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Label-Free Oligonucleotide-Based SPR Biosensor for the Detection of the Gene Mutation Causing Prothrombin-Related Thrombophilia. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20216240. [PMID: 33142935 PMCID: PMC7663036 DOI: 10.3390/s20216240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prothrombin-related thrombophilia is a genetic disorder produced by a substitution of a single DNA base pair, replacing guanine with adenine, and is detected mainly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A suitable alternative that could detect the single point mutation without requiring sample amplification is the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. SPR biosensors are of great interest: they offer a platform to monitor biomolecular interactions, are highly selective, and enable rapid analysis in real time. Oligonucleotide-based SPR biosensors can be used to differentiate complementary sequences from partially complementary or noncomplementary strands. In this work, a glass chip covered with an ultrathin (50 nm) gold film was modified with oligonucleotide strands complementary to the mutated or normal (nonmutated) DNA responsible for prothrombin-related thrombophilia, forming two detection platforms called mutated thrombophilia (MT) biosensor and normal thrombophilia (NT) biosensor. The results show that the hybridization response is obtained in 30 min, label free and with high reproducibility. The sensitivity obtained in both systems was approximately 4 ΔμRIU/nM. The dissociation constant and limits of detection calculated were 12.2 nM and 20 pM (3 fmol), respectively, for the MT biosensor, and 8.5 nM and 30 pM (4.5 fmol) for the NT biosensor. The two biosensors selectively recognize their complementary strand (mutated or normal) in buffer solution. In addition, each platform can be reused up to 24 times when the surface is regenerated with HCl. This work contributes to the design of the first SPR biosensor for the detection of prothrombin-related thrombophilia based on oligonucleotides with single point mutations, label-free and without the need to apply an amplification method.
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2
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Basu AK, Basu A, Bhattacharya S. Micro/Nano fabricated cantilever based biosensor platform: A review and recent progress. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 139:109558. [PMID: 32732024 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent trends in biosensing research have motivated scientists and research professionals to investigate the development of miniaturized bioanalytical devices to make them portable, label-free and smaller in size. The performance of the cantilever-based devices which is one of the very important domains of sensitive field level detection has improved significantly with the development of new micro/nanofabrication technologies and surface functionalization techniques. The cantilevers have scaled down to Nano from micro-level and have become exceptionally sensitive and also have some anomalous associated properties due to the scale. In this review we have discussed about fundamental principles of cantilever operation, detection methods, and previous, present and future approaches of study through cantilever-based sensing platform. Other than that, we have also discussed the past major bio-sensing efforts through micro/nano cantilevers and about recent progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviru Kumar Basu
- Design Programme, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, U.P. 208016, India; Microsystems Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, U.P. 208016, India; Singapore University of Technology and Design, 487372 Singapore
| | - Adreeja Basu
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, N.Y 11439, USA
| | - Shantanu Bhattacharya
- Design Programme, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, U.P. 208016, India; Microsystems Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, U.P. 208016, India.
