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Boidi G, Ronai B, Heift D, Benini F, Varga M, Righi MC, Rosenkranz A. Tribology of 2D black phosphorus - Current state-of-the-art and future potential. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103180. [PMID: 38754213 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Since the first mechanical exfoliation of graphene in 2004, the interest in 2D materials has significantly risen due to their outstanding property combination. Multiple 2D materials have been synthesized until today, while black phosphorus (BP) resembles one of their latest additions. The unique properties of BP, especially for electronic and optical devices (i.e., high carrier mobility and electrical conduction, field-effect transistor, layer-dependent bandgap, anisotropic transport), have gained notable attention. However, its layered structure, similar to those of graphene and MoS2, is also advantageous to optimize the friction and wear performance. Moreover, the strong in-plane covalent bonds and weak interlayer van-der-Waals forces favour the formation of low-friction and wear-resistant films. Although BP holds a great tribological potential, the literature to date on this topic is rather scarce. Therefore, it is a timely moment to holistically summarize the synthesis approaches and properties of BP thus guiding interested researchers to use it in mechanical/tribological applications. The existing state-of-the-art regarding tribological research is critically discussed and compared to other 2D materials thus highlighting existing research gaps and paving the way for future research activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Boidi
- AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2/C, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Bettina Ronai
- AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2/C, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Dominikus Heift
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Francesca Benini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Markus Varga
- AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2/C, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Maria Clelia Righi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Andreas Rosenkranz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, FCFM, University of Chile, Santiago 8370415, Chile.
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2
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Gunathilaka TM, Shimomura M. Nanoscale Evaluation of the Degradation Stability of Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Functionalized with PEG and Glutathione-Stabilized Doxorubicin Drug-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles in Real Functionalized System. Molecules 2024; 29:1746. [PMID: 38675567 PMCID: PMC11051985 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional black phosphorus (2D BP) has attracted significant research interest in the field of biomedical applications due to its unique characteristics, including high biocompatibility, impressive drug-loading efficiency, phototherapeutic ability, and minimal side effects. However, its puckered honeycomb lattice structure with lone-pair electrons of BP leads to higher sensitivity and chemical reactivity towards H2O and O2 molecules, resulting in the degradation of the structure with physical and chemical changes. In our study, we synthesize polyethylene glycol (PEG) and glutathione-stabilized doxorubicin drug-assembled Au nanoparticle (Au-GSH-DOX)-functionalized BP nanosheets (BP-PEG@Au-GSH-DOX) with improved degradation stability, biocompatibility, and tumor-targeting ability. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy indicate the nanoscale degradation behavior of synthesized nanoconjugates in three different environmental exposure conditions, and the results demonstrate the remarkable nanoscale stability of BP-PEG@Au-GSH-DOX against the degradation of BP, which provides significant interest in employing 2D BP-based nanotherapeutic agents for tumor-targeted cancer phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaru Shimomura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Shizuoka, Japan;
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3
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Xu HZ, Chen FX, Li K, Zhang Q, Han N, Li TF, Xu YH, Chen Y, Chen X. Anti-lung cancer synergy of low-dose doxorubicin and PD-L1 blocker co-delivered via mild photothermia-responsive black phosphorus. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01595-w. [PMID: 38597996 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01595-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
We have previously identified a latent interaction mechanism between non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCC) and their associated macrophages (TAM) mediated by mutual paracrine activation of the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling. Activation of this mechanism results in TAM stimulation and PD-L1 upregulation in the NSCLCC. In the present work, we found that free DOX at a low concentration that does not cause DNA damage could activate the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB/PD-L1 pathway byinducing oxidative stress. It was thus proposed that a combination of low-dose DOX and a PD-L1 blocker delivered in the NSCLC tumor would achieve synergistic TAM stimulation and thereby synergetic anti-tumor potency. To prove this idea, DOX and BMS-202 (a PD-L1 blocker) were loaded to black phosphorus (BP) nanoparticles after dosage titration to yield the BMS-202/DOX@BP composites that rapidly disintegrated and released drug cargo upon mild photothermal heating at 40 °C. In vitro experiments then demonstrated that low-dose DOX and BMS-202 delivered via BMS-202/DOX@BP under mild photothermia displayed enhanced tumor cell toxicity with a potent synergism only in the presence of TAM. This enhanced synergism was due to an anti-tumor M1-like TAM phenotype that was synergistically induced by low dose DOX plus BMS-202 only in the presence of the tumor cells, indicating the damaged tumor cells to be the cardinal contributor to the M1-like TAM stimulation. In vivo, BMS-202/DOX@BP under mild photothermia exhibited targeted delivery to NSCLC graft tumors in mice and synergistic anti-tumor efficacy of delivered DOX and BMS-202. In conclusion, low-dose DOX in combination with a PD-L1 blocker is an effective strategy to turn TAM against their host tumor cells exploiting the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB/PD-L1 pathway. The synergetic actions involved highlight the value of TAM and the significance of modulating tumor cell-TAM cross-talk in tumor therapy. Photothermia-responsive BP provides an efficient platform to translate this strategy into targeted, efficacious tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fei-Xiang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Disease, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ke Li
- Center for Lab Teaching, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ning Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Tong-Fei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Yong-Hong Xu
- Institute of Ophthalmological Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Disease, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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4
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Garnes-Portolés F, Lloret V, Vidal-Moya JA, Löffler M, Mayrhofer KJJ, Cerón-Carrasco JP, Abellán G, Leyva-Pérez A. Few-layer black phosphorus enables nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4742-4747. [PMID: 38318612 PMCID: PMC10839751 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N2) fixation is a key reaction in biological and industrial chemistry, which does not occur spontaneously under ambient conditions but often depends on very specific catalysts and harsh reaction processes. Here we show that exposing exfoliated black phosphorus to the open air triggers, concomitantly, the oxidation of the two-dimensional (2D) material and the fixation of up to 100 parts per million (0.01%) of N2 on the surface. The fixation also occurs in pristine non-exfoliated material. Besides, other allotropic forms of phosphorus, like red P, also fixes N2 during ambient oxidation, suggesting that the N2 fixation process is intrinsic with phosphorus oxidation and does not depend on the chemical structure or the dimensionality of the solid. Despite the low amounts of N2 fixed, this serendipitous discovery could have fundamental implications on the chemistry and environmental stability of phosphorous and the design of related catalysts for N2 fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Garnes-Portolés
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain +34 9638 77809 +34 963877800
| | - Vicent Lloret
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen and Dr.-Mack Strasse 81 90762 Fürth Germany +49 91165078-65015 +49 91165078-65031
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Cauerstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - José Alejandro Vidal-Moya
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain +34 9638 77809 +34 963877800
| | - Mario Löffler
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Cauerstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Karl J J Mayrhofer
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Cauerstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jose Pedro Cerón-Carrasco
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Academia General del Aire, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena C/ Coronel López Peña S/N, Santiago de La Ribera 30720 Murcia Spain
| | - Gonzalo Abellán
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia Catedrático José Beltrán 2 46980 Paterna Valencia Spain
| | - Antonio Leyva-Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain +34 9638 77809 +34 963877800
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5
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Duleba A, Pugachev M, Blumenau M, Martanov S, Naumov M, Shupletsov A, Kuntsevich A. Inert-Atmosphere Microfabrication Technology for 2D Materials and Heterostructures. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:94. [PMID: 38258213 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Most 2D materials are unstable under ambient conditions. Assembly of van der Waals heterostructures in the inert atmosphere of the glove box with ex situ lithography partially solves the problem of device fabrication out of unstable materials. In our paper, we demonstrate an approach to the next-generation inert-atmosphere (nitrogen, <20 ppm oxygen content) fabrication setup, including optical contact mask lithography with a 2 μm resolution, metal evaporation, lift-off and placement of the sample to the cryostat for electric measurements in the same inert atmosphere environment. We consider basic construction principles, budget considerations, and showcase the fabrication and subsequent degradation of black-phosphorous-based structures within weeks. The proposed solutions are surprisingly compact and inexpensive, making them feasible for implementation in numerous 2D materials laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksandr Duleba
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail Pugachev
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Mark Blumenau
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey Martanov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Mark Naumov
- Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow 127055, Russia
| | - Aleksey Shupletsov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Kuntsevich
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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6
