1
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Kim SG, Park SH, Jeong S, Song G, Oh SS, Yi GR. Scalable production of uniform gene-loaded lipid nanoparticles via a fluidity-controlled membrane extrusion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2025; 687:74-84. [PMID: 39946970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2025.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2025] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulating genetic material can be produced on a large scale using the bulk-mixing method. However, this approach often lacks precise control over particle size and cargo loading, limiting its efficiency in gene delivery. We have developed a membrane extrusion process that enables large-scale production of LNPs with a narrow size distribution. Initially, an ethanolic lipid solution is mixed with an aqueous buffer containing nucleic acids, forming a pre-mix of swollen LNPs. These soft, swollen LNPs are then extruded through a polycarbonate filter membrane, producing uniform LNPs, in which the ethanol concentration and extrusion pH are adjusted for LNP fluidity. Subsequent addition of citrate buffer (pH 4) enhances encapsulation efficiency by reassembling the dissociated mRNA and lipids during the extrusion process. Finally, the LNP solution is adjusted to physiological pH through buffer exchange. Optimizing the extrusion parameters allowed us to achieve highly uniform 100 nm LNPs with over 80 % encapsulation efficiency for mRNA, siRNA, and DNA. This work provides valuable insights into LNP formation, highlights critical formulation parameters, and demonstrates the potential for large-scale, controlled LNP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Gyeom Kim
- Division of Interdisciplinary Bioscience & Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 36763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 36763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seolyeong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 36763, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonho Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 36763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Oh
- Division of Interdisciplinary Bioscience & Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 36763, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 36763, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 36763, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ra Yi
- Division of Interdisciplinary Bioscience & Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 36763, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 36763, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Chu PC, Birhan YS, Zhao MH, Syu WJ, Chen PY, Lin YT, Lai PS. Size-controlled immunomodulatory and vaccine adjuvant potentials of self-assembled hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: Activation and recruitment of immune cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 314:144265. [PMID: 40381765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2025] [Accepted: 05/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has paramount importance in treating chronic immune diseases, and vaccine development. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been shown to elicit molecular weight-related distinct immune responses. Nonetheless, the particle size-dependent immunomodulatory effects of hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (HA-NPs) remain blurred. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the effect of polymer configuration and particle size of HA-NPs assembled from HA36K-ODA and HA360k-ODA analogs in modulating macrophage-related immune activities. In the in vitro experiments, HA-NPs of HA36k-ODA analogs garnered significantly enhanced nitrite production with low interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) secretion in macrophages. Furthermore, smaller (< 200 nm) HA36k-ODA NPs activated CD11b+ cells whereas a ∼ 130 nm HA36k-ODA15 NPs preferentially induced CD11c+ cells in vivo, indicating the influence of particle size on the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) recruitment. Interestingly, self-assembled HA36k-ODA15 NPs without ovalbumin (OVA) activated immature dendritic cells (DCs) and augmented their migration toward the lymph nodes (LNs). Notably, HA36k-ODA15-activated macrophages behaved like M1 phenotype macrophages. Overall, our findings garnered valuable insights about the design and application of HA-NPs for modulating the immune responses in nanoscale materials-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Cheng Chu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Basic Research and Development Department, Powin Biomedical Co. Ltd., Taichung 428, Taiwan
| | - Yihenew Simegniew Birhan
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Min-Han Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jhe Syu
- Basic Research and Development Department, Powin Biomedical Co. Ltd., Taichung 428, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Yu-Tsen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Shan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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3
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G P, Singh M, Gupta PK, Shukla R. Synergy of Microfluidics and Nanomaterials: A Revolutionary Approach for Cancer Management. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2025; 8:2716-2734. [PMID: 40100776 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.5c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
Cancer affects millions of individuals every year and is the second most common cause of death. Various therapeutic strategies are explored for the management of cancer including radiation therapy and chemotherapy with or without surgical procedures. However, the drawbacks like poor cancer cell targeting and higher toxicity for healthy cells need the advancement of the therapeutic strategy. The exploration of nanomedicine achieves targeted distribution, and the adoption of microfluidics technology for the preparation of the nanoparticulate system has enhanced the efficacy and uniformity of the nanocarriers. The overview of the existing designs of the microfluidics device assisted in the preparation of the nanoparticles, and various nanodelivery systems formulated using the microfluidic device including liposomes, lipidic nanocarriers, quantum dots, polymeric nanoparticles, and metallic nanocarriers are discussed in this review. Further, the challenges associated with the fabrication of the microfluidics device and the fabrication of microfluidics device-based nanoparticles are detailed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramoda G
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
| | - Mansi Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Development of Biomaterials and Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Bio-Science and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
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4
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Fisher BM, Cevaal PM, Roche M, Lewin SR. HIV Tat as a latency reversing agent: turning the tables on viral persistence. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1571151. [PMID: 40292298 PMCID: PMC12021871 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1571151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
The 'shock and kill' approach to an HIV cure involves the use of latency reversing agents (LRAs) to reactivate latent HIV, with the aim to induce death of infected cells through virus induced cytolysis or immune mediated clearance. Most LRAs tested to date have been unable to overcome the blocks to transcription elongation and splicing that persist in resting CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, most LRAs target host factors and therefore have associated toxicities. Therefore, there remains a high need for HIV-specific LRAs that can also potently upregulate expression of multiply-spliced HIV RNA and viral protein. The HIV Transactivator of Transcription (Tat) protein plays an important role in viral replication - amplifying transcription from the viral promoter - but it is present at low to negligible levels in latently infected cells. As such, it has been hypothesized that providing Tat in trans could result in efficient HIV reactivation from latency. Recent studies exploring different types of Tat-based LRAs have used different nanoparticles for Tat delivery and describe potent, HIV-specific induction of multiply-spliced HIV RNA and protein ex vivo. However, there are several potential challenges to using Tat as a therapeutic, including the ability of Tat to cause systemic toxicities in vivo, limited delivery of Tat to the HIV reservoir due to poor uptake of nucleic acid by resting cells, and challenges in activating truly transcriptionally silent viruses. Identifying ways to mitigate these challenges will be critical to developing effective Tat-based LRA approaches towards an HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M. Fisher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paula M. Cevaal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Roche
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ATRACT Research Centre, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Theme, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharon R. Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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5
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Linderman SW, DeRidder L, Sanjurjo L, Foote MB, Alonso MJ, Kirtane AR, Langer R, Traverso G. Enhancing immunotherapy with tumour-responsive nanomaterials. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2025; 22:262-282. [PMID: 40050505 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-025-01000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/09/2025]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of immunotherapies to tumours using tumour-responsive nanomaterials is a promising area of cancer research with the potential to address the limitations of systemic administration such as on-target off-tumour toxicities and a lack of activity owing to the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Attempts to address these challenges include the design and functionalization of nanomaterials capable of releasing their cargoes in response to specific TME characteristics, thus facilitating the targeted delivery of immune-checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, mRNAs, vaccines and, potentially, chimaeric antigen receptors as well as of agents that modulate the extracellular matrix and induce immunogenic cell death. In this Review, we describe these various research efforts in the context of the dynamic properties of the TME, such as pH, reductive conditions, reactive oxygen species, hypoxia, specific enzymes, high levels of ATP and locoregional aspects, which can be leveraged to enhance the specificity and efficacy of nanomaterial-based immunotherapies. Highlighting preclinical successes and ongoing clinical trials, we evaluate the current landscape and potential of these innovative approaches. We also consider future research directions as well as the most important barriers to successful clinical translation, emphasizing the transformative potential of tumour-responsive nanomaterials in overcoming the barriers that limit the activity of traditional immunotherapies, thus improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Linderman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louis DeRidder
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lucía Sanjurjo
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Michael B Foote
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - María José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IMDEA Nanosciences Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ameya R Kirtane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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6
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Zhao Y, Tian M, Tong X, Yang X, Gan L, Yong T. Emerging strategies in lymph node-targeted nano-delivery systems for tumor immunotherapy. Essays Biochem 2025; 69:EBC20253008. [PMID: 40159756 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20253008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
The emergence of immunotherapy has led to the clinical approval of several related drugs. However, their efficacy against solid tumors remains limited. As the hub of immune activation, lymph nodes (LNs) play a critical role in tumor immunotherapy by initiating and amplifying immune responses. Nevertheless, the intricate physiological structure and barriers within LNs, combined with the immunosuppressive microenvironment induced by tumor cells, significantly impede the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy. Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have shown great potential in overcoming these challenges by facilitating targeted drug transport to LNs and directly or indirectly activating T cells. This review systematically examines the structural features of LNs, key factors influencing the targeting efficiency of NPs, and current strategies for remodeling the immunosuppressive microenvironment of LNs. Additionally, it discusses future opportunities for optimizing NPs to enhance tumor immunotherapy, addressing challenges in clinical translation and safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoli Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Muzi Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Tong
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tuying Yong
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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7
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Alshehry Y, Liu X, Li W, Wang Q, Cole J, Zhu G. Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA Delivery in Cancer Immunotherapy. AAPS J 2025; 27:66. [PMID: 40102316 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-025-01051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2025] [Accepted: 02/23/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is poised to be one of the major modalities for cancer treatment. Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a versatile and promising platform for the development of effective cancer immunotherapy. Delivery systems for mRNA therapeutics are pivotal for their optimal therapeutic efficacy and minimal adverse side effects. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have demonstrated a great success for mRNA delivery. Numerous LNPs have been designed and optimized to enhance mRNA stability, facilitate transfection, and ensure intracellular delivery for subsequent processing. Nevertheless, challenges remain to, for example, improve the efficiency of endosomal escape and passive targeting. This review highlights key advancements in the development of mRNA LNPs for cancer immunotherapy. We delve into the design of LNPs for mRNA delivery, encompassing the chemical structures, characterization, and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of LNP compositions. We discuss the key factors influencing the transfection efficiency, passive targeting, and tropism of mRNA-loaded LNPs. We also review the preclinical and clinical applications of mRNA LNPs in cancer immunotherapy. This review can enhance our understanding in the design and application of LNPs for mRNA delivery in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Alshehry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States of America
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States of America
| | - Qiyan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States of America
| | - Janét Cole
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States of America
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States of America.
