O2 (100 microM) plus horseradish peroxidase (1 microg/ml) for 30 min or with visible light irradiation for 5 min, eugenol caused biphasic ROS production characterized by enhanced at lower eugenol concentrations (5-10 microM) and decreased at higher concentrations (500 microM). In contrast, isoeugenol enhanced ROS production over a wide range of concentrations (5-500 microM). Isoeugenol at 1000 microM significantly reduced GSH levels compared with eugenol at the same concentration. The high cytotoxicity of isoeugenol may be attributed to its induction of high ROS production and low GSH levels, possibly as a result of benzyl radical formation. In contrast, the cytotoxicity of eugenol is likely to be mediated by ROS-independent mechanisms, possibly involving phenoxyl radicals and/or eugenol quinone methide.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Atsumi
- Department of Oral Physiology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1, Keyakidai, Sakado-shi, Saitama 350-0283, Japan.
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Chericoni S, Prieto JM, Iacopini P, Cioni P, Morelli I. In vitro activity of the essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and eugenol in peroxynitrite-induced oxidative processes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:4762-5. [PMID: 15941312 DOI: 10.1021/jf050183e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil obtained from the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (Lauraceae) and three of its main components, eugenol, (E)-cinnamaldehyde, and linalool (representing 82.5% of the total composition), were tested in two in vitro models of peroxynitrite-induced nitration and lipid peroxidation. The essential oil and eugenol showed very powerful activities, decreasing 3-nitrotyrosine formation with IC50 values of 18.4 microg/mL and 46.7 microM, respectively (reference compound, ascorbic acid, 71.3 microg/mL and 405.0 microM) and also inhibiting the peroxynitrite-induced lipid peroxidation showing an IC50 of 2.0 microg/mL and 13.1 microM, respectively, against 59.0 microg/mL (235.5 microM) of the reference compound Trolox. On the contrary, (E)-cinnamaldehyde and linalool were completely inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Chericoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Barik A, Priyadarsini K, Mohan H. Redox reactions of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (o-vanillin) in aqueous solution. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2003.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Studies on the reactions of sylvatesmin and lantbeside with oxidizing free radicals. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(03)00445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Ward G, Hadar Y, Bilkis I, Dosoretz CG. Mechanistic features of lignin peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of substituted phenols and 1,2-dimethoxyarenes. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:39726-34. [PMID: 12857756 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m303918200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The steady state kinetic parameters Km and kcat for the oxidation of phenolic substrates by lignin peroxidase correlated with the presteady state kinetic parameters Kd and k for the reaction of the enzyme intermediate compound II with the substrates, indicating that the latter is the rate-limiting step in the catalytic cycle. ln Km and ln Kd values for phenolic substrates correlated with redox properties, unlike ln kcat and ln k. This finding suggests that in contrast to horseradish peroxidase, electron transfer is not the rate-limiting step during oxidation by lignin peroxidase compound II. A mechanism is proposed for lignin peroxidase compound II reactions consisting of an equilibrium electron transfer step followed by a subsequent rate-limiting step. Analysis of the correlation coefficients for linear relationships between ln Kd and ln Km and different calculated redox parameters supports a mechanism in which the acidic forms of phenols are oxidized by lignin peroxidase and electron transfer is coupled with proton transfer. 1,2-Dimethoxyarenes did not comply with the trend for phenolic substrates, which may be a result of more than one substrate binding site on lignin peroxidase and/or alternative binding modes. This behavior was supported by analogue studies with the 1,2-dimethoxyarenes veratric acid and veratryl aldehyde, both of which are not oxidized by lignin peroxidase. Inclusion of either had little effect on the rate of oxidation of phenolic substrates yet resulted in a decrease in the oxidation rate of 1,2-dimethoxyarene substrates, which was considerable for veratryl alcohol and less pronounced for 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylalcohol and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid, in particular in the presence of veratric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Ward
