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Serindere G, Aktuna Belgin C, Gunduz K. EVALUATION OF MANDIBULAR TRABECULAR AND CORTICAL STRUCTURE BY FRACTAL ANALYSIS IN HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND HYPERTENSION PATIENTS. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2024:101953. [PMID: 38908478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the mandibular trabecular and cortical changes in patients with hyperlipidemia (HL) and/or hypertension (HT) using fractal dimension (FD) analysis, mandibular cortical width (MCW), panoramic mandibular index (PMI) and mandibular cortical index (MCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Panoramic radiographs of 100 patients were evaluated. FD measurement of three region of interest (ROI) including the angulus, corpus and interdental bone area were made. MCW, PMI and MCI were also measured and noted. RESULTS Angulus, corpus and interdental FD values were significantly lower in three disease groups than the control group. Angulus, corpus, and interdental FD values were significantly lower in the HL+HT group than in the HL group and HT group. MCW value was significantly lower in the HL group, HT group, and HL+HT group than the control group. The cortical index C1 was more common in the control group while C2 was more common in the HT, HL and HL+HT group. CONCLUSION The fact that FD was significantly lower in the HL+HT group compared to the HL and HT groups indicates the positive effect of their association on bone loss and quality. FD measurements on images obtained using a direct digital panoramic system can be used for treatment planning and follow-up of patients with HL and/or HT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ceren Aktuna Belgin
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Hatay, TÜRKİYE.
| | - Kaan Gunduz
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Samsun, TÜRKİYE.
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Maciejewski M, Siódmiak J, Borkowski B, Lorkowski M, Olszewska-Słonina DM. Lipid Peroxidation as a Possible Factor Affecting Bone Resorption in Obese Subjects-Preliminary Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11629. [PMID: 37511388 PMCID: PMC10380302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, which promotes bone catabolism, also affects the quality of bone tissue. We aimed to assess the impact of metabolic disorders and oxidant-antioxidant imbalance associated with primary obesity on bone resorption and formation processes. Anthropometric parameters, metabolic variables, oxidative stress indicators (malondialdehyde, vitamins A and E, uric acid, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, type 1 paraoxonase, iron-reducing plasma antioxidant power) and markers of bone turnover (type I procollagen N-terminal propeptide and the type I collagen C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide; P1NP and CTX) were assessed in 108 Polish participants. Under the influence of oxidative stress, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense mechanisms were stimulated in obese subjects, especially in women, who had increased lipid peroxidation and activity of catalase (particularly in first-degree obesity) and decreased vitamin E concentration. The process of lipid peroxidation, as well as the weakening of the bone formation, was strongly manifested in women at a BMI range of 35.0-39.9 kg/m2 but not at BMI > 40.0 kg/m2, but it had a comprehensive negative impact on bone turnover in obese men. Obesity and its degree of advancement significantly affected the decrease in the concentration of the marker of bone formation-P1NP-only in the plasma of women. Excessive body weight had no effect on the value of the bone resorption marker in plasma, regardless of gender. Our results confirm the existence of the "obesity paradox" in the aspect of bone tissue metabolism and suggest that a specific body weight threshold changed the molecular response of the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Maciejewski
- Clinical Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Musculoskeletal System, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital in Bydgoszcz, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Siódmiak
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Borkowski
- Clinical Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Musculoskeletal System, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital in Bydgoszcz, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Matthias Lorkowski
- Clinical Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Musculoskeletal System, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital in Bydgoszcz, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dorota M Olszewska-Słonina
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Akhmetshina A, Kratky D, Rendina-Ruedy E. Influence of Cholesterol on the Regulation of Osteoblast Function. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040578. [PMID: 37110236 PMCID: PMC10143138 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue composed of cells, an extracellular matrix, and mineralized portion. Osteoblasts are responsible for proper bone formation and remodeling, and function. These processes are endergonic and require cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is derived from various sources such as glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids. However, other lipids such as cholesterol have also been found to play a critical role in bone homeostasis and can also contribute to the overall bioenergetic capacity of osteoblasts. In addition, several epidemiological studies have found a link between elevated cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, an enhanced risk of osteoporosis, and increased bone metastasis in cancer patients. This review focuses on how cholesterol, its derivatives, and cholesterol-lowering medications (statins) regulate osteoblast function and bone formation. It also highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying the cholesterol-osteoblast crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Akhmetshina
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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BALA MM, BALA KA, PEKER G, ÜNSAL SŞ, GÜRLER M. Relationship between bone mineral density and biochemical parameters in obese children and adolescents. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.20.04522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Fang W, Peng P, Xiao F, He W, Wei Q, He M. A negative association between total cholesterol and bone mineral density in US adult women. Front Nutr 2022; 9:937352. [PMID: 36245496 PMCID: PMC9562045 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.937352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between serum total cholesterol (TC) and bone mineral density (BMD) is still controversial. We aimed to evaluate the association of serum TC with BMD in general US adult women. Methods A cross-sectional study consisting of 7,092 (age range 20–85) participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database was conducted. Weighted multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate association between serum TC and lumbar spine BMD. In addition, subgroup and interaction analysis were used in this study. Results The serum TC was negatively correlated with lumbar spine BMD after adjusting for confounders. Subgroup analysis found that the strongest negative association mainly exists in women aged over 45 years with body mass index (BMI) < 24.9 kg/m2, and this association is not significant in other groups. Conclusions This study found that serum TC exhibit an inverse association with lumbar spine BMD in Us women aged over 45 years. The measurement of serum TC may provide information for predicting poor bone health outcomes in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Fang
- The Third Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Peng
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjun Xiao
- The Third Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiushi Wei
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiushi Wei
| | - Mincong He
- Guangdong Research Institute for Orthopedics and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Mincong He
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Alfahal AO, Ali AE, Modawe GO, Doush WM. Association between serum lipid profile, body mass index and osteoporosis in postmenopausal Sudanese women. Afr Health Sci 2022; 22:399-406. [PMID: 36910383 PMCID: PMC9993279 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v22i3.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological observations suggest links between osteoporosis and the risk of acute cardiovascular events. Whether the two clinical conditions are linked by common pathogenic factors or atherosclerosis per se remains incompletely understood. The reduction of bone density and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women contributes to elevated lipid parameters and body mass index (BMI). Objective To investigate the relationship between serum lipid profile, BMI and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods A prospective analytical case control-study conducted in Khartoum north hospital at Khartoum city, capital of the Sudan from April 2017 to March 2018 after ethical approval obtained from the local Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medical Laboratories, Alzaeim Alazhary University on the committee meeting number (109) on Wednesday 15th February 2017. A written informed consent was obtained from all participants to participate in the study.Two hundred postmenopausal women were enrolled in the study. The age was studied in one hundred osteoporosis postmenopausal women as a case group and one hundred non-osteoporosis postmenopausal women as control group. The serum lipid profiles were estimated using spectrophotometers (Mandry) and BMI calculated using Quetelet index formula. The data were analysed using SPSS version 16. Results The BMI, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL in case group respectively were (24.846±2.1647, 251.190±27.0135 mg/dl, 168.790 ±45.774 mg/dl, 50.620 ± 7.174 mg/dl, 166.868 ±28.978 mg/dl). While the BMI, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL in control group respectively were (25.378 ±3.8115, 187.990 ± 26.611 mg/dl, 139.360±20.290 mg/dl, 49.480 ±4.659 mg/dl, 111.667 ±28.0045 mg/dl). All serum lipid profiles significantly increased (p=0.000) in the case group compared to the control group, except serum HDL was insignificant different between the case and control group and also BMI was insignificant different between the case and control group. There was a positive Pearson's correlation between BMD and serum total cholesterol (r= 0.832, P<0.01), serum LDL (r = 0.782, P<0.01) and serum triglyceride (r = 0.72, P<0.01). Conclusions Osteoporotic postmenopausal women had a significant increase in serum lipid profile and BMI. Moreover, we found a positive link between women with cardiovascular diseases and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asgad Osman Alfahal
- AlzaiemAlazhari University, College of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abdalla Eltoum Ali
- AlzaiemAlazhari University, College of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Gadallah Osman Modawe
- Omdurman Islamic University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Wael Mohialddin Doush
- Omdurman Islamic University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Khartoum, Sudan
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Günaçar DN, Yemenoğlu H, Ustaoğlu G, Arıöz Ö. Effects of hyperlipidemia on trabecular and cortical structures of the mandible. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2022; 51:20210214. [PMID: 34283651 PMCID: PMC8802705 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the mandibular bone structure of patients with hyperlipidemia by fractal dimension (FD) analysis and panoramic radiomorphometric indices including mandibular cortical thickness measurement, panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical index (MCI) and to compare with the healthy group. METHODS In total, 60 panoramic radiographs were included, including panoramic radiographs of 30 individuals with hyperlipidemia and 30 individuals with systemically healthy. FD analysis in the mandibular condyle, angle of the mandible, the distal side of the second premolar and anterior to mental foramen, PMI, MCI, and mandibular cortical thickness measurements were evaluated on radiographs. Independent samples t-test was used for differences between healthy and hyperlipidemia groups with regard to age and PMI. Repeated measurement of variance with one within and one between factors in the comparison of four regions and two groups in terms of FD and cortical thickness measurements. Following this analysis, significant differences were detected by post-hoc Sidak test. Fisher-Freeman-Halton analysis was applied to determine the relationship between categorical variables. RESULTS FD values of the hyperlipidemic patients were found to be lower than the healthy group. Between the hyperlipidemic and healthy groups, there was a difference in the angle of the mandible FD values (p = 0.020). There were no differences in the cortical thickness measurements and PMI between the groups (p > 0.05). There was a difference in MCI values between the groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The trabecular structure of the angle of the mandible and the cortical bone structure of the mandible were found to be negatively affected by hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Nil Günaçar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Faculty of Dentistry, Rize, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yemenoğlu
