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Lemke S, de Andrade DF, de Fragas Hinnig P, da Silva SA, Vincenzi SL, Roberto DMT, Lobo AS, Vieira FGK, Di Pietro PF, de Assis MAA. Development and application of the Meal and Snack Assessment (MESA) quality scale for children and adolescents using item response theory. Nutr J 2024; 23:50. [PMID: 38745270 PMCID: PMC11092231 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meals differ in terms of food items and nutritional quality. The aim of the present study was to propose a scale to measure the meals quality of schoolchildren according to food processing degree, perform a preliminary evaluation of the scale's validity and reliability and apply the scale to a representative sample of schoolchildren in a city in southern Brazil. METHODS A methodological study based on the generalized graded unfolding model (GGUM) of item response theory (IRT) with analysis of secondary data was carried out in 6,399 schoolchildren of 6-15y-old attending 2nd to 5th grades of public elementary schools in Florianópolis, Brazil, in 2013-2015 who answered the validated Food Intake and Physical Activities of Schoolchildren (WebCAAFE) questionnaire. Meal quality was the latent trait. The steps for the development of the scale included: latent trait definition; item generation; dimensionality analysis; estimation of item parameters; scale levels definition; assessment of validity and reliability; and assessment of the meal quality of a subsample of schoolchildren aged 7 to 12 years (n = 6,372). RESULTS Eleven out of eighteen items had adequate parameters, without differential item functioning for sex or age. Meal quality was categorized into three levels: healthy, mixed, and unhealthy. Higher scores indicate a greater prevalence of ultra-processed foods in daily meals. Most schoolchildren had mixed (40.6%) and unhealthy (41%) meal patterns. CONCLUSIONS IRT analysis allowed the development of the scale, which measures the quality of meals and snacks based on the degree of food processing. At all snack times, there was a higher frequency of ultra-processed foods consumption, therefore foods consumed as snacks are a potential focus for nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Lemke
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Dalton Francisco de Andrade
- Informatics and Statistics Department, Technological Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Fragas Hinnig
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Silvio Aparecido da Silva
- Knowledge Management Department, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Silvana Ligia Vincenzi
- Informatics and Statistics Department, Technological Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Denise Miguel Teixeira Roberto
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Adriana Soares Lobo
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Francilene Gracieli Kunradi Vieira
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Patricia Faria Di Pietro
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-370, Brazil.
| | - Maria Alice Altenburg de Assis
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Phoi YY, Bonham MP, Rogers M, Dorrian J, Coates AM. Construct validity and test-retest reliability of a chrononutrition questionnaire for shift work and non-shift work populations. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:669-683. [PMID: 38666461 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2342937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The irregular eating patterns of both shift workers and evening chronotypes adversely affect cardiometabolic health. A tool that conveniently captures temporal patterns of eating alongside an indicator of circadian rhythm such as chronotype will enable researchers to explore relationships with diverse health outcome measures. We aimed to investigate the test-retest reliability and convergent validity of a Chrononutrition Questionnaire (CNQ) that captures temporal patterns of eating and chronotype in the general population (non-shift workers, university students, retirees, unemployed individuals) and shift work population. Participants attended two face-to-face/virtual sessions and completed the CNQ and food/sleep/work diaries. Outcomes included subjective chronotype, wake/sleep/mid-sleep time, sleep duration, meal/snack regularity, meal/snack/total frequency, times of first/last/largest eating occasions (EO), main meal (MM) 1/2/3, and duration of eating window (DEW). 116 participants enrolled (44.5 ± 16.5 years, BMI: 27.3 ± 5.8 kg/m2, 73% female, 52% general population); 105 completed the study. Reliability was acceptable for chronotype, sleep, and all temporal eating patterns except on night shifts. Convergent validity was good for chronotype and sleep except for certain shift/shift-free days. Generally, meal/snack regularity and frequency, and times of first/last EO showed good validity for the general population but not shift workers. Validity was good for DEW (except work-free days and afternoon shifts) and times of MM 1/2/3 (except afternoon and night shifts), while time of largest EO had poor validity. The CNQ has good test-retest reliability and acceptable convergent validity for the general and shift work population, although it will benefit from further validation, especially regarding regularity, frequency, and times of first and last eating occasions across more days amongst a larger sample size of shift workers. Use of the CNQ by researchers will expand our current understanding of chrononutrition as relationships between timing of food intake and the multitude of health outcomes are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yin Phoi
- Allied Health and Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maxine P Bonham
- Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Be Active Sleep Eat (BASE) Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michelle Rogers
- Allied Health and Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jillian Dorrian
- Justice and Society, Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alison M Coates
- Allied Health and Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Long Y, Huang L, Su J, Yoshida Y, Feng K, Gasparatos A. Mixed diets can meet nutrient requirements with lower carbon footprints. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh1077. [PMID: 38598638 PMCID: PMC11006225 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Achieving sustainable dietary change is essential for safeguarding human and environmental health. However, dietary recommendations based on broad food groups may not accurately reflect real-world realities because individuals select and consume dishes with multiple food items influenced by diverse context-specific factors. Therefore, here we explored the sustainability trade-offs of dietary choices at the dish level through an optimization modeling approach tested in Japan. We estimated the nutritional quality, price, and carbon footprint of major Japanese dishes and examined 16 dietary scenarios to identify options that meet the nutritional requirements and minimize carbon footprint. Overall, mixed diets contain more combinations of dishes that meet nutritional requirements with lower carbon footprints compared to more restrictive dietary scenarios. We argue that the approach developed here enables a better understanding of dietary trade-offs, complements existing methods, and helps identify sustainable diets by offering nuanced information at the national and sub-national levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Long
- Department of Technology Management for Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Liqiao Huang
- Department of Technology Management for Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jie Su
- Institute for Future Initiatives (IFI), University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, 113-8654 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Yoshida
- Department of Technology Management for Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuishuang Feng
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Alexandros Gasparatos
- Institute for Future Initiatives (IFI), University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, 113-8654 Tokyo, Japan
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Cooke CB, Greatwood HC, McCullough D, Kirwan R, Duckworth LC, Sutton L, Gately PJ. The effect of discretionary snack consumption on overall energy intake, weight status, and diet quality: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13693. [PMID: 38226404 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The consumption frequency and portion size of discretionary snacks are thought to contribute to a greater food intake and risk of overweight or obesity in the developed world but evidence from epidemiological studies is inconclusive. To investigate this, we systematically evaluated evidence on the effects of discretionary snack consumption on weight status, energy intake, and diet quality. Articles involving discretionary snacks reported against the outcome measures of any primary, peer-reviewed study using human participants from free-living conditions for all age groups were included. A total of 14,780 titles were identified and 40 eligible publications were identified. Three key outcomes were reported: weight status (n = 35), energy intake (n = 11), and diet quality (n = 3). Increased discretionary snack consumption may contribute modestly to energy intake, however, there is a lack of consistent associations with increased weight/BMI. Although cross-sectional analyses offered conflicting findings, longitudinal studies in adults showed a consistent positive relationship between discretionary snack intake and increasing weight or body mass index. Given that experimental findings suggest reducing the size of discretionary snacks could lead to decreased consumption and subsequent energy intake, food policy makers and manufacturers may find it valuable to consider altering the portion and/or packaging size of discretionary snacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlton B Cooke
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Richard Kirwan
- School of Sports and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Louise Sutton
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul J Gately
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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Rahkola J, Lehtimäki AV, Abdollahi AM, Merikanto I, Vepsäläinen H, Björkqvist J, Roos E, Erkkola M, Lehto R. Association of the timing of evening eating with BMI Z-score and waist-to-height ratio among preschool-aged children in Finland. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:911-920. [PMID: 37905570 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Later timing of eating has been associated with higher adiposity among adults and children in several studies, but not all. Moreover, studies in younger children are scarce. Hence, this study investigated the associations of the timing of evening eating with BMI Z-score and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and whether these associations were moderated by chronotype among 627 preschoolers (3-6-year-olds) from the cross-sectional DAGIS survey in Finland. Food intake was measured with 3-d food records, and sleep was measured with hip-worn actigraphy. Three variables were formed to describe the timing of evening eating: (1) clock time of the last eating occasion (EO); (2) time between the last EO and sleep onset; and (3) percentage of total daily energy intake (%TDEI) consumed 2 h before sleep onset or later. Chronotype was assessed as a sleep debt-corrected midpoint of sleep on the weekend (actigraphy data). The data were analysed with adjusted linear mixed effects models. After adjusting for several confounders, the last EO occurring closer to sleep onset (estimate = -0·006, 95 % CI (-0·010, -0·001)) and higher %TDEI consumed before sleep onset (estimate = 0·0004, 95 % CI (0·00003, 0·0007)) were associated with higher WHtR. No associations with BMI Z-score were found after adjustments. Clock time of the last EO was not significantly associated with the outcomes, and no interactions with chronotype emerged. The results highlight the importance of studying the timing of eating relative to sleep timing instead of only as clock time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Rahkola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, Helsinki, 00250, Finland
| | | | - Anna M Abdollahi
- University of Helsinki, Department of Food and Nutrition, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Orton Orthopedics Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Vepsäläinen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Food and Nutrition, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Josefine Björkqvist
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, Helsinki, 00250, Finland
- University of Aberdeen, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, Helsinki, 00250, Finland
- Uppsala University, Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- University of Helsinki, Department of Food and Nutrition, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reetta Lehto
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, Helsinki, 00250, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Department of Food and Nutrition, Helsinki, Finland
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O'Connor SG, O'Connor LE, Higgins KA, Bell BM, Krueger ES, Rawal R, Hartmuller R, Reedy J, Shams-White MM. Conceptualization and Assessment of 24-H Timing of Eating and Energy Intake: A Methodological Systematic Review of the Chronic Disease Literature. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100178. [PMID: 38242444 PMCID: PMC10877687 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Timing of eating (TOE) and energy intake (TOEI) has important implications for chronic disease risk beyond diet quality. The 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee recommended developing consistent terminology to address the lack of TOE/TOEI standardization. The primary objective of this methodological systematic review was to characterize the conceptualization and assessment of TOE/TOEI within the chronic disease literature (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews registration number: CRD42021236621). Literature searches in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Plus, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus were limited to English language publications from 2000 to August 2022. Eligible studies reported the association between TOE/TOEI and obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, or a related clinical risk factor among adults (≥19 y) in observational and intervention studies. A qualitative synthesis described and compared TOE/TOEI conceptualization, definitions, and assessment methods across studies. Of the 7579 unique publications identified, 259 studies (observational [51.4 %], intervention [47.5 %], or both [1.2 %]) were eligible for inclusion. Key findings indicated that most studies (49.6 %) were conducted in the context of obesity and body weight. TOE/TOEI variables or assigned conditions conceptualized interrelated aspects of time and eating or energy intake in varying ways. Common TOE/TOEI conceptualizations included the following: 1) timepoint (specific time to represent when intake occurs, such as time of breakfast [74.8 %]); 2) duration (length of time or interval when intake does/does not occur, such as "eating window" [56.5 %]); 3) distribution (proportion of daily intake at a given time interval, such as "percentage of energy before noon" [29.8 %]); and 4) cluster (grouping individuals based on temporal ingestive characteristics [5.0 %]). Assessment, definition, and operationalization of 24-h TOE/TOEI variables varied widely across studies. Observational studies most often used surveys or questionnaires (28.9 %), whereas interventions used virtual or in-person meetings (23.8 %) to assess TOE/TOEI adherence. Overall, the diversity of terminology and methods solidifies the need for standardization to guide future research in chrononutrition and to facilitate inter-study comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney G O'Connor
- Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States.
