1
|
Losso A, Dämon B, Hacke U, Mayr S. High potential for foliar water uptake in early stages of leaf development of three woody angiosperms. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13961. [PMID: 37341178 PMCID: PMC10953411 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Foliar water uptake (FWU) is a widespread mechanism that may help plants cope with drought stress in a wide range of ecosystems. FWU can be affected by various leaf traits, which change during leaf development. We exposed cut and dehydrated leaves to rainwater and measured FWU, changes in leaf water potential after 19 h of FWU (ΔΨ), minimum leaf conductance (gmin ), and leaf wettability (abaxial and adaxial) of leaves of Acer platanoides, Fagus sylvatica, and Sambucus nigra at three developmental stages: unfolding (2-5-day-old), young (1.5-week-old) and mature leaves (8-week-old). FWU and gmin were higher in younger leaves. ΔΨ corresponded to FWU and gmin in all cases but mature leaves of F. sylvatica, where ΔΨ was highest. Most leaves were highly wettable, and at least one leaf surface (adaxial or abaxial) showed a decrease in wettability from unfolding to mature leaves. Young leaves of all studied species showed FWU (unfolding leaves: 14.8 ± 1.1 μmol m-2 s-1 ), which may improve plant water status and thus counterbalance spring transpirational losses due to high gmin . The high wettability of young leaves probably supported FWU. We observed particularly high FWU and respective high ΔΨ in older leaves of F. sylvatica, possibly aided by trichomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Losso
- Department of BotanyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Birgit Dämon
- Department of BotanyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Uwe Hacke
- Department of Renewable ResourcesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Stefan Mayr
- Department of BotanyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sanchez-Bragado R, Molero G, Araus JL, Slafer GA. Awned versus awnless wheat spikes: does it matter? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:330-343. [PMID: 36494304 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Awnless and awned wheat is found across the globe. Archeological and historical records show that the wheat spike was predominantly awned across the many millennia following domestication. Thus, ancient farmers did not select against awns at least until the last millennium. Here, we describe the evolution and domestication of wheat awns, quantifying their role in spike photosynthesis and yield under contrasting environments. Awns increase grain weight directly (increasing the size of all grains) or indirectly (increasing the failure of distal grains), but not as a consequence of additional spike photosynthesis. However, a trade-off is produced through decreasing grain number. Thus, favorable effects of awns on yield are not consistently found across environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rut Sanchez-Bragado
- Secció de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona - AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gemma Molero
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico; Current affiliation: WS Momont Recherche, 59246 Mons-en-Pévèle, Hauts-de-France, France
| | - José L Araus
- Secció de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona - AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gustavo A Slafer
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida - AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Av. R. Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; ICREA, Catalonian Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hakeem S, Ali Z, Saddique MAB, Merrium S, Arslan M, Habib-Ur-Rahman M. Leaf wettability and leaf angle affect air-moisture deposition in wheat for self-irrigation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:115. [PMID: 36849909 PMCID: PMC9969695 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change and depleting water sources demand scarce natural water supplies like air moisture to be used as an irrigation water source. Wheat production is threatened by the climate variability and extremes climate events especially heat waves and drought. The present study focused to develop the wheat plant for self-irrigation through optimizing leaf architecture and surface properties for precise irrigation. METHODS Thirty-four genotypes were selected from 1796 genotypes with all combinations of leaf angle and leaf rolling. These genotypes were characterized for morpho-physiological traits and soil moisture content at stem-elongation and booting stages. Further, a core set of ten genotypes was evaluated for stem flow efficiency and leaf wettability. RESULTS Biplot, heat map, and correlation analysis indicated wide diversity and traits association. The environmental parameters indicated substantial amount of air moisture (> 60% relative humidity) at the critical wheat growth stages. Leaf angle showed negative association with leaf rolling, physiological and yield traits, adaxial and abaxial contact angle while leaf angle showed positive association with the stem flow water. The wettability and air moisture harvesting indicated that the genotypes (coded as 1, 7, and 18) having semi-erect to erect leaf angle, spiral rolling, and hydrophilic leaf surface (<90o) with contact angle hysteresis less than 10o had higher soil moisture content (6-8%) and moisture harvesting efficiency (3.5 ml). CONCLUSIONS These findings can provide the basis to develop self-irrigating, drought-tolerant wheat cultivars as an adaptation to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Hakeem
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Programs and Projects Department, Islamic Organization for Food Security, Mangilik Yel Ave. 55/21 AIFC, Unit 4, C4.2, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | | | - Sabah Merrium
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Agronomy, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He WX, Wang XW, Chu ZW, Ma XJ, Sun C, Zhang JY. CuO nanomesh hierarchical structure for directional water droplet transport and efficient fog collection. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
5
|
