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Pané A, Viaplana J, Giró O, Llopis J, Ibarzabal A, de Hollanda A, Vidal J, Ortega E, Jiménez A, Chiva-Blanch G. Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Blood and Vascular Large Extracellular Vesicles According to Type 2 Diabetes Status. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e107-e118. [PMID: 37589958 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Large extracellular vesicles (lEVs) enriched for endothelial and blood cell markers are increased in metabolic conditions such as obesity or type 2 diabetes (T2D), actively contribute to the atherosclerotic process, and have been identified as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although bariatric surgery (BS) in individuals with obesity is related to decreased cardiovascular (CV) risk and increased life expectancy, after BS these subjects are still at higher CV risk than the general population. OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the lEV profiles between individuals with obesity, with or without T2D, before and 1 year after BS, and normal-weight controls. METHODS Prospective longitudinal study with individuals eligible for BS, with or without T2D (T2D and OB groups, respectively) and healthy controls (HC group) matched by age and sex. The concentration and phenotype of lEVs were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The study cohort included 108 individuals (age 48.0 ± 10.5 years; 84.3% females). Before BS, the OB group presented higher concentrations of lEV enriched for endothelial and blood cell biomarkers than the HC group, but lower concentrations than those observed in the T2D group (P < .05). BS resulted in a significant reduction in most of the lEVs enriched for cell-specific markers in both subgroups. lEV differences between OB and T2D groups were no longer observed after BS (P > .05). However, compared with HC group, OB and T2D groups still showed increased concentrations of lEVs enriched for platelet and endothelial cell markers (P < .05). CONCLUSION At 1 year after BS, lEV concentrations remain above the physiological range. These abnormalities might contribute to explaining the increased CV risk after BS and underscore the importance of long-term CV risk factor control in post-BS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pané
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Viaplana
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Giró
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Llopis
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainitze Ibarzabal
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana de Hollanda
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ortega
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Jiménez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Health Science Faculty, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
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Nørgård MØ, Lund PM, Kalisi N, Andresen TL, Larsen JB, Vogel S, Svenningsen P. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species modify extracellular vesicles secretion rate. FASEB Bioadv 2023; 5:355-366. [PMID: 37674540 PMCID: PMC10478507 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2023-00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion rate is stimulated by hypoxia that causes increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-1 signaling; however, their contribution to the increased EV secretion rate is unknown. We found that the EV marker secretion rate in our EV reporter cell line CD9truc-EGFP was unaffected by the HIF-1α stabilizer roxadustat; yet, ETC stimulation by dichloroacetic acid (DCA) significantly increased EV secretion. The DCA-induced EV secretion was blocked by the antioxidant TEMPO and rotenone, an inhibitor of the ETC's Complex I. Under hypoxic conditions, the limited oxygen reduction impedes the ETC's Complex III. To mimic this, we inhibited Complex III with antimycin A, which increased ROS-dependent EV secretion. The electron transport between Complex I and III is accomplished by coenzyme Q created by the mevalonate pathway and tyrosine metabolites. Blocking an early step in the mevalonate pathway using pitavastatin augmented the DCA-induced EV secretion, and 4-nitrobenzoate-an inhibitor of the condensation of the mevalonate pathway with tyrosine metabolites-increased ROS-dependent EV secretion. Our findings indicate that hypoxia-mimetics targeting the ETC modify EV secretion and that ROS produced by the ETC is a potent stimulus for EV secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Ø. Nørgård
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Philip M. Lund
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of BiopharmaceuticalsTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Nazmie Kalisi
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Thomas L. Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of BiopharmaceuticalsTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Jannik B. Larsen
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of BiopharmaceuticalsTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Stefan Vogel
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Per Svenningsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
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Han Z, Liu Q, Li H, Zhang M, You L, Lin Y, Wang K, Gou Q, Wang Z, Zhou S, Cai Y, Yuan L, Chen H. The role of monocytes in thrombotic diseases: a review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1113827. [PMID: 37332592 PMCID: PMC10272466 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1113827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the number one killer threatening people's life and health, among which cardiovascular thrombotic events are the most common. As the cause of particularly serious cardiovascular events, thrombosis can trigger fatal crises such as acute coronary syndrome (myocardial infarction and unstable angina), cerebral infarction and so on. Circulating monocytes are an important part of innate immunity. Their main physiological functions are phagocytosis, removal of injured and senescent cells and their debris, and development into macrophages and dendritic cells. At the same time, they also participate in the pathophysiological processes of pro-coagulation and anticoagulation. According to recent studies, monocytes have been found to play a significant role in thrombosis and thrombotic diseases of the immune system. In this manuscript, we review the relationship between monocyte subsets and cardiovascular thrombotic events and analyze the role of monocytes in arterial thrombosis and their involvement in intravenous thrombolysis. Finally, we summarize the mechanism and therapeutic regimen of monocyte and thrombosis in hypertension, antiphospholipid syndrome, atherosclerosis, rheumatic heart disease, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiqi Zhang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Luling You
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Lin
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaoyin Gou
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanzhan Wang
- Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shuwei Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - YiJin Cai
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Yuan
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- Science and Education Department, Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, China
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da Silveira WC, Ramos LEF, Silva RT, de Paiva BBM, Pereira PD, Schwarzbold AV, Garbini AF, Barreira BSM, de Castro BM, Ramos CM, Gomes CD, Cimini CCR, Pereira EC, Roesch EW, Kroger EMS, Aranha FFMG, Anschau F, Botoni FA, Aranha FG, Crestani GP, Vietta GG, Bastos GAN, Costa JHSM, da Fonseca JRCS, Ruschel KB, de Oliveira LS, Pinheiro LS, Pacheco LS, Segala LB, Couto LSF, Kopittke L, Floriani MA, Silva MM, Carneiro M, Ferreira MAP, Martins MAP, de Faria MNZ, Nogueira MCA, Guimarães Júnior MH, Sampaio NDCS, de Oliveira NR, Pertile NDM, Andrade PGS, Assaf PL, Valacio RA, Menezes RM, Francisco SC, Guimarães SMM, Araújo SF, Rezende SM, Pereira SA, Kurtz T, Fereguetti TO, Polanczyk CA, Pires MC, Gonçalves MA, Marcolino MS. Predictors of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients: results of the COVID-19 Brazilian Registry. Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:1863-1878. [PMID: 35648280 PMCID: PMC9156830 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-03002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies that assessed risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19 patients have shown inconsistent results. Our aim was to investigate VTE predictors by both logistic regression (LR) and machine learning (ML) approaches, due to their potential complementarity. This cohort study of a large Brazilian COVID-19 Registry included 4120 COVID-19 adult patients from 16 hospitals. Symptomatic VTE was confirmed by objective imaging. LR analysis, tree-based boosting, and bagging were used to investigate the association of variables upon hospital presentation with VTE. Among 4,120 patients (55.5% men, 39.3% critical patients), VTE was confirmed in 6.7%. In multivariate LR analysis, obesity (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.11-2.02); being an ex-smoker (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.03-2.01); surgery ≤ 90 days (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.14-4.23); axillary temperature (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.22-1.63); D-dimer ≥ 4 times above the upper limit of reference value (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.26-3.67), lactate (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19), C-reactive protein levels (CRP, OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.18); and neutrophil count (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.005-1.075) were independent predictors of VTE. Atrial fibrillation, peripheral oxygen saturation/inspired oxygen fraction (SF) ratio and prophylactic use of anticoagulants were protective. Temperature at admission, SF ratio, neutrophil count, D-dimer, CRP and lactate levels were also identified as predictors by ML methods. By using ML and LR analyses, we showed that D-dimer, axillary temperature, neutrophil count, CRP and lactate levels are risk factors for VTE in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warley Cezar da Silveira
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena, 110, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 30130-100 Brazil
| | - Lucas Emanuel Ferreira Ramos
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Tavares Silva
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruno Barbosa Miranda de Paiva
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Polianna Delfino Pereira
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Institute for Health Technology Assessment (IATS/ CNPq), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2359, Prédio 21 | Sala 507, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vargas Schwarzbold
- grid.488599.10000 0004 0481 6891Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, prédio 22, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Andresa Fontoura Garbini
- grid.414914.dHospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição and Hospital Cristo Redentor, Av. Francisco Trein, 326, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Mateus de Castro
- grid.414449.80000 0001 0125 3761Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Danubia Gomes
- grid.414871.f0000 0004 0491 7596Hospital Mãe de Deus, Rua José de Alencar, 286, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Christiane Corrêa Rodrigues Cimini
- grid.411287.90000 0004 0643 9823Mucuri Medical School – FAMMUC, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri – UFVJM, Rua Cruzeiro, 01, Teófilo Otoni, Brazil
- Hospital Santa Rosalia, Rua do Cruzeiro, 01, Teófilo Otoni, Brazil
| | | | - Eliane Würdig Roesch
- grid.414449.80000 0001 0125 3761Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Anschau
- grid.414914.dHospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição and Hospital Cristo Redentor, Av. Francisco Trein, 326, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriela Petry Crestani
- grid.414871.f0000 0004 0491 7596Hospital Mãe de Deus, Rua José de Alencar, 286, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Alsina Nader Bastos
- grid.414856.a0000 0004 0398 2134Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 910, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karen Brasil Ruschel
- Institute for Health Technology Assessment (IATS/ CNPq), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2359, Prédio 21 | Sala 507, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- grid.414871.f0000 0004 0491 7596Hospital Mãe de Deus, Rua José de Alencar, 286, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Liliane Souto Pacheco
- grid.488599.10000 0004 0481 6891Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, prédio 22, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luciana Borges Segala
- grid.488599.10000 0004 0481 6891Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, prédio 22, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luciana Siuves Ferreira Couto
- grid.411213.40000 0004 0488 4317Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Rua Diogo de Vasconcelos, 122, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Luciane Kopittke
- grid.414914.dHospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição and Hospital Cristo Redentor, Av. Francisco Trein, 326, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maiara Anschau Floriani
- grid.414856.a0000 0004 0398 2134Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 910, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Majlla Magalhães Silva
- grid.414856.a0000 0004 0398 2134Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 910, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Carneiro
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Rua Fernando Abott, 174, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Angélica Pires Ferreira
- grid.414449.80000 0001 0125 3761Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Matheus Carvalho Alves Nogueira
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Hospitais da Rede Mater Dei, Av. do Contorno, 9000, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Neimy Ramos de Oliveira
- grid.452464.50000 0000 9270 1314Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Rua Dr. Cristiano Rezende, 2213, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nicole de Moraes Pertile
- grid.414856.a0000 0004 0398 2134Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 910, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Ledic Assaf
- Hospital Metropolitano Doutor Célio de Castro, Rua Dona Luiza, 311, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Suely Meireles Rezende
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Susany Anastácia Pereira
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Kurtz
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Rua Fernando Abott, 174, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Oliveira Fereguetti
- grid.452464.50000 0000 9270 1314Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Rua Dr. Cristiano Rezende, 2213, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carísi Anne Polanczyk
