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Tuncay G, Yuksekdag A, Mutlu BK, Koyuncu I. A review of greener approaches for rare earth elements recovery from mineral wastes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124379. [PMID: 38885830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The use of rare earth elements (REE) in many various fields, including high-tech products, increases the demand for these materials day by day. The production of REE from primary sources has expanded in response to increasing demand; however, due to its limited, a more sustainable supply is also started to offer for the REE demand by using secondary sources. The most commonly used metallurgical method for REE recovery is hydrometallurgical processes. However, it has some disadvantages, like pyrometallurgical methods. In the review, studies of the environmental impacts of REE production from primary sources and life cycle assessments of products containing REE were investigated. According to the results, it has been seen that those studies in the literature in which hydrometallurgical methods have changed to more environmentally friendly approaches have begun to increase. In this review, mine wastes, which are secondary sources, were defined, conventional methods of recovery of rare earth elements were discussed, greener approaches to the recovery of REE from these sources were comprehensively examined and studies in the literature were evaluated. Furthermore, it was stated that there are limited studies on green approaches and REE recovery from mineral wastes and that this field is developing with an emphasis on the current outlook and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Tuncay
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK) - Rare Earth Elements Research Institute (NATEN), Kahramankazan, 06980, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Yuksekdag
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Borte Kose Mutlu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
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2
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Mao M, Qi Y, Lu K, Chen Q, Xie X, Li X, Lin Z, Chai L, Liu W. Selective Capacitive Recovery of Rare-Earth Ions from Wastewater over Phosphorus-Modified TiO 2 Cathodes via an Electro-Adsorption Process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:14013-14021. [PMID: 39041953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Large amounts of wastewater containing low-concentration (<10 ppm) rare-earth ions (REIs) are discharged annually in China's rare-earth mining and processing industry, resulting in severe environmental pollution and economic losses. Hence, achieving efficient selective recovery of low-concentration REIs from REIs-containing wastewater is essential for environmental protection and resource recovery. In this study, a pseudocapacitance system was designed for highly efficient capacitive selective recovery of REIs from wastewater using the titanium dioxide/P/C (TiO2/P/C) composite electrode, which exhibited over 99% recovery efficiency for REIs, such as Eu3+, Dy3+, Tb3+, and Lu3+ in mixed solution. This system maintained high efficiency and more than 90 times the enrichment concentration of REIs even after 100 cycles. Ti4+ of TiO2 was reduced to Ti3+ of Ti3O5 under forward voltage in the system, which trapped the electrons of phosphorus site and caused it to be oxidized to phosphate with a strong affinity for REIs, thus improving the selectivity of REIs. Under reverse voltage, Ti3O5 was oxidized to TiO2, which transferred electrons to phosphate and transformed to the phosphorus site, resulting in the desorption and enrichment of REIs and the regeneration of the electrode. This study provides a promising method for the efficient recovery of REIs from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlin Mao
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Yue Qi
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Kaibin Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Qin Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Xiangta Xie
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zhang Lin
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earths, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
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3
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Xu R, Zhang J, Kang Y, Yu H, Zhang W, Hua M, Pan B, Zhang X. Reversible pH-Gated MXene Membranes with Ultrahigh Mono-/Divalent-Ion Selectivity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6835-6842. [PMID: 38570313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Artificial ion channel membranes hold high promise in water treatment, nanofluidics, and energy conversion, but it remains a great challenge to construct such smart membranes with both reversible ion-gating capability and desirable ion selectivity. Herein, we constructed a smart MXene-based membrane via p-phenylenediamine functionalization (MLM-PPD) with highly stable and aligned two-dimensional subnanochannels, which exhibits reversible ion-gating capability and ultrahigh metal ion selectivity similar to biological ion channels. The pH-sensitive groups within the MLM-PPD channel confers excellent reversible Mg2+-gating capability with a pH-switching ratio of up to 100. The mono/divalent metal-ion selectivity up to 1243.8 and 400.9 for K+/Mg2+ and Li+/Mg2+, respectively, outperforms other reported membranes. Theoretical calculations combined with experimental results reveal that the steric hindrance and stronger PPD-ion interactions substantially enhance the energy barrier for divalent metal ions passing through the MLM-PPD, and thus leading to ultrahigh mono/divalent metal-ion selectivity. This work provides a new strategy for developing artificial-ion channel membranes with both reversible ion-gating functionality and high-ion selectivity for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ming Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiwang Zhang
- UQ Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
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4
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Middleton A, Hedin BC, Hsu-Kim H. Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Acid Mine Drainage with Supported Liquid Membranes: Impacts of Feedstock Composition for Extraction Performance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2998-3006. [PMID: 38287223 PMCID: PMC10868582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) from inactive coal mines can be enriched in rare earth elements (REEs) and has gained much attention as an alternative source for these technology-critical metals. However, AMD is a relatively low-grade REE resource in which the abundance of impurities and the composition variability of the feedstock create major uncertainties for the performance of REE extraction technologies. This study sought to identify AMD feedstock variables that influence the extraction efficiency of REEs by supported liquid membranes (SLMs). SLM separation is a process involving a hydrophobic membrane embedded with an extracting solvent that facilitates the selective extraction of REE ions. The major aims were to (1) assess the effectiveness of SLM-based REE separation from several AMD samples representing a spectrum of aqueous composition, (2) determine the effects of AMD storage and holding time on extraction performance, and (3) assess the impact of AMD pretreatment (e.g., filtration and pH adjustment) on REE recovery. The results showed that relative extraction fluxes of REE correlated with AMD characteristics such as pH and major ions such as Fe, Ca, and Mn. The purity of the acid strippant product, expressed as the REE dry weight content, depended on the initial REE concentrations in the AMD source rather than the flux of individual REEs across the membrane. For AMD samples stored for 3 months prior to extraction, REE recovery by SLM separations was substantially decreased if oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) was observed during sample storage. Pretreatment of AMD feedstocks by pH adjustment did not substantially improve the separation performance. Overall, this study establishes primary water quality parameters of AMD that influence the SLM separation flux and product purity. Such insights contribute to a mechanistic understanding of critical metals extractions by SLM for complex and nontraditional feedstocks such as AMD wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Middleton
