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Waly DA, Zeid AHA, Attia HN, Ahmed KA, El-Kashoury ESA, El Halawany AM, Mohammed RS. Comprehensive phytochemical characterization of Persea americana Mill. fruit via UPLC/HR-ESI-MS/MS and anti-arthritic evaluation using adjuvant-induced arthritis model. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:3243-3262. [PMID: 37936023 PMCID: PMC10692038 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Persea americana Mill. (avocado fruit) has many health benefits when added to our diet due to various pharmacological activities, such as preventing bone loss and inflammation, modulating immune response and acting as an antioxidant. In the current study, the total ethanol extract (TEE) of the fruit was investigated for in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity via DPPH and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibition. Biological evaluation of the antiarthritic effect of the fruit extract was further investigated in vivo using Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) arthritis model, where the average percentages of body weight change, inhibition of paw edema, basal paw diameter/weight and spleen index were estimated for all animal groups. Inflammatory mediators such as serum IL-6 and TNF-α were also determined, in addition to histopathological examination of the dissected limbs isolated from all experimental animals. Eighty-one metabolites belonging to different chemical classes were detected in the TEE of P. americana fruit via UPLC/HR-ESI-MS/MS. Two classes of lyso-glycerophospholipids; lyso-glycerophosphoethanolamines and lysoglycerophosphocholines were detected for the first time in avocado fruit in the positive mode. The TEE of fruit exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. In vivo anti-arthritic activity of the fruit TEE improved paw parameters, inflammatory mediators and spleen index. Histopathological findings showed marked improvements in the arthritic condition of the excised limbs. Therefore, avocado fruit could be proposed to be a powerful antioxidant and antiarthritic natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Atef Waly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33-Elbohouth St (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Aisha Hussein Abou Zeid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33-Elbohouth St (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan Naeim Attia
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Pharmacology Group), National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33-Elbohouth St (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ali Mahmoud El Halawany
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Reda Sayed Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33-Elbohouth St (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
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Wu X, Li P, Wang W, Xu J, Ai R, Wen Q, Cui B, Zhang F. The Underlying Changes in Serum Metabolic Profiles and Efficacy Prediction in Patients with Extensive Ulcerative Colitis Undergoing Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Nutrients 2023; 15:3340. [PMID: 37571277 PMCID: PMC10421017 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC). Metabolomic techniques would assist physicians in clinical decision-making. (2) Methods: Patients with active UC undergoing FMT were enrolled in the study and monitored for 3 months. We explored short-term changes in the serum metabolic signatures of groups and the association between baseline serum metabolomic profiles and patient outcomes. (3) Results: Forty-four eligible patients were included in the analysis. Of them, 50.0% and 29.5% achieved clinical response and clinical remission, respectively, 3 months post-FMT. The top two significantly altered pathways in the response group were vitamin B6 metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Both the remission and response groups exhibited an altered and enriched pathway for the biosynthesis of primary bile acid. We found a clear separation between the remission and non-remission groups at baseline, characterized by the higher levels of glycerophosphocholines, glycerophospholipids, and glycerophosphoethanolamines in the remission group. A random forest (RF) classifier was constructed with 20 metabolic markers selected by the Boruta method to predict clinical remission 3 months post-FMT, with an area under the curve of 0.963. (4) Conclusions: FMT effectively induced a response in patients with active UC, with metabolites partially improving post-FMT in the responsive group. A promising role of serum metabolites in the non-invasive prediction of FMT efficacy for UC demonstrated the value of metabolome-informed FMT in managing UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Department of Microbiota Medicine, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; (X.W.); (P.L.); (W.W.); (J.X.); (R.A.); (Q.W.); (B.C.)
- Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Microbiota Medicine, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; (X.W.); (P.L.); (W.W.); (J.X.); (R.A.); (Q.W.); (B.C.)
- Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Department of Microbiota Medicine, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; (X.W.); (P.L.); (W.W.); (J.X.); (R.A.); (Q.W.); (B.C.)
- Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Microbiota Medicine, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; (X.W.); (P.L.); (W.W.); (J.X.); (R.A.); (Q.W.); (B.C.)
- Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Rujun Ai
- Department of Microbiota Medicine, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; (X.W.); (P.L.); (W.W.); (J.X.); (R.A.); (Q.W.); (B.C.)
- Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Quan Wen
- Department of Microbiota Medicine, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; (X.W.); (P.L.); (W.W.); (J.X.); (R.A.); (Q.W.); (B.C.)
- Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Bota Cui
- Department of Microbiota Medicine, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; (X.W.); (P.L.); (W.W.); (J.X.); (R.A.); (Q.W.); (B.C.)
- Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Faming Zhang
- Department of Microbiota Medicine, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; (X.W.); (P.L.); (W.W.); (J.X.); (R.A.); (Q.W.); (B.C.)
- Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
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3
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Das T, Chatterjee N, Capanoglu E, Lorenzo JM, Das AK, Dhar P. The synergistic ramification of insoluble dietary fiber and associated non-extractable polyphenols on gut microbial population escorting alleviation of lifestyle diseases. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100697. [PMID: 37206320 PMCID: PMC10189415 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the pertinent research which aims at exploring the therapeutic effects of polyphenols usually misapprehends a large fraction of non-extractable polyphenols due to their poor aqueous-organic solvent extractability. These polymeric polyphenols (i.e., proanthocyanins, hydrolysable tannins and phenolic acids) possess a unique property to adhere to the food matrix polysaccharides and protein sowing to their structural complexity with high glycosylation, degree of polymerization, and plenty of hydroxyl groups. Surprisingly resistance to intestinal absorption does not hinder its bioactivity but accelerates its functionality manifolds due to the colonic microbial catabolism in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby protecting the body from local and systemic inflammatory diseases. This review highlights not only the chemistry, digestion, colonic metabolism of non-extractable polyphenols (NEPP) but also summarises the synergistic effect of matrix-bound NEPP exerting local as well as systemic health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Das
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata 700027, West Bengal, India
| | - Niloy Chatterjee
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD 2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098, India
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Universidade de Vigo, Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Corresponding authors at: Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain (E. Capanoglu).
| | - Arun K. Das
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37 Belgachia Road, Kolkata-700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Pubali Dhar
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata 700027, West Bengal, India
- Corresponding authors at: Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain (E. Capanoglu).