| | - Lauren E O'Connor
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States; Food Components and Health Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Kelly A Higgins
- Food Components and Health Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States; Exponent Inc., Washington, DC, United States
| | - Brooke M Bell
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States; Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Emily S Krueger
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Rita Rawal
- Food Components and Health Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Reiley Hartmuller
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Jill Reedy
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Marissa M Shams-White
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
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Hailesellasie G, Oumer A, Asfaw A. Determinants of undernutrition among khat chewing and non-khat chewing male adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4679. [PMID: 38409396 PMCID: PMC10897126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Khat chewing is a deep-rooted socio-cultural tradition that affects appetite, gastric emptying, and food intake, ultimately influencing nutritional status. Moreover, there is significant variation in lifestyles and ways of living among khat chewing and non-chewing people. However, there is limited evidence on the disaggregated determinants of undernutrition among khat chewers and non-chewers in Ethiopia. A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with 253 Khat-chewing and 249 non-chewing male adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Weight and height were measured under standard procedure and used to calculate the body mass index (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 indicates undernutrition). Variables with p-values below 0.25 in the bi-variable analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model to identify factors associated with undernutrition and to control confounding respectively. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to declare the presence and the strength of association between the independent and outcome variable. Statistical significance was declared at a p value of 0.05. In this study, a total of 138 (27.5%: 23.6-31.6%) adult males were undernourished; among them, 78 (32.0%) were khat chewers and 60 (23.9%) were non chewers. Christian religion (AOR = 1.49; 1.02-2.30), vegetable consumption (AOR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.12-2.55) and khat chewing (AOR = 1.60; 1.04-2.45) were independent risk factors for undernutrition. However, none of the above factors showed a statistically significant association among non-khat chewer male adults. In conclusion, undernutrition was a public health concern in male adults in the study area. Frequent consumption of fruits, vegetables and family size of the households were the independent predictors of undernutrition. The practical implication of identifying risk factors of undernutrition among chewers and non-chewers could be helpful in depicting the relevant risk factors by exposure category and helping to further refine intervention packages. In addition, focusing on interventions which can increase the availability and accessibility of fruits and vegetables are important to improve the nutritional status of adult male populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genene Hailesellasie
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, P.O. Box: 07, Gubre, Ethiopia
| | - Abdu Oumer
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Agize Asfaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, P.O. Box: 07, Gubre, Ethiopia.
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Rodrigues PRM, Monteiro LS, Vasconcelos TMD, Gomes LEDS, Alves IA, Baltar VT, Gorgulho BM, Yokoo EM, Sichieri R, Pereira RA. How many meals and snacks do Brazilians eat a day? Findings from the 2017-2018 Brazilian National Dietary Survey. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2024; 40:e00009923. [PMID: 38381863 PMCID: PMC10877696 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen009923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The habit of eating specific meals has been addressed in several studies, but the evaluation of meal patterns has received less attention. This study aimed to describe the meal patterns of the Brazilian population. A complex sampling design was used to select the 46,164 ≥ 10-year-old individuals examined in the Brazilian National Dietary Survey. Food consumption was assessed by two non-consecutive 24-hour recalls applied throughout a one-week period. The exploratory data analysis approach was used to determine the meal patterns, i.e., how individuals combined the main meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and snacks (morning, afternoon, evening/night) throughout the day. The most common meal patterns were three main meals + one snack, reported by 25.1% of the individuals, and three main meals + two snacks (24.6%). Other meal patterns identified were: three main meals + three snacks (18.5%); three main meals and no snacks (10.9%); one or two main meals + two snacks (7.4%); one or two main meals + one snack (6.9%); one or two main meals + three snacks (4.2%); and one or two main meals and no snacks (2.3%). Meal patterns varied according to gender and age group, and on typical versus atypical food consumption days. We found that eight patterns characterized the daily meal consumption in Brazil. Furthermore, around 80% of the population had three main meals every day and about 13% did not report having any snacks. The characterization of meal habits is important for tailoring and targeting health promotion actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Iuna Arruda Alves
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | | | - Edna Massae Yokoo
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brasil
| | - Rosely Sichieri
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Rosangela Alves Pereira
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Svendsen M, Forslund HB. Meal patterns, including intermittent fasting - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10505. [PMID: 38370117 PMCID: PMC10870972 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction 'Meal patterns' refers to eating frequency, snacking, regularity, and timing. Here also including intermittent fasting. The effect of meal patterns on health is inconsistent and when updating the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 (NNR2023), summarizing the evidence is important. Aims To describe the evidence for the role of meal patterns on bodyweight, body composition, and cardiovascular risk factors (i.e. blood pressure and lipid- and glukose metabolism) in healthy people living with normal weight, overweight, or obesity in all age groups. Methods An initial search in PubMed found 481 reviews, of which 104 were identified based on titles. Of these, 47 were excluded based on title and abstracts. Of the remaining 57 reviews, 16 were included reporting search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria. In addition, 8 reviews from reference list or known by authors were included. In total, 24 reviews were relevant. Cochrane Library was searched with no results. Results All reviews were rated low or critically low (AMSTAR 2). No consistent findings on eating frequency and body weight or composition were found in children/adolescents or adults. In snacking, mixed results were found, although among adults, some consistent results showed positive associations between snacking and body weight. In regularity, breakfast skipping showed mixed results in children/adolescents on body weight and composition. Among adults, randomized controlled trials on breakfast skipping showed a minor impact on improved weight loss. In prospective studies on timing, lower energy intake during late afternoon/evening was related to less body weight. Intermittent fasting reduced body weight but was not superior to continuous energy restrictions. Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed in a minority of the reviews, and despite some beneficial effects, the evidence was limited. Conclusion Given the overall low to critically low quality of the reviews, the evidence is limited and inconclusive. No consistent results providing evidence for setting recommendations for meal patterns were shown. In this regard, meal patterns may vary within the context of an energy balanced and nutritionally adequate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Svendsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heléne Bertéus Forslund
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Jung S, Kim JY, Park S. Eating patterns in Korean adults, 1998-2018: increased energy contribution of ultra-processed foods in main meals and snacks. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:279-289. [PMID: 37999737 PMCID: PMC10799128 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Unfavorable changes in eating patterns over time may contribute to upward trends in chronic diseases, such as obesity. We examined 20-year trends in the percentage of energy from main meals and snacks and the food sources of each eating occasion among Korean adults. METHODS This study used nationally representative data from the 1st, 4th, and 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1998, 2007-2009, and 2016-2018) among adults aged 20-69 years (n = 29,389). Each eating occasion (breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks) was defined by respondents during a 24-h dietary recall interview. To identify the food sources of each eating occasion, we used the NOVA system. The percentage of energy at each eating occasion and that from each NOVA group across survey cycles were estimated, and tests for linear trends were conducted using orthogonal polynomial contrasts in linear regression models. All analyses accounted for the complex survey design. RESULTS After adjusting for age and sex, the percentage of energy from breakfast decreased from 25.0% in 1998 to 16.7% in 2018 (difference, - 8.2%; standard error [SE], 0.3), whereas that from dinner and snacks increased from 31.1 to 33.8% (difference, + 2.7%; SE, 0.4) and from 14.0 to 19.0% (difference, + 5.0%; SE, 0.5), respectively (all P < 0.001). At all eating occasions, the percentage of energy from minimally processed foods declined (difference, - 18.6% for breakfast; - 13.1% for lunch; - 21.1% for dinner; - 20.7% for snacks), while that from ultra-processed foods increased (difference, + 17.0% for breakfast; + 11.3% for lunch; + 18.0% for dinner; + 30.7% for snacks). When stratified by age, the given trends were shown to a greater extent in younger adults (< 50 years old) than in older adults (≥ 50 years old). CONCLUSIONS The eating patterns of Korean adults changed from 1998 to 2018, with the greatest decrease in energy intake from breakfast and the greatest increase from snacking. At all eating occasions, the contribution of minimally processed foods declined, while that of ultra-processed foods increased, especially among younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukyoung Jung
- Chungnam National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jee Young Kim
- National Food Safety Information Service, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sohyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, South Korea.
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
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11
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Wang Y, Liu S, Zhao Q, Wang N, Liu X, Zhang T, He G, Zhao G, Jiang Y, Chen B. Analysis of Dietary Patterns Associated with Kidney Stone Disease Based on Data-Driven Approaches: A Case-Control Study in Shanghai. Nutrients 2024; 16:214. [PMID: 38257107 PMCID: PMC10818537 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to analyze dietary patterns using data-driven approaches and to explore preventive or risk dietary factors for kidney stone disease (KSD). A case-control matching study was conducted in adults (n = 6396) from a suburb of Shanghai. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the consumption of various types of food, and B-ultrasound was used to identify kidney stones. Principal component analysis and regression were used to generate dietary patterns and further explore the relationship between dietary patterns and KSD. LASSO regression and post-selection inference were used to identify food groups most associated with KSD. Among males, the "balanced but no-sugary-beverages pattern" (OR = 0.78, p < 0.05) and the "nuts and pickles pattern" (OR = 0.84, p < 0.05) were protective dietary patterns. Among females, "high vegetables and low-sugary-beverages pattern" (OR = 0.83, p < 0.05) and "high-crustaceans and low-vegetables pattern" (OR = 0.79, p < 0.05) were protective dietary patterns, while the "comprehensive pattern with a preference for meat" (OR = 1.06, p < 0.05) and "sugary beverages pattern" (OR = 1.16, p < 0.05) were risk dietary patterns. We further inferred that sugary beverages (p < 0.05) were risk factors and pickles (p < 0.05) and crustaceans (p < 0.05) were protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.W.); (G.H.)
| | - Shaojie Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China;
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Q.Z.); (N.W.); (X.L.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Q.Z.); (N.W.); (X.L.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Q.Z.); (N.W.); (X.L.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Q.Z.); (N.W.); (X.L.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Q.Z.); (N.W.); (X.L.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gengsheng He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.W.); (G.H.)