- Bioinnovations in Brain Cancer, Biointerfaces Institute, Rogel Cancer Center, Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States of America.
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8
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Hourdel L, Lebaz N, Peral F, Ripoll M, Briançon S, Bensaid F, Luthra S, Cogné C. Overview on LNP-mRNA encapsulation unit operation: Mixing technologies, scalability, and influence of formulation & process parameters on physico-chemical characteristics. Int J Pharm 2025; 672:125297. [PMID: 39900125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/05/2025]
Abstract
Nanoparticles carrying active drug substances have been used since the 70's and have undergone numerous improvements since then. Nowadays, the latest generation of nanoparticles, called lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), is used for different applications such as vaccines and cancer treatments and offer a versatile approach to delivering genetic materials like RNA. LNPs are non-viral delivery vehicles obtained by the self-assembly of lipids during the rapid mixing of an aqueous phase containing mRNA with an organic phase containing lipids. During this process, mRNA is encapsulated within the LNP due to electrostatic interaction with an ionizable lipid. Different methods to produce LNPs are described in the literature and, as of now, continuous methods are mostly used to produce LNP-encapsulated mRNA (LNP-mRNA). T-shaped mixers are commonly used to produce mRNA-LNPs. This technology can operate at two different scales: microfluidic chips which can range from tens to hundreds of microns in size, and millimetric tubing for production scale up. This review intends to describe LNP-mRNA characteristics and their production modes with a special focus on the challenges related to the mixing quality, especially during scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurine Hourdel
- Sanofi, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France; Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LAGEPP UMR 5007 CNRS, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Noureddine Lebaz
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LAGEPP UMR 5007 CNRS, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florent Peral
- Sanofi, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Manon Ripoll
- Sanofi, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Stéphanie Briançon
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LAGEPP UMR 5007 CNRS, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fethi Bensaid
- Sanofi, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Sumit Luthra
- Sanofi, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Claudia Cogné
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LAGEPP UMR 5007 CNRS, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
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9
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Li H, Lin Z, Ouyang L, Lin C, Zeng R, Liu G, Zhou W. Lipid nanoparticle: advanced drug delivery systems for promotion of angiogenesis in diabetic wounds. J Liposome Res 2025; 35:76-85. [PMID: 39007863 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2378962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic wound is one of the most challenge in healthcare, requiring innovative approaches to promote efficient healing. In recent years, lipid nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing diabetic wound repair by stimulating angiogenesis. These nanoparticles offer unique advantages, including improved drug stability, targeted delivery, and controlled release, making them promising in enhancing the formation of new blood vessels. In this review, we summarize the emerging advances in the utilization of lipid nanoparticles to deliver angiogenic agents and promote angiogenesis in diabetic wounds. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth exploration of key aspects, including the intricate design and fabrication of lipid nanoparticles, their underlying mechanisms of action, and a comprehensive overview of preclinical studies. Moreover, we address crucial considerations pertaining to safety and the translation of these innovative systems into clinical practice. By synthesizing and analyzing the available knowledge, our review offers valuable insights into the future prospects and challenges associated with utilizing the potential of lipid nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for promoting robust angiogenesis in the intricate process of diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ze Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Lizhi Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Chuanlu Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ruiyin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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10
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Chen K, Yang H, Cai R. Microfluidics for Nanomedicine Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2025; 11:774-783. [PMID: 39772433 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is revolutionizing precision medicine, providing targeted, personalized treatment options. Lipid-based nanomedicines offer distinct benefits including high potency, targeted delivery, extended retention in the body, reduced toxicity, and lower required doses. These characteristics make lipid-based nanoparticles ideal for drug delivery in areas such as gene therapy, cancer treatment, and mRNA vaccines. However, traditional bulk synthesis methods for LNPs often produce larger particle sizes, significant polydispersity, and low encapsulation efficiency, which can reduce the therapeutic effectiveness. These issues primarily result from uneven mixing and limited control over particle formation during the synthesis. Microfluidic technology has emerged as a solution, providing precise control over particle size, uniformity, and encapsulation efficiency. In this mini review, we introduce the state-of-the-art microfluidic systems for lipid-based nanoparticle synthesis and functionalization. We include the working principles of different types of microfluidic systems, the use of microfluidic systems for LNP synthesis, cargo encapsulation, and nanomedicine delivery. In the end, we briefly discuss the clinical use of LNPs enabled by microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangfu Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Hongfen Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ren Cai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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11
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Wang R, Zhang Y, Zhong H, Zang J, Wang W, Cheng H, Chen Y, Ouyang D. Understanding the self-assembly and molecular structure of mRNA lipid nanoparticles at real size: Insights from the ultra-large-scale simulation. Int J Pharm 2025; 670:125114. [PMID: 39743161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.125114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Revised: 12/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represents a cutting-edge delivery technology that played a pivotal role during the COVID-19 pandemic and in advancing vaccine development. However, molecular structure of mRNA-LNPs at real size remains poorly understood, with conflicting results from various experimental studies. In this study, we aim to explore the assembly process and structural characteristics of mRNA-LNPs at realistic sizes using coarse-grained molecular dynamic simulations. The largest system, representing a real-sized LNPs (∼ 80 nm), reaches up to ∼6 million beads, around 30 million atoms. Moreover, the impacts of different mRNA loading levels and pH changes on the structure of mRNA-LNPs are also examined. Under acidic pH, ionizable lipid (dilinoleylmethyl-4-dimethylaminobutyrate, MC3), helper lipid (cholesterol, CHOL, distearoylphosphatidyl choline, DSPC), and mRNA rapidly self-assemble into spherical-like LNPs within 50 ns, with a diameter of 51.2 nm (2 mRNA) and 75.8 nm (4 mRNA). Inside the LNPs, a continuous lipid phase is observed alongside an aqueous phase, forming a bicontinuous structure. CHOL and DSPC form lipid rafts distributed within the shell or core layer of the LNPs, enhancing rigidity and stability. Notably, mRNA aggregation within the LNPs occurs independently of the lipid environment, and different mRNA payloads significantly influence the lipid composition between the core and shell. At neutral pH, lipid clustering slightly reduces the retention capacity of LNPs for mRNA. Our findings highlight the presence of a bicontinuous structure and lipid rafts in self-assembled LNPs, which critically influence LNPs rigidity, fluidity, and mRNA delivery efficiency. This structural insight provides a foundation for the rational design of LNPs to optimize mRNA delivery in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yunsen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jieying Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - He Cheng
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
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12
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Kim EH, Wahl K, Guelfi E, Lee D. Engineering the physical characteristics of biomaterials for innate immune-mediated cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2025; 378:814-830. [PMID: 39719214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 12/07/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/26/2024]
Abstract
It has recently been recognized that the physical characteristics of biomaterials - such as size, structure, shape, charge, mechanical strength, hydrophobicity, and multivalency - regulate immunological functions in innate immune cells. In immuno-oncology applications, biomaterials are engineered with distinct physical properties to achieve desired innate immune responses. In this review, we discuss how physical characteristics influence effector functions and innate immune signaling pathways in distinct innate immune cell subtypes. We highlight how physical properties of biomaterials impact phagocytosis regulation, biodistribution, and innate immune cell targeting. We outline the recent advances in physical engineering of biomaterials that directly or indirectly induce desired innate immune responses for cancer immunotherapy. Lastly, we discuss the challenges in current biomaterial approaches that need to be addressed to improve clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Kim
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Katelyn Wahl
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Erica Guelfi
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - DaeYong Lee
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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13
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Choi GW, Kim JH, Kang DW, Cho HY. A journey into siRNA therapeutics development: A focus on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. Eur J Pharm Sci 2025; 205:106981. [PMID: 39643127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 12/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
siRNA therapeutics are emerging novel modalities targeting highly specific mRNA via RNA interference mechanism. Its unique pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) are significant challenges for clinical use. Furthermore, naked siRNA is a highly soluble macromolecule with a negative charge, making plasma membrane penetration a significant hurdle. It is also vulnerable to nuclease degradation. Therefore, advanced formulation technologies, such as lipid nanoparticles and N-acetylgalactosamine conjugation, have been developed and are now used in clinical practice to enhance target organ delivery and stability. The innate complex biological mechanisms of siRNA, along with its formulation, are major determinants of the PK/PD characteristics of siRNA products. To systematically and quantitatively understand these characteristics, it is essential to develop and utilize quantitative PK/PD models for siRNA therapeutics. In this review, the effects of formulation on the PKs and PK/PD models of approved siRNA products were presented, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate biomarkers and understanding formulation, PKs, and PDs for quantitative interpreting the relationship between plasma concentration, organ concentration, biomarkers, and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go-Wun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Young Cho
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Farooq MA, Johnston APR, Trevaskis NL. Impact of nanoparticle properties on immune cell interactions in the lymph node. Acta Biomater 2025; 193:65-82. [PMID: 39701340 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024]
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays an important role in health and many diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune, cardiovascular, metabolic, hepatic, viral, and other infectious diseases. The lymphatic system is, therefore, an important treatment target site for a range of diseases. Lymph nodes (LNs), rich in T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages, are also primary sites of action for vaccines and immunotherapies. Promoting the delivery of therapeutics and vaccines to LNs can, therefore, enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate avoidance of off-target side effects by enabling a reduction in therapeutic dose. Several nanoparticle (NP) based delivery systems, such as polymeric NPs, lipid NPs, liposomes, micelles, and dendrimers, have been reported to enhance the delivery of therapeutics and/or vaccines to LNs. Specific uptake into the lymph following injection into tissues is highly dependent on particle properties, particularly particle size, as small molecules are more likely to be taken up by blood capillaries due to higher blood flow rates, whereas larger molecules and NPs can be specifically transported via the lymphatic vessels to LNs as the initial lymphatic capillaries are more permeable than blood capillaries. Once NPs enter LNs, particle properties also have an important influence on their disposition within the node and association with immune cells, which has significant implications for the design of vaccines and immunotherapies. This review article focuses on the impact of NP properties, such as size, surface charge and modification, and route of administration, on lymphatic uptake, retention, and interactions with immune cells in LNs. We suggest that optimizing all these factors can enhance the efficacy of vaccines or therapeutics with targets in the lymphatics and also be helpful for the rational design of vaccines. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The lymphatic system plays an essential role in health and is an important treatment target site for a range of diseases. Promoting the delivery of immunotherapies and vaccines to immune cells in lymph nodes can enhance efficacy and facilitate avoidance of off-target side effects by enabling a reduction in therapeutic dose. One of the major approaches used to deliver therapeutics and vaccines to lymph nodes is via injection in nanoparticle delivery systems. This review aims to provide an overview of the impact of nanoparticle properties, such as size, surface charge, modification, and route of administration, on lymphatic uptake, lymph node retention, and interactions with immune cells in lymph nodes. This will inform the design of future improved nanoparticle systems for vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim Farooq
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Natalie L Trevaskis
