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Selinger S, Hunnie B, Roberts C, Amekor M, Hogan N, Wiseman S, Hecker M, Weber L, Janz D, Brinkmann M. Sublethal 6PPD-quinone exposure impairs swimming performance and aerobic metabolism in juvenile lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2025; 294:110166. [PMID: 40049435 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2025] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 03/09/2025]
Abstract
6PPD-quinone, an environmental oxidation product of the rubber tire antioxidant 6PPD, has recently gained recognition as a chemical of concern. Frequently detected in road runoff and surface waters, studies have reported this compound to cause acute lethality in several salmonid species at extremely low concentrations, including lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush; 24-h LC50 = 0.51 μg/L). Following exposure, species experiencing acute lethality show characteristic symptoms such as gasping, spiraling, increased ventilation, loss of equilibrium, erratic movements, and tumbling. However, there is a deficit of research targeted at understanding sublethal toxicities of 6PPD-quinone exposure, particularly concerning swimming capability and metabolic function. To evaluate these effects, juvenile lake trout were exposed for 20 h to a measured concentration of 0.46 μg/L 6PPD-quinone in a swim tunnel respirometer to assess temporal changes in standard metabolic rate (SMR) compared to controls. Following exposure, fish underwent a swim trial to determine critical swimming speed (Ucrit), oxygen consumption rate (MO2), active metabolic rate (AMR), aerobic scope (AS) and energetic cost of transport (CoT), followed by analysis of muscle triglyceride and glycogen concentrations. Results showed that 6PPD-quinone exposure impaired swimming performance, evident by a decrease in Ucrit. Additionally, exposure resulted in decreased AMR, although alterations in SMR were not observed. Decreased concentrations of muscle triglycerides of swam fish were also observed. These findings suggest that environmentally relevant concentrations of 6PPD-quinone disrupt aerobic metabolic capacity in juvenile lake trout, producing adverse effects that diminish endurance and maximum swim speeds, which may affect survival of fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer Selinger
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Blake Hunnie
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Catherine Roberts
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mawuli Amekor
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Natacha Hogan
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lynn Weber
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David Janz
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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2
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Domaoal JG, Stack ME, Hollman K, Khanum S, Cho C, Daines A, Mladenov N, Hoh E, Sant KE. Effects of sunlight exposure on tire tread particle leachates: Chemical composition and toxicity in aquatic systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2025; 374:126286. [PMID: 40258507 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2025] [Revised: 04/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/19/2025] [Indexed: 04/23/2025]
Abstract
Tire tread particles (TTP) are small micro- or nano-particles resulting from the friction of tire tread against roadways. These secondary microplastics have been found in waterways, arriving through airborne means or runoff. Due to their abundance and persistence in aquatic environments, TTP pose a potential hazard to wildlife. Natural degradation processes like photoirradiation can potentially worsen this by transforming leached TTP chemicals. In this study, we assessed the toxicity and chemical composition of TTP leachates produced over 1 or 6 days in either dark or photoirradiated conditions. For toxicity studies, zebrafish embryos were exposed to leachates over a range of concentrations and from 0 to 4 days post fertilization. TTP exposures impaired survival and hatching, induced embryonic defects, and modulated detoxification by the enzyme ethyoxyresorufin-O-deethylase. RNA sequencing revealed divergent effects based on photoirradiation, including impacts on glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function. For chemical analysis, leachates were assessed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC/TOF-MS) and chromatographic features were annotated. In total, 546 chromatographic features were detected across all samples, and clustering showed unique chemical profiles based on photoirradiation during leaching. Several compounds were in high abundance in 1-day irradiated leachates, including 1,3-diphenylguanidine, aniline, and 1H-benzotriazole, though their relative abundance was reduced in 6-day leachates. Overall, this research compounds on the existing literature defining TTPs as toxic microplastics in the environment, and we show novel chemical and toxicological data that demonstrates how photoirradiation in the natural environment may exacerbate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenielle G Domaoal
- San Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA
| | - Margaret E Stack
- San Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA; San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA
| | - Kelly Hollman
- San Diego State University Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego, 92128, CA, USA
| | - Saleha Khanum
- San Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA; San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA
| | - Christine Cho
- San Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA
| | - Alysia Daines
- San Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA
| | - Natalie Mladenov
- San Diego State University Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego, 92128, CA, USA
| | - Eunha Hoh
- San Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA
| | - Karilyn E Sant
- San Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA; Michigan State University, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA.
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3
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Jia W, Deng Y, Liu H, Yang J, Cao Q, Huang K, Li Y, Shi L, Ma Y. Nontargeted screening of contaminants of emerging concern in the Nandu River Estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2025; 215:117870. [PMID: 40147050 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2025] [Revised: 03/22/2025] [Accepted: 03/22/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in estuaries have received increasing attention due to their potential environmental impacts. However, detailed analyses of the sources, transport mechanisms, and environmental consequences of these contaminants remain limited. This study applied non-target screening technology to comprehensively assess CECs in the Nandu River estuary. A total of 18,000 characteristic features were screened, revealing a greater number of hydrophobic features in seawater than in the estuary. Systematic classification identified 74, 195, and 48 compounds at Levels 1, 2, and 4 respectively, with primary classifications comprising pharmaceuticals (34 %), industrial materials (23 %), pesticides (18 %), and natural products (17 %). Semi-quantitative analysis employing external standards revealed elevated concentrations of 61 monitored contaminants in estuarine zones compared to offshore waters, with Climbazole exhibiting peak concentration levels. Ecological risk assessment identified 12 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) requiring prioritized monitoring (with RQ > 1). A priority list was established based on the frequency of detection, bioaccumulation potential, persistence, toxicity and endocrine disruption potential of the compounds. 64 CECs were identified as high priority, consisting mainly of pesticides and pharmaceutical compounds. Pesticides originate primarily from upstream agricultural activities, decreasing in concentration downstream, whereas pharmaceuticals, industrial materials, and natural products are linked to domestic sewage. Tidal cycles play a crucial role in modulating the distribution and concentration of CECs within estuarine waters. This modulation is attributed to the dynamic interaction between terrestrial inputs and coastal influences, where high tides contribute significantly to the dilution of land-derived pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - He Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Institute of Ecological Environment and Soil Research, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Qingyang Cao
- Guangxi Construction & Kejingyuan Eco-Environment Investment Co.,Ltd; Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Kaibo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yihao Li
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Liangliang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yini Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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4
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Xia D, Pan G, Liu Y, Liu H, Zhao B, Wu J, Tang T, Lu G, Wang R. Unlocking the future potential of SWATH-MS: Advancing non-target screening workflow for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of emerging contaminants. WATER RESEARCH 2025; 277:123323. [PMID: 40020354 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/03/2025]
Abstract
SWATH-MS offers a robust data-independent acquisition method for complex proteomics and metabolomics. This study presents a detailed non-target screening workflow utilizing SWATH-MS to detect and analyze emerging contaminants (ECs) in aquatic environments. Our workflow, covering peak picking, alignment, prioritization, structure identification, and quantification, effectively identified all qualifying peaks from 298 standard compounds with different concentrations, discarding any that did not meet the criteria. In extracts of real water samples spiked at 100 and 10 ng/mL, our workflow prioritized 2083 and 1328 features, respectively. Following structure identification, these features were assigned confidence levels ranging from 1 to 5. Of these, 215 and 92 spiked standards achieved level 1. The remaining standards were not recognized as level 1 due to low intensities or poor peak shapes that failed to meet certain criteria. Additionally, using fragment ion peak areas for quantification significantly improved the linearity of standard curves, enhancing R2 values for ∼63 % of the standards. Incorporating fragment ion data improved quantification accuracy, increasing compounds within the 80 %-120 % range from 78 % to 90 % at 100 ng/mL and within the 50 %-150 % range from 36 % to 69 % at 10 ng/mL. These findings underscore SWATH-MS's potential to enhance monitoring of ECs and ecological risk assessments, providing critical insights for environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xia
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Guofang Pan
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yaxiong Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Rapid Drug Inspection Technology, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - He Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ting Tang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rui Wang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Australian Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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5
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Chen X, Le Y, Wang W, Ding Y, Wang SQ, Chen R, Xiang H, Qiu XW, Feng H. p-Phenylenediamines and their derived quinones: A review of their environmental fate, human exposure, and biological toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 488:137373. [PMID: 39869976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2024] [Revised: 01/08/2025] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 01/29/2025]
Abstract
p-Phenylenediamines (PPDs) are widely used as antioxidants in numerous rubber products to prevent or delay oxidation and corrosion. However, their derived quinones (PPD-Qs), generated through reactions with ozone, are ubiquitous in the environment and raise significant health and toxicity concerns. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on environmental distribution and fate, human exposure, and biological toxicity of PPDs and PPD-Qs, and makes recommendations for future research directions. Although PPDs and PPD-Qs have been monitored in a variety of environmental matrices, studies on soil, sediment, and organisms remain limited. This shortcoming hinders our understanding of their distribution patterns and migration mechanisms in these specific environments. These contaminants can enter the human body through various exposure routes, but toxicological studies have not yielded sufficient results to derive risk thresholds for the assessment of human health. Most studies examining biological and toxicological effects have focused on acute exposure scenarios, which do not accurately reflect the long-term interactions that occur in natural settings. The toxic effects of PPDs and PPD-Qs on zebrafish, nematodes, and mammals include neurobehavioral changes, reproductive dysfunction, and digestive damage, which are linked to mitochondrial stress, DNA adduct formation, and disrupted lipid metabolism, respectively. However, the underlying toxicological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Future research should prioritize the investigation of the impacts of PPDs and PPD-Qs on various organizational levels within biota to provide a scientific basis for developing effective risk management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, College of Carbon Neutral, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanna Le
- Hangzhou Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wanyue Wang
- College of Environment and Resources, College of Carbon Neutral, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yangcheng Ding
- College of Environment and Resources, College of Carbon Neutral, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Si-Qi Wang
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Ruya Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hai Xiang
- College of Environment and Resources, College of Carbon Neutral, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Xia-Wen Qiu
- College of Environment and Resources, College of Carbon Neutral, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua 321015, China.