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Box 90287, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Benjamin C. Hedin
- Hedin
Environmental, 195 Castle
Shannon Blvd., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15228, United States
| | - Heileen Hsu-Kim
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Box 90287, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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5
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Wen Y, Hu L, Boxleiter A, Li D, Tang Y. Rare Earth Elements Recovery and Waste Management of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ash. ACS SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2024; 1:17-27. [PMID: 39177103 PMCID: PMC10840445 DOI: 10.1021/acssusresmgt.3c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The advancements in high-tech products and pursuit of renewable energy demand a massive and continuously growing supply of rare earth elements (REE). However, REE production from mining is heavily restricted by technoeconomic limitations and global geopolitical tensions. Municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWIA) has been recently recognized as a potential alternative for REE recovery. This study applies and optimizes a green modular treatment system using organic ligands for effective REE recovery and concentration from MSWIA with minimal generation of secondary wastes. Citrate extracted >80% of total REE at pH 2.0 and ∼60% at pH 4.0. A subsequent oxalate precipitation step selectively concentrated >98% of extracted REE by ∼7-12 times compared to raw MSWIA. Waste byproducts were upcycled to synthesize zeolites, resulting in an overall solid waste volume reduction of ∼80% and heavy metal immobilization efficiency of ∼75% with negligible leaching, bringing the dual benefits of REE recovery and waste management. This work serves as a pioneer study in REE recovery from an emerging source and provides system level insights on the practicality of a simple three-step treatment system. Compared to existing literature, this system features a low chemical/energy input and a light environmental footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Wen
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lei Hu
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Anthony Boxleiter
- Department
of Geosciences, Georgia State University, 38 Peachtree Center Avenue, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Dien Li
- Savannah
River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina 29808, United States
| | - Yuanzhi Tang
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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6
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Kaczorowska MA. The Latest Achievements of Liquid Membranes for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Aqueous Solutions-A Mini Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:839. [PMID: 37888011 PMCID: PMC10608305 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The systematic increase in the use of rare earth elements (REEs) in various technologically advanced products around the world (e.g., in electronic devices), the growing amount of waste generated by the use of high-tech materials, and the limited resources of naturally occurring REE ores resulted in an intensive search for effective and environmentally safe methods for recovering these elements. Among these methods, techniques based on the application of various types of liquid membranes (LMs) play an important role, primarily due to their high efficiency, the simplicity of membrane formation and use, the utilization of only small amounts of environmentally hazardous reagents, and the possibility of simultaneous extraction and back-extraction and reusing the membranes after regeneration. However, because both primary and secondary sources (e.g., waste) of REEs are usually complex and contain a wide variety of components, and the selectivity and efficiency of LMs depend on many factors (e.g., the composition and form of the membrane, nature of the recovered ions, composition of the feed and stripping phases, etc.), new membranes are being developed that are "tailored" to the properties of the recovered rare earth elements and to the character of the solution in which they occur. This review describes the latest achievements (since 2019) related to the recovery of a range of REEs with the use of various liquid membranes (supported liquid membranes (SLMs), emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs), and polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs)), with particular emphasis on methods that fall within the trend of eco-friendly solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata A Kaczorowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, PL 85326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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7
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Liu P, Zhao S, Xie N, Yang L, Wang Q, Wen Y, Chen H, Tang Y. Green Approach for Rare Earth Element (REE) Recovery from Coal Fly Ash. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5414-5423. [PMID: 36942728 PMCID: PMC10077585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing demands of rare earth elements (REEs) and the vulnerability of REEs to potential supply disruption, there have been increasing interests in recovering REEs from waste streams such as coal fly ash (CFA). Meanwhile, CFA as a large industrial waste stream in the United States (U.S.) poses significant environmental and economic burdens. Recovery of REEs from CFA is a promising solution to the REE scarcity issue and also brings opportunities for CFA management. This study demonstrates a green system for REE recovery from Class F and C CFA that consists of three modules: REE leaching using citrate, REE separation and concentration using oxalate, and zeolite synthesis using secondary wastes from Modules I and II. In Module I, ∼10 and 60% REEs were leached from the Class F and C CFA samples, respectively, using citrate at pH 4. In Module II, the addition of oxalate selectively precipitated and concentrated REEs from the leachate via the formation of weddellite (CaC2O4·2H2O), while other trace metals remained in solution. In Module III, zeolite was synthesized using wastes from Modules I and II. This study is characterized by the successful recovery of REEs and upcycling of secondary wastes, which addresses both REE recovery and CFA management challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Simin Zhao