- Institute for Health Technology Assessment (IATS/ CNPq), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2359, Prédio 21 | Sala 507, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Magda Carvalho Pires
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcos André Gonçalves
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Institute for Health Technology Assessment (IATS/ CNPq), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2359, Prédio 21 | Sala 507, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Milena Soriano Marcolino
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Institute for Health Technology Assessment (IATS/ CNPq), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2359, Prédio 21 | Sala 507, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Telehealth Center, University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena, 110, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Lin H, Chen X, Pan J, Ke J, Zhang A, Liu Y, Wang C, Chang ACY, Gu J. Secretion of miRNA-326-3p by senescent adipose exacerbates myocardial metabolism in diabetic mice. Lab Invest 2022; 20:278. [PMID: 35729559 PMCID: PMC9210699 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue homeostasis is at the heart of many metabolic syndromes such as diabetes. Previously it has been demonstrated that adipose tissues from diabetic patients are senescent but whether this contributes to diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains to be elucidated. Methods The streptozotocin (STZ) type 1 diabetic mice were established as animal model, and adult mouse ventricular myocytes (AMVMs) isolated by langendorff perfusion as well as neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes (NMVMs) were used as cell models. Senescent associated β galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining and RT-qPCR were used to identify the presence of adipose senescence in diabetic adipose tissue. Senescent adipose were removed either by surgery or by senolytic treatment. Large extracellular vesicles (LEVs) derived from adipose tissue and circulation were separated by ultracentrifugation. Cardiac systolic and diastolic function was evaluated through cardiac ultrasound. Cardiomyocytes contraction function was evaluated by the Ionoptix HTS system and live cell imaging, mitochondrial morphology and functions were evaluated by transmission electron microscope, live cell fluorescent probe and seahorse analysis. RNA-seq for AMVMs and miRNA-seq for LEVs were performed, and bioinformatic analysis combined with RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to elucidate underlying mechanism that senescent adipose derives LEVs exacerbates myocardial metabolism. Results SA-β-gal staining and RT-qPCR identified the presence of adipose tissue senescence in STZ mice. Through surgical as well as pharmacological means we show that senescent adipose tissue participates in the pathogenesis of DCM in STZ mice by exacerbates myocardial metabolism through secretion of LEVs. Specifically, expression of miRNA-326-3p was up-regulated in LEVs isolated from senescent adipose tissue, circulation, and cardiomyocytes of STZ mice. Up-regulation of miRNA-326-3p coincided with myocardial transcriptomic changes in metabolism. Functionally, we demonstrate that miRNA-326-3p inhibited the expression of Rictor and resulted in impaired mitochondrial and contractile function in cardiomyocytes. Conclusion We demonstrate for the first time that senescent adipose derived LEVs exacerbates myocardial metabolism through up-regulated miRNA-326-3p which inhibits Rictor in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, reducing senescence burden in adipose tissue is capable of relieving myocardial metabolism disorder in diabetes mellitus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03484-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianan Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahan Ke
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Alian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Alex Chia Yu Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Malnutrition and Biomarkers: A Journey through Extracellular Vesicles. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051002. [PMID: 35267977 PMCID: PMC8912428 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as active components in cellular communication, which are easily altered both morphologically and chemically by the cellular environment and metabolic state of the body. Due to this sensitivity to the conditions of the cellular microenvironment, EVs have been found to be associated with disease conditions, including those associated with obesity and undernutrition. The sensitivity that EVs show to changes in the cellular microenvironment could be a reflection of early cellular alterations related to conditions of malnutrition, which could eventually be used in the routine monitoring and control of diseases or complications associated with it. However, little is known about the influence of malnutrition alone; that is, without the influence of additional diseases on the heterogeneity and specific content of EVs. To date, studies in “apparently healthy” obese patients show that there are changes in the size, quantity, and content of EVs, as well as correlations with some metabolic parameters (glucose, insulin, and serum lipids) in comparison with non-obese individuals. In light of these changes, a direct participation of EVs in the development of metabolic and cardiovascular complications in obese subjects is thought to exist. However, the mechanisms through which this process might occur are not yet fully understood. The evidence on EVs in conditions of undernutrition is limited, but it suggests that EVs play a role in the maintenance of homeostasis and muscle repair. A better understanding of how EVs participate in or promote cellular signaling in malnutrition conditions could help in the development of new strategies to treat them and their comorbidities.
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Sun XD, Han L, Lan HT, Qin RR, Song M, Zhang W, Zhong M, Wang ZH. Endothelial microparticle-associated protein disulfide isomerase increases platelet activation in diabetic coronary heart disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18718-18739. [PMID: 34285139 PMCID: PMC8351716 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) carrying the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) might play a key role in promoting platelet activation in diabetes. This study aimed to examine the activation of platelets, the amounts of MPs, PMPs, and EMPs, and the concentration and activity of PDI in patients with diabetic coronary heart disease (CHD) and non-diabetic CHD. Methods: Patients with CHD (n=223) were divided as non-diabetic CHD (n=121) and diabetic CHD (n=102). Platelet activation biomarkers, circulating microparticles (MPs), the concentration of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and MP-PDI activity were determined. The effect of EMPs on platelet activation was investigated in vitro. Allosteric GIIb/IIIa receptors that bind to PDI were detected by a proximity ligation assay (PLA). Results: Platelet activation, platelet-leukocyte aggregates, circulating MPs, EMPs, PDI, and MP-PDI activity in the diabetic CHD group were significantly higher than in the non-diabetic CHD group (P<0.05). Diabetes (P=0.006) and heart rate <60 bpm (P=0.047) were associated with elevated EMPs. EMPs from diabetes increased CD62p on the surface of the platelets compared with the controls (P<0.01), which could be inhibited by the PDI inhibitor RL90 (P<0.05). PLA detected the allosteric GIIb/IIIa receptors caused by EMP-PDI, which was also inhibited by RL90. Conclusions: In diabetic patients with CHD, platelet activation was significantly high. Diabetes and heart rate <60 bpm were associated with elevated EMPs and simultaneously increased PDI activity on EMP, activating platelets through the allosteric GPIIb/IIIa receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Di Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of General Practice, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Tao Lan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ran-Ran Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Song
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
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8
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Huang C, Neupane YR, Lim XC, Shekhani R, Czarny B, Wacker MG, Pastorin G, Wang JW. Extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular disease. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 103:47-95. [PMID: 34229852 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a group of heterogeneous nanosized cell-derived vesicles, have attracted great interest as liquid biopsy material for biomarker discovery in a variety of diseases including cardiovascular disease. Because EVs inherit bioactive components from parent cells and are able to transfer their contents to recipient cells, EVs hold great promise as potential cell-free therapeutics and drug delivery systems. However, the development of EV-based diagnostics, therapeutics or drug delivery systems has been challenging due to the heterogenicity of EVs in biogenesis, size and cellular origin, the lack of standardized isolation and purification methods as well as the low production yield. In this review, we will provide an overview of the recent advances in EV-based biomarker discovery, highlight the potential usefulness of EVs and EV mimetics for therapeutic treatment and drug delivery in cardiovascular disease. In view of the fast development in this field, we will also discuss the challenges of current methodologies for isolation, purification and fabrication of EVs and potential alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Huang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yub Raj Neupane
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiong Chang Lim
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rawan Shekhani
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bertrand Czarny
- School of Materials, Science and Engineering, and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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9
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Noulsri E. Effects of Cell-Derived Microparticles on Immune Cells and Potential Implications in Clinical Medicine. Lab Med 2020; 52:122-135. [PMID: 32816040 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, interest has increased in cell-derived microparticles (MPs), which are defined by their size of from 0.1 to 1 μm, and can be derived from various cell types, including endothelial cells, leukocytes, red blood cells (RBCs), and platelets. These MPs carry negatively charged phosphatidylserine (PS) on their surfaces and proteins packaged from numerous cellular components. MPs that have been shed by the body can play important roles in the pathophysiology of diseases and can affect various biological systems. Among these systems, the immune components have been shown to be modulated by MPs. Therefore, understanding the roles of MPs in the immune system is crucial to developing alternative therapeutic treatments for diseases. This review describes the effects of MPs on various immune cells and provides plausible potential applications of the immune-modulating properties of MPs in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egarit Noulsri
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Ekici A, Ekici M, İleri Ş, Çimen AB, Aslan H. Pulmonary embolism in obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2020; 14:1099-1104. [PMID: 32745286 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome occurs with alveolar hypoventilation during sleeping and daytime. Obesity may be a risk factor for venous thromboembolism. However, the venous thromboembolism in the obesity-hypoventilation syndrome is not well characterized. OBJECTIVE This case series aimed to investigate the presence and clinical features of venous thromboembolism in patients with the obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. METHODS Data of eight case reports were collected. Ages ranged from 36 to 73 years. RESULTS All patients had mosaic perfusion and enlarged main pulmonary artery, two had signs of infarction and mostly segmental and subsegmental filling defects. On the basis of this information some conclusions can be drawn carefully. CONCLUSION Present cases indicate that pulmonary embolism are also very common in patients with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome, anticoagulant therapy is at least as important as the treatment of the current disease. Clinicians will frequently be faced with patients with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome suspected of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydanur Ekici
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ekici
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Şule İleri
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Asiye Büşra Çimen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Habibe Aslan
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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11
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Inal J. COVID-19 comorbidities, associated procoagulant extracellular vesicles and venous thromboembolisms: a possible link with ethnicity? Br J Haematol 2020; 190:e218-e220. [PMID: 32645205 PMCID: PMC7361776 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Inal
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK.,School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
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12
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Oggero S, Austin-Williams S, Norling LV. The Contrasting Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Inflammation and Tissue Repair. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1479. [PMID: 31920664 PMCID: PMC6928593 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous family of vesicles, generated from different subcellular compartments and released into the extracellular space. Composed of a lipid bilayer encompassing both soluble cytosolic material and nuclear components, these organelles have been recently described as novel regulators of intercellular communication between adjacent and remote cells. Due to their diversified composition and biological content, they portray specific signatures of cellular activation and pathological processes, their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers has raised significant interest in cardiovascular diseases. Circulating vesicles, especially those released from platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells are found to play a critical role in activating several fundamental cells within the vasculature, including endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Their intrinsic activity and immunomodulatory properties lends them to not only promote vascular inflammation, but also enhance tissue regeneration, vascular repair, and indeed resolution. In this review we aim to recapitulate the recent findings concerning the roles played by EVs that originate from different circulating cells, with particular reference to their action on the endothelium. We focus herein, on the interaction of platelet and leukocyte EVs with the endothelium. In addition, their potential biological function in promoting tissue resolution and vascular repair will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Oggero