Merrium S, Ali Z, Habib-Ur-Rahman M, Hakeem S, Khalid MA. Leaf rolling and leaf angle improve fog capturing and transport in wheat; adaptation for drought stress in an arid climate. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2022; 63:13. [PMID: 35575940 PMCID: PMC9110575 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-022-00343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants use different mechanisms to transport the collected fog water. Leaf traits of wheat play an important role in directing fog water through leaf rolling and leaf angle into the root zone, where it can be stored for consumption. Wheat leaf traits can enhance fog capturing under drought stress. To examine this, 200 wheat genotypes were characterized for leaf rolling and leaf angle under optimal conditions in the field using a randomized complete block design. Seven different phenotypic combinations for leaf traits were observed. A core set of 44 genotypes was evaluated under drought stress. RESULTS Results show that variability for leaf traits existed among genotypes. An association was found between leaf rolling and leaf angle, moisture capturing, physiological parameters, and yield contributing traits using correlation. Physiological parameters, especially water use efficiency, were positively correlated with grain yield and moisture capturing at both growth stages. The genotypes (G11 at tillering and G24 at booting phonological phases) with inward to twisting type rolling and erect to semi-erect leaf angle capture more water (12-20%) within the root zone. Twenty-one genotypes were selected based on moisture capturing efficiency and evaluated for leaf surface wettability. Association was found between fog capturing and wettability. This shows that it was due to the leaf repellency validated from static contact angle measurements. CONCLUSION These results will give insights into fog capturing and the development of drought-tolerant crops in the semi-arid and arid regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Merrium
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sadia Hakeem
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan Khalid
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yue H, Zeng Q, Huang J, Guo Z, Liu W. Fog collection behavior of bionic surface and large fog collector: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 300:102583. [PMID: 34954474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Water shortages are currently becoming more and more serious due to complicated factors such as the development of the economy, environmental pollution, and climate deterioration. And it is the best solution to the problems faced by people in today's world to investigate the bionic structure of nature and explore effective methods for fog collection. Herein, we've illustrated the bionic structures of the Namib desert beetle, cactus spines, and spider silk, and we imitate and further modify the respective bionic structures, as well as construct multifunctional bionic structures to improve fog collection. In addition, we also expound the fog collection behavior of a large fog collector, and an excellent fog capture effect was achieved through studying the mesh structure, the surface modification of the mesh, and the construction of the fog collector. The advantages and limitations of fog collection by a harp fog collector were also explored. We hope that through this review, relevant researchers can have a deeper understanding of this field and thus promote the development of fog collection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yue
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Zeng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lv F, Zhao F, Cheng D, Dong Z, Jia H, Xiao X, Orejon D. Bioinspired functional SLIPSs and wettability gradient surfaces and their synergistic cooperation and opportunities for enhanced condensate and fluid transport. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 299:102564. [PMID: 34861513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired smart functional surfaces have received increasing attention in recent years owed to their tunable wettability and enhanced droplet transport suggesting them as excellent candidates for industrial and nanotechnology-related applications. More specifically, bioinspired slippery lubricant infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) have been proposed for their low adhesion enabling continuous dropwise condensation (DWC) even of low-surface tension fluids. In addition, functional surfaces with chemical and/or structural wettability gradients have also been exploited empowering spontaneous droplet transport in a controlled manner. Current research has focused on the better understanding of the mechanisms and intimate interactions taking place between liquid droplets and functional surfaces or on the forces imposed by differences in surface wettability and/or by Laplace pressure owed to chemical or structural gradients. Nonetheless, less attention has been paid to the synergistic cooperation of efficiently driving droplet transport via chemical and/or structural patterns/gradients on a low surface energy/adhesion background imposed by SLIPSs, with the consequent promising potential for microfluidics and condensation heat transfer applications amongst others. This review provides a detailed and timely overview and summary on recent advances and developments on bioinspired SLIPSs and on wettability gradient surfaces with focus on their synergistic cooperation for condensation and fluid transport related applications. Firstly, the fundamental theory and mechanisms governing complex droplet transport on homogeneous, on wettability gradient surfaces and on inclined SLIPSs are introduced. Secondly, recent advances on the fabrication and characterization of SLIPSs and functional surfaces are presented. Then, the condensation performance on such functional surfaces comprising chemical or structural wettability gradients is reviewed and their applications on condensation heat transfer are summarized. Last a summary outlook highlighting the opportunities and challenges on the synergistic cooperation of SLIPSs and wettability gradient surfaces for heat transfer as well as future perspective in modern applications are presented.