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Sovizi S, Angizi S, Ahmad Alem SA, Goodarzi R, Taji Boyuk MRR, Ghanbari H, Szoszkiewicz R, Simchi A, Kruse P. Plasma Processing and Treatment of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Tuning Properties and Defect Engineering. Chem Rev 2023; 123:13869-13951. [PMID: 38048483 PMCID: PMC10756211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offer fascinating opportunities for fundamental nanoscale science and various technological applications. They are a promising platform for next generation optoelectronics and energy harvesting devices due to their exceptional characteristics at the nanoscale, such as tunable bandgap and strong light-matter interactions. The performance of TMD-based devices is mainly governed by the structure, composition, size, defects, and the state of their interfaces. Many properties of TMDs are influenced by the method of synthesis so numerous studies have focused on processing high-quality TMDs with controlled physicochemical properties. Plasma-based methods are cost-effective, well controllable, and scalable techniques that have recently attracted researchers' interest in the synthesis and modification of 2D TMDs. TMDs' reactivity toward plasma offers numerous opportunities to modify the surface of TMDs, including functionalization, defect engineering, doping, oxidation, phase engineering, etching, healing, morphological changes, and altering the surface energy. Here we comprehensively review all roles of plasma in the realm of TMDs. The fundamental science behind plasma processing and modification of TMDs and their applications in different fields are presented and discussed. Future perspectives and challenges are highlighted to demonstrate the prominence of TMDs and the importance of surface engineering in next-generation optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Sovizi
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shayan Angizi
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster
University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Sayed Ali Ahmad Alem
- Chair in
Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversität
Leoben, Leoben 8700, Austria
| | - Reyhaneh Goodarzi
- School of
Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran
University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hajar Ghanbari
- School of
Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran
University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robert Szoszkiewicz
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of
Technology, 14588-89694 Tehran, Iran
- Center for
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute for Convergence Science
& Technology, Sharif University of Technology, 14588-89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Kruse
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster
University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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7
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Mitra KLW, Riehs M, Draguicevic A, Swann WA, Li CW, Velian A. Reaction Chemistry at Discrete Organometallic Fragments on Black Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311575. [PMID: 37844276 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (bP) is a two-dimensional van der Waals material unique in its potential to serve as a support for single-site catalysts due to its similarity to molecular phosphines, ligands quintessential in homogeneous catalysis. However, there is a scarcity of synthetic methods to install single metal centers on the bP lattice. Here, we demonstrate the functionalization of bP nanosheets with molecular Re and Mo complexes. A suite of characterization techniques, including infrared, X-ray photoelectron and X-ray absorption spectroscopy as well as scanning transmission electron microscopy corroborate that the functionalized nanosheets contain a high density of discrete metal centers directly bound to the bP surface. Moreover, the supported metal centers are chemically accessible and can undergo ligand exchange transformations without detaching from the surface. The steric and electronic properties of bP as a ligand are estimated with respect to molecular phosphines. Sterically, bP resembles tri(tolyl)phosphine when monodentate to a metal center, and bis(diphenylphosphino)propane when bidentate, whereas electronically bP is a σ-donor as strong as a trialkyl phosphine. This work is foundational in elucidating the nature of black phosphorus as a ligand and underscores the viability of using bP as a basis for single-site catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Riehs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrei Draguicevic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - William A Swann
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Christina W Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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8
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Cuautli C, Loeza-Ruano M, Palomino-Asencio L, García-Hernández E. DFT analysis of the adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) on pristine and oxidized phosphorene. J Mol Model 2023; 29:279. [PMID: 37581842 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bisphenol A is an endocrine disruptor that may cause harmful effects on human health. Some residues of this compound have been found in water bodies, alerting for its possible risk as an environmental pollutant. Thus, this work proposes the use of pristine and oxidized phosphorene as removers of bisphenol A, through an adsorption mechanism. Our results indicate that the main interactions exhibited by the complexes are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals, and n-π stacking. All complexes show adsorption energies less than -1.08 eV for the gas phase, and -0.65 eV for the aqueous environment, suggesting that the models may be good capturers of this pollutant. According to the electronic properties, the systems are good donators/acceptors of charge; likewise, they are suitable to sense bisphenol A, because of their changes in |LUMO-HOMO| gap energy. The values obtained suggest that the number of oxygen atoms in the models is important for their adsorption capabilities; hence, the modulation in the oxidation is significant to enhance such properties. METHODOLOGY Density functional theory calculations were implemented at the PBE-D3/TZVP level of theory in the ORCA 5.0 program, to evaluate the adsorption of bisphenol A on pristine and oxidized phosphorene models and propose the last as removers of this molecule. The visualization of the structures was done in the VMD code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cuautli
- División de Mecatrónica, Subdirección de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Zacapoaxtla, 73680, Zacapoaxtla, Puebla, México
| | - Melany Loeza-Ruano
- División de Mecatrónica, Subdirección de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Zacapoaxtla, 73680, Zacapoaxtla, Puebla, México
| | - Luz Palomino-Asencio
- División de Ingeniería Civil, Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tlatlauquitepec, 73906, Tlatlauquitepec, Puebla, México
| | - Erwin García-Hernández
- División de Mecatrónica, Subdirección de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Zacapoaxtla, 73680, Zacapoaxtla, Puebla, México.
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9
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Tian H, Wang J, Lai G, Dou Y, Gao J, Duan Z, Feng X, Wu Q, He X, Yao L, Zeng L, Liu Y, Yang X, Zhao J, Zhuang S, Shi J, Qu G, Yu XF, Chu PK, Jiang G. Renaissance of elemental phosphorus materials: properties, synthesis, and applications in sustainable energy and environment. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5388-5484. [PMID: 37455613 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01018f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The polymorphism of phosphorus-based materials has garnered much research interest, and the variable chemical bonding structures give rise to a variety of micro and nanostructures. Among the different types of materials containing phosphorus, elemental phosphorus materials (EPMs) constitute the foundation for the synthesis of related compounds. EPMs are experiencing a renaissance in the post-graphene era, thanks to recent advancements in the scaling-down of black phosphorus, amorphous red phosphorus, violet phosphorus, and fibrous phosphorus and consequently, diverse classes of low-dimensional sheets, ribbons, and dots of EPMs with intriguing properties have been produced. The nanostructured EPMs featuring tunable bandgaps, moderate carrier mobility, and excellent optical absorption have shown great potential in energy conversion, energy storage, and environmental remediation. It is thus important to have a good understanding of the differences and interrelationships among diverse EPMs, their intrinsic physical and chemical properties, the synthesis of specific structures, and the selection of suitable nanostructures of EPMs for particular applications. In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide an in-depth analysis and discussion of the fundamental physicochemical properties, synthesis, and applications of EPMs in the areas of energy conversion, energy storage, and environmental remediation. Our evaluations are based on recent literature on well-established phosphorus allotropes and theoretical predictions of new EPMs. The objective of this review is to enhance our comprehension of the characteristics of EPMs, keep abreast of recent advances, and provide guidance for future research of EPMs in the fields of chemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gengchang Lai
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanpeng Dou
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Zunbin Duan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Xingchen He
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Li Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Yanna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Shulin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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10
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Zhang G, Chen D, Lu J. A review on black-phosphorus-based composite heterojunction photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Nene A, Geng S, Zhou W, Yu XF, Luo H, Ramakrishna S. Black Phosphorous Aptamer-based Platform for Biomarker Detection. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:935-952. [PMID: 35220933 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220225110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Black phosphorus nanostructures (nano-BPs) mainly include BP nanosheets (BP NSs), BP quantum dots (BPQDs), and other nano-BPs-based particles at nanoscale. Firstly discovered in 2014, nano-BPs are one of the most popular nanomaterials. Different synthesis methods are discussed in short to understand the basic concepts and developments in synthesis. Exfoliated nano-BPs, i.e. nano-BPs possess high surface area, high photothermal conversion efficacy, excellent biocompatibility, high charge carrier mobility (~1000 cm-2V-1s-1), thermal conductivity of 86 Wm-1K-1; and these properties make it a highly potential candidate for fabrication of biosensing platform. These properties enable nano-BPs to be promising photothermal/drug delivery agents as well as in electrochemical data storage devices and sensing devices; and in super capacitors, photodetectors, photovoltaics and solar cells, LEDs, super-conductors, etc. Early diagnosis is very critical in the health sector scenarios. This review attempts to highlight the attempts made towards attaining stable BP, BP-aptamer conjugates for successful biosensing applications. BP-aptamer- based platforms are reviewed to highlight the significance of BP in detecting biological and physiological markers of cardiovascular diseases and cancer; to be useful in disease diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya Nene