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shani Austin-Williams
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Victoria Norling
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Tripodi A, Primignani M, Badiali S, de Ruberto F, Granelli P, Tosetti G, Clerici M, Padovan L, Chantarangkul V, Scalambrino E, Peyvandi F. Body mass index reduction improves the baseline procoagulant imbalance of obese subjects. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2019; 48:52-60. [PMID: 30701462 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-019-01818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The latter being dependent (at least in part) on plasma procoagulant imbalance (i.e., hypercoagulability). Information on hypercoagulability associated with obesity is scanty and mainly based on global traditional coagulation tests or on the measurement of individual components of coagulation (i.e., pro- and anticoagulants). Plasma from 33 obese subjects was investigated soon before endoscopic balloon placement and after removal (6 months later) by thrombin-generation procedures that are thought to represent much better than any other in vitro test the coagulation process occurring in vivo. We found that obese subjects possess a state of hypercoagulability as demonstrated by the modification of the main parameters of thrombin-generation. In particular, the median value (min-max) of the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) of obese subjects at baseline was higher than that of controls [1968 (1335-2533) vs. 1710 (1010-2119), p < 0.001]. Endoscopic balloon placement achieved a BMI reduction from 38.9 (31.7-62.3) to 31.6 (21.9-53.3), p < 0.001 and a parallel reduction of thrombin-generation as demonstrated by the following findings. The ETP measured soon after balloon removal was significantly smaller than that measured at baseline [1783 (1224-2642) vs. 1968 (1335-2533), p < 0.01]. The other parameters of thrombin-generation, including lag-time, peak-thrombin, time-to-reach the peak and velocity index showed a pattern consistent with the ETP, both at baseline and soon after balloon removal. Endoscopic balloon placement achieves concomitant reduction of BMI and thrombin-generation in subjects with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Tripodi
- IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Hospital Foundation, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and Fondazione Luigi villa, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milano, Italy.
| | - Massimo Primignani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Hospital Foundation Milano, A.M. and A. Migliavacca Center for Liver Disease, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Badiali
- Divisione di Chirurgia Generale, IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Hospital Foundation Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fausto de Ruberto
- Divisione di Chirurgia Generale, IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Hospital Foundation Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Granelli
- Divisione di Chirurgia Generale, IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Hospital Foundation Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Tosetti
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Hospital Foundation Milano, A.M. and A. Migliavacca Center for Liver Disease, Milano, Italy
| | - Marigrazia Clerici
- IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Hospital Foundation, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and Fondazione Luigi villa, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Lidia Padovan
- IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Hospital Foundation, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and Fondazione Luigi villa, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Veena Chantarangkul
- IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Hospital Foundation, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and Fondazione Luigi villa, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Erica Scalambrino
- IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Hospital Foundation, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and Fondazione Luigi villa, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Flora Peyvandi
- IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Hospital Foundation, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and Fondazione Luigi villa, Via Pace 9, 20122, Milano, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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14
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Movahed MR, Khoubyari R, Hashemzadeh M, Hashemzadeh M. Obesity is strongly and independently associated with a higher prevalence of pulmonary embolism. Respir Investig 2019; 57:376-379. [PMID: 30770232 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with many cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the independent association between obesity and pulmonary embolism. METHODS We used the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Codes for obesity and pulmonary embolism from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. We randomly selected the 1992 and 2002 databases, which are 10 years apart, as the two independent population samples. We performed uni- and multivariate analyses to evaluate any association between obesity and pulmonary embolism. RESULTS The 1992 database consisted of a total of 6,195,744 patients. Obesity was present in 93,568 patients. Pulmonary embolism occurred in 0.7% of obese patients vs. 0.3% of the control population (odds ratio [OR], 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2-2.4; p<0.0001). The 2002 database consisted of a total of 299,010 obese patients. Pulmonary embolism occurred in 0.9% of obese patients vs. 0.4% of the control population (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 2.19-2.41; p<0.0001). After adjusting for age and many risk factors, obesity remained strongly associated with pulmonary embolism (for 1992, OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 2.0-2.3; p<0.0001 and for 2002, OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 2.1-2.3; p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Obesity has been consistently associated with pulmonary embolism over the years studied using a large inpatient database. This association has been persistent over a period of 10 years and is consistent with the negative effects of obesity on the cardiopulmonary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Movahed
- CareMore HealthCare Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona, School of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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15
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Zahran AM, Sayed SK, Abd El Hafeez HA, Khalifa WA, Mohamed NA, Hetta HF. Circulating microparticle subpopulation in metabolic syndrome: relation to oxidative stress and coagulation markers. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:485-493. [PMID: 31043798 PMCID: PMC6469468 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s191750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating microparticles (MPs) contribute to the pathogenesis of atherothrombotic disorders and are raised in cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of moderate metabolic abnormalities in an early stage of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the level of MP subpopulations and to study relationships between MP subpopulations and both oxidative stress and coagulation markers. METHODS Flow cytometry used to evaluate circulating MPs subpopulations in 40 patients with an early stage MetS and 30 healthy controls. ELISA was used to quantify plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1/tissue plasminogen activator (PAI-1/TPA) while plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was measured spectrophotometrically. RESULTS Total MPs were significantly elevated in MetS (P<0.001). Glutathione peroxidase and PAI1/TPA activity was significantly increased in subjects with MetS (P<0.001). Waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol positively influenced levels of total MPs, platelet-derived microparticles, and endothelium-derived microparticles. Fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein positively influenced the coagulation factors (TPA, PAI1). However, high-density lipoprotein negatively influenced platelet-derived MPs and factors associated with fibrinolysis (TPA, PAI1). CONCLUSION Elevated circulating MPs are associated with MetS abnormalities, oxidative stress and coagulation factors and may act as early predictor of metabolic syndrome with risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sohair K Sayed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Heba A Abd El Hafeez
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Khalifa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nahed A Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt,
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA,
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16
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Dickhout A, Koenen RR. Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease; Chances and Risks. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:113. [PMID: 30186839 PMCID: PMC6113364 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of extracellular vesicles (EV) is rapidly expanding, also within cardiovascular diseases. Besides their exciting roles in cell-to-cell communication, EV have the potential to serve as excellent biomarkers, since their counts, content, and origin might provide useful information about the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders. Various studies have already indicated associations of EV counts and content with cardiovascular diseases. However, EV research is complicated by several factors, most notably the small size of EV. In this review, the advantages and drawbacks of EV-related methods and applications as biomarkers are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemiek Dickhout
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rory R Koenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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17
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Badimon L, Suades R, Arderiu G, Peña E, Chiva-Blanch G, Padró T. Microvesicles in Atherosclerosis and Angiogenesis: From Bench to Bedside and Reverse. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:77. [PMID: 29326946 PMCID: PMC5741657 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AT) is a progressive chronic disease involving lipid accumulation, fibrosis, and inflammation in medium and large-sized arteries, and it is the main cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). AT is caused by dyslipidemia and mediated by both innate and adaptive immune responses. Despite lipid-lowering drugs have shown to decrease the risk of cardiovascular events (CVEs), there is a significant burden of AT-related morbidity and mortality. Identification of subjects at increased risk for CVE as well as discovery of novel therapeutic targets for improved treatment strategies are still unmet clinical needs in CVD. Microvesicles (MVs), small extracellular plasma membrane particles shed by activated and apoptotic cells have been widely linked to the development of CVD. MVs from vascular and resident cells by facilitating exchange of biological information between neighboring cells serve as cellular effectors in the bloodstream and play a key role in all stages of disease progression. This article reviews the current knowledge on the role of MVs in AT and CVD. Attention is focused on novel aspects of MV-mediated regulatory mechanisms from endothelial dysfunction, vascular wall inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis to coagulation and thrombosis in the progression and development of atherothrombosis. MV contribution to vascular remodeling is also discussed, with a particular emphasis on the effect of MVs on the crosstalk between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and their role regulating the active process of AT-driven angiogenesis and neovascularization. This review also highlights the latest findings and main challenges on the potential prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic value of cell-derived MVs in CVD. In summary, MVs have emerged as new regulators of biological functions in atherothrombosis and might be instrumental in cardiovascular precision medicine; however, significant efforts are still needed to translate into clinics the latest findings on MV regulation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Suades
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Arderiu
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Peña
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Nagy B, Fulop T, Varga Z, Karányi Z, Magyar M, Oláh L, Papp M, Facskó A, Kappelmayer J, Paragh G, Káplar M, Csongrádi É. Increased levels of platelet activation markers are positively associated with carotid wall thickness and other atherosclerotic risk factors in obese patients. Thromb Haemost 2017; 106:683-92. [DOI: 10.1160/th11-01-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SummaryThe role of platelets in the development of atherosclerosis and obesity-related prothrombotic state is still under investigation. In this cross-sectional cohort study, we measured the levels of different platelet activation markers and evaluated their relationship with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) along with other atherosclerotic risk factors in obese patients with or without atherosclerotic co-morbidities. We enrolled 154 obese patients, including 98 with either hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus or dyslipidaemia, 56 without these co-morbidities and 62 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Platelet P-selectin expression and the number of platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) were measured by flow cytometry; soluble P-selectin levels were analysed by ELISA and Thr715Pro P-selectin polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP. Carotid IMT was examined by ultrasonography. The levels of platelet activation parameters were significantly elevated in all obese subjects with increased carotid IMT compared to healthy controls. There was no effect of Thr715Pro genotype on soluble P-selectin levels in obese individuals contrary to normal subjects. Significant and positive association was revealed between carotid IMT and platelet P-selectin (p<0.0001), soluble P-selectin (p=0.039) and PMP (p=0.0001) levels. After adjusting for multiple variables, independent association was found between soluble P-selectin and fibrinogen (p=0.007), PMP levels and body mass index (p<0.0001) as well as platelet P-selectin and carotid IMT (p=0.012) plus plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (p=0.009). In conclusion, P-selectin and PMP levels showed positive associations with abnormal carotid IMT and other risk factors in obesity suggesting a critical role of enhanced platelet reactivity in atherosclerotic wall alteration.