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Nan Xie
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lufeng Yang
- Woodruff
School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Qian Wang
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yinghao Wen
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hailong Chen
- Woodruff
School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yuanzhi Tang
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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8
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Ye Q, Jin X, Zhu B, Gao H, Wei N. Lanmodulin-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Highly Selective Biosorbent for Recovery of Rare Earth Elements. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4276-4285. [PMID: 36790366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recovering rare earth elements (REEs) from waste streams represents a sustainable approach to diversify REE supply while alleviating the environmental burden. However, it remains a critical challenge to selectively separate and concentrate REEs from low-grade waste streams. In this study, we developed a new type of biosorbent by immobilizing Lanmodulin-SpyCatcher (LanM-Spycatcher) on the surface of SpyTag-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for selective separation and recovery of REEs from waste streams. The biosorbent, referred to as MNP-LanM, had an adsorption activity of 6.01 ± 0.11 μmol-terbium/g-sorbent and fast adsorption kinetics. The adsorbed REEs could be desorbed with >90% efficiency. The MNP-LanM selectively adsorbed REEs in the presence of a broad range of non-REEs. The protein storage stability of the MNP-LanM increased by two-fold compared to free LanM-SpyCatcher. The MNP-LanM could be efficiently separated using a magnet and reused with high stability as it retained ∼95% of the initial activity after eight adsorption-desorption cycles. Furthermore, the MNP-LanM selectively adsorbed and concentrated REEs from the leachate of coal fly ash and geothermal brine, resulting in 967-fold increase of REE purity. This study provides a scientific basis for developing innovative biosorptive materials for selective and efficient separation and recovery of REEs from low-grade feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhui Ye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3221 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiuyu Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3221 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Baotong Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3221 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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9
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Saha D, Bhasin V, Khalid S, Smeriglio N, Cuka S, Bhattacharyya D, Rodgers J, Panja P, Deo M, Apple T. Adsorption of Rare Earth Elements in Carboxylated Mesoporous Carbon. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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10
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Deonarine A, Schwartz GE, Ruhl LS. Environmental Impacts of Coal Combustion Residuals: Current Understanding and Future Perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1855-1869. [PMID: 36693217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
On-site solid-waste impoundments, landfills, and receiving water bodies have served as long-term disposal sites for coal combustion residuals (CCRs) across the United States for decades and collectively contain billions of tons of CCR material. CCR components include fine particulate material, minerals, and trace elements such as mercury, arsenic, selenium, lead, etc., which can have deleterious effects on ecosystem functioning and public health. Effects on communities can occur through consumption of drinking water, fish, and other aquatic organisms. The structural failure of impoundments, water infiltration, leakage from impoundments due to poor construction and monitoring, and CCR effluent discharges to water bodies have in the past resulted in harmful environmental impacts. Moreover, the risks posed by CCRs are present to this day, as coal continues to account for 11% of the energy production in the United States. In this Critical Review, the legacy of CCR disposal and the concomitant risks posed to public health and ecosystems are assessed. The resiliency of CCR disposal sites in the context of increased frequency and intensity of storm events and other hazards, such as floods and earthquakes, is also evaluated. We discuss the current state of knowledge on the environmental fate of CCR-derived elements, as well as advances in and limitations of analytical tools, which can improve the current understanding of CCR environmental impacts in order to mitigate the associated risks. An assessment of the 2015 Coal Ash Final Rule is also presented, along with needs to improve monitoring of CCR disposal sites and regulatory enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrika Deonarine
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, 911 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, Texas 79401, United States
| | - Grace E Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, Wofford College, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29303, United States
| | - Laura S Ruhl
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Arkansas Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
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11
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Khanghah FA, Karimi-Sabet J, Ghotbi C. Experimental study on the removal of Ca(II) from aqueous solution using a bulk liquid membrane with facilitated transport mechanism. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Li L, Yu B, Davis K, King A, Dal-Cin M, Nicalek A, Du N. Separation of Neodymium (III) and Lanthanum (III) via a Flat Sheet-Supported Liquid Membrane with Different Extractant-Acid Systems. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12121197. [PMID: 36557104 PMCID: PMC9784832 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for neodymium (Nd) permanent magnets in electric motors has revived research interest of Nd recovery and separation from other rare earth elements (REEs). Typically, Nd/La separation is necessary for Nd recovery from primary ores and secondary resource recycling. This research used a flat sheet-supported liquid membrane (FSSLM) with different extractant-acid systems to extract Nd from a Nd/La mixture. The recovery and separation of Nd/La with 204P-H2SO4, 507P-HCl, and TBP-HNO3 were discussed. The results showed effective Nd recovery and promising Nd/La selectivity could be achieved in the 507P-HCl system, compared to 204P-H2SO4 and TBP-HNO3. The addition of citric acid to the feed solution was effective for pH buffering but did not improve the Nd transport or Nd/La selectivity. Long-term stability of the 507P-HCl extractant system was demonstrated by extending the processing time from 6 h to 6 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (B.Y.); (N.D.)
| | - Ben Yu
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (B.Y.); (N.D.)