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengyong Geng
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongrong Luo
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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12
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Vorfolomeeva AA, Stolyarova SG, Asanov IP, Shlyakhova EV, Plyusnin PE, Maksimovskiy EA, Gerasimov EY, Chuvilin AL, Okotrub AV, Bulusheva LG. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Red Phosphorus in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Effect of Surface and Encapsulated Phosphorus. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:153. [PMID: 36616064 PMCID: PMC9824809 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with their high surface area, electrical conductivity, mechanical strength and elasticity are an ideal component for the development of composite electrode materials for batteries. Red phosphorus has a very high theoretical capacity with respect to lithium, but has poor conductivity and expends considerably as a result of the reaction with lithium ions. In this work, we compare the electrochemical performance of commercial SWCNTs with red phosphorus deposited on the outer surface of nanotubes and/or encapsulated in internal channels of nanotubes in lithium-ion batteries. External phosphorus, condensed from vapors, is easily oxidized upon contact with the environment and only the un-oxidized phosphorus cores participate in electrochemical reactions. The support of the SWCNT network ensures a stable long-term cycling for these phosphorus particles. The tubular space inside the SWCNTs stimulate the formation of chain phosphorus structures. The chains reversibly interact with lithium ions and provide a specific capacity of 1545 mAh·g-1 (calculated on the mass of phosphorus in the sample) at a current density of 0.1 A·g-1. As compared to the sample containing external phosphorus, SWCNTs with encapsulated phosphorus demonstrate higher reaction rates and a slight loss of initial capacity (~7%) on the 1000th cycle at 5 A·g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Vorfolomeeva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana G. Stolyarova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor P. Asanov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena V. Shlyakhova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel E. Plyusnin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Maksimovskiy
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny Yu. Gerasimov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiv Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey L. Chuvilin
- CIC NanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation of Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alexander V. Okotrub
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyubov G. Bulusheva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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13
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Peng T, Xu T, Liu X. Research progress of the engagement of inorganic nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1914-1932. [PMID: 35748543 PMCID: PMC9246104 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2086940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has attracted widespread attention from scientists for its high morbidity and mortality, posing great threats to people’s health. Cancer immunotherapy with high specificity, low toxicity as well as triggering systemic anti-tumor response has gradually become common in clinical cancer treatment. However, due to the insufficient immunogenicity of tumor antigens peptides, weak ability to precisely target tumor sites, and the formation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, the efficacy of immunotherapy is often limited. In recent years, the emergence of inorganic nanomaterials makes it possible for overcoming the limitations mentioned above. With self-adjuvant properties, high targeting ability, and good biocompatibility, the inorganic nanomaterials have been integrated with cancer immunotherapy and significantly improved the therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Peng
- Postgraduate Training Base in Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Pudong New Area, China
| | - Tianzhao Xu
- Shanghai Qiansu Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Pudong New Area, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Abdelwahab I, Abdelwahab A. Black phosphorous/palladium functionalized carbon aerogel nanocomposite for highly efficient ethanol electrooxidation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31225-31234. [PMID: 36349020 PMCID: PMC9623562 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05452c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct ethanol fuel cells have great potential for practical power applications due to their easy operation, high energy density, and low toxicity. However, the slow and incomplete ethanol electrooxidation (EEO) reaction is a major drawback that hinders the development of this type of fuel cell. Here, we report a facile approach for the preparation of highly active, low cost and stable electrocatalysts based on palladium (Pd) nanoparticles and black phosphorus/palladium (BP/Pd) nanohybrids supported on a carbon aerogel (CA). The nanocomposites show remarkable catalytic performance and stability as anode electrocatalysts for EEO in an alkaline medium. A mass peak current density of 8376 mA mgPd -1 is attained for EEO on the BP/Pd/CA catalyst, which is 11.4 times higher than that of the commercial Pd/C catalyst. To gain deep insight into the structure-property relationship associated with superior electroactivity, the catalysts are well characterized in terms of morphology, surface chemistry, and catalytic activity. It is found that the BP-doped CA support provides high catalyst dispersibility, protection against leaching, and modification of the electronic and catalytic properties of Pd, while the catalyst modifies CA into a more open and conductive structure. This synergistic interaction between the support and the catalyst improves the transport of active species and electrons at the electrode/electrolyte interface, leading to rapid EEO reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abdelwahab
- Department of Chemistry, National University of SingaporeSingapore 117543Singapore
| | - Abdalla Abdelwahab
- Faculty of Science, Galala UniversitySokhnaSuez 43511Egypt,Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef 62511Egypt
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15
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Hou Y, Fei Y, Liu Z, Liu Y, Li M, Luo Z. Black phosphorous nanomaterials as a new paradigm for postoperative tumor treatment regimens. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:366. [PMID: 35953821 PMCID: PMC9367102 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgery is currently a mainstream treatment modality for various solid tumor indications. However, aggressive resection of tumor tissues frequently causes postoperative complications, which severely undermine the well-being of patients. Moreover, the residue tumor cells may substantially increase the risk of local and distant tumor relapse. The recent development in black phosphorus (BP)-based nanomaterials offers a promising opportunity to address these clinical challenges. BP is an emerging nanomaterial with excellent biocompatibility and versatile functionality, which has already demonstrated great potential for a variety of biomedical applications including tumor therapy and tissue engineering. In this review, the recent advances in BP-based nanobiomaterials for the post-surgery treatment of solid tumor have been summarized, while specific emphasis was placed on their capability to continuously inhibit residue tumor growth at the surgery site as well as stimulating various healing mechanisms, aiming to preventing tumor relapse while promoting the healing of surgery-induced traumatic soft/hard tissue injuries. It is anticipated that the nanoengineered BP-based materials may open new avenues to tackle those clinical challenges in surgical treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Hou
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Science, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yang Fei
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zehong Liu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Science, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yingqi Liu
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Menghuan Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China. .,111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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16
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Vorfolomeeva AA, Pushkarevsky NA, Koroteev VO, Surovtsev NV, Chuvilin AL, Shlyakhova EV, Plyusnin PE, Makarova AA, Okotrub AV, Bulusheva LG. Doping of Carbon Nanotubes with Encapsulated Phosphorus Chains. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9605-9614. [PMID: 35696678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a perfect host for the formation of one-dimensional phosphorus structures and to obtain hybrid materials with a large P-C ratio. This work presents a procedure for high-yield phosphorus filling of commercial Tuball SWCNTs and efficient removal of phosphorus deposits from the external nanotube surface. We probed white and red phosphorus as precursors, varied the synthesis temperature and the ampoule shape, and tested three solvents for sample purification. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy indicated crystallization of interior phosphorus in a form resembling fibrous red phosphorus. An aqueous sodium hydroxide solution allowed removing the majority of external phosphorus particles. Thermogravimetric analysis of the product determined ∼23 wt % (∼10 atom %) of phosphorus, and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data showed that ca. 80% of it is in the form of elemental phosphorus. Externally purified SWCNTs filled with phosphorus were used to study the interaction between the components. Raman spectroscopy and core-level XPS revealed p-type SWCNT doping. Valence-band XPS data and density functional theory calculations confirmed the transfer of the SWCNT electron density to the encapsulated phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Vorfolomeeva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Pushkarevsky
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Victor O Koroteev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay V Surovtsev
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, SB RAS, 1 Koptyug Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey L Chuvilin
- CIC NanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, E-20018 Donostia─San Sebastian, Spain.,Basque Foundation of Science, IKERBASQUE, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Elena V Shlyakhova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel E Plyusnin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna A Makarova
- Physikalische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander V Okotrub
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyubov G Bulusheva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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17
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Abstract