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Radu CM, Spiezia L, Gavasso S, Fadin M, Woodhams B, Vettor R, Campello E, Zabeo E, Simioni P. Hypercoagulability in overweight and obese subjects who are asymptomatic for thrombotic events. Thromb Haemost 2017; 113:85-96. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-02-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe role of circulating microparticles (MP) of different origin and tissue factor (TF)-bearing in overweight and obese patients with and without metabolic syndrome is still a matter of debate. In a case-control study, the presence of hypercoagulability was evaluated in overweight and obese patients by measuring MP, thrombin generation (TG) and FVIIa-AT complexes. Twenty overweight patients (body mass index [BMI] range 25–29.9 kg/m2), 20 with I degree (30–34.9 kg/m2), 20 with II degree (35–39.9 kg/m2) and 20 with III degree obesity (≥ 40 kg/m2) were enrolled and compared to 40 age and gender-matched normal weight individuals. A significant increase in median levels of all MP subtypes was observed in the three degrees of obese patients compared to controls. Overweight patients had higher levels of annexin V-MP (AMP), endothelial-derived, leukocyte-derived and TF-bearing MP than controls. Obese patients had a significantly shorter median lag time (p< 0.05), higher median peak thrombin (p< 0.01) and increased median endogenous thrombin potential [ETP] (p< 0.001) compared to controls. Overweight subjects had significantly increased ETP compared to controls (p< 0.05). Both AMP levels and ETP were found to positively correlate with BMI, waist circumference, and inflammatory parameters. No significant increase in FVIIa-AT complex was seen in cases compared to controls. We conclude that obesity is associated with overproduction of procoagulant MP and increase TG. Interestingly, hypercoagulability is found in overweight patients free of metabolic syndrome and increases with the severity of obesity. Assessment of MP and TG may be helpful in the early characterisation of the prothrombotic state in obese patients.
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20
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Enjeti AK, Ariyarajah A, D'Crus A, Seldon M, Lincz LF. Circulating microvesicle number, function and small RNA content vary with age, gender, smoking status, lipid and hormone profiles. Thromb Res 2017; 156:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is a well-recognised risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). This article summarises the current understanding of obesity and debates how obesity induces this increased risk of VTE. Obesity is associated with prothrombotic changes which have been well-characterised and include increased levels of plasminogen activator-1, von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen and evidence of increased coagulation and platelet activation; however, these changes do not seem to account for all the increased risk. Accumulating evidence suggests a significant role for increased tissue factor expression and signalling in this relationship, with increased tissue factor expression present in adipose and possibly systemic tissues, induced by adipose generated cytokines. Lastly, there is a strong suggestion that decreased venous flow due to venous enlargement may play the major role in increased VTE risk with obesity.
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22
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Bonzini M, Pergoli L, Cantone L, Hoxha M, Spinazzè A, Del Buono L, Favero C, Carugno M, Angelici L, Broggi L, Cattaneo A, Pesatori AC, Bollati V. Short-term particulate matter exposure induces extracellular vesicle release in overweight subjects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 155:228-234. [PMID: 28231550 PMCID: PMC5380126 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a plausible molecular mechanism linking particulate matter (PM) inhalation to its systemic effects. Microvesicles (MVs) are released from many cell types in response to various stimuli. Increased body mass index (BMI) could modify the response to PM exposure due to enhanced PM uptake and/or an underlying pro-oxidative state. We investigated the relationship between EV release and PM10/PM2.5 exposure in a cohort of 51 volunteers. Subjects were stratified based on their BMI to evaluate whether overweight BMI is a determinant of hypersusceptibility to PM effects. RESULTS Exposure to PM10/PM2.5 was assessed with a personal sampler worn for 24hours before plasma collection and confirmed with monitoring station data. Size and cellular origin of plasma EVs were characterized by Nanosight analysis and flow cytometry, respectively. Multivariate regression models were run after log-transformation, stratifying subjects based on BMI (≥ or <25kg/m2). PM exposure resulted in increased release of EVs, with the maximum observed effect for endothelial MVs. For PM10 and PM2.5, the adjusted geometric mean ratio and 95% confidence interval were 3.47 (1.30, 9.27) and 3.14 (1.23, 8.02), respectively. Compared to those in normal subjects, PM-induced EV alterations in overweight subjects were more pronounced, with visibly effect in all MV subtypes, particularly endothelial MVs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the role of EV release after PM exposure and the susceptibility of overweight subjects. Larger studies with accurate exposure assessment and complete EVs characterization/content analysis, could further clarify the molecular mechanism responsible for PM effects and of hypersusceptibility of overweight subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bonzini
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Pergoli
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cantone
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirjam Hoxha
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Spinazzè
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Luca Del Buono
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Chiara Favero
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Carugno
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Angelici
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Broggi
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Angela C Pesatori
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Durcin M, Fleury A, Taillebois E, Hilairet G, Krupova Z, Henry C, Truchet S, Trötzmüller M, Köfeler H, Mabilleau G, Hue O, Andriantsitohaina R, Martin P, Le Lay S. Characterisation of adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicle subtypes identifies distinct protein and lipid signatures for large and small extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1305677. [PMID: 28473884 PMCID: PMC5405565 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1305677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biological vectors that can modulate the metabolism of target cells by conveying signalling proteins and genomic material. The level of EVs in plasma is significantly increased in cardiometabolic diseases associated with obesity, suggesting their possible participation in the development of metabolic dysfunction. With regard to the poor definition of adipocyte-derived EVs, the purpose of this study was to characterise both qualitatively and quantitatively EVs subpopulations secreted by fat cells. Adipocyte-derived EVs were isolated by differential centrifugation of conditioned media collected from 3T3-L1 adipocytes cultured for 24 h in serum-free conditions. Based on morphological and biochemical properties, as well as quantification of secreted EVs, we distinguished two subpopulations of adipocyte-derived EVs, namely small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and large extracellular vesicles (lEVs). Proteomic analyses revealed that lEVs and sEVs exhibit specific protein signatures, allowing us not only to define novel markers of each population, but also to predict their biological functions. Despite similar phospholipid patterns, the comparative lipidomic analysis performed on these EV subclasses revealed a specific cholesterol enrichment of the sEV population, whereas lEVs were characterised by high amounts of externalised phosphatidylserine. Enhanced secretion of lEVs and sEVs is achievable following exposure to different biological stimuli related to the chronic low-grade inflammation state associated with obesity. Finally, we demonstrate the ability of primary murine adipocytes to secrete sEVs and lEVs, which display physical and biological characteristics similar to those described for 3T3-L1. Our study provides additional information and elements to define EV subtypes based on the characterisation of adipocyte-derived EV populations. It also underscores the need to distinguish EV subpopulations, through a combination of multiple approaches and markers, since their specific composition may cause distinct metabolic responses in recipient cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Durcin
- INSERM U1063, Oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies, Angers University, Pointe à Pitre, France.,Adaptation to Tropical Climate and Exercise Laboratory, EA3596, University of the French West Indies, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Audrey Fleury
- INSERM U1063, Oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies, Angers University, Pointe à Pitre, France
| | - Emiliane Taillebois
- INSERM U1063, Oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies, Angers University, Pointe à Pitre, France
| | - Grégory Hilairet
- INSERM U1063, Oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies, Angers University, Pointe à Pitre, France
| | - Zuzana Krupova
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,EXCILONE, Elancourt, France
| | - Céline Henry
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, PAPPSO, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sandrine Truchet
- Adaptation to Tropical Climate and Exercise Laboratory, EA3596, University of the French West Indies, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Martin Trötzmüller
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Omics Center Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Köfeler
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Omics Center Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Olivier Hue
- Adaptation to Tropical Climate and Exercise Laboratory, EA3596, University of the French West Indies, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | | | - Patrice Martin
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Soazig Le Lay
- INSERM U1063, Oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies, Angers University, Pointe à Pitre, France