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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15
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Hwang YH, Shepherd SJ, Kim D, Mukalel AJ, Mitchell MJ, Issadore DA, Lee D. Robust, Scalable Microfluidic Manufacturing of RNA-Lipid Nanoparticles Using Immobilized Antifouling Lubricant Coating. ACS NANO 2025; 19:1090-1102. [PMID: 39700475 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2024]
Abstract
Despite the numerous advantages demonstrated by microfluidic mixing for RNA-loaded lipid nanoparticle (RNA-LNP) production over bulk methods, such as precise size control, homogeneous distributions, higher encapsulation efficiencies, and improved reproducibility, their translation from research to commercial manufacturing remains elusive. A persistent challenge hindering the adoption of microfluidics for LNP production is the fouling of device surfaces during prolonged operation, which significantly diminishes performance and reliability. The complexity of LNP constituents, including lipids, cholesterol, RNA, and solvent mixtures, makes it difficult to find a single coating that can prevent fouling. To address this challenge, we propose using an immobilized liquid lubricant layer of perfluorodecalin (PFD) to create an antifouling surface that can repel the multiple LNP constituents. We apply this technology to a staggered herringbone microfluidic (SHM) mixing chip and achieve >3 h of stable operation, a >15× increase relative to gold standard approaches. We also demonstrate the compatibility of this approach with a parallelized microfluidic platform that incorporates 256 SHM mixers, with which we demonstrate scale up, stable production at L/h production rates suitable for commercial scale applications. We verify that the LNPs produced on our chip match both the physiochemical properties and performance for both in vitro and in vivo mRNA delivery as those made on chips without the coating. By suppressing surface fouling with an immobilized liquid lubricant layer, this technology not only enhances RNA-LNP production but also promises to transform the microfluidic manufacturing of diverse materials, ensuring more reliable and robust processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Ho Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah J Shepherd
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Dongyoon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alvin J Mukalel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David A Issadore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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16
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Han CY, Choi SH, Chi SH, Hong JH, Cho YE, Kim J. Nano-fluorescence imaging: advancing lymphatic disease diagnosis and monitoring. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:53. [PMID: 39661218 PMCID: PMC11635084 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/30/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological homeostasis and regulating immune responses. Traditional imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomography, and positron emission tomography have been widely used to diagnose disorders in the lymphatic system, including lymphedema, lymphangioma, lymphatic metastasis, and Castleman disease. Nano-fluorescence technology has distinct advantages-including naked-eye visibility, operational simplicity, portability of the laser, and real-time visibility-and serves as an innovative alternative to traditional imaging techniques. This review explores recent advancements in nano-fluorescence imaging aimed at enhancing the resolution of lymphatic structure, function, and immunity. After delineating the fundamental characteristics of lymphatic systems, it elaborates on the development of various nano-fluorescence systems (including nanoparticles incorporating fluorescent dyes and those with intrinsic fluorescence) while addressing key challenges such as photobleaching, limited tissue penetration, biocompatibility, and signal interference from biomolecules. Furthermore, this review highlights the clinical applications of nano-fluorescence and its potential integration into standard diagnostic protocols. Ongoing advancements in nanoparticle technology underscore the potential of nano-fluorescence to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of lymphatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Yeon Han
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Soo-Hyang Chi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
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17
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Ye T, Zhong Z, Cappellesso F, Deswarte K, Chen Y, Lauwers H, De Lombaerde E, Gontsarik M, Lienenklaus S, Van Lysebetten D, Sanders NN, Lambrecht BN, De Koker S, Laoui D, De Geest BG. CO-DELIVERY of glutamic acid-extended peptide antigen and imidazoquinoline TLR7/8 agonist via ionizable lipid nanoparticles induces protective anti-tumor immunity. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122693. [PMID: 38996672 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines aim at generating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells that kill cancer cells and confer durable tumor regression. Hereto, CD8+ peptide epitopes should be presented by antigen presenting cells to CD8+ T cells in lymphoid tissue. Unfortunately, in unformulated soluble form, peptide antigens are poorly taken up by antigen presenting cells and do not efficiently reach lymph nodes. Hence, the lack of efficient delivery remains a major limitation for successful clinical translation of cancer vaccination using peptide antigens. Here we propose a generic peptide nanoformulation strategy by extending the amino acid sequence of the peptide antigen epitope with 10 glutamic acid residues. The resulting overall anionic charge of the peptide allows encapsulation into lipid nanoparticles (peptide-LNP) by electrostatic interaction with an ionizable cationic lipid. We demonstrate that intravenous injection of peptide-LNP efficiently delivers the peptide to immune cells in the spleen. Peptide-LNP that co-encapsulate an imidazoquinoline TLR7/8 agonist (IMDQ) induce robust innate immune activation in a broad range of immune cell subsets in the spleen. Peptide-LNP containing the minimal CD8+ T cell epitope of the HPV type 16 E7 oncoprotein and IMDQ induces high levels of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the blood, and can confer protective immunity against E7-expressing tumors in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zifu Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Federica Cappellesso
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Brussel Center for Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Lab of Dendritic Cell Biology and Cancer Immunotherapy, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim Deswarte
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heleen Lauwers
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Mark Gontsarik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Niek N Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Damya Laoui
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Brussel Center for Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Lab of Dendritic Cell Biology and Cancer Immunotherapy, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.
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18
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Haghighi E, Abolmaali SS, Dehshahri A, Mousavi Shaegh SA, Azarpira N, Tamaddon AM. Navigating the intricate in-vivo journey of lipid nanoparticles tailored for the targeted delivery of RNA therapeutics: a quality-by-design approach. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:710. [PMID: 39543630 PMCID: PMC11566655 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA therapeutics, such as mRNA, siRNA, and CRISPR-Cas9, present exciting avenues for treating diverse diseases. However, their potential is commonly hindered by vulnerability to degradation and poor cellular uptake, requiring effective delivery systems. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a leading choice for in vivo RNA delivery, offering protection against degradation, enhanced cellular uptake, and facilitation of endosomal escape. However, LNPs encounter numerous challenges for targeted RNA delivery in vivo, demanding advanced particle engineering, surface functionalization with targeting ligands, and a profound comprehension of the biological milieu in which they function. This review explores the structural and physicochemical characteristics of LNPs, in-vivo fate, and customization for RNA therapeutics. We highlight the quality-by-design (QbD) approach for targeted delivery beyond the liver, focusing on biodistribution, immunogenicity, and toxicity. In addition, we explored the current challenges and strategies associated with LNPs for in-vivo RNA delivery, such as ensuring repeated-dose efficacy, safety, and tissue-specific gene delivery. Furthermore, we provide insights into the current clinical applications in various classes of diseases and finally prospects of LNPs in RNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Haghighi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh
- Laboratory of Microfluidics and Medical Microsystems, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Orthopedic Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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19
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Isaac I, Shaikh A, Bhatia M, Liu Q, Park S, Bhattacharya C. Tetrahydropyrimidine Ionizable Lipids for Efficient mRNA Delivery. ACS NANO 2024; 18:29045-29058. [PMID: 39393001 PMCID: PMC11781979 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as an effective and promising technology for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery, offering a potential solution to physiological barriers and providing an alternative approach to gene therapy without the drawbacks associated with viral delivery. However, efficiently delivering mRNA remains a significant challenge in nucleic acid-based therapies due to the limitations of current LNP platforms in achieving optimal endosomal escape and mRNA release, which largely relies on finding a suitable ionizable lipid. Additionally, the synthesis of these ionizable lipids involves multiple chemical reactions, often making the process time-consuming and difficult to translate. In this study, we employed a facile, catalyst-free, and versatile one-pot multicomponent reaction (MCR) to develop a library of ionizable lipids featuring a pharmacologically significant tetrahydropyrimidine (THP) backbone, tailored for enhanced mRNA delivery. A library of 26 THP ionizable lipids was systematically synthesized in just 3 h and formulated with luciferase mRNA for initial in vitro screening. The THP LNPs exhibited tunable particle sizes, favorable ζ-potentials, and high encapsulation efficiencies. Among them, THP1 demonstrated the highest transfection efficiency both in vitro and in vivo after intramuscular administration, comparable to DLin-MC3-DMA (MC3), a conventional benchmark. Further optimization of THP1 with phospholipids significantly enhanced intramuscular mRNA delivery and showed sustained protein expression in vivo for up to 5 days. More importantly, it demonstrated successful intravenous delivery in a dose-dependent manner with minimal toxicity, as indicated by hematological, histopathological, and proinflammatory cytokine assessments. Furthermore, THP1 LNPs also demonstrated the ability to edit genes in specific liver tissues in a tdTomato transgenic mouse model, highlighting their precision and utility in targeted therapeutic applications. These findings position THP1 LNPs as promising candidates for advancing mRNA-based therapies, with significant implications for clinical translation in vaccine delivery and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Isaac
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Altab Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Mayurakkhi Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Qian Liu
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
- School of Life Sciences, College of Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Seungman Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Chandrabali Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
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20
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Reddiar SB, Xie Y, Abdallah M, Han S, Hu L, Feeney OM, Gracia G, Anshabo A, Lu Z, Farooq MA, Styles IK, Phillips ARJ, Windsor JA, Porter CJH, Cao E, Trevaskis NL. Intestinal Lymphatic Biology, Drug Delivery, and Therapeutics: Current Status and Future Directions. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:1326-1398. [PMID: 39179383 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Historically, the intestinal lymphatics were considered passive conduits for fluids, immune cells, dietary lipids, lipid soluble vitamins, and lipophilic drugs. Studies of intestinal lymphatic drug delivery in the late 20th century focused primarily on the drugs' physicochemical properties, especially high lipophilicity, that resulted in intestinal lymphatic transport. More recent discoveries have changed our traditional view by demonstrating that the lymphatics are active, plastic, and tissue-specific players in a range of biological and pathological processes, including within the intestine. These findings have, in turn, inspired exploration of lymph-specific therapies for a range of diseases, as well as the development of more sophisticated strategies to actively deliver drugs or vaccines to the intestinal lymph, including a range of nanotechnologies, lipid prodrugs, and lipid-conjugated materials that "hitchhike" onto lymphatic transport pathways. With the increasing development of novel therapeutics such as biologics, there has been interest in whether these therapeutics are absorbed and transported through intestinal lymph after oral administration. Here we review the current state of understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal lymphatic system in health and disease, with a focus on aspects relevant to drug delivery. We summarize the current state-of-the-art approaches to deliver drugs and quantify their uptake into the intestinal lymphatic system. Finally, and excitingly, we discuss recent examples of significant pharmacokinetic and therapeutic benefits achieved via intestinal lymphatic drug delivery. We also propose approaches to advance the development and clinical application of intestinal lymphatic delivery strategies in the future. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This comprehensive review details the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the intestinal lymphatic system in health and disease, with a focus on aspects relevant to drug delivery. It highlights current state-of-the-art approaches to deliver drugs to the intestinal lymphatics and the shift toward the use of these strategies to achieve pharmacokinetic and therapeutic benefits for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevini Babu Reddiar
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (S.B.R., Y.X., M.A., S.H., L.H., O.M.F., G.G., A.A., Z.L., M.A.F., I.K.S., C.J.H.P., E.C., N.L.T.); China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (S.H., L.H.); Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (A.R.J.P.) and Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (A.R.J.P., J.A.W.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (N.L.T.)