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Del-Castillo-Llamosas A, Rodríguez-Rebelo F, Rodríguez-Martínez B, Mallo-Fraga A, Del-Río PG, Gullón B. Valorization of Avocado Seed Wastes for Antioxidant Phenolics and Carbohydrates Recovery Using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1156. [PMID: 37371886 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Avocado seeds represent the chief waste produced in avocado processing, leading not only to environmental problems regarding its elimination but to a loss of economic profitability. In fact, avocado seeds are known as interesting sources of bioactive compounds and carbohydrates, so their utilization may reduce the negative effect produced during the industrial manufacture of avocado-related products. In this sense, deep eutectic solvents (DES) are a novel greener alternative than organic solvents to extract bioactive polyphenols and carbohydrates. The study was based on a Box-Behnken experimental design to study the effect of three factors, temperature (40, 50, 60 °C), time (60, 120, 180 min) and water content (10, 30, 50% v/v) on the responses of total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant capacity (measured as ABTS and FRAP) and xylose content in the extract. The DES Choline chloride:glycerol (1:1) was used as solvent on avocado seed. Under optimal conditions, TPC: 19.71 mg GAE/g, TFC: 33.41 mg RE/g, ABTS: 20.91 mg TE/g, FRAP: 15.59 mg TE/g and xylose: 5.47 g/L were obtained. The tentative identification of eight phenolic compounds was assayed via HPLC-ESI. The carbohydrate content of the solid residue was also evaluated, and that solid was subjected to two different processing (delignification with DES and microwave-assisted autohydrolysis) to increase the glucan susceptibility to enzymes, and was also assayed reaching almost quantitative glucose yields. These results, added to the non-toxic, eco-friendly, and economic nature of DES, demonstrate that these solvents are an efficient alternative to organic solvents to recover phenolics and carbohydrates from food wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Rebelo
- Departamento de Enxeñaría Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | | | - Adrián Mallo-Fraga
- Departamento de Enxeñaría Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Pablo G Del-Río
- Departamento de Enxeñaría Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Stokes Laboratories, School of Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Beatriz Gullón
- Departamento de Enxeñaría Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Taibi A, Lofft Z, Laytouni-Imbriaco B, Comelli EM. The role of intestinal microbiota and microRNAs in the anti-inflammatory effects of cranberry: from pre-clinical to clinical studies. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1092342. [PMID: 37287997 PMCID: PMC10242055 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1092342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranberries have known anti-inflammatory properties, which extend their benefits in the context of several chronic diseases. These benefits highly rely on the polyphenol profile of cranberries, one of few foods rich in A-type proanthocyanidin (PAC). A-type PAC comprises flavan-3-ol subunits with an additional interflavan ether bond in the conformational structure of the molecule, separating them from the more commonly found B-type PAC. PACs with a degree of polymerization higher than three are known to reach the colon intact, where they can be catabolyzed by the gut microbiota and biotransformed into lower molecular weight organic acids that are available for host absorption. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites have garnered much attention in the past decade as mediators of the health effects of parent compounds. Though, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain underexplored. In this review, we highlight emerging evidence that postulates that polyphenols, including ones derived from cranberries, and their metabolites could exert anti-inflammatory effects by modulating host microRNAs. Our review first describes the chemical structure of cranberry PACs and a pathway for how they are biotransformed by the gut microbiota. We then provide a brief overview of the benefits of microbial metabolites of cranberry in the intestinal tract, at homeostasis and in inflammatory conditions. Finally, we discuss the role of microRNAs in intestinal health and in response to cranberry PAC and how they could be used as targets for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Most of this research is pre-clinical and we recognize that conducting clinical trials in this context has been hampered by the lack of reliable biomarkers. Our review discusses the use of miRNA as biomarkers in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Taibi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zoe Lofft
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Elena Maria Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Das S, Gnanasambandan R. Intestinal microbiome diversity of diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease: Current status and future perspective. Life Sci 2023; 316:121414. [PMID: 36682521 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A significant portion of the health burden of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is caused by both type 1 and type 2 diabetes which leads to morbidity and mortality globally. It is one of the most common diabetic complications characterized by loss of renal function with high prevalence, often leading to acute kidney disease (AKD). Inflammation triggered by gut microbiota is commonly associated with the development of DKD. Interactions between the gut microbiota and the host are correlated in maintaining metabolic and inflammatory homeostasis. However, the fundamental processes through which the gut microbiota affects the onset and progression of DKD are mainly unknown. In this narrative review, we summarised the potential role of the gut microbiome, their pathogenicity between diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD), and their impact on host immunity. A well-established association has already been seen between gut microbiota, diabetes and kidney disease. The gut-kidney interrelationship is confirmed by mounting evidence linking gut dysbiosis to DKD, however, it is still unclear what is the real cause of gut dysbiosis, the development of DKD, and its progression. In addition, we also try to distinguish novel biomarkers for early detection of DKD and the possible therapies that can be used to regulate the gut microbiota and improve the host immune response. This early detection and new therapies will help clinicians for better management of the disease and help improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Das
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Ramanathan Gnanasambandan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
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Biosynthesis and medicinal applications of proanthocyanidins: A recent update. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Phenol-Rich Botanicals Modulate Oxidative Stress and Epithelial Integrity in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172188. [PMID: 36077907 PMCID: PMC9454507 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanicals are mainly known for their role as antimicrobials and anti-inflammatories. Thus, the dual purpose of the study was to verify the antioxidant potential of the tested botanicals and to evaluate their possible modulation of intestinal barrier integrity. As the effects of various phenol-rich extracts were screened, the human Caco-2 cell line was determined to be most suitable for use as the in vitro model for the intestinal epithelium. The tested botanicals, all approved as feed additives, are ginger essential oil, tea tree oil, grape seed extract, green tea extract, olive extract, chestnut extract, pomegranate extract, thyme essential oil, and capsicum oleoresin. The cells were treated with incremental doses of each botanical, followed by measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), gene expression of tight junctions (TJs), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results showed how different phenol-rich botanicals could modulate barrier functions and oxidative stress in different ways. Interestingly, all the botanicals tested exerted an antioxidant potential by dropping the cytoplasmatic ROS, while the beneficial effect was exerted at different concentrations for each botanical. Our data support the role of plant extracts and essential oils in controlling gut barrier function and in reducing the negative effects of oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells, thereby supporting gut barrier functionality.
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Lee JY, Kim CY. Preventive Effects of Thinned Apple Extracts on TNF-α-Induced Intestinal Tight Junction Dysfunction in Caco-2 Cells through Myosin Light Chain Kinase Suppression. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121714. [PMID: 35741912 PMCID: PMC9222279 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and elevation of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. Tight junctions (TJ) control the paracellular barrier of the gut. Thinned apples are an indispensable horticultural agro-waste for apple cultivation, but are disposed by most farmers. This study aimed to elucidate the preventive effect of thinned apple extracts (TAE) on the intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by TNF-α treatment in Caco-2 cells. The differentiated Caco-2 monolayers were pre-treated with mature apple extract (MAE) and TAE for 1 h and then incubated with 100 ng/mL TNF-α for 24 h. The TJ integrity was estimated by measuring the value of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran through paracellular transport. TAE had a better protective effect on the intestinal epithelial barrier than MAE did. Western blot results showed that TAE pre-retreatment elevated TJ protein levels such as claudin-1, -4, and -5. Moreover, TAE inhibited the interaction between zonula occludens proteins (ZO)-1 and occludin by reducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of ZO-1. The mechanisms underlying TAE-mediated attenuation of TNF-α-induced TJ disruption included suppression of myosin light chain kinase and NF-κB p65 protein levels. Therefore, thinned apples could be a sustainable ingredient for functional foods to prevent IBD.