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3
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Mohammadi Aria M, Erten A, Yalcin O. Technology Advancements in Blood Coagulation Measurements for Point-of-Care Diagnostic Testing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:395. [PMID: 31921804 PMCID: PMC6917661 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, blood coagulation monitoring has become crucial to diagnosing causes of hemorrhages, developing anticoagulant drugs, assessing bleeding risk in extensive surgery procedures and dialysis, and investigating the efficacy of hemostatic therapies. In this regard, advanced technologies such as microfluidics, fluorescent microscopy, electrochemical sensing, photoacoustic detection, and micro/nano electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) have been employed to develop highly accurate, robust, and cost-effective point of care (POC) devices. These devices measure electrochemical, optical, and mechanical parameters of clotting blood. Which can be correlated to light transmission/scattering, electrical impedance, and viscoelastic properties. In this regard, this paper discusses the working principles of blood coagulation monitoring, physical and sensing parameters in different technologies. In addition, we discussed the recent progress in developing nanomaterials for blood coagulation detection and treatments which opens up new area of controlling and monitoring of coagulation at the same time in the future. Moreover, commercial products, future trends/challenges in blood coagulation monitoring including novel anticoagulant therapies, multiplexed sensing platforms, and the application of artificial intelligence in diagnosis and monitoring have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmet Erten
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yalcin
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Koc University School of Medicine, Koc University, Sariyer, Turkey
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4
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Yao J, Feng B, Zhang Z, Li C, Zhang W, Guo Z, Zhao H, Zhou L. Blood Coagulation Testing Smartphone Platform Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance Dissipation Method. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18093073. [PMID: 30217015 PMCID: PMC6164724 DOI: 10.3390/s18093073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood coagulation function monitoring is important for people who are receiving anticoagulation treatment and a portable device is needed by these patients for blood coagulation self-testing. In this paper, a novel smartphone based blood coagulation test platform was proposed. It was developed based on parylene-C coated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) dissipation measuring and analysis. The parylene-C coating constructed a robust and adhesive surface for fibrin capturing. The dissipation factor was obtained by measuring the frequency response of the sensor. All measured data were sent to a smartphone via Bluetooth for dissipation calculation and blood coagulation results computation. Two major coagulation indexes, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were measured on this platform compared with results by a commercial hemostasis system in a clinical laboratory. The measurement results showed that the adjusted R-square (R2) value for APTT and PT measurements were 0.985 and 0.961 respectively. The QCM dissipation method for blood coagulation measurement was reliable and effective and the platform together with the QCM dissipation method was a promising solution for point of care blood coagulation testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Bin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Chuanyu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Zhen Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Heming Zhao
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Lianqun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
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5
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Padovani F, Duffy J, Hegner M. Nanomechanical clinical coagulation diagnostics and monitoring of therapies. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:17939-17947. [PMID: 29125171 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06992h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical coagulation diagnostics often requires multiple tests. Coagulation times are a first indication of an abnormal coagulation process, such as a coagulation factor deficiency. To determine the specific deficient factor, additional immuno- and/or enzyme assays are necessary. Currently, every clinical laboratory has to normalize their assays (international normalized ratio, INR), and therefore, certain variability within the clinical analytics exists. We report a novel strategy for a quick, reliable and quantitative diagnosis of blood coagulation diseases (e.g. haemophilia) and for monitoring factor replacement and anticoagulant therapies (e.g. heparin treatment). We exploit nano-oscillations of microcantilevers for real-time measurements of the evolving blood plasma clot strength (viscosity). The sensors are oscillated at multiple high resonance mode numbers, in order to minimise the oscillation amplitude (a few nanometers), to provide direct internal control and to increase the quality factor. Along with the activated thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) other parameters important for thrombosis diagnostics can be obtained, including the final clot strength and the fibrinolysis time. We demonstrate the dependence of the parameters on factor deficiencies and we diagnose a specific factor deficiency through an integrated and quantitative in situ immunoassay. This approach does not require continuous calibration since it delivers an absolute quantity (clot strength). The low sample volume required (a few μl) and the ability to measure different parameters within the same test (PT, aPTT and global coagulation assay) make the presented technique a versatile point-of-care device for clinical coagulation diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Padovani
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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6