| | - Yining Xie
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (S.B.R., Y.X., M.A., S.H., L.H., O.M.F., G.G., A.A., Z.L., M.A.F., I.K.S., C.J.H.P., E.C., N.L.T.); China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (S.H., L.H.); Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (A.R.J.P.) and Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (A.R.J.P., J.A.W.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (N.L.T.)
| | - Mohammad Abdallah
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (S.B.R., Y.X., M.A., S.H., L.H., O.M.F., G.G., A.A., Z.L., M.A.F., I.K.S., C.J.H.P., E.C., N.L.T.); China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (S.H., L.H.); Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (A.R.J.P.) and Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (A.R.J.P., J.A.W.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (N.L.T.)
| | - Sifei Han
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (S.B.R., Y.X., M.A., S.H., L.H., O.M.F., G.G., A.A., Z.L., M.A.F., I.K.S., C.J.H.P., E.C., N.L.T.); China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (S.H., L.H.); Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (A.R.J.P.) and Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (A.R.J.P., J.A.W.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (N.L.T.)
| | - Luojuan Hu
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (S.B.R., Y.X., M.A., S.H., L.H., O.M.F., G.G., A.A., Z.L., M.A.F., I.K.S., C.J.H.P., E.C., N.L.T.); China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (S.H., L.H.); Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (A.R.J.P.) and Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (A.R.J.P., J.A.W.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (N.L.T.)
| | - Orlagh M Feeney
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (S.B.R., Y.X., M.A., S.H., L.H., O.M.F., G.G., A.A., Z.L., M.A.F., I.K.S., C.J.H.P., E.C., N.L.T.); China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (S.H., L.H.); Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (A.R.J.P.) and Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (A.R.J.P., J.A.W.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (N.L.T.)
| | - Gracia Gracia
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (S.B.R., Y.X., M.A., S.H., L.H., O.M.F., G.G., A.A., Z.L., M.A.F., I.K.S., C.J.H.P., E.C., N.L.T.); China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (S.H., L.H.); Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (A.R.J.P.) and Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (A.R.J.P., J.A.W.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (N.L.T.)
| | - Abel Anshabo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (S.B.R., Y.X., M.A., S.H., L.H., O.M.F., G.G., A.A., Z.L., M.A.F., I.K.S., C.J.H.P., E.C., N.L.T.); China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (S.H., L.H.); Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (A.R.J.P.) and Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (A.R.J.P., J.A.W.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (N.L.T.)
| | - Zijun Lu
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (S.B.R., Y.X., M.A., S.H., L.H., O.M.F., G.G., A.A., Z.L., M.A.F., I.K.S., C.J.H.P., E.C., N.L.T.); China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (S.H., L.H.); Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (A.R.J.P.) and Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (A.R.J.P., J.A.W.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (N.L.T.)
| | - Muhammad Asim Farooq
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (S.B.R., Y.X., M.A., S.H., L.H., O.M.F., G.G., A.A., Z.L., M.A.F., I.K.S., C.J.H.P., E.C., N.L.T.); China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (S.H., L.H.); Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (A.R.J.P.) and Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (A.R.J.P., J.A.W.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (N.L.T.)
| | - Ian K Styles
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (S.B.R., Y.X., M.A., S.H., L.H., O.M.F., G.G., A.A., Z.L., M.A.F., I.K.S., C.J.H.P., E.C., N.L.T.); China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (S.H., L.H.); Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (A.R.J.P.) and Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (A.R.J.P., J.A.W.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (N.L.T.)
| | - Anthony R J Phillips
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (S.B.R., Y.X., M.A., S.H., L.H., O.M.F., G.G., A.A., Z.L., M.A.F., I.K.S., C.J.H.P., E.C., N.L.T.); China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (S.H., L.H.); Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (A.R.J.P.) and Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (A.R.J.P., J.A.W.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (N.L.T.)
| | - John A Windsor
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (S.B.R., Y.X., M.A., S.H., L.H., O.M.F., G.G., A.A., Z.L., M.A.F., I.K.S., C.J.H.P., E.C., N.L.T.); China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (S.H., L.H.); Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (A.R.J.P.) and Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (A.R.J.P., J.A.W.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (N.L.T.)
| | - Christopher J H Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (S.B.R., Y.X., M.A., S.H., L.H., O.M.F., G.G., A.A., Z.L., M.A.F., I.K.S., C.J.H.P., E.C., N.L.T.); China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (S.H., L.H.); Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (A.R.J.P.) and Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (A.R.J.P., J.A.W.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (N.L.T.)
| | - Enyuan Cao
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (S.B.R., Y.X., M.A., S.H., L.H., O.M.F., G.G., A.A., Z.L., M.A.F., I.K.S., C.J.H.P., E.C., N.L.T.); China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (S.H., L.H.); Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (A.R.J.P.) and Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (A.R.J.P., J.A.W.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (N.L.T.)
| | - Natalie L Trevaskis
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (S.B.R., Y.X., M.A., S.H., L.H., O.M.F., G.G., A.A., Z.L., M.A.F., I.K.S., C.J.H.P., E.C., N.L.T.); China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (S.H., L.H.); Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (A.R.J.P.) and Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (A.R.J.P., J.A.W.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (N.L.T.)
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21
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Vinales I, Silva-Espinoza JC, Medina BA, Urbay JEM, Beltran MA, Salinas DE, Ramirez-Ramos MA, Maldonado RA, Poon W, Penichet ML, Almeida IC, Michael K. Selective Transfection of a Transferrin Receptor-Expressing Cell Line with DNA-Lipid Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:39533-39545. [PMID: 39346819 PMCID: PMC11425831 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in using lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vehicles for gene delivery, achieving selective transfection of specific cell types remains a significant challenge, hindering the advancement of new gene or gene-editing therapies. Although LNPs have been equipped with ligands aimed at targeting specific cellular receptors, achieving complete selectivity continues to be elusive. The exact reasons for this limited selectivity are not fully understood, as cell targeting involves a complex interplay of various cellular factors. Assessing how much ligand/receptor binding contributes to selectivity is challenging due to these additional influencing factors. Nonetheless, such data are important for developing new nanocarriers and setting realistic expectations for selectivity. Here, we have quantified the selective, targeted transfection using two uniquely engineered cell lines that eliminate unpredictable and interfering cellular influences. We have compared the targeted transfection of Chinese ovary hamster (CHO) cells engineered to express the human transferrin receptor 1 (hTfR1), CHO-TRVb-hTfR1, with CHO cells that completely lack any transferrin receptor, CHO-TRVb-neo cells (negative control). Thus, the two cell lines differ only in the presence/absence of hTfR1. The transfection was performed with pDNA-encapsulating LNPs equipped with the DT7 peptide ligand that specifically binds to hTfR1 and enables targeted transfection. The LNP's pDNA encoded for the monomeric GreenLantern (mGL) reporter protein, whose fluorescence was used to quantify transfection. We report a novel LNP composition designed to achieve an optimal particle size and ζ-potential, efficient pDNA encapsulation, hTfR1-targeting capability, and sufficient polyethylene glycol sheltering to minimize random cell targeting. The transfection efficiency was quantified in both cell lines separately through flow cytometry based on the expression of the fluorescent gene product. Our results demonstrated an LNP dose-dependent mGL expression, with a 5-fold preference for the CHO-TRVb-hTfR1 when compared to CHO-TRVb-neo. In another experiment, when both cell lines were mixed at a 1:1 ratio, the DT7-decorated LNP achieved a 3-fold higher transfection of the CHO-TRVb-hTfR1 over the CHO-TRVb-neo cells. Based on the low-level transfection of the CHO-TRVb-neo cells in both experiments, our results suggest that 17-25% of the transfection occurred in a nonspecific manner. The observed transfection selectivity for the CHO-TRVb-hTfR1 cells was based entirely on the hTfR1/DT7 interaction. This work showed that the platform of two engineered cell lines which differ only in the hTfR1 can greatly facilitate the development of LNPs with hTfR1-targeting ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irodiel Vinales
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Border
Biomedical Research Center, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Silva-Espinoza
- Border
Biomedical Research Center, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Texas
at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Bryan A. Medina
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Border
Biomedical Research Center, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Juan E. M. Urbay
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Border
Biomedical Research Center, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Miguel A. Beltran
- Border
Biomedical Research Center, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Texas
at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Dante E. Salinas
- Border
Biomedical Research Center, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Texas
at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Marco A. Ramirez-Ramos
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Rosa A. Maldonado
- Border
Biomedical Research Center, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Texas
at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Wilson Poon
- Department
of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Manuel L. Penichet
- Division
of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of
Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School
of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
Nanosystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- The Molecular
Biology Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive
Cancer Center, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Igor C. Almeida
- Border
Biomedical Research Center, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Texas
at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Katja Michael
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Border
Biomedical Research Center, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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22
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Luo PK, Ho HM, Chiang MC, Chu LA, Chuang YH, Lyu PC, Hu IC, Chang WA, Peng SY, Jayakumar J, Chen HL, Huang MH, Sung HW. pH-Responsive β-Glucans-Complexed mRNA in LNPs as an Oral Vaccine for Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2404830. [PMID: 38895941 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy are commonly delivered using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which, when administered intravenously, may accumulate in the liver, potentially limiting their therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this challenge, the study introduces an oral mRNA vaccine formulation tailored for efficient uptake by immune cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, known for its high concentration of immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs). This formulation comprises mRNA complexed with β-glucans (βGlus), a potential adjuvant for vaccines, encapsulated within LNPs (βGlus/mRNA@LNPs). The βGlus/mRNA complexes within the small compartments of LNPs demonstrate a distinctive ability to partially dissociate and reassociate, responding to pH changes, effectively shielding mRNA from degradation in the harsh GI environment. Upon oral administration to tumor-bearing mice, βGlus/mRNA@LNPs are effectively taken up by intestinal DCs and local nonimmune cells, bypassing potential liver accumulation. This initiates antigen-specific immune responses through successful mRNA translation, followed by drainage into the mesenteric lymph nodes to stimulate T cells and trigger specific adaptive immune responses, ultimately enhancing antitumor effects. Importantly, the vaccine demonstrates safety, with no significant inflammatory reactions observed. In conclusion, the potential of oral βGlus/mRNA@LNPs delivery presents a promising avenue in cancer immunotherapy, offering needle-free and user-friendly administration for widespread adoption and self-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kai Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Hui-Min Ho