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Q.Z.); (N.W.); (X.L.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Genming Zhao
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Q.Z.); (N.W.); (X.L.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yonggen Jiang
- Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201620, China;
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.W.); (G.H.)
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Q.Z.); (N.W.); (X.L.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.)
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12
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Bennett G, O'Hara C, Bardon LA, Gibney ER. Comparison of Meal Patterns Across Common Racial Groups in the UK and the USA, Examining Associations with Weight Status and Diet Quality: a Secondary Analysis of NDNS and NHANES Datasets. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01890-1. [PMID: 38102513 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding diets of population subgroups is essential for monitoring health of diversifying populations, but currently, meal patterns of many population subgroups are not widely known. This paper aimed to identify meal patterns of racial groups in the UK and USA, considering if racial groups exhibit similar patterns of intake irrespective of location and relationships between meal patterns and health parameters. DESIGN Data were extracted from the UK (National Diet and Nutrition Survey) and the USA (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) national dietary surveys. Temporal and content meal patterns among racial groups in the UK and USA (White, Black, Asian and Other, n = 1780 and n = 4339, respectively) were examined. Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied to understand differences across groups. Logistic regression models identified associations between meal patterns and body mass index and diet quality. RESULTS Black groups consumed fewer eating occasions than White and Other groups in both countries, while UK racial groups consumed significantly more snacks than USA groups. Food group contribution to eating occasion consumption was similar across countries where Asian groups in the USA and UK had the lowest meat intake at lunch and dinner. Meal frequency was positively associated with diet quality. CONCLUSIONS Overall, meal patterns differ across racial groups within a single country, and some differences were observed within groups of the same race across countries. Learnings from this research highlight the differences in consumption patterns across racial groups and the importance of considering a meal-based approach to dietary guidelines by racial group.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bennett
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C O'Hara
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L A Bardon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - E R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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13
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Jayedi A, Shafiei Neyestanak M, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. Temporal patterns of energy intake identified by the latent class analysis in relation to prevalence of overweight and obesity in Iranian adults. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:2002-2012. [PMID: 37132327 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300096x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to identify temporal patterns of energy intake and investigate their association with adiposity. We performed a cross-sectional study of 775 adults in Iran. Information about eating occasions across the day was collected by three 24-h dietary recalls. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify temporal eating patterns based on whether or not an eating occasion occurred within each hour of the day. We applied binary logistic regression to estimate the OR and 95 % CI of overweight and obesity (defined as BMI of 25-29·9 and ≥ 30 kg/m2, respectively) across temporal eating patterns while controlling for potential confounders. LCA grouped participants into three exclusive sub-groups named 'Conventional', 'Earlier breakfast' and 'Later lunch'. The 'Conventional' class was characterised by high probability of eating occasions at conventional meal times. 'Earlier breakfast' class was characterised by high probability of a breakfast eating occasion 1 h before the conventional pattern and a dinner eating occasion 1 h after the conventional pattern, and the 'Later lunch' class was characterised by a high probability of a lunch eating occasion 1 h after the conventional pattern. Participants in the 'Earlier breakfast' pattern had a lower likelihood of obesity (adjusted OR: 0·56, 95 % CI: 0·35, 0·95) as compared with the 'Conventional' pattern. There was no difference in the prevalence of obesity or overweight between participants in the 'Later lunch' and the 'Conventional' patterns. We found an inverse association between earlier eating pattern and the likelihood of obesity, but reverse causation may be a plausible explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jayedi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shafiei Neyestanak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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14
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Minnebo Y, De Paepe K, Raes J, Van de Wiele T. Eating patterns contribute to shaping the gut microbiota in the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad149. [PMID: 37974054 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating patterns, i.e. meal frequency and circadian timing of meals, are often modified in weight loss and metabolic healing strategies. However, in-depth research into the effects on the gut microbiome remains scarce, particularly across various colon regions and niches. We identified eating patterns to contribute in shaping the in vitro gut biomass production, metabolism, and microbial community compositions by subjecting four faecal microbiomes to a pattern that is standardized for a dynamic gut model (feeding at 09, 17, and 01 h), a typical Western (breakfast, lunch, and dinner at 09, 13, and 19 h, respectively), and a time-restricted pattern (single meal at 09 h). While eating patterns moderately affected the microbiome (2.4% and 1.8% significant variation in proportional and quantitative microbial compositions, respectively), significant changes were noted in the time-restricted pattern, including increased Bacteroides, Butyricicoccus, Dialister, and Faecalibacterium abundances. Sampling every 4 h revealed no significant circadian fluctuations in biomass production, microbial community compositions, or functionality. Longer fasting times favoured the growth of slower-growing species, such as Akkermansia, Dialister, and Parasutterella over faster-growers, such as Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas. Our findings illustrate the importance of recording and considering eating patterns as a gut microbiome determinant in in vivo and in vitro dietary intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorick Minnebo
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim De Paepe
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Landaeta-Díaz L, Durán-Agüero S, González-Medina G. Exploring food intake networks and anhedonia symptoms in a Chilean Adults sample. Appetite 2023; 190:107042. [PMID: 37704006 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION high-calorie and sugar-sweetened food is considered more pleasant food. People with anhedonia symptoms have difficulties experiencing pleasure in daily activities. However, is still unclear if anhedonia symptomatology increases palatable food consumption in the Chilean Adults sample. OBJECTIVE to explore food networks in the Chilean Adults sample and in people with anhedonia symptom. METHODS the sample was recruited through digital platforms. Pregnant or lactating women and subjects under pharmacological treatment or psychotherapy were excluded. A total of 1242 subjects, 76.6% women, with a mean age of 30.7 (SD 9.3) and who were highly educated, participated in the study. Data were collected through an online survey. A questionnaire on food consumption based on daily and weekly frequency was used, as well as the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale to measure anhedonia symptoms. We employed the Gaussian graph model (GGM) to analyze food consumption as networks. We started with the total sample, and then we repeated the analysis on a subsample with anhedonia symptoms, and next on a subsample with exclusively food-related anhedonia. RESULTS in the total sample, a positive and strong relationship was observed between fruits and vegetables, as well as a negative association with the triad of sugar-sweetened beverages, fast food, and fried food. The network in anhedonic subjects shows that "pasta, rice & potatoes" and "bread" have a stronger association and a more central place in the network compared those without anhedonia symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with anhedonia symptoms have a more central consumption of foods with a high or medium glycemic index compared to subjects without anhedonia symptoms, which could trigger the development of chronic diet-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Landaeta-Díaz
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Las Américas, Chile.
| | - Samuel Durán-Agüero
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Los Leones, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Gabriel González-Medina
- Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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16
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Jayedi A, Shafiei Neyestanak M, Qorbani M, Abbasi-Ghahremanloo A, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. Comparison of habitual and meal-specific dietary patterns identified by latent class analysis and confirmatory factor analysis in adults: A cross-sectional study. Nutrition 2023; 115:112185. [PMID: 37634394 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare characteristics of habitual and meal-specific dietary patterns identified by latent class analysis (LCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). METHODS Participants included 778 adults selected for the present cross-sectional study from local health care centers in Tehran, Iran. Three 24-h dietary recalls evaluated dietary intake. LCA was used to group study participants into exclusive subgroups of individuals with similar patterns of dietary intake. CFA was applied to identify patterns of habitual and meal-specific dietary intake. Analysis of variance was used to compare the average scores of habitual and meal-specific CFA-derived dietary patterns across classes identified by LCA. RESULTS Using habitual dietary intake, CFA grouped correlated food items into three major factors: fruits and vegetables, mixed, and Western dietary patterns. LCA grouped study participants with similar patterns of habitual intake into four subgroups of individuals: fruits and vegetables, mixed, Western, and low consumer classes. LCA-fruits and vegetables, LCA-Western, and LCA-mixed classes had, respectively, higher mean scores of CFA-fruits and vegetables, CFA-Western, and CFA-mixed dietary patterns compared with other classes (P < 0.001). Similar findings were observed for meal-specific dietary intake, where classes identified by LCA had the highest mean scores of their corresponding dietary pattern identified by CFA. CONCLUSION Habitual and meal-specific classes identified by LCA were well characterized by the dietary patterns derived by CFA, suggesting that LCA may be an appropriate statistical approach to classify study participants with similar patterns of intake into exclusive subgroups of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jayedi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shafiei Neyestanak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Hastaoğlu F, Hastaoğlu E, Bağlam N, Taş İN. Sensorial and Nutritional Properties of a Collagen-Fortified Snack Bar Designed for the Elderly. Nutrients 2023; 15:3620. [PMID: 37630810 PMCID: PMC10459847 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to develop a highly consumable collagen-containing bar that contributes to enriching the diets of elderly individuals, in terms of energy and nutrients. METHOD For this purpose, five different bar samples (C, P1, P2, D1, D2) containing different amounts of collagen, date puree, and pumpkin puree were developed and subsequently evaluated in terms of their sensory and nutritional properties by a panel of 30 adult trained sensorial analysists. RESULTS The bars with the highest flavor score were those with high levels of collagen and pumpkin puree (P2) and date puree (D2). For the analyses of multiple criteria among multiple samples, the TOPSIS technique showed that among the snack bar samples with different contents, the most liked sample was the one with a high level of collagen and date puree (D2). One serving of the developed bars contains approximately 300-400 kcal of energy and 6.8-8.8 g of protein. Considering age-related decreased appetite, as well as chewing and swallowing problems in elderly individuals, regular consumption of nutrient-rich small meals or snacks with enhanced sensory characteristics could contribute to improving nutritional and functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Hastaoğlu
- Department of Elderly Care, Vocational School of Health, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey;
- Gerontology Studies Research and Application Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Emre Hastaoğlu
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Tourism, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey;
- Food Studies Research and Application Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Bağlam
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey;
| | - İrem Nur Taş
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Tourism, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey;
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18