- Division of Environmental Engineering and Science, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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41
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Priyadarsini KI, Maity DK, Naik GH, Kumar MS, Unnikrishnan MK, Satav JG, Mohan H. Role of phenolic O-H and methylene hydrogen on the free radical reactions and antioxidant activity of curcumin. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 35:475-84. [PMID: 12927597 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(03)00325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To understand the relative importance of phenolic O-H and the CH-H hydrogen on the antioxidant activity and the free radical reactions of Curcumin, (1,7-bis[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione), biochemical, physicochemical, and density functional theory (DFT) studies were carried out with curcumin and dimethoxy curcumin (1,7-bis[3, 4-dimethoxy phenyl]-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione). The antioxidant activity of these compounds was tested by following radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes, and the results suggested that at equal concentration, the efficiency to inhibit lipid peroxidation is changed from 82% with curcumin to 24% with dimethoxy curcumin. Kinetics of reaction of (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) DPPH, a stable hydrogen abstracting free radical was tested with these two compounds using stopped-flow spectrometer and steady state spectrophotometer. The bimolecular rate constant for curcumin was found to be approximately 1800 times greater than that for the dimethoxy derivative. Cyclic voltammetry studies of these two systems indicated two closely lying oxidation peaks at 0.84 and 1.0 V vs. SCE for curcumin, while only one peak at 1.0 V vs. SCE was observed for dimethoxy curcumin. Pulse radiolysis induced one-electron oxidation of curcumin and dimethoxy curcumin was studied at neutral pH using (*)N(3) radicals. This reaction with curcumin produced phenoxyl radicals absorbing at 500 nm, while in the case of dimethoxy curcumin a very weak signal in the UV region was observed. These results suggest that, although the energetics to remove hydrogen from both phenolic OH and the CH(2) group of the beta-diketo structure are very close, the phenolic OH is essential for both antioxidant activity and free radical kinetics. This is further confirmed by DFT calculations where it is shown that the -OH hydrogen is more labile for abstraction compared to the -CH(2) hydrogen in curcumin. Based on various experimental and theoretical results it is definitely concluded that the phenolic OH plays a major role in the activity of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Indira Priyadarsini
- Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India.
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42
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Lim BO. Effects of wogonin, wogonoside, and 3,5,7,2',6'-pentahydroxyflavone on chemical mediator production in peritoneal exduate cells and immunoglobulin E of rat mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 84:23-29. [PMID: 12499072 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wogonin (WG), wogonoside (WGS), and 3,5,7,2',6'-pentahydroxyl flavanone (PHF) were isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, and their effects on histamine, leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were examined in rats, observing for a manifestation of a type I allergic reaction. WG and WGS in the amounts of 10 and 100 microM were shown to markedly inhibit histamine release in cells stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187 or compound 48/80. PHF exerted inhibitory activity only at 100 microM. In the case of LTB(4), WG, WGS and PHF markedly inhibited LTB(4) production at the concentration of 100 microM. We also find that the increase in the IgE content induced by concanavalin A (ConA) was alleviated in the presence WG and WGS, while the inhibitory effect of PHF was much weaker. However, the magnitude of inhibitory effect observed on the content of lipid peroxidation induced by ConA was in order of PHF > WG > WGS, with PHF being the strongest. Interestingly, WG and WGS with the methoxyl group strongly inhibited histamine and IgE production, whereas PHF with the hydroxyl group in the B ring was much stronger than WG and WGS against lipid peroxidation. Based on data, it was concluded that the flavonoid components, WG, WGS, and PHF, may block a common pathway for the release of histamine and LTB(4), and that the IgE level is responsible for the lipid peroxidation induced by ConA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beong Ou Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, KyungHee University, 1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul 130-701, South Korea.