Collapse
|
8
|
An Q, Wang J, Zhao F, Li P, Wang L. Unidirectional water transport on a two-dimensional hydrophilic channel with anisotropic superhydrophobic barriers. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8153-8159. [PMID: 34525158 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00697e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many creatures have a unique anisotropic structure and special wettability on their skins, presenting intriguing water transporting properties. Inspired by the biosphere, a two-dimensional titanium dioxide-based hydrophilic channel possessing anisotropic superhydrophobic barriers was synthesized. This channel demonstrates unidirectional water transporting properties. When water is injected into the channel, fluid tends to spread in a specific direction. An asymmetric spreading resistance is generated by the different interaction modes between the liquid and superhydrophobic barriers. The superhydrophobic barriers are designed as two main styles: line and curve. As for line barriers, the included angle between barrier and horizontal is the key parameter for the unidirectional water transporting ability whereas, for curve barriers, the radius is an important variable. The best design scheme for unidirectional water transporting properties could be found by varying the parameters of these two types of barriers in the channel. Overall, this study is expected to have a significant implication in the water transporting field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qier An
- School of Aviation, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, 49 Aimin Street, Xincheng District, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
| | - Jinshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Education Ministry of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Zhao
- Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou 571126, China
| | - Peiliu Li
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Applied Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yamada Y, Sakata E, Isobe K, Horibe A. Wettability Difference Induced Out-of-Plane Unidirectional Droplet Transport for Efficient Fog Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35079-35085. [PMID: 34258994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Securing freshwater resources is a global issue for ensuring sustainable development. Fog harvesting is attracting great attention as a method to collect water without any energy input. Previous reports that were inspired by insects and plants have given insights such as the effectiveness of in-plane wettability and structural differences for droplet transport, which might enhance artificial water harvesting efficiency. However, further efforts to transfer droplets while maintaining performance are needed because droplet motion owing to these effects is limited to the in-plane direction. In this study, we report droplet transport between three-dimensional copper wire structures with nanostructured hydrophobic and superhydrophilic features. This mechanism enhanced the fog harvesting capability by more than 20% compared with the cumulative value of individual wires. In addition, the relationship between the droplet height and spacing of wires affected the performance. Our results show the importance of out-of-plane directional droplet transport from the wire surface assisted by differences in wire wettability, which minimizes limiting factors of fog harvesting including clogging and droplet shedding. Furthermore, the proposed arrangement reduces the overall system width compared with that of a two-dimensional arrangement while maintaining the amount of harvested water. These results provide a promising approach to designing large-scale and highly efficient fog harvesters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yamada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuma Isobe
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akihiko Horibe
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hakeem S, Ali Z, Saddique MAB, Habib-Ur-Rahman M, Trethowan R. Leaf prickle hairs and longitudinal grooves help wheat plants capture air moisture as a water-smart strategy for a changing climate. PLANTA 2021; 254:18. [PMID: 34196834 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03645-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The leaf features like trichome density, gradient grooves, and leaf wettability determine the efficiency to capture air moisture for self-irrigation in the wheat plant. Plants in water-scarce environments evolved to capture air moisture for their water needs either directly or indirectly. Structural features like cones, hairs, and grooves assist water capture. The morphology of crops such as wheat can promote self-irrigation under drought. To examine this further, 34 wheat genotypes were characterized for leaf traits in near optimal conditions in the field using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. An association was found between morphological and physiological traits and yield using simple correlation plots. A core set of nine genotypes was subsequently evaluated for moisture harvesting ability and leaf wettability. Results showed that variation among genotypes exists for fog harvesting ability attributed to structural leaf features. Physiological traits, especially photosynthesis and water use efficiency, were positively associated with yield, negatively correlated with soil moisture at booting, and positively correlated with soil moisture at anthesis. The genotypes with deep to medium leaf grooves and dense hairs on the edges and adaxial surfaces (genotypes 7 and 18) captured the most moisture. This was a function of higher water drop rolling efficiency resulting from lower contact angle hysteresis. These results can be exploited to develop more heat and drought-tolerant crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Hakeem
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.
| | | | - Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman
- Department of Agronomy, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Richard Trethowan
- Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Park J, Lee C, Lee S, Cho H, Moon MW, Kim SJ. Clogged water bridges for fog harvesting. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:136-144. [PMID: 33155611 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Capillary water bridges clogged in the holes of mesh-type fog harvesters have previously been considered only as a drawback because they decrease fog-harvesting yield by hindering airflow in front of the clogged mesh in the usual wind conditions. In this study, we show that the role of a clogged water bridge may not be entirely negative and can contribute to increased fog harvesting by increasing the effective shade coefficient in a special condition with high fog inertia. As the fog speed close to the mesh or the plate increases, clogged mesh as well as the impermeable solid plate are found to produce high fog-harvesting efficiency owing to the high inertia of fog particles that impact the blocked wall. For fast fog speeds (∼4 m s-1) near the mesh, our results show that the fog-harvesting efficiency is proportional to the effective shade coefficient because fog flow circumventing the mesh is limited owing to high fog inertia. We analyzed the clogging effect on fog-harvesting performance by distinguishing between self-clogging and non-self-clogging patterns based on the water bridge stability clogged in mesh holes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Park
- Materials and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
An Q, Wang J, Zhao F, Wang L. Fog collection on a superhydrophobic/hydrophilic composite spine surface. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9318-9323. [PMID: 35497217 PMCID: PMC9050068 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The fog collection phenomenon on the superhydrophobic/hydrophilic composite spine structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qier An
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Education Ministry of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- P. R. China
| | - Jinshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Education Ministry of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Solar Energy Engineering
- Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology
- Haikou 571126
- China
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sharma V, Yiannacou K, Karjalainen M, Lahtonen K, Valden M, Sariola V. Large-scale efficient water harvesting using bioinspired micro-patterned copper oxide nanoneedle surfaces and guided droplet transport. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:4025-4040. [PMID: 36132092 PMCID: PMC9418429 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00405j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As the Earth's atmosphere contains an abundant amount of water as vapors, a device which can capture a fraction of this water could be a cost-effective and practical way of solving the water crisis. There are many biological surfaces found in nature which display unique wettability due to the presence of hierarchical micro-nanostructures and play a major role in water deposition. Inspired by these biological microstructures, we present a large scale, facile and cost-effective method to fabricate water-harvesting functional surfaces consisting of high-density copper oxide nanoneedles. A controlled chemical oxidation approach on copper surfaces was employed to fabricate nanoneedles with controlled morphology, assisted by bisulfate ion adsorption on the surface. The fabricated surfaces with nanoneedles displayed high wettability and excellent fog harvesting capability. Furthermore, when the fabricated nanoneedles were subjected to hydrophobic coating, these were able to rapidly generate and shed coalesced droplets leading to further increase in fog harvesting efficiency. Overall, ∼99% and ∼150% increase in fog harvesting efficiency was achieved with non-coated and hydrophobic layer coated copper oxide nanoneedle surfaces respectively when compared to the control surfaces. As the transport of the harvested water is very important in any fog collection system, hydrophilic channels inspired by leaf veins were made on the surfaces via a milling technique which allowed an effective and sustainable way to transport the captured water and further enhanced the water collection efficiency by ∼9%. The system presented in this study can provide valuable insights towards the design and fabrication of fog harvesting systems, adaptable to arid or semi-arid environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Korkeakoulunkatu 3 33720 Tampere Finland
| | - Kyriacos Yiannacou
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Korkeakoulunkatu 3 33720 Tampere Finland
| | - Markus Karjalainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Korkeakoulunkatu 3 33720 Tampere Finland
| | - Kimmo Lahtonen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University P.O. Box 692 FI-33014 Finland
| | - Mika Valden
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University P.O. Box 692 FI-33014 Finland
| | - Veikko Sariola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Korkeakoulunkatu 3 33720 Tampere Finland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ang BTW, Zhang J, Lin GJ, Wang H, Lee WSV, Xue J. Enhancing Water Harvesting through the Cascading Effect. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:27464-27469. [PMID: 31268656 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting water from high humidity conditions is an attractive strategy toward strengthening water security due to its cost-effective and zero-energy mechanism. To facilitate this process, bio-inspired microstructures with heightened water accumulating ability are typically affixed onto atmospheric water harvesters. However, because of this surface morphology type harvester design, there is an inherent partition of regions with different water accumulating abilities: the active water harvesting region (AWHR) and passive water harvesting region (PWHR). Most of the water harvested by such water harvesters is usually attributed to the AWHR, while a large amount of uncollected water is present in the PWHR as numerous small water droplets that are prone to re-evaporation. This lack of PWHR utilization may be considered as the Achilles' heel toward optimal water harvesting. Hence, in this work, a cascading effect was proposed with a microstructure design to induce water harvesting from both AWHR and PWHR. The "clearing" of PWHR columns was demonstrated via a cascading effect, contributing to ca. 3 times more water harvested as compared to the unmodified water harvester. The successful demonstration of this cascading effect highlights the necessity of considering PWHR in the future water harvester designs so as to achieve efficient water harvesting.