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Wu H, Zhao G, Zu H, Wang JHC, Wang QM. Real-Time Monitoring of Platelet Activation Using Quartz Thickness-Shear Mode Resonator Sensors. Biophys J 2017; 110:669-679. [PMID: 26840731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, quartz thickness-shear mode (TSM) resonator sensors were adopted to monitor the process of platelet activation. Resting platelets adhering to fibrinogen-coated electrodes were activated by different concentrations of thrombin (1, 10, and 100 U/mL), and the corresponding electrical admittance spectra of TSM resonators during this process were recorded. Based on a bilayer-loading transmission line model of TSM resonators, the complex shear modulus (G' + jG″) and the average thickness (hPL) of the platelet monolayer at a series of time points were obtained. Decrease in thrombin concentration from 100 to 1 U/mL shifted all peaks and plateaus in G', G″, and hPL to higher time points, which could be attributed to the partial activation of platelets by low concentrations of thrombin. The peak value of hPL was acquired when platelets presented their typical spherical shape as the first transformation in activation process. The G' peak appeared 10 ∼ 20 min after hPL peak, when some filopods were observed along the periphery of platelets but without obvious cell spreading. As platelet spreading began and continued, G', G″, and hPL decreased, leading to a steady rise of resonance frequency shift of TSM resonator sensors. The results show high reliability and stability of TSM resonator sensors in monitoring the process of platelet activation, revealing an effective method to measure platelet activities in real-time under multiple experimental conditions. The G', G″, and hPL values could provide useful quantitative measures on platelet structure variations in activation process, indicating potential of TSM resonators in characterization of cells during their transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Guangyi Zhao
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hongfei Zu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James H-C Wang
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Qing-Ming Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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7
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Lundström I. From a Laboratory Exercise for Students to a Pioneering Biosensing Technology. PLASMONICS (NORWELL, MASS.) 2014; 9:741-751. [PMID: 25177230 PMCID: PMC4145188 DOI: 10.1007/s11468-013-9654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for biosensing was demonstrated 30 years ago. In the present contribution, its general background is described together with the necessary developments both in instrumentation and surface chemistry, leading to the final so-called BIAcore technology. The description is naturally colored by my personal opinion of the developments. SPR for the elucidation of organic mono- and multilayers introduced at the end of the 1970s formed the basis for the first biosensing demonstration of SPR in the beginning of the 1980s. It is pointed out how the need of an up-to-date laboratory exercise for the undergraduate students and the multidisciplinary environment at the Laboratory of Applied Physics at Linköping University led to this demonstration. The initial experiments are touched upon and the further developments at Pharmacia, which led to the BIAcore technology, are described in some details. Some of the present activities in Linköping related to optical biosensing with ubiquitous instrumentation are also described, including SPR detection with a computer screen and a web camera and most recently with a cellular phone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingemar Lundström
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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8
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Identification and analysis of an impurity inducing clinical adverse effect in anti-adhesion carboxymethyl chitosan products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 85:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Leclercq L, Modena E, Vert M. Adsorption of proteins at physiological concentrations on pegylated surfaces and the compatibilizing role of adsorbed albumin with respect to other proteins according to optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS). JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2013; 24:1499-518. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2013.772045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Leclercq
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules , UMR CNRS 5247, University Montpellier 1, Team CRBA, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
| | - Enrico Modena
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules , UMR CNRS 5247, University Montpellier 1, Team CRBA, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
| | - Michel Vert
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules , UMR CNRS 5247, University Montpellier 1, Team CRBA, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
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10
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Aubailly L, Drucbert AS, Danzé PM, Forzy G. Comparison of surface plasmon resonance transferrin quantification with a common immunoturbidimetric method. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:731-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Faivre M, Peltié P, Planat-Chrétien A, Cosnier ML, Cubizolles M, Nougier C, Négrier C, Pouteau P. Coagulation dynamics of a blood sample by multiple scattering analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:057001. [PMID: 21639579 DOI: 10.1117/1.3573813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a new technique to measure coagulation dynamics on whole-blood samples. The method relies on the analysis of the speckle figure resulting from a whole-blood sample mixed with coagulation reagent and introduced in a thin chamber illuminated with a coherent light. A dynamic study of the speckle reveals a typical behavior due to coagulation. We compare our measured coagulation times to a reference method obtained in a medical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Faivre
- DTBS/SBSC/LCIV, CEA/Leti, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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12
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Kappel A, Stephan S, Christ G, Haude-Barten A, Dahm M, Schwarz H, Fischer B, Hahn M, Althaus H, Ehm M, Vitzthum F. Coagulation assays based on the Luminescent Oxygen Channeling Immunoassay technology1). Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49:855-60. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Guhr G, Brunig R, Schmidt H, Weihnacht M, Gehrisch S, Siegert G. Surface acoustic wave resonators as novel tools for multiparametric blood analysis. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2010; 2010:3499-502. [PMID: 21097030 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2010.5627792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this paper a new tool to assess viscoelastic and dielectric properties of human fluids is presented. Shear horizontal polarized surface acoustic waves (SH-SAW) are used to detect the viscoelastic properties of coagulating blood and blood plasma samples. One-port SAW resonators, with fundamental modes of 85, 170 und 340 MHz were developed. Additionally, their electrode structures can be used simultaneously to detect the dielectric behavior of the whole system by impedance spectroscopy while the frequency ranges from kHz to MHz. The combination of both methods offers the detection of clinical relevant blood parameters like the blood coagulation time and the hematocrit value within one measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guhr
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State ad Materials Research Dresden, IFW Dresden, Germany.