| | - Huajun Feng
- College of Environment and Resources, College of Carbon Neutral, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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6
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Brand JA, Martin JM, Michelangeli M, Thoré ES, Sandoval-Herrera N, McCallum ES, Szabo D, Callahan DL, Clark TD, Bertram MG, Brodin T. Advancing the Spatiotemporal Dimension of Wildlife-Pollution Interactions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2025; 12:358-370. [PMID: 40224496 PMCID: PMC11984497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2025] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025]
Abstract
Chemical pollution is one of the fastest-growing agents of global change. Numerous pollutants are known to disrupt animal behavior, alter ecological interactions, and shift evolutionary trajectories. Crucially, both chemical pollutants and individual organisms are nonrandomly distributed throughout the environment. Despite this fact, the current evidence for chemical-induced impacts on wildlife largely stems from tests that restrict organism movement and force homogeneous exposures. While such approaches have provided pivotal ecotoxicological insights, they overlook the dynamic spatiotemporal interactions that shape wildlife-pollution relationships in nature. Indeed, the seemingly simple notion that pollutants and animals move nonrandomly in the environment creates a complex of dynamic interactions, many of which have never been theoretically modeled or experimentally tested. Here, we conceptualize dynamic interactions between spatiotemporal variation in pollutants and organisms and highlight their ecological and evolutionary implications. We propose a three-pronged approach-integrating in silico modeling, laboratory experiments that allow movement, and field-based tracking of free-ranging animals-to bridge the gap between controlled ecotoxicological studies and real-world wildlife exposures. Advances in telemetry, remote sensing, and computational models provide the necessary tools to quantify these interactions, paving the way for a new era of ecotoxicology that accounts for spatiotemporal complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A. Brand
- Department
of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 907 36, Sweden
- Institute
of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Jake M. Martin
- Department
of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 907 36, Sweden
- Department
of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
- School
of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- School
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin
University, Waurn Ponds 3216, Australia
| | - Marcus Michelangeli
- Department
of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 907 36, Sweden
- Australian
Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia
| | - Eli S.J. Thoré
- Department
of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 907 36, Sweden
- TRANSfarm
- Science, Engineering, & Technology Group, KU Leuven, Lovenjoel 3360, Belgium
- Laboratory
of Adaptive Biodynamics, Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary
Biology, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Natalia Sandoval-Herrera
- Department
of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 907 36, Sweden
| | - Erin S. McCallum
- Department
of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 907 36, Sweden
| | - Drew Szabo
- Centre
of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- School
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin
University, Waurn Ponds 3216, Australia
| | - Timothy D. Clark
- School
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin
University, Waurn Ponds 3216, Australia
| | - Michael G. Bertram
- Department
of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 907 36, Sweden
- Department
of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
- School
of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department
of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 907 36, Sweden
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7
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Sobus JR, Sayre-Smith NA, Chao A, Ferland TM, Minucci JM, Carr ET, Brunelle LD, Batt AL, Whitehead HD, Cathey T, Boyce M, Ulrich EM, McCord JP, Williams AJ. Automated QA/QC reporting for non-targeted analysis: a demonstration of "INTERPRET NTA" with de facto water reuse data. Anal Bioanal Chem 2025; 417:1897-1914. [PMID: 39953322 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-025-05771-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2025] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses non-targeted analysis (NTA) to characterize potential risks associated with environmental pollutants and anthropogenic materials. NTA is used throughout EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) to support the needs of states, tribes, EPA regions, EPA program offices, and other outside partners. NTA methods are complex and conducted via myriad instrumental platforms and software products. Comprehensive standards do not yet exist to guide NTA quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures. Furthermore, no single software tool meets EPA's needs for QA/QC review and documentation. Considering these factors, ORD developed "INTERPRET NTA" (Interface for Processing, Reviewing, and Translating NTA data) to support liquid chromatography (LC) high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) NTA experiments. For purposes of NTA QA/QC, INTERPRET NTA (1) calculates data quality statistics related to accuracy, precision, and reproducibility; (2) produces interactive visualizations to facilitate quality threshold optimization; and (3) outputs comprehensive documentation for inclusion in official reports and research publications. INTERPRET NTA has additional functionality to facilitate rapid chemical identification and risk-based prioritization. The current article describes only the QA/QC elements of INTERPRET NTA's MS1 workflow, which are demonstrated using published data from a de facto water reuse study. INTERPRET NTA, in its current form, exists primarily to meet the needs of EPA and its partners, but a public release is planned. Workflows, terminology, and outputs of INTERPRET NTA provide a focal point for necessary discussions on the harmonization of NTA QA/QC practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon R Sobus
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Nickolas A Sayre-Smith
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Alex Chao
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Troy M Ferland
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Minucci
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - E Tyler Carr
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
- Oak Ridge Affiliated Universities (ORAU) Student Services Contractor, 109 T.W Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Laura D Brunelle
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Angela L Batt
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Heather D Whitehead
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Tommy Cathey
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Matthew Boyce
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Elin M Ulrich
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - James P McCord
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modelling, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Antony J Williams
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
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8
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Strynar MJ. A paradigm shift in environmental monitoring - The time for non-targeted analysis (NTA) is now. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2025; 197:109332. [PMID: 40023114 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2025] [Revised: 02/13/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Strynar
- United States Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research and Development/Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, United States.
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9
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Selinger SJ, Montgomery D, Wiseman S, Hecker M, Weber L, Brinkmann M, Janz D. Acute cardiorespiratory effects of 6PPD-quinone on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2025; 280:107288. [PMID: 39961199 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2025] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025]
Abstract
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-quinone) is an environmental transformation product of the widely used rubber tire antioxidant, 6PPD. Found in stormwater runoff, 6PPD-quinone has been reported to cause acute lethality at ≤1 μg/L in salmonids like coho salmon, rainbow trout, and brook trout. Conversely, other species such as Arctic char and brown trout are insensitive, even when exposed to significantly greater concentrations (3.8-50 μg/L). Sensitive species exhibit symptoms such as gasping, spiraling, increased ventilation, and loss of equilibrium, suggesting a possible impact on cardiorespiratory physiology. This study investigated sublethal 6PPD-quinone toxicities, focusing on cardiovascular and metabolic effects in two salmonids of varying sensitivity: a sensitive species, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and a tolerant species, Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). Fish were exposed to measured concentrations of 0.59 or 7.15 μg/L 6PPD-quinone, respectively, in respirometry chambers for 48 h to assess temporal changes in resting oxygen consumption compared to unexposed controls. Following exposure, cardiac ultrasound and electrocardiography characterized cardiac function in vivo, while blood gas analysis examined blood composition changes. In both species, changes in resting oxygen consumption were observed. In rainbow trout only, a decrease in end systolic volume and an increase in passive ventricular filling, cardiac output, and PR interval length were observed, indicating cardiac stimulation. Cardiorespiratory symptoms observed following rainbow trout exposure might partly be driven by a significant increase in methemoglobin, resulting in an impaired ability to oxygenate tissues. This study is the first to examine the effects of 6PPD-quinone exposure on the cardiorespiratory system of salmonid fishes and provides information invaluable to a better understanding of the mechanism of 6PPD-quinone toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer J Selinger
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David Montgomery
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Lynn Weber
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - David Janz
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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10
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Román-Zas C, Ferreiro B, Terán-Baamonde J, Estela Del Castillo Busto M, Andrade JM, Muniategui S. Measurement of tyre-based microplastics using traditional and quantum cascade laser-based infrared spectrometry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2025; 327:125321. [PMID: 39476590 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.125321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the potential environmental impact of TWPs (tyre wear particles), there is a lack of reliable analytical methodologies suitable for their routine identification and characterization. The number of papers dealing with this topic is, so far, very reduced and, therefore, there is a need for addressing it, mostly because traditional transmittance-based IR techniques are suboptimal due to scattering caused by black carbon in tyres. RESULTS This study aims to evaluate the most appropriate infrared (IR) spectrometric technique for monitoring TWPs. Macro attenuated total reflectance (ATR), reflectance microscopy, and quantum cascade laser-based micro transflectance (QCL-LDIR) were employed to analyse samples from used car and truck tyres in two sample configurations: small tyre fragments (∼1 cm2) and TWPs (< 1 mm). ATR yielded well-defined spectra with good signal-to-noise ratios, allowing for a straightforward interpretation of the major functional moieties. Despite reflectance measurements on tyre fragments provided good results, those on TWPs offered limited information due to noise and scattering. Transflectance offered clear peaks and enhanced resolution in the fingerprint region -compared to the other techniques-, much faster analysis times and the ability to effectively measure particles down to 20-10 µm, thus, emerging as the most effective technique for TWPs analysis. However, spectral interpretation is not immediate. Further, a proof-of-concept chemometric study was done to evaluate whether the analytical techniques contain information to differentiate types of tyres. An unsupervised pattern recognition and a supervised classification technique (principal components analysis and classification trees, respectively) were used, which were able to differentiate among the tyres, notably the truck tyre from the cars tyres. SIGNIFICANCE The study presents first time the use of micro transflectance IR to study tyre particles down to 20 µm. Traditional total attenuated reflectance is demonstrated as a suitable way to analyse bigger microplastics. These two options open pathways to monitor this important emerging contaminant in environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Román-Zas
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Borja Ferreiro
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Javier Terán-Baamonde
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - M Estela Del Castillo Busto
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - José M Andrade
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Soledad Muniategui
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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11
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Lyu Y, Jia D, Tang M, Hu J, Zhang W, Sun W, Ni J. Organic Micropollutants in Waterways of a Large-Scale Water Diversion Project: Insights from Nontarget Screening and "Community" Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2025; 59:2765-2777. [PMID: 39885767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2025]
Abstract
Large-scale water diversion projects are essential for meeting the needs of water-stressed regions, necessitating an evaluation of their impact on water quality and aquatic ecosystems. This study provides the first snapshots of organic micropollutants (OMPs) along the 1466 km Eastern Route of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Using nontarget analysis with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry, we identified and quantified 357 OMPs from water samples collected during the water diversion period (WDP) and the nonwater diversion period (NWDP). The OMPs included 136 household compounds, 112 agricultural compounds, 102 industrial compounds, and 7 traffic markers. Significant regional variations in OMP concentrations and compositions were observed during the NWDP due to diverse local pollution sources along the route. However, such differences were reduced during the WDP, likely due to water transfer. OMP diversity varied substantially during the NWDP but was more stable with less distance decay during the WDP. Network analysis indicated closer relationships between the OMPs during the WDP, suggesting a more consistent spatial distribution. The source water overwhelmingly influenced the water quality along the diversion route. These findings underscore the need for ongoing assessments of the impact of water diversion on regional water quality and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dantong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Moran Tang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingrun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Environmental Science, and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Weiling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinren Ni
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
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12
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Ye X, Niu X, Li L, Lv M, Zhang D, Chen D, Line Y, Yang Z. Insights into the impact of 6PPD-Q and 6PPD on nitrogen metabolism and microbial community in the anammox system. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2025; 266:120485. [PMID: 39675450 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2024] [Revised: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024]
Abstract
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is an antioxidant commonly used in tire manufacturing, and its release into the environment has significantly increased due to rapid urbanization. When subjected to ozonation, 6PPD converts into the harmful pollutant 6PPD quinone (6PPDQ). These substances enter wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) via stormwater runoff and pipelines, posing significant risks to the functional microorganisms. Anammox, a strictly controlled and sensitive microbial nitrogen removal process, is especially susceptible to the effects of the pollutants. This study investigates the comprehensive impact of 6PPD-Q and 6PPD on anammox communities based on characterization analysis and metagenomics. At environmental concentrations, 6PPD-Q at 200 ng/L-1000 ng/L led to the disintegration of anammox granules. Extended exposure to both 6PPD-Q and 6PPD significantly reduces the population of anammox bacteria (AnAOB). By utilizing organic matter from dead cells and incoming carbonate as a carbon source, the system evolved into a nitrogen metabolism network primarily focused on denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). This transformation was accompanied by a reshuffling of the microbial community and associated genes, resulting in an accumulation of NH4+-N. These findings underscore the toxicity of 6PPD-Q and 6PPD to anammox and stress the importance of incorporating 6PPD into regulatory and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyao Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Niu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Ling Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Mengyu Lv
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China.