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13
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Daumann LJ, Pol A, Op den Camp HJM, Martinez-Gomez NC. A perspective on the role of lanthanides in biology: Discovery, open questions and possible applications. Adv Microb Physiol 2022; 81:1-24. [PMID: 36167440 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Because of their use in high technologies like computers, smartphones and renewable energy applications, lanthanides (belonging to the group of rare earth elements) are essential for our daily lives. A range of applications in medicine and biochemical research made use of their photo-physical properties. The discovery of a biological role for lanthanides has boosted research in this new field. Several methanotrophs and methylotrophs are strictly dependent on the presence of lanthanides in the growth medium while others show a regulatory response. After the first demonstration of a lanthanide in the active site of the XoxF-type pyrroloquinoline quinone methanol dehydrogenases, follow-up studies showed the same for other pyrroloquinoline quinone-containing enzymes. In addition, research focused on the effect of lanthanides on regulation of gene expression and uptake mechanism into bacterial cells. This review briefly describes the discovery of the role of lanthanides in biology and focuses on open questions in biological lanthanide research and possible application of lanthanide-containing bacteria and enzymes in recovery of these special elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena J Daumann
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Arjan Pol
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Huub J M Op den Camp
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - N Cecilia Martinez-Gomez
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
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14
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Petrović M, Fiket Ž. Environmental damage caused by coal combustion residue disposal: A critical review of risk assessment methodologies. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134410. [PMID: 35346741 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coal combustion generates almost 40% of world's electricity. However, it also produces 1.1 billion tons of coal combustion residues (CCR) annually, half of which end up in landfills. Although current regulations require proper lining and monitoring programs, the ubiquitous old, abandoned landfills are often not lined nor included in these programs. In addition, the total number of coal ash disposal sites and their status in the world is unknown. Therefore, this article reviews the environmental damage caused by CCR and three commonly used risk assessment methodologies: leaching assessment, groundwater assessment, and toxicity testing. Leaching methods are usually the first step in coal ash risk assessment, however, a large number of methods with different parameters make a comparison of data difficult. Groundwater pollution is commonly detected near coal ash disposal sites, but other anthropogenic activities may also exist nearby. Therefore, multivariate statistical methods and isotope traces should be used to differentiate between different sources of pollution. So far, both stable (δ18O, δD, δ11B, δ34S, δ7Li) and radiogenic (87Sr/86Sr, 206Pb/207Pb) isotopes have been successfully used as coal ash pollution tracers. Coal ash also negatively affects biota, reduces the diversity of organisms, affects children's health, and increases the risk for developing various diseases. Toxicity studies are great for early screening of coal ash safety; however, they provide no insights into mechanisms causing the adverse effects. Future directions are also proposed, such as the development of new 'low-level' detection methods for coal ash pollution and sustainable and selective method for recovery of critical elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Petrović
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Fiket
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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15
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Okeme IC, Crane RA, Nash WM, Ojonimi TI, Scott TB. Characterisation of rare earth elements and toxic heavy metals in coal and coal fly ash. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19284-19296. [PMID: 35865568 PMCID: PMC9249045 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02788g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to increasing demand for rare earth elements (REE), growing concerns over their sustainability, and domination of their supply by China, coal fly ash has recently emerged as a viable target for REE recovery. With billions of tonnes in repositories and still more being generated across the globe, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly and economical extraction technologies for the recovery of the REEs from coal fly ash, and to consider the environmental implications of such a recovery process. This study reports characterisation of Nigerian simulant coal fly ash, and investigates the distribution and leaching of the REEs and U, Th, As, Cr, Cd and Pb from these materials using ethanoic acid. Significant amounts (14% to 31%) of the REEs were recovered in the acid-soluble fraction of a sequential extraction procedure using ethanoic acid. While the greatest amounts of U (53% to 62%) and Th (89% to 96%) were recovered in the stable residual fraction, significant amounts (3% to 13%) of U were recovered in the acid-soluble fraction. As was the most enriched element in the mobile acid-soluble fraction (46% to 60%), followed by Cd (15% to 34%). These results demonstrate that REEs contained within coal fly ash - especially those sourced from coal-fired power plants burning coal at temperatures between 700 °C and 1100 °C - can be recovered through an environmentally friendly procedure using the cost-effective heap leaching method, with ethanoic acid or the more cheaply-available vinegar as lixiviant. These results are also valuable for cost evaluation of rare earths recovery from coal fly ash generated by fluidised bed combustion coal fired power plants, and the development of methodologies for coal fly ash management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilemona C Okeme
- School of Physics, University of Bristol, HH Wills Physics Laboratory Bristol BS8 1TL UK +44 (0)7376625377
| | - Richard A Crane
- Camborne School of Mines, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter UK
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter UK
| | - William M Nash
- Camborne School of Mines, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter UK
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter UK
| | | | - Thomas B Scott
- School of Physics, University of Bristol, HH Wills Physics Laboratory Bristol BS8 1TL UK +44 (0)7376625377
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16