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 350401, Taiwan ROC
| | - Min-Chun Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Li-An Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ya-Han Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ping-Chiang Lyu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - I-Chen Hu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Wan-An Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Sheng-Yao Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Jayachandran Jayakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Hsin-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ming-Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 350401, Taiwan ROC
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
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23
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Qin Q, Zhang Q, Li P, Wang R, Liu Y, Deng R, Zhang J, Nie Q, Zhou H, Zhou Y. The hybrid nanosystem for the identification and magnetic hyperthermia immunotherapy of metastatic sentinel lymph nodes as a multifunctional theranostic agent. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1445829. [PMID: 39135950 PMCID: PMC11317281 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1445829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis is the main cause of early-stage tumor spread, making the identification and therapy of metastatic sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) are highly desirable in clinic. Currently, suspected malignant SLNs typically undergo a series of independent operations in clinical practice, including imaging, staining, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and lymph node dissection (LND), which brings inconvenience to diagnosis and treatment, and may cause postoperative complications for patients. Moreover, the ordinary removal of tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) may do harm to systemic immunity required for tumor eradication. Hence, we utilized the hybrid nanosystem (SPIOs + RPPs) we constructed before for the integrated staining, ultrasound imaging, and therapy of metastatic SLNs. In this study, SPIOs + RPPs could migrate into SLNs successfully to stain them black for easy visual identification. Beyond staining, the hybrid nanosystem could realize contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging in SLNs. Meanwhile, it could inhibit cancer cells to lower the tumor burden and reverse immune-suppressive microenvironment of metastatic SLNs effectively via magnetic hyperthermia immunotherapy in VX2 tumor-bearing rabbits with popliteal fossa lymph node metastasis. These findings indicate that SPIOs + RPPs is a potential multifunctional theranostic agent for detection and therapy of lymphatic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxi Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ronghui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruxi Deng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juanmin Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanyu Nie
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Bennett ZT, Huang G, Dellinger MT, Sumer BD, Gao J. Stepwise Ultra-pH-Sensitive Micelles Overcome a p Ka Barrier for Systemic Lymph Node Delivery. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16632-16647. [PMID: 38900677 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
While local nanoparticle delivery to lymph nodes is well studied, there are few design criteria for intravenous delivery to the entire lymph node repertoire. In this study, we investigated the effect of NP pH transition on lymph node targeting by employing a series of ultra-pH-sensitive (UPS) polymeric micelles. The UPS library responds to pH thresholds (pKa 6.9, 6.2, and 5.3) over a range of physiological pH. We observed a dependence of intravenous lymph node targeting on micelle pH transition. UPS6.9 (subscript indicates pKa) shows poor lymph node delivery, while UPS5.3 delivers efficiently to lymph node sets. We investigated targeting mechanisms of UPS5.3, observing an accumulation among lymph node lymphatics and a dependence on lymph node-resident macrophages. To overcome the pH-threshold barrier, which limits UPS6.9, we rationally designed a nanoparticle coassembly of UPS6.9 with UPS5.3, called HyUPS. The HyUPS micelle retains the constitutive pH transitions of each polymer, showing stepwise responses to discrete pH thresholds. We demonstrate that HyUPS improves UPS6.9 delivery to lymph nodes, extending this platform for disease detection of lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Michael T Dellinger
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Baran D Sumer
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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25
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Cui G, Sun Y, Qu L, Shen C, Sun Y, Meng F, Zheng Y, Zhong Z. Uplifting Antitumor Immunotherapy with Lymph-Node-Targeted and Ratio-Controlled Codelivery of Tumor Cell Lysate and Adjuvant. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303690. [PMID: 38458152 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines provide a potential strategy to cure patients. Their clinical utilization and efficacy is, however, limited by incomplete coverage of tumor neoantigens and unspecific and restricted activation of dendritic cells (DCs). Tumor cell lysates (TCLs) containing a broad spectrum of neoantigens, while are considered ideal in formulating personalized vaccines, induce generally poor antigen presentation and transient antitumor immune response. Here, intelligent polymersomal nanovaccines (PNVs) that quantitatively coload, efficiently codeliver, and responsively corelease TCL and CpG adjuvant to lymph node (LN) DCs are developed to boost antigen presentation and to induce specific and robust antitumor immunity. PNVs carrying CpG and ovalbumin (OVA) markedly enhance the maturation, antigen presentation, and downstream T cell activation ability of bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells and induce strong systemic immune response after tail base injection. Remarkably, PNVs carrying CpG and TCL cure 85% of B16-F10 melanoma-bearing mice and generate long-lasting anticancer immune memory at a low dose, protecting all cured mice from tumor rechallenge. These LN-directed PNVs being highly versatile and straightforward opens a new door for personalized cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhong Cui
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yinping Sun
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liping Qu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Cui Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yiran Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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26
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Xu Z, Zhou H, Li T, Yi Q, Thakur A, Zhang K, Ma X, Qin JJ, Yan Y. Application of biomimetic nanovaccines in cancer immunotherapy: A useful strategy to help combat immunotherapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 75:101098. [PMID: 38833804 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in actual clinical applications have begun through vaccine-based cancer immunotherapy, which uses the body's immune system, both humoral and cellular, to attack malignant cells and fight diseases. However, conventional vaccine approaches still face multiple challenges eliciting effective antigen-specific immune responses, resulting in immunotherapy resistance. In recent years, biomimetic nanovaccines have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional vaccine approaches by incorporating the natural structure of various biological entities, such as cells, viruses, and bacteria. Biomimetic nanovaccines offer the benefit of targeted antigen-presenting cell (APC) delivery, improved antigen/adjuvant loading, and biocompatibility, thereby improving the sensitivity of immunotherapy. This review presents a comprehensive overview of several kinds of biomimetic nanovaccines in anticancer immune response, including cell membrane-coated nanovaccines, self-assembling protein-based nanovaccines, extracellular vesicle-based nanovaccines, natural ligand-modified nanovaccines, artificial antigen-presenting cells-based nanovaccines and liposome-based nanovaccines. We also discuss the perspectives and challenges associated with the clinical translation of emerging biomimetic nanovaccine platforms for sensitizing cancer cells to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Tongfei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Qiaoli Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kui Zhang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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27
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Zhang T, Yin H, Li Y, Yang H, Ge K, Zhang J, Yuan Q, Dai X, Naeem A, Weng Y, Huang Y, Liang XJ. Optimized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for organ-selective nucleic acids delivery in vivo. iScience 2024; 27:109804. [PMID: 38770138 PMCID: PMC11103379 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics offer tremendous promise for addressing a wide range of common public health conditions. However, the in vivo nucleic acids delivery faces significant biological challenges. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) possess several advantages, such as simple preparation, high stability, efficient cellular uptake, endosome escape capabilities, etc., making them suitable for delivery vectors. However, the extensive hepatic accumulation of LNPs poses a challenge for successful development of LNPs-based nucleic acid therapeutics for extrahepatic diseases. To overcome this hurdle, researchers have been focusing on modifying the surface properties of LNPs to achieve precise delivery. The review aims to provide current insights into strategies for LNPs-based organ-selective nucleic acid delivery. In addition, it delves into the general design principles, targeting mechanisms, and clinical development of organ-selective LNPs. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview to provide guidance and valuable insights for further research and development of organ-selective nucleic acid delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Han Yin
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Li
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiyin Yang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002 China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002 China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xuyan Dai
- Apharige Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Abid Naeem
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuhua Weng
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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28
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Sato Y, Nakamura T, Yamada Y, Harashima H. The impact of, and expectations for, lipid nanoparticle technology: From cellular targeting to organelle targeting. J Control Release 2024; 370:516-527. [PMID: 38718875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The success of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 has enhanced the potential of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as a system for the delivery of mRNA. In this review, we describe our progress using a lipid library to engineer ionizable lipids and promote LNP technology from the viewpoints of safety, controlled biodistribution, and mRNA vaccines. These advancements in LNP technology are applied to cancer immunology, and a potential nano-DDS is constructed to evaluate immune status that is associated with a cancer-immunity cycle that includes the sub-cycles in tumor microenvironments. We also discuss the importance of the delivery of antigens and adjuvants in enhancing the cancer-immunity cycle. Recent progress in NK cell targeting in cancer immunotherapy is also introduced. Finally, the impact of next-generation DDS technology is explained using the MITO-Porter membrane fusion-based delivery system for the organelle targeting of the mitochondria. We introduce a successful example of the MITO-Porter used in a cell therapeutic strategy to treat cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuma Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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29
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Huayamares SG, Loughrey D, Kim H, Dahlman JE, Sorscher EJ. Nucleic acid-based drugs for patients with solid tumours. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:407-427. [PMID: 38589512 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of patients with advanced-stage solid tumours typically involves a multimodality approach (including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and/or immunotherapy), which is often ultimately ineffective. Nucleic acid-based drugs, either as monotherapies or in combination with standard-of-care therapies, are rapidly emerging as novel treatments capable of generating responses in otherwise refractory tumours. These therapies include those using viral vectors (also referred to as gene therapies), several of which have now been approved by regulatory agencies, and nanoparticles containing mRNAs and a range of other nucleotides. In this Review, we describe the development and clinical activity of viral and non-viral nucleic acid-based treatments, including their mechanisms of action, tolerability and available efficacy data from patients with solid tumours. We also describe the effects of the tumour microenvironment on drug delivery for both systemically administered and locally administered agents. Finally, we discuss important trends resulting from ongoing clinical trials and preclinical testing, and manufacturing and/or stability considerations that are expected to underpin the next generation of nucleic acid agents for patients with solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian G Huayamares