| | - Deye Chen
- China Water Resources Pearl River Planning Surveying and Designing Co.Ltd. Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Yu Line
- Guangzhou Urban Drainage Company Limited, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiquan Yang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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13
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Liu C, Wan S, Cheng Y, Lv Z, Luo S, Liang Y, Xie Y, Leng X, Hu M, Zhang B, Yang X, Zheng G. Occurrence, sources, and human exposure assessment of amine-based rubber additives in dust from various micro-environments in South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 955:177023. [PMID: 39423893 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
Despite the ubiquitous use and potential health effects of amine-based rubber additives, information regarding their occurrences in indoor environments remains scarce and is basically investigated in traffic-related environments. In this study, a total of 140 dust samples collected from eight indoor micro-environments were analyzed for twelve amine-based rubber additives. Overall, 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-penylenediamine (6PPD), 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ), and hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine (HMMM) were frequently detected across all micro-environments with detection frequencies of 97 %, 51 %, 71 %, 99 %, and 77 %, respectively. The highest total concentration of amine-based rubber additives was found in parking lots (median 10,300 ng/g), indicating heavier emission sources of these compounds in vehicle-related indoor environments. Despite this, amine-based rubber additives were also frequently detected in various non-vehicle-related environments, such as markets, cinemas, and hotels, probably due to the widespread use of consumer products and more frequent air exchanges with outdoor environments. Further tracking of tire rubber products and paint particles from flooring materials in parking lots revealed that paint particles might be an overlooked contributor to amine-based rubber additives in indoor environments. Finally, the highest estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of all amine-based rubber additives via dust ingestion at home were observed for toddlers (3.48 ng/kg bw/d). This research provides a comprehensive overview of human exposure to a variety of amine-based rubber additives in various indoor environments. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: This study highlights the presence of high concentrations of amine-based additives in indoor dust from both traffic-related and non-traffic-related indoor environments. Additional efforts are needed to identify potential sources of amine-based rubber additives indoors, beyond just tire rubber. This is critical because the widespread presence of rubber products in indoor settings could pose a risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sheng Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhong Lv
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shusheng Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuge Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yichun Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinrui Leng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Min Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bintian Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guomao Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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14
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Thodhal Yoganandham S, Daeho K, Heewon J, Shen K, Jeon J. Unveiling the environmental impact of tire wear particles and the associated contaminants: A comprehensive review of environmental and health risk. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:136155. [PMID: 39423645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
This review offers a novel perspective on the environmental fate and ecotoxicological effects of tire wear particles (TWPs), ubiquitous environmental contaminants ranging in size from micrometers to millimeters (averaging 10-100 micrometers). These particles pose a growing threat due to their complex chemical composition and potential toxicity. Human exposure primarily occurs through inhalation, ingesting contaminated food and water, and dermal contact. Our review delves into the dynamic interplay between TWP composition, transformation products (TPs), and ecological impacts, highlighting the importance of considering both individual chemical effects and potential synergistic interactions. Notably, our investigation reveals that degradation products of certain chemicals, such as diphenylguanidine (DPG) and diphenylamine (DPA), can be more toxic than the parent compounds, underscoring the need to fully understand these contaminants' environmental profile. Furthermore, we explore the potential human health implications of TWPs, emphasizing the need for further research on potential respiratory, cardiovascular, and endocrine disturbances. Addressing the challenges in characterizing TWPs, assessing their environmental fate, and understanding their potential health risks requires a multidisciplinary approach. Future research should prioritize standardized TWP characterization and leachate analysis methods, conduct field studies to enhance ecological realism, and utilize advanced analytical techniques to decipher complex mixture interactions and identify key toxicants. By addressing these challenges, we can better mitigate the environmental and health risks associated with TWPs and ensure a more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Thodhal Yoganandham
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo 51140, Republic of Korea; Department of Computational Biology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kang Daeho
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Heewon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Kailin Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo 51140, Republic of Korea; School of Smart and Green Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo 51140, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Xu Q, Kazmi SSUH, Li G. Tracking the biogeochemical behavior of tire wear particles in the environment - A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:136184. [PMID: 39418907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
The environmental fate and risks associated with tire wear particles (TWPs) are closely linked to their biogeochemical behaviors. However, reviews that focus on TWPs from this perspective remain scarce, hindering our understanding of their environmental fate and cascading effects on ecosystems. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge on TWPs by addressing five key areas: (i) the generation and size-dependent distribution of TWPs; (ii) the release and transformation of TWP-leachates; (iii) methodologies for the quantification of TWPs; (iv) the toxicity of TWPs; and (v) interactions of TWPs with other environmental processes. It has been established that the size distribution of TWPs significantly influences their transport and occurrence in different matrices, leading to the release and transformation of specific TWP-chemicals that can be toxic to organisms. By highlighting the challenges and knowledge gaps in this field, we propose critical issues that need to be addressed to enhance the risk assessment of TWPs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive framework for evaluating the environmental behavior of TWPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Syed Shabi Ul Hassan Kazmi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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16
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Xu TT, Guo JL, Yi JF, Huang SN, Liu LY, Guo Y. Occurrence and risk assessment of p-phenylenediamines and their quinones in aquatic environment: From city wastewater to deep sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176123. [PMID: 39250967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
p-Phenylenediamines (PPDs) and PPD-derived quinones (PPD-Qs) have been considered emerging pollutants recently. Their available data on sediment and sewage sludge are limited, especially the ecological risks. Here, typical PPDs and PPD-Qs were measured in the sludge of wastewater treatment plants and surface sediment of a developed river basin (including reservoirs, estuaries, and rivers) and deep-sea troughs. The total concentrations of PPDs (∑PPD) were highest in sludge (range: 9.06-248 ng g-1), followed by surface sediment of the Dongjiang River basin, China (3.33-85.3 ng g-1), and lowest in sediment of the Okinawa Trough (0.01-7.46 ng g-1). The median value of ∑PPD in surface sediment of rivers (9.54 ng g-1) was higher than those in reservoirs (4.28 ng g-1) and estuaries (5.26 ng g-1). N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) was the major congener in all samples, accounting for over 60 % of ∑PPD. For quinones, 6PPD-Q and IPPD-Q were frequently detected in sludge, only trace 6PPD-Q was detected in the sediment of estuaries (nd-0.62 ng g-1) and rivers (nd-5.24 ng g-1), and both of them were absent from the sediment of the Okinawa Trough. The occurrence of PPDs in the trough may be the in-situ release of microplastics, and due to the low-light and weak alkaline conditions of deep-sea water, quinones may hardly photodegrade from PPDs. The PPD concentrations in sludge were positively correlated with local GDP, and the annual PPD emission from sludge will exceed 1370 kg in China. The results of ecological risk assessments indicated low risks for PPDs in sludge-amended soil, median risks for several PPDs in river sediment, but median to high risks for 6PPD-Q contamination sludge-amended soil. For the first time, we explored the potential environmental risk of PPDs and related quinones in sludge used as a soil conditioner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jia-Liang Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jing-Feng Yi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Si-Nan Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liang-Ying Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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17
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Zhou LJ, Liu S, Wang M, Wu NN, Xu R, Wei LN, Xu XR, Zhao JL, Xing P, Li H, Zeng J, Wu QL. Nationwide occurrence and prioritization of tire additives and their transformation products in lake sediments of China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 193:109139. [PMID: 39547090 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
As a group of emerging contaminants of global concern, tire additives and their transformation products (TATPs) are causing a severe threat to aquatic ecosystems, particularly the highly lethal effects of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q) on certain fish species. Yet, the contamination status of TATPs in the lake ecosystems remains largely uncharacterized. This study conducted the first nationwide monitoring of the distribution characteristics of TATPs in 208 lake sediments collected from five lake regions across China. All the 13 TATPs were identified in lake sediments, with the total levels varying between 1.4 and 1355 ng/g, and 4-hydroxydiphenylamine (4-OH-PPD) as the most dominant. The total levels of TATPs decreased in the following order: Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau > Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Region, Eastern Plain > Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and Northeast Plain (p < 0.05). The geographical distribution of TATPs in lake sediments was significantly driven by total organic carbon content, temperature, and population density. N,N'-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine, 6PPD-Q, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, and 4-OH-PPD belonged to high-priority contaminants. Our study emphasizes that emerging pollutant TATPs place significant pressure on lake ecosystems and deserve urgent attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Man Wang
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Nian-Nian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ru Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Ni Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Peng Xing
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Huabing Li
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Jin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Qinglong L Wu
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Sino-Danish Center for Science and Education, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; The Fuxianhu Station of Plateau Deep Lake Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuxi 653100, China.