- Periodontology Department, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Faculty of Dentistry, Rize, Turkey
| | - Gülbahar Ustaoğlu
- Periodontology Department, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Özkan Arıöz
- Periodontology Department, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu, Turkey
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Anagnostis P, Florentin M, Livadas S, Lambrinoudaki I, Goulis DG. Bone Health in Patients with Dyslipidemias: An Underestimated Aspect. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031639. [PMID: 35163560 PMCID: PMC8835770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond being aging-related diseases, atherosclerosis and osteoporosis share common pathogenetic pathways implicated in bone and vascular mineralization. However, the contributory role of dyslipidemia in this interplay is less documented. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide epidemiological evidence regarding the prevalence of bone disease (osteoporosis, fracture risk) in patients with dyslipidemias and to discuss potential common pathophysiological mechanisms linking osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. The effect of hypolipidemic therapy on bone metabolism is also discussed. Despite the high data heterogeneity and the variable quality of studies, dyslipidemia, mainly elevated total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, is associated with low bone mass and increased fracture risk. This effect may be mediated directly by the increased oxidative stress and systemic inflammation associated with dyslipidemia, leading to increased osteoclastic activity and reduced bone formation. Moreover, factors such as estrogen, vitamin D and K deficiency, and increased concentrations of parathyroid hormone, homocysteine and lipid oxidation products, can also contribute. Regarding the effect of hypolipidemic medications on bone metabolism, statins may slightly increase BMD and reduce fracture risk, although the evidence is not robust, as it is for omega-3 fatty acids. No evidence exists for the effects of ezetimibe, fibrates, and niacin. In any case, more prospective studies are needed further to elucidate the association between lipids and bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Anagnostis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-257150; Fax: +30-2310-281179
| | - Matilda Florentin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Ioannina, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | | | - Irene Lambrinoudaki
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios G. Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Wang B, Wang H, Li Y, Song L. Lipid metabolism within the bone micro-environment is closely associated with bone metabolism in physiological and pathophysiological stages. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:5. [PMID: 34996476 PMCID: PMC8742318 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in society have resulted in the emergence of both hyperlipidemia and obesity as life-threatening conditions in people with implications for various types of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This is further complicated by a global rise in the aging population, especially menopausal women, who mostly suffer from overweight and bone loss simultaneously. Interestingly, clinical observations in these women suggest that osteoarthritis may be linked to a higher body mass index (BMI), which has led many to believe that there may be some degree of bone dysfunction associated with conditions such as obesity. It is also common practice in many outpatient settings to encourage patients to control their BMI and lose weight in an attempt to mitigate mechanical stress and thus reduce bone pain and joint dysfunction. Together, studies show that bone is not only a mechanical organ but also a critical component of metabolism, and various endocrine functions, such as calcium metabolism. Numerous studies have demonstrated a relationship between metabolic dysfunction in bone and abnormal lipid metabolism. Previous studies have also regarded obesity as a metabolic disorder. However, the relationship between lipid metabolism and bone metabolism has not been fully elucidated. In this narrative review, the data describing the close relationship between bone and lipid metabolism was summarized and the impact on both the normal physiology and pathophysiology of these tissues was discussed at both the molecular and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The first affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Street No. 30, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The first affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Street No. 30, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Battalion of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuancheng Li
- Battalion of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The first affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Street No. 30, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Ge B, Lu SQ, Lei SF. The obesity indices mediate the relationships of blood lipids and bone mineral density in Chinese elders. Mol Cell Probes 2021; 56:101705. [PMID: 33556474 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2021.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear what role does obesity (OB) index play between blood lipid and bone mineral density (BMD). SUBJECTS This study recruited a total of 4,558 Chinese elders >65 years. OB indices: waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-hip-ratio (WHR); blood lipid parameters: low density lipoprotein (LDL); total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and BMDs at femur neck (FN), total hip (TH), and lumbar spine (LS) were measured. The t-test and multiple linear regression analysis were used to detect the differences of variables. Casual inference test (CIT) were performed to test potential mediators underlying the associations between blood lipid and BMD. RESULTS The blood lipids were positively associated with BMD (p < 0.05) after adjustment of age and sex (Model 1) both in total subjects and in sex-stratified subjects. The CIT showed that OB indices had significant mediation effects on the associations between blood lipid (TG and LDL) and BMD in total subjects and males. Comparably, the correlations of TG and BMD are most likely mediated by BMI and WC. CONCLUSIONS This study represented the first effort to report that OB indices, especially BMI and WC, served as significant mediators between blood lipid (TG and LDL) and BMD in Chinese elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, Sihong People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, 223900, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Clinical Immunology Between Sihong People's Hospital and Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Si-Qi Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Clinical Immunology Between Sihong People's Hospital and Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China; Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Shu-Feng Lei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Clinical Immunology Between Sihong People's Hospital and Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China; Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
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Zhang Q, Zhou J, Wang Q, Lu C, Xu Y, Cao H, Xie X, Wu X, Li J, Chen D. Association Between Bone Mineral Density and Lipid Profile in Chinese Women. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:1649-1664. [PMID: 32982199 PMCID: PMC7501971 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s266722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease may share the risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD), one of which is dyslipidemia. The association between serum cholesterol and BMD remains controversial. Thus, the correlation between serum lipids and BMD in women was explored in the current study. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included 1116 Chinese female participants. Serum samples were collected to evaluate total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and other laboratory markers. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip BMD. Results In the postmenopausal women, a non-linear relationship was detected between TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and lumbar spine BMD. Using segmented linear regression, the inflection points were 5.86 mmol/L, 3.52 mmol/L, and 2.37 mmol/L, respectively. To the left of the inflection point, the higher the serum lipid level, the lower the value for lumbar spine BMD. To the right of the inflection point, the higher the serum level of TC and LDL-C, the higher the value for lumbar spine BMD. In the premenopausal women, the association between HDL-C and femoral neck BMD was non-linear. In addition, LDL-C had a positive association with BMD of the femoral neck and HDL-C had an inverse association with BMD of the femoral neck in postmenopausal women. Conclusion In postmenopausal women, the relationship between TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and lumbar spine BMD was non-linear. TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C were negatively associated with lumbar spine BMD when the values were less than 5.86 mmol/L, 3.52 mmol/L, and 2.37 mmol/L, respectively. The mechanisms of the association were unclear, and further research is warranted to clarify the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Sichuan University West China Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Junteng Zhou
- Sichuan University West China Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Wang
- Sichuan University West China Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Lu
- Sichuan University West China Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyi Cao
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Xie
- The First People's Hospital of Liangshan Prefecture, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Liangshan, Sichuan 615000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Wu
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangyuan, Sichuan 628099, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Sichuan University West China Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Decai Chen
- Sichuan University West China Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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Modulation of Bone and Marrow Niche by Cholesterol. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061394. [PMID: 31234305 PMCID: PMC6628005 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a complex tissue composing of mineralized bone, bone cells, hematopoietic cells, marrow adipocytes, and supportive stromal cells. The homeostasis of bone and marrow niche is dynamically regulated by nutrients. The positive correlation between cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis risk suggests a close relationship between hyperlipidemia and/or hypercholesterolemia and the bone metabolism. Cholesterol and its metabolites influence the bone homeostasis through modulating the differentiation and activation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The effects of cholesterol on hematopoietic stem cells, including proliferation, migration, and differentiation, are also well-documented and further relate to atherosclerotic lesions. Correlation between circulating cholesterol and bone marrow adipocytes remains elusive, which seems opposite to its effects on osteoblasts. Epidemiological evidence has demonstrated that cholesterol deteriorates or benefits bone metabolism depending on the types, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. In this review, we will summarize the latest progress of how cholesterol regulates bone metabolism and bone marrow microenvironment, including the hematopoiesis and marrow adiposity. Elucidation of these association and factors is of great importance in developing therapeutic options for bone related diseases under hypercholesterolemic conditions.