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Loughrey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James E Dahlman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Eric J Sorscher
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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30
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Tang Y, Liu B, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Huang Y, Fan W. Interactions between nanoparticles and lymphatic systems: Mechanisms and applications in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 209:115304. [PMID: 38599495 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The lymphatic system has garnered significant attention in drug delivery research due to the advantages it offers, such as enhancing systemic exposure and enabling lymph node targeting for nanomedicines via the lymphatic delivery route. The journey of drug carriers involves transport from the administration site to the lymphatic vessels, traversing the lymph before entering the bloodstream or targeting specific lymph nodes. However, the anatomical and physiological barriers of the lymphatic system play a pivotal role in influencing the behavior and efficiency of carriers. To expedite research and subsequent clinical translation, this review begins by introducing the composition and classification of the lymphatic system. Subsequently, we explore the routes and mechanisms through which nanoparticles enter lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes. The review further delves into the interactions between nanomedicine and body fluids at the administration site or within lymphatic vessels. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in lymphatic delivery systems, addressing the challenges and opportunities inherent in current systems for delivering macromolecules and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528437, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wufa Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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31
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Chu R, Wang Y, Kong J, Pan T, Yang Y, He J. Lipid nanoparticles as the drug carrier for targeted therapy of hepatic disorders. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4759-4784. [PMID: 38682294 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02766j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The liver, a complex and vital organ in the human body, is susceptible to various diseases, including metabolic disorders, acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In recent decades, these diseases have significantly contributed to global morbidity and mortality. Currently, liver transplantation remains the most effective treatment for hepatic disorders. Nucleic acid therapeutics offer a selective approach to disease treatment through diverse mechanisms, enabling the regulation of relevant genes and providing a novel therapeutic avenue for hepatic disorders. It is expected that nucleic acid drugs will emerge as the third generation of pharmaceuticals, succeeding small molecule drugs and antibody drugs. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent a crucial technology in the field of drug delivery and constitute a significant advancement in gene therapies. Nucleic acids encapsulated in LNPs are shielded from the degradation of enzymes and effectively delivered to cells, where they are released and regulate specific genes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the structure, composition, and applications of LNPs in the treatment of hepatic disorders and offers insights into prospects and challenges in the future development of LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxuan Chu
- National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tung, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Jianglong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tung, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Ting Pan
- National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yani Yang
- National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Jun He
- National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
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32
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Shaw I, Boafo GF, Ali YS, Liu Y, Mlambo R, Tan S, Chen C. Advancements and prospects of lipid-based nanoparticles: dual frontiers in cancer treatment and vaccine development. J Microencapsul 2024; 41:226-254. [PMID: 38560994 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2024.2326091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex heterogeneous disease that poses a significant public health challenge. In recent years, lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs) have expanded drug delivery and vaccine development options owing to their adaptable, non-toxic, tuneable physicochemical properties, versatile surface functionalisation, and biocompatibility. LBNPs are tiny artificial structures composed of lipid-like materials that can be engineered to encapsulate and deliver therapeutic agents with pinpoint accuracy. They have been widely explored in oncology; however, our understanding of their pharmacological mechanisms, effects of their composition, charge, and size on cellular uptake, tumour penetration, and how they can be utilised to develop cancer vaccines is still limited. Hence, we reviewed LBNPs' unique characteristics, biochemical features, and tumour-targeting mechanisms. Furthermore, we examined their ability to enhance cancer therapies and their potential contribution in developing anticancer vaccines. We critically analysed their advantages and challenges impeding swift advancements in oncology and highlighted promising avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Shaw
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - George Frimpong Boafo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimer Seid Ali
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Yang Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronald Mlambo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanpin Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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33
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Li ZZ, Zhong NN, Cao LM, Cai ZM, Xiao Y, Wang GR, Liu B, Xu C, Bu LL. Nanoparticles Targeting Lymph Nodes for Cancer Immunotherapy: Strategies and Influencing Factors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308731. [PMID: 38327169 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a potent strategy in cancer treatment, with many approved drugs and modalities in the development stages. Despite its promise, immunotherapy is not without its limitations, including side effects and suboptimal efficacy. Using nanoparticles (NPs) as delivery vehicles to target immunotherapy to lymph nodes (LNs) can improve the efficacy of immunotherapy drugs and reduce side effects in patients. In this context, this paper reviews the development of LN-targeted immunotherapeutic NP strategies, the mechanisms of NP transport during LN targeting, and their related biosafety risks. NP targeting of LNs involves either passive targeting, influenced by NP physical properties, or active targeting, facilitated by affinity ligands on NP surfaces, while alternative methods, such as intranodal injection and high endothelial venule (HEV) targeting, have uncertain clinical applicability and require further research and validation. LN targeting of NPs for immunotherapy can reduce side effects and increase biocompatibility, but risks such as toxicity, organ accumulation, and oxidative stress remain, although strategies such as biodegradable biomacromolecules, polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating, and impurity addition can mitigate these risks. Additionally, this work concludes with a future-oriented discussion, offering critical insights into the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Zhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Nian-Nian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lei-Ming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ze-Min Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Guang-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, 4066, Australia
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
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34
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Jangra S, Lamoot A, Singh G, Laghlali G, Chen Y, Ye T, García-Sastre A, De Geest BG, Schotsaert M. Lipid nanoparticle composition for adjuvant formulation modulates disease after influenza virus infection in quadrivalent influenza vaccine vaccinated mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1370564. [PMID: 38711520 PMCID: PMC11070541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1370564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
There are considerable avenues through which currently licensed influenza vaccines could be optimized. We tested influenza vaccination in a mouse model with two adjuvants: Sendai virus-derived defective interfering (SDI) RNA, a RIG-I agonist; and an amphiphilic imidazoquinoline (IMDQ-PEG-Chol), a TLR7/8 agonist. The negatively charged SDI RNA was formulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) facilitating direct delivery of SDI RNA to the cytosol, where RIG-I sensing induces inflammatory and type I interferon responses. We previously tested SDI RNA and IMDQ-PEG-Chol as standalone and combination adjuvants for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Here, we tested two different ionizable lipids, K-Ac7-Dsa and S-Ac7-Dog, for LNP formulations. The LNPs were incorporated with SDI RNA to determine its potential as a combination adjuvant with IMDQ-PEG-Chol by evaluating the host immune response to vaccination and infection in immunized BALB/c mice. Adjuvanticity of IMDQ-PEG-Chol with and without empty or SDI-loaded LNPs was validated with quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV), showing robust induction of antibody titers and T-cell responses. Depending on the adjuvant combination and LNP formulation, humoral and cellular vaccine responses could be tailored towards type 1 or type 2 host responses with specific cytokine profiles that correlated with the protective responses to viral infection. The extent of protection conferred by different vaccine/LNP/adjuvant combinations was tested by challenging mice with a vaccine-matched strain of influenza A virus A/Singapore/gp1908/2015 IVR-180 (H1N1). Groups that received either LNP formulated with SDI or IMDQ-PEG-Chol, or both, showed very low levels of viral replication in their lungs at 5 days post-infection (DPI). These studies provide evidence that the combination of vaccines with LNPs and/or adjuvants promote antigen-specific cellular responses that can contribute to protection upon infection. Interestingly, we observed differences in humoral and cellular responses to vaccination between different groups receiving K-Ac7-Dsa or S-Ac7-Dog lipids in LNP formulations. The differences were also reflected in inflammatory responses in lungs of vaccinated animals to infection, depending on LNP formulations. Therefore, this study suggests that the composition of the LNPs, particularly the ionizable lipid, plays an important role in inducing inflammatory responses in vivo, which is important for vaccine safety and to prevent adverse effects upon viral exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Jangra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gabriel Laghlali
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tingting Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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35
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Chia SPS, Pang JKS, Soh BS. Current RNA strategies in treating cardiovascular diseases. Mol Ther 2024; 32:580-608. [PMID: 38291757 PMCID: PMC10928165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to impose a significant global health burden, necessitating the exploration of innovative treatment strategies. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)-based therapeutics have emerged as a promising avenue to address the complex molecular mechanisms underlying CVD pathogenesis. We present a comprehensive review of the current state of RNA therapeutics in the context of CVD, focusing on the diverse modalities that bring about transient or permanent modifications by targeting the different stages of the molecular biology central dogma. Considering the immense potential of RNA therapeutics, we have identified common gene targets that could serve as potential interventions for prevalent Mendelian CVD caused by single gene mutations, as well as acquired CVDs developed over time due to various factors. These gene targets offer opportunities to develop RNA-based treatments tailored to specific genetic and molecular pathways, presenting a novel and precise approach to address the complex pathogenesis of both types of cardiovascular conditions. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with delivery strategies to achieve targeted delivery of RNA therapeutics to the cardiovascular system. This review highlights the immense potential of RNA-based interventions as a novel and precise approach to combat CVD, paving the way for future advancements in cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Pei Shan Chia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Kah Sheng Pang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore.