Layered van der Waals (vdW) materials have attracted significant attention due to their materials properties that can enhance diverse applications including next-generation computing, biomedical devices, and energy conversion and storage technologies. This class of materials is typically studied in the two-dimensional (2D) limit by growing them directly on bulk substrates or exfoliating them from parent layered crystals to obtain single or few layers that preserve the original bonding. However, these vdW materials can also function as a platform for obtaining additional phases of matter at the nanoscale. Here, we introduce and review a synthesis paradigm, morphotaxy, where low-dimensional materials are realized by using the shape of an initial nanoscale precursor to template growth or chemical conversion. Using morphotaxy, diverse non-vdW materials such as HfO2 or InF3 can be synthesized in ultrathin form by changing the composition but preserving the shape of the original 2D layered material. Morphotaxy can also enable diverse atomically precise heterojunctions and other exotic structures such as Janus materials. Using this morphotaxial approach, the family of low-dimensional materials can be substantially expanded, thus creating vast possibilities for future fundamental studies and applied technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dmitry Lebedev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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18
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Fu J, Liu T, Feng X, Zhou Y, Chen M, Wang W, Zhao Y, Lu C, Quan G, Cai J, Pan X, Wu C. A Perfect Pair: Stabilized Black Phosphorous Nanosheets Engineering with Antimicrobial Peptides for Robust Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Eradication. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101846. [PMID: 35114076 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets emerged as promising 2D nanomaterial that have been applied to eradicate antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, their applications are limited by intrinsic ambient instability. Here, the ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL)-engineered BP nanosheets are constructed via simple electrostatic interaction to cater the demand for passivating BP with amplified antibacterial activity. The dual drug-delivery complex named BP@ε-PL can closely anchor onto the surface of bacteria, leading to membrane disintegration. Subsequently, in situ hyperthermia generated by BP under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation can precisely eradicate pathogenic bacteria. In vitro antibacterial studies verify the rapid disinfection ability of BP@ε-PL against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) within 15 min. Moreover, ε-PL can serve as an effective protector to avoid chemical degradation of bare BP. The in vivo antibacterial study shows that a 99.4% antibacterial rate in a MRSA skin infection model is achieved, which is accompanied by negligible toxicity. In conclusion, this work not merely provides a new conjecture for protecting the BP, but also opens a novel window for synergistic antibiotic-resistant bacteria therapy based on antimicrobial peptides and 2D photothermal nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiaoqian Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yixian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Minglong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yiting Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Guilan Quan
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
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19
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Joshi P, Li R, Spellberg JL, Liang L, King SB. Nanoimaging of the Edge-Dependent Optical Polarization Anisotropy of Black Phosphorus. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3180-3186. [PMID: 35380445 PMCID: PMC9052752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure and functionality of 2D materials is highly sensitive to structural morphology, not only opening the possibility for manipulating material properties but also making predictable and reproducible functionality challenging. Black phosphorus (BP), a corrugated orthorhombic 2D material, has in-plane optical absorption anisotropy critical for applications, such as directional photonics, plasmonics, and waveguides. Here, we use polarization-dependent photoemission electron microscopy to visualize the anisotropic optical absorption of BP with 54 nm spatial resolution. We find the edges of BP flakes have a shift in their optical polarization anisotropy from the flake interior due to the 1D confinement and symmetry reduction at flake edges that alter the electronic charge distributions and transition dipole moments of edge electronic states, confirmed with first-principles calculations. These results uncover previously hidden modification of the polarization-dependent absorbance at the edges of BP, highlighting the opportunity for selective excitation of edge states of 2D materials with polarized light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakriti
P. Joshi
- James
Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Ruiyu Li
- James
Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Joseph L. Spellberg
- James
Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Liangbo Liang
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 United States
| | - Sarah B. King
- James
Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
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20
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Rybkovskiy DV, Koroteev VO, Impellizzeri A, Vorfolomeeva AA, Gerasimov EY, Okotrub AV, Chuvilin A, Bulusheva LG, Ewels CP. "Missing" One-Dimensional Red-Phosphorus Chains Encapsulated within Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6002-6012. [PMID: 35377145 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We identify the "missing" 1D-phosphorus allotrope, red phosphorus chains, formed in the interior of tip-opened single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Via a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study we show that in intermediate diameter cavities (1.6-2.9 nm), phosphorus vapor condenses into linear P8]P2 chains and fibrous red-phosphorus type cross-linked double-chains. Thermogravimetric and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis estimates ∼7 atom % of elemental phosphorus in the sample, while high-resolution energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping reveals that phosphorus fills the SWCNTs. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) shows long chains inside the nanotubes with varying arrangement and packing density. A detailed match is obtained between density functional theory (DFT) simulations, HRTEM, and low-frequency Raman spectroscopy. Notably, a signature spectroscopic signal for phosphorus chain cross-linking is identified. When coupled with reinterpretation of literature data and wide-ranging DFT calculations, these results reveal a comprehensive picture of the diameter dependence of confined 1D-phosphorus allotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Rybkovskiy
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - V O Koroteev
- CIC NanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, E-20018 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - A Impellizzeri
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - A A Vorfolomeeva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiv Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E Yu Gerasimov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiv Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Okotrub
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiv Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A Chuvilin
- CIC NanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, E-20018 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Basque Foundation of Science, IKERBASQUE, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - L G Bulusheva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiv Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - C P Ewels
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
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21
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Liu X, Rahn MS, Ruan Q, Yakobson BI, Hersam MC. Probing borophene oxidation at the atomic scale. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:235702. [PMID: 35180715 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac56bd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional boron (i.e. borophene) holds promise for a variety of emerging nanoelectronic and quantum technologies. Since borophene is synthesized under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions, it is critical that the chemical stability and structural integrity of borophene in oxidizing environments are understood for practical borophene-based applications. In this work, we assess the mechanism of borophene oxidation upon controlled exposure to air and molecular oxygen in UHV via scanning tunneling microscopy andspectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. While borophene catastrophically degrades almost instantaneously upon exposure to air, borophene undergoes considerably more controlled oxidation when exposed to molecular oxygen in UHV. In particular, UHV molecular oxygen dosing results in single-atom covalent modification of the borophene basal plane in addition to disordered borophene edge oxidation that shows altered electronic characteristics. By comparing these experimental observations with density functional theory calculations, further atomistic insight is gained including pathways for molecular oxygen dissociation, surface diffusion, and chemisorption to borophene. Overall, this study provides an atomic-scale perspective of borophene oxidation that will inform ongoing efforts to passivate and utilize borophene in ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States of America
| | - Matthew S Rahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States of America
| | - Qiyuan Ruan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, and Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, and Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States of America
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22
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Zhao Y, Sun Z, Zhang B, Yan Q. Unveiling the Degradation Chemistry of Fibrous Red Phosphorus under Ambient Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9925-9932. [PMID: 35138816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The practical applications of fibrous red phosphorus (FRP), an emerging quasi-one-dimensional material, might be hindered by its environmental instability. Although other phosphorus allotropes such as white phosphorus, violet phosphorus, and black phosphorus are reported unstable under ambient conditions, the chemical stability of FRP remains unexplored. Herein, we investigate the degradation chemistry of FRP by combining experimental study and density functional theory calculations. The results reveal that both oxygen and water can react with FRP, while light illumination may accelerate these reactions. Furthermore, the degradation behavior of FRP shows a pseudo-first-order reaction in oxygenated water, while it follows a pseudo-zero-order reaction in deoxygenated water. Such different reaction kinetics originates from the preferable dissociative adsorption behaviors of O2 molecular and H2O molecular on a FRP surface or at a FRP edge. A covalent modification approach using an aryl diazonium salt was adopted to passivate the surface of FRP flakes and significantly enhance their stability in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhaojian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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23