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18
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Xu S, Wang Q, Lao JY, Cao Y, Hong P, Chen C, Lam EY, Fang JKH, Lee S, Leung KMY. Typical Tire Additives in River Water: Leaching, Transformation, and Environmental Risk Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:18940-18949. [PMID: 39382147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWPs) released during vehicle driving can enter water bodies, leading to leaching of tire additives (TAs) in aquatic environments. However, the transformation behavior and related ecological impacts of TAs and their transformation products (TPs) remain unclear. In this study, laboratory-based simulation experiments and field investigations were conducted to explore the transformation mechanisms and ecological risks of TAs. After being placed in river water for 24 h, about 7-95% of 12 investigated TAs in TWPs were leached. Forty-eight TPs from eight TAs were tentatively identified along with different transformation pathways via suspect screening by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Semiquantitative results indicated that TPs derived from N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylene-diamine (6PPD) were predominant in leachates, while aryl hydrolysis and quinone pathways were the main transformation pathways. Field investigations on urban surface water samples from 16 sites in Hong Kong revealed the occurrence of 17 TAs and 1 TP, with concentrations ranging from 13.9 to 2230 ng/L (median ± standard deviation: 226 ± 534 ng/L). Sixteen TPs from six TAs were additionally identified via suspect screening. It is estimated that 6PPD-quinone and seven TAs could pose medium to high ecological risk, while N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-quinonediimine, a frequently detected TP, was identified as a persistent-bioaccumulative-toxic substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jia-Yong Lao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yaru Cao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edmund Y Lam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - James Kar-Hei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Seokhwan Lee
- Department of Engine Research, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
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19
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Peter KT, Gilbreath A, Gonzalez M, Tian Z, Wong A, Yee D, Miller EL, Avellaneda PM, Chen D, Patterson A, Fitzgerald N, Higgins CP, Kolodziej EP, Sutton R. Storms mobilize organophosphate esters, bisphenols, PFASs, and vehicle-derived contaminants to San Francisco Bay watersheds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:1760-1779. [PMID: 39291694 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
In urban to peri-urban watersheds such as those surrounding San Francisco Bay, stormwater runoff is a major pathway by which contaminants enter aquatic ecosystems. We evaluated the occurrence of 154 organic contaminants via liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), bisphenols, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and a suite of novel urban stormwater tracers (SWCECs; i.e., vehicle-derived chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals/personal care products, benzothiazoles/benzotriazoles). Time-averaged composite sampling focused on storms in highly developed watersheds over four wet seasons, with complementary sampling in less-urban reference watersheds, near-shore estuarine sites, and the open Bay. Of the targeted contaminants, 68 (21 SWCECs, 29 OPEs, 3 bisphenols, 15 PFASs) were detected in ≥10 of 26 urban stormwater samples. Median concentrations exceeded 500 ng L-1 for 1,3-diphenylguanidine, hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine, and caffeine, and exceeded 300 ng L-1 for 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole, 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole, pentachlorophenol, and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate. Median individual PFAS concentrations were <10 ng L-1, with highest concentrations for PFHxA (180 ng L-1), PFOA (110 ng L-1), and PFOS (81 ng L-1). In six of eight urban stormwater samples analyzed for 6PPD-quinone (a tire rubber-derived transformation product), concentrations exceeded coho salmon acute toxicity thresholds, suggesting (sub)lethal impacts for sensitive species. Observed concentrations were generally significantly higher in highly developed watersheds relative to reference watersheds, but not statistically different in near-shore estuarine sites, suggesting substantial transient exposure potential at stormwater outfalls or creek outflows. Results emphasized the role of stormwater in contaminant transport, the importance of vehicles/roadways as contaminant sources, and the value of monitoring broad multi-analyte contaminant suites to enable comprehensive source and toxicity evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T Peter
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
| | | | - Melissa Gonzalez
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adam Wong
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
| | - Don Yee
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
| | - Ezra L Miller
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
| | | | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | | | - Nicole Fitzgerald
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Christopher P Higgins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Edward P Kolodziej
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rebecca Sutton
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
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20
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McMinn MH, Hu X, Poisson K, Berger P, Pimentel P, Zhang X, Ashara P, Greenfield EL, Eig J, Tian Z. Emerging investigator series: in-depth chemical profiling of tire and artificial turf crumb rubber: aging, transformation products, and transport pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:1703-1715. [PMID: 39176437 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00326h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Crumb rubber generated from end-of-life tires (ELTs) poses a threat to environmental and human health based on its widespread use. Of particular concern is the use of ELT crumb rubber as infill for artificial turf fields, as people are unknowingly exposed to complex mixtures of chemicals when playing on these fields. Additionally, there is concern regarding transport of rubber-related chemicals from artificial turf into the environment. However, existing knowledge does not fully elucidate the chemical profile, transformation products, and transport pathways of artificial turf crumb rubber across different ages. To address these knowledge gaps, we utilized a multi-faceted approach that consisted of targeted quantitation, chemical profiling, and suspect screening via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). We collected and processed 3 tire and 11 artificial turf crumb rubber samples via solvent extraction, leaching, and a bioaccessibility-based extraction. Nineteen rubber-derived chemicals were quantified using parallel reaction monitoring and isotope dilution techniques. In solvent extracts, the most abundant analytes were 1,3-diphenylguanidine (0.18-1200 μg g-1), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD, 0.16-720 μg g-1), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (0.47-140 μg g-1), and benzothiazole (0.84-150 μg g-1). Chemical profiling assessed changes in sample diversity, abundance, polarity, and molecular mass. Suspect screening identified 81 compounds with different confidence levels (16 at level 1, 53 with level 2, 7 at level 3, and 5 at level 4). The formation rate of transformation products and clustering analysis results identified time-based trends in artificial turf field samples. We found that the first two years of aging may be critical for the potential environmental impact of artificial turf fields. Our analysis provides insight into the chemical complexity of artificial turf crumb rubber samples ranging from 0-14 years in age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison H McMinn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Barnett Institute for Chemical and Biological Analysis, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ximin Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katherine Poisson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Barnett Institute for Chemical and Biological Analysis, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phillip Berger
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Barnett Institute for Chemical and Biological Analysis, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Pimentel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Pranali Ashara
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ella L Greenfield
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jessica Eig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Barnett Institute for Chemical and Biological Analysis, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Liu YH, Mei YX, Wang JY, Chen SS, Chen JL, Li N, Liu WR, Zhao JL, Zhang QQ, Ying GG. Precipitation contributes to alleviating pollution of rubber-derived chemicals in receiving watersheds: Combining confluent stormwater runoff from different functional areas. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 264:122240. [PMID: 39146854 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The release of rubber-derived chemicals (RDCs) in road surface runoff has received significant attention. Urban surface runoff is often the confluence of stormwater runoff from specific areas. However, the impact of precipitation on RDCs contamination in confluent stormwater runoff and receiving watersheds remains poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the profiles of RDCs and their transformation products in confluent stormwater runoff and receiving rivers affected by precipitation events. The results showed that 34 RDCs are ubiquitously present in confluent stormwater runoff and surface water, with mean concentrations of 1.03-2749 and 0.28-436 ng/L, respectively. The most dominant target compounds in each category were N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), 6PPD-quinone, 2-benzothiazolol, and 1,3-diphenylguanidine. Total RDCs concentrations in confluent stormwater runoff decreased spatially from industrial areas to business districts to college towns. A significant decrease in RDCs levels in surface water after rainfall was observed (P < 0.01), indicating that precipitation contributes to alleviating RDCs pollution in receiving watersheds. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N,N'-ditolyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (DTPD-Q) levels in surface waters in China. The annual mass load of ∑RDCs reached 72,818 kg/y in confluent stormwater runoff, while 38,799 kg/y in surface water. The monitoring of confluent stormwater runoff is an efficient measure for predicting contamination loads from RDCs in rivers. Risk assessment suggested that most RDCs posed at least medium risks to aquatic organisms, especially 6PPD-quinone. The findings help to understand the environmental fate and risks of RDCs in the confluent stormwater runoff and receiving environments after precipitation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hong Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xian Mei
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yi Wang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Chen
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Li Chen
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Rong Liu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for System Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the PR China, Guangzhou 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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22
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Lane RF, Smalling KL, Bradley PM, Greer JB, Gordon SE, Hansen JD, Kolpin DW, Spanjer AR, Masoner JR. Tire-derived contaminants 6PPD and 6PPD-Q: Analysis, sample handling, and reconnaissance of United States stream exposures. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142830. [PMID: 39002655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The environmental ubiquity of tire and road wear particles (TRWP) underscores the need to understand the occurrence, persistence, and environmental effects of tire-related chemicals in aquatic ecosystems. One such chemical is 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q), a transformation product of the tire antioxidant 6PPD. In urban stormwater runoff 6PPD-Q can exceed acute toxicity thresholds for several salmonid species and is being implicated in significant coho salmon losses in the Pacific Northwest. There is a critical need to understand the prevalence of 6PPD-Q across watersheds to identify habitats heavily affected by TRWPs. We conducted a reconnaissance of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q in surface waters across the United States from sites (N = 94) with varying land use (urban, agricultural, and forested) and streamflow to better understand stream exposures. A rapid, low-volume direct-inject, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was developed for the quantitation of 6PPD-Q and screening for 6PPD. Laboratory holding times, bottle material, headspace, and filter materials were investigated to inform best practices for 6PPD-Q sampling and analysis. Glass bottles with PTFE-lined caps minimized sorption and borosilicate glass fiber filters provided the highest recovery. 6PPD-Q was stable for at least 5 months in pure laboratory solutions and for 75 days at 5 °C with minimal headspace in the investigated surface water and stormwaters. Results also indicated samples can be frozen to extend holding times. 6PPD was not detected in any of the 526 analyzed samples and there were no detections of 6PPD-Q at agricultural or forested sites. 6PPD-Q was frequently detected in stormwater (57%, N = 90) and from urban impacted sites (45%, N = 276) with concentrations ranging from 0.002 to 0.29 μg/L. The highest concentrations, above the lethal level for coho salmon, occurred during stormwater runoff events. This highlights the importance of capturing episodic runoff events in urban areas near ecologically relevant habitat or nursery grounds for sensitive species.
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23
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Zhao T, Zhang Y, Song Q, Meng Q, Zhou S, Cong J. Tire and road wear particles in the aquatic organisms - A review of source, properties, exposure routes, and biological effects. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 273:107010. [PMID: 38917645 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
With the continuous development of the modern social economy, rubber has been widely used in our daily life. Tire and road wear particles (TRWPs) are generated by friction between tires and the road surface during the processes of driving, acceleration, and braking. TRWPs can be divided into three main components according to their source: tire tread, brake wear, and road wear. Due to urban runoff, TRWPs flow with rainwater into the aquatic environment and influence the surrounding aquatic organisms. As an emerging contaminant, TRWPs with the characteristics of small particles and strong toxicity have been given more attention recently. Here, we summarized the existing knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of TRWPs, the pathways of TRWPs into the water body, and the exposure routes of TRWPs. Furthermore, we introduced the biological effects of TRWPs involved in size, concentration, and shape, as well as key toxic compounds involved in heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), and benzothiazole on aquatic organisms, and attempted to find the relevant factors influencing the toxic effects of TRWPs. In the context of existing policies that ignore pollution from TRWPs emissions in the aquatic environment, we also proposed measures to mitigate the impact of TRWPs in the future, as well as an outlook for TRWPs research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhao
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Qianqian Song
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Qingxuan Meng
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Jing Cong
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China.
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24
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Liu YH, Mei YX, Liang XN, Ge ZY, Huang Z, Zhang HY, Zhao JL, Liu A, Shi C, Ying GG. Small-Intensity Rainfall Triggers Greater Contamination of Rubber-Derived Chemicals in Road Stormwater Runoff from Various Functional Areas in Megalopolis Cities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:13056-13064. [PMID: 38900493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Rubber-derived chemicals (RDCs) originating from tire and road wear particles are transported into road stormwater runoff, potentially threatening organisms in receiving watersheds. However, there is a lack of knowledge on time variation of novel RDCs in runoff, limiting initial rainwater treatment and subsequent rainwater resource utilization. In this study, we investigated the levels and time-concentration profiles of 35 target RDCs in road stormwater runoff from eight functional areas in the Greater Bay Area, South China. The results showed that the total concentrations of RDCs were the highest on the expressway compared with other seven functional areas. N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), 6PPD-quinone, benzothiazole, and 1,3-diphenylguanidine were the top four highlighted RDCs (ND-228840 ng/L). Seasonal and spatial differences revealed higher RDC concentrations in the dry season as well as in less-developed regions. A lag effect of reaching RDC peak concentrations in road stormwater runoff was revealed, with a lag time of 10-90 min on expressways. Small-intensity rainfall triggers greater contamination of rubber-derived chemicals in road stormwater runoff. Environmental risk assessment indicated that 35% of the RDCs posed a high risk, especially PPD-quinones (risk quotient up to 2663). Our findings contribute to a better understanding of managing road stormwater runoff for RDC pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hong Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xian Mei
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ning Liang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yu Ge
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Huang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - An Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhao Shi
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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25
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Witter AE. Acute toxicity of petroleum asphalt seal coat leachates to Ceriodaphnia dubia is linked to polymer preservatives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173123. [PMID: 38740202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Low-VOC waterborne asphalt-emulsion (AE) seal coat is considered more sustainable than solvent-based coal-tar emulsion seal coat because asphalt emulsions contain negligible amounts of carcinogenic PAHs and release fewer harmful volatile organic compounds. Yet, many low-VOC coatings leach water-soluble substances under outdoor conditions. To investigate the chemical composition of seal coat leachates, three AE formulations were cured under natural weathering conditions and exposed to simulated runoff over a 10-day field trial. Runoff was collected and concentrated using ion-exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Leached compounds included hydrocarbons, esters, amines, siloxanes, plasticizers, biocides, polyethylene glycol (PEG) ethers, urethanes, and toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Glycol ethers comprised 29-97 % of the measured leachate mass. Two seal coat formulations contained isothiazolinone biocides, methylchloro- and methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT; 0.5 mg/L in runoff), while a third seal coat formulation continuously leached TDI, a reactive polyurethane (PU) precursor (0.7 mg/L in runoff). Biocide-containing leachates showed acute toxicity to the freshwater water flea, Ceriodaphnia dubia after 48 h, while TDI-containing leachate showed no acute toxicity, suggesting that leachate toxicity was due to in-can polymer preservatives. As biocides are implicated in impaired reproductive signaling, these results support the use of alkaline pH to avoid biofouling and reinforce the goal of reducing and/or avoiding the use of biocides altogether, especially for environmentally friendly products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Witter
- Dickinson College, Department of Chemistry, Carlisle, PA 17013, United States of America.