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Blachier F, Andriamihaja M, Kong XF. Fate of undigested proteins in the pig large intestine: What impact on the colon epithelium? ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 9:110-118. [PMID: 35573094 PMCID: PMC9065739 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Apart from its obvious agronomic interest in feeding billions of people worldwide, the porcine species represents an irreplaceable experimental model for intestinal physiologists and nutritionists. In this review, we give an overview on the fate of proteins that are not fully digested in the pig small intestine, and thus are transferred into the large intestine. In the large intestine, dietary and endogenous proteins are converted to peptides and amino acids (AA) by the action of bacterial proteases and peptidases. AA, which cannot, except in the neonatal period, be absorbed to any significant level by the colonocytes, are used by the intestinal microbes for protein synthesis and for the production of numerous metabolites. Of note, the production of the AA-derived metabolites greatly depends on the amount of undigested polysaccharides in the pig's diet. The effects of these AA-derived bacterial metabolites on the pig colonic epithelium have not yet been largely studied. However, the available data, performed on colonic mucosa, isolated colonic crypts and colonocytes, indicate that some of them, like ammonia, butyrate, acetate, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and p-cresol are active either directly or indirectly on energy metabolism in colonic epithelial cells. Further studies in that area will certainly gain from the utilization of the pig colonic organoid model, which allows for disposal of functional epithelial unities. Such studies will contribute to a better understanding of the potential causal links between diet-induced changes in the luminal concentrations of these AA-derived bacterial metabolites and effects on the colon epithelial barrier function and water/electrolyte absorption.
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Lanuza F, Zamora-Ros R, Petermann-Rocha F, Martínez-Sanguinetti MA, Troncoso-Pantoja C, Labraña AM, Leiva-Ordoñez AM, Nazar G, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Ulloa N, Lasserre-Laso N, Parra-Soto S, Martorell M, Villagrán M, Garcia-Diaz DF, Andrés-Lacueva C, Celis-Morales C. Advances in Polyphenol Research from Chile: A Literature Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2009508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Lanuza
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Epidemiología Cardiovascular y Nutricional (EPICYN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - R Zamora-Ros
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Petermann-Rocha
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - C Troncoso-Pantoja
- Centro de Investigación en Educación y Desarrollo (CIEDE-UCSC), Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - AM Labraña
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - AM Leiva-Ordoñez
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - G Nazar
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, y Centro de Vida Saludable. Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - K Ramírez-Alarcón
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - N Ulloa
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, y Centro de Vida Saludable, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - N Lasserre-Laso
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles, Chile
| | - S Parra-Soto
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Martorell
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - M Villagrán
- Department of Basic Science, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - DF Garcia-Diaz
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - C Andrés-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Celis-Morales
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio (CIFE), Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Grupo de Estudio en Educación, Actividad Física y Salud (GEEAFyS), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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12
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The role of dietary proteins and carbohydrates in gut microbiome composition and activity: A review. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Melekoglu E, Cetinkaya MA, Kepekci-Tekkeli SE, Kul O, Samur G. Effects of prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin on gut-derived uremic toxins and disease progression in rats with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258145. [PMID: 34614017 PMCID: PMC8494360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that dysbiosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases gut-derived uremic toxins (GDUT) generation, leads to systemic inflammation, reactive oxygen species generation, and poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of oligofructose-enriched inulin supplementation on GDUT levels, inflammatory and antioxidant parameters, renal damage, and intestinal barrier function in adenine-induced CKD rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group (CTL, n = 12) fed with standard diet; and CKD group (n = 16) given adenine (200 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for 3-weeks to induce CKD. At the 4th week, CKD rats were subdivided into prebiotic supplementation (5g/kg/day) for four consecutive weeks (CKD-Pre, n = 8). Also, the control group was subdivided into two subgroups; prebiotic supplemented (CTL-Pre, n = 6) and non-supplemented group (CTL, n = 6). Results showed that prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin supplementation did not significantly reduce serum indoxyl sulfate (IS) but did significantly reduce serum p-Cresyl sulfate (PCS) (p = 0.002) in CKD rats. Prebiotic supplementation also reduced serum urea (p = 0.008) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels (p = 0.001), ameliorated renal injury, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p = 0.002) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p = 0.001) in renal tissues of CKD rats. No significant changes were observed in colonic epithelial tight junction proteins claudin-1 and occludin in the CKD-Pre group. In adenine-induced CKD rats, oligofructose-enriched inulin supplementation resulted in a reduction in serum urea and PCS levels, enhancement of the antioxidant activity in the renal tissues, and retardation of the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Melekoglu
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Alper Cetinkaya
- Laboratory Animals Application and Research Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Evrim Kepekci-Tekkeli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Kul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Gulhan Samur
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Blachier F, Andriamihaja M. Effects of the L-tyrosine-derived bacterial metabolite p-cresol on colonic and peripheral cells. Amino Acids 2021; 54:325-338. [PMID: 34468872 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Specific families of bacteria present within the intestinal luminal content produce p-cresol from L-tyrosine. Although the hosts do not synthesize p-cresol, they can metabolize this compound within their colonic mucosa and liver leading to the production of co-metabolites including p-cresyl sulfate (p-CS) and p-cresyl glucuronide (p-CG). p-Cresol and its co-metabolites are recovered in the circulation mainly conjugated to albumin, but also in their free forms that are excreted in the urine. An increased dietary protein intake raises the amount of p-cresol recovered in the feces and urine, while fecal excretion of p-cresol is diminished by a diet containing undigestible polysaccharides. p-Cresol in excess is genotoxic for colonocytes. In addition, in these cells, this bacterial metabolite decreases mitochondrial oxygen consumption, while increasing the anion superoxide production. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), marked accumulation of p-cresol and p-CS in plasma is measured, and in renal tubular cells, p-cresol and p-CS increase oxidative stress, affect mitochondrial function, and lead to cell death, strongly suggesting that these 2 compounds act as uremic toxins that aggravate CKD progression. p-Cresol and p-CS are also suspected to play a role in the CKD-associated adverse cardiovascular events, since they affect endothelial cell proliferation and migration, decrease the capacity of endothelial wound repair, and increase the senescence of endothelial cells. Finally, the fact that concentration of p-cresol is transiently increased in young autistic children biological fluids, and that intraperitoneal injection of p-cresol in animal models induces some behavioral characteristics observed in the autism spectrum disorders (ASD), raise the view that p-cresol may possibly represent one of the components involved in ASD etiology. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies are obviously needed to determine if the lowering of p-cresol and/or p-CS circulating concentrations, by dietary and/or pharmacological means, would allow, by itself or in combination with other interventions, to improve CKD progression and associated cardiovascular outcomes, as well as some neurological outcomes in children with an early diagnosis of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Blachier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France.