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Pontes TA, Barbosa AD, Silva RD, Melo-Junior MR, Silva RO. Osteopenia-osteoporosis discrimination in postmenopausal women by 1H NMR-based metabonomics. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217348. [PMID: 31141566 PMCID: PMC6541380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a report on how 1H NMR-based metabonomics was employed to discriminate osteopenia from osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, identifying the main metabolites associated to the separation between the groups. The Assays were performed using seventy-eight samples, being twenty-eight healthy volunteers, twenty-six osteopenia patients and twenty-four osteoporosis patients. PCA, LDA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA formalisms were used. PCA discriminated the samples from healthy volunteers from diseased patient samples. Osteopenia-osteoporosis discrimination was only obtained using Analysis Discriminants formalisms, as LDA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA. The metabonomics model using LDA formalism presented 88.0% accuracy, 88.5% specificity and 88.0% sensitivity. Cross-Validation, however, presented some problems as the accuracy of modeling decreased. LOOCV resulted in 78.0% accuracy. The OPLS-DA based model was better: R2Y and Q2 values equal to 0.871 (p<0.001) and 0.415 (p<0.001). LDA and OPLS-DA indicated the important spectral regions for discrimination, making possible to assign the metabolites involved in the skeletal system homeostasis, as follows: VLDL, LDL, leucine, isoleucine, allantoin, taurine and unsaturated lipids. These results indicate that 1H NMR-based metabonomics can be used as a diagnosis tool to discriminate osteoporosis from osteopenia using a single serum sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Pontes
- Biology Applied to Health Postgraduate Program. LIKA–Laboratory of Immunopatology Keizo Asami. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av Prof Luis Freire, s/n. Cidade Universitaria, Recife-PE, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - A. D. Barbosa
- Biology Applied to Health Postgraduate Program. LIKA–Laboratory of Immunopatology Keizo Asami. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av Prof Luis Freire, s/n. Cidade Universitaria, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - R. D. Silva
- Fundamental Chemistry Department, CCEN. Chemistry Postgraduate Program. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n. Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - M. R. Melo-Junior
- Biology Applied to Health Postgraduate Program. LIKA–Laboratory of Immunopatology Keizo Asami. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av Prof Luis Freire, s/n. Cidade Universitaria, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - R. O. Silva
- Fundamental Chemistry Department, CCEN. Chemistry Postgraduate Program. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n. Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, Brazil
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Protective Effects of 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2- O-β-d-glucoside on Ovariectomy Induced Osteoporosis Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092554. [PMID: 30154383 PMCID: PMC6163345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (TSG), an active polyphenolic component of Polygonum multiflorum, exhibits many pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-aging effects. A previous study demonstrated that TSG protected MC3T3-E1 cells from hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) induced cell damage and the inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation. However, no studies have investigated the prevention of ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice. Therefore, we investigated the effects of TSG on bone loss in ovariectomized mice (OVX). Treatment with TSG (1 and 3 μg/g; i.p.) for six weeks positively affected body weight, uterine weight, organ weight, bone length, and weight change because of estrogen deficiency. The levels of the serum biochemical markers of calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (IP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total cholesterol (TCHO) decreased in the TSG-treated mice when compared with the OVX mice. Additionally, the serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels in the TSG-treated OVX mice were significantly increased compared with the OVX mice, while the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the OVX mice treated with TSG showed a significantly reduced bone loss compared to the untreated OVX mice upon micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis. Consequently, bone destruction in osteoporotic mice as a result of ovariectomy was inhibited by the administration of TSG. These findings indicate that TSG effectively prevents bone loss in OVX mice; therefore, it can be considered as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Lipid profile and plasma atherogenic index in postmenopausal osteoporosis. North Clin Istanb 2017; 4:237-241. [PMID: 29270572 PMCID: PMC5724918 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2017.61587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between the lipid profile, plasma atherogenic index (PAI), and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. METHODS The data of age, duration of menopause, height, weight, lipid profile, bone mineral density (BMD) value, and history of oral contraceptive use of 407 postmenopausal women who had not been menstruating for at least 12 months, were between the ages 45 and 80, and presented at the obstetrics and gynecology polyclinic of Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Tr aining and Research Hospital were reviewed. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of osteoporosis, and the data compared. The level of significance was accepted as p<0.05. RESULTS A total of 142 postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis were included in the study. The mean age was 61.7±6.9 years. In the control group, there were 263 postmenopausal women without osteoporosis, with a mean age of 58.3±4.5 years. There was no statistically significant difference with respect to triglyceride level; however, in the osteoporosis group, the level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were lower, and the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was higher (p=0.762, p=0.002, p=0.01, p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION A high level of HDL, and low LDL and PAI values, which are important for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, were found to be negative factors for BMD.
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He S, Nelson ER. 27-Hydroxycholesterol, an endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulator. Maturitas 2017; 104:29-35. [PMID: 28923174 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) mediate the actions of the steroidal estrogens, and are important for the regulation of several physiological and pathophysiological processes, including reproduction, bone physiology, cardiovascular physiology and breast cancer. The unique pharmacology of the ERs allows for certain ligands, such as tamoxifen, to elicit tissue- and context-specific responses, ligands now referred to as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Recently, the cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxychoelsterol (27HC) has been defined as an endogenous SERM, with activities in atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, breast and prostate cancers, and neural degenerative diseases. Since 27HC concentrations closely mirror those of cholesterol, it is possible that 27HC mediates many of the biological effects of cholesterol. This paper provides an overview of ER pharmacology and summarizes the work to date implicating 27HC in various diseases. Wherever possible, we highlight clinical data in support of a role for 27HC in the diseases discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi He
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Erik R Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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17
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Preventive Effects of Drinking Hydrogen-Rich Water on Gingival Oxidative Stress and Alveolar Bone Resorption in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010064. [PMID: 28098768 PMCID: PMC5295108 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity induces gingival oxidative stress, which is involved in the progression of alveolar bone resorption. The antioxidant effect of hydrogen-rich water may attenuate gingival oxidative stress and prevent alveolar bone resorption in cases of obesity. We examined whether hydrogen-rich water could suppress gingival oxidative stress and alveolar bone resorption in obese rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Fischer 344 rats (n = 18) were divided into three groups of six rats each: a control group (fed a regular diet and drinking distilled water) and two experimental groups (fed a high-fat diet and drinking distilled water or hydrogen-rich water). The level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was determined to evaluate oxidative stress. The bone mineral density of the alveolar bone was analyzed by micro-computerized tomography. Obese rats, induced by a high-fat diet, showed a higher gingival level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and a lower level of alveolar bone density compared to the control group. Drinking hydrogen-rich water suppressed body weight gain, lowered gingival level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and reduced alveolar bone resorption in rats on a high-fat diet. The results indicate that hydrogen-rich water could suppress gingival oxidative stress and alveolar bone resorption by limiting obesity.