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Liu J, Xiang T, Song XC, Zhang S, Wu Q, Gao J, Lv M, Shi C, Yang X, Liu Y, Fu J, Shi W, Fang M, Qu G, Yu H, Jiang G. High-Efficiency Effect-Directed Analysis Leveraging Five High Level Advancements: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9925-9944. [PMID: 38820315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Organic contaminants are ubiquitous in the environment, with mounting evidence unequivocally connecting them to aquatic toxicity, illness, and increased mortality, underscoring their substantial impacts on ecological security and environmental health. The intricate composition of sample mixtures and uncertain physicochemical features of potential toxic substances pose challenges to identify key toxicants in environmental samples. Effect-directed analysis (EDA), establishing a connection between key toxicants found in environmental samples and associated hazards, enables the identification of toxicants that can streamline research efforts and inform management action. Nevertheless, the advancement of EDA is constrained by the following factors: inadequate extraction and fractionation of environmental samples, limited bioassay endpoints and unknown linkage to higher order impacts, limited coverage of chemical analysis (i.e., high-resolution mass spectrometry, HRMS), and lacking effective linkage between bioassays and chemical analysis. This review proposes five key advancements to enhance the efficiency of EDA in addressing these challenges: (1) multiple adsorbents for comprehensive coverage of chemical extraction, (2) high-resolution microfractionation and multidimensional fractionation for refined fractionation, (3) robust in vivo/vitro bioassays and omics, (4) high-performance configurations for HRMS analysis, and (5) chemical-, data-, and knowledge-driven approaches for streamlined toxicant identification and validation. We envision that future EDA will integrate big data and artificial intelligence based on the development of quantitative omics, cutting-edge multidimensional microfractionation, and ultraperformance MS to identify environmental hazard factors, serving for broader environmental governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongtong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xue-Chao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meilin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Chunzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yanna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mingliang Fang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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27
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Wang Y, Jiang L, Ali MM, Jiang J, Xu Y, Liu Z. Aquatic life criteria of hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater via ecotoxicity test and modeling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134289. [PMID: 38663294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater resulting from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL-AP) of biowaste is gaining attention as an emerging hazardous material. However, there is a lack of specific and systematic ecotoxicity studies on HTL-AP. This study addresses this gap by conducting acute toxicity tests on HTL-AP using typical aquatic species and integrating these results with predicted toxicity values from interspecies correlation estimation models to establish aquatic life criteria. HTL-AP exhibited significant toxicity with LC50 of 956.12-3645.4 mg/L, but demonstrated moderate toxicity compared to common freshwater pollutants like commercial microbicides, personal care products, and insect repellents. The resulting hazardous concentration for 5 % of species (HC5), the criterion maximum concentration, and the short-term water quality criteria for aquatic were 506.0, 253.0, and 168.7 mg/L, respectively. Notably, certain organisms like Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Cipangopaludina chinensis showed high tolerance to HTL-AP, likely due to their metabolic capabilities on HTL-AP components. The significant decrease in HC5 values for some HTL-AP substances compared to pure compounds could indicate the synergistic inhibition effects among HTL-AP compositions. Furthermore, according to the established criteria, HTL-AP required significantly less diluted water (13 t) than carbendazim (1009 t) to achieve biosafety, indicating a safer release. This research establishes a preliminary water quality criterion for HTL-AP, offering a valuable reference for risk assessment and prediction in the utilization of HTL-AP within environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Wang
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mahmoud M Ali
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing 100083, China; Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Jinyue Jiang
- Water & Energy Technologies (WET) Lab, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton 08544, United States
| | - Yongdong Xu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing 100083, China; Water & Energy Technologies (WET) Lab, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton 08544, United States.
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing 100083, China.
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28
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Mayer PM, Moran KD, Miller EL, Brander SM, Harper S, Garcia-Jaramillo M, Carrasco-Navarro V, Ho KT, Burgess RM, Thornton Hampton LM, Granek EF, McCauley M, McIntyre JK, Kolodziej EP, Hu X, Williams AJ, Beckingham BA, Jackson ME, Sanders-Smith RD, Fender CL, King GA, Bollman M, Kaushal SS, Cunningham BE, Hutton SJ, Lang J, Goss HV, Siddiqui S, Sutton R, Lin D, Mendez M. Where the rubber meets the road: Emerging environmental impacts of tire wear particles and their chemical cocktails. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171153. [PMID: 38460683 PMCID: PMC11214769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
About 3 billion new tires are produced each year and about 800 million tires become waste annually. Global dependence upon tires produced from natural rubber and petroleum-based compounds represents a persistent and complex environmental problem with only partial and often-times, ineffective solutions. Tire emissions may be in the form of whole tires, tire particles, and chemical compounds, each of which is transported through various atmospheric, terrestrial, and aquatic routes in the natural and built environments. Production and use of tires generates multiple heavy metals, plastics, PAH's, and other compounds that can be toxic alone or as chemical cocktails. Used tires require storage space, are energy intensive to recycle, and generally have few post-wear uses that are not also potential sources of pollutants (e.g., crumb rubber, pavements, burning). Tire particles emitted during use are a major component of microplastics in urban runoff and a source of unique and highly potent toxic substances. Thus, tires represent a ubiquitous and complex pollutant that requires a comprehensive examination to develop effective management and remediation. We approach the issue of tire pollution holistically by examining the life cycle of tires across production, emissions, recycling, and disposal. In this paper, we synthesize recent research and data about the environmental and human health risks associated with the production, use, and disposal of tires and discuss gaps in our knowledge about fate and transport, as well as the toxicology of tire particles and chemical leachates. We examine potential management and remediation approaches for addressing exposure risks across the life cycle of tires. We consider tires as pollutants across three levels: tires in their whole state, as particulates, and as a mixture of chemical cocktails. Finally, we discuss information gaps in our understanding of tires as a pollutant and outline key questions to improve our knowledge and ability to manage and remediate tire pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Mayer
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America.
| | - Kelly D Moran
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA 94804, United States of America.
| | - Ezra L Miller
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA 94804, United States of America.
| | - Susanne M Brander
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America.
| | - Stacey Harper
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America.
| | - Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America.
| | - Victor Carrasco-Navarro
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Yliopistonranta 1 E, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kay T Ho
- US Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States of America.
| | - Robert M Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States of America.
| | - Leah M Thornton Hampton
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, United States of America.
| | - Elise F Granek
- Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, United States of America.
| | - Margaret McCauley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America.
| | - Jenifer K McIntyre
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Puyallup Research & Extension Center, Washington Stormwater Center, 2606 W Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371, United States of America.
| | - Edward P Kolodziej
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences (UW Tacoma), Civil and Environmental Engineering (UW Seattle), Center for Urban Waters, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA 98402, United States of America.
| | - Ximin Hu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering (UW Seattle), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America.
| | - Antony J Williams
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Computational Chemistry & Cheminformatics Branch, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America.
| | - Barbara A Beckingham
- Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, 66 George Street Charleston, SC 29424, United States of America.
| | - Miranda E Jackson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America.
| | - Rhea D Sanders-Smith
- Washington State Department of Ecology, 300 Desmond Drive SE, Lacey, WA 98503, United States of America.
| | - Chloe L Fender
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America.
| | - George A King
- CSS, Inc., 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America.
| | - Michael Bollman
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America.
| | - Sujay S Kaushal
- Department of Geology and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States of America.
| | - Brittany E Cunningham
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America.
| | - Sara J Hutton
- GSI Environmental, Inc., Olympia, Washington 98502, USA.
| | - Jackelyn Lang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and the Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
| | - Heather V Goss
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Office of Wastewater Management, Washington, DC 20004, United States of America.
| | - Samreen Siddiqui
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America.
| | - Rebecca Sutton
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA 94804, United States of America.
| | - Diana Lin
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA 94804, United States of America.
| | - Miguel Mendez
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA 94804, United States of America.
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29
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Richardson SD, Manasfi T. Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8184-8219. [PMID: 38700487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, JM Palms Center for GSR, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Tarek Manasfi
- Eawag, Environmental Chemistry, Uberlandstrasse 133, Dubendorf 8600, Switzerland
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30
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Liu H, Zhao B, Jin M, Wang R, Ding Z, Wang X, Xu W, Chen Q, Tao R, Fu J, Xie D. Anthropogenic-induced ecological risks on marine ecosystems indicated by characterizing emerging pollutants in Pearl River Estuary, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172030. [PMID: 38547985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) in marine environments have raised significant concerns. Yet, analyses detailing their origins, fate, and environmental effects are limited. This study employs an integrated non-target screening methodology to elucidate CECs existence across 46 sampling sites in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) of the South China Sea. Assisted by advanced liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, we discovered 208 chemicals in six usage categories, with pesticides (33 %) and pharmaceuticals (29 %) predominating. Several CECs drew attention for their consistent detections, profound abundance, and significant ecotoxicities. The wide detection of them at offshore sites further implies that anthropogenic activities may contribute to large-scale contamination. Meanwhile, distinct distribution patterns of CECs across PRE are evident in semi-quantitative results, indicating regional anthropogenic influences. Identified transformation products may establish a novel and non-negligible negative contribution to ecology through elevated environmental toxicities, exemplified by HMMM and atrazine. Based on the ecological risks, we compiled a prioritized list of 21 CECs warranting intensified scrutiny. Our findings indicate the introduction of various CECs into the South China Sea via PRE, emphasizing the urgent necessity for ongoing surveillance of discharged CECs at estuary areas and assessment of their marine ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Bo Zhao
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Meng Jin
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Zirong Ding
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Xiong Wang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Qianghua Chen
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Rizhu Tao
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Jianping Fu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Monitoring, Early Warning and Environmental Health Risk Assessment, Nanning 530029, PR China
| | - Danping Xie
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China.