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43
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Butterfield D, Castegna A, Pocernich C, Drake J, Scapagnini G, Calabrese V. Nutritional approaches to combat oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease. J Nutr Biochem 2002; 13:444. [PMID: 12165357 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(02)00205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains are characterized by extensive oxidative stress. Additionally, large depositions of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) are observed, and many researchers opine that Abeta is central to the pathogenesis of AD. Our laboratory combined these two observations in a comprehensive model for neurodegeneration in AD brains centered around Abeta-induced oxidative stress. Given the oxidative stress in AD and its potentially important role in neurodegeneration, considerable research has been conducted on the use of antioxidants to slow or reverse the pathology and course of AD. One source of antioxidants is the diet. This review examines the literature of the effects of endogenous and exogenous, nutritionally-derived antioxidants in relation to AD. In particular, studies of glutathione and other SH-containing antioxidants, vitamins, and polyphenolic compounds and their use in AD and modulation of Abeta-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 40506-0055, Lexington, KY, USA
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Zhu BZ, Zhao HT, Kalyanaraman B, Frei B. Metal-independent production of hydroxyl radicals by halogenated quinones and hydrogen peroxide: an ESR spin trapping study. Free Radic Biol Med 2002; 32:465-73. [PMID: 11864786 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The metal-independent production of hydroxyl radicals (*OH) from H(2)O(2) and tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (TCBQ), a carcinogenic metabolite of the widely used wood-preservative pentachlorophenol, was studied by electron spin resonance methods. When incubated with the spin trapping agent 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), TCBQ and H(2)O(2) produced the DMPO/*OH adduct. The formation of DMPO/*OH was markedly inhibited by the *OH scavenging agents dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol, formate, and azide, with the concomitant formation of the characteristic DMPO spin trapping adducts with *CH(3), *CH(CH(3))OH, *COO(-), and *N(3), respectively. The formation of DMPO/*OH and DMPO/*CH(3) from TCBQ and H(2)O(2) in the absence and presence, respectively, of DMSO was inhibited by the trihydroxamate compound desferrioxamine, accompanied by the formation of the desferrioxamine-nitroxide radical. In contrast, DMPO/*OH and DMPO/*CH(3) formation from TCBQ and H(2)O(2) was not affected by the nonhydroxamate iron chelators bathophenanthroline disulfonate, ferrozine, and ferene, as well as the copper-specific chelator bathocuproine disulfonate. A comparative study with ferrous iron and H(2)O(2), the classic Fenton system, strongly supports our conclusion that *OH is produced by TCBQ and H(2)O(2) through a metal-independent mechanism. Metal-independent production of *OH from H(2)O(2) was also observed with several other halogenated quinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Zhan Zhu
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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45
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Rauscher FM, Sanders RA, Watkins JB. Effects of isoeugenol on oxidative stress pathways in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2001; 15:159-64. [PMID: 11424226 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Because some complications of diabetes mellitus may result from oxidative damage, we investigated the effects of subacute treatment (10mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal [ip], for 14 days) with the antioxidant isoeugenol on the oxidant defense system in normal and 30-day streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. Liver, kidney, brain, and heart were assayed for degree of lipid peroxidation, reduced and oxidized glutathione content, and activities of the free radical-detoxifying enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. All tissues from diabetic animals exhibited disturbances in antioxidant defense when compared with normal controls. Treatment with isoeugenol reversed diabetic effects on hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity and on oxidized glutathione concentration in brain. Treatment with the lipophilic compound isoeugenol also decreased lipid peroxidation in both liver and heart of normal animals and decreased hepatic oxidized glutathione content in both normal and diabetic rats. Some effects of isoeugenol treatment, such as decreased activity of hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase in diabetic rats, were unrelated to the oxidative effects of diabetes. In heart of diabetic animals, isoeugenol treatment resulted in an exacerbation of already elevated activities of catalase. These results indicate that isoeugenol therapy may not reverse diabetic oxidative stress in an overall sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Rauscher
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405-7005, USA
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46
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Kjällstrand J, Petersson G. Phenolic antioxidants in wood smoke. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2001; 277:69-75. [PMID: 11589408 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(00)00863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ten prominent dimethoxyphenols were determined in birchwood smoke from choked and open laboratory burning and in chimney smoke from a tiled stove. The structures of the methoxyphenols are similar to those of the well-known tocopherol and ubiquinol antioxidants. The 2,6-dimethoxyphenols characterising hardwood smoke are stronger antioxidants than the corresponding 2-methoxyphenols present mainly in softwood smoke. The antioxidant activity is highest for the 2,6-dimethoxyphenols with 4-alkenyl and 4-alkyl groups, which constitute 60-70% of the total amount of dimethoxyphenols. Phenolic antioxidants are scavengers of oxygen radicals and should be considered when health hazards of small-scale incomplete biomass burning are estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kjällstrand