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36
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Mehraji S, DeVoe DL. Microfluidic synthesis of lipid-based nanoparticles for drug delivery: recent advances and opportunities. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1154-1174. [PMID: 38165786 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00821e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies are revolutionizing the synthesis of nanoscale lipid particles and enabling new opportunities for the production of lipid-based nanomedicines. By harnessing the benefits of microfluidics for controlling diffusive and advective transport within microfabricated flow cells, microfluidic platforms enable unique capabilities for lipid nanoparticle synthesis with precise and tunable control over nanoparticle properties. Here we present an assessment of the current state of microfluidic technologies for lipid-based nanoparticle and nanomedicine production. Microfluidic techniques are discussed in the context of conventional production methods, with an emphasis on the capabilities of microfluidic systems for controlling nanoparticle size and size distribution. Challenges and opportunities associated with the scaling of manufacturing throughput are discussed, together with an overview of emerging microfluidic methods for lipid nanomedicine post-processing. The impact of additive manufacturing on current and future microfluidic platforms is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Mehraji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Don L DeVoe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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37
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Zhang X, Li Y, Zhou Z. Lipid Nanoparticle-Based Delivery System-A Competing Place for mRNA Vaccines. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6219-6234. [PMID: 38371811 PMCID: PMC10870384 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
mRNA, as one of the foci of biomedical research in the past decade, has become a candidate vaccine solution for various infectious diseases and tumors and for regenerative medicine and immunotherapy due to its high efficiency, safety, and effectiveness. A stable and effective delivery system is needed to protect mRNAs from nuclease degradation while also enhancing immunogenicity. The success of mRNA lipid nanoparticles in treating COVID-19, to a certain extent, marks a milestone for mRNA vaccines and also promotes further research on mRNA delivery systems. Here, we explore mRNA vaccine delivery systems, especially lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), considering the current research status, prospects, and challenges of lipid nanoparticles, and explore other mRNA delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Research
Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300193 Tianjin, China
- Institute
for Biological Product Control, National
Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating
Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, No.31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, 102629 Beijing, China
- College
of Life Science, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- Department
of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen Branch), Fudan University, 361015 Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Zehua Zhou
- Research
Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300193 Tianjin, China
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Tong X, Raffaele J, Feller K, Dornadula G, Devlin J, Boyd D, Loughney JW, Shanter J, Rustandi RR. Correlating Stability-Indicating Biochemical and Biophysical Characteristics with In Vitro Cell Potency in mRNA LNP Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:169. [PMID: 38400152 PMCID: PMC10893231 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of mRNA vaccines has increased rapidly since the COVID-19 pandemic. As one of the critical attributes, understanding mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) stability is critical in the vaccine product development. However, the correlation between LNPs' physiochemical characteristics and their potency still remains unclear. The lack of regulatory guidance on the specifications for mRNA LNPs is also partially due to this underexplored relationship. In this study, we performed a three-month stability study of heat-stressed mRNA LNP samples. The mRNA LNP samples were analyzed for their mRNA degradation, LNP particle sizes, and mRNA encapsulation efficiency. In vitro cell potency was also evaluated and correlated with these above-mentioned physiochemical characterizations. The mRNA degradation-cell potency correlation data showed two distinct regions, indicating a critical cut-off size limit for mRNA degradation. The same temperature dependence was also observed in the LNP size-cell potency correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA (K.F.); (G.D.); (J.W.L.); (R.R.R.)
| | - Jessica Raffaele
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA (K.F.); (G.D.); (J.W.L.); (R.R.R.)
| | - Katrina Feller
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA (K.F.); (G.D.); (J.W.L.); (R.R.R.)
| | - Geethanjali Dornadula
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA (K.F.); (G.D.); (J.W.L.); (R.R.R.)
| | - James Devlin
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA (K.F.); (G.D.); (J.W.L.); (R.R.R.)
| | - David Boyd
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA; (D.B.); (J.S.)
| | - John W. Loughney
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA (K.F.); (G.D.); (J.W.L.); (R.R.R.)
| | - Jon Shanter
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA; (D.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Richard R. Rustandi
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA (K.F.); (G.D.); (J.W.L.); (R.R.R.)
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39
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Yip T, Qi X, Yan H, Chang Y. RNA Origami Functions as a Self-Adjuvanted Nanovaccine Platform for Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4056-4067. [PMID: 38270089 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Peptide-based vaccines have been widely investigated in cancer immunotherapy. Despite their high specificity, safety, and low production cost, these vaccines have shown limited success in clinical studies, owing to their poor immunogenicity. Extensive efforts have been devoted to increasing the immunogenicity of peptide vaccines by mixing peptides with adjuvants and/or promoting their delivery to tumor-draining lymph nodes (TdLNs) for better antigen presentation by and maturation of dendritic cells. Among these efforts, the exploration of various nanoparticles has been at the forefront of the rational design and construction of peptide-based vaccines. Here, we present a nanovaccine platform that is built on a self-assembled RNA origami (RNA-OG) nanostructure. As previously reported, this RNA-OG nanostructure is a potent toll-like receptor (TLR)3 agonist. In addition, due to its robust synthesis and versatility in modification, RNA-OG could be readily linked to peptides of interest. Thus, these RNA-OG nanostructures function as adjuvanted nanocarriers to construct RNA-OG-peptide nanovaccines that are uniform in size, consistent in peptide loading, and highly stable. Here, we demonstrate that the assembled RNA-OG-peptide nanovaccines induced dendritic cell maturation, reduced tumor-mediated immunosuppression, and mobilized tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses at the tumor site. Together, these actions led to the elicitation of an effective antitumor immunity that increased the survival of tumor-bearing mice. The combination of RNA-OG-based nanovaccines with the α-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade further enhanced the immunity. Hence, our RNA-OG nanostructures represent a robust, simple, and highly effective platform to empower peptide-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Yip
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Xiaodong Qi
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Hao Yan
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Yung Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
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40
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Trac N, Chen Z, Oh HS, Jones L, Huang Y, Giblin J, Gross M, Sta Maria NS, Jacobs RE, Chung EJ. MRI Detection of Lymph Node Metastasis through Molecular Targeting of C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 2 and Monocyte Hitchhiking. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2091-2104. [PMID: 38212302 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Biopsy is the clinical standard for diagnosing lymph node (LN) metastasis, but it is invasive and poses significant risk to patient health. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been utilized as a noninvasive alternative but is limited by low sensitivity, with only ∼35% of LN metastases detected, as clinical contrast agents cannot discriminate between healthy and metastatic LNs due to nonspecific accumulation. Nanoparticles targeted to the C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), a biomarker highly expressed in metastatic LNs, have the potential to guide the delivery of contrast agents, improving the sensitivity of MRI. Additionally, cancer cells in metastatic LNs produce monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), which binds to CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes and stimulates their migration. Thus, the molecular targeting of CCR2 may enable nanoparticle hitchhiking onto monocytes, providing an additional mechanism for metastatic LN targeting and early detection. Hence, we developed micelles incorporating gadolinium (Gd) and peptides derived from the CCR2-binding motif of MCP1 (MCP1-Gd) and evaluated the potential of MCP1-Gd to detect LN metastasis. When incubated with migrating monocytes in vitro, MCP1-Gd transport across lymphatic endothelium increased 2-fold relative to nontargeting controls. After administration into mouse models with initial LN metastasis and recurrent LN metastasis, MCP1-Gd detected metastatic LNs by increasing MRI signal by 30-50% relative to healthy LNs. Furthermore, LN targeting was dependent on monocyte hitchhiking, as monocyte depletion decreased accumulation by >70%. Herein, we present a nanoparticle contrast agent for MRI detection of LN metastasis mediated by CCR2-targeting and demonstrate the potential of monocyte hitchhiking for enhanced nanoparticle delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Trac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Zixi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Hyun-Seok Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Leila Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Joshua Giblin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mitchell Gross
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Naomi S Sta Maria
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Russell E Jacobs
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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41
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Hogarth C, Arnold K, Wright S, Elkateb H, Rannard S, McDonald TO. Navigating the challenges of lipid nanoparticle formulation: the role of unpegylated lipid surfactants in enhancing drug loading and stability. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:669-679. [PMID: 38235101 PMCID: PMC10791113 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00484h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles have proved an attractive approach for drug delivery; however, the challenges of optimising formulation stability and increasing drug loading have limited progression. In this work, we investigate the role of unpegylated lipid surfactants (helper lipids) in nanoparticle formation and the effect of blending helper lipids with pegylated lipid surfactants on the formation and stability of lipid-based nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation. Furthermore, blends of unpegylated/pegylated lipid surfactants were examined for ability to accommodate higher drug loading formulations by means of a higher weight percentage (wt%) of drug relative to total mass of formulation components (i.e. drug, surfactants and lipids). Characterisation included evaluation of particle diameter, size distribution, drug loading and nanoformulation stability. Our findings demonstrate that the addition of unpegylated lipid surfactant (Lipoid S100) to pegylated lipid surfactant (Brij S20) enhances stability, particularly at higher weight percentages of the core material. This blending approach enables drug loading capacities exceeding 10% in the lipid nanoparticles. Notably, Lipoid S100 exhibited nucleating properties that aided in the formation and stabilisation of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, we examined the incorporation of a model drug into the lipid nanoparticle formulations. Blending the model drug with the core material disrupted the crystallinity of the core, offering additional potential benefits in terms of drug release and stability. This comprehensive investigation provides valuable insights into the interplay between surfactant properties, core material composition, and nanoparticle behaviour. The study enhances our understanding of lipid materials and offers guidance for the design and optimisation of lipid nanoparticle formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Hogarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Keith Arnold
- Material Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Steve Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Heba Elkateb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Steve Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
- Material Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Tom O McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester UK
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42
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Meulewaeter S, Zhang Y, Wadhwa A, Fox K, Lentacker I, Harder KW, Cullis PR, De Smedt SC, Cheng MHY, Verbeke R. Considerations on the Design of Lipid-based mRNA Vaccines Against Cancer. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168385. [PMID: 38065276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the last decades, mRNA vaccines have been developed as a cancer immunotherapeutic and the technology recently gained momentum during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent promising results obtained from clinical trials investigating lipid-based mRNA vaccines in cancer therapy further highlighted the potential of this therapy. Interestingly, while the technologies being used in authorized mRNA vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19 are relatively similar, mRNA vaccines in clinical development for cancer vaccination show marked differences in mRNA modification, lipid carrier, and administration route. In this review, we describe findings on how these factors can impact the potency of mRNA vaccines in cancer therapy and provide insights into the complex interplay between them. We discuss how lipid carrier composition can affect passive targeting to immune cells to improve the efficacy and safety of mRNA vaccines. Finally, we summarize strategies that are established or still being explored to improve the efficacy of mRNA cancer vaccines and include next-generation vaccines that are on the horizon in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Meulewaeter