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Pfeifer D, Rešetar J, Šteković M, Czlapka-Matyasik M, Verbanac D, Gajdoš Kljusurić J. Diet Quality and Its Association with Lifestyle and Dietary Behaviors among Croatian Students during Two COVID-19 Lockdowns. Foods 2023; 12:2532. [PMID: 37444271 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the diet quality, the relationship between diet quality and lifestyle, and the association of diet quality with body mass index and students' field of study during COVID-19 lockdown periods (spring and winter) in 2020. Datasets were collected via an anonymous online self-reported questionnaire distributed during two time periods using social media. A total of 1939 Croatian students (82.4% women and 17.6% men) completed the questionnaire. Diet quality was assessed using the pro-healthy diet index (pHDI) and non-healthy diet index (nHDI). An increase in diet quality was noted during both lockdown periods but was lower during the winter lockdown. Cooking for oneself was associated with a high level of pHDI, while ordering or buying ready-to-eat food was linked to a low level of pHDI. Additionally, a decrease in screen time and increased physical activity was associated with high pHDI values. Furthermore, during both lockdown periods, students with a BMI above 30 kg/m2 had the highest nHDI values compared to other students. Although positive changes were found during both lockdown periods, they were less pronounced throughout the winter lockdown. Further studies are needed to elucidate the real impact of these changes in the post-COVID period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Pfeifer
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Rešetar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martin Šteković
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Donatella Verbanac
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Shodhan Shetty A, Shenoy R, Dasson Bajaj P, Rao A, KS A, Pai M, BR A, Jodalli P. Role of nutritional supplements on oral health in adults - A systematic review. F1000Res 2023; 12:492. [PMID: 37359787 PMCID: PMC10285321 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.134299.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The word 'diet' usually encompasses the consumption of food that includes all the necessary nutrients required for the optimal functioning of the body. Nutritional supplements hold a supreme position due to the demanding lifestyles or medical conditions in this current era. Although medical literature has sufficient evidence exploring the effect of nutrients on general health, this systematic review aimed at specifically evaluating the role of nutritional supplements on oral health in adults. Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed in conducting this systematic review where four electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were reviewed. Based on the inclusion criteria, four studies exploring the effect of oral nutritional supplements on oral health among the adult population were included in this systematic review. Results: This review generated evidence suggesting a positive effect of nutritional supplements on oral health. These findings were depicted in the form of a reduction in plaque scores, probing depths, gingival inflammation, and greater improvement in periodontal healing among individuals with higher intakes of nutritional supplements within recommended doses. Conclusions: The systematic review outlines the positive impact of consuming nutritional supplements in the recommended dosage on oral health. Additionally, this review stresses the necessity for interventional studies to further investigate the effects of nutritional supplements on oral health, particularly in regard to periodontal healing. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021287797 (27/11/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Shodhan Shetty
- Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Ramya Shenoy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Parul Dasson Bajaj
- Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Ashwini Rao
- Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Aparna KS
- Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Mithun Pai
- Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Avinash BR
- Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Praveen Jodalli
- Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
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Curtin EL, Johnson L, Salway R, Hinton EC. Snacking and anxiety during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: A prospective cohort study. Appetite 2023; 183:106491. [PMID: 36775067 PMCID: PMC9912813 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety and snacking increased during the initial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdowns, but it remains unknown whether this change in snacking persisted and if it related to anxiety levels. We used prospective data to examine changes in snacking frequency from t1 (eased restrictions in England in May-June 2020) to t2 (national lockdown in December 2020-March 2021), the association of anxiety (assessed by the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire at t1) with the snacking change, and the mediating and moderating effects of disinhibition and flexible restraint (assessed by the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire in 2016-17). Analyses including 2128 adults (mean age 28.4 y) residing in England from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children showed that snacking frequency increased over time (mean change 1.23 (95% CI 0.81, 1.65) snacks/wk). Linear regressions of snacking adjusted for sociodemographic covariates showed that having clinical levels of generalised anxiety at t1, versus not, was associated with 1.22 (95% CI 0.07, 2.37) more snacks/wk at t2. Disinhibition partially mediated the association between Generalised Anxiety Disorder and snacking (βindirect = 0.15, 95% CI 0.01, 0.32), while there was no evidence that flexible restraint moderated the association (β = 0.05, 95% CI -0.57, 0.66). Our longitudinal findings highlight a detrimental anxiety-snacking association partly operating via disinhibition, suggesting future research could target mitigating anxiety and disinhibited eating behaviours to benefit diet-related outcomes following the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther L. Curtin
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK,Corresponding author. Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Laura Johnson
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, BS8 1TZ, Bristol, UK; NatCen Social Research, 35 Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0AX, UK.
| | - Ruth Salway
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, BS8 1TZ, Bristol, UK.
| | - Elanor C. Hinton
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Nutrition Theme, University of Bristol, BS2 8AE, Bristol, UK
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Keshani P, Sarihi S, Parsaie N, Joulaei H. Dietary pattern association with CD4 cells count in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus: A cross-sectional study. J Public Health Res 2023; 12:22799036231181200. [PMID: 37434871 PMCID: PMC10331780 DOI: 10.1177/22799036231181200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Considering contradictory reports about the impact of dietary pattern on CD4 cell count in previous studies and the potential importance of diet on the immune system, this study aimed to assess the association between dietary patterns and CD4 count among HIV-infected patients. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected patients aged 18-60 who registered in the referral Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center of Shiraz, Iran. The principal component analysis identified nutritional patterns and factors. The association between the score of the dietary patterns and CD4 count was considered in two categories of CD4 more/less than 500 and using backward logistic regression after adjusting for confounders. Results A total of 226 participants were included in the analysis. CD4 was significantly lower in males (p < 0.001). Participants with illegal drug use (p < 0.001), HCV (p = 0.001), and HBV (p < 0.001) had lower serum CD4. Four extracted dietary patterns were a Plant-rich diet, Healthy animal-based proteins, a Western diet, and Affordable calorie and protein patterns. There was an association between CD4 and Western diet patterns in the best model in which age, gender, weight, and HBV were included. Each unit increase in Western diet score increased the odds of CD4 less than 500 by 57% (OR = 1.57; CI 95% 1.06-2.34, p = 0.02). Conclusion Among the four dietary patterns, the Western diet comprising a high intake of refined sugar and grain, saturated and trans fats, and animal protein sources, especially high-fat red meat, had a statistically significant relationship with a decrease in CD4 cell count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Keshani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sorour Sarihi
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging(ARIA), The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Narges Parsaie
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Joulaei
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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22
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Carvalho C, Severo M, Correia D, Lopes C, Torres D. Meat or meatless meals at lunch and dinner – exploring the associated factors and transition between meals. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-12. [PMID: 36971097 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2190504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the factors associated with the consumption of meat vs. meatless meals and to assess the applicability of a multi-state model to describe transitions between lunch and dinner. Fifteen thousand four hundred and eight main meals (lunch and dinner) from a sample of adults (18-84 years, n = 3852) from the Portuguese Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF 2015-2016) were categorised as meat, fish, ovolactovegetarian or snack. Adjusted generalised-mixed-effects models were used to explore the associations and a time-homogeneous Markov-multi-state model was applied to study the transitions. Women, older and higher educated individuals presented higher odds of consuming meatless meals and lower hazard of transitioning to meat in the following main meal. Strategies for replacing meat with more sustainable foods should be specific towards different population groups. Studying transitions across main meals, using multi-state models, can support the development of feasible, realistic and group-specific strategies to replace meat and promote dietary variety.
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23
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Mirrafiei A, Hasanzadeh M, Sheikhhossein F, Majdi M, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. Association of main meal quality index with the odds of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:55. [PMID: 36945062 PMCID: PMC10031905 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common global issue linked to the quality of one's eating occasions. The current cross-sectional study evaluates the association between a novel index, the Main Meal Quality Index (MMQI), and MetS among Iranian adults. METHODS A total of 824 men and women were recruited, and a 24-hour dietary recall assessed the dietary intake of the participants. Lunch was selected as the main meal based on energy density. The MMQI score was calculated based on ten components of dietary intake, with a higher score indicating more adherence to the index, with the final scores ranging from 0 to 100 points. The associations were assessed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS The mean age was 42.2 years and the range of the calculated MMQI was 22 to 86 (mean in total participants: 56.62, mean in women: 56.82, mean in men: 55.64). The total prevalence of MetS in the sample was 34%. After adjustments for potential confounders, the participants at the top quartile of MMQI had a lower odds ratio for hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, and a higher odds ratio for hypertension, hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, and MetS. The sex-specific analysis also did not show any significant associations between adherence to MMQI and MetS and its components. CONCLUSION Overall, MMQI is not associated with MetS and its components in a sample of Iranian men and women. More research is needed to examine MMQI and its possible association with current health-related problems including MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mirrafiei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), 14167-53955, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Hasanzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), 14167-53955, Tehran, Iran
- Nutritional Health Team (NHT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), 14167-53955, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Majdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), 14167-53955, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), 14167-53955, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), 14167-53955, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, P. O. Box 14155/6117, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Chamorro R, Jouffe C, Oster H, Uhlenhaut NH, Meyhöfer SM. When should I eat: A circadian view on food intake and metabolic regulation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13936. [PMID: 36645134 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a hierarchical timing system regulating most physiological and behavioral functions with a period of approximately 24 h in humans and other mammalian species. The circadian clock drives daily eating rhythms that, in turn, reinforce the circadian clock network itself to anticipate and orchestrate metabolic responses to food intake. Eating is tightly interconnected with the circadian clock and recent evidence shows that the timing of meals is crucial for the control of appetite and metabolic regulation. Obesity results from combined long-term dysregulation in food intake (homeostatic and hedonic circuits), energy expenditure, and energy storage. Increasing evidence supports that the loss of synchrony of daily rhythms significantly impairs metabolic homeostasis and is associated with obesity. This review presents an overview of mechanisms regulating food intake (homeostatic/hedonic) and focuses on the crucial role of the circadian clock on the metabolic response to eating, thus providing a fundamental research axis to maintain a healthy eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Chamorro