- Department of Chemical Environmental Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
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47
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Bisby RH, Parker AW. Structure of the radical from one-electron oxidation of 4-hydroxycinnamate. Free Radic Res 2001; 35:85-91. [PMID: 11697120 DOI: 10.1080/10715760100300621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Radicals from one-electron oxidation of 4-hydroxycinnamate, ferulate and 3,4-dihydroxycinnamate have been formed by reaction with the oxidising triplet state of duroquinone. All three compounds react with triplet duroquinone with second order rate constants close to the diffusion-controlled limit. The identity of the resulting radicals is confirmed by observation of their characteristic visible absorption spectra. Time-resolved resonance Raman (TR3) spectra of the radical from 4-hydroxycinnamate were measured using a probe laser wavelength of 600 nm, to be in resonance with the long wavelength absorption band of the radical. The TR3 spectra contain prominent bands ascribed to the C-O and ring C-C stretching vibrations. The spectra are interpreted as indicating strong delocalisation of the radical site to the double bond in conjugation with the aromatic ring in 4-hydroxycinnamate. This contributes to the low reduction potential of the radical and the antioxidant properties of hydroxycinnamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Bisby
- Division of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK.
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48
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Moreira DL, Souza PO, Kaplan MA, Pereira NA, Cardoso GL, Guimarães EF. Effect of leaf essential oil from Piper solmsianum C.DC. in mice behaviour. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2001; 73:33-7. [PMID: 11246267 DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652001000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil from Piper solmsianum leaves and its major compound (sarisan) were tested to verify their influences upon mice behaviour. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation in a modified Clevenger extractor and analysed by GC/ MS. This analysis revealed in the oil the presence of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and of arylpropanoids. The compound sarisan, a myristicin analogue, was isolated from the oil to perform the pharmacological tests. Emulsions of the oil and of sarisan (5.0 and 10.0% v/v) were used in the tests. Pentobarbital (30 mg/ kg s.c.) or diazepam (2.5 mg/ kg s.c.) were tested as standard drugs to verify depressant or anxiolytic effects, respectively. Both essential oil and sarisan showed to have exciting and depressant effects in the tested animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Moreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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49
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Khopde SM, Priyadarsini KI. Application of Marcus theory of electron transfer for the reactions between HRP compound I and II and 2,4-disubstituted phenols. Biophys Chem 2000; 88:103-9. [PMID: 11152266 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4622(00)00203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactions between horseradish peroxidase (HRP) compound I and II and some natural phenolic antioxidants were studied at pH 7. The bimolecular rate constants for these reactions were determined using a sequential mixing stopped-flow spectrometer. The rate constants for the reactions of compound I were found to be two orders of magnitude higher than those for compound II. The phenols under study showed a significant difference in their one-electron reduction potential values. As the rate constants also changed systematically with their one-electron potentials, the Marcus theory of electron transfer was applied to the above determined rate constants and the thermodynamic driving force (deltaG(o)), from which the reorganization energy (lambda) for the electron transfer from phenols to both compound I and II was estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Khopde
- Radiation Chemisty & Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai, India
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50
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Barclay LR, Vinqvist MR, Mukai K, Goto H, Hashimoto Y, Tokunaga A, Uno H. On the antioxidant mechanism of curcumin: classical methods are needed to determine antioxidant mechanism and activity. Org Lett 2000; 2:2841-3. [PMID: 10964379 DOI: 10.1021/ol000173t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
[reaction: see structure] The antioxidant activity of curcumin (1, 7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) was determined by inhibition of controlled initiation of styrene oxidation. Synthetic nonphenolic curcuminoids exhibited no antioxidant activity; therefore, curcumin is a classical phenolic chain-breaking antioxidant, donating H atoms from the phenolic groups not the CH(2) group as has been suggested (Jovanovic et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9677). The antioxidant activities of o-methoxyphenols are decreased in hydrogen bond accepting media.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Barclay
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Instrumentation Center for Chemical Analysis, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577 Japan.
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