| | - M Andriamihaja
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
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15
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Interference of dietary polyphenols with potentially toxic amino acid metabolites derived from the colonic microbiota. Amino Acids 2021; 54:311-324. [PMID: 34235577 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Each day, varying amounts of undigested or partially digested proteins reach the colon where they are metabolized by the microbiota, resulting in the formation of compounds such as ammonia, p-cresol, skatole, phenol, indole, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In farm animals, the excessive production of these metabolites can affect the quality of meat and milk and is a source of contaminating emissions from animal manure. In humans, their accumulation is potentially harmful, and it has been proposed that they could be involved in the development of pathologies such as colorectal cancer and ulcerative colitis, among others. This review assesses the evidence supporting the use of dietary polyphenols to reduce the production of these metabolites. Most studies have used condensed (proanthocyanidins) or hydrolyzable (ellagitannins and gallotannins) tannins, and have been carried out in farm animals. Several show that the administration of tannins in pigs, chicken, and ruminants decreases the levels of ammonia, p-cresol, skatole, and/or H2S, improving meat/milk quality and reducing manure odor. Direct application of tannins to manure also decreases ammonia emissions. Few studies were carried out in rats and humans and their results confirm, to a lesser extent, those reported in farm animals. These effects would be due to the capacity of tannins to trap ammonia and H2S, and to modify the composition of the microbiota, reducing the bacterial populations producing metabolites. In addition, PACs prevent p-cresol and H2S-induced alterations on intestinal cells in vitro. Tannins, therefore, appear as an interesting tool for improving the quality of animal products, human health, and the harmful emissions associated with breeding.
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16
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Yang S, Zhang Y, Li W, You B, Yu J, Huang X, Yang R. Gut Microbiota Composition Affects Procyanidin A2-Attenuated Atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- Mice by Modulating the Bioavailability of Its Microbial Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6989-6999. [PMID: 34142543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Procyanidin A2 (PCA2) has been shown to improve lipid metabolism. However, it remains to know whether it can play a role in preventing atherosclerosis (AS) through gut microbiota. This study examined the effect of PCA2 on high fat diet (HFD)-induced AS in ApoE-/- mice with an intact and antibiotic-depleted microbiota. PCA2 administration for 12 weeks attenuated HFD-induced AS in ApoE-/- mice, evidenced by obviously alleviating the histological abnormalities of the aorta, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which were accompanied by downregulating the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Moreover, PCA2 treatment reshaped the gut microbiota imbalance caused by HFD, especially reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and increasing the abundance of Verrucomicrobia. However, antibiotic intervention almost offset the alleviation of AS by PCA2 and prevented the biotransformation of PCA2 by gut microbiota, thus resulting in a 2327.21-6.27-fold decrease in its microbial metabolites of plasma. There was a marked correlation among the microbiota composition, the bioavailability of PCA2-derived microbial metabolites, and AS indicators. The findings indicate that the gut microbiota robustly influences the bioavailability of microbial metabolites that may partially drive the AS resilience property of PCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wu Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Bangyan You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ruili Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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17
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Effects of p-Cresol on Oxidative Stress, Glutathione Depletion, and Necrosis in HepaRG Cells: Comparisons to Other Uremic Toxins and the Role of p-Cresol Glucuronide Formation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060857. [PMID: 34207666 PMCID: PMC8228354 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicological effects of p-cresol have primarily been attributed to its metabolism products; however, very little human data are available in the key organ (i.e., liver) responsible for the generation of these metabolites. Experiments were conducted in HepaRG cells utilizing the following markers of cellular toxicity: 2′-7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF; oxidative stress) formation, total cellular glutathione (GSH) concentration, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; cellular necrosis) release. Concentrations of p-cresol, p-cresol sulfate, and p-cresol glucuronide were determined using validated assays. p-Cresol exposure resulted in concentration- and time-dependent changes in DCF (EC50 = 0.64 ± 0.37 mM at 24 h of exposure) formation, GSH (EC50 = 1.00 ± 0.07 mM) concentration, and LDH (EC50 = 0.85 ± 0.14 mM) release at toxicologically relevant conditions. p-Cresol was also relatively more toxic than 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, indoxyl sulfate, kynurenic acid, and hippuric acid on all markers. Although the exogenous administration of p-cresol sulfate and p-cresol glucuronide generated high intracellular concentrations of these metabolites, both metabolites were less toxic compared to p-cresol at equal-molar conditions. Moreover, p-cresol glucuronide was the predominant metabolite generated in situ from p-cresol exposure. Selective attenuation of glucuronidation (without affecting p-cresol sulfate formation, while increasing p-cresol accumulation) using independent chemical inhibitors (i.e., 0.75 mM l-borneol, 75 µM amentoflavone, or 100 µM diclofenac) consistently resulted in further increases in LDH release associated with p-cresol exposure (by 28.3 ± 5.3%, 30.0 ± 8.2% or 27.3 ± 6.8%, respectively, compared to p-cresol treatment). These novel data indicated that p-cresol was a relatively potent toxicant, and that glucuronidation was unlikely to be associated with the manifestation of its toxic effects in HepaRG cells.
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18
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Sandoval-Ramírez BA, Catalán Ú, Pedret A, Valls RM, Motilva MJ, Rubió L, Solà R. Exploring the effects of phenolic compounds to reduce intestinal damage and improve the intestinal barrier integrity: A systematic review of in vivo animal studies. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:1719-1732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Cerda-Opazo P, Gotteland M, Oyarzun-Ampuero FA, Garcia L. Design, development and evaluation of nanoemulsion containing avocado peel extract with anticancer potential: A novel biological active ingredient to enrich food. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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The Relationship between Fruit Size and Phenolic and Enzymatic Composition of Avocado Byproducts (Persea americana Mill.): The Importance for Biorefinery Applications. HORTICULTURAE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae6040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Avocado byproducts are a rich source of health-promoting biomolecules. The purpose of this work is to study three groups of statistically different avocado fruit sizes (Persea americana Mill.) (small (S), medium (M), and large (L)), and their relationship with total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC, respectively), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging capacity and individual phenolics, and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in avocado peel extract (APE). The results indicated that TPC, TFC, and antioxidant and enzymatic activities were higher in the APE of the S group (p < 0.05). The flavonoids (flavanols and flavonols) and phenolic acids were also significatively concentrated in S group’s APE. Overall, the phenolic content was significantly lower in the L group. Positive correlations (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05) were observed between TPC, TPF, DPPH, and enzymatic activity, and negative correlations resulted for avocado weight and volume. The outstanding phenolic content and enzymatic activity of avocado peels from low-cost avocado byproducts are ideal for biorefinery applications, thereby increasing the bioeconomy of the avocado industry.