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li J, Li J, Sun J, Feng S, Wang Z. Biological and Engineered Topological Droplet Rectifiers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806501. [PMID: 30697833 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The power of the directional and spontaneous transport of liquid droplets is revealed through ubiquitous biological processes and numerous practical applications, where droplets are rectified to achieve preferential functions. Despite extensive progress, the fundamental understanding and the ability to exploit new strategies to rectify droplet transport remain elusive. Here, the latest progress in the fundamental understanding as well as the development of engineered droplet rectifiers that impart superior performance in a wide variety of working conditions, ranging from low temperature, ambient temperature, to high temperature, is discussed. For the first time, a phase diagram is formulated that naturally connects the droplet dynamics, including droplet formation modes, length scales, and phase states, with environmental conditions. Parallel approaches are then taken to discuss the basic physical mechanisms underlying biological droplet rectifiers, and a variety of strategies and manufacturing routes for the development of robust artificial droplet rectifiers. Finally, perspectives on how to create novel man-made rectifiers with functionalities beyond natural counterparts are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jiaqian Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shile Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Szewczyk PK, Ura DP, Metwally S, Knapczyk-Korczak J, Gajek M, Marzec MM, Bernasik A, Stachewicz U. Roughness and Fiber Fraction Dominated Wetting of Electrospun Fiber-Based Porous Meshes. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 11:E34. [PMID: 30960018 PMCID: PMC6401689 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wettability of electrospun fibers is one of the key parameters in the biomedical and filtration industry. Within this comprehensive study of contact angles on three-dimensional (3D) meshes made of electrospun fibers and films, from seven types of polymers, we clearly indicated the importance of roughness analysis. Surface chemistry was analyzed with X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) and it showed no significant difference between fibers and films, confirming that the hydrophobic properties of the surfaces can be enhanced by just roughness without any chemical treatment. The surface geometry was determining factor in wetting contact angle analysis on electrospun meshes. We noted that it was very important how the geometry of electrospun surfaces was validated. The commonly used fiber diameter was not necessarily a convincing parameter unless it was correlated with the surface roughness or fraction of fibers or pores. Importantly, this study provides the guidelines to verify the surface free energy decrease with the fiber fraction for the meshes, to validate the changes in wetting contact angles. Eventually, the analysis suggested that meshes could maintain the entrapped air between fibers, decreasing surface free energies for polymers, which increased the contact angle for liquids with surface tension above the critical Wenzel level to maintain the Cassie-Baxter regime for hydrophobic surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr K Szewczyk
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Daniel P Ura
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Sara Metwally
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Knapczyk-Korczak
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marcin Gajek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Mateusz M Marzec
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Bernasik
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen D, Li J, Zhao J, Guo J, Zhang S, Sherazi TA, Ambreen, Li S. Bioinspired superhydrophilic-hydrophobic integrated surface with conical pattern-shape for self-driven fog collection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 530:274-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
18
|
Sartori P, Bonato L, Delfitto G, Pierno M, Mistura G, Semprebon C, Brinkmann M. Morphological Transitions of Water Channels Induced by Vertical Vibrations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12882-12888. [PMID: 30286294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of comprehensive experiments and numerical calculations of interfacial morphologies of water confined to the hydrophilic top face of rectangular posts subjected to vertical vibrations. In response to mechanical driving, an initially flat liquid channel is collected into a liquid bulge that forms in the center of the rectangular post if the acceleration exceeds a certain threshold. The bulge morphology persists after the driving is switched off, in agreement with the morphological bistability of static interfacial shapes on posts with large length-to-width ratios. In a narrow frequency band, the channel does not decay into a bulge at any acceleration amplitude, but displays irregular capillary waves and sloshing instead. On short posts, however, a liquid bulge can be dynamically sustained through vertical vibrations but quickly decays into a homogeneous channel after the external driving is stopped. To explain the dynamic bulging of the liquid interface, we propose an effective lifting force pulling on the drop's slowly moving center of mass in the presence of fast oscillation modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Sartori
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei" , Università di Padova , Via Marzolo 8 , I-35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Luca Bonato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei" , Università di Padova , Via Marzolo 8 , I-35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Giorgio Delfitto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei" , Università di Padova , Via Marzolo 8 , I-35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Matteo Pierno
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei" , Università di Padova , Via Marzolo 8 , I-35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Giampaolo Mistura
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei" , Università di Padova , Via Marzolo 8 , I-35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Ciro Semprebon