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Wu G, Shi N, Wang T, Cheng CM, Wang J, Tian C, Pan WP. Enrichment and occurrence form of rare earth elements during coal and coal gangue combustion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:44709-44722. [PMID: 35133594 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coal ash has emerged as an important alternative source for rare earth elements (REEs). The enrichment and occurrence form of REEs among coal combustion products are of great significance for both technical design and economic evaluation of recovering REEs from the coal ash. Here, the enrichment and occurrence form of REEs in the ash were investigated. Compared with ashes from muffle furnace, coal fly ash (CFA) from power plants involved higher enrichment ratio of REEs, which was explained by the fractionation of coal ashes to concentrate REEs in finer CFA, higher combustion temperature to vaporize more volatile elements, and longer residence time of fly ash to absorb REEs in the gas. In addition, CFA samples were analyzed by sequence chemical extraction procedure (SCEP) and scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDX), which revealed the important role of aluminum in the occurrence form of REEs compared with Si in aluminosilicates of CFA. This conclusion was further confirmed by thermodynamic equilibrium calculation, which also agreed qualitatively with the observation that REEs mainly existed in the solid phase. Both experimental and computational results of this work provided insights to understand the distribution of REEs in CFA and optimize their extraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
- North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Nan Shi
- EXPEC-ARC, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Chin-Min Cheng
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chunxiao Tian
- Stat Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Wei-Ping Pan
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
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17
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Dispersive Solid–Liquid Microextraction Based on the Poly(HDDA)/Graphene Sorbent Followed by ICP-MS for the Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Coal Fly Ash Leachate. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12050791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A dispersive solid-phase microextraction (DSPME) sorbent consisting of poly(1,6-hexanediol diacrylate)-based polymer microspheres, with embedded graphene microparticles (poly(HDDA)/graphene), was synthesized by microfluidic emulsification/photopolymerization and characterized by optical microscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. This sorbent was applied for simple, fast, and sensitive vortex-assisted DSPME of rare earth elements (RREs) in coal fly ash (CFA) leachate, prior to their quantification by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Among nine DSPME variables, the Plackett–Burman screening design (PBD), followed by the central composite optimization design (CCD) using the Derringer desirability function (D), identified the eluent type as the most influencing DSPME variable. The optimum conditions with maximum D (0.65) for the chelating agent di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) amount, the sorbent amount, the eluting solvent, the extraction temperature, the centrifuge speed, the vortexing time, the elution time, the centrifugation time, and pH, were set to 60 μL, 30 mg, 2 M HNO3, 25 °C, 6000 rpm, 1 min, 1 min, 5 min, and 4.2, respectively. Analytical validation of the DSPME method for 16 REEs (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) in CFA leachate samples estimated the detection limits at the low ppt level, the recovery range 43–112%, and relative standard deviation within ± 22%. This method was applied to a water extraction procedure (EP) and acetic acid toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) for leachate of CFA, from five different coal-fired thermoelectric power plants. The most abundant REEs in leachate (20 ÷ 1 solid-to-liquid ratio) are Ce, Y, and La, which were found in the range of 22–194 ng/L, 35–105 ng/L, 48–95 ng/L, and 9.6–51 μg/L, 7.3–22 μg/L, 2.4–17 μg/L, for EP and TCLP leachate, respectively. The least present REE in TCLP leachate was Lu (42–125 ng/L), which was not detected in EP leachate.
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18
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Hovey JL, Dittrich TM, Allen MJ. Coordination Chemistry of Surface-Associated Ligands for Solid–Liquid Adsorption of Rare-Earth Elements. J RARE EARTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Bouchmila I, Bejaoui Kefi B, Djebali K, Souissi R. Optimization and modeling of solid-phase extraction of rare earth elements with chert using design methodology. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Abidli A, Huang Y, Ben Rejeb Z, Zaoui A, Park CB. Sustainable and efficient technologies for removal and recovery of toxic and valuable metals from wastewater: Recent progress, challenges, and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133102. [PMID: 34914948 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to their numerous effects on human health and the natural environment, water contamination with heavy metals and metalloids, caused by their extensive use in various technologies and industrial applications, continues to be a huge ecological issue that needs to be urgently tackled. Additionally, within the circular economy management framework, the recovery and recycling of metals-based waste as high value-added products (VAPs) is of great interest, owing to their high cost and the continuous depletion of their reserves and natural sources. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art technologies developed for the removal and recovery of metal pollutants from wastewater by providing an in-depth understanding of their remediation mechanisms, while analyzing and critically discussing the recent key advances regarding these treatment methods, their practical implementation and integration, as well as evaluating their advantages and remaining limitations. Herein, various treatment techniques are covered, including adsorption, reduction/oxidation, ion exchange, membrane separation technologies, solvents extraction, chemical precipitation/co-precipitation, coagulation-flocculation, flotation, and bioremediation. A particular emphasis is placed on full recovery of the captured metal pollutants in various reusable forms as metal-based VAPs, mainly as solid precipitates, which is a powerful tool that offers substantial enhancement of the remediation processes' sustainability and cost-effectiveness. At the end, we have identified some prospective research directions for future work on this topic, while presenting some recommendations that can promote sustainability and economic feasibility of the existing treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnasser Abidli
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute for Water Innovation (IWI), Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 55 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada.
| | - Yifeng Huang
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute for Water Innovation (IWI), Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 55 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zeineb Ben Rejeb
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Aniss Zaoui
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute for Water Innovation (IWI), Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 55 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada.