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Céline Jouffe
- Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - N Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair for Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, & ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Meyhöfer
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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25
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de Soysa AKH, Martins C, Langaas M, Grill V, Mostad IL. Exploring Dietary Intake in Adults with Severe Obesity and Associations with the FTO rs9939609 Genotypes. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100032. [PMID: 37180087 PMCID: PMC10111606 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few have studied the associations between rs9939609 genotypes in the obesity candidate locus FTO and energy and nutrient intakes and meal frequencies in adults with severe obesity. We are unaware of studies that have assessed adherence to key dietary recommendations in this population, at least in Norway. Increased knowledge of genotype associations with dietary factors could improve personalized obesity therapy. Objectives The present study aimed to explore how the rs9939609 genotypes associate with dietary variables and adherence to key dietary recommendations in a sample of adults with severe obesity. Methods A cross-sectional observation study designed to have similar numbers of participants with genotypes TT, AT, and AA included 100 patients (70% women) with median (25th, 75th percentile) age 42 (32, 50) y and BMI 42.8 (39.5, 46.4) kg/m2. We assessed intakes of food groups, energy, and macro- and micronutrients from three 24-h dietary recalls and meal frequencies. Genotype associations were analyzed using regression analyses. Reported intakes were evaluated against national diet recommendations. Results Using a significance level of 0.01, we found no genotype associations with energy intake, energy density, adherence to recommendations, or meal frequency but tendencies of associations with energy adjusted protein intake (AA > AT, P = 0.037; AT > TT, P = 0.064), food groups milk and cream (AT > TT, P = 0.029), and Mixed dishes (AA > TT, P = 0.039). Few participants complied with recommendations for intakes of whole grains (21%), fruits and vegetables (11%), and fish (37%); however, 67% followed the recommendation to limit added sugar. Less than 20% had recommended intakes of vitamin D and folate. Conclusions In our patients with severe obesity, we found tendencies of associations between the FTO rs9939609 genotypes and diet but no significant associations at the 0.01 level and below. Few met key food-based diet recommendations, suggesting that the food habits in this population pose an increased risk of nutrient deficiencies. Curr Dev Nutr 2023;xx:xx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kristin H. de Soysa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Speech-Language Therapy, Clinic of Clinical Services, St. Olavs hospital - Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Catia Martins
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Center for Obesity Research and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital–Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mette Langaas
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Valdemar Grill
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid Løvold Mostad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Speech-Language Therapy, Clinic of Clinical Services, St. Olavs hospital - Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Lesani A, Barkhidarian B, Jafarzadeh M, Akbarzade Z, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. Time-related meal patterns and breakfast quality in a sample of Iranian adults. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:13. [PMID: 36647126 PMCID: PMC9841660 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00666-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some evidence shows that meal timing is associated with diet quality. We aimed to investigate the relationship between meal timing and breakfast quality in a sample of Iranian adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 men and women living in Tehran, Iran. Dietary data was recorded by three non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. The Breakfast Quality Index (BQI) was calculated. Time-related meal patterns included the interval between the first and last meal (eating and fasting window), frequency of meals, length of sleep, and time of first and last eating occasion. The multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between time-related meal patterns and BQI. RESULTS The mean (95% CI) of BQI was 4.52 (4.45-4.65) and the maximum was 8. Bread, cheese, vegetables, fruits, energy, and carbohydrate intake showed positive associations with BQI scores. Longer fasting time showed a positive association with fruits (β (CI 95%)) (0.11 (0.0003-0.005), and vegetable consumption (0.12 (0.009-0.07)) and BQI score (0.39 (0.001-0.06)). Time of first eating occasions indicated a negative association with protein and fat intake and BQI score. Time of last eating occasions showed a positive association with vegetables consumption and BQI score. The longer length of sleep was associated with a higher BQI score. The frequency of meals was significantly and positively related to energy and macronutrients intake and BQI. CONCLUSION Earlier first and last meal, longer sleep length, longer fasting window, and a greater meal frequency were associated with a better breakfast quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Lesani
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Barkhidarian
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Jafarzadeh
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbarzade
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Hartman TJ, Masters M, Flanders WD, Wang Y, Li M, Mitchell DC, Guinter M, Patel AV, McCullough ML. Self-Reported Eating-Occasion Frequency and Timing are Reproducible and Relatively Valid in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study-3 Diet Assessment Substudy. J Nutr 2023; 152:2827-2836. [PMID: 36055776 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate assessment of eating-occasion behaviors, such as timing, frequency, and consumption intervals, is important for evaluating associations with obesity and other chronic diseases. OBJECTIVES The main objective of this study was to assess the relative validity of a 24-hour grid approach to assess eating-occasion timing and frequency in comparison to data derived from repeated 24-hour dietary recalls (DRs). A second objective was to assess the 1-year test-retest reproducibility of the 24-hour grid. METHODS Between 2015 and 2016, 626 participants in the Cancer Prevention Study-3 (CPS-3) Diet Assessment Substudy (mean age, 52 years; age range, 31-70 years; 64% female; 64% non-Hispanic white, 22% non-Hispanic black, 14% Hispanic) completed 2 grids and up to 6 unannounced, telephone, interviewer-administered DRs over 1 year. Spearman correlations (ρ; 95% CIs) were calculated to assess reproducibility between the repeated eating-occasion grid-derived variables (e.g., numbers of snacks and meals per day, timing of eating occasions) and to assess relative validity by comparing the meal grid and DR-derived summary data separately for weekdays and weekend days. RESULTS Reproducibility correlations for eating-occasion variables derived from the eating-occasion grids completed 1 year apart were ≥0.5 for the majority of variables analyzed for both weekdays and weekend days, including numbers of snacks and meals per day and timing of the first and last eating occasions of the day. Relative validity was highest among weekday variables and was ≥0.5 for the majority of variables, with correlations ranging from ρ values of 0.32 (number of meals per day) to 0.68 (hour of the first eating occasion). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the eating-occasion grid used in CPS-3 has good reproducibility over 1 year and yields estimates comparable to those from a more detailed method of assessment of eating timing and frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terryl J Hartman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew Masters
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - W Dana Flanders
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Mengyi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Diane C Mitchell
- Diet Assessment Center, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mark Guinter
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Marjorie L McCullough
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
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Mirrafiei A, Ansari S, Jayedi A, Lesani A, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. The association of meal-specific food-based dietary inflammatory index with cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation in a sample of Iranian adults. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:10. [PMID: 36627587 PMCID: PMC9830757 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the association of meals-specific food-based dietary inflammatory index (FDII), with cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors and inflammation among Iranian adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 816 participants living in Tehran via two-staged cluster sampling. Three non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls (two working days and one day off) were obtained from individuals to specify the main meals and meal-specific FDIIs. Anthropometric measures were done. Insulin and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. Multiple linear regressions were used to investigate the association of FDII with Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), hs-CRP, Triglyceride Glucose Index (TyG), and Lipid Accumulation Product Index (LAP). RESULTS The range of FDIIs for breakfast, lunch, and dinner were (-2.47,1.98), (-2.66,3.23) and (-4.09,3.13) in order, and the mean age was 42.2 ± 10.5 years. We found that there was no significant association between FDII and hs-CRP level in the three meals (β = -0.003; 95% CI: -0.030, 0.025 for breakfast,β = -0.020; 95% CI: -0.041, 0.001 for lunch, and β = 0.006; 95% CI: -0.016, 0.028 for dinner) after adjusting for age, sex, education, occupation, maritage, physical activity, smoking, morningness-eveningness score, energy, body mass index, and other FDIIs. Also, we found no significant association between breakfast, lunch, and dinner-specific FDII and HOMA-IR (β = -0.368, -0.223, 0.122), TyG index (β = -0.009, 0.060, -0.057) and LAP (β = 2.320, -0.278, -0.297). CONCLUSIONS We found no associations between meal-based FDII scores and CVD and inflammation. Further research of prospective nature is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mirrafiei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-Dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, P. O. Box 14155/6117, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Shakila Ansari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-Dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, P. O. Box 14155/6117, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Azadeh Lesani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-Dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, P. O. Box 14155/6117, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-Dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, P. O. Box 14155/6117, Tehran, 14167-53955, Iran.
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Compensatory eating after exercise in everyday life: Insights from daily diary studies. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282501. [PMID: 36920917 PMCID: PMC10016725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable variability in how successful people are in losing weight via exercise programs. Experimental research suggests that greater food intake after exercise may be one factor underlying this variability, but no studies have assessed patterns of post-exercise eating behaviour over time in naturalistic settings. Thus, we aimed to assess how exercise and contextual factors (e.g., hunger, presence of others) influence the healthiness and amount of food eaten after exercise in two daily diary studies. In Study 1, participants (n = 48) reported their food intake and exercise daily for 28 days. For each meal, they provided a brief description of the food(s) eaten which were then categorised as healthy, unhealthy, or mixed (neither healthy nor unhealthy) by two independent coders. Study 2 used the same method, but participants (n = 55) also reported the portion size of each meal. Hierarchical linear modelling showed that in Study 1, contrary to expectations, post-exercise meals were less likely to be unhealthy (relative to mixed) than were random meals from non-exercise days (OR = 0.63, p = .011), and that participants ate proportionally fewer unhealthy meals on exercise days compared to non-exercise days (b = -4.27, p = .004). Study 2 replicated these findings, and also found that participants consumed larger meals after exercise in comparison to random meals from non-exercise days (b = 0.25, p < .001). Participants were not consistently engaging in compensatory eating by eating less healthily after exercise compared to on non-exercise days, but they did eat larger portions post-exercise. This work highlights the need for naturalistic methods of assessing compensatory eating, and has the potential to facilitate development of strategies to improve health behaviour regulation.