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Ghadiri-Anari A, Mortezaii-Shoroki Z, Modarresi M, Dehghan A. Association of lipid profile with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in Yazd province. Int J Reprod Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.14.9.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Skripnikova IA, Abirova ES, Alyasova PA, Alikhanova NA, Khudyakov MB, Vygodin VA. [Associations of lipoproteins with bone mass in postmenopausal women]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2016; 88:82-88. [PMID: 26978615 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201688182-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study an association between blood lipid composition and bone mass in Russian postmenopausal women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The cross-sectional study included 373 postmenopausal women aged 45-80 years who were examined to diagnose osteoporosis in outpatient settings. Height, body weight, and waist and hip circumferences (WC and HC) were measured before densitometry. Quetelet's index was calculated as a ratio of weight (kg) to height (m2). The concentration of lipids and apolipoproteins (apo) AІ and B were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the spine and proximal femur (PF) was estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS According to bone mass, the patients were divided into three groups: 1) osteoporosis (OP); 2) osteopenia; 3) normal BMD. The levels of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were significantly higher in the postmenopausal women with OP than in those with normal bone mass. There was a negative correlation of cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels with lumbar spine BMD and that of HDL levels with BMD in the femoral neck (FN) and entire PF. The level of lipoprotein (a) (LPa) was significantly lower in the group of patients with OP and positively correlated with BMD in FN and entire PF. After adjustment for age, the duration of menopause, Quetelet's index, and WC/HC association remained only between LPa and FN BMD. CONCLUSION Multivariate regression analysis failed to confirm a trend towards decreased BMD and increased HDL cholesterol. This suggests that the association of HDL cholesterol with bone mass is apparently mediated by other factors and, above all, with age, postmenopausal hormonal status and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Skripnikova
- National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Abirova
- National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - P A Alyasova
- National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Alikhanova
- National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - M B Khudyakov
- National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Vygodin
- National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Umetani M. Re-adopting classical nuclear receptors by cholesterol metabolites. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 157:20-6. [PMID: 26563834 PMCID: PMC4724260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Since the first cloning of the human estrogen receptor (ER) α in 1986 and the subsequent cloning of human ERβ, there has been extensive investigation of the role of estrogen/ER. Estrogens/ER play important roles not only in sexual development and reproduction but also in a variety of other functions in multiple tissues. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) are ER lignds that act as agonists or antagonists depending on the target genes and tissues, and until recently, only synthetic SERMs have been recognized. However, the discovery of the first endogenous SERM, 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), opened a new dimension of ER action in health and disease. In addition to the identification of 27HC as a SERM, oxysterols have been recently demonstrated as indirect modulators of ER through interaction with the nuclear receptor Liver X Receptor (LXR) β. In this review, the recent progress on these novel roles of oxysterols in ER modulation is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihisa Umetani
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, SERC 545, Houston, TX 77204-5056, USA.
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Pollock NK. Childhood obesity, bone development, and cardiometabolic risk factors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 410:52-63. [PMID: 25817542 PMCID: PMC4444415 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and obesity are both major public health concerns. It has long been considered that these are distinct disorders rarely found in the same individual; however, emerging evidence supports an important interaction between adipose tissue and the skeleton. Whereas overweight per se may augment bone strength, animal studies suggest that the metabolic impairment that accompanies obesity is detrimental to bone. Obesity during childhood, a critical time for bone development, likely has profound and lasting effects on bone strength and fracture risk. This notion has received little attention in children and results are mixed, with studies reporting that bone strength development is enhanced or impaired by obesity. Whether obesity is a risk factor for osteoporosis or childhood bone health, in general, remains an important clinical question. Here, we will focus on clarifying the controversial relationships between childhood obesity and bone strength development, and provide insights into potential mechanisms that may regulate the effect of excess adiposity on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman K Pollock
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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During A, Penel G, Hardouin P. Understanding the local actions of lipids in bone physiology. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 59:126-46. [PMID: 26118851 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The adult skeleton is a metabolically active organ system that undergoes continuous remodeling to remove old and/or stressed bone (resorption) and replace it with new bone (formation) in order to maintain a constant bone mass and preserve bone strength from micro-damage accumulation. In that remodeling process, cellular balances--adipocytogenesis/osteoblastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis/osteoclastogenesis--are critical and tightly controlled by many factors, including lipids as discussed in the present review. Interest in the bone lipid area has increased as a result of in vivo evidences indicating a reciprocal relationship between bone mass and marrow adiposity. Lipids in bones are usually assumed to be present only in the bone marrow. However, the mineralized bone tissue itself also contains small amounts of lipids which might play an important role in bone physiology. Fatty acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and several endogenous metabolites (i.e., prostaglandins, oxysterols) have been purported to act on bone cell survival and functions, the bone mineralization process, and critical signaling pathways. Thus, they can be regarded as regulatory molecules important in bone health. Recently, several specific lipids derived from membrane phospholipids (i.e., sphingosine-1-phosphate, lysophosphatidic acid and different fatty acid amides) have emerged as important mediators in bone physiology and the number of such molecules will probably increase in the near future. The present paper reviews the current knowledge about: (1°) bone lipid composition in both bone marrow and mineralized tissue compartments, and (2°) local actions of lipids on bone physiology in relation to their metabolism. Understanding the roles of lipids in bone is essential to knowing how an imbalance in their signaling pathways might contribute to bone pathologies, such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrine During
- Université Lille 2, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des maladies osseuses inflammatoires (PMOI), EA4490, Faculté de Chirurgie dentaire, Lille, France.
| | - Guillaume Penel
- Université Lille 2, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des maladies osseuses inflammatoires (PMOI), EA4490, Faculté de Chirurgie dentaire, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Hardouin
- Université Lille 2, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des maladies osseuses inflammatoires (PMOI), EA4490, Faculté de Chirurgie dentaire, Lille, France; Université ULCO, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des maladies osseuses inflammatoires (PMOI), EA4490, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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López-Larramona G, Lucendo AJ, Tenías JM. Association between nutritional screening via the Controlling Nutritional Status index and bone mineral density in chronic liver disease of various etiologies. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:618-28. [PMID: 25059921 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Bone density disorders are prevalent in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), who commonly present with hepatic osteodystrophy. However, the relationship between nutritional status and bone mineral density (BMD) has been scarcely studied in CLD. METHODS This single-center, cross-sectional study included outpatients consecutively diagnosed with CLD during a 1.5-year period. The nutritional status was assessed with the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) index; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and parameters of bone mineral metabolism were carried out. Bone fracture risk was estimated with the World Health Organization FRAX tool. RESULTS Among the 126 patients recruited (58.7% male), osteopenia and osteoporosis were present in 31.1% and 10.7%, respectively. The 10-year fracture risk was significantly higher among women. Malnutrition estimated with the CONUT index was present in 29.9% of patients and was significantly more frequent in cirrhotic patients, 63.4% of whom were malnourished. Malnutrition stage directly correlated with hepatic function as expressed by the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease index. A non-significant relationship between CONUT-assessed nutritional status and BMD was documented. 25-Hydroxyvitamin-D3 (25[OH]-D3) and fracture risk correlated positively with the CONUT stage, and total cholesterol had an inverse relationship with BMD. CONCLUSION Malnutrition assessed by the CONUT was very frequent in patients with liver cirrhosis. The CONUT score inversely correlated with liver function, while malnutrition stage directly correlated with BMD, fracture risk and 25(OH)-D3. Total cholesterol showed a negative association with BMD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfredo J Lucendo
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital General de Tomelloso, Tomelloso, Spain
| | - José María Tenías
- Research Support Unit, Hospital Mancha-Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Spain
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Tian L, Yu X. Lipid metabolism disorders and bone dysfunction--interrelated and mutually regulated (review). Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:783-94. [PMID: 25760577 PMCID: PMC4438959 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between lipid and bone metabolism has become an increasing focus of interest in recent years, and accumulating evidence has shown that atherosclerosis (AS) and osteoporosis (OP), a disorder of bone metabolism, frequently co-exist. Fat and bone are known to share a common progenitor cell: Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the bone marrow (BM), which are able to differentiate into various cell phenotypes, including osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Laboratory-based and clinical trials have shown that increasing adipocytes are accompanied by a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mass. Statins, lipid-lowering drugs used to treat hyperlipidemia, also provide benefit in the treatment of OP. There is thus evidence that the metabolism of lipids is correlated with that of bone, and that the two are mutually regulated. The present review primarily focuses on the potential association between lipid metabolism disturbance and OP, based on biological metabolism, pathophysiological processes, results from clinical and experimental animal studies, processes involved in the differentiation of adipocytes and osteoblasts, as well as pharmacological treatments of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Leonova TA, Drozd VM, Saenko VA, Mine M, Biko J, Rogounovitch TI, Takamura N, Reiners C, Yamashita S. Bone mineral density in treated at a young age for differentiated thyroid cancer after Chernobyl female patients on TSH-suppressive therapy receiving or not Calcium-D3 supplementation. Endocr J 2015; 62:173-82. [PMID: 25374130 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) commonly includes TSH-suppressive therapy with L-T4 and, in case of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism, Calcium-D3 supplementation, both of which may affect skeletal health. Experience with female patients treated for DTC at a young age and who were then receiving long-term therapy with L-T4 and Calcium-D3 medication is very limited to date. This cross-sectional study set out to investigate effects of Calcium-D3 supplementation and TSH-suppressive therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) in 124 young female patients treated for DTC at a mean age of 14 years and followed-up for an average of 10 years. BMD was found to be significantly higher in patients receiving Calcium-D3 medication than in patients not taking supplements. The level of ionized calcium was the strongest factor determining lumbar spine BMD in patients not receiving Calcium-D3 supplementation. Pregnancy ending in childbirth and HDL-cholesterol were associated with a weak adverse effect on spine and femoral BMD. No evidence of adverse effects of L-T4 and of radioiodine therapies on BMD was found. We conclude that Calcium-D3 medication has a beneficial effect on BMD, and that TSH-suppressive therapy does not affect BMD in women treated for DTC at young age, at least after 10 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Leonova