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21
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Yuksekdag A, Kose-Mutlu B, Siddiqui AF, Wiesner MR, Koyuncu I. A holistic approach for the recovery of rare earth elements and scandium from secondary sources under a circular economy framework - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133620. [PMID: 35033522 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Limited natural resources and a continuous increase in the demand for modern technological products, is creating a demand and supply gap for rare earth elements (REEs) and Sc. There is therefore a need to adopt the sustainable approach of the circular economy system (CE). In this review, we defined six steps required to close the loop and recover REEs, using a holistic approach. Recent statistics on REEs and Sc demand and the number of waste generations are reported and studies on more environmentally friendly, economic, and/or efficient recovery processes are summarized. Pilot-scale recovery facilities are described for several types of secondary sources. Finally, we identify obstacles to closing the REE loop in a circular economy and the reasons why secondary sources are not preferred over primary sources. Briefly, recovery from secondary sources should be environmentally and economically friendly and of an acceptable standard concerning final product quality. However, current technologies for recovery from for secondary sources are limiting and technology needs will vary depending on the source type. The quality/purity of the recovered metals should be proven so that they do not result in any adverse effects on the product quality, when they are being used as secondary raw material. In addition, for industrial-scale facilities, process improvements are required that consider environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Yuksekdag
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Borte Kose-Mutlu
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Azmat Fatima Siddiqui
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Duke University, 27708, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
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22
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Bao S, Wang Y, Wei Z, Yang W, Yu Y. Highly efficient recovery of heavy rare earth elements by using an amino-functionalized magnetic graphene oxide with acid and base resistance. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127370. [PMID: 34879566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the application of various magnetic materials for water treatment, control of surface resistance to acid and alkali corrosion remains largely overlooked, which could greatly extend their service life. We herein prepare amino grafted magnetic graphene oxide composites using a simple one-step cross-link reaction between the graphene oxide and magnetic Fe3O4/C nanoparticles. The as-prepared magnetic graphene oxide composites have long-term stability under acid and alkali solutions and shows an excellent performance in removing Ho(III), a representative rare earth element (REE) from water. The observed adsorption capacity of 72.1 mg Ho(III)/g exceeded that of most magnetic materials previously reported. Regeneration of the magnetic composites was realized in acid and alkali solutions but their structural integrity and physicochemical properties retained even after 18 adsorption-desorption cycles. The current adsorbent also shows excellent adsorption performance for other heavy REEs, such as Er(III), Eu(III), Lu(III), Tm(III), Y(III) and Yb(III). This work can provide a new strategy for constructing an acid and base resistance magnetic graphene oxide for the high-efficient recovery of heavy REEs from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyou Bao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China; Centre for Water Technology (WATEC) & Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yingjun Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC) & Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Weiwei Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
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23
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Deng B, Wang X, Luong DX, Carter RA, Wang Z, Tomson MB, Tour JM. Rare earth elements from waste. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm3132. [PMID: 35138886 PMCID: PMC8827657 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical materials in electronics and clean technologies. With the diminishing of easily accessible minerals for mining, the REE recovery from waste is an alternative toward a circular economy. Present methods for REE recovery suffer from lengthy purifications, low extractability, and high wastewater streams. Here, we report an ultrafast electrothermal process (~3000°C, ~1 s) based on flash Joule heating (FJH) for activating wastes to improve REE extractability. FJH thermally degrades or reduces the hard-to-dissolve REE species to components with high thermodynamic solubility, leading to ~2× increase in leachability and high recovery yields using diluted acid (e.g., 0.1 M HCl). The activation strategy is feasible for various wastes including coal fly ash, bauxite residue, and electronic waste. The rapid FJH process is energy-efficient with a low electrical energy consumption of 600 kWh ton-1. The potential for this route to be rapidly scaled is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Duy Xuan Luong
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Robert A. Carter
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Mason B. Tomson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - James M. Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, NanoCarbon Center and the Welch Institute for Advanced Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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24
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Bashiri A, Nikzad A, Maleki R, Asadnia M, Razmjou A. Rare Earth Elements Recovery Using Selective Membranes via Extraction and Rejection. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:80. [PMID: 35054606 PMCID: PMC8779715 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, demands for raw materials like rare earth elements (REEs) have increased considerably due to their high potential applications in modern industry. Additionally, REEs' similar chemical and physical properties caused their separation to be difficult. Numerous strategies for REEs separation such as precipitation, adsorption and solvent extraction have been applied. However, these strategies have various disadvantages such as low selectivity and purity of desired elements, high cost, vast consumption of chemicals and creation of many pollutions due to remaining large amounts of acidic and alkaline wastes. Membrane separation technology (MST), as an environmentally friendly approach, has recently attracted much attention for the extraction of REEs. The separation of REEs by membranes usually occurs through three mechanisms: (1) complexation of REE ions with extractant that is embedded in the membrane matrix, (2) adsorption of REE ions on the surface created-active sites on the membrane and (3) the rejection of REE ions or REEs complex with organic materials from the membrane. In this review, we investigated the effect of these mechanisms on the selectivity and efficiency of the membrane separation process. Finally, potential directions for future studies were recommended at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Bashiri