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Shi Z, Tang J, Lin C, Chen T, Zhang F, Huang Y, Luan P, Xin Z, Li Q, Mei L. Construction of iron-mineralized black phosphorene nanosheet to combinate chemodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:624-636. [PMID: 35174748 PMCID: PMC8856058 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2039810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) by triggering Fenton reaction or Fenton-like reaction to generate hazardous hydroxyl radical (•OH), is a promising strategy to selectively inhibit tumors with higher H2O2 levels and relatively acidic microenvironment. Current Fe-based Fenton nanocatalysts mostly depend on slowly releasing iron ions from Fe or Fe oxide-based nanoparticles, which leads to a limited rate of Fenton reaction. Herein, we employed black phosphorene nanosheets (BPNS), a biocompatible and biodegradable photothermal material, to develop iron-mineralized black phosphorene nanosheet (BPFe) by in situ deposition method for chemodynamic and photothermal combination cancer therapy. This study demonstrated that the BPFe could selectively increase cytotoxic ·OH in tumor cells whereas having no influence on normal cells. The IC50 of BPFe for tested tumor cells was about 3–6 μg/mL, which was at least one order of magnitude lower than previous Fe-based Fenton nanocatalysts. The low H2O2 level in normal mammalian cells guaranteed the rare cytotoxicity of BPFe. Moreover, the combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) with CDT based on BPFe was proved to kill tumors more potently with spatiotemporal accuracy, which exhibited excellent anti-tumor effects in xenografted MCF-7 tumor mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuchu Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxing Huang
- School of Material Science and Engineering and Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Luan
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital and Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuo Xin
- School of Material Science and Engineering and Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Lin Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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24
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Kumar J, Shrivastava M. First-Principles Molecular Dynamics Insight into the Atomic Level Degradation Pathway of Phosphorene. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:696-704. [PMID: 35036736 PMCID: PMC8756585 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite its remarkable properties, phosphorene is not promising for device application due to its instability or gradual degradation under ambient conditions. The issue still persists, and no technological solution is available to address this degradation due to a lack of clarity about degradation dynamics at the atomic level. Here, we discuss atomic level degradation dynamics of phosphorene under ambient conditions while investigating the involvement of degrading agents like oxygen and water using density functional theory and first-principles molecular dynamics computations. The study reveals that the oxygen molecule dissociates spontaneously over pristine phosphorene in an ambient environment, resulting in an exothermic reaction, which is boosted further by increasing the partial pressure and temperature. The surface reaction is mainly due to the lone pair electrons of phosphorous atoms, making the degradation directional and spontaneous under oxygen atoms. We also found that while the pristine phosphorene is hydrophobic, it becomes hydrophilic after surface oxidation. Furthermore, water molecules play a vital role in the degradation process by changing the reaction dynamics path of the phosphorene-oxygen interaction and reducing the activation energy and reaction energy due to its catalyzing action. In addition, our study reveals the role of phosphorous vacancies in the degradation, which we found to act as an epicenter for the observed oxidation. The oxygen attacks directly over the vacant site and reacts faster compared to its pristine counterpart. As a result, phosphorene edges resembling extended vacancy are prominent reaction sites that oxidize anisotropically due to different bond angle strains. Our study clears the ambiguities in the kinetics of phosphorene degradation, which will help engineer passivation techniques to make phosphorene devices stable in the ambient environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevesh Kumar
- Department of Electronic
Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mayank Shrivastava
- Department of Electronic
Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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25
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Effective removal of water-soluble methylated arsenic contaminants with phosphorene oxide nanoflakes: A DFT study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Wu SY, Qian RL, Ma CL, Shan Y, Wu YJ, Wu XY, Zhang JL, Zhu XB, Ji HT, Qu CY, Hou F, Liu LZ. Photoluminescence and magnetism integrated multifunctional black phosphorus probes through controllable PO bond orbital hybridization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22476-22482. [PMID: 34586129 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03155d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biological probes with integrated photoluminescence and magnetism characteristics play a critical role in modern clinical diagnosis and surgical protocols combining fluorescence optical imaging (FOI) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology. However, traditional magnetic semiconductors can easily generate a spin splitting at the Fermi level and half-metallic electronic occupation, which will sharply reduce the radiation recombination efficiency of photogenerated carriers. To overcome this intrinsic contradiction, we propose a controllable oxidation strategy to introduce some particular PO bonds into black phosphorus nanosheets, in which the p orbital hybridization between P and O atoms not only provides some carrier recombination centers but also leads to a room-temperature spin polarization. As a result, the coexistence of photoluminescence and magnetism is realized in multifunctional black phosphorus probes with excellent biocompatibility. This work provides a new insight into integrating photoluminescence and magnetism together by intriguing atomic orbital hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - R L Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - C L Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Y Shan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Nanjing, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China.
| | - Y J Wu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - X Y Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - J L Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - X B Zhu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Suzhou Vocational University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215104, China
| | - H T Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - C Y Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - F Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - L Z Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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27
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Zuluaga-Hernandez EA, Mora-Ramos ME, Correa JD, Flórez E. Phosphorene and phosphorene oxides as a toxic gas sensor materials: a theoretical study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:455501. [PMID: 34375965 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac1c2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study of the adsorption of several harmful gases (CO2, NO, SO2, NH3y H2S) onto black phosphorene and three different black phosphorene oxides (BPO) is carried out through density functional theory calculations. In general, it is shown that BPOs are more suitable adsorbents than pure black phosphorene. Smaller values of adsorption energy correspond to CO2molecules, whilst those exhibiting larger ones are NH3, H2S, NO y SO2. It is found that SO2shows the greater difference in electronic charge transfer as well as the longer time of recovery among all species, being an electron acceptor molecule. Besides, it is revealed that physisorption induces changes of different order in the electronic, magnetic and optical responses of phosphorene systems involved. Greater changes in the electronic structure are produced in the case of NO adsorption. In that case, semiconductor nature and magnetization features of black phosphorene band structure become significantly modified. Moreover, a notorious effect of an externally applied electric field on the molecule adsorption onto BPOs has been detected. In accordance, adsorption energy changes with the applied electric field direction, in such a way that the higher value is favored through an upwards-directed orientation of NO y SO2adsorbates. Results presented could help to enhancing the understanding of BPOs as possible candidates for applications in gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M E Mora-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - J D Correa
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - E Flórez
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
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28
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Huang X, Li Y, Li D, Zhou X, Qiao H, Yang L, Ji Y, Zhang X, Huang D, Chen W. Black phosphorus assisted polyionic micelles with efficient PTX loading for remotely controlled release and synergistic treatment of drug-resistant tumors. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6108-6115. [PMID: 34369491 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01033f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines have been widely used in the effective delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs due to their advantages such as increasing the half-life of drugs, selectively targeting tumor tissues, and thus reducing systemic toxicity. However, the low drug entrapment rate and the difficulty of real-controlled release at tumor sites hinder their further clinical translations. Here we have developed biodegradable polyionic micelles (PD-M) to facilitate black phosphorus (BP) encapsulation (PD-M@BP) for improved drug loading. With the introduction of BP, PTX-loaded PD-M@BP (PD-M@BP/PTX) with sizes of 124-162 nm exhibited superior encapsulation efficiency over 94% and excellent colloidal stability. Meanwhile, PD-M well protected BP from fast degradation to show the good photothermal performance under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, thus achieving the remotely controlled fast PTX release due to micelle core melting and dissociation, accompanied by the synergistic photothermal tumor therapy. The in vivo results demonstrated that the PD-M@BP/PTX nanosystem not only realized significant inhibition of multi-drug resistant (MDR) cervical tumors (HeLa/PTXR tumor) by remote NIR-regulation, but also reduced the potential damage of chemotherapeutic drugs to the whole body, rendering these hybrid nanosystems as great tools to treat MDR tumors synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yanfei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Dengyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Haishi Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Lifen Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yicheng Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Dechun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China. and Engineering Research Center for Smart Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China. and Engineering Research Center for Smart Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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29