- Counseling-diagnostic Department of thyroid diseases, Minsk City Clinical Oncologic Dispensary, Minsk 220013, Belarus
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Mandal CC. High Cholesterol Deteriorates Bone Health: New Insights into Molecular Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:165. [PMID: 26557105 PMCID: PMC4617053 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies show a positive connection between cardiovascular diseases and risk of osteoporosis, suggesting a role of hyperlipidemia and/or hypercholesterolemia in regulating osteoporosis. The majority of the studies indicated a correlation between high cholesterol and high LDL-cholesterol level with low bone mineral density, a strong predictor of osteoporosis. Similarly, bone metastasis is a serious complication of cancer for patients. Several epidemiological and basic studies have established that high cholesterol is associated with increased cancer risk. Moreover, osteoporotic bone environment predisposes the cancer cells for metastatic growth in the bone microenvironment. This review focuses on how cholesterol and cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins) regulate the functions of bone residential osteoblast and osteoclast cells to augment or to prevent bone deterioration. Moreover, this study provides an insight into molecular mechanisms of cholesterol-mediated bone deterioration. It also proposes a potential mechanism by which cellular cholesterol boosts cancer-induced bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandi C. Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
- *Correspondence: Chandi C. Mandal,
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Yoldemir T, Yavuz DG. Association of serum paraoxonase concentration with serum lipid levels and bone mineral density measurements in early postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2014; 18:405-10. [PMID: 25333316 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.975196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association of serum paraoxonase concentration with serum lipid levels and bone mineral density in early postmenopausal Turkish women. DESIGN One hundred healthy postmenopausal women were included in a cross-sectional study in a University hospital clinic. Blood was drawn from women who had bone mineral density (BMD) measurements during routine visits. BMD of the lumbar vertebrae was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The serum paraoxonase concentration and serum lipid levels were measured. Women were divided into two groups: those with normal lumbar vertebrae BMD and those with osteopenic lumbar vertebrae. Serum paraoxonase concentration was compared between the groups. The correlation between serum paraoxonase concentration and bone mass parameters was performed using Pearson's test. RESULTS The paraoxonase concentration in the osteopenic group was significantly lower than in the group with normal lumbar vertebrae BMD. The paraoxonase concentration was moderately correlated with total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels among early postmenopausal Turkish women. CONCLUSIONS Early postmenopausal women with osteopenic lumbar vertebrae have significantly lower paraoxonase concentration than those with normal lumbar vertebrae BMD. Further studies are needed to clarify the associations between the osteoporosis risk factors and paraoxonase concentration during late postmenopausal years.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoldemir
- *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marmara University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Hirasawa A, Makita K, Akahane T, Yamagami W, Makabe T, Yokota M, Horiba Y, Ogawa M, Yanamoto S, Deshimaru R, Tominaga E, Banno K, Susumu N, Aoki D. Osteoporosis is less frequent in endometrial cancer survivors with hypertriglyceridemia. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2014; 45:127-31. [PMID: 25324478 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyu164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported an association between dyslipidemia and endometrial cancers. Osteoporosis is also reported to relate with some cancers. A common etiologic event has been proposed between dyslipidemia and osteoporosis. However, the pattern of interrelationships among dyslipidemia, osteoporosis and endometrial cancer is not well understood. To improve the quality of life of endometrial cancer survivors, these relationships should be determined. This study included 179 Japanese menopausal women who underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, including 114 women with incident endometrial cancer and 65 without endometrial cancer. The women were categorized according to dyslipidemia status. Bone mineral density was measured and compared between groups. Osteoporosis was statistically more frequent in women with hypertriglyceridemia who did not have endometrial cancer. In contrast, osteoporosis was statistically less frequent in women with hypertriglyceridemia who had endometrial cancer. In this cross-sectional study in a Japanese population, osteoporosis was associated with hypertriglyceridemia in post-menopausal women without endometrial cancer, but was less frequent in endometrial cancer survivors with hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hirasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Makita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Akahane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamagami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Makabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Yokota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Horiba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Yanamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rhota Deshimaru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Tominaga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Banno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Susumu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Is lipid profile associated with bone mineral density and bone formation in subjects with spinal cord injury? J Osteoporos 2014; 2014:695014. [PMID: 25215260 PMCID: PMC4158290 DOI: 10.1155/2014/695014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. The association between serum lipids and bone mineral density (BMD) has been investigated previously but, up to now, these relationships have not yet been described in spinal cord injury (SCI). We tried to assess the correlation between serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and BMD in male subjects with SCI. Methods. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess BMD in femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanteric zone, and lumbar vertebras. Blood samples were taken to measure serums lipids and bone biomarkers including osteocalcin, cross-linked type I collagen (CTX), and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP). Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between mentioned measurements after adjustment for weight and age. Results. We found a positive correlation between HDL and femoral neck BMD (P: 0.004, r = 0.33). HDL was negatively correlated with osteocalcin (P: 0.017, r = -0.31) which was not in consistency with its relationship with BMD. TC and LDL were not related to CTX, BALP and BMD. Conclusion. This study does not support a strong association between serum lipids and BMD in subjects with SCI. Moreover it seems that positive association between HDL and BMD is not mediated through increased bone formation.
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Jiang XY, Cai J, Wang HB, Li X, Chen Y, Wang J, Lin RY. TNFRSF11B polymorphisms are associated with metabolic traits in Uyghur and Han ethnic groups. Endocr Res 2014; 39:34-8. [PMID: 23772656 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2013.797433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract Introduction: To test whether genetic variants of osteoprotegerin gene (TNFRSF11B) affect metabolic traits (body mass index [BMI], glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol) and bone mass traits. METHODS We conducted a population based association study to investigate associations of eight tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) of the TNFRSF11B gene with the aforementioned traits in a Chinese Han population and an ethnic group admixed with Caucasians and Asians - Uyghur. The associations between the tSNPs and bone mass density (BMD) were also tested in Han population. RESULTS We found that SNP rs3102727, located in the first intron of the TNFRSF11B gene, was significantly associated with triglyceride levels in Uyghur population and Han population simultaneously. T allele of the rs3102727 variant was associated with a 0.10 mmol/L and 0.09 mmol/L lower level of triglyceride than C allele in Uyghur (p = 0.019) and Han subjects (p = 0.037), respectively. In addition, the T allele is also associated with a lower level of hip BMD (p = 0.025) and total BMD (p = 0.048). Further, we found significant associations between SNP rs11573869 and BMI in Uyghur subjects and SNP rs3134062 with hip BMD in Han sbujects. Rs11573869-T allele was associated with a 0.81 kg/m(2) lower level of BMI than C allele (p = 0.002) and the hip BMD decreases with the copy of rs3134062-T allele increases (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION We detected novel associations between TNFRSF11B polymorphisms and metabolic traits in Uyghur and Han populations. In addition, we found associations between TNFRSF11B polymorphisms and bone mass traits in Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Basic Research in Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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31
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Yerges-Armstrong LM, Shen H, Ryan KA, Streeten EA, Shuldiner AR, Mitchell BD. Decreased bone mineral density in subjects carrying familial defective apolipoprotein B-100. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E1999-2005. [PMID: 24106285 PMCID: PMC3849668 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although numerous epidemiologic studies have documented associations between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, the mechanisms underlying this association remain to be clarified. One hypothesis is that hyperlipidemia may be a common predisposing factor to both atherosclerotic heart disease and bone fragility. OBJECTIVE To evaluate this, we compared bone mineral density (BMD) between subjects with and without the R3500Q APOB mutation, the cause of familial defective apolipoprotein B-100, which has been previously shown to markedly increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). We hypothesized that R3500Q carriers would have lower BMD due to lifetime, elevated LDL-C. DESIGN This was a a cross-sectional study in the Old Order Amish (OOA) population. PARTICIPANTS The R3500Q APOB mutation is present at a high frequency (∼6% vs <0.5%) in the OOA population due to a founder effect. Therefore, we conducted analysis on 1097 Amish individuals of whom 125 were R3500Q carriers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE BMD was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS After adjusting for age, age(2), sex, body mass index, and family structure, carriers for the Q risk allele had significantly lower BMD than noncarriers at the femoral neck (P = .037), lumbar spine (P = .035) and whole body (P = .016). Adjusting for LDL-C attenuated the association between R3500Q genotype and BMD but did not completely explain the relationship. Subgroup analyses showed no significant interactions with sex, age, or presence of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION These results use the unique genetic architecture of the OOA population to provide a novel line of evidence supporting a causal role for elevated LDL-C in lowering BMD.