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Jaeger V, Koletzko B, Luque V, Ferré N, Gruszfeld D, Gradowska K, Verduci E, Zuccotti GV, Xhonneux A, Poncelet P, Grote V. Distribution of energy and macronutrient intakes across eating occasions in European children from 3 to 8 years of age: The EU Childhood Obesity Project Study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:165-174. [PMID: 35930067 PMCID: PMC9899743 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to characterize the distribution of energy and macronutrient intakes across eating occasions (EO) in European children from preschool to school age. METHODS Data from 3-day weighed food records were collected from children at ages 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 years from Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain. Food intakes were assigned to EO based on country-specific daytimes for breakfast, lunch, supper and snacks (morning, afternoon). The average energy and nutrient intakes were expressed as percentage of total energy intake (%E). Nutrients were additionally expressed as percentage per EO (%EEO). Foods were assigned to food groups; variation in intake was calculated via coefficient of variation (CV). We analyzed age trends in diurnal intake using mixed-effects beta regression. RESULTS The 740 healthy children included in the analysis consumed the largest proportion of daily energy at lunch (31%E ± 8, M ± SD) and supper (26%E ± 8), followed by breakfast (19%E ± 7) and snacks [afternoon (16%E ± 8); morning (8%E ± 7)], with the most variable intake at morning snack (CV = 0.9). The nutrient composition at lunch and supper was highest for fat (36 ± 9%ELunch; 39 ± 11%ESupper) and protein (18 ± 5%ELunch; 18 ± 6%ESupper) and at breakfast and snacks for carbohydrates (54 ± 12%EBreakfast; 62 ± 12%ESnacks). High-sugar content foods were consumed in relatively large proportions at breakfast and snacks. Food intakes varied significantly with age, with lower snack intakes at later ages (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Possibly unhealthy EOs with high-fat intakes and high-sugar-content foods were observed. Changes in nutrient composition of EOs may be beneficial for health. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00338689; 19/June/2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Jaeger
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDivision of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Veronica Luque
- grid.410367.70000 0001 2284 9230Paediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain ,grid.410367.70000 0001 2284 9230Serra Hunter Fellow, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Natàlia Ferré
- grid.410367.70000 0001 2284 9230Paediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Dariusz Gruszfeld
- grid.413923.e0000 0001 2232 2498Neonatal Department and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Gradowska
- grid.413923.e0000 0001 2232 2498Neonatal Department and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elvira Verduci
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annick Xhonneux
- grid.433083.f0000 0004 0608 8015Centre Hospitalier Chretien St. Vincent, Rocourt, Liège‑Rocourt, Belgium
| | - Pascale Poncelet
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Department of Paediatrics, University Children’s Hospital, Queen Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veit Grote
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDivision of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
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Kinoshita K, Satake S, Murotani K, Li J, Yasuoka M, Arai H. Breakfast skipping and frailty: A cross-sectional study in community-dwellers aged 75 years or over. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23:60-62. [PMID: 36470720 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kinoshita
- Department of Frailty Research, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Shosuke Satake
- Department of Frailty Research, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | | | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Frailty Research, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikako Yasuoka
- Department of Frailty Research, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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Guan VX, Neale EP, Probst YC. Identifying usual food choices with avocados in a clinical trial cohort of overweight and obese adults in Australia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279567. [PMID: 36701374 PMCID: PMC9879481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of avocados has been suggested to be beneficial for weight control, however, limited research is available about the related food choices. Understanding the food choices associated with avocados at meal occasions may further aid behavioural strategies to lose weight. The present study used a systematic approach to develop an avocado-specific food database, with the aim to explore food choices related to avocados at meal occasions as reported by overweight and obese volunteers in weight loss clinical trials. METHODS The avocado-specific database was based on AUSNUT 2011-13 food composition database structure and was developed via a systematic approach, which determined the avocado content of Australian foods and beverages. Baseline usual food intake data was retrospectively pooled from four food-based clinical trials (n = 758). The Apriori algorithm of association rules, a two-step descriptive method was used to identify food choices associated with avocados at different meal occasions using a nested hierarchical food group classification system. RESULTS The avocado database identified 34 avocados and avocado-containing foods and beverages. The proportion of avocado consumers in the pooled cohort was 51.3% (n = 389), with an average avocado intake of 21.57 ± 36.75 grams per day. Avocados were found to be closely related to other food groups at all of the food group levels at main meal occasions. A total of 68 food items containing avocados were identified for avocado consumers at the breakfast, lunch and dinner meals. CONCLUSION The avocado specific database provides a snapshot of the foods and beverages which contain avocados. Enumerating the full range of food choices in relation to avocado consumption should provide examples of food choices that people might consider in their efforts to increase their avocado consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne X. Guan
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Elizabeth P. Neale
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yasmine C. Probst
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Monteiro LS, Rodrigues PRM, de Vasconcelos TM, Sperandio N, Yokoo EM, Sichieri R, Pereira RA. Snacking habits of Brazilian adolescents: Brazilian National Dietary Survey, 2017-2018. NUTR BULL 2022; 47:449-460. [PMID: 36317893 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at describing the snack consumption among Brazilian adolescents. The Brazilian National Dietary Survey (2017-2018) is a nationwide representative cross-sectional study that collected food consumption data from 8264 adolescents (10 to 19 years old); data from one 24-h recall were used, in which all foods and beverages consumed throughout the day prior to the interview were described along with the amount, unit of measurement, time, place and occasion of consumption (breakfast, lunch, dinner or snack). Snacks were classified as follows: (a) Morning snack: "Snacks" consumed between 6 AM and 12 PM; (b) Afternoon snack: "Snacks" consumed between 1 PM and 5 PM; (c) Evening snack: "Snacks" consumed between 6 PM and 5 AM. Individuals were categorised according to the number of "Snacks" per day (zero, one, two or three or more). Among the evaluated adolescents, 52.8% were female and 23.0% were overweight. The consumption of at least one snack per day was mentioned by 88.2% of the adolescents, with an average of 2.33 snacks per day. An afternoon snack was consumed by 70.0% of the adolescents. Snack consumption was related to higher mean daily energy intake and a greater contribution of carbohydrates, added sugar and trans fat to the total daily energy intake. 'Cookies & Crackers' and 'Fast Foods' were the groups that contributed the most to the energy intake provided by snacks, showing, therefore, that less healthy foods were relevant components of the snacks consumed. For their important contribution to food intake, snacking habits deserve attention among the topics covered in dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Silva Monteiro
- Instituto de Alimentação e Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
| | | | | | - Naiara Sperandio
- Instituto de Alimentação e Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
| | - Edna Massae Yokoo
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Bioestatística, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Rosely Sichieri
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Alves Pereira
- Departamento de Nutrição Social e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Giménez-Legarre N, Santaliestra-Pasías AM, De Henauw S, Forsner M, González-Gross M, Jurado-Fasoli L, Kafatos A, Karaglani E, Lambrinou CP, Molnár D, Sjöström M, Widhalm K, Moreno LA. Breakfast consumption and its relationship with diet quality and adherence to Mediterranean diet in European adolescents: the HELENA study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1690-1696. [PMID: 35927503 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study is to analyze the associations between breakfast consumption and adherence to diet quality index (DQI) and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) in European adolescents. METHODS A multinational cross-sectional study was carried out in 1804 adolescents aged 12.5-17.5 years. The Food Choices and Preferences questionnaire was used to ascertain breakfast consumption (consumers, occasional consumers and skippers), and two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls were used to estimate the total daily intake and to calculate the subsequent DQI and MDS. Mixed linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between breakfast consumption and DQI-A and MDS. Age, maternal education, BMI, country and total energy intake were included as covariates. RESULTS In both sexes, significant differences were observed among the breakfast consumption categories. In both boys and girls, breakfast consumers had significantly higher DQI indices than those adolescents who skipped breakfast regularly (p < 0.001). Regarding total MDS, in both boys and girls, breakfast consumers had a higher total MDS than breakfast skippers (p < 0.001), however, no associations were shown between occasional breakfast consumers and DQI indices and MDS. CONCLUSION Breakfast consumption has been linked with better dietary quality scores compared with those children who usually skip breakfast. Promotion of regular breakfast consumption in adolescents could be an effective strategy to improve the overall diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Giménez-Legarre
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alba M Santaliestra-Pasías
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Maria Forsner
- Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences-Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Medical Physiology. School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Eva Karaglani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina-Paulina Lambrinou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Michael Sjöström
- Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Division Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept. Med II, MedUniv Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Examination of dietary intake of UK preschool children by varying carers: evidence from the 2008-2016 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2063-2074. [PMID: 34842127 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Early years caregivers can play a key role in young children's eating and the prevention of childhood obesity. The UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) is a large representative survey collecting detailed food and nutrition consumption data. Using these data, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary intake of preschool children in the UK aged 2 to 4 years and accompanying adult/s. Nutrition consumption data from 1218 preschool children from years 1 to 8 of the 2008-2016 NDNS were accessed. Dietary data were captured using 3 or 4 day estimated food diaries. Regression analyses revealed significant differences in consumption when children were not accompanied by their parents. Compared with when children were with parents, children consumed significantly more energy dense meals (0·32 kJ/g, 95% CI 0·1-0·6 kJ/g), energy (62 kJ/g, (95% CI 27-97 kJ)) Na (19 mg, (95 % CI 6, 32)), added sugars (0·6 g, (95 % CI 0·1, 1·1)), vegetables (3 g, (95 % CI 1, 4)), total grams (12 g, (95 % CI 3, 21)) and saturated fat (0·2 g, (95 % CI 0·1, 0·4)) per eating occasion when accompanied by wider family. When children were accompanied by a formal childcare provider, they consumed significantly lower energy dense meals (-0·9 kJ/g, (95% CI -1·4 - -0·3 kJ/g)), less added sugars (-1·6 g, (95 % CI -2·4, -0·8)) and more fruit (12 g, (95 % CI 3, 21)) per eating occasion than when they were with their parents. The results demonstrate that non-parental caregivers might be an important target to promote healthy eating in young children. Further research is needed to establish which caregivers would benefit most.
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Longo-Silva G, Bezerra de Oliveira PM, Pedrosa AKP, Ribeiro da Silva J, Bernardes RS, Egito de Menezes RC, Marinho PDM. Breakfast skipping and timing of lunch and dinner: Relationship with BMI and obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:507-513. [PMID: 36357259 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether breakfast-skipping, late-lunch, and late-dinner eating are cross-sectionally associated with higher BMI and obesity. Also, to identify obesogenic behaviors and circadian-related variables, associated with late eating. METHODS Participants(n = 776) were part of exploratory, population-based research, with data collection in a virtual environment. They were grouped into breakfast-eaters (first meal until 10:00) and skippers (first meal after 10:00), and the population median for the lunch and dinner timing was used to stratify participants into early (lunch/dinner-time before 12:34/20:55) and late (lunch/dinner-time after 12:34/20:55) eaters. Student's t-test and chi-square test were performed to assess differences in characteristics and lifestyle traits between groups. Logistic regression models were used to assess differences in obesity between groups. Linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the association of the clock time of meals with BMI. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders variables. RESULTS BMI raised of 0.74 Kg/m2 for each additional hour of lunch-time [95 %CI= 0.31;1.18,P ≤ 0.001]. Breakfast-skippers [OR(95 % CI):1.84(1.02;3.31);P ≤ 0.05] and late-lunch eaters [OR(95 % CI):1.61(1.04;2.49),P ≤ 0.05] had higher odds of having obesity, compared with breakfast-eaters and early-lunch eaters, respectively. These associations were independent of age, gender, diet quality, physical activity duration, and region. No statistically significant differences were found in the comparison between early and late-dinner eaters. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that skipping breakfast and eating late-lunch are associated with BMI and higher odds of having obesity. Insights into the obesogenic behaviors/characteristics related to breakfast-skipping and late-eating may be helpful for future nutritional recommendations and obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Longo-Silva
- Public Health Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Nutrition (FANUT), Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL CEP 57072-900, Brazil.
| | - Priscilla Márcia Bezerra de Oliveira
- Public Health Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Nutrition (FANUT), Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL CEP 57072-900, Brazil.
| | - Anny Kariny Pereira Pedrosa
- Public Health Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Nutrition (FANUT), Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL CEP 57072-900, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Ribeiro da Silva
- Public Health Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Nutrition (FANUT), Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL CEP 57072-900, Brazil.
| | - Renan Serenini Bernardes
- European PhD in Socio-Economic and Statistical Studies, Faculty of Economics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano, Rome..
| | - Risia Cristina Egito de Menezes
- Public Health Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Nutrition (FANUT), Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL CEP 57072-900, Brazil.
| | - Patricia de Menezes Marinho
- Public Health Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Nutrition (FANUT), Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL CEP 57072-900, Brazil.