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Microparticles derived from obese adipose tissue elicit a pro-inflammatory phenotype of CD16 + , CCR5 + and TLR8 + monocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:139-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Ferreira JRD, Aleluia MM, Figueiredo CVB, Vieira LCDL, Santiago RP, da Guarda CC, Barbosa CG, Oliveira RR, Adorno EV, Gonçalves MDS. Evaluation of Cardiometabolic Parameters among Obese Women Using Oral Contraceptives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:256. [PMID: 29033897 PMCID: PMC5626867 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined oral contraceptive (COC) use has been associated with an unfavorable impact on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diverse populations of normal weight and obese women. The present study aimed to evaluate the cardiometabolic and inflammatory profiles of women in northeastern Brazil with respect to COC use and obesity. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study to verify cardiovascular parameters, including blood pressure (BP), fasting serum glucose, lipid, and inflammatory profile, in a population of women aged 15-45 years, considering obesity and COC use. Our sample consisted of 591 women, 481 women who were COC users, and 110 age-matched women who were COC non-users, classified as obese and non-obese according to BMI. RESULTS COC use and obesity were associated with increased systolic (p ≤ 0.001) and diastolic BP (p = 0.001), blood glucose (p ≤ 0.001), total cholesterol (p = 0.008), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p ≤ 0.001), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p ≤ 0.001), triglycerides (p ≤ 0.001), ferritin (p = 0.006), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p ≤ 0.001), and nitric oxide metabolites (p ≤ 0.001), as well as decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (p ≤ 0.001) in comparison to controls. CRP and HDL-c levels in obese COC users were determined to be outside reference range values. The odds of having lower levels of HDL-c and elevated CRP increased among obese COC users. COC use was independently associated with low levels of HDL-c, especially second-generation progestins (p < 0.001; OR = 8.976; 95% CI 2.786-28.914). CONCLUSION Obesity and COC use were associated with alterations in lipid and inflammatory cardiometabolic parameters, particularly increased CRP levels and decreased HDL-c, which are considered markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Given the need to prevent unintended pregnancy among obese women, together with weight loss counseling, it is important to evaluate the most effective and safest contraceptive methods to avoid the potential risk of developing CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júnia Raquel Dutra Ferreira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz/FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Milena Magalhães Aleluia
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz/FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Camylla Vilas Boas Figueiredo
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz/FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Larissa Castro de Lima Vieira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cynara Gomes Barbosa
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Elisângela Vitória Adorno
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marilda de Souza Gonçalves
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz/FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marilda de Souza Gonçalves,
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26
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Campello E, Zabeo E, Radu CM, Spiezia L, Foletto M, Prevedello L, Gavasso S, Bulato C, Vettor R, Simioni P. Dynamics of circulating microparticles in obesity after weight loss. Intern Emerg Med 2016; 11:695-702. [PMID: 26837209 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-016-1397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A definitive relationship between adiposity and MP production is yet to be demonstrated. The aim of our study was to prospectively evaluate the levels of microparticles (MP) in a group of 20 III degree obese patients before and after weight loss. Plasma levels of annexin V-MP, endothelial-derived MP, platelet-derived MP (CD61+ and P-Selectin+), leukocyte-derived MP, tissue factor-bearing (TF+) and CD36+MP were prospectively measured in 20 patients with III degree obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m(2)) before (T0) and 3 (T3) and 12 (T12) months after sleeve gastrectomy (SLG). Obese patients had lost 18 % of their body weight at T3 and 41 % at T12. We find that considering all MP, except for endothelial-derived MP, which had significantly decreased at T3, all MP subtypes had significantly decreased at T12. At T12, subjects showed a higher median level of all types of MP, except endothelial-derived MP, compared to T3, but without a statistically significant difference. The percentages of reduction of all the MP were significantly correlated with the percentage of reduction of BMI. The reductions of leukocyte-derived, TF+ and CD36+MP were significantly correlated with the reduction of leptin. Moreover, the reductions of leukocyte-derived and CD36+MP were significantly correlated with hs-CRP decrease. The decrease of BMI post-SLG in morbid obesity was matched with a decrease of circulating MP of endothelial, platelet, leukocyte origin, TF+ and CD36+. A trend of slight increase in all MP subtypes, except endothelial-derived, was detected 12 months after gastrectomy, indicating a possible underlying slow low-grade inflammatory/hypercoagulability state from adipose tissue before the potential overt weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campello
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35100, Padua, Italy.
| | - Eva Zabeo
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35100, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia M Radu
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35100, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Spiezia
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35100, Padua, Italy
| | - Mirto Foletto
- Week Surgery, Bariatric Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Prevedello
- Week Surgery, Bariatric Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sabrina Gavasso
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35100, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bulato
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35100, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35100, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35100, Padua, Italy
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Ribeiro DD, Lijfering WM, Rosendaal FR, Cannegieter SC. Risk of venous thrombosis in persons with increased body mass index and interactions with other genetic and acquired risk factors. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1572-8. [PMID: 27214710 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Essentials Obesity, factor V Leiden (FVL) and blood group non-O are common. We studied the combined effect of these factors on the risk of venous thrombosis (VT). The combination of obesity, non-O blood group and FVL increased VT risk up to ten-fold. Identifying high VT may be beneficial in thrombosis prevention. SUMMARY Background Overweight/obesity has a substantial effect on the occurrence of venous thrombosis (VT). Blood group non-O has a high prevalence in Western populations, and the factor V Leiden mutation could be present in 5% of Caucasians. These frequent prothrombotic risk factors will have a considerable impact on the incidence of VT, especially when combined. Objectives We investigated whether FV Leiden with blood group non-O modifies VT risk in individuals with different body mass index (BMI) strata in a case-control study (n = 11253). Results We observed a progressively increasing risk of VT with higher BMI, with an odds ratio of 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-2.3) for those in the upper BMI tertile (BMI > 26.7 kg m(-2) ), as compared with the first BMI tertile (BMI < 23.5 kg m(-2) , blood group O, and no FV Leiden) (reference group). The addition of FV Leiden and blood group non-O to the model increased the risk in all BMI tertiles; the odds ratios were 3.8 (95% CI 3.2-4.6) in the third BMI tertile of individuals with blood group non-O, and 5.4 (95% CI 3.5-8.5) in the third BMI tertile of individuals with FV Leiden. When both FV Leiden and blood group non-O were present, the odds ratios were 9.1 (95% CI 5.9-14.0) in the first BMI tertile, 9.4 (95% CI 6.6-13.5) in the second BMI tertile, and 12.5 (95% CI 8.9-17.6) in the third BMI tertile. Conclusion Individuals with a high BMI, blood group non-O and/or FV Leiden have a high VT risk. The high VT risks in some subgroups may justify targeted screening and thromboprophylaxis decisions in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Ribeiro
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - W M Lijfering
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - S C Cannegieter
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Amiral J, Seghatchian J. Measurement of extracellular vesicles as biomarkers of consequences or cause complications of pathological states, and prognosis of both evolution and therapeutic safety/efficacy. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 55:23-34. [PMID: 27475803 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Utility of EVs, as biomarkers of cause or consequence of various pathological complications, and prognosis of blood components' therapy in terms of safety/efficacy and their potential associated hazards, primed by EVs involvements in pro-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and activations of both pro/anti-coagulatory and others associated pathways, as well as various cellular cross talks, are highlighted as the fundamental. Today EVs are becoming the "buzz" words of the current diagnosis, development and research [DDR] strategies, with the aim of ensuring safer therapeutic approaches in the current clinical practices, also incorporating their potential in long term cost effectiveness in health care systems. The main focus of this manuscript is to review the current opinions in some fundamental areas of EVs involvements in health and diseases. Firstly, our goal is highlighting what are EVs/MVs/MPs and how are they generated in physiology, pathology or blood products; classification and significance of EVs generated in vivo; followed by consequences and physiological/pathological induced effects of EVs generation in vivo. Secondly, specific cell origin EVs and association with malignancy; focus on EVs carrying TF and annexin V as a protective protein for harmful effects of EVs, and associations with LA; and incidence of anti-annexin V antibodies are also discussed. Thirdly, utility of EVs is presented: as diagnostic tools of disease markers; prognosis and follow-up of clinical states; evaluation of therapy efficacy; quality and risk assessment of blood products; followed by the laboratory tools for exploring, characterizing and measuring EVs, and/or their associated activity, using our own experiences of capture based assays. Finally, in perspective, the upcoming low volume sampling, fast, reliable and reproducibility and friendly use laboratory tools and the standardization of measurement methods are highlighted with the beneficial effects that we are witnessing in both wound healing and tissue remodeling, with an expected blockbuster status EVs as future therapeutic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Amiral
- Hyphen BioMed, Neuville sur Oise, Paris, France.