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14
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Müller L, Sinn S, Drechsel H, Ziegler C, Wendel HP, Northoff H, Gehring FK. Investigation of prothrombin time in human whole-blood samples with a quartz crystal biosensor. Anal Chem 2010; 82:658-63. [PMID: 20000697 DOI: 10.1021/ac9021117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis is an important issue in treatment of patients with cardiovascular problems and in surgery when blood gets into contact with artificial surfaces. In this work a new method for measuring the coagulation time (prothrombin time, PT) of human whole-blood samples based on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor is presented. The 10 MHz sensors used in this work respond with a frequency shift to changes in viscosity during blood clot formation. For driving and for readout of the quartz, both a network analyzer and an oscillator circuit were utilized. The sensor surfaces were specifically coated with a thin polyethylene layer. We found that both frequency analysis methods are suitable to measure exact prothrombin times in a very good conformity with a mechanical coagulometer as a reference. The anticoagulant effect of heparin on the prothrombin time was exemplarily shown as well as the reverse effect of the heparin antagonist polybrene. The change of the viscoelastic properties during blood coagulation, reflected by the ratio of frequency and dissipation shifts, is discussed for different dilutions of the whole-blood samples. In conclusion, QCM is a distinguished biosensor technique to determine prothrombin time and to monitor heparin therapy in whole-blood samples. Due to the excellent potential of miniaturization and the availability of direct digital signals, the method is predestinated for incorporation and integration into other devices and is thus opening the field of application for inline coagulation diagnostic in extracorporeal blood circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Müller
- Biosensor Research Group, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Bonanno LM, DeLouise LA. Whole blood optical biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 23:444-8. [PMID: 17720473 PMCID: PMC2080782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The future of rapid point-of-care diagnostics depends on the development of cheap, noncomplex, and easily integrated systems to analyze biological samples directly from the patient (e.g. blood, urine, and saliva). A key concern in diagnostic biosensing is signal differentiation between non-specifically bound material and the specific capture of target molecules. This is a particular challenge for optical detection devices in analyzing complex biological samples. Here we demonstrate a porous silicon (PSi) label-free optical biosensor that has intrinsic size-exclusion filtering capabilities which enhances signal differentiation. We present the first demonstration of highly repeatable, specific detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum and whole blood samples over a typical physiological range using the PSi material as both a biosensor substrate and filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Bonanno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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16
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Evans PA, Hawkins K, Lawrence M, Williams RL, Barrow MS, Thirumalai N, Williams PR. Rheometry and associated techniques for blood coagulation studies. Med Eng Phys 2007; 30:671-9. [PMID: 17900965 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This review considers various rheometrical approaches that have been adopted to study blood coagulation, with special reference to the rheological assessment of clotting time and studies of the evolution of viscoelasticity during the course of fibrin polymerization and cross-linking. The significance of the Gel Point in blood coagulation studies is discussed as a common feature of many of these studies in that they attempt to detect a liquid-to-solid transition during coagulation. Coagulation studies based on various forms of complex shear modulus measurements are considered, the latter being based principally on controlled stress and controlled strain rheometers. Also considered are the long established technique of thromboelastography and several emerging techniques such as wave propagation measurements, free oscillation rheometry, quartz crystal microbalance measurements and surface plasmon resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Evans
- Division of Clinical Haemorheology, Swansea NHS Trust Hospital, Morriston, and Centre for Complex Fluids Processing, School of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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17