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Knight E, Geetha T, Burnett D, Babu JR. The Role of Diet and Dietary Patterns in Parkinson's Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:4472. [PMID: 36364733 PMCID: PMC9654624 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with diminished nutrition status and decreased quality of life. While the prevalence of PD is expected to increase, no preventative or curative therapy for PD exists at this time. Although nutrition and diet represent modifiable risk factors for reducing chronic disease risk, research on the impact of single nutrients on PD has yielded mixed results. As a result, this single-nutrient approach may be the driving force behind the inconsistency, and a holistic dietary approach may overcome this inconsistency by accounting for the interactions between nutrients. The following review aims to examine the impact of a generally healthy dietary pattern, the protein-restricted diet (PRD), the ketogenic diet (KD), the Mediterranean diet (MD), and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet on PD risk, progression, and severity. While most of the included studies support the role of diet and dietary patterns in reducing the risk of PD or alleviating PD severity, the inconsistent results and need for further evidence necessitate more research being conducted before making dietary recommendations. Research on the potential beneficial effects of dietary patterns on PD should also investigate potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Knight
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Donna Burnett
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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O'Hara C, O'Sullivan A, Gibney ER. A Clustering Approach to Meal-Based Analysis of Dietary Intakes Applied to Population and Individual Data. J Nutr 2022; 152:2297-2308. [PMID: 35816468 PMCID: PMC9535445 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examination of meal intakes can elucidate the role of individual meals or meal patterns in health not evident by examining nutrient and food intakes. To date, meal-based research has been limited to focus on population rather than individual intakes, without considering portions or nutrient content when characterizing meals. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize meals commonly consumed, incorporating portions and nutritional content, and to determine the accuracy of nutrient intake estimates using these meals at both population and individual levels. METHODS The 2008-2010 Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) data were used. A total of 1500 participants, with a mean ± SD age of 44.5 ± 17.0 y and BMI of 27.1 ± 5.0 kg/m2, recorded their intake using a 4-d weighed food diary. Food groups were identified using k-means clustering. Partitioning around the medoids clustering was used to categorize similar meals into groups (generic meals) based on their Nutrient Rich Foods Index (NRF9.3) score and the food groups that they contained. The nutrient content for each generic meal was defined as the mean content of the grouped meals. Seven standard portion sizes were defined for each generic meal. Mean daily nutrient intakes were estimated using the original and the generic data. RESULTS The 27,336 meals consumed were aggregated to 63 generic meals. Effect sizes from the comparisons of mean daily nutrient intakes (from the original compared with generic meals) were negligible or small, with P values ranging from <0.001 to 0.941. When participants were classified according to nutrient-based guidelines (high, adequate, or low), the proportion of individuals who were classified into the same category ranged from 55.3% to 91.5%. CONCLUSIONS A generic meal-based method can estimate nutrient intakes based on meal rather than food intake at the sample population and individual levels. Future work will focus on incorporating this concept into a meal-based dietary intake assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathal O'Hara
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aifric O'Sullivan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Herrán OF, Herrán-Fonseca C. Meal occasion, overweight, obesity and central obesity in children and adults: a cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative survey. Colombia, 2015. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064832. [PMID: 36123072 PMCID: PMC9486272 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the association of the number of meals/day with overweight (Ow), obesity (Ob) and central obesity (CO). DESIGN Cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys. SETTING Colombia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 6985 children aged 5-17 years and 7846 adults aged 18-64 years were included. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES According to the WHO, Ow was defined in children as a body mass index (BMI)-for-age Z-score between >1 and ≤2 and in adults as a BMI between ≥25 and <30 (kg/m2). Ob was defined as a Z-score >2 in children and as a BMI ≥30 in adults. CO in children was established by sex and age using cut-off points equivalent to those of adults established by the International Diabetes Federation: ≥90 and ≥80 cm in males and females, respectively. The number of meals/day was estimated with a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Meals/day were grouped into three categories: (reference ≤3, 4 and 5+ meals/day). Crude and adjusted relative prevalence ratios (PRs) and their 95% CIs were calculated. The adjustments included usual energy intake/day and physical activity. RESULTS In children, 18.5% had Ow, 6.7% had Ob and 4.0% had CO. The adjusted PRs for five or more meals/day versus three or fewer meals/day were 1.10 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.55) for Ow, 0.95 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.59) for Ob and 1.06 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.55) for CO. In adults, 32.3% had Ow, 13.1% had Ob and 44.8% had CO. The adjusted PRs for five or more meals/day versus three or fewer meals/day were 0.58 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.76) for Ow, 0.51 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.72) for Ob and 0.70 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.92) for CO. CONCLUSIONS In children, meals/day were not associated with Ow, Ob or CO. In adults, this inverse relationship exists regardless of energy intake/day, whether physical activity goals are met, sex, age and other potentially confounding sociodemographic and environmental variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Fernando Herrán
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Catalina Herrán-Fonseca
- Programa Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
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40
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Meal Pattern in the Colombian Population: Results of the National Nutrition Survey. ENSIN, 2015. J Nutr Metab 2022; 2022:1047524. [PMID: 36061639 PMCID: PMC9436622 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1047524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Information on meal patterns (type, number, relative contribution to energy/day (%), time, and location of meals) is limited or nonexistent. Design Cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys. Setting. Colombia. Participants. n = 26,115 from 3 to 64 years old. The sample analyzed included 3,127 children between 3 and 4 years old, 13,384 children between 5 and 17 years old, and 9,604 adults between 18 and 64 years old. Data Analysis. Meal patterns were described by age group. Through multiple linear regression, crude and adjusted differences in the categories of the covariates studied were estimated. The number/day of meals was the dependent variable. Results The number of meals/day (mean ± SD) was 4.4 ± 0.0, without differences by sex (P = 0.068), current weight (P = 0.336) , or wealth index (P = 0.480), but there were differences in the level of education of the head of the household (P < 0.0001) and the level of food security of the household (P < 0.0001). A total of 96.8% of the population eats 3 or more meals/day (95% CI: 96.2, 97.2). The consumption frequency (mean ± SD) of the three main meals was 0.95 ± 0.0 “times/day,” 1.0 ± 0.0 and 0.95 ± 0.0, for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, respectively. Lunch is the meal that makes the greatest relative contribution to the total energy consumed (energy/day), 33.9% (95% CI: 32.7, 35.1). Breakfast is eaten outside the home by 13.0% of the subjects, lunch by 26.0%, and dinner by 3.8%. The minimum fasting interval is 9 hours and the maximum is 10 hours and 30 minutes. The meal pattern is equivalent to type “A,” with three main meals and two or three intermediate meals (midmorning and midafternoon) taken during 15 hours of the day. Conclusions All age groups had more than four meals/day. The number is directly related to socioeconomic level. Lunch is the main meal.
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Definitions and Assessment Methods of ‘Home Cooking’ in Studies with Dietary Variables: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163344. [PMID: 36014848 PMCID: PMC9412361 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Home cooking is a complex idea that involves multiple skills and behaviors and can be interpreted differently. Using six databases (two of which were Japanese), this scoping review examined the definitions and methods used in studies investigating the relationship between home cooking and dietary variables. Of the 40 studies (2 in Japanese) included in this review, 8 provided definitions but did not specify the extent or level that convenience foods can be allowed in food preparation. The methods were classified into two categories, namely, perception-dependent (n = 29) if using a self-reported instrument, or perception-independent (n = 11) if based on investigators’ classification. Subsequently, indicators of home cooking were classified based on survey attributes (e.g., frequency, location). All but five studies used single indicators, primarily the preparation frequency (n = 18). Quality of analysis was also evaluated. Studies that used multiple indicators or perception-independent methods showed high or moderate overall quality. In contrast, studies that used single indicators based on perception-dependent methods tended to have a low overall quality. The consistency of the relationship between home cooking and dietary variables depended on study quality. In conclusion, the definitions of home cooking were inconsistent across studies, and lacked consensus for examining the association between dietary outcomes.
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Relative Validity of Food Intake in Each Meal Type and Overall Food Intake Derived Using the Meal-Based Diet History Questionnaire against the 4-Day Weighed Dietary Record in Japanese Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153193. [PMID: 35956369 PMCID: PMC9370650 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the relative validity of food intake for each meal type (breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks) and overall food intake obtained through the Meal-based Diet History Questionnaire (MDHQ). In total, 222 Japanese adults (111 for each sex) aged 30–76 years completed the web version of the MDHQ and then the 4-non-consecutive-day weighed dietary record (DR). The number of major food groups (n = 24 in total) for which no statistically significant difference was observed between median intakes estimated using the DR and MDHQ ranged from 8 (snacks) to 12 (dinner) among women, and from 8 (breakfast) to 13 (lunch) among men. The median values of the Spearman’s correlation coefficients between the MDHQ and DR estimates ranged from 0.28 (dinner) to 0.54 (breakfast) among women, and from 0.24 (dinner) and 0.60 (breakfast) among men. Bland–Altman analyses generally showed wide limits of agreement and proportional bias. Similar results were obtained using the paper version of the MDHQ, which was completed after conducting the DR. In conclusion, the MDHQ has a satisfactory ability to estimate median intake and rank individuals according to consumption for many food groups, despite a limited ability to estimate food group intakes on an individual level.
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Associations among perceived taste and smell sensitivity, gastrointestinal symptoms, and restrictive eating in a community sample of adults. Eat Behav 2022; 46:101647. [PMID: 35763980 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Restrictive eating is associated with several poor health outcomes. Exteroceptive sensory modalities, including taste and smell, are employed while eating and disturbances in exteroceptive sensitivity may influence eating behavior. Meal-related gastrointestinal disturbances, such as early satiety and postprandial fullness, are well-documented in eating disorders and may influence eating behavior. This study examined the relationships of perceived sensitivity to taste or smell and gastrointestinal symptoms with restrictive eating, and potential interactions between gastrointestinal symptoms and perceived sensitivity to taste or smell. Adults aged 18-65 were recruited via ResearchMatch.org (N = 420) and completed questionnaires assessing restrictive eating, perceived sensitivity to taste and smell, and gastrointestinal symptom severity. There was a weak relationship between restrictive eating and perceived sensitivity to taste (r = -0.115, p = .022) and smell (r = -0.101, p = .039). There was a strong relationship between gastrointestinal symptom severity and restrictive eating (r = 0.583, p < .001). Gastrointestinal symptom severity moderated the relationship between perceived sensitivity to taste and restrictive eating, such that this relationship was strongest at lower levels of gastrointestinal symptom severity (Estimate = -0.136, p = .014). There was no observed interaction between perceived sensitivity to smell and gastrointestinal symptoms (Estimate = 0.001, p = .156). Results indicate that increased perceived sensitivity to taste, smell, and gastrointestinal symptom severity were each associated with greater restrictive eating. The relationship between perceived sensitivity to taste and restrictive eating is strongest at lower gastrointestinal symptom severity. Future research should examine whether tailoring treatments for individuals who present with elevated perceived sensitivity to taste or smell, gastrointestinal symptoms, or both is effective in reducing restrictive eating.