- Department of Physics , Durham University , DH1 3LE Durham , U.K
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Geometry of Fluid Interfaces Group, Experimental Physics , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dhar P. Thermofluidic Transport in Droplets under Electromagnetic Stimulus: A Comprehensive Review. J Indian Inst Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-018-0088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
20
|
Comanns P. Passive water collection with the integument: mechanisms and their biomimetic potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:221/10/jeb153130. [PMID: 29789349 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.153130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several mechanisms of water acquisition have evolved in animals living in arid habitats to cope with limited water supply. They enable access to water sources such as rain, dew, thermally facilitated condensation on the skin, fog, or moisture from a damp substrate. This Review describes how a significant number of animals - in excess of 39 species from 24 genera - have acquired the ability to passively collect water with their integument. This ability results from chemical and structural properties of the integument, which, in each species, facilitate one or more of six basic mechanisms: increased surface wettability, increased spreading area, transport of water over relatively large distances, accumulation and storage of collected water, condensation, and utilization of gravity. Details are described for each basic mechanism. The potential for bio-inspired improvement of technical applications has been demonstrated in many cases, in particular for several wetting phenomena, fog collection and passive, directional transport of liquids. Also considered here are potential applications in the fields of water supply, lubrication, heat exchangers, microfluidics and hygiene products. These present opportunities for innovations, not only in product functionality, but also for fabrication processes, where resources and environmental impact can be reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Comanns
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Biology II (Zoology), Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gürsoy M, Harris M, Downing J, Barrientos-Palomo S, Carletto A, Yaprak A, Karaman M, Badyal J. Bioinspired fog capture and channel mechanism based on the arid climate plant Salsola crassa. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
22
|
Gürsoy M, Harris M, Carletto A, Yaprak A, Karaman M, Badyal J. Bioinspired asymmetric-anisotropic (directional) fog harvesting based on the arid climate plant Eremopyrum orientale. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Luo C, Wang X. Conditions for Barrel and Clam-Shell Liquid Drops to Move on Bio-inspired Conical Wires. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9717. [PMID: 28852102 PMCID: PMC5575085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that, in a foggy environment, water drops with either barrel or clam-shell shapes are capable of self-running on conical wire-like structures, such as cactus spines, spider silk, and water striders’ legs. On the other hand, the corresponding moving mechanisms are still not quite understood. For instance, it is unclear under what conditions clam-shell drops would move from the tip towards the root on a conical wire. In this work, based on the balance of forces, we derive conditions for a drop to self-transport towards or away from the root. We find that, although barrel and clam-shell drops have different shapes, these conditions are applicable to both of them, which thus provide good guidelines for developing artificial fog collectors. Furthermore, based on the derived conditions, we interpret drop movements on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic wires, with the support of experimental results on cactus spines. Finally, our results indicate that not all the cacti are able to harvest water from fog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington 500 West First Street, Woolf Hall 226, Arlington, TX, 76019, United States of America.
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington 500 West First Street, Woolf Hall 226, Arlington, TX, 76019, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Azad MAK, Krause T, Danter L, Baars A, Koch K, Barthlott W. Fog Collection on Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Fibers: Influence of Cross Section and Surface Structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:5555-5564. [PMID: 28260383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fog-collecting meshes show a great potential in ensuring the availability of a supply of sustainable freshwater in certain arid regions. In most cases, the meshes are made of hydrophilic smooth fibers. Based on the study of plant surfaces, we analyzed the fog collection using various polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers with different cross sections and surface structures with the aim of developing optimized biomimetic fog collectors. Water droplet movement and the onset of dripping from fiber samples were compared. Fibers with round, oval, and rectangular cross sections with round edges showed higher fog-collection performance than those with other cross sections. However, other parameters, for example, width, surface structure, wettability, and so forth, also influenced the performance. The directional delivery of the collected fog droplets by wavy/v-shaped microgrooves on the surface of the fibers enhances the formation of a water film and their fog collection. A numerical simulation of the water droplet spreading behavior strongly supports these findings. Therefore, our study suggests the use of fibers with a round cross section, a microgrooved surface, and an optimized width for an efficient fog collection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A K Azad
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University , 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Krause
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University , 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Westphalian University of Applied Sciences , 46397 Bocholt, Germany
| | - Leon Danter
- Department of Biomimetics, Faculty of Nature and Technique, Bremen University of Applied Sciences , 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Albert Baars
- Department of Biomimetics, Faculty of Nature and Technique, Bremen University of Applied Sciences , 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Koch