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21
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Beaumont M, Blachier F. Amino Acids in Intestinal Physiology and Health. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1265:1-20. [PMID: 32761567 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45328-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary protein digestion is an efficient process resulting in the absorption of amino acids by epithelial cells, mainly in the jejunum. Some amino acids are extensively metabolized in enterocytes supporting their high energy demand and/or production of bioactive metabolites such as glutathione or nitric oxide. In contrast, other amino acids are mainly used as building blocks for the intense protein synthesis associated with the rapid epithelium renewal and mucin production. Several amino acids have been shown to support the intestinal barrier function and the intestinal endocrine function. In addition, amino acids are metabolized by the gut microbiota that use them for their own protein synthesis and in catabolic pathways releasing in the intestinal lumen numerous metabolites such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, branched-chain amino acids, polyamines, phenolic and indolic compounds. Some of them (e.g. hydrogen sulfide) disrupts epithelial energy metabolism and may participate in mucosal inflammation when present in excess, while others (e.g. indole derivatives) prevent gut barrier dysfunction or regulate enteroendocrine functions. Lastly, some recent data suggest that dietary amino acids might regulate the composition of the gut microbiota, but the relevance for the intestinal health remains to be determined. In summary, amino acid utilization by epithelial cells or by intestinal bacteria appears to play a pivotal regulator role for intestinal homeostasis. Thus, adequate dietary supply of amino acids represents a key determinant of gut health and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beaumont
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - François Blachier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France.
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22
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Potential Effects of Antioxidant and Serum Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Gynura bicolorWater Extracts in Syrian Hamster. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/2907610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gynura bicolor(Roxb. and Willd.) DC (G. bicolor) is a dietary vegetable in the Far East. The aims of the present study were to investigate the antioxidant effects of theG. bicolorwater extract (GBWE) and its ability to regulate the blood lipid and lipoprotein profiles. In this study, the pigment composition and antioxidant ability of the GBWE were analyzed. Syrian hamsters were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and the GBWE for 12 weeks, and the blood lipid levels, lipoprotein profiles, and cholesterol metabolism-related enzyme levels were then examined. The results showed that the GBWE exhibited excellent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and ferrous-ion-chelating ability. The hepatic glutathione levels in the hamsters were increased after the administration of low (0.4 g/kg BW, GBWE-L) or high (0.8 g/kg BW, GBWE-H) levels of the GBWE. The GBWE-H-treated hamsters exhibited significantly decreased serum levels of total cholesterols (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and significantly increased levels of lectin-cholesterol acetyltransferase (LCAT). These results showed that GBWE-H can reduce the total cholesterol and LDL-C levels in HFD-fed hamsters, and this reduction might be involved in the regulation of LCAT expression.
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23
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Glorieux G, Gryp T, Perna A. Gut-Derived Metabolites and Their Role in Immune Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040245. [PMID: 32290429 PMCID: PMC7232434 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several of the uremic toxins, which are difficult to remove by dialysis, originate from the gut bacterial metabolism. This opens opportunities for novel targets trying to decrease circulating levels of these toxins and their pathophysiological effects. The current review focuses on immunomodulatory effects of these toxins both at their side of origin and in the circulation. In the gut end products of the bacterial metabolism such as p-cresol, trimethylamine and H2S affect the intestinal barrier structure and function while in the circulation the related uremic toxins stimulate cells of the immune system. Both conditions contribute to the pro-inflammatory status of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Generation and/or absorption of these toxin precursors could be targeted to decrease plasma levels of their respective uremic toxins and to reduce micro-inflammation in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griet Glorieux
- Nephrology Division, Ghent University Hospital and Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-3324511
| | - Tessa Gryp
- Nephrology Division, Ghent University Hospital and Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Alessandra Perna
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Insoluble-Bound Polyphenols Released from Guarana Powder: Inhibition of Alpha-Glucosidase and Proanthocyanidin Profile. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030679. [PMID: 32033416 PMCID: PMC7036825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian Food Supplement Law recently recognized that guarana (Paullinia cupana) contains bioactive substances, hence supporting its role as a functional food ingredient. The health benefits of guarana are associated, at least in part, to its phenolic compounds. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no literature addressing the presence of phenolic compounds in the fraction containing insoluble-bound compounds and its contribution in terms of alpha-glucosidase inhibition. The concentration of phenolic extracts released from the insoluble-bound fraction required to inhibit 50% of alpha-glucosidase (IC50) activity was 5.8-fold lower than that present in the soluble counterpart. Both fractions exhibited a mixed inhibition mode. Fourteen proanthocyanidins (dimers to tetramers) present in the insoluble-bound fraction were tentatively identified by MALDi-TOF-MS. Future studies aiming at increasing the concentration of the soluble counterpart are deemed necessary. The results presented here enhance the phenolic database of guarana and have a practical impact on the procurement of nutraceuticals and functional ingredients related to the prevention and/or management of type 2 diabetes. The Brazilian normative on food supplements has been recently revised. This study lends support to the future inclusion of guarana powder in the list of sources of proanthocyanidins for the industry of food supplements.
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25
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Jimenez P, Garcia P, Quitral V, Vasquez K, Parra-Ruiz C, Reyes-Farias M, Garcia-Diaz DF, Robert P, Encina C, Soto-Covasich J. Pulp, Leaf, Peel and Seed of Avocado Fruit: A Review of Bioactive Compounds and Healthy Benefits. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1717520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jimenez
- Departamento De Nutricion, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Garcia
- Departamento De Nutricion, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vilma Quitral
- Escuela De Nutricion Y Dietetica, Facultad De Salud, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Vasquez
- Departamento De Nutricion, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Parra-Ruiz
- Departamento De Nutricion, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Farias
- Departamento De Nutricion, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego F Garcia-Diaz
- Departamento De Nutricion, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paz Robert
- Departamento De Ciencia De Los Alimentos Y Tecnologia Quimica, Facultad De Ciencias Quimicas Y Farmaceuticas, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Encina
- Departamento De Ciencia De Los Alimentos Y Tecnologia Quimica, Facultad De Ciencias Quimicas Y Farmaceuticas, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessica Soto-Covasich
- Programa de Doctorado en Biotecnologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso-Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria
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26
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Cires MJ, Navarrete P, Pastene E, Carrasco-Pozo C, Valenzuela R, Medina DA, Andriamihaja M, Beaumont M, Blachier F, Gotteland M. Effect of a proanthocyanidin-rich polyphenol extract from avocado on the production of amino acid-derived bacterial metabolites and the microbiota composition in rats fed a high-protein diet. Food Funct 2020; 10:4022-4035. [PMID: 31218325 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00700h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of high-protein diets (HPDs) increases the flux of undigested proteins moving to the colon. These proteins are hydrolyzed by bacterial proteases and peptidases, releasing amino acids, which in turn are metabolized by the intestinal microbiota (IM) for protein synthesis and production of various metabolites that can exert positive or deleterious effects, depending on their concentrations, at the colonic or systemic level. On the other hand, proanthocyanidins are polymers of flavan-3-ols which cannot be absorbed at the intestinal level, accumulating in the colon where they are fermented by the IM producing metabolites that appear beneficial for colonocytes and also at the peripheral level. This study evaluated the effect of an avocado peel polyphenol extract (AvPPE) rich in proanthocyanidins on the production of cecal bacterial metabolites and microbiota composition in rats fed a HPD. Compared with the normal-protein (NP) group, HPD did not markedly affect the body weight gain of the animals, but increased the kidney weight. Additionally, the HPD induced a higher cecal concentration of ammonia (NH4+/NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs). The supplementation with AvPPE attenuated the production of H2S and increased the production of indole. On the other hand, the HPD affected the composition of the cecal microbiota, increasing the relative abundance of the genera Bacteroides and Lactobacillus, while decreasing Prevotella. The AvPPE counteracted the increase induced by the HPD on the genus Lactobacillus, and increased the relative abundance of [Prevotella]. Our results contribute towards explaining the health-promoting effects of proanthocyanidin-rich dietary foodstuffs including fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Cires
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile.