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31
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Zhang T, Wang M, Han Y, Liu J, Zhang Z, Wang M, Liu P, Gao S. Particle sizes crucially affected the release of additives from tire wear particles during UV irradiation and mechanical abrasion. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134106. [PMID: 38552399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In the environment, tire wear particles (TWPs) could release various additives to induce potential risk, while the effects of particle size on the additive release behavior and ecological risk from TWPs remain unknown. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of particle sizes (>2 mm, 0.71-1 mm, and <0.1 mm) on the release behavior of TWPs additives under mechanical abrasion and UV irradiation in water. Compared to mechanical abrasion, UV irradiation significantly increased the level of additives released from TWPs. Especially, the additive releasing characteristics were critically affected by the particle sizes of TWPs, manifested as the higher release in the smaller-size ones. After 60 d of UV irradiation, the concentration of antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) reached 10.79 mg/L in the leachate of small-sized TWPs, 2.78 and 5.36 times higher than that of medium-sized and large-sized TWPs. The leachate of the small-sized TWPs also showed higher cytotoxicity. •OH and O2•- were identified as the main reactive oxygen species (ROS), which exhibited higher concentrations and dramatic attack on small-sized TWPs to cause pronounced fragmentation and oxidation, finally inducing the higher release of additives. This paper sheds light on the crucial effects and mechanism of particle sizes in the release behavior of TWPs additives, provides useful information to assess the ecological risk of TWPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishuo Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mingjun Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yingxuan Han
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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32
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Chen J, Tang T, Li Y, Wang R, Chen X, Song D, Du X, Tao X, Zhou J, Dang Z, Lu G. Non-targeted screening and photolysis transformation of tire-related compounds in roadway runoff. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171622. [PMID: 38467255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Roadway runoff serves as a crucial pathway for transporting contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from urban environments to receiving water bodies. Tire-related compounds originating from tire wear particles (TWPs) have been frequently detected, posing a potential ecological threat. Yet, the photolysis of tire-related compounds within roadway runoff remains inadequately acknowledged. Addressing this deficit, our study utilized high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to characterize the chemical profile of roadway runoff across eight strategically selected sites in Guangzhou, China. 219 chemicals were identified or detected within different confidence levels. Among them, 29 tire-related contaminants were validated with reference standards, including hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine (HMMM), 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), dicyclohexylurea (DCU), and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazol-amine (DCMA). HMMM exhibited with the abundance ranging from 2.30 × 104-3.10 × 106, followed by DPG, 1.69 × 104-8.34 × 106. Runoff sample were exposed to irradiation of 500 W mercury lamp for photodegradation experiment. Photolysis results indicated that tire-related compounds with a low photolysis rate, notably DCU, DCMA, and DPG, are more likely to persist within the runoff. The photolytic rates were significantly correlated with the spatial distribution patterns of these contaminants. Our findings underscore TWPs as a significant source of pollution in water bodies, emphasizing the need for enhanced environmental monitoring and assessment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfan Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ting Tang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanxi Li
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Rui Wang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xingcai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dehao Song
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodong Du
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xueqin Tao
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jiangmin Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Parker-Jurd FNF, Abbott GD, Guthery B, Parker-Jurd GMC, Thompson RC. Features of the highway road network that generate or retain tyre wear particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:26675-26685. [PMID: 38451457 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The environmental accumulation of microplastics poses a formidable global challenge, with tyre wear particles (TWPs) emerging as major and potentially harmful contributors to this particulate pollution. A critical pathway for TWPs to aquatic environments is via road drainage. While drainage assets are employed worldwide, their effectiveness in retaining microplastics of highly variable densities (TWP ~ 1-2.5 g cm3) remains unknown. This study examines their ability to impede the transfer of TWPs from the UK Strategic Road Network (SRN) to aquatic ecosystems. Samples were collected from the influent, effluent and sediments of three retention ponds and three wetlands. The rate of TWP generation is known to vary in response to vehicle speed and direction. To ascertain the significance of this variability, we further compared the mass of TWPs in drainage from curved and straight sections of the SRN across eight drainage outfalls. Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) was used to quantify tyre wear using benzothiazole as a molecular marker for TWPs (with an internal standard benzothiazole-D4). Tyre wear was present in drainage from the SRN at concentrations of 2.86 ± 6 mg/L and was found within every sample analysed. Drainage from curved sections of the SRN contained on average a 40% greater TWP mass than straight sections but this was not significant. The presence of wetlands and retention ponds generally led to a reduction in TWP mass (74.9% ± 8.2). This effect was significant for retention ponds but not for wetlands; most probably due to variability among sites and sampling occasions. Similar drainage assets are used on a global scale; hence our results are of broad relevance to the management of TWP pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence N F Parker-Jurd
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Geoffrey D Abbott
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Drummond Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Bill Guthery
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Drummond Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Gustav M C Parker-Jurd
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Richard C Thompson
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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Ekpe OD, Choo G, Kang JK, Yun ST, Oh JE. Identification of organic chemical indicators for tracking pollution sources in groundwater by machine learning from GC-HRMS-based suspect and non-target screening data. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121130. [PMID: 38295453 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the strong analytical power of gas chromatography coupled to a high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) in suspect and non-target screening (SNTS) of organic micropollutants was combined with machine learning tools for proposing a novel and robust systematic environmental forensics workflow, focusing on groundwater contamination. Groundwater samples were collected from four different regions with diverse contamination histories (namely oil [OC], agricultural [AGR], industrial [IND], and landfill [LF]), and a total of 252 organic micropollutants were identified, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, plasticizers, phenols, organophosphate flame retardants, transformation products, and others, with detection frequencies ranging from 3 % to 100 %. Amongst the SNTS identified compounds, a total of 51 chemical indicators (i.e., OC: 13, LF: 12, AGR: 19, IND: 7) which included level 1 and 2 SNTS identified chemicals were pinpointed across all sampling regions by integrating a bootstrapped feature selection method involving the bootfs algorithm and a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model to determine potential prevalent contamination sources. The proposed workflow showed good predictive ability (Q2) of 0.897, and the suggested contamination sources were gasoline, diesel, and/or other light petroleum products for the OC region, anthropogenic activities for the LF region, agricultural and human activities for the AGR region, and industrial/human activities for the IND region. These results suggest that the proposed workflow can select a subset of the most diagnostic features in the chemical space that can best distinguish a specific contamination source class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okon Dominic Ekpe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Gyojin Choo
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Kang
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Seong-Taek Yun
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea; Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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35
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Shafi M, Lodh A, Khajuria M, Ranjan VP, Gani KM, Chowdhury S, Goel S. Are we underestimating stormwater? Stormwater as a significant source of microplastics in surface waters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133445. [PMID: 38198866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Stormwater represent a critical pathway for transporting microplastics (MPs) to surface waters. Due to complex dynamics of MPs in stormwater, its dispersion, weathering, risk, and transport are poorly understood. This review bridges those gaps by summarizing the latest findings on sources, abundance, characteristics, and dynamics involved in stormwater MP pollution. Weathering starts before or after MPs enter stormwater and is more pronounced on land due to continuous heat and mechanical stress. Land use patterns, rainfall intensity, MPs size and density, and drainage characteristics influence the transport of MPs in stormwater. Tire and road wear particles (TRWPs), littering, and road dust are major sources of MPs in stormwater. The concentrations of MPs varies from 0.38-197,000 particles/L globally. Further MP concentrations showed regional variations, highlighting the importance of local monitoring efforts needed to understand local pollution sources. We observed unique signatures associated with the shape and color of MPs. Fibers and fragments were widely reported, with transparent and black being the predominant colors. We conclude that the contribution of stormwater to MP pollution in surface waters is significantly greater than wastewater treatment plant effluents and demands immediate attention. Field and lab scale studies are needed to understand its behavior in stormwater and the risk posed to the downstream water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozim Shafi
- Environmental Engineering and Management Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Ayan Lodh
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Medha Khajuria
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Ved Prakash Ranjan
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Khalid Muzamil Gani
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Shamik Chowdhury
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Sudha Goel
- Environmental Engineering and Management Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
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36
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Ren Y, Li W, Jia Q, Zhao Y, Qu C, Liu L, Liu J, Wu C. Separation and quantification of tire and road wear particles in road dust samples: Bonded-sulfur as a novel marker. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133089. [PMID: 38016316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Tire road wear particles (TRWPs) are a large source of microplastics in the environment, while the quantification of TRWPs is still challenging due to the complex interferences and the uncertainties and inconsistencies among different methods. This study developed a TRWPs quantification method using optimized pretreatments and bonded-sulfur as marker. Road dust samples (n = 48) were collected, pretreatments including density separation, digestion and extraction were optimized to remove interferences of the bonded-sulfur (minerals, sulfur-containing proteins, hydrosoluble/hydrophobic sulfur-containing substances). Presence of TRWPs in the samples was confirmed by microscopy and scanning electron microscopyenergy dispersive spectrometry. Bonded-sulfur in the samples were quantified by inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICPMS). Additionally, bonded-sulfur in tire wear particles (TWPs) abraded from tires of top 10 best-selling brands were measured to calculate conversion factor (1.1 ×104 μg/g) for the quantification of TRWPs in real samples. TRWPs contents were 5.40 × 104 μg/g11.02 × 104 μg/g and 2.36 × 104 μg/g5.30 × 104 μg/g in samples from heavy and light traffic roads, respectively. The method provided better recoveries (88-107%, n = 18) and repeatability (RSD=2.0-7.9%, n = 3) compared to methods using rubber, benzothiazole and organic zinc as markers. Furthermore, stability of the bonded-sulfur was validated by Raman and ICPMS. Thus, this accurate and stable quantification method could promote research on TRWPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ren
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi Jia
- China Testing & Certification International Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100024, China
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chen Qu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiemin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Chuandong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Kang D, Yun D, Cho KH, Baek SS, Jeon J. Profiling emerging micropollutants in urban stormwater runoff using suspect and non-target screening via high-resolution mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141402. [PMID: 38346509 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Urban surface runoff contains chemicals that can negatively affect water quality. Urban runoff studies have determined the transport dynamics of many legacy pollutants. However, less attention has been paid to determining the first-flush effects (FFE) of emerging micropollutants using suspect and non-target screening (SNTS). Therefore, this study employed suspect and non-target analyses using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry to detect emerging pollutants in urban receiving waters during stormwater events. Time-interval sampling was used to determine occurrence trends during stormwater events. Suspect screening tentatively identified 65 substances, then, their occurrence trend was grouped using correlation analysis. Non-target peaks were prioritized through hierarchical cluster analysis, focusing on the first flush-concentrated peaks. This approach revealed 38 substances using in silico identification. Simultaneously, substances identified through homologous series observation were evaluated for their observed trends in individual events using network analysis. The results of SNTS were normalized through internal standards to assess the FFE, and the most of tentatively identified substances showed observed FFE. Our findings suggested that diverse pollutants that could not be covered by target screening alone entered urban water through stormwater runoff during the first flush. This study showcases the applicability of the SNTS in evaluating the FFE of urban pollutants, offering insights for first-flush stormwater monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeho Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea
| | - Daeun Yun
- Civil Urban Earth and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
| | - Junho Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea; School of Smart and Green Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea.