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Abishek Wadhwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kevin Fox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Kenneth W Harder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Miffy H Y Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Rein Verbeke
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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43
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Juchem M, Cushman S, Lu D, Chatterjee S, Bär C, Thum T. Encapsulating In Vitro Transcribed circRNA into Lipid Nanoparticles Via Microfluidic Mixing. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2765:247-260. [PMID: 38381344 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3678-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
This chapter serves as a guide for researchers embarking on circular RNA-based translational studies. It provides a foundation for the successful encapsulation of circular RNA into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and facilitates progress in this emerging field. Crucial scientific methods and techniques involved in the formulation process, particle characterization, and downstream processing of circ-LNPs are covered. The production of in vitro transcribed circular RNA-containing LNPs based on a commercially available lipid mix is provided, in addition to the fundamentals for successful encapsulation based on lipid mixes composed of single components. Furthermore, the transfection and validation protocols for the identification of a functional and potentially therapeutic circRNA candidate for initial in vitro verification, before subsequent LNP studies, are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Juchem
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Cushman
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dongchao Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shambhabi Chatterjee
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Bär
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Scotland BL, Shaw JR, Dharmaraj S, Caprio N, Cottingham AL, Joy Martín Lasola J, Sung JJ, Pearson RM. Cell and biomaterial delivery strategies to induce immune tolerance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115141. [PMID: 37980950 PMCID: PMC10842132 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of immune-mediated disorders, including autoimmune conditions and allergies, is steadily increasing. However, current therapeutic approaches are often non-specific and do not address the underlying pathogenic condition, often resulting in impaired immunity and a state of generalized immunosuppression. The emergence of technologies capable of selectively inhibiting aberrant immune activation in a targeted, antigen (Ag)-specific manner by exploiting the body's intrinsic tolerance pathways, all without inducing adverse side effects, holds significant promise to enhance patient outcomes. In this review, we will describe the body's natural mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance as well as innovative delivery strategies using cells and biomaterials targeting innate and adaptive immune cells to promote Ag-specific immune tolerance. Additionally, we will discuss the challenges and future opportunities that warrant consideration as we navigate the path toward clinical implementation of tolerogenic strategies to treat immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna L Scotland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Jacob R Shaw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Shruti Dharmaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Nicholas Caprio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Andrea L Cottingham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Jackline Joy Martín Lasola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Junsik J Sung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Ryan M Pearson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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45
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Xu M, Qi Y, Liu G, Song Y, Jiang X, Du B. Size-Dependent In Vivo Transport of Nanoparticles: Implications for Delivery, Targeting, and Clearance. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20825-20849. [PMID: 37921488 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the in vivo transport of nanoparticles provides guidelines for designing nanomedicines with higher efficacy and fewer side effects. Among many factors, the size of nanoparticles plays a key role in controlling their in vivo transport behaviors due to the existence of various physiological size thresholds within the body and size-dependent nano-bio interactions. Encouraged by the evolving discoveries of nanoparticle-size-dependent biological effects, we believe that it is necessary to systematically summarize the size-scaling laws of nanoparticle transport in vivo. In this review, we summarized the size effect of nanoparticles on their in vivo transport along their journey in the body: begin with the administration of nanoparticles via different delivery routes, followed by the targeting of nanoparticles to intended tissues including tumors and other organs, and eventually clearance of nanoparticles through the liver or kidneys. We outlined the tools for investigating the in vivo transport of nanoparticles as well. Finally, we discussed how we may leverage the size-dependent transport to tackle some of the key challenges in nanomedicine translation and also raised important size-related questions that remain to be answered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Xu
- Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Qi
- Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P.R. China
| | - Gaoshuo Liu
- Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P.R. China
| | - Yuanqing Song
- Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P.R. China
| | - Xingya Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Bujie Du
- Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P.R. China
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46
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Mikhail AS, Morhard R, Mauda-Havakuk M, Kassin M, Arrichiello A, Wood BJ. Hydrogel drug delivery systems for minimally invasive local immunotherapy of cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 202:115083. [PMID: 37673217 PMCID: PMC11616795 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Although systemic immunotherapy has achieved durable responses and improved survival for certain patients and cancer types, low response rates and immune system-related systemic toxicities limit its overall impact. Intratumoral (intralesional) delivery of immunotherapy is a promising technique to combat mechanisms of tumor immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment and reduce systemic drug exposure and associated side effects. However, intratumoral injections are prone to variable tumor drug distribution and leakage into surrounding tissues, which can compromise efficacy and contribute to toxicity. Controlled release drug delivery systems such as in situ-forming hydrogels are promising vehicles for addressing these challenges by providing improved spatio-temporal control of locally administered immunotherapies with the goal of promoting systemic tumor-specific immune responses and abscopal effects. In this review we will discuss concepts, applications, and challenges in local delivery of immunotherapy using controlled release drug delivery systems with a focus on intratumorally injected hydrogel-based drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Mikhail
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Robert Morhard
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michal Mauda-Havakuk
- Interventional Oncology service, Interventional Radiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv District, Israel
| | - Michael Kassin
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Bradford J Wood
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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47
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Lee Y, Jeong M, Park J, Jung H, Lee H. Immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticles and its impact on the efficacy of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2085-2096. [PMID: 37779140 PMCID: PMC10618257 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have utilized a lipid nanoparticle delivery system to enhance the effectiveness of mRNA therapeutics and vaccines. However, these nanoparticles are recognized as foreign materials by the body and stimulate innate immunity, which in turn impacts adaptive immunity. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the specific type of innate immune response triggered by lipid nanoparticles. This article provides an overview of the immunological response in the body, explores how lipid nanoparticles activate the innate immune system, and examines the adverse effects and immunogenicity-related development pathways associated with these nanoparticles. Finally, we highlight and explore strategies for regulating the immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Michaela Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Jeongeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Hyein Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
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Ji H, Hu C, Yang X, Liu Y, Ji G, Ge S, Wang X, Wang M. Lymph node metastasis in cancer progression: molecular mechanisms, clinical significance and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:367. [PMID: 37752146 PMCID: PMC10522642 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are important hubs for metastatic cell arrest and growth, immune modulation, and secondary dissemination to distant sites through a series of mechanisms, and it has been proved that lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an essential prognostic indicator in many different types of cancer. Therefore, it is important for oncologists to understand the mechanisms of tumor cells to metastasize to LNs, as well as how LNM affects the prognosis and therapy of patients with cancer in order to provide patients with accurate disease assessment and effective treatment strategies. In recent years, with the updates in both basic and clinical studies on LNM and the application of advanced medical technologies, much progress has been made in the understanding of the mechanisms of LNM and the strategies for diagnosis and treatment of LNM. In this review, current knowledge of the anatomical and physiological characteristics of LNs, as well as the molecular mechanisms of LNM, are described. The clinical significance of LNM in different anatomical sites is summarized, including the roles of LNM playing in staging, prognostic prediction, and treatment selection for patients with various types of cancers. And the novel exploration and academic disputes of strategies for recognition, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions of metastatic LNs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Ji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chuang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xuhui Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yuanhao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guangyu Ji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiansong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Mingsong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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49
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Yuan M, Han Z, Liang Y, Sun Y, He B, Chen W, Li F. mRNA nanodelivery systems: targeting strategies and administration routes. Biomater Res 2023; 27:90. [PMID: 37740246 PMCID: PMC10517595 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With the great success of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, mRNA therapeutics have gained significant momentum for the prevention and treatment of various refractory diseases. To function efficiently in vivo and overcome clinical limitations, mRNA demands safe and stable vectors and a reasonable administration route, bypassing multiple biological barriers and achieving organ-specific targeted delivery of mRNA. Nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery systems representing leading vector approaches ensure the successful intracellular delivery of mRNA to the target organ. In this review, chemical modifications of mRNA and various types of advanced mRNA NPs, including lipid NPs and polymers are summarized. The importance of passive targeting, especially endogenous targeting, and active targeting in mRNA nano-delivery is emphasized, and different cellular endocytic mechanisms are discussed. Most importantly, based on the above content and the physiological structure characteristics of various organs in vivo, the design strategies of mRNA NPs targeting different organs and cells are classified and discussed. Furthermore, the influence of administration routes on targeting design is highlighted. Finally, an outlook on the remaining challenges and future development toward mRNA targeted therapies and precision medicine is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujie Yuan
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Zeyu Han
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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50
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Guo C, Yuan H, Wang Y, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Yin T, He H, Gou J, Tang X. The interplay between PEGylated nanoparticles and blood immune system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115044. [PMID: 37541623 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades, an increasing number of reports have pointed out that the immunogenicity of polyethylene glycol (PEG) may trigger accelerated blood clearance (ABC) and hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) to PEGylated nanoparticles, which could make PEG modification counterproductive. These phenomena would be detrimental to the efficacy of the load and even life-threatening to patients. Consequently, further elucidation of the interplay between PEGylated nanoparticles and the blood immune system will be beneficial to developing and applying related formulations. Many groups have worked to unveil the relevance of structural factors, dosing schedule, and other factors to the ABC phenomenon and hypersensitivity reaction. Interestingly, the results of some reports seem to be difficult to interpret or contradict with other reports. In this review, we summarize the physiological mechanisms of PEG-specific immune response. Moreover, we speculate on the potential relationship between the induction phase and the effectuation phase to explain the divergent results in published reports. In addition, the role of nanoparticle-associated factors is discussed based on the classification of the action phase. This review may help researchers to develop PEGylated nanoparticles to avoid unfavorable immune responses based on the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Haoyang Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuxiu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yupeng Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
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