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile and Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edgar Pastene
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Catalina Carrasco-Pozo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile. and Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile.
| | - Daniel A Medina
- Applied Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, San Sebastian University, Lago Panguipulli 1390, Puerto Montt 5501842, Chile
| | | | - Martin Beaumont
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, France and GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Martin Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile. and Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile and Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
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27
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González-Quilen C, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltrán-Debón R, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Blay MT, Terra X. Health-Promoting Properties of Proanthocyanidins for Intestinal Dysfunction. Nutrients 2020; 12:E130. [PMID: 31906505 PMCID: PMC7019584 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is constantly exposed to potentially harmful environmental factors, including food components and bacterial endotoxins. When intestinal barrier function and immune homeostasis are compromised (intestinal dysfunction), inflammatory conditions may develop and impact overall health. Evidence from experimental animal and cell culture studies suggests that exposure of intestinal mucosa to proanthocyanidin (PAC)-rich plant products, such as grape seeds, may contribute to maintaining the barrier function and to ameliorating the pathological inflammation present in diet-induced obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we aim to update the current knowledge on the bioactivity of PACs in experimental models of intestinal dysfunction and in humans, and to provide insights into the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-Q.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (X.T.)
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28
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Peng YS, Syu JP, Wang SD, Pan PC, Kung HN. BSA-bounded p-cresyl sulfate potentiates the malignancy of bladder carcinoma by triggering cell migration and EMT through the ROS/Src/FAK signaling pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 36:287-300. [PMID: 31873818 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Para-cresyl sulfate (P-CS), a major uremic toxin derived from the metabolites of tyrosine and phenylalanine through liver, existed in the blood of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD increases the malignancy in bladder cancers; however, effects of P-CS on bladder cancers are not fully understood. P-CS is conjugated with BSA physiologically, and this study aims to investigate the effects and possible underlying mechanisms of BSA-bounded P-CS on human bladder cancer cells. With P-CS treatment, the intracellular ROS increased in bladder cancer cells. ROS then triggered epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stress fiber redistribution, and cell migration. With specific inhibitors, the key signals regulating P-CS-treated migration are Src and FAK. This study provided a clinical clue that patients with higher serum P-CS have a higher risk of malignant urothelial carcinomas, and a regulatory pathway of how P-CS regulates bladder cancer migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sen Peng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Pu Syu
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1-1 Jen-Ai Road, 10051, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-De Wang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1-1 Jen-Ai Road, 10051, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pie-Chun Pan
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1-1 Jen-Ai Road, 10051, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ni Kung
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1-1 Jen-Ai Road, 10051, Taipei, Taiwan.
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29
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Cires MJ, Navarrete P, Pastene E, Carrasco-Pozo C, Valenzuela R, Medina DA, Andriamihaja M, Beaumont M, Blachier F, Gotteland M. Protective Effect of an Avocado Peel Polyphenolic Extract Rich in Proanthocyanidins on the Alterations of Colonic Homeostasis Induced by a High-Protein Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11616-11626. [PMID: 31542929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Avocado peel, a byproduct from the avocado pulp industry, is a promising source of polyphenolic compounds. We evaluated the effect of a proanthocyanidin-rich avocado peel polyphenol extract (AvPPE) on the composition and metabolic activity of human fecal microbiota cultured for 24 h in a bioreactor in the presence of high protein (HP) amounts and the effect of the resulting culture supernatants (CSs) on HT-29Glc-/+ and Caco-2 cells. AvPPE decreased the HP-induced production of ammonia, H2S, propionate, and isovalerate and increased that of indole and butyrate. Microbiota composition was marginally affected by HP, whileAvPPE increased the microorganisms/abundance of phylum Actinobacteria, families Coriobacteriaceae and Ruminococcaceae, and genus Faecalibacterium. AvPPE failed to prevent the HP-induced decrease of HT-29Glc-/+ cell viability and energy efficiency but prevented the HP-induced alterations of barrier function in Caco-2 cells. Additionally, the genotoxic effect of the CSs upon HT-29Glc-/+ was attenuated by AvPPE. Therefore, AvPPE may be considered as a promising product for improving colonic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Cires
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine , University of Chile , Santiago 8380453 , Chile
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA) , University of Chile , Santiago 7830490 , Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota , Santiago , Chile
| | - Edgar Pastene
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Concepción , Concepción 4030000 , Chile
- Laboratorio de Sı́ntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad del Bı́o-Bı́o , Chillán 3780000 , Chile
| | - Catalina Carrasco-Pozo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine , University of Chile , Santiago 8380453 , Chile
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Nathan , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine , University of Chile , Santiago 8380453 , Chile
| | - Daniel A Medina
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria , Universidad San Sebastián , Lago Panguipulli 1390 , Puerto Montt 5480000 , Chile
| | | | - Martin Beaumont
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , Paris 75005 , France
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT , Toulouse 31326 , France
| | - François Blachier
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , Paris 75005 , France
| | - Martin Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine , University of Chile , Santiago 8380453 , Chile
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA) , University of Chile , Santiago 7830490 , Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota , Santiago , Chile
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30
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Catechin and Procyanidin B 2 Modulate the Expression of Tight Junction Proteins but Do Not Protect from Inflammation-Induced Changes in Permeability in Human Intestinal Cell Monolayers. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102271. [PMID: 31546671 PMCID: PMC6836206 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of counteracting inflammation-related barrier defects with dietary compounds such as (poly)phenols has raised much interest, but information is still scarce. We have investigated here if (+)-catechin (CAT) and procyanidin B2 (PB2), two main dietary polyphenols, protect the barrier function of intestinal cells undergoing inflammatory stress. The cell model adopted consisted of co-cultured Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells, while inflammatory conditions were mimicked through the incubation of epithelial cells with the conditioned medium of activated macrophages (MCM). The epithelial barrier function was monitored through trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and ROS production was assessed with dichlorofluorescein, while the expression of tight-junctional proteins and signal transduction pathways were evaluated with Western blot. The results indicated that MCM produced significant oxidative stress, the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways, a decrease in occludin and ZO-1 expression, and an increase in claudin-7 (CL-7) expression, while TEER was markedly lowered. Neither CAT nor PB2 prevented oxidative stress, transduction pathways activation, ZO-1 suppression, or TEER decrease. However, PB2 prevented the decrease in occludin expression and both polyphenols produced a huge increase in CL-7 abundance. It is concluded that, under the conditions adopted, CAT and PB2 do not prevent inflammation-dependent impairment of the epithelial barrier function of intestinal cell monolayers. However, the two compounds modify the expression of tight-junctional proteins and, in particular, markedly increase the expression of CL-7. These insights add to a better understanding of the potential biological activity of these major dietary flavan-3-ols at intestinal level.