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Poiana C, Radoi V, Carsote M, Bilezikian JP. New Clues that May Link Osteoporosis to the Circulating Lipid Profile. Bone Res 2013; 1:260-6. [PMID: 26273507 DOI: 10.4248/br201303004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is a gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and is also important in the assessment of fracture risk. Other risk factors have been identified that together make up fracture risk assessment tools such as FRAX. Another potential factor, circulating lipids, has been suggested because of reports linking statins to fracture risk reduction. We analyzed the lipid profile in a cohort of women diagnosed with postmenopausal osteoporosis based on bone density determination: 610 women with osteoporosis (mean lumbar spine T-score -3.16±0.81, mean yrs. since menopause 15.79±8.9) were grouped according to age at evaluation (< 50 years, 51-60 years, 61-70 years, > 70 years), the presence/absence of a history of a fragility fracture, statin and/or antiresorptive drug use. There was no correlation between BMD and Body Mass Index (BMI: P>0.05, r (2)<0.02). However, when BMD was correlated with both BMI and the lipid profile (Triglycerides, Cholesterol, LDLc, HDLc), significant correlations were found in 5 cohorts: 51-60 years with fractures (n=61, r (2)=0.14, P<0.01), 61-70 years (n=201, r (2)=0.09, P<0.01) with fractures (n=88, r (2)=0.14, P<0.01) or without fractures (n=113, r (2)=0.24, P=0.02) and over 70 years (n=247, r (2)=0.11, P<0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Poiana
- "C. I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest , Bucharest, Romania ; University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest , Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentin Radoi
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest , Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mara Carsote
- "C. I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest , Bucharest, Romania ; University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest , Bucharest, Romania
| | - John P Bilezikian
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University , New York, NY USA
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Ma X, Meng J, Jia M, Bi L, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Hu J, He G, Luo X. Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, prevents osteopenia by promoting bone formation and suppressing bone resorption in aged ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:1641-52. [PMID: 23427056 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis mainly affects postmenopausal women and older men. Gastrointestinal hormones released after meal ingestion, such as glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2, have been shown to regulate bone turnover. However, whether GLP-1, another important gastrointestinal hormone, and its analogues also have antiosteoporotic effects, especially in aged postmenopausal situation, has not been confirmed. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis in old rats. Twelve-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to OVX, and exendin-4 was administrated 4 weeks after the surgery and lasted for 16 weeks. Bone characters and related serum and gene biomarkers were analyzed. Sixteen weeks of treatment with exendin-4 slowed down body weight gain by decreasing fat mass and prevented the loss of bone mass in old OVX rats. Exendin-4 also enhanced bone strength and prevented the deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture. Moreover, exendin-4 decreased the urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD)/creatinine ratio and serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX-I) and increased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), and N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) levels, key biochemical markers of bone turnover. Interestingly, gene expression results further showed that exendin-4 not only inhibited bone resorption by increasing the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) ratio, but also promoted bone formation by increasing the expression of OC, Col1, Runx2, and ALP, which exhibited dual regulatory effects on bone turnover as compared with previous antiosteoporotic agents. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated for the first time the antiosteoporotic effects of exendin-4 in old OVX rats and that it might be a potential candidate for treatment of aged postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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34
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Goes P, Melo IM, Silva LMCM, Benevides NMB, Alencar NMN, Ribeiro RA, Lima V. Low-dose combination of alendronate and atorvastatin reduces ligature-induced alveolar bone loss in rats. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:45-54. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Goes
- Department of Clinical Dentistry; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza, Ceará Brazil
| | - I. M. Melo
- Department of Clinical Dentistry; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza, Ceará Brazil
| | - L. M. C. M. Silva
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Biology; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza, Ceará Brazil
| | - N. M. B. Benevides
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Biology; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza, Ceará Brazil
| | - N. M. N. Alencar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
| | - R. A. Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
| | - V. Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
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35
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Li H, Guo H, Li H. Cholesterol loading affects osteoblastic differentiation in mouse mesenchymal stem cells. Steroids 2013; 78:426-33. [PMID: 23395977 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Effects of cholesterol on osteoblastic differentiation was evaluated in mouse bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Cholesterol-treated MSCs showed a stimulated differentiation process with induced mRNA and protein levels of osteogenic lineage markers, increased alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and more mineralized nodules. However, the stimulation extent was reduced when incubating the cells with cholesterol plus the ACAT (acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase) inhibitor Sandoz58035 or SiRNA-ACAT1 [which blocks the esterification of free cholesterol (FC) to cholesteryl ester (CE)], indicating the osteogenic potency of cholesterol was mostly due to CE levels. The key role of BMP2 and Runx2 in the effects of cholesterol on MSC osteogenesis was elucidated. These results point to cholesterol as a modulator of osteoblastic differentiation, which separate cholesterol itself from other components of modified lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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36
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Nelson ER, Wardell SE, McDonnell DP. The molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological actions of estrogens, SERMs and oxysterols: implications for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Bone 2013; 53:42-50. [PMID: 23168292 PMCID: PMC3552054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen therapy and hormone therapy are effective options for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, although because of their significant side effect profile, long term use for these applications is not recommended. Whereas SERMs (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators) exhibit a more favorable side effect profile, the currently available medicines in this class are substantially less effective in bone than classical estrogens. However, the results of substantial efforts that have gone into defining the mechanisms that underlie the pharmacology of estrogens, antiestrogens and SERMs have informed the development of the next generation of SERMs and have led to the development of TSECs (Tissue Selective Estrogen Complexes), a new class of ER-modulator. Further, the recent determination that the oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol functions as an endogenous SERM has highlighted an unexpected link between hypercholesterolemia and bone biology and must be considered in any discussions of ER-pharmacology. This review considers the most recent progress in our understanding of ER pharmacology and how this has and will be translated into new medicines for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Makovey J, Macara M, Chen JS, Hayward CS, March L, Sambrook PN. High osteoporotic fracture risk and CVD risk co-exist in postmenopausal women. Bone 2013; 52:120-5. [PMID: 23023015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis related risk factors such as BMD have been associated with cardiovascular endpoints in previous studies but there have been no studies of integrated risk using risk factor algorithms. METHODS A sample of 358 peri- and postmenopausal women, mean age 59.3 (range 45-74) years were studied. Each individual had bone mineral density (BMD) measurements by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fracture risk was assessed using the WHO FRAX algorithm and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk using the Framingham Risk Tool. RESULTS Women with higher 10 year risk of major osteoporotic had significantly higher cardiovascular risk (4.634% vs 8.36%, p=0.001). In multiple regression analysis, 5-year CVD risk was significantly associated with the 10-year risk of having major osteoporotic (β=0.095, p=0.001) and hip (β=0.055, p=0.001) fracture. Women with the highest CVD risk were 5.4 times more likely to have higher risk of major osteoporotic fracture. CONCLUSIONS Fracture risk, determined by using a multiple risk factor algorithm such as FRAX, was positively associated with higher cardiovascular risk determined by using the Framingham Risk Tool. Awareness regarding these concurrent risk factors needs to be raised so that appropriate risk reduction can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Makovey
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Makovey J, Macara M, Chen JS, Hayward CS, March L, Seibel MJ, Sambrook PN. Serum uric acid plays a protective role for bone loss in peri- and postmenopausal women: a longitudinal study. Bone 2013; 52:400-6. [PMID: 23111314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress has been linked to osteoporosis. Serum uric acid (UA), a strong endogenous antioxidant, has been associated with higher bone mineral density (BMD), lower bone turnover and lower prevalence of fractures in a large cross-sectional study of men. Whether this relationship is present in women and how UA relates to changes in BMD longitudinally has not been examined. METHODS A sample of 356 peri- and postmenopausal women, mean age 60.5 years was studied. Each individual had baseline BMD and body composition measurements by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and at least one repeat measure, on average 9.7 years later. Annual rate of change in BMD (A%ΔBMD) was calculated. UA was measured at each DXA visit. Calciotropic hormones and bone turnover markers were measured at the final visit only. RESULTS Cross-sectional data analyses revealed that women with higher UA levels had significantly higher absolute BMD measures at all skeletal sites. These women also had higher measures of body weight and its components such as lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM). Results of multiple regression analyses showed a positive association between UA and BMD that remained significant even after accounting for possible confounders including LM and FM. Regression analyses of the longitudinal BMD data demonstrated significant associations between serum UA levels and annual rates of change in BMD at all skeletal sites. After adjustment associations remained significant for lumbar spine, forearm and whole body BMD but not for hip BMD. CONCLUSION Higher serum UA levels appear to be protective for bone loss in peri- and postmenopausal women and this relationship is not affected by changes in body composition measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Makovey
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Relation between bone density and certain parameters of lipid status in postmenopausal women. Open Med (Wars) 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11536-012-0044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of the paper was to examine the relation between bone density and certain parameters of lipid status in postmenopausal women. The research involved 300 women referred to densitometric examination as they belonged to the risk group of postmenopausal women. All the examinees had the following biochemical parameters determined: total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, glycemia, serum Ca and P. Univariate logistic regression analyses showed that each year of age, menopause duration, AH are significantly connected to risk increase for the appearance of osteopenia or osteoporosis. Increase in values of SBP, DBP, cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride are connected with significant risk increase for the appearance of osteopenia or osteoporosis. Patients with AH are connected to 11 times elevated risk for the appearance of osteopenia or osteoporosis, cigarette smoking increased the risk by seven times, physical inactivity even by 52 times, CVD in the family anamnesis by eight times, and osteoporosis in the family anamnesis is connected to the risk by four times. In our research, atherogenic lipoproteins negatively correlate with lumbar bone density. Disturbed lipide status is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but also a risk factor for the appearance of osteoporosis.