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences , 47533 Kleve, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Barthlott
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University , 53115 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Barthlott W, Mail M, Bhushan B, Koch K. Plant Surfaces: Structures and Functions for Biomimetic Innovations. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2017; 9:23. [PMID: 30464998 PMCID: PMC6223843 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-016-0125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An overview of plant surface structures and their evolution is presented. It combines surface chemistry and architecture with their functions and refers to possible biomimetic applications. Within some 3.5 billion years biological species evolved highly complex multifunctional surfaces for interacting with their environments: some 10 million living prototypes (i.e., estimated number of existing plants and animals) for engineers. The complexity of the hierarchical structures and their functionality in biological organisms surpasses all abiotic natural surfaces: even superhydrophobicity is restricted in nature to living organisms and was probably a key evolutionary step with the invasion of terrestrial habitats some 350-450 million years ago in plants and insects. Special attention should be paid to the fact that global environmental change implies a dramatic loss of species and with it the biological role models. Plants, the dominating group of organisms on our planet, are sessile organisms with large multifunctional surfaces and thus exhibit particular intriguing features. Superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity are focal points in this work. We estimate that superhydrophobic plant leaves (e.g., grasses) comprise in total an area of around 250 million km2, which is about 50% of the total surface of our planet. A survey of structures and functions based on own examinations of almost 20,000 species is provided, for further references we refer to Barthlott et al. (Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 374: 20160191, 1). A basic difference exists between aquatic non-vascular and land-living vascular plants; the latter exhibit a particular intriguing surface chemistry and architecture. The diversity of features is described in detail according to their hierarchical structural order. The first underlying and essential feature is the polymer cuticle superimposed by epicuticular wax and the curvature of single cells up to complex multicellular structures. A descriptive terminology for this diversity is provided. Simplified, the functions of plant surface characteristics may be grouped into six categories: (1) mechanical properties, (2) influence on reflection and absorption of spectral radiation, (3) reduction of water loss or increase of water uptake, moisture harvesting, (4) adhesion and non-adhesion (lotus effect, insect trapping), (5) drag and turbulence increase, or (6) air retention under water for drag reduction or gas exchange (Salvinia effect). This list is far from complete. A short overview of the history of bionics and the impressive spectrum of existing and anticipated biomimetic applications are provided. The major challenge for engineers and materials scientists, the durability of the fragile nanocoatings, is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Barthlott
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Mail
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) – Horticultural Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 6, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics, The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142 USA
| | - Kerstin Koch
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Marie Curie-Straße 1, 47533 Kleve, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Barthlott W, Mail M, Bhushan B, Koch K. Plant Surfaces: Structures and Functions for Biomimetic Applications. SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-54357-3_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
|
27
|
Rajaram M, Heng X, Oza M, Luo C. Enhancement of fog-collection efficiency of a Raschel mesh using surface coatings and local geometric changes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
28
|
Rykaczewski K, Jordan JS, Linder R, Woods ET, Sun X, Kemme N, Manning KC, Cherry BR, Yarger JL, Majure LC. Microscale Mechanism of Age Dependent Wetting Properties of Prickly Pear Cacti (Opuntia). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9335-9341. [PMID: 27537082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cacti thrive in xeric environments through specialized water storage and collection tactics such as a shallow, widespread root system that maximizes rainwater absorption and spines adapted for fog droplet collection. However, in many cacti, the epidermis, not the spines, dominates the exterior surface area. Yet, little attention has been dedicated to studying interactions of the cactus epidermis with water drops. Surprisingly, the epidermis of plants in the genus Opuntia, also known as prickly pear cacti, has water-repelling characteristics. In this work, we report that surface properties of cladodes of 25 taxa of Opuntia grown in an arid Sonoran climate switch from water-repelling to superwetting under water impact over the span of a single season. We show that the old cladode surfaces are not superhydrophilic, but have nearly vanishing receding contact angle. We study water drop interactions with, as well as nano/microscale topology and chemistry of, the new and old cladodes of two Opuntia species and use this information to uncover the microscopic mechanism underlying this phenomenon. We demonstrate that composition of extracted wax and its contact angle do not change significantly with time. Instead, we show that the reported age dependent wetting behavior primarily stems from pinning of the receding contact line along multilayer surface microcracks in the epicuticular wax that expose the underlying highly hydrophilic layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Rykaczewski
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Jacob S Jordan
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Rubin Linder
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Erik T Woods
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Xiaoda Sun
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Nicholas Kemme
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Kenneth C Manning
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Brian R Cherry
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Jeffery L Yarger
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Lucas C Majure