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Mitchell CJ, Jayakaran AD. Mitigating tire wear particles and tire additive chemicals in stormwater with permeable pavements. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168236. [PMID: 37939940 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ) is a recently discovered chemical that is acutely toxic to coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and can form via environmental exposure of 6PPD, a compound found extensively in tire wear particles (TWPs). TWPs deposited on roads are transported to aquatic ecosystems via stormwater, contributing to microplastic pollution and organic contaminant loads. However, little is known about the fate of TWPs and their leachable contaminants in these systems. We conducted three experiments at a high school in Tacoma, Washington, to quantify the treatment performance of permeable pavement (PP) formulations, a type of green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), for TWPs and ten tire-associated contaminants, including 6PPDQ. The PPs comprised concrete and asphalt, with and without cured carbon fibers, to improve the mechanical properties of PPs. Pavements were artificially dosed and had underdrains to capture effluent. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate PP mitigation of tire-associated pollution using cryomilled tire particles (cTPs). The 1st and 3rd experiments established a baseline for TWPs and contaminants and assessed the potential for continued pollutant release. During experiment 2, cTPs were applied to each pavement. Our results showed that the PPs attenuated >96 % of the deposited cTPs mass. An estimated 52-100 % of potentially leachable 6PPDQ was removed by the PP systems between the influent and effluent sampling stations. Background 6PPDQ concentrations in effluents ranged from 0 to 0.0029 μg/L. Effluent 6PPDQ concentrations were not explained by effluent TWP concentrations in experiments 1 or 2 but were significantly correlated in experiment 3, suggesting that leaching of 6PPDQ from TWPs retained in the pavement was minimal during a subsequent storm. Our results suggest that PPs may be an effective form of GSI for mitigating tire-associated stormwater pollution. The improved strength offered by cured carbon fiber-amended pavements extends PP deployment on high-traffic roadways where tire-associated pollution poses the greatest environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea J Mitchell
- School of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 2606 W Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371, USA
| | - Anand D Jayakaran
- Extension and Washington Stormwater Center, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 2606 W Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371, USA.
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39
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Xia D, Liu L, Zhao B, Xie D, Lu G, Wang R. Application of Nontarget High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Fingerprints for Qualitative and Quantitative Source Apportionment: A Real Case Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:727-738. [PMID: 38100713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) provides extensive chemical data, facilitating the differentiation and quantification of contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) in aquatic environments. This study utilizes liquid chromatography-HRMS for source apportionment in Chebei Stream, an urban water stream in Guangzhou, South China. Initially, 254 features were identified as potential CECs by the nontarget screening (NTS) method. We then established 1689, 1317, and 15,759 source-specific HRMS fingerprints for three distinct sources, the mainstream (C3), the tributary (T2), and the rain runoff (R1), qualitatively assessing the contribution from each source downstream. Subsequently, 32, 55, and 3142 quantitative fingerprints were isolated for sites C3, T2, and R1, respectively, employing dilution curve screening for source attribution. The final contribution estimates downstream from sites C3, T2, and R1 span 32-96, 12-23, and 8-23%, respectively. Cumulative contributions from these sources accurately mirrored actual conditions, fluctuating between 103 and 114% across C6 to C8 sites. Yet, with further tributary integration, the overall source contribution dipped to 52%. The findings from this research present a pioneering instance of applying HRMS fingerprints for qualitative and quantitative source tracking in real-world scenarios, which empowers the development of more effective strategies for environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xia
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Danping Xie
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rui Wang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
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40
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McIntyre JK, Spromberg J, Cameron J, Incardona JP, Davis JW, Scholz NL. Bioretention filtration prevents acute mortality and reduces chronic toxicity for early life stage coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) episodically exposed to urban stormwater runoff. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:165759. [PMID: 37495136 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
As the human population of western North America continues to expand, widespread patterns of urban growth pose increasingly existential threats to certain wild stocks of Pacific salmon and steelhead (Oncorhynchus sp.). Rainfall previously absorbed into the soils of forests and grasslands falls instead on pavement and other hardened surfaces. This creates stormwater runoff that carries toxic metals, oil, and many other contaminants into salmon-bearing habitats. These include freshwater streams where coho salmon (O. kisutch) spawn in gravel beds. Coho salmon embryos develop within a thick eggshell (chorion) for weeks to months before hatching as alevins and ultimately emerging from the gravel as fry. Untreated urban runoff is highly toxic to older coho salmon (freshwater-resident juveniles and adult spawners), but the vulnerability of the earliest life stages remains poorly understood. To address this uncertainty, we fertilized eggs and raised them under an episodic stormwater exposure regimen, using runoff collected from a high-traffic arterial roadway from 15 discrete storm events. We monitored survival and morphological development, as well as molecular markers for contaminant exposure and cardiovascular stress. We also evaluated the benefit of treating runoff with green infrastructure (bioretention filtration) on coho salmon health and survival. Untreated runoff caused subtle sublethal toxicity in pre-hatch embryos with no mortality, followed by high rates of mortality from exposure at hatch. Bioretention filtration removed most measured contaminants (bacteria, dissolved metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and the treated effluent was considerably less toxic - notably preventing mortality at the alevin stage. Our findings indicate that untreated urban runoff poses an important threat to early life stage coho salmon, in terms of both acute and delayed-in-time mortality. Moreover, while inexpensive management strategies involving bioinfiltration are promising, future green infrastructure effectiveness research should emphasize sublethal metrics for contaminant exposure and adverse health outcomes in salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer K McIntyre
- Washington State University, School of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, 2606 W Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371, USA.
| | - Julann Spromberg
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - James Cameron
- Saltwater Inc, under contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - John P Incardona
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Jay W Davis
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Environmental Contaminants Program, 510 Desmond Dr. SE, Lacey, WA 98503, USA
| | - Nathaniel L Scholz
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
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41
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Shi C, Mahadwar G, Dávila-Santiago E, Bambakidis T, Crump BC, Jones GD. Nontarget Chemical Composition of Surface Waters May Reflect Ecosystem Processes More than Discrete Source Contributions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:18296-18305. [PMID: 37235730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigated environmental, landscape, and microbial factors that could structure the spatiotemporal variability in the nontarget chemical composition of four riverine systems in the Oregon Coast Range, USA. We hypothesized that the nontarget chemical composition in river water would be structured by broad-scale landscape gradients in each watershed. Instead, only a weak relationship existed between the nontarget chemical composition and land cover gradients. Overall, the effects of microbial communities and environmental variables on chemical composition were nearly twice as large as those of the landscape, and much of the influence of environmental variables on the chemical composition was mediated through the microbial community (i.e., environment affects microbes, which affect chemicals). Therefore, we found little evidence to support our hypothesis that chemical spatiotemporal variability was related to broad-scale landscape gradients. Instead, we found qualitative and quantitative evidence to suggest that chemical spatiotemporal variability of these rivers is controlled by changes in microbial and seasonal hydrologic processes. While the contributions of discrete chemical sources are undeniable, water chemistry is undoubtedly impacted by broad-scale continuous sources. Our results suggest that diagnostic chemical signatures can be developed to monitor ecosystem processes, which are otherwise challenging or impossible to study with existing off-the-shelf sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Shi
- Department of Biological & Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4501, United States
| | - Gouri Mahadwar
- Department of Biological & Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4501, United States
| | - Emmanuel Dávila-Santiago
- Department of Biological & Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4501, United States
| | - Ted Bambakidis
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Byron C Crump
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Gerrad D Jones
- Department of Biological & Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4501, United States
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Pozza SA, Gonçalves PB, Wouters FC, Vendemiatti JAS, Nogarotto DC, Pereira-Filho ER, Osório DMM, Romualdo LL, Godoi JR, Hoinaski L, Urban RC. Particulate matter pollution and non-targeted analysis of polar compounds in three regions of Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139839. [PMID: 37604347 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric Particulate Matter (PM) is a pollutant with diverse origins, exhibiting varying chemical compositions, and undergoes several molecular transformations in the atmosphere. In this study, PM samples (PM2.5, PM10 and TSP) were collected in five Brazilian cities (Camboriú-SC; Catalão-GO; Florianópolis-SC; Limeira-SP and Novo Hamburgo-RS) during the four seasons of the year. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the differences between each city and season in PM concentration. PM10 average concentrations were higher in the city of Limeira, compared to the other (ANOVA p-values and Tukey's test). Moreover, Tukey's test demonstrated differences between the average PM10 concentrations in summer and winter. Regarding TSP and PM2.5, Tukey's test showed differences between winter and warm seasons (spring and summer). Moreover, polar compounds from the samples collected in the summer (February) and winter (August) periods were analyzed (Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer) following a non-targeted approach and annotated. This is the first study to carry out this type of analysis in these five Brazilian cities. Despite the differences in PM concentrations, profiles of polar organic compounds, showed similarities between samples/and, in general, the same compounds were present, albeit with different intensities. The annotated compounds are associated with vehicle emissions and plastics, which are considered important global air polluters. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity for comprehensive studies aimed at investigating the non-targeted compounds existing in the atmosphere. Such research can provide invaluable insights to policymakers, enabling them to formulate effective guidelines and policies to mitigate particulate matter concentration and enhance overall air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A Pozza
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, R. Paschoal Marmo, 1888, Limeira, SP, 13484-332, Brazil.
| | - Priscila B Gonçalves
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, R. Paschoal Marmo, 1888, Limeira, SP, 13484-332, Brazil
| | - Felipe C Wouters
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, S/n, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Josiane A S Vendemiatti
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, R. Paschoal Marmo, 1888, Limeira, SP, 13484-332, Brazil
| | - Danilo C Nogarotto
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, R. Paschoal Marmo, 1888, Limeira, SP, 13484-332, Brazil
| | - Edenir R Pereira-Filho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, S/n, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Daniela M M Osório
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, R. Paschoal Marmo, 1888, Limeira, SP, 13484-332, Brazil
| | - Lincoln L Romualdo
- Federal University of Catalão, Av. Dr. Lamartine Pinto de Avelar, 1120, Setor Universitário, Catalão, GO, 75705-220, Brazil
| | - Joeci R Godoi
- Federal Institute Catarinense, R. Joaquim Garcia, S/n - Centro, Camboriú, SC, 88340-055, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Hoinaski
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, S/n - Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Roberta C Urban
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, S/n, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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43
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Ertel BM, Weinstein JE, Gray AD. Rising seas and roadway debris: Microplastic and low-density tire wear particles in street-associated tidal floodwater. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115502. [PMID: 37690408 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Tidal flooding is increasingly common in low-lying coastal regions as sea levels rise. This type of flooding can occur on sunny days with no rainfall and may transport street-associated debris, such as microplastics (MPs) including tire wear particles (TWPs), to coastal systems. This research aimed to quantify MP abundance in tidal floodwater and investigate their fate. Three locations around Charleston, SC (USA) were sampled during 12 tidal floods, and their adjacent tidal creeks were sampled before and after 5 floods. Floodwater contained an average of 342 ± 60 MP/L. Most MPs in floodwater were low-density TWP (86.5 %). MP abundance in tidal creek surface water following flooding did not change, suggesting that MPs were not immediately transferred to coastal waterways but deposited in adjacent marsh sediment. Elucidating transport routes of MPs in coastal environments is critical to understanding and preventing this type of contamination in the face of a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie M Ertel
- Department of Biology, The Citadel, Military College of South Carolina, 171 Moultrie St., Charleston, SC 29409, USA.