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31
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Colombo R, Papetti A. Avocado (
Persea americana
Mill.) by‐products and their impact: from bioactive compounds to biomass energy and sorbent material for removing contaminants. A review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Colombo
- Department of Drug Sciences University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Adele Papetti
- Department of Drug Sciences University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
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32
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Gilbert MS, Ijssennagger N, Kies AK, van Mil SWC. Protein fermentation in the gut; implications for intestinal dysfunction in humans, pigs, and poultry. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G159-G170. [PMID: 29597354 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00319.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The amount of dietary protein is associated with intestinal disease in different vertebrate species. In humans, this is exemplified by the association between high-protein intake and fermentation metabolite concentrations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In production animals, dietary protein intake is associated with postweaning diarrhea in piglets and with the occurrence of wet litter in poultry. The underlying mechanisms by which dietary protein contributes to intestinal problems remain largely unknown. Fermentation of undigested protein in the hindgut results in formation of fermentation products including short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids, ammonia, phenolic and indolic compounds, biogenic amines, hydrogen sulfide, and nitric oxide. Here, we review the mechanisms by which these metabolites may cause intestinal disease. Studies addressing how different metabolites induce epithelial damage rely mainly on cell culture studies and occasionally on mice or rat models. Often, contrasting results were reported. The direct relevance of such studies for human, pig, and poultry gut health is therefore questionable and does not suffice for the development of interventions to improve gut health. We discuss a roadmap to improve our understanding of gut metabolites and microbial species associated with intestinal health in humans and production animals and to determine whether these metabolite/bacterial networks cause epithelial damage. The outcomes of these studies will dictate proof-of-principle studies to eliminate specific metabolites and or bacterial strains and will provide the basis for interventions aiming to improve gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe S Gilbert
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - Noortje Ijssennagger
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Arie K Kies
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen , The Netherlands.,DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Saskia W C van Mil
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
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33
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The crosstalk of gut microbiota and chronic kidney disease: role of inflammation, proteinuria, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:1453-1466. [PMID: 29728993 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been shown to result in profound changes in the composition and functions of the gut microbial flora which by disrupting intestinal epithelial barrier and generating toxic by-products contributes to systemic inflammation and the associated complications. On the other hand, emerging evidence points to the role of the gut microbiota in the development and progression of CKD by provoking inflammation, proteinuria, hypertension, and diabetes. These observations demonstrate the causal interconnection between the gut microbial dysbiosis and CKD. The gut microbiota closely interacts with the inflammatory, renal, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems via metabolic, humoral, and neural signaling pathways, events which can lead to chronic systemic inflammation, proteinuria, hypertension, diabetes, and kidney disease. Given the established role of the gut microbiota in the development and progression of CKD and its complications, favorable modification of the composition and function of the gut microbiome represents an appealing therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of CKD. This review provides an overview of the role of the gut microbial dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of the common causes of CKD including hypertension, diabetes, and proteinuria as well as progression of CKD.
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34
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Andriamihaja M, Lan A, Beaumont M, Grauso M, Gotteland M, Pastene E, Cires MJ, Carrasco-Pozo C, Tomé D, Blachier F. Proanthocyanidin-containing polyphenol extracts from fruits prevent the inhibitory effect of hydrogen sulfide on human colonocyte oxygen consumption. Amino Acids 2018; 50:755-763. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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Zhang YY, Li XL, Li TY, Li MY, Huang RM, Li W, Yang RL. 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, a major microbial metabolite of procyanidin A2, shows similar suppression of macrophage foam cell formation as its parent molecule. RSC Adv 2018; 8:6242-6250. [PMID: 35540422 PMCID: PMC9078275 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13729j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of procyanidin A2 (PCA2) and its major colonic metabolite 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (HPPA) on the suppression of macrophage foam cell formation, and underlying mechanism, were investigated for the first time. The results showed that 12.5 μg mL−1 PCA2 and HPPA significantly reduced cellular lipid accumulation and inhibited foam cell formation. HPPA promoted macrophage cholesterol efflux by up-regulating mRNA expressions of ABCA1 and SR-B1, while PCA2 significantly increased SR-B1 and LXR-α mRNA expression levels. Moreover, PCA2 and HPPA significantly lowered the elevated levels of CD36 mRNA expression in ox-LDL-treated macrophage cells. Besides these, the ox-LDL-induced cellular oxidative stress and inflammation was also restricted by PCA2 and HPPA treatment via nuclear factor kappa-B pathways. In conclusion, PCA2 and its major microbial metabolite, HPPA, inhibited the conversion of macrophage into foam cells via regulating cellular lipid metabolism and suppressing cellular oxidative stress and inflammation. PCA2 and its major microbial metabolite HPPA inhibited macrophage foam cell formation, which may be due to regulating ABCA1, SR-B1 and CD36 expression, and restricted cellular oxidative stress and inflammation via NF-κB pathway.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Xiao-Le Li
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Hainan University
- Haikou 570228
- China
| | - Tong-Yun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Mei-Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Ri-Ming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Wu Li
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Hainan University
- Haikou 570228
- China
| | - Rui-Li Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
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36
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Saotome Y, Imai M. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Apigenin from Parsley Leaves Pre-treated to Maximize Yield. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Saotome
- Department of Bioresource Utilization Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Masanao Imai
- Department of Bioresource Utilization Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
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37
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Comprehensive identification of bioactive compounds of avocado peel by liquid chromatography coupled to ultra-high-definition accurate-mass Q-TOF. Food Chem 2017; 245:707-716. [PMID: 29287430 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Industrially the avocado pulp is exploited principally as oil and paste, generating a huge quantity of peel and seed as by-products. Avocado peel is a promising inexpensive candidate for recovery phenolic compounds. The aim of this work was to identify the bioactive compounds present in an extract of avocado peel obtained by a green extraction technique. Accelerated solvent extraction was performed using water and ethanol as extraction solvents. Liquid chromatography coupled to ultra-high-definition accurate-mass spectrometry was used in order to identify the bioactive compounds. A total of sixty-one compounds belonging to eleven families were identified. Procyanidins, flavonols, hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids were the most common compounds. A sum of thirty-five compounds has been identified here for the first time in avocado peel. These results confirm the potential of avocado peel as a source of bioactive ingredients for its use in the food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical sector.