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Liu Y, Li J, Li J, Yi S, Ge X, Zhang X, Luo J. Shear-Induced Interfacial Structural Conversion Triggers Macroscale Superlubricity: From Black Phosphorus Nanoflakes to Phosphorus Oxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31947-31956. [PMID: 34190525 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a new two-dimensional (2D) material, black phosphorus (BP) exhibits great potential for friction reduction. However, achieving macroscale superlubricity with a BP coating remains a great challenge. In this study, we designed a new lubrication system to achieve superlubricity with a BP coating at the macroscale, involving the formation of a BP coating with deposited BP nanoflakes, followed by water lubrication. Robust superlubricity with a coefficient of friction of 0.001 can be achieved on the BP coating in a pure water environment. The superlubricity mechanism is mainly attributed to the shear-induced interfacial structural conversion of BP to phosphorus oxide, leading to the formation of tribofilms on the friction pairs with extremely low shear strength. This finding provides a new strategy for achieving superlubricity of 2D material coatings at the macroscale, which has important implications for the development of novel superlubrication systems for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangyu Ge
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianbin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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30
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Mahdavifar Z. Prediction of unexpected B n P n structures: promising materials for non-linear optical devices and photocatalytic activities. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2846-2861. [PMID: 36134180 PMCID: PMC9417267 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a modern method of crystal structure prediction, namely USPEX conjugated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, was used to predict the new stable structures of B n P n (n = 12, 24) clusters. Since B12N12 and B24N24 fullerenes have been synthesized experimentally, it motivated us to explore the structural prediction of B12P12 and B24P24 clusters. All new structures were predicted to be energetically favorable with negative binding energy in the range from -4.7 to -4.8 eV per atom, suggesting good experimental feasibility for the synthesis of these structures. Our search for the most stable structure of B n P n clusters led us to classify the predicted structures into two completely distinct structures such as α-B n P n and β-B n P n phases. In α-B n P n , each phosphorus atom is doped into a boron atom, whereas B atoms form a B n unit. On the other hand, each boron atom in the β-phase was bonded to a phosphorus atom to make a fullerene-like cage structure. Besides, theoretical simulations determined that α-B n P n structures, especially α-B24P24, show superior oxidation resistance and also, both α-B n P n and β-B n P n exhibit better thermal stability; the upper limit temperature that structures can tolerance is 900 K. The electronic properties of new compounds illustrate a higher degree of absorption in the UV and visible-region with the absorption coefficient larger than 105 cm-1, which suggests a wide range of opportunities for advanced optoelectronic applications. The β-B n P n phase has suitable band alignments in the visible-light excitation region, which will produce enhanced photocatalytic activities. On the other hand, α-B n P n structures with modest band gap exhibit large second hyperpolarizability, which are anticipated to have excellent potential as second-order non-linear optical (NLO) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabiollah Mahdavifar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz Iran +98-611-3331042
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31
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Galicia Hernandez JM, Sanchez JG, Fernandez Escamilla HN, Cocoletzi GH, Takeuchi N. First-principles studies of the strain-induced band-gap tuning in black phosphorene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:175502. [PMID: 33470975 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abdd62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using first-principles calculations, we have studied the band-gap modulation as function of applied strain in black phosphorene (BP). Dynamical stability has been assessed as well. Three cases have been considered, in the first and second, the strain was applied uniaxially, in thex- andy-axis, separately. In the third, an isotropic in-plane strain was analyzed. Different strain percentages have been considered, ranging from 4% to 20%. The evolution of the band-gap is studied by using standard DFT and the G0W0approach. The band-gap increases for small strains but then decreases for higher strains. A change in electronic behavior also takes place: the strained systems change from direct to indirect band-gap semiconductor, which is explained in terms of thesandp-orbitals overlap. Our study shows that BP is a system with a broad range of applications: in band-gap engineering, or as part of van der Waals heterostructures with materials of larger lattice parameters. Its stability, and direct band-gap behavior are not affected for less than 16% of uniaxial and biaxial strain. Our findings show that phosphorene could be deposited in a large number of substrates without losing its semiconductor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Mario Galicia Hernandez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 14, Ensenada, Baja California, 22800, Mexico
- Instituto de Física ‛Ing. Luis Rivera Terrazas', Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Blvd. 18 Sur, Puebla, 72570, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Guerrero Sanchez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 14, Ensenada, Baja California, 22800, Mexico
| | - Hector Noe Fernandez Escamilla
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 14, Ensenada, Baja California, 22800, Mexico
| | - Gregorio Hernandez Cocoletzi
- Instituto de Física ‛Ing. Luis Rivera Terrazas', Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Blvd. 18 Sur, Puebla, 72570, Mexico
| | - Noboru Takeuchi
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 14, Ensenada, Baja California, 22800, Mexico
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32
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Walz Mitra KL, Chang CH, Hanrahan MP, Yang J, Tofan D, Holden WM, Govind N, Seidler GT, Rossini AJ, Velian A. Surface Functionalization of Black Phosphorus with Nitrenes: Identification of P=N Bonds by Using Isotopic Labeling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kendahl L. Walz Mitra
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 4000 15th Ave NE Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Christine H. Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Michael P. Hanrahan
- US DOE Ames Laboratory and Department of Chemistry Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Jiaying Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 4000 15th Ave NE Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Daniel Tofan
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 4000 15th Ave NE Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | | | | | | | - Aaron J. Rossini
- US DOE Ames Laboratory and Department of Chemistry Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 4000 15th Ave NE Seattle WA 98195 USA
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33
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Walz Mitra KL, Chang CH, Hanrahan MP, Yang J, Tofan D, Holden WM, Govind N, Seidler GT, Rossini AJ, Velian A. Surface Functionalization of Black Phosphorus with Nitrenes: Identification of P=N Bonds by Using Isotopic Labeling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9127-9134. [PMID: 33338295 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface functionalization of two-dimensional crystals is a key path to tuning their intrinsic physical and chemical properties. However, synthetic protocols and experimental strategies to directly probe chemical bonding in modified surfaces are scarce. Introduced herein is a mild, surface-specific protocol for the surface functionalization of few-layer black phosphorus nanosheets using a family of photolytically generated nitrenes (RN) from the corresponding azides. By embedding spectroscopic tags in the organic backbone, a multitude of characterization techniques are employed to investigate in detail the chemical structure of the modified nanosheets, including vibrational, X-ray photoelectron, solid state 31 P NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. To directly probe the functional groups introduced on the surface, R fragments were selected such that in conjunction with vibrational spectroscopy, 15 N-labeling experiments, and DFT methods, diagnostic P=N vibrational modes indicative of iminophosphorane units on the nanosheet surface could be conclusively identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendahl L Walz Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christine H Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Michael P Hanrahan
- US DOE Ames Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jiaying Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Daniel Tofan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - William M Holden
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Gerald T Seidler
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- US DOE Ames Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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34
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Tofan D, Sakazaki Y, Walz Mitra KL, Peng R, Lee S, Li M, Velian A. Surface Modification of Black Phosphorus with Group 13 Lewis Acids for Ambient Protection and Electronic Tuning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tofan
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 4000 15th Ave NE Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Yukako Sakazaki
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 4000 15th Ave NE Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Kendahl L. Walz Mitra
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 4000 15th Ave NE Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Ruoming Peng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Physics University of Washington Paul Allen Center 185 E Stevens Way NE Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Seokhyeong Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Physics University of Washington Paul Allen Center 185 E Stevens Way NE Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Physics University of Washington Paul Allen Center 185 E Stevens Way NE Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 4000 15th Ave NE Seattle WA 98195 USA
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35
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Molle A, Faraone G, Lamperti A, Chiappe D, Cinquanta E, Martella C, Bonera E, Scalise E, Grazianetti C. Stability and universal encapsulation of epitaxial Xenes. Faraday Discuss 2021; 227:171-183. [PMID: 33295345 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00121b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the realm of two-dimensional material frameworks, single-element graphene-like lattices, known as Xenes, pose several issues concerning their environmental stability, with implications for their use in technology transfer to a device layout. In this Discussion, we scrutinize the chemical reactivity of epitaxial silicene, taken as a case in point, in oxygen-rich environments. The oxidation of silicene is detailed by means of a photoemission spectroscopy study upon carefully dosing molecular oxygen under vacuum and subsequent exposure to ambient conditions, showing different chemical reactivity. We therefore propose a sequential Al2O3 encapsulation of silicene as a solution to face degradation, proving its effectiveness by virtue of the interaction between silicene and a silver substrate. Based on this method, we generalize our encapsulation scheme to a large number of metal-supported Xenes by taking into account the case of epitaxial phosphorene-on-gold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Molle
- CNR-IMM, Unit of Agrate Brianza, Via C. Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza, Italy.