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality/Safety Improvement, Audit/Inspection and DDR Strategies, London, UK
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Dimassi S, Chahed K, Boumiza S, Canault M, Tabka Z, Laurant P, Riva C. Role of eNOS- and NOX-containing microparticles in endothelial dysfunction in patients with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1305-12. [PMID: 27130266 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the pathophysiological profile of patients who have obesity and to investigate the potential role of circulating microparticles (MPs) in endothelial dysfunction in patients who have obesity. METHODS The inflammatory and oxidative status and the cutaneous microvascular blood flow were characterized in 69 patients with android obesity and 46 subjects with normal weight (controls) by using laser Doppler flowmetry. Circulating MP levels were measured by flow cytometry, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression in MPs was investigated by Western blotting. MP effect on vascular reactivity was assessed in rat aorta rings. RESULTS Patients with obesity showed endothelial dysfunction, hyperglycemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In controls, low MP levels were positively correlated with normal microvascular function. Western blot analysis revealed reduced eNOS and increased NOX4D expression in MPs from subjects with obesity compared with controls. However, this was not correlated with endothelial dysfunction parameters and did not impair ex vivo endothelium-dependent vasodilation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MPs do not contribute directly to endothelial dysfunction associated with obesity. Conversely, eNOS- and NOX-containing MPs could be involved in the compensatory mechanism of vascular endothelial cells to counteract the pathologic mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloua Dimassi
- Avignon University, LAPEC EA4278, Avignon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Sousse University, UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie: de l'Intégré au Moléculaire, Biologie, Médecine et Santé, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Karim Chahed
- Faculty of Medicine, Sousse University, UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie: de l'Intégré au Moléculaire, Biologie, Médecine et Santé, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Boumiza
- Faculty of Medicine, Sousse University, UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie: de l'Intégré au Moléculaire, Biologie, Médecine et Santé, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Matthias Canault
- INRA, UMR 1260, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR 1062, Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Zouhair Tabka
- Faculty of Medicine, Sousse University, UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie: de l'Intégré au Moléculaire, Biologie, Médecine et Santé, Sousse, Tunisia
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Bezinover D, Iskandarani K, Chinchilli V, McQuillan P, Saner F, Kadry Z, Riley TR, Janicki PK. Autoimmune conditions are associated with perioperative thrombotic complications in liver transplant recipients: A UNOS database analysis. BMC Anesthesiol 2016; 16:26. [PMID: 27207434 PMCID: PMC4875607 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-016-0192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND End stage liver disease (ESLD) is associated with significant thrombotic complications. In this study, we attempted to determine if patients with ESLD, due to oncologic or autoimmune diseases, are susceptible to thrombosis to a greater extent than patients with ESLD due to other causes. METHODS In this retrospective study, we analyzed the UNOS database to determine the incidence of thrombotic complications in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients with autoimmune and oncologic conditions. Between 2000 and 2012, 65,646 OLTs were performed. We found 4,247 cases of preoperative portal vein thrombosis (PVT) and 1,233 cases of postoperative vascular thrombosis (VT) leading to graft failure. RESULTS Statistical evaluation demonstrated that patients with either hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or autoimmune hepatitis (AIC) had a higher incidence of PVT (p = 0.05 and 0.03 respectively). Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and AIC had a higher incidence of postoperative VT associated with graft failure (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.05 respectively). Patients with preoperative PVT had a higher incidence of postoperative VT (p < 0.0001). Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that patients with AIC, and BMI ≥40, having had a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, and those with diabetes mellitus were more likely to have preoperative PVT: odds ratio (OR)(1.36, 1.19, 1.78, 1.22 respectively). Patients with PSC, PBC, AIC, BMI ≤18, or with a preoperative PVT were more likely to have a postoperative VT: OR (1.93, 2.09, 1.64, 1.60, and 2.01, respectively). CONCLUSION Despite the limited number of variables available in the UNOS database potentially related to thrombotic complications, this analysis demonstrates a clear association between autoimmune causes of ESLD and perioperative thrombotic complications. Perioperative management of patients at risk should include strategies to reduce the potential for these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Bezinover
- Department of Anesthesiology, Penn State College of Medicine/Penn State Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Khaled Iskandarani
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine/Penn State Hershey Medical Center, 90 Hope Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Vernon Chinchilli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine/Penn State Hershey Medical Center, 90 Hope Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Patrick McQuillan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Penn State College of Medicine/Penn State Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Fuat Saner
- Department of General, Visceral- and Transplant Surgery/Essen University Medical Center, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Zakiyah Kadry
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine/Penn State Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Thomas R Riley
- Department of Gastroenterology, Penn State College of Medicine/Penn State Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Piotr K Janicki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Penn State College of Medicine/Penn State Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
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Rottenstreich A, Elazary R, Kalish Y. Abdominal thrombotic complications following bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2016; 13:78-84. [PMID: 27444858 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombotic events involving the portal-splenic-mesenteric venous system (PSMVT) are rare but potentially lethal after bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVES To investigate the incidence, clinical presentation, management, and outcome of thrombotic events after bariatric surgery. SETTING Two university hospitals. METHODS A retrospective review of individuals who underwent bariatric surgery between January 2006 and December 2015. RESULTS Overall, 4386 patients underwent bariatric surgery (laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy [LSG; n = 2886], laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [n = 762], laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding [n = 668], and biliopancreatic diversion [n = 70]). Mechanical (thigh-length pneumatic compression stockings) and pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis (40 mg enoxaparin daily, starting 12 hours after surgery until discharge) was provided for all patients. A minority of patients (n = 543, 12.4%) also received an extended course of enoxaparin for 1-4 weeks after discharge. We observed 16 cases of PSMVT, all after LSG, with an incidence of .55% (16/2886). Twelve additional patients experienced deep vein thrombosis and 6 had pulmonary embolism. Follow-up imaging indicated complete resolution in all cases, with no sequelae, recurrent thrombosis, or mortality. The overall thrombosis rate was significantly lower in patients who received an extended course of anticoagulation after LSG (P = .01) and after any type of bariatric surgery (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS PSMVT was found to occur uncommonly after LSG. Prompt diagnosis and anticoagulation therapy led to favorable outcomes in most cases. Significantly lower rates of thrombosis were found in patients who received an extended course of anticoagulation. We support its use for at least 1 week after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amihai Rottenstreich
- Hematology Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ram Elazary
- Surgery Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yosef Kalish
- Hematology Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Extracellular Vesicles: A New Frontier in Biomarker Discovery for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:376. [PMID: 26985892 PMCID: PMC4813235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the global burden of obesity and diabetes has seen a parallel rise in other metabolic complications, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition, once thought to be a benign accumulation of hepatic fat, is now recognized as a serious and prevalent disorder that is conducive to inflammation and fibrosis. Despite the rising incidence of NAFLD, there is currently no reliable method for its diagnosis or staging besides the highly invasive tissue biopsy. This limitation has resulted in the study of novel circulating markers as potential candidates, one of the most popular being extracellular vesicles (EVs). These submicron membrane-bound structures are secreted from stressed and activated cells, or are formed during apoptosis, and are known to be involved in intercellular communication. The cargo of EVs depends upon the parent cell and has been shown to be changed in disease, as is their abundance in the circulation. The role of EVs in immunity and epigenetic regulation is widely attested, and studies showing a correlation with disease severity have made these structures a favorable target for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. This review will highlight the research that is available on EVs in the context of NAFLD, the current limitations, and projections for their future utility in a clinical setting.
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Steib A, Degirmenci SE, Junke E, Asehnoune K, Figier M, Pericard C, Rohr S, Letessier E, Brunaud L, Vix M, Zobairi F, Grunebaum L, Toti F. Once versus twice daily injection of enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis in bariatric surgery: effects on antifactor Xa activity and procoagulant microparticles. A randomized controlled study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2016; 12:613-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2015.08.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Decrease in microvesicle-associated tissue factor activity in morbidly obese patients after bariatric surgery. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:768-72. [PMID: 26620889 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue factor (TF) is the main in vivo initiator of the blood coagulation cascade. Active circulating TF was detected on small, negatively charged membrane vesicles, the so-called microvesicles (MVs), which are released upon cell activation and apoptosis from a variety of cells. Increased coagulation activation was found in morbidly obese patients, and elevated levels of TF-bearing MVs may contribute to the prothrombotic state in these patients. AIM To determine MV-associated TF activity levels in morbidly obese patients before and after weight loss due to bariatric surgery. METHODS MV-TF activity was measured with a factor Xa generation assay in morbidly obese patients before and 2 years after bariatric surgery. In addition, clinical parameters were determined. RESULTS Seventy-four morbidly obese patients (mean age: 42 (±11) years; 61 females) were included in this study. After bariatric surgery, the body mass index decreased from (median, 25-75th percentile) 45.5 (42.3-50.2) to 30.5 (28.0-34.4 kg m(-2); P<0.001), and a significant improvement in metabolic parameters was observed. Preoperative MV-TF activity correlated with C-reactive protein levels (r=0.3; P=0.02). Postoperatively, the mean MV-TF activity decreased significantly from 0.20 pg ml(-1) (0.18-0.47) to 0.02 (0.00-0.28; P<0.01). CONCLUSION We could demonstrate a significant decrease in MV-TF activity after weight loss in morbidly obese patients. Decreased MV-TF activity might contribute to an improved coagulation profile in these patients after weight loss.