| | - John E Weinstein
- Department of Biology, The Citadel, Military College of South Carolina, 171 Moultrie St., Charleston, SC 29409, USA
| | - Austin D Gray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 926 W Campus Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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Stack ME, Hollman K, Mladenov N, Harper B, Pinongcos F, Sant KE, Rochman CM, Richardot W, Dodder NG, Hoh E. Micron-size tire tread particles leach organic compounds at higher rates than centimeter-size particles: Compound identification and profile comparison. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122116. [PMID: 37394053 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Tire tread particles (TTP) are environmentally prevalent microplastics and generate toxic aqueous leachate. We determined the total carbon and nitrogen leachate concentrations and chemical profiles from micron (∼32 μm) and centimeter (∼1 cm) TTP leachate over 12 days. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) were used to measure the concentration of leached compounds. Nontargeted chemical analysis by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC/TOF-MS) was used to compare the chemical profiles of leachates. After leaching for 12 days, DOC was 4.0 times higher in the micron TTP leachate than in the centimeter TTP leachate, and TDN was 2.6 times higher. The total GC×GC/TOF-MS chromatographic feature peak area was 2.9 times greater in the micron TTP leachate than the centimeter TTP leachate, and similarly, the total relative abundance of 54 tentatively identified compounds was 3.3 times greater. We identified frequently measured tire-related chemicals, such as 6PPD, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenylurea (CPU), and hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine (HMMM), but nearly 50% of detected chemicals were not previously reported in tire literature or lacked toxicity information. Overall, the results demonstrate that smaller TTP have a greater potential to leach chemicals into aquatic systems, but a significant portion of these chemicals are not well-studied and require further risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Stack
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - K Hollman
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - N Mladenov
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - B Harper
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - F Pinongcos
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - K E Sant
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - C M Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W Richardot
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - N G Dodder
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - E Hoh
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
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45
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Hu X, Mar D, Suzuki N, Zhang B, Peter KT, Beck DAC, Kolodziej EP. Mass-Suite: a novel open-source python package for high-resolution mass spectrometry data analysis. J Cheminform 2023; 15:87. [PMID: 37741995 PMCID: PMC10517472 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-023-00741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass-Suite (MSS) is a Python-based, open-source software package designed to analyze high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based non-targeted analysis (NTA) data, particularly for water quality assessment and other environmental applications. MSS provides flexible, user-defined workflows for HRMS data processing and analysis, including both basic functions (e.g., feature extraction, data reduction, feature annotation, data visualization, and statistical analyses) and advanced exploratory data mining and predictive modeling capabilities that are not provided by currently available open-source software (e.g., unsupervised clustering analyses, a machine learning-based source tracking and apportionment tool). As a key advance, most core MSS functions are supported by machine learning algorithms (e.g., clustering algorithms and predictive modeling algorithms) to facilitate function accuracy and/or efficiency. MSS reliability was validated with mixed chemical standards of known composition, with 99.5% feature extraction accuracy and ~ 52% overlap of extracted features relative to other open-source software tools. Example user cases of laboratory data evaluation are provided to illustrate MSS functionalities and demonstrate reliability. MSS expands available HRMS data analysis workflows for water quality evaluation and environmental forensics, and is readily integrated with existing capabilities. As an open-source package, we anticipate further development of improved data analysis capabilities in collaboration with interested users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximin Hu
- Center for Urban Waters, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Derek Mar
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nozomi Suzuki
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Katherine T Peter
- Center for Urban Waters, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA
| | - David A C Beck
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Edward P Kolodziej
- Center for Urban Waters, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA.
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46
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Beckers LM, Altenburger R, Brack W, Escher BI, Hackermüller J, Hassold E, Illing G, Krauss M, Krüger J, Michaelis P, Schüttler A, Stevens S, Busch W. A data-derived reference mixture representative of European wastewater treatment plant effluents to complement mixture assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 179:108155. [PMID: 37688808 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are polluted with a multitude of organic micropollutants, which challenges risk assessment due the complexity and diversity of pollutant mixtures. The recognition that certain source-specific background pollution occurs ubiquitously in the aquatic environment might be one way forward to approach mixture risk assessment. To investigate this hypothesis, we prepared one typical and representative WWTP effluent mixture of organic micropollutants (EWERBmix) comprised of 81 compounds selected according to their high frequency of occurrence and toxic potential. Toxicological relevant effects of this reference mixture were measured in eight organism- and cell-based bioassays and compared with predicted mixture effects, which were calculated based on effect data of single chemicals retrieved from literature or different databases, and via quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs). The results show that the EWERBmix supports the identification of substances which should be considered in future monitoring efforts. It provides measures to estimate wastewater background concentrations in rivers under consideration of respective dilution factors, and to assess the extent of mixture risks to be expected from European WWTP effluents. The EWERBmix presents a reasonable proxy for regulatory authorities to develop and implement assessment approaches and regulatory measures to address mixture risks. The highlighted data gaps should be considered for prioritization of effect testing of most prevalent and relevant individual organic micropollutants of WWTP effluent background pollution. The here provided approach and EWERBmix are available for authorities and scientists for further investigations. The approach presented can furthermore serve as a roadmap guiding the development of archetypic background mixtures for other sources, geographical settings and chemical compounds, e.g. inorganic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rolf Altenburger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Hackermüller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Computer Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Enken Hassold
- German Environment Agency - UBA, Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
| | - Gianina Illing
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janet Krüger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul Michaelis
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Stevens
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wibke Busch
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
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47
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Chang J, Jiao M, Zhang Z, Liu W, Li W, Xu P, Wan B. Mechanistic insight into the adverse outcome of tire wear and road particle leachate exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108053. [PMID: 37356306 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWP) have become the major microplastic pollution in China. Road runoff containing TWP leachate can decrease the eye size and even induced mortality in the aquatic organisms. However, the toxic mechanism of TWP and road particles (RP) leachate on aquatic organisms is still unclear. In this study, the zebrafish embryos were exposed to TWP or RP leachate for 5 days at both environmental relevant and high concentrations. The adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) were screened from individual to molecular levels. The morphological and behavioral analysis demonstrated that the leachate exposure mainly impaired the eye development of zebrafish larvae and inhibited the larval swim behavior and phototactic response, which are the adverse outcomes. The phototransduction modulated by zebrafish retina was significantly down-regulated through transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. The eye histopathological analysis showed that the decreased thickness of the retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL) and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) after leachate exposure were caused by the decreased photoreceptor cells. Moreover, the expression of NR2E3 and TPO genes showed concentration-dependent down-regulation after leachate exposure. The inhibition of photoreceptor cell proliferation was identified as the main reason for photoreceptor cell decrease in zebrafish larval eye. This study, for the first time, uncovered the underlying toxic mechanism of TWP and RP on zebrafish larval eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Meng Jiao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoguang Zhang
- Tongzhou Asphalt Factory, Beijing Municipal Road and Bridge Building Material Group Co. LTD, Beijing 101108, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bin Wan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China.
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48
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Jin R, Wu Y, He Q, Sun P, Chen Q, Xia C, Huang Y, Yang J, Liu M. Ubiquity of Amino Accelerators and Antioxidants in Road Dust from Multiple Land Types: Targeted and Nontargeted Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:10361-10372. [PMID: 37402695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Amino accelerators and antioxidants (AAL/Os), as well as their degradation derivatives, are industrial additives of emerging concern due to their massive production and use (particularly in rubber tires), pervasiveness in the environment, and documented adverse effects. This study delineated their inter-regional variations in road dust collected from urban/suburb, agricultural, and forest areas, and screened for less-studied AAL/O analogues with high-resolution mass spectrometry. 1,3-Diphenylguanidine (DPG; median concentration: 121 ng/g) and N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q; 9.75 ng/g) are the most abundant congeners, constituting 69.7% and 41.4% of the total concentrations of AAL/Os (192 ng/g) and those of AAO transformation products (22.3 ng/g), respectively. The spatial distribution across the studied sites suggests evident human impacts, reflected by the pronounced urban signature and vehicle-originated pollution. Our nontargeted analysis of the most-contaminated road dust identified 16 AAL/O-related chemicals, many of which have received little investigation. Particularly, environmental and toxicological information remains extremely scarce for five out of the 10 most concerning compounds prioritized in terms of their dusty residues and toxicity including 1,2-diphenyl-3-cyclohexylguanidine (DPCG), N,N''-bis[2-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]guanidine (BPPG), and N-(4-anilinophenyl)formamide (PPD-CHO). Additionally, dicyclohexylamine (DChA), broadly applied as an antioxidant in automobile products, had an even greater median level than DPG. Therefore, future research on their health risks and (eco)toxic potential is of high importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihe Jin
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qun He
- Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chunjie Xia
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Ye Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China
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49
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Li J, Xu J, Jiang X. Urban runoff mortality syndrome in zooplankton caused by tire wear particles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121721. [PMID: 37116570 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater runoff from roadways is a global threat to water quality, aquatic organisms, and ecosystems. Tire tread wear particles (TWP) from roadway runoff may lead to urban runoff mortality syndrome (URMS) in some aquatic organisms. We tested the hypothesis that urban runoff from roadways can kill zooplankton. Both roadway runoff and TWP leachate were acutely lethal to a model species, the water flea Daphnia pulex. Life table experiments further revealed the lowered survival rates, intrinsic rate of increase, average life span, and net productive rate of D. pulex when exposed to roadway runoff and TWP leachate. The tire rubber antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) mainly contributed to the TWP toxicity. The toxicity of TWP and 6PPD extracted varied with time in nature. Cladocerans and rotifers were more sensitive to TWP and 6PPD than copepods. These results demonstrate the presence of URMS in zooplankton, which may cascade through food webs and affect aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Li
- State Key Laboratory Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Xu
- State Key Laboratory Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Jiang JR, Chen ZF, Liao XL, Liu QY, Zhou JM, Ou SP, Cai Z. Identifying potential toxic organic substances in leachates from tire wear particles and their mechanisms of toxicity to Scenedesmus obliquus. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:132022. [PMID: 37453356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWPs) are increasingly being found in the aquatic environment. However, there is limited information available on the environmental consequences of TWP constituents that may be release into water. In this study, TWP leachate samples were obtained by immersing TWPs in ultrapure water. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry and toxicity identification, we identified potentially toxic organic substances in the TWP leachates. Additionally, we investigated their toxicity and underlying mechanisms. Through our established workflow, we structurally identified 13 substances using reference standards. The median effective concentration (EC50) of TWP leachates on Scenedesmus obliquus growth was comparable to that of simulated TWP leachates prepared with consistent concentrations of the 13 identified substances, indicating their dominance in the toxicity of TWP leachates. Among these substances, cyclic amines (EC50: 1.04-3.65 mg/L) were found to be toxic to S. obliquus. We observed significant differential metabolites in TWP leachate-exposed S. obliquus, primarily associated with linoleic acid metabolism and purine metabolism. Oxidative stress was identified as a crucial factor in algal growth inhibition. Our findings shed light on the risk posed by TWP leachable substances to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ru Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiao-Liang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian-Yi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia-Ming Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shi-Ping Ou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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