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Miao Y, Wang X, Sun J, Yan Z. Recent advances in the biomedical applications of black phosphorus quantum dots. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1532-1550. [PMID: 36132555 PMCID: PMC9417954 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01003k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zero-dimensional (0D) black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs), the new derivatives of black phosphorus (BP) nanomaterials, have attracted considerable attention since they were first prepared in 2015. Compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) BP nanosheets, BPQDs exhibit some unique properties and demonstrate great potential for a broad range of applications, especially in the field of biomedicine. Due to the rapid development and substantial research interest in this area, it is urgent to review the current advances, challenges and near-future possibilities of BPQD-related biomedical research, which will benefit the further development of this field. This review is mainly focused on the latest progress of BPQD related applications in the biomedical field, including photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), drug delivery, biological imaging, etc. The challenges and future prospects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Miao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250000 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250000 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250000 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Zhong Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
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Tofan D, Sakazaki Y, Walz Mitra KL, Peng R, Lee S, Li M, Velian A. Surface Modification of Black Phosphorus with Group 13 Lewis Acids for Ambient Protection and Electronic Tuning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8329-8336. [PMID: 33480169 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein we introduce a facile, solution-phase protocol to modify the Lewis basic surface of few-layer black phosphorus (bP) and demonstrate its effectiveness at providing ambient stability and tuning of electronic properties. Commercially available group 13 Lewis acids that range in electrophilicity, steric bulk, and Pearson hard/soft-ness are evaluated. The nature of the interaction between the Lewis acids and the bP lattice is investigated using a range of microscopic (optical, atomic force, scanning electron) and spectroscopic (energy dispersive, X-ray photoelectron) methods. Al and Ga halides are most effective at preventing ambient degradation of bP (>84 h for AlBr3 ), and the resulting field-effect transistors show excellent IV characteristics, photocurrent, and current stability, and are significantly p-doped. This protocol, chemically matched to bP and compatible with device fabrication, opens a path for deterministic and persistent tuning of the electronic properties in bP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tofan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yukako Sakazaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kendahl L Walz Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ruoming Peng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Physics, University of Washington, Paul Allen Center, 185 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Seokhyeong Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Physics, University of Washington, Paul Allen Center, 185 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Physics, University of Washington, Paul Allen Center, 185 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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38
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van Druenen M, Collins T, Davitt F, Doherty J, Collins G, Sofer Z, Holmes JD. Stabilization of Black Phosphorus by Sonication-Assisted Simultaneous Exfoliation and Functionalization. Chemistry 2020; 26:17581-17587. [PMID: 33006155 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) has extraordinary properties, but its ambient instability remains a critical challenge. Functionalization has been employed to overcome the sensitivity of BP to ambient conditions while preserving its properties. Herein, a simultaneous exfoliation-functionalization process is reported that functionalizes BP flakes during exfoliation and thus provides increased protection, which can be attributed to minimal exposure of the flakes to ambient oxygen and water. A tetrabutylammonium salt was employed for intercalation of BP, resulting in the formation of flakes with large lateral dimensions. The addition of an aryl iodide or an aryl iodonium salt to the exfoliation solvent creates a scalable strategy for the production of functionalized few-layer BP flakes. The ambient stability of functionalized BP was prolonged to a period of one week, as revealed by STEM, AFM, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maart van Druenen
- School of Chemistry, Environmental Research Institute &, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland.,Central Laboratories, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,AMBER@CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Timothy Collins
- School of Chemistry, Environmental Research Institute &, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland.,Central Laboratories, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,AMBER@CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Fionán Davitt
- School of Chemistry, Environmental Research Institute &, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland.,Central Laboratories, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,AMBER@CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Jessica Doherty
- School of Chemistry, Environmental Research Institute &, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland.,Central Laboratories, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,AMBER@CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Gillian Collins
- School of Chemistry, Environmental Research Institute &, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland.,Central Laboratories, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,AMBER@CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Justin D Holmes
- School of Chemistry, Environmental Research Institute &, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland.,Central Laboratories, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,AMBER@CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
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Chen X, Zhang J, Huang C, Wu Q, Wu J, Xia L, Xu Q, Yao W. Modification of Black Phosphorus Nanosheets with a Ni-Containing Carbon Layer as Efficient and Stable Hydrogen Production Electrocatalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54619-54626. [PMID: 33226204 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Few-layered black phosphorus (FP) has recently attracted extensive research in the energy and materials fields. However, because of its chemically unstable nature under ambient conditions, very positive hydrogen adsorption energy and less active sites, FP has not been an efficient catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this research, we have developed a new strategy to overcome FP's drawbacks and to make it an active and stable HER catalyst. Our approach is to deposit a Ni2+-anchored thin carbon layer onto the surface of FP via controlled decarboxylation of Ni ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Ni-EDTA). The carbon layer on the surface of FP prevents it from making direct contact with its external environment, thereby greatly improving its stability. At the same time, transition-metal Ni that is dispersed in its carbon layer changes its hydrogen adsorption energy so as to improve its electrocatalytic activity. The prepared FP@Ni-C shows an outstanding HER performance with an overpotential of only 284 mV to obtain 10 mA cm-2 current density with excellent electrocatalytic stability. The FP@Ni-C catalyst showed almost no activity loss during a 12 h catalyst life test. This study provides a new approach to the synthesis of highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts based on two-dimensional materials, using a facile catalyst preparation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
| | - Cunping Huang
- Aviation Fuels Research Laboratory, FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey 08405, United States
| | - Qiang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
| | - Ligang Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
| | - Qunjie Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200090, PR China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Heat-exchange System and Energy Saving, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200090, PR China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Heat-exchange System and Energy Saving, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
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40
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Gómez-Pérez JF, Correa JD, Pravda CB, Kónya Z, Kukovecz Á. Dangling-to-Interstitial Oxygen Transition and Its Modifications of the Electronic Structure in Few-Layer Phosphorene. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c06542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Gómez-Pérez
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Julián D. Correa
- Universidad de Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Medellín 050026 Colombia
| | - Cora Bartus Pravda
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ákos Kukovecz
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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41
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Liu Y, Zhu D, Zhu X, Cai G, Wu J, Chen M, Du P, Chen Y, Liu W, Yang S. Enhancing the photodynamic therapy efficacy of black phosphorus nanosheets by covalently grafting fullerene C 60. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11435-11442. [PMID: 34094386 PMCID: PMC8162772 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03349a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Few-layer black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets show potential application in biomedicine such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), and are therefore commonly used in anticancer therapy and nanomedicine due to being relatively less invasive. However, they suffer from low ambient stability and poor therapeutic efficacy. Herein, C60 was covalently grafted onto the edges of BP nanosheets, and the resultant BP-C60 hybrid was applied as a novel endocytosing photosensitizer, resulting in not only significantly enhanced PDT efficacy relative to that of the pristine BP nanosheets, but also drastically improved stability in a physiological environment, as confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo studies. Such improved stability was due to shielding effect of the stable hydrophobic C60 molecules. The enhanced PDT efficacy is interpreted from the photoinduced electron transfer from BP to C60, leading to the promoted generation of ˙OH radicals, acting as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is effective in killing tumor cells. Furthermore, the BP-C60 hybrid exhibited low systemic toxicity in the major organs of mice. The BP-C60 hybrid represents the first BP-fullerene hybrid nanomaterial fulfilling promoted ROS generation and consequently enhanced PDT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Daoming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Gaoke Cai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yongshun Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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42
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Robust Carbon-Stabilization of Few-Layer Black Phosphorus for Superior Oxygen Evolution Reaction. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10070695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Few-layer exfoliated black phosphorus (Ex-BP) has attracted tremendous attention owing to its promising applications, including in electrocatalysis. However, it remains a challenge to directly use few-layer Ex-BP as oxygen-involved electrocatalyst because it is quite difficult to restrain structural degradation caused by spontaneous oxidation and keep it stable. Here, a robust carbon-stabilization strategy has been implemented to prepare carbon-coated Ex-BP/N-doped graphene nanosheet (Ex-BP/NGS@C) nanostructures at room temperature, which exhibit superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity under alkaline conditions. Specifically, the as-synthesized Ex-BP/NGS@C hybrid presents a low overpotential of 257 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 52 mV dec−1 and shows high durability after long-term testing.