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Milbank E, Martinez MC, Andriantsitohaina R. Extracellular vesicles: Pharmacological modulators of the peripheral and central signals governing obesity. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 157:65-83. [PMID: 26617220 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its metabolic resultant dysfunctions such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension, grouped as the "metabolic syndrome", are chronic inflammatory disorders that represent one of the most severe epidemic health problems. The imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, leading to an excess of body fat and an increase of cardiovascular and diabetes risks, is regulated by the interaction between central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral signals in order to regulate behavior and finally, the metabolism of peripheral organs. At present, pharmacological treatment of obesity comprises actions in both CNS and peripheral organs. In the last decades, the extracellular vesicles have emerged as participants in many pathophysiological regulation processes. Whether used as biomarkers, targets or even tools, extracellular vesicles provided some promising effects in the treatment of a large variety of diseases. Extracellular vesicles are released by cells from the plasma membrane (microvesicles) or from multivesicular bodies (exosomes) and contain lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, such as DNA, protein coding, and non-coding RNAs. Owing to their composition, extracellular vesicles can (i) activate receptors at the target cell and then, the subsequent intracellular pathway associated to the specific receptor; (ii) transfer molecules to the target cells and thereby change their phenotype and (iii) be used as shuttle of drugs and, thus, to carry specific molecules towards specific cells. Herein, we review the impact of extracellular vesicles in modulating the central and peripheral signals governing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Milbank
- INSERM UMR1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - M Carmen Martinez
- INSERM UMR1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
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The diagnostic usefulness of capture assays for measuring global/specific extracellular micro-particles in plasma. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 53:127-36. [PMID: 26572801 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Capture assays were developed and validated for measuring the global pro-coagulant activity of micro-particles (MPs, mainly originated from platelets), or specific extravascular cellular MPs (released from erythrocytes, leukocytes, monocytes, endothelial cells) as those exposing TF (MP-TF, mainly observed in patients with some cancers). Conversely to Flow Cytometry methods, these capture assays measure all coagulant activity associated with MPs, through thrombin generation (MP-Activity) or Factor Xa generation (MP-TF), and therefore they bring a complementary information, as they are more specific for the pro-coagulant activity associated with MPs. Small particles (<0.40 µ) exposing Phosphatidyl Serine (PS) exhibit a greater pro-coagulant surface than larger MPs (0.40 to >1.00 µ), those preferentially measured with flow cytometry. Activity associated with MPs is a consequence of disease but can also be a cause contributing to pathological processes and development of thrombo-embolic events. In many diseases, flow cytometry and capture assays do not totally correlate, and have different associations with disease evolution. Optimized capture based assays are presented and discussed, along with their performance characteristics and some applications. They can be performed in any technically skillful hemostasis laboratory, using a thermostated ELISA equipment, or an incubator. Dynamic ranges for MP-Activity assay is from <0.1 nM to >2.5 nM Phospholipids, expressed as Phosphatidyl Serine (PS) equivalent, in the tested dilution. For MP-TF the very sensitive bio-immunoassay reported allows measuring concentrations from <0.10 pg/ml (TF equivalent) to >5.00 pg/ml, in the assayed dilution. No measurable MP-TF was found in normals, although an important concentration was generated from whole blood treated with Lipo-Poly-Saccharides. Capture based assays are then highly useful in the laboratory setting for measuring the activities associated with pro-coagulant, or specific cellular MPs.
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Microparticle levels after arterial injury and NO therapy in diabetes. J Surg Res 2015; 200:722-31. [PMID: 26490225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how arterial injury, nitric oxide (NO), or the diabetic milieu impact microparticle (MP) levels in the vasculature. We hypothesized that MP levels would increase following local arterial injury, and that NO would modify MP levels differently based on the metabolic environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Type 1 diabetes was induced in male Lean Zucker (LZ) rats with streptozotocin, and type 2 diabetes was induced in male Zucker diabetic fatty rats through diet. Lean Zucker rats served as nondiabetic controls. The rat carotid balloon injury was performed ± NO (n > 4/group). Blood was obtained at intervals from baseline to 14 d after injury and analyzed for platelet MP (PMP), leukocyte MP (LMP), and endothelial MP (EMP) using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. RESULTS At baseline, type 1 diabetic rats had the highest EMP levels (P < 0.05). After arterial injury, type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats had a transient increase in EMP levels (P < 0.05) before decreasing below baseline levels. Both LMP and PMP levels generally declined after injury in all three animal models but were the lowest in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats. NO therapy had little impact on MP levels in nondiabetic and type 1 diabetic rats after injury. Conversely, NO caused a dramatic increase in EMP, LMP, and PMP levels in type 2 diabetic animals at early time points after injury (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that the diabetic milieu impacts MP levels at baseline, after arterial injury and with NO treatment.
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Zhang X, McGeoch SC, Johnstone AM, Holtrop G, Sneddon AA, MacRury SM, Megson IL, Pearson DWM, Abraham P, De Roos B, Lobley GE, O'Kennedy N. Platelet-derived microparticle count and surface molecule expression differ between subjects with and without type 2 diabetes, independently of obesity status. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2015; 37:455-63. [PMID: 24097206 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-013-1000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of either type 2 diabetes or obesity, separately or in combination, on the absolute amounts of microparticles (MP) and the pathways by which these are associated with either condition. The concentrations of circulating MP derived from platelets (PMP), leukocytes (LMP) and monocytes (MMP), together with their specific activation markers, were compared in 30 subjects who were characterised across 4 cohorts as obese or type 2 diabetes. The subjects with type 2 diabetes had elevated concentrations of total PMP (P = 0.003), and PMP that were fibrinogen-positive (P = 0.04), tissue factor-positive (P < 0.001), P-selectin-positive (P = 0.03). Type 2 diabetes did not alter either total or activated LMP or MMP. Obesity per se did not impact on any MP measurement. Elevated concentrations of plasma PMP occurred in subjects with type 2 diabetes, whether they were obese or non-obese. In contrast, obesity in the absence of type 2 diabetes had no effect. The increased concentrations of specific marker-positive PMP in the subjects with diabetes might reflect potential pathways by which PMP may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Zhang
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK,
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Brunetta DM, De Santis GC, Silva-Pinto AC, Oliveira de Oliveira LC, Covas DT. Hydroxyurea increases plasma concentrations of microparticles and reduces coagulation activation and fibrinolysis in patients with sickle cell anemia. Acta Haematol 2014; 133:287-94. [PMID: 25472687 DOI: 10.1159/000362148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are present in healthy subjects and their concentration increases in patients at high risk of thrombosis. We evaluated 10 patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) treated with hydroxyurea (HU) and 13 SCA patients without this treatment. MP concentrations were determined by flow cytometry. Coagulation was evaluated using the thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and D-dimers. Total MP concentrations were increased in the HU-treated group (265 × 10(6)/ml vs. 67.45 × 10(6)/ml; p = 0.0026), as well as MPs derived from RBC (67.83 × 10(6)/ml vs. 26.31 × 10(6)/ml; p = 0.05), monocytes (51.31 × 10(6)/ml vs. 9.03 × 10(6)/ml; p = 0.0084), monocytes with tissue factor (TF) expression (2.27 × 10(6)/ml vs. 0.27 × 10(6)/ml; p = 0.0058), endothelium (49.42 × 10(6)/ml vs. 7.23 × 10(6)/ml; p = 0.007) and endothelium with TF (1.42 × 10(6)/ml vs. 0.26 × 10(6)/ml; p = 0.0043). Furthermore, the concentrations of TAT (7.56 vs. 10.98 µg/l; p = 0.014) and D-dimers (0.65 vs. 1.29 µg/ml; p = 0.007) were reduced with HU. The MP elevation may suggest a direct cytotoxic effect of HU. Another explanation is a cell surface increase secondary to a megaloblastic process, resulting in increased vesicle release. In our opinion, the known benefits of HU on SCA patients, along with the reduction in coagulation activation, surpass its potential detrimental effect on MPs. Future studies should elucidate the role of MPs and demonstrate their significance in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Menezes Brunetta
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Microvesicles and diabetic complications--novel mediators, potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:433-43. [PMID: 24608676 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs), also known as microparticles, are small membrane vesicles released from different cell types under different conditions. MVs have been detected in the circulation and in organs/tissues in various diseases, including diabetes. Patients with different types of diabetes and complications have different cellular MV patterns. Studies have shown that MVs may mediate vascular thrombosis, vascular inflammation, angiogenesis, and other pathological processes of the disease through their procoagulant, pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, proteolytic, and other properties. Therefore, MVs contribute to the development of diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications. In addition, clinical studies have indicated that changes in MV number and composition may reflect the pathophysiological conditions of disease, and therefore, may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic use. Understanding MVs' involvement in the pathophysiological conditions may provide insight into disease mechanisms and would also be helpful for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in the future. Here, we review the latest publications from our group and other groups and focus on the involvement of MVs in diabetic complications.
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Stepanian A, Bourguignat L, Hennou S, Coupaye M, Hajage D, Salomon L, Alessi MC, Msika S, de Prost D. Microparticle increase in severe obesity: not related to metabolic syndrome and unchanged after massive weight loss. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:2236-43. [PMID: 23512861 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the relationships between circulating microparticles (MPs), leukocyte-platelet aggregates (LPAs), obesity, and metabolic abnormalities and evaluate the effect of losing weight on these parameters. DESIGN AND METHODS In 151 severely obese women and 60 lean controls, total MPs (annexin-V positive), platelet (annexin V/CD41+) and endothelial (CD31+/CD41-) MPs, and LPAs using flow cytometry, and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) were assessed. The effect of weight loss was studied in 32 subjects after a 1 year follow-up. RESULTS Total microparticle count, platelet MPs (PMPs) and endothelial MPs (EMPs), and neutrophil-platelet aggregates were significantly increased in obese subjects versus lean controls, independently of the MS. Within obese subjects, there was no significant difference between those having and those not having MS. MPs and LPA counts did not vary significantly in subjects who lost 25% of their excess weight. CONCLUSIONS PMPs and EMPs, and LPAs are associated with obesity independently of metabolic abnormalities, but do not significantly change after massive weight loss. Further studies are needed to evaluate the prognostic significance of these observations, as beneficial effects of MPs are currently reported in addition to their initially described deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Stepanian
- AP-HP, Hôpital Louis Mourier, service d'Hématologie biologique et Transfusion, Colombes, 92700, France; INSERM U770, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre 94270, France
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Rezvani M, Sucandy I, Das R, Naglak MC, Bonanni FB, Antanavicius G. Venous thromboembolism after laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch: analysis of 362 patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2013; 10:469-73. [PMID: 24342034 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which manifests as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), is relatively uncommon after weight loss procedures but has the strong potential to affect patient morbidity and mortality. This type of complication has been studied extensively in more common weight loss procedures, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). VTE has not been studied after biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS), a bariatric procedure performed mainly for super morbidly obese patients, who are inherently associated with a higher incidence of co-morbidity. The objective of this study was to review VTE prevalence and identify risk factors associated with the postoperative occurrence of VTE in a collected data set of patients after laparoscopic BPD-DS. METHODS The database of all patients who underwent laparoscopic BPD-DS between 2006 and 2012 was reviewed. Preoperative clinical information, which included history of VTE, inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement, operative variables, and postoperative course, were reviewed. All VTE related events that occurred within 90 days postoperatively were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Of 362 patients who underwent laparoscopic BPD-DS during the study period, 12 (3.3%) experienced a VTE complication. Eight (2.2%) patients presented with DVT; 4 (1.1%) patients presented with PE. VTE complications were more common in females than males (83.3% versus 16.6%, respectively). Age, body mass index (BMI), and time interval between preoperative and postoperative doses of heparin for DVT prophylaxis did not influence the occurrence of VTE complications. However, operative time (P = .02) and length of hospital stay (P = .0005) were identified as risk factors associated with postoperative VTE complications. No related mortality occurred in this study. CONCLUSION The prevalence of VTE after BPD-DS is relatively low and comparable to other weight loss procedures. Overall risk of postoperative VTE after laparoscopic BPD-DS appears to be associated with the length of operation and hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rezvani
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington, Pennsylvania.