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Hansson KM, Johansen K, Wetterö J, Klenkar G, Benesch J, Lundström I, Lindahl TL, Tengvall P. Surface plasmon resonance detection of blood coagulation and platelet adhesion under venous and arterial shear conditions. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 23:261-8. [PMID: 17548188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based flow chamber device was designed for real time detection of blood coagulation and platelet adhesion in platelet rich plasma (PRP) and whole blood. The system allowed the detection of surface interactions throughout the 6mm length of the flow chamber. After deposition of thromboplastin onto a section of the sensor surface near the inlet of the flow chamber, coagulation was detected downstream of this position corresponding to a SPR signal of 7 to 8 mRIU (7 to 8 ng/mm2). A nonmodified control surface induced coagulation 3.5 times slower. Platelet adhesion to gold and fibrinogen coated surfaces in the magnitude of 1.25 and 1.66 mRIU was also shown with platelets in buffer, respectively. SPR responses obtained with PRP and whole blood on surfaces that were methylated or coated with von Willebrand factor (vWF), fibrinogen, or collagen, coincided well with platelet adhesion as observed with fluorescence microscopy in parallel experiments. The present SPR detection equipped flow chamber system is a promising tool for studies on coagulation events and blood cell adhesion under physiological flow conditions, and allows monitoring of short-range surface processes in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny M Hansson
- Division of Applied Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
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18
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Battaglia TM, Masson JF, Sierks MR, Beaudoin SP, Rogers J, Foster KN, Holloway GA, Booksh KS. Quantification of cytokines involved in wound healing using surface plasmon resonance. Anal Chem 2007; 77:7016-23. [PMID: 16255604 DOI: 10.1021/ac050568w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sensing of three cytokines related to chronic wound healing, interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), with detection limits at or below 1 ng/mL in buffered saline solution and spiked cell culture medium (CCM) has been achieved. Fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors are coated with an antibody binding layer and antibodies specific to the cytokine of interest are covalently attached to this layer. To achieve such detection limits in a complex medium such as CCM, total protein content of 4 mg/mL, the use of a novel N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (NHS-MHA) is necessary. A comparison of the detection limits for IL-6 using currently widely used CM-dextran and NHS-MHA shows an improvement by a factor of 3 using NHS-MHA. The detection limits for the monitoring of cytokines in spiked saline solutions and CCM were similar for TNF-alpha and slightly higher for IL-1 and IL-6. The detection of each cytokine in the presence of interfering agents resulted in concentration prediction well within the error of calibration. The SPR sensors are stable in CCM after 20 min of pretreatment in CCM, minimizing the reliance on a reference sensor to quantify the cytokines in complex media. This technique enables a major advancement in the field of real-time monitoring of biologically relevant molecules in complex biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina M Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
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19
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Masson JF, Battaglia TM, Cramer J, Beaudoin S, Sierks M, Booksh KS. Reduction of nonspecific protein binding on surface plasmon resonance biosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:1951-9. [PMID: 17086391 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Revised: 08/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of the nonspecific serum protein adsorption on a gold surface to levels low enough to allow the detection of biomarkers in complex media has been achieved using the N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid. Carboxymethylated dextran (CM dextran), which is widely used, nonspecifically adsorbs enough proteins to mask the signal from target biomarkers in complex solutions such as serum or blood. The use of short-chain thiols greatly reduces the amount of nonspecific protein adsorption. Mixed layers of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid or the NHS ester of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid mixed layers with either 11-mercaptoundecanol or undecanethiol, and 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid or the NHS ester of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid with hexadecanethiol, were also investigated for nonspecific protein binding properties as well as for biomarker signal response. The NHS ester of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid exhibits the largest signal for the biomarker myoglobin (including CM dextran) while offering a significantly diminished amount of nonspecific binding. The sensor has also been shown to detect interleukin-6 in cell culture media containing protein concentrations of at least 4 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Masson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
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20