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16845-161, Iran;
| | - Arash Nikzad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada;
| | - Reza Maleki
- Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-547, Iran;
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Amir Razmjou
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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25
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Singer H, Drobot B, Zeymer C, Steudtner R, Daumann LJ. Americium preferred: lanmodulin, a natural lanthanide-binding protein favors an actinide over lanthanides. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15581-15587. [PMID: 35003587 PMCID: PMC8654097 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04827a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The separation and recycling of lanthanides is an active area of research with a growing demand that calls for more environmentally friendly lanthanide sources. Likewise, the efficient and industrial separation of lanthanides from the minor actinides (Np, Am–Fm) is one of the key questions for closing the nuclear fuel cycle; reducing costs and increasing safety. With the advent of the field of lanthanide-dependent bacterial metabolism, bio-inspired applications are in reach. Here, we utilize the natural lanthanide chelator lanmodulin and the luminescent probes Eu3+ and Cm3+ to investigate the inter-metal competition behavior of all lanthanides (except Pm) and the major actinide plutonium as well as three minor actinides neptunium, americium and curium to lanmodulin. Using time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy we show that lanmodulin has the highest relative binding affinity to Nd3+ and Eu3+ among the lanthanide series. When equimolar mixtures of Cm3+ and Am3+ are added to lanmodulin, lanmodulin preferentially binds to Am3+ over Cm3+ whilst Nd3+ and Cm3+ bind with similar relative affinity. The results presented show that a natural lanthanide-binding protein can bind a major and various minor actinides with high relative affinity, paving the way to bio-inspired separation applications. In addition, an easy and versatile method was developed, using the fluorescence properties of only two elements, Eu and Cm, for inter-metal competition studies regarding lanthanides and selected actinides and their binding to biological molecules. In need of environmentally friendly methods for the separation and recycling of lanthanides and actinides, the binding of the protein lanmodulin to lanthanides and actinides was studied using time resolved laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Singer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Butenandtstraße 5 - 13 81377 München Germany
| | - Björn Drobot
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V. Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Cathleen Zeymer
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Robin Steudtner
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V. Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Lena J Daumann
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Butenandtstraße 5 - 13 81377 München Germany
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26
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Dong Z, Mattocks JA, Deblonde GJP, Hu D, Jiao Y, Cotruvo JA, Park DM. Bridging Hydrometallurgy and Biochemistry: A Protein-Based Process for Recovery and Separation of Rare Earth Elements. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1798-1808. [PMID: 34841054 PMCID: PMC8614107 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The extraction and subsequent separation of individual rare earth elements (REEs) from REE-bearing feedstocks represent a challenging yet essential task for the growth and sustainability of renewable energy technologies. As an important step toward overcoming the technical and environmental limitations of current REE processing methods, we demonstrate a biobased, all-aqueous REE extraction and separation scheme using the REE-selective lanmodulin protein. Lanmodulin was conjugated onto porous support materials using thiol-maleimide chemistry to enable tandem REE purification and separation under flow-through conditions. Immobilized lanmodulin maintains the attractive properties of the soluble protein, including remarkable REE selectivity, the ability to bind REEs at low pH, and high stability over numerous low-pH adsorption/desorption cycles. We further demonstrate the ability of immobilized lanmodulin to achieve high-purity separation of the clean-energy-critical REE pair Nd/Dy and to transform a low-grade leachate (0.043 mol % REEs) into separate heavy and light REE fractions (88 mol % purity of total REEs) in a single column run while using ∼90% of the column capacity. This ability to achieve, for the first time, tandem extraction and grouped separation of REEs from very complex aqueous feedstock solutions without requiring organic solvents establishes this lanmodulin-based approach as an important advance for sustainable hydrometallurgy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Dong
- Critical
Materials Institute, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Joseph A. Mattocks
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Gauthier J.-P. Deblonde
- Critical
Materials Institute, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
- Glenn
T. Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Dehong Hu
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Yongqin Jiao
- Critical
Materials Institute, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Joseph A. Cotruvo
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Dan M. Park
- Critical
Materials Institute, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
- E-mail:
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Patel M, Karamalidis AK. Germanium: A review of its US demand, uses, resources, chemistry, and separation technologies. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Zhang Y, Yan J, Xu J, Tian C, Matyjaszewski K, Tilton RD, Lowry GV. Phosphate Polymer Nanogel for Selective and Efficient Rare Earth Element Recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:12549-12560. [PMID: 34464106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Demand for rare earth elements (REEs) is increasing, and REE production from ores is energy-intensive. Recovering REEs from waste streams can provide a more sustainable approach to help meet REE demand but requires materials with high selectivity and capacity for REEs due to the low concentration of REEs and high competing ion concentrations. Here, we developed a phosphate polymer nanogel (PPN) to selectively recover REEs from low REE content waste streams, including leached fly ash. A high phosphorus content (16.2 wt % P as phosphate groups) in the PPN provides an abundance of coordination sites for REE binding. In model solutions, the distribution coefficient (Kd) for all REEs ranged from 1.3 × 105 to 3.1 × 105 mL g-1 at pH = 7, and the sorption capacity (qm) for Nd, Gd, and Ho were ∼300 mg g-1. The PPN was selective toward REEs, outcompeting cations (Ca, Mg, Fe, Al) at up to 1000-fold excess concentration. The PPN had a Kd of ∼105-106 mL g-1 for lanthanides in coal fly ash leachate (pH = 5), orders of magnitude higher than the Kd of major competing ions (∼103-104 mL g-1). REEs were recovered from the PPN using 3.5% HNO3, and the material remained effective over three sorption-elution cycles. The high REE capacity and selectivity and good durability in a real waste stream matrix suggest its potential to recover REEs from a broad range of secondary REE stocks.