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Quadra MR, Santos LPD, Schäfer AA, Meller FDO. [Influence of sleep and chrononutrition on hypertension and diabetes: a population-based study]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2022; 38:e00291021. [PMID: 35894369 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xpt291021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective is to evaluate the influence of sleep and chrononutrition on hypertension and diabetes in the adult population (18 years or older) in a municipality in Southern Brazil. This is a population-based cross-sectional study, developed in Criciúma, State of Santa Catarina, in 2019. The exposure variables were sleep duration and quality, and two of the main aspects of chrononutrition, the number of daily meals and the presence of breakfast. The outcomes studied were diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression with robust variance was used to evaluate the associations between exposures and outcomes. For all analyses, the effect of the sample design was considered, and the significance level adopted was 5%. In total, 820 patients were evaluated. The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension was of 19.9% and 44.1%, respectively. Individuals with worse sleep quality had a higher prevalence of 33% for diabetes and 17% for hypertension, compared to those with good quality of sleep. Those who had four or more meals per day had a 16% lower prevalence of hypertension, when compared to those who had less than four meals. We concluded that the quality of sleep and the number of daily meals, a feeding behavior related to chrononutrition, were related to hypertension and diabetes. These results highlight the importance of public health actions that address new strategies for coping with these diseases focused on sleep quality and chrononutrition.
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Eating architecture in adults at increased risk of type 2 diabetes: associations with body fat and glycaemic control. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:324-333. [PMID: 34348822 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eating architecture is a term that describes meal frequency, meal timing and meal size and the daily variation in each of these. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between components of eating architecture on body fat and markers of glycaemic control in healthy adults at increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Participants (n 73, 39 males, age 58·8 (8·1) years, BMI 33·4 (4·4) kg/m2) recorded food intake and wore accelerometers and continuous glucose monitors (CGM) for 7-14 d under free-living conditions. Body fat and glycated Hb (HbA1c) were also measured. The mean and day-to-day variation (calculated as the standard deviation during the monitoring period) of each component of eating architecture were calculated. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed for three separate outcome variables (body fat mass, mean CGM glucose and HbA1c) for each component of eating architecture before and after adjustment for confounders. Higher variability in the time of first meal consumption was associated with increased body fat mass after adjusting for confounders (β = 0·227, 95 % CI: 0·019, 0·434, P = 0·033). Increased variability in the time lag from waking to first meal consumption was also positively associated with increased HbA1c after adjustment (β = 0·285, 95 % CI: 0·040, 0·530, P = 0·023). Low day-to-day variability in first meal consumption was associated with lower body fat and improved glucose control in adults at increased risk of T2DM. Routine consumption of meals may optimise temporal regulation to anticipate and respond appropriately to a glucose challenge.
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Cheese Intake Exhibits an Alteration of Glycolipid Profile and Impacts on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver in Bahraini Older Adults. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:geriatrics7040075. [PMID: 35893322 PMCID: PMC9326538 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial condition characterized by a complex interrelation between genetic and environmental factors that heighten the risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. It is hypothesized that diet may play an important role in the regulation of metabolic syndrome factors and influence the process. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the specific dietary patterns associated with metabolic syndrome markers and quantify the possible effects of dietary patterns among Bahrain older adults. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 151 Bahraini patients diagnosed with MetS, 89 (58.7%) were females and 62 (41.3%) males. Results: The prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver was 89%. Statistically significant correlations were found between dairy products with low fat and SBP (r = 0.182, p < 0.001) body mass index (BMI) (r = −0.195; p < −0.01). Higher chicken consumption was associated with reduction of BMI (r = −0.273; p < −0.01). A higher consumption of ricotta and cheddar cheese (high in fat) was associated with higher levels of triglycerides (p < 0.01). Higher frequent consumption of rice (basmati) was associated with lower glucose levels (r = −0.200; p < −0.01). Fatty liver has been associated with high consumption of cream cheese (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In older Bahraini adults with metabolic syndrome, higher frequency of food consumption of full-fat cheese was linked with a derangement of lipid profile and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver. Positive effects on BMI have been recorded with higher-frequency consumption of basmati rice and chicken.
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Sari DW, Noguchi-Watanabe M, Sasaki S, Yamamoto-Mitani N. Dietary Patterns of 479 Indonesian Adults and Their Associations with Sodium and Potassium Intakes Estimated by Two 24-h Urine Collections. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142905. [PMID: 35889861 PMCID: PMC9318011 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The excess sodium (Na) intake and insufficient potassium (K) intake are frequently observed all over the world, including Indonesia. This study explored the dietary patterns of Indonesian people and evaluated their associations with Na and K intakes. Na and K intakes were assessed by repeated 24-h urine collection. The dietary patterns of the previous month were extracted by factor analysis using the Indonesian Food Frequency Questionnaire. The participants were community-dwelling Indonesian men and women (n = 479) aged 20 years and over. We identified four dietary patterns in each sex. After controlling for confounding factors, the high quantile of ‘Noodle, oil, and salty sea products’ pattern was associated with the high Na intake in both men and women (p = 0.02 and <0.001, respectively). The ‘Meat, vegetable, oil, and fruit’ pattern statistically significantly contributed to the high K intake in men (p = 0.04), but not in women (p = 0.26). The ‘Vegetable, non-oil, and milk’ pattern in men and ‘Meat, vegetable, and fruit’ pattern in women were associated with low Na:K ratios (p = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). Neither ‘bread’ nor ‘fish’ appeared as a major determinant of any dietary patterns in this population. The ‘Noodle, oil, and salty sea products’ pattern should be avoided to reduce sodium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianis Wulan Sari
- Department of Gerontological Home Care and Long-term Care Nursing, Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Jln. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java 60115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: or (D.W.S.); (N.Y.-M.); Tel.: +62-31-5913754 (D.W.S.); +81-3-5841-3508 (N.Y.-M.); Fax: +62-31-5913752 (D.W.S.); +81-3-5841-3502 (N.Y.-M.)
| | - Maiko Noguchi-Watanabe
- Department of Gerontological Home Care and Long-term Care Nursing, Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Department of Home Care Nursing Science, School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Noriko Yamamoto-Mitani
- Department of Gerontological Home Care and Long-term Care Nursing, Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Correspondence: or (D.W.S.); (N.Y.-M.); Tel.: +62-31-5913754 (D.W.S.); +81-3-5841-3508 (N.Y.-M.); Fax: +62-31-5913752 (D.W.S.); +81-3-5841-3502 (N.Y.-M.)
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Stalling I, Albrecht BM, Foettinger L, Recke C, Bammann K. Meal Patterns of Older Adults: Results from the OUTDOOR ACTIVE Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142784. [PMID: 35889741 PMCID: PMC9320477 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating habits have a substantial effect on health, not only because of consumed foods and nutrients, but also because of the regularity of meals. This study investigates meal patterns in older adults. Data from 1198 adults (52.8% female) aged between 65 and 75 years, who resided in Bremen, Germany, were included in this cross-sectional study. Using a self-administered questionnaire, daily meals were assessed and categorised into three meal pattern types: ‘regular eaters’ (eating at least three meals a day), ‘meal skippers’ (skipping one meal a day), and ‘irregular eaters’ (skipping more than one meal a day). Descriptive analyses were carried out, stratified by sex and meal pattern types. Most women and men were regular eaters (51.5% and 51.7%, respectively), 33.8% of women and 33.3% of men were meal skippers, and 14.7% of women and 15.0% of men were irregular eaters. Differences between meal patterns were seen with regard to socioeconomic status; self-rated health; body-mass index; hypertension; consumption of self-prepared meals; and consumption of whole-grain products, green vegetables, meat, and alcohol. The results provide first insights into possible associations between meal patterns and sociodemographic and health factors, and can benefit disease prevention and health promotion in older adults.
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Eating patterns in a nationwide sample of Japanese aged 1-79 years from MINNADE study: eating frequency, clock time for eating, time spent on eating and variability of eating patterns. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1515-1527. [PMID: 33663632 PMCID: PMC9991801 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although there is growing evidence suggesting that eating patterns are important determinants of health status, comprehensive information on patterning of eating behaviours is almost lacking. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe eating patterns in Japan. DESIGN Information on actual eating behaviours was collected using 2-d dietary record in each season over a year (total 8 d). Eating occasions were defined as any discrete intake occasion (with a discrete start clock time and name) except for eating occasions consisting of water only, which were excluded. SETTING Japan. PARTICIPANTS A nationwide sample of 4032 Japanese aged 1-79 years. RESULTS The mean value of eating frequency of meals (i.e. breakfast, lunch and dinner), snacks and total eating occasions was 2·94, 1·74 and 4·68 times/d, respectively. The mean clock time for the start of breakfast, lunch and dinner was 07.24, 12.29 and 19.15 h, respectively. The mean time spent consuming breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks was 19, 25, 34 and 27 min/d, respectively. On average, variability (i.e. average of absolute difference from mean) of meal frequency was small compared with that of snack frequency and total eating frequency. Both mean variability of clock time for the start of eating (<1 h) and mean variability of time spent on meals (<10 min/d) were also small. Conversely, mean variability of time spent on snacks was large (>18 min/d). CONCLUSION The present findings serve as both a reference and an indication for future research on patterning of eating behaviours.
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Apergi K, Karatzi K, Reppas K, Karaglani E, Usheva N, Giménez-Legarre N, Moreno LA, Dimova R, Antal E, Jemina K, Cardon G, Iotova V, Manios Y, Makrilakis K. Association of breakfast consumption frequency with fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity/b cells function (HOMA-IR) in adults from high-risk families for type 2 diabetes in Europe: the Feel4Diabetes Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1600-1610. [PMID: 35614208 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the association of breakfast consumption frequency (BCF) with glycemic control indices in a cross-sectional sample of adults from families at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), exploring the role of sex and socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS In 2370 adults (40.8 ± 5.6 years) from 6 European countries, sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric and biochemical characteristics were assessed through standardized procedures. Multivariable regression models were used to examine the association between fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (dependent variables) with BCF (independent variable) controlling for multiple possible confounders. RESULTS A linear association of BCF with FG (β = -0.557, 95% CI (-0.834, -0.280)) and a quadratic association with FI and HOMA-IR with the highest point of curve observed at BCF = 2.989 (times/week) and at BCF = 2.746, respectively, independent of the used covariates. In males and in participants of high SES, BCF was linearly and inversely associated with FG, while with FI and HOMA-IR there was an association with BCF in quadratic function. In females, BCF was linearly and inversely associated with FG and HOMA-IR, and there was a quadratic association with FI. In low SES there was only a linear association with FG, yet with no statistically significant findings for FI and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Regular breakfast consumption, especially >3 times/week is associated with improved indices of glycemic control. This association was diminished in low SES participants in the presence of the used covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiriaki Apergi
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Kalliopi Karatzi
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life Department Of Food Science & Human Nutrition School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Reppas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Karaglani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalya Usheva
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Care, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Natalia Giménez-Legarre
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de InvestigAICón Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de InvestigAICón Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de InvestigAICón Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roumyana Dimova
- Clinical Center of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emese Antal
- Hungarian Society of Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kivelä Jemina
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Violeta Iotova
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,Institute of Agri-food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, Heraklion, Greece
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