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Pliatsika P, Antoniou A, Alexandrou A, Panoulis C, Kouskouni E, Augoulea A, Dendrinos S, Aravantinos L, Creatsa M, Lambrinoudaki I. Serum lipid levels and bone mineral density in Greek postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28:655-60. [PMID: 22324476 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2011.650766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contradictory results have been reported regarding a relationship between serum lipid levels and bone mineral density. The purpose of this study was to further investigate a possible relationship between those parameters in Greek postmenopausal women. A total of 591 patients followed at a tertiary hospital were examined for seven different lipid factors in relation to dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry measurements at the lumbar spine. Lipoprotein-a was the only lipid measurement that univariately showed an almost significant trend of association with bone mass category (analysis of variance [ANOVA] p value 0.062 for Ln(Lipoprotein-a)). In multiple regression, it was noted that a non-significant negative trend of association of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and Apolipoprotein AI with lumbar T-score (p value 0.058 and 0.075, respectively). In age subgroup analysis, Lipoprotein-a and Ln(Lipoprotein-a) presented a negative correlation with lumbar T-score for women with age ≥ 53 years (p value 0.043 and 0.070, respectively), while a negative correlation of HDL and Apolipoprotein AI levels with lumbar T-score remained in women with age < 53 years (p value 0.039 and 0.052, respectively). The findings do not support a strong relationship between lipid levels and bone mass measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Pliatsika
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Winhofer Y, Kiefer FW, Handisurya A, Tura A, Klein K, Schneider B, Marculescu R, Wagner OF, Pacini G, Luger A, Stulnig TM, Kautzky-Willer A. CTX (crosslaps) rather than osteopontin is associated with disturbed glucose metabolism in gestational diabetes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40947. [PMID: 22844418 PMCID: PMC3402470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Reciprocal interaction between bone and glucose metabolism might play a pivotal role in the development of type 2 diabetes. We recently demonstrated that osteocalcin is increased in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) compared to healthy pregnant women and related to enhanced insulin secretion. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of the bone resorption marker CTX and osteopontin (OPN), a key molecule in subclinical inflammation underlying insulin resistance, in gestational diabetes. Methods Insulin sensitivity and secretion (derived from OGTT) as well as CTX and osteopontin were investigated in 26 GDM and 52 women with normal glucose tolerance during pregnancy [CON] between 24th and 28th gestational weeks; 24 women also underwent postpartum examination. Results CTX was significantly higher in GDM compared to CON (0.44±0.20 vs.0.28±0.12 ng/ml, p<.0001) and positively correlated with osteocalcin (R = 0.64, p<.0001) and parameters of insulin secretion. Osteopontin plasma concentrations were decreased in GDM compared to CON (28.81±22.12 vs.37.68±19.63 ng/ml, p = 0.04), and did not show any relation to insulin secretion or sensitivity, but were significantly correlated with CRP (R = 0.3, p<0.007) and liver enzymes. Twelve weeks after delivery CTX and OPN were increased compared to pregnancy (both p<.0001) and did not differ between GDM and CON. Conclusion Our findings support the idea of a tight regulation between bone and glucose metabolism, and suggest, that less curbed CTX during pregnancy might be involved in osteocalcin-mediated amelioration of insulin secretion in GDM. On the other hand, osteopontin was unrelated to insulin resistance in GDM, but associated with inflammatory markers and liver enzymes in all women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Winhofer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian W. Kiefer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ammon Handisurya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Tura
- Metabolic Unit, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Katharina Klein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Schneider
- CeMSIIS, Section of Medical Statistics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodrig Marculescu
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oswald F. Wagner
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Metabolic Unit, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Anton Luger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas M. Stulnig
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler-Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Go JH, Song YM, Park JH, Park JY, Choi YH. Association between Serum Cholesterol Level and Bone Mineral Density at Lumbar Spine and Femur Neck in Postmenopausal Korean Women. Korean J Fam Med 2012; 33:166-73. [PMID: 22787539 PMCID: PMC3391642 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2012.33.3.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood lipid profiles have been suggested to be a risk factor for osteoporosis. However, the association between lipid profiles and bone mineral density (BMD) is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate an association between blood lipid profiles and BMD through both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study. METHODS Study subjects were 958 postmenopausal Korean women who have repeatedly undertaken laboratory tests and BMD measurements at lumbar spine and femur neck with an interval of 7.1 years. The associations between lipid profiles and BMD were examined using Spearman correlation analysis with an adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, body mass index, and follow-up duration. RESULTS Lumbar spine BMD was not associated with total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HLD-C) regardless of when the measurement was performed. In an analysis using data measured at the beginning of the study, femur neck BMD was not associated with TC and LDL-C. However, femur neck BMD showed weak but significantly positive correlation with HDL-C (correlation coefficient, 0.077; 95% confidence interval, 0.005 to 0.149). When the analysis was repeated with data measured at the end of the follow-up, there was no significant correlation between femur neck BMD and any lipid profile. In addition, change in femur neck BMD during follow-up was not associated with the change in lipid profiles. CONCLUSION Although further study with a consideration of calcium intake and osteoporosis medication seems necessary, this study found no association between serum lipid profiles and BMD in postmenopausal Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ho Go
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Nelson ER, DuSell CD, Wang X, Howe MK, Evans G, Michalek RD, Umetani M, Rathmell JC, Khosla S, Gesty-Palmer D, McDonnell DP. The oxysterol, 27-hydroxycholesterol, links cholesterol metabolism to bone homeostasis through its actions on the estrogen and liver X receptors. Endocrinology 2011; 152:4691-705. [PMID: 21933863 PMCID: PMC3230052 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and age-related bone loss are important public health concerns. Therefore, there is a high level of interest in the development of medical interventions and lifestyle changes that reduce the incidence of osteoporosis and age-related bone loss. Decreased bone mineral density is associated with high cholesterol, and patients on statins have increased bone mineral densities, strongly implicating cholesterol as a negative regulator of bone homeostasis. In this study, using both molecular and pharmacological approaches, we have been able to demonstrate that the primary cholesterol metabolite, 27-hydroxycholesterol, through its actions on both estrogen receptors and liver X receptors, decreases osteoblast differentiation and enhances osteoclastogenesis, resulting in increased bone resorbtion in mice. Induction of the short heterodimer partner protein by estrogens in osteoblasts can attenuate the liver X receptor-mediated actions of 27-hydroxycholesterol in bone. These data establish a mechanistic link between cholesterol and bone quality, highlight an unexpected target of estrogens in osteoblasts, and define a signaling axis, the therapeutic exploitation of which is likely to yield novel antiosteoporotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Nelson
- Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3813, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Pollock NK, Bernard PJ, Gutin B, Davis CL, Zhu H, Dong Y. Adolescent obesity, bone mass, and cardiometabolic risk factors. J Pediatr 2011; 158:727-34. [PMID: 21232765 PMCID: PMC3383822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare bone mass between overweight adolescents with and without cardiometabolic risk factors (CMR). Associations of bone mass with CMR and adiposity were also determined. STUDY DESIGN Adolescents (aged 14 to 18 years) who were overweight were classified as healthy (n = 55), having one CMR (1CMR; n = 46), or having two or more CMR (≥2CMR; n = 42). CMRs were measured with standard methods and defined according to pediatric definitions of metabolic syndrome. Total body bone mass, fat mass, and fat-free soft tissue mass were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS After controlling for age, sex, race, height, and fat-free soft tissue mass, the healthy group had 5.4% and 6.3% greater bone mass than the 1CMR and ≥2CMR groups, respectively (both P values <.04). With multiple linear regression, adjusting for the same co-variates, visceral adipose tissue (β = -0.22), waist circumference (β = -0.23), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (β = -0.23), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (β = 0.22) were revealed to be associated with bone mass (all P values <.04). There was a trend toward a significant inverse association between bone mass and fasting glucose level (P = .056). No relations were found between bone mass and fat mass, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, blood pressure, or triglyceride level. CONCLUSION Being overweight with metabolic abnormalities, particularly insulin resistance, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and visceral adiposity, may adversely influence adolescent bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman K Pollock