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Yuk JS, Kim HS, Jung JW, Jung SH, Lee SJ, Kim WJ, Han JA, Kim YM, Ha KS. Analysis of protein interactions on protein arrays by a novel spectral surface plasmon resonance imaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 21:1521-8. [PMID: 16095894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2005] [Revised: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We presented a novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging method for analysis of protein arrays based on a wavelength interrogation-based SPR biosensor. The spectral imaging was performed by the combination of position control and resonance wavelengths calculated from SPR reflectivity spectra. The imaging method was evaluated by analyzing interactions of glutathione S-transferase-fusion proteins with their antibodies. Antigen-antibody interactions were successfully analyzed on glutathione S-transferase-fusion protein arrays by using the spectral imaging method, and the results were confirmed by a parallel analysis using a previously used spectral SPR biosensor based on wavelength interrogation. Specific binding of anti-Rac1 and anti-RhoA to Rac1 and RhoA on the protein arrays was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by the spectral SPR imaging. Thus, it was suggested that the novel spectral SPR imaging was a useful tool for the high-throughput analysis of protein-protein interactions on protein arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seol Yuk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Nano-Bio Sensor Research Center, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chunchon, South Korea
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21
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Garden SR, Doellgast GJ, Killham KS, Strachan NJC. A fluorescent coagulation assay for thrombin using a fibre optic evanescent wave sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 19:737-40. [PMID: 14709392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2003.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A fibre optic evanescent wave sensor is used for the rapid detection of thrombin. Coagulation of solution phase fluorescently labelled fibrinogen to unlabelled fibrinogen bound to the surface of the fibre optic is observed in real time by the evanescent wave sensor. Thrombin concentrations down to 0.01 NIHml(-1) are detectable within 5 min. The potential application of this technique for rapid amplified immunosensing is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Garden
- Department of Plant, Soil Science, School of Biological Sciences, Cruickshank Building, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
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22
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Andersson M, Sellborn A, Fant C, Gretzer C, Elwing H. Acoustics of blood plasma on solid surfaces. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2003; 13:907-17. [PMID: 12463510 DOI: 10.1163/156856202320401951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have quantified surface associated coagulation of human blood plasma with a recently developed methodological system consisting of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), a method that measures the weight of adsorbed molecules on surfaces as a function of frequency shifts of a quartz crystal. Further, it measures the damping energy (i.e. viscoelasticity) of the adsorbed layer. Four different surfaces where studied: Heparin (Hep) surface as an active inhibitor of clot formation, titanium (Ti) surfaces that are known to activate the intrinsic pathway, polystyrene (PS) surfaces and poly(urethane urea) (PUUR) surfaces. The experiments were initiated by applying citrated human plasma at the sensor surfaces; calcium was then added toinitiate coagulation. The Hep surfaces showed no apparent indication of clot formation during one hour of incubation at room temperature. However, on Ti surfaces we observed an early and rapid change in both frequency shift and viscoelastic properties of the coagulating plasma. We inhibited the intrinsic pathway activation by using corn trypsin inhibitor (CTI), which is specific for factor FXIIa in the bulk phase, which prolonged the coagulation times for all non-heparinized surfaces. We have also found a peculiar initial plasma protein interaction phenomenon on Ti surfaces. The described methodology would be very efficient for basic studies of surface associated coagulation and as a screening method for new biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology/Interface biophysics, Lundberg Laboratory, Göteborg University, Box 462, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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23