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38
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Figueroa JG, Borrás-Linares I, Lozano-Sánchez J, Segura-Carretero A. Comprehensive characterization of phenolic and other polar compounds in the seed and seed coat of avocado by HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS. Food Res Int 2017; 105:752-763. [PMID: 29433270 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Avocado seed and seed coat are important by-products from avocado industrialization, with important functional properties. The aim of the present study was to determine the phenolic profile and other polar compounds of avocado seed and seed coat using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and liquid chromatography coupled to Ultra-High-Definition Accurate-Mass Q-TOF. In this research 84 compounds were identified, within eight subclass group, among these 45 phenolic compounds were identified for first time in avocado seed. Condensed tannins, phenolic acids and flavonoids were the most representative groups in both samples. As far as we are concerned, this is the first time that avocado seed coat has been studied regarding its phenolic compounds using such a powerful instrumental technique. In addition, the radical-scavenging activities were analysed in order to estimate the antioxidant potential of extracts. These results point out that avocado seed and seed coat constitute a source of bioactive ingredients for its use in the food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Figueroa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park Avda. del Conocimiento nº 37, BioRegion Building, 18016 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, 11-01-608, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park Avda. del Conocimiento nº 37, BioRegion Building, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park Avda. del Conocimiento nº 37, BioRegion Building, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park Avda. del Conocimiento nº 37, BioRegion Building, 18016 Granada, Spain
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39
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Du H, Liu B, Wang X, Xu Y. Exploring the microbial origins of p-cresol and its co-occurrence pattern in the Chinese liquor-making process. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 260:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Dietary Protein and Amino Acid Supplementation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Course: What Impact on the Colonic Mucosa? Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030310. [PMID: 28335546 PMCID: PMC5372973 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), after disease onset, typically progress in two cyclically repeated phases, namely inflammatory flare and remission, with possible nutritional status impairment. Some evidence, either from epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies indicate that the quantity and the quality of dietary protein consumption and amino acid supplementation may differently influence the IBD course according to the disease phases. For instance, although the dietary protein needs for mucosal healing after an inflammatory episode remain undetermined, there is evidence that amino acids derived from dietary proteins display beneficial effects on this process, serving as building blocks for macromolecule synthesis in the wounded mucosal area, energy substrates, and/or precursors of bioactive metabolites. However, an excessive amount of dietary proteins may result in an increased intestinal production of potentially deleterious bacterial metabolites. This could possibly affect epithelial repair as several of these bacterial metabolites are known to inhibit colonic epithelial cell respiration, cell proliferation, and/or to affect barrier function. In this review, we present the available evidence about the impact of the amount of dietary proteins and supplementary amino acids on IBD onset and progression, with a focus on the effects reported in the colon.
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41
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Cires MJ, Wong X, Carrasco-Pozo C, Gotteland M. The Gastrointestinal Tract as a Key Target Organ for the Health-Promoting Effects of Dietary Proanthocyanidins. Front Nutr 2017; 3:57. [PMID: 28097121 PMCID: PMC5206694 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are polymers of flavan-3-ols abundant in many vegetable foods and beverages widely consumed in the human diet. There is increasing evidence supporting the beneficial impact of dietary PACs in the prevention and nutritional management of non-communicable chronic diseases. It is considered that PACs with a degree of polymerization >3 remain unabsorbed in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and accumulate in the colonic lumen. Accordingly, the GI tract may be considered as a key organ for the healthy-promoting effects of dietary PACs. PACs form non-specific complexes with salivary proteins in mouth, originating the sensation of astringency, and with dietary proteins, pancreatic enzymes, and nutrient transporters in the intestinal lumen, decreasing the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. They also exert antimicrobial activities, interfering with cariogenic or ulcerogenic pathogens in the mouth (Streptococcus mutans) and stomach (Helicobacter pylori), respectively. Through their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties, PACs decrease inflammatory processes in animal model of gastric and colonic inflammation. Interestingly, they exert prebiotic activities, stimulating the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. as well as some butyrate-producing bacteria in the colon. Finally, PACs are also metabolized by the gut microbiota, producing metabolites, mainly aromatic acids and valerolactones, which accumulate in the colon and/or are absorbed into the bloodstream. Accordingly, these compounds could display biological activities on the colonic epithelium or in extra-intestinal tissues and, therefore, contribute to part of the beneficial effects of dietary PACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Cires
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Ximena Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | | | - Martin Gotteland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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42
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Polyphenol extracts interfere with bacterial lipopolysaccharide in vitro and decrease postprandial endotoxemia in human volunteers. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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43
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Blumberg JB, Basu A, Krueger CG, Lila MA, Neto CC, Novotny JA, Reed JD, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Toner CD. Impact of Cranberries on Gut Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Health: Proceedings of the Cranberry Health Research Conference 2015. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:759S-70S. [PMID: 27422512 PMCID: PMC4942875 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cranberry research have expanded the evidence for the role of this Vaccinium berry fruit in modulating gut microbiota function and cardiometabolic risk factors. The A-type structure of cranberry proanthocyanidins seems to be responsible for much of this fruit's efficacy as a natural antimicrobial. Cranberry proanthocyanidins interfere with colonization of the gut by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in vitro and attenuate gut barrier dysfunction caused by dietary insults in vivo. Furthermore, new studies indicate synergy between these proanthocyanidins, other cranberry components such as isoprenoids and xyloglucans, and gut microbiota. Together, cranberry constituents and their bioactive catabolites have been found to contribute to mechanisms affecting bacterial adhesion, coaggregation, and biofilm formation that may underlie potential clinical benefits on gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections, as well as on systemic anti-inflammatory actions mediated via the gut microbiome. A limited but growing body of evidence from randomized clinical trials reveals favorable effects of cranberry consumption on measures of cardiometabolic health, including serum lipid profiles, blood pressure, endothelial function, glucoregulation, and a variety of biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. These results warrant further research, particularly studies dedicated to the elucidation of dose-response relations, pharmacokinetic/metabolomics profiles, and relevant biomarkers of action with the use of fully characterized cranberry products. Freeze-dried whole cranberry powder and a matched placebo were recently made available to investigators to facilitate such work, including interlaboratory comparability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA;
| | | | - Christian G Krueger
- Complete Phytochemical Solutions, LLC, Cambridge, WI; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - Janet A Novotny
- USDA Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD
| | - Jess D Reed
- Complete Phytochemical Solutions, LLC, Cambridge, WI; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - Cheryl D Toner
- The Cranberry Institute, Carver, MA; and CDT Consulting, LLC, Herndon, VA
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