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Stoy L, Diaz V, Huang CH. Preferential Recovery of Rare-Earth Elements from Coal Fly Ash Using a Recyclable Ionic Liquid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9209-9220. [PMID: 34159779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent global geopolitical tensions have exacerbated the scarcity of rare-earth elements (REEs), which are critical across many industries. REE-rich coal fly ash (CFA), a coal combustion residual, has been proposed as a potential source. Conventional REE-CFA recovery methods are energy- and material-intensive and leach elements indiscriminately. This study has developed a new valorization process based on the ionic liquid (IL) betainium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Hbet][Tf2N]) for preferential extraction of REEs from different CFAs. Efficient extraction relies on [Hbet][Tf2N]'s thermomorphic behavior with water: upon heating, water and the IL form a single liquid phase, and REEs are leached from CFA via a proton-exchange mechanism. Upon cooling, the water and IL separate, and leached elements partition between the two phases. REEs were preferentially extracted over bulk elements from CFAs into the IL phase and then recovered in a subsequent mild-acid stripping step, regenerating the IL. Alkaline pretreatment significantly improved REE leaching efficiency from recalcitrant Class-F CFAs, and additional betaine improved REE and bulk element separation. Weathered CFA showed slightly higher REE leaching efficiency than unweathered CFA, and Class-C CFA demonstrated higher leaching efficiency but less selective partitioning than Class-F CFAs. Significantly, this method consistently exhibits a particularly high extraction efficiency for scandium across different CFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stoy
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Victoria Diaz
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- College of Engineering, Chemical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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30
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Selective recovery of rare earth elements with ligand-functionalized polymers in fixed-bed adsorption columns. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Cybulski O, Dygas M, Mikulak-Klucznik B, Siek M, Klucznik T, Choi SY, Mitchell RJ, Sobolev YI, Grzybowski BA. Concentric liquid reactors for chemical synthesis and separation. Nature 2020; 586:57-63. [PMID: 32999483 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed increased interest in systems that are capable of supporting multistep chemical processes without the need for manual handling of intermediates. These systems have been based either on collections of batch reactors1 or on flow-chemistry designs2-4, both of which require considerable engineering effort to set up and control. Here we develop an out-of-equilibrium system in which different reaction zones self-organize into a geometry that can dictate the progress of an entire process sequence. Multiple (routinely around 10, and in some cases more than 20) immiscible or pairwise-immiscible liquids of different densities are placed into a rotating container, in which they experience a centrifugal force that dominates over surface tension. As a result, the liquids organize into concentric layers, with thicknesses as low as 150 micrometres and theoretically reaching tens of micrometres. The layers are robust, yet can be internally mixed by accelerating or decelerating the rotation, and each layer can be individually addressed, enabling the addition, sampling or even withdrawal of entire layers during rotation. These features are combined in proof-of-concept experiments that demonstrate, for example, multistep syntheses of small molecules of medicinal interest, simultaneous acid-base extractions, and selective separations from complex mixtures mediated by chemical shuttles. We propose that 'wall-less' concentric liquid reactors could become a useful addition to the toolbox of process chemistry at small to medium scales and, in a broader context, illustrate the advantages of transplanting material and/or chemical systems from traditional, static settings into a rotating frame of reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgierd Cybulski
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Miroslaw Dygas
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Mikulak-Klucznik
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Siek
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tomasz Klucznik
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Seong Yeol Choi
- Division of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert J Mitchell
- Division of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaroslav I Sobolev
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bartosz A Grzybowski
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Liu C, Yan Q, Zhang X, Lei L, Xiao C. Efficient Recovery of End-of-Life NdFeB Permanent Magnets by Selective Leaching with Deep Eutectic Solvents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10370-10379. [PMID: 32673480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The NdFeB permanent magnet is a critical material in digital electronics and clean energy industry. Traditional recovery processes based on the solvent extraction technique would consume high energy and large amounts of chemicals as well as resulting in abundant secondary organic wastes. In this work, a green process using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in the selective leaching technology was designed to recover NdFeB permanent magnets. Nine kinds of DESs composed of guanidine were prepared and screened as the leachants. The guanidine hydrochloride-lactic acid (GUC-LAC) combined DES achieved the highest separation factor (>1300) between neodymium and iron through simple dissolution of their corresponding oxide mixture. The mass concentration of Nd dissolved in the GUC-LAC DES could reach 6.7 × 104 ppm. The viscosity of this type of DES at 50 °C was 36 cP, which was comparable to many common organic solvents. In a practical recovery of roasted magnet powders, the Nd2O3 product with 99% purity was facilely obtained with only one dissolution step, followed by a stripping process with oxalic acid. Even after 3 cycles, the GUC-LAC DES kept the same dissolution property and chemical stability. With such superior performances in selective leaching of rare earth elements from transition metals, the GUC-LAC DES is greatly promising in the rare earth element recovery field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanying Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Qibin Yan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lecheng Lei
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengliang Xiao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, People's Republic of China
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Asadollahzadeh M, Torkaman R, Torab-Mostaedi M, Hemmati A, Ghaemi A. Efficient recovery of neodymium and praseodymium from NdFeB magnet-leaching phase with and without ionic liquid as a carrier in the supported liquid membrane. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Park D, Middleton A, Smith R, Deblonde G, Laudal D, Theaker N, Hsu-Kim H, Jiao Y. A biosorption-based approach for selective extraction of rare earth elements from coal byproducts. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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