| | - Iswanto Sucandy
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington, Pennsylvania
| | - Riva Das
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary C Naglak
- Department of Medicine, Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington, Pennsylvania
| | - Fernando B Bonanni
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington, Pennsylvania
| | - Gintaras Antanavicius
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington, Pennsylvania
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Feener EP, Zhou Q, Fickweiler W. Role of plasma kallikrein in diabetes and metabolism. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:434-41. [PMID: 23676986 DOI: 10.1160/th13-02-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasma kallikrein (PK) is a serine protease generated from plasma prekallikrein, an abundant circulating zymogen expressed by the Klkb1 gene. The physiological actions of PK have been primarily attributed to its production of bradykinin and activation of coagulation factor XII, which promotes inflammation and the intrinsic coagulation pathway. Recent genetic, molecular, and pharmacological studies of PK have provided further insight into its role in physiology and disease. Genetic analyses have revealed common Klkb1 variants that are association with blood metabolite levels, hypertension, and coagulation. Characterisation of animal models with Klkb1 deficiency and PK inhibition have demonstrated effects on inflammation, vascular function, blood pressure regulation, thrombosis, haemostasis, and metabolism. These reports have also identified a host of PK substrates and interactions, which suggest an expanded physiological role for this protease beyond the bradykinin system and coagulation. The review summarises the mechanisms that contribute to PK activation and its emerging role in diabetes and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Feener
- Edward P. Feener, PhD, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA, Tel.: +1 617 309 2599, Fax: +1 617 309 2637, E-mail:
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Abstract
Objective: Elevated plasma levels of the fatty acid transporter, CD36, have been shown to constitute a novel biomarker for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We recently reported such circulating CD36 to be entirely associated with cellular microparticles (MPs) and aim here to determine the absolute levels and cellular origin(s) of these CD36+MPs in persons with T2DM. Design: An ex vivo case-control study was conducted using plasma samples from 33 obese individuals with T2DM (body mass index (BMI)=39.9±6.4 kg m−2; age=57±9 years; 18 male:15 female) and age- and gender-matched lean and obese non-T2DM controls (BMI=23.6±1.8 kg m−2 and 33.5±5.9 kg m−2, respectively). Flow cytometry was used to analyse surface expression of CD36 together with tissue-specific markers: CD41, CD235a, CD14, CD105 and phosphatidyl serine on plasma MPs. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify absolute CD36 protein concentrations. Results: CD36+MP levels were significantly higher in obese people with T2DM (P<0.00001) and were primarily derived from erythrocytes (CD235a+=35.8±14.6%); although this did not correlate with haemoglobin A1c. By contrast, the main source of CD36+MPs in non-T2DM individuals was endothelial cells (CD105+=40.9±8.3% and 33.9±8.3% for lean and obese controls, respectively). Across the entire cohort, plasma CD36 protein concentration varied from undetectable to 22.9 μg ml−1 and was positively correlated with CD36+MPs measured by flow cytometry (P=0.0006) but only weakly associated with the distribution of controls and T2DM (P=0.021). Multivariate analysis confirmed that plasma CD36+MP levels were a much better biomarker for diabetes than CD36 protein concentration (P=0.009 vs P=0.398, respectively). Conclusions: Both the levels and cellular profile of CD36+MPs differ in T2DM compared with controls, suggesting that these specific vesicles could represent distinct biological vectors contributing to the pathology of the disease.
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Baron M, Boulanger CM, Staels B, Tailleux A. Cell-derived microparticles in atherosclerosis: biomarkers and targets for pharmacological modulation? J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1365-76. [PMID: 22050954 PMCID: PMC3823207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain an important cause of morbi-mortality. Atherosclerosis, which predisposes to cardiovascular disorders such as myocardial infarction and stroke, develops silently over several decades. Identification of circulating biomarkers to evaluate cardiovascular event risk and pathology prognosis is of particular importance. Microparticles (MPs) are small vesicles released from cells upon apoptosis or activation. Microparticles are present in blood of healthy individuals. Studies showing a modification of their concentrations in patients with cardiovascular risk factors and after cardiovascular events identify MPs as potential biomarkers of disease. Moreover, the pathophysiological properties of MPs may contribute to atherosclerosis development. In addition, pharmacological compounds, used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, can reduce plasma MP concentrations. Nevertheless, numerous issues remain to be solved before MP measurement can be applied as routine biological tests to improve cardiovascular risk prediction. In particular, prospective studies to identify the predictive values of MPs in pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases are needed to demonstrate whether MPs are useful biomarkers for the early detection of the disease and its progression.
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Abstract
Biomarkers are of tremendous importance for the prediction, diagnosis, and observation of the therapeutic success of common complex multifactorial metabolic diseases, such as type II diabetes and obesity. However, the predictive power of the traditional biomarkers used (eg, plasma metabolites and cytokines, body parameters) is apparently not sufficient for reliable monitoring of stage-dependent pathogenesis starting with the healthy state via its initiation and development to the established disease and further progression to late clinical outcomes. Moreover, the elucidation of putative considerable differences in the underlying pathogenetic pathways (eg, related to cellular/tissue origin, epigenetic and environmental effects) within the patient population and, consequently, the differentiation between individual options for disease prevention and therapy - hallmarks of personalized medicine - plays only a minor role in the traditional biomarker concept of metabolic diseases. In contrast, multidimensional and interdependent patterns of genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic markers presumably will add a novel quality to predictive values, provided they can be followed routinely along the complete individual disease pathway with sufficient precision. These requirements may be fulfilled by small membrane vesicles, which are so-called exosomes and microvesicles (EMVs) that are released via two distinct molecular mechanisms from a wide variety of tissue and blood cells into the circulation in response to normal and stress/pathogenic conditions and are equipped with a multitude of transmembrane, soluble and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs. Based on the currently available data, EMVs seem to reflect the diverse functional and dysfunctional states of the releasing cells and tissues along the complete individual pathogenetic pathways underlying metabolic diseases. A critical step in further validation of EMVs as biomarkers will rely on the identification of unequivocal correlations between critical disease states and specific EMV signatures, which in future may be determined in rapid and convenient fashion using nanoparticle-driven biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Müller
- Department of Biology I, Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Biocenter, Munich, Germany
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47
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Morgan ES, Wilson E, Watkins T, Gao F, Hunt BJ. Maternal obesity and venous thromboembolism. Int J Obstet Anesth 2012; 21:253-63. [PMID: 22647590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity in pregnancy has increased rapidly in the last decade. Obesity is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism outside of pregnancy and previous studies of maternal death in the UK have identified obesity as a risk factor in pregnancy. As a result the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists have targeted obesity as a risk factor in evaluation of the need for thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy. This article highlights the evidence that obesity increases the risk of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and the puerperium, discusses thromboprophylaxis and appropriate dosing in obese parturients and details the anaesthetic implications of the 2009 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists' guidelines. More clinical studies are required to clarify the appropriate dose of low-molecular-weight heparin in an obese parturient.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Morgan
- Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Gwent Hospital, Cardiff Road, Newport, UK.
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48
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Thromboembolic disorders in obstetrics. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2012; 26:53-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Russo I. The prothrombotic tendency in metabolic syndrome: focus on the potential mechanisms involved in impaired haemostasis and fibrinolytic balance. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:525374. [PMID: 24278711 PMCID: PMC3820496 DOI: 10.6064/2012/525374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a clinical disorder characterized by impairment of glucose metabolism, increased arterial blood pressure, and abdominal obesity. The presence of these clinical features exposes patients to a high risk of atherothrombotic cardiovascular events. The pathogenesis of atherothrombosis in the metabolic syndrome is multifactorial, requiring a close relationship among the main components of the metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, alterations of glycaemic and lipid pattern, haemodynamic impairment, and early appearance of endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, haemostatic alterations involving coagulation balance, fibrinolysis, and platelet function play a relevant role both in the progression of the arterial wall damage and in acute vascular events. The mechanisms linking abdominal obesity with prothrombotic changes in the metabolic syndrome have been identified and partially elucidated on the basis of alterations of each haemostatic variable and defined through the evidence of peculiar dysfunctions in the endocrine activity of adipose tissue responsible of vascular impairment, prothrombotic tendency, and low-grade chronic inflammation. This paper will focus on the direct role of adipose tissue on prothrombotic tendency in patients affected by metabolic syndrome, with adipocytes being able to produce and/or release cytokines and adipokines which deeply influence haemostatic/fibrinolytic balance, platelet function, and proinflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Russo
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences of the Turin University, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
- *Isabella Russo:
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50
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Stein PD, Matta F, Goldman J. Obesity and pulmonary embolism: The mounting evidence of risk and the mortality paradox. Thromb Res 2011; 128:518-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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