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Puckett LG, Barrett G, Kouzoudis D, Grimes C, Bachas LG. Monitoring blood coagulation with magnetoelastic sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2003; 18:675-81. [PMID: 12706578 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(03)00033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The determination of blood coagulation time is an essential part of monitoring therapeutic anticoagulants. Standard methodologies for the measurement of blood clotting time require dedicated personnel and involve blood sampling procedures. A new method based on magnetoelastic sensors has been employed for the monitoring of blood coagulation. The ribbon-like magnetoelastic sensor oscillates at a fundamental frequency, which shifts linearly in response to applied mass loads or a fixed mass load of changing elasticity. The magnetoelastic sensors emit magnetic flux, which can be detected by a remotely located pick-up coil, so that no direct physical connections are required. During blood coagulation, the viscosity of blood changes due to the formation of a soft fibrin clot. In turn, this change in viscosity shifts the characteristic resonance frequency of the magnetoelastic sensor enabling real-time continuous monitoring of this biological event. By monitoring the signal output as a function of time, a distinct blood clotting profile can be seen. The relatively low cost of the magnetoelastic ribbons enables their use as disposable sensors. This, along with the reduced volume of blood required, make the magnetoelastic sensors well suited for at-home and point-of-care testing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libby G Puckett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
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24
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Hansson KM, Tengvall P, Lundström I, Rånby M, Lindahl TL. Comparative studies with surface plasmon resonance and free oscillation rheometry on the inhibition of platelets with cytochalasin E and monoclonal antibodies towards GPIIb/IIIa. Biosens Bioelectron 2002; 17:761-71. [PMID: 12191924 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the haemostatic system a multitude of processes are intertwined in fine-tuned interactions that arrest bleeding, keep the circulatory system open, and the blood flowing. The occurrence of both surface and bulk interactions adds an additional dimension of complexity. These insights have led to the belief that global overall procedures can inform on the likely behaviour of the system in health and disease. Two sensing procedures: surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which senses surface interactions, and free oscillation rheometry (FOR), which senses interactions within the bulk, have been combined and evaluated. The contribution of blood cells, mainly platelets, to the SPR and FOR signals was explored by simultaneous SPR and FOR measurement during native whole blood coagulation, accelerated via the platelets through addition of SFLLRN peptide and inhibition of platelet aggregation with abciximab (ReoPro) and of shape change with cytochalasin E. The SPR technique was found to be sensitive to inhibition of blood cell functions such as adhesion to and spreading on surfaces, as well as platelet aggregation. SPR seemed not to be directly sensitive to fibrin polymerisation in coagulating whole blood. The FOR technique detected the coagulation as a bulk phenomenon, i.e. the gelation of the blood due to fibrin formation was detected. The combination of SPR and FOR may therefore be suitable for studies on blood cell functions during coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny M Hansson
- Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Linköping University Hospital, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
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25
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Hansson KM, Tengvall P, Lundström I, Rånby M, Lindahl TL. Surface plasmon resonance and free oscillation rheometry in combination: a useful approach for studies on haemostasis and interactions between whole blood and artificial surfaces. Biosens Bioelectron 2002; 17:747-59. [PMID: 12191923 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In haemostatic and biomaterial research biological processes at surfaces and in the bulk phase of the surface-contacting medium are important. The present work demonstrates the usefulness of the combination of surface plasmon resonance (SPR), sensitive to changes in refractive index at surfaces, and free oscillation rheometry (FOR), sensitive to rheological properties of the bulk, for simultaneous real-time measurements on coagulation and fibrinolysis of blood plasma and coagulation of whole blood. SFLLRN stimulated coagulation of native whole blood presented a higher SPR signal with different appearance than plasma coagulation, while the FOR signals corresponding to plasma and whole blood coagulation were similar. This indicated that the SPR technique was more sensitive to cell-surface interactions than to fibrin formation in whole blood during coagulation, while the FOR technique were equally sensitive to coagulation in whole blood and plasma. Spontaneous coagulation of native whole blood in contact with methyl- and hydroxyl-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAM) on gold and gold surfaces regenerated after coagulation were also studied. The regenerated gold surfaces displayed the shortest coagulation times, although the contact-activation of blood coagulation for these surfaces was low. The methylated and hydroxylated surfaces were comparable in terms of coagulation activation, while the hydroxylated surfaces presented FOR signals that indicated detaching of the coagulum from the surface. The combination of SPR and FOR is well suited for studies of cell- and protein-surface interactions and simultaneous bulk processes. Possible applications are investigations of blood cell defects in patients and monitoring of native whole blood interactions with artificial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny M Hansson
- Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Linköping University Hospital, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
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26
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Shirshov YM, Snopok BA, Samoylov AV, Kiyanovskij AP, Venger EF, Nabok AV, Ray AK. Analysis of the response of planar polarization interferometer to molecular layer formation: fibrinogen adsorption on silicon nitride surface. Biosens Bioelectron 2001; 16:381-90. [PMID: 11672652 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(01)00148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The most sensitive optical method of interferometry was exploited for determination of changes in the refractive index following the adsorption of biological molecules onto the solid surface. Instead of having two waveguiding arms (the main and the reference) in traditional Mach-Zhender interferometer, two ortogonal TM and TE modes propagating through the SiO(2)-Si(3)N(4)-SiO(2) waveguide structure were employed in planar polarization interferometer (PPI). Multiperiodic PPI response was, therefore, formed due to the phase shift between TM and TE modes. A matrix simulation procedure was developed in order to investigate the influence of both the refractive index and molecular layer thickness on the PPI response. Nonspecifical binding of fibrinogen to silicon nitride surface was studied as a model object for PPI testing. The results obtained are in good agreement with the known information about fibrinogen adsorption on the different surfaces. An attempt to introduce the concept of 'surface molecular concentration and molecular polariziability' instead of 'molecular layer thickness and refractivity' was undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Shirshov
- Department of Functional Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences, 252028 Kiev, Ukraine
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27
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Vikinge TP, Hansson KM, Sandström P, Liedberg B, Lindahl TL, Lundström I, Tengvall P, Höök F. Comparison of surface plasmon resonance and quartz crystal microbalance in the study of whole blood and plasma coagulation. Biosens Bioelectron 2001; 15:605-13. [PMID: 11213221 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(00)00125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The coagulation of blood plasma and whole blood was studied with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based device and a quartz crystal microbalance instrument with energy dissipation detection (QCM-D). The SPR and QCM-D response signals were similar in shape but differing in time scales, reflecting differences in detection mechanisms. The QCM-D response time was longer than SPR, as a physical coupling of the sample to the substrate is required for molecules to be detected by the QCM-method. Change of sample properties within the evanescent field is sufficient for detection with SPR. Both the SPR signals and the QCM-D frequency and dissipation shifts showed dependency on concentrations of coagulation activator and sensitivity to heparin additions. The ratio of dissipation to frequency shifts, commonly considered to reflect viscoelastic properties of the sample, varied with the concentration of activator in blood plasma but not in whole blood. Additions of heparin to the thromboplastin activated whole blood sample, however, made the ratio variation reoccur. Implications of these observations for the understanding of the blood coagulation processes as well as the potential of the two methods in the clinic and in research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Vikinge
- Laboratory of Applied Physics, IFM, Linköping University, Sweden.
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28
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Abstract
The application of surface plasmon resonance biosensors in life sciences and pharmaceutical research continues to increase. This review provides a comprehensive list of the commercial 1999 SPR biosensor literature and highlights emerging applications that are of general interest to users of the technology. Given the variability in the quality of published biosensor data, we present some general guidelines to help increase confidence in the results reported from biosensor analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132, USA
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