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden , Phoenix, Arizona 85008, United States
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-4701, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zeiger C, Rodrigues da Silva IC, Mail M, Kavalenka MN, Barthlott W, Hölscher H. Microstructures of superhydrophobic plant leaves - inspiration for efficient oil spill cleanup materials. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2016; 11:056003. [PMID: 27529805 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/11/5/056003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The cleanup of accidental oil spills in water is an enormous challenge; conventional oil sorbents absorb large amounts of water in addition to oil and other cleanup methods can cause secondary pollution. In contrast, fresh leaves of the aquatic ferns Salvinia are superhydrophobic and superoleophilic, and can selectively absorb oil while repelling water. These selective wetting properties are optimal for natural oil absorbent applications and bioinspired oil sorbent materials. In this paper we quantify the oil absorption capacity of four Salvinia species with different surface structures, water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and Lotus leaves (Nelumbo nucifera), and compare their absorption capacity to artificial oil sorbents. Interestingly, the oil absorption capacities of Salvinia molesta and Pistia stratiotes leaves are comparable to artificial oil sorbents. Therefore, these pantropical invasive plants, often considered pests, qualify as environmentally friendly materials for oil spill cleanup. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of oil density and viscosity on the oil absorption, and examine how the presence and morphology of trichomes affect the amount of oil absorbed by their surfaces. Specifically, the influence of hair length and shape is analyzed by comparing different hair types ranging from single trichomes of Salvinia cucullata to complex eggbeater-shaped trichomes of Salvinia molesta to establish a basis for improving artificial bioinspired oil absorbents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zeiger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Brown PS, Bhushan B. Bioinspired materials for water supply and management: water collection, water purification and separation of water from oil. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:rsta.2016.0135. [PMID: 27354732 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Access to a safe supply of water is a human right. However, with growing populations, global warming and contamination due to human activity, it is one that is increasingly under threat. It is hoped that nature can inspire the creation of materials to aid in the supply and management of water, from water collection and purification to water source clean-up and rehabilitation from oil contamination. Many species thrive in even the driest places, with some surviving on water harvested from fog. By studying these species, new materials can be developed to provide a source of fresh water from fog for communities across the globe. The vast majority of water on the Earth is in the oceans. However, current desalination processes are energy-intensive. Systems in our own bodies have evolved to transport water efficiently while blocking other molecules and ions. Inspiration can be taken from such to improve the efficiency of desalination and help purify water containing other contaminants. Finally, oil contamination of water from spills or the fracking technique can be a devastating environmental disaster. By studying how natural surfaces interact with liquids, new techniques can be developed to clean up oil spills and further protect our most precious resource.This article is part of the themed issue 'Bioinspired hierarchically structured surfaces for green science'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip S Brown
- Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- and Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- and Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ji K, Zhang J, Chen J, Meng G, Ding Y, Dai Z. Centrifugation-Assisted Fog-Collecting Abilities of Metal-Foam Structures with Different Surface Wettabilities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10005-10013. [PMID: 27065476 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The collection of water from fog is a simple and sustainable means of obtaining freshwater for human and animal consumption. Herein, we address the use of metal foam in fog collection and present a novel fog-collecting device fabricated from copper foam. This device, which can also be used in other liquid-gas separation applications, is a 3D extension of biologically inspired 1D and 2D materials. The network structure of the 3D material effectively increased the contact area and interaction time of the skeleton structure and fog compared to those of traditional 2D fog-collecting materials. The main aspects investigated in this study were the influences of the inertial centrifugal force generated by rotating the metal-foam samples and the use of samples with different surface wettabilities on the fog-collecting performance. Superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic samples were found to have higher collection efficiencies at low and high rotational speeds, respectively, and a maximum efficiency of 86% was achieved for superhydrophobic copper foam (20 pores per inch) rotated at 1500 rpm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keju Ji
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing, 210016 China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing, 210016 China
| | - Jia Chen
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing, 210016 China
| | - Guiyun Meng
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing, 210016 China
| | - Yafei Ding
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing, 210016 China
| | - Zhendong Dai
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing, 210016 China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhu H, Guo Z. Hybrid engineered materials with high water-collecting efficiency inspired by Namib Desert beetles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6809-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01894g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid superhydrophobic material was successfully fabricated inspired by the Namib Desert beetle, which showed the efficient fog capture with a water collection rate of 1309.9 mg h−1 cm−2. And the sample possessed favorable robustness and self-cleaning property.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
| |
Collapse
|