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Paul J Bernard
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bernard Gutin
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Catherine L Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Haidong Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
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Trimpou P, Odén A, Simonsson T, Wilhelmsen L, Landin-Wilhelmsen K. High serum total cholesterol is a long-term cause of osteoporotic fracture. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:1615-20. [PMID: 20821192 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Risk factors for osteoporotic fractures were evaluated in 1,396 men and women for a period of 20 years. Serum total cholesterol was found to be an independent osteoporotic fracture risk factor whose predictive power improves with time. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term risk factors for osteoporotic fracture. METHODS A population random sample of men and women aged 25-64 years (the Gothenburg WHO MONICA project, N = 1,396, 53% women) was studied prospectively. The 1985 baseline examination recorded physical activity at work and during leisure time, psychological stress, smoking habits, coffee consumption, BMI, waist/hip ratio, blood pressure, total, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and fibrinogen. Osteoporotic fractures over a period of 20 years were retrieved from the Gothenburg hospital registers. Poisson regression was used to analyze the predictive power for osteoporotic fracture of each risk factor. RESULTS A total number of 258 osteoporotic fractures occurred in 143 participants (10.2%). As expected, we found that previous fracture, smoking, coffee consumption, and lower BMI each increase the risk for osteoporotic fracture independently of age and sex. More unexpectedly, we found that the gradient of risk of serum total cholesterol to predict osteoporotic fracture significantly increases over time (p = 0.0377). CONCLUSIONS Serum total cholesterol is an independent osteoporotic fracture risk factor whose predictive power improves with time. High serum total cholesterol is a long-term cause of osteoporotic fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Trimpou
- Section for Endocrinology, Institution of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Umetani M, Shaul PW. 27-Hydroxycholesterol: the first identified endogenous SERM. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2011; 22:130-5. [PMID: 21353593 PMCID: PMC3070823 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OHC) classically delivers sterols from peripheral tissues to the liver and is a substrate for bile acid synthesis. Recent studies have revealed that 27OHC also binds to and modifies the function of estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. Experiments in mice lacking the enzyme which synthesizes 27OHC, CYP27A1, or the enzyme which catabolizes 27OHC, CYP7B1, have demonstrated that 27OHC adversely affects estrogen-related cardiovascular protection and bone mineralization. Work in breast cancer cells further indicates that 27OHC alters ER target gene expression to promote cell growth. Therefore, 27OHC is the first identified endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and could have an important impact upon the cardiovascular system, bone biology, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihisa Umetani
- Division of Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Philip W. Shaul
- Division of Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
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Chen JS, Hogan C, Lyubomirsky G, Sambrook PN. Women with cardiovascular disease have increased risk of osteoporotic fracture. Calcif Tissue Int 2011; 88:9-15. [PMID: 21046091 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether women with cardiovascular disease (CVD) would have an increased risk of fractures as osteoporosis and CVD share many common risk factors. From February 2006 to January 2007, 17,033 women aged ≥50 years (mean 71.8, range 50-106) were recruited by 1,248 primary care practitioners and interviewed by trained nurses. For each woman, 10-year probability of a future major osteoporotic fracture was estimated using the World Health Organization Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX). The study showed that the 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture was higher for 6,219 CVD women compared to 10,814 non-CVD women after adjustment for age, BMI, current smoking, and alcohol use (adjusted geometric means 14.3 and 13.8%, respectively; P < 0.001). With regard to high risk of fracture (i.e., 10-year probability ≥ 20%), the adjusted odds ratio for CVD was 1.23 (95% CI 1.13-1.35, P < 0.001). However, compared to non-CVD women, CVD women were more likely to report a previous fracture, to have a secondary osteoporosis, and to use glucocorticoids. Among the 4,678 women who were classified as having a high fracture risk, current use rate of bone-related medications (i.e., any one of bisphosphonates, raloxifene, PTH, vitamin D, calcium, or hormone therapy) was 50.2% in the CVD group and 56.9% in the non-CVD group. Women with CVD were at increased risk of fracture partly due to bone-specific risk factors such as history of previous fracture, use of glucocorticoids, and secondary osteoporosis. This risk is not being treated appropriately by primary health physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng Chen
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research (Institute of Bone & Joint Research), Sydney Medical School, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
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Vasilkova O, Mokhort T, Sanec I, Sharshakova T, Hayashida N, Takamura N. Testosterone is an independent determinant of bone mineral density in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49:99-103. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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49
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Jeong IK, Cho SW, Kim SW, Choi HJ, Park KS, Kim SY, Lee HK, Cho SH, Oh BH, Shin CS. Lipid profiles and bone mineral density in pre- and postmenopausal women in Korea. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 87:507-12. [PMID: 20976443 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been hypothesized that an atherogenic lipid profile might be associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD), the previous results are controversial. We investigated the association between lipid profile and BMD in premenopausal and postmenopausal women in a large Korean population. This study considered 10,402 women who underwent measurements of lipid profile and BMD from October 2003 to October 2005 at Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital. Participants with potential confounding factors affecting BMD (n = 3,128) were excluded. The associations between lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein [LDL-C] and high-density lipoprotein [HDL-C] cholesterol, and triglyceride [TG]) and BMD at various skeletal sites (lumbar spine [L1-L4], proximal total hip, femoral neck, and trochanter) were explored by Pearson's correlation and partial correlation, adjusting for age, body mass index, and menarche age. Multiple linear regression analyses adjusting for all other covariates were also performed. Data on 4,613 premenopausal and 2,661 postmenopausal women aged 20-91 years were finally included in the analysis. In multivariate analyses, there was no significant relationship between lipid profiles and BMD, except that HDL-C was positively associated with BMD at only the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women and that the quartiles of TG were negatively associated with BMD at the total hip and trochanter in only premenopausal women. We conclude that although there were some weak associations between lipid profiles and BMD, the results of this study hardly support the hypothesis that an atherogenic lipid profile is associated with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Kyong Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
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50
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Tong TYY, Yong RYY, Goh VHH, Liang S, Chong APL, Mok HPP, Yong EL, Yap EPH, Moochhala S. Association between an intronic apolipoprotein E polymorphism and bone mineral density in Singaporean Chinese females. Bone 2010; 47:503-10. [PMID: 20546958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE To investigate possible association of the non-classical APOE gene +113C/G (rs440446) intron 1 enhancer polymorphism with bone mineral density (BMD) in a homogeneous Chinese population in Singapore. METHODS A total of 655 volunteers, males and females, aged between 31 and 72 years, from the public participated. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and APOE +113C/G (rs440446) genotypes were determined by Sequenom MassARRAY system. To adjust for potential confounders, anthropometric, demographic, and lifestyle determinants were obtained, and serum lipids and E(2) were measured. RESULTS The +113C/G (rs440446) polymorphism within the APOE gene was associated with BMD in Chinese Singaporean females only. Females with the heterozygous CG genotype were significantly associated with reduced total, lumbar spine, and femoral neck of hip BMD, after multilevel adjustment of confounders. The association was stronger in the spine than in the hip. When females were stratified according to WHO classification for osteoporosis, those with CG and GG genotypes had increased risk (OR 3.50 and 2.22, respectively) of developing osteopenia/osteoporosis in the lumbar spine. Serum lipids did not explain the influence of APOE +113 C/G (rs440446) on BMD. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated an association between APOE +113C/G (rs440446) polymorphism with measures of BMD in Singaporean Chinese females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Y Y Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, 119074, Singapore.
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