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43
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Phosphorene: a Potential 2D Material for Highly Efficient Polysulfide Trapping and Conversion. Chem Res Chin Univ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-020-0180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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Phakatkar AH, Firlar E, Alzate L, Song B, Narayanan S, Rojaee R, Foroozan T, Deivanayagam R, Banner DJ, Shahbazian-Yassar R, Shokuhfar T. TEM Studies on Antibacterial Mechanisms of Black Phosphorous Nanosheets. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:3071-3085. [PMID: 32431502 PMCID: PMC7200252 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s237816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are gaining tremendous attention as novel antibacterial platforms to combat against continuously evolving antimicrobial resistance levels. Among the family of 2D nanomaterials, black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets have demonstrated promising potential for biomedical applications. However, there is a need to gain nanoscale insights of the antibacterial activity of BP nanosheets which lies at the center of technical challenges. METHODS Ultra-large BP nanosheets were synthesized by liquid-exfoliation method in the eco-friendly deoxygenated water. Synthesized BP nanosheets were characterized by TEM, AFM, and Raman spectroscopy techniques and their chemical stability was evaluated by EDS and EELS elemental analysis. The antibacterial activity of BP nanosheets was evaluated at nanoscale by the ultramicrotome TEM technique. Further, HAADF-STEM image and EDS elemental line map of the damaged bacterium were utilized to analyze the presence of diagnostic ions. Supportive SEM and ATR-FTIR studies were carried out to confirm the bacterial cell wall damage. In vitro colony counting method was utilized to evaluate the antibacterial performance of ultra-large BP nanosheets. RESULTS Elemental EELS and EDS analysis of BP nanosheets stored in deoxygenated water confirmed the absence of oxygen peak. TEM studies indicate the various events of bacterial cell damage with the lost cellular metabolism and structural integrity. Colony counting test results show that as-synthesized BP nanosheets (100 μg/mL) can kill ~95% bacteria within 12 hours. CONCLUSION TEM studies demonstrate the various events of E. coli membrane damage and the loss of structural integrity. These events include the BP nanosheets interaction with the bacterial cell wall, cytoplasmic leakage, detachment of cytoplasm from the cell membrane, reduced density of lipid bilayer and agglomerated DNA structure. The EDS elemental line mapping of the damaged bacterium confirms the disrupted cell membrane permeability and the lost cellular metabolism. SEM micrographs and ATR-FTIR supportive results confirm the bacterial cell wall damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit H Phakatkar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
| | - Emre Firlar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854, USA
| | - Laura Alzate
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
| | - Boao Song
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
| | - Surya Narayanan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
| | - Ramin Rojaee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
| | - Tara Foroozan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
| | | | - David James Banner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
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45
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Xu W, Gan L, Wang R, Wu X, Xu H. Surface Adsorption and Vacancy in Tuning the Properties of Tellurene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:19110-19115. [PMID: 32233411 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The emerging two-dimensional tellurene has been demonstrated to be a promising candidate for photoelectronic devices. However, there is a lack of comprehensive insight into the effects of vacancies and common adsorbates (i.e., O2 and H2O) in ambient conditions, which play a crucial role in semiconducting devices. In this work, with the aid of first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that H2O and O2 molecules behave qualitatively differently on tellurene, while water adsorption can be remarkably promoted by adjacent preadsorbed O2. Upon the formation of Te vacancies, the adsorption of both O2 and H2O molecules is enhanced. More importantly, the existence of H2O and Te vacancies can dramatically facilitate the dissociation of O2, suggesting that tellurene may be readily oxidized in humid conditions. In addition, it is found that the electronic properties of tellurene are well preserved upon either H2O or O2 adsorption on the surface. In sharp contrast, vacancies enable significant modification on the band structure. Specifically, an indirect-to-direct band gap transition is found at a vacancy concentration of 5.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangping Xu
- Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Liyong Gan
- Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Wu
- Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Hu Xu
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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Caporali M, Serrano-Ruiz M, Telesio F, Heun S, Verdini A, Cossaro A, Dalmiglio M, Goldoni A, Peruzzini M. Enhanced ambient stability of exfoliated black phosphorus by passivation with nickel nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:275708. [PMID: 32235041 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab851e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery, the environmental instability of exfoliated black phosphorus (2D bP) has emerged as a challenge that hampers its wide application in chemistry, physics, and materials science. Many studies have been carried out to overcome this drawback. Here we show a relevant enhancement of ambient stability in few-layer bP decorated with nickel nanoparticles as compared to pristine bP. In detail, the behavior of the Ni-functionalized material exposed to ambient conditions in the dark is accurately studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Raman Spectroscopy, and high resolution x-ray Photoemission and Absorption Spectroscopy. These techniques provide a morphological and quantitative insight of the oxidation process taking place at the surface of the bP flakes. In the presence of Ni nanoparticles (NPs), the decay time of 2D bP to phosphorus oxides is more than three time slower compared to pristine bP, demonstrating an improved structural stability within 20 months of observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caporali
- CNR ICCOM, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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47
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Naclerio AE, Zakharov DN, Kumar J, Rogers B, Pint CL, Shrivastava M, Kidambi PR. Visualizing Oxidation Mechanisms in Few-Layered Black Phosphorus via In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:15844-15854. [PMID: 32134627 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Layered two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP) exhibits novel semiconducting properties including a tunable bandgap and high electron mobility. However, the poor stability of BP in ambient environment severely limits potential for application in future electronic and optoelectronic devices. While passivation or encapsulation of BP using inert materials/polymers has emerged as a plausible solution, a detailed fundamental understanding of BP's reaction with oxygen is imperative to rationally advance its use in applications. Here, we use in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy to elucidate atomistic structural changes in mechanically exfoliated few-layered BP during exposure to varying partial pressures of oxygen. An amorphous oxide layer is seen on the actively etching BP edges, and the thickness of this layer increases with increasing oxygen partial pressure, indicating that oxidation proceeds via initial formation of amorphous PxOy species which sublime to result in the etching of the BP crystal. We observe that while few-layered BP is stable under the 80 kV electron beam (e-beam) in vacuum, the lattice oxidizes and degrades at room temperature in the presence of oxygen only in the region under the e-beam. The oxidative etch rate also increases with increasing e-beam dosage, suggesting the presence of an energy barrier for the oxidation reaction. Preferential oxidative etching along the [0 0 1] and [0 0 1] crystallographic directions is observed, in good agreement with density functional theory calculations showing favorable thermodynamic stability of the oxidized BP (0 0 1) planes compared to the (1 0 0) planes. We expect the atomistic insights and fundamental understanding obtained here to aid in the development of novel approaches to integrate BP in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Naclerio
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1826, United States
| | - Dmitri N Zakharov
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jeevesh Kumar
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Bridget Rogers
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1826, United States
| | - Cary L Pint
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Mayank Shrivastava
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Piran R Kidambi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1826, United States
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48
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Li Z, Zhang T, Fan F, Gao F, Ji H, Yang L. Piezoelectric Materials as Sonodynamic Sensitizers to Safely Ablate Tumors: A Case Study Using Black Phosphorus. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1228-1238. [PMID: 31990196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy eliminates cancer cells with reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by ultrasound whose energy is spatiotemporally controllable, is safe to human tissues and organs, and penetrates deeply through tissues. Its application, however, is hindered by the scarcity of sonodynamic sensitizers. We herein demonstrate piezoelectric materials as a new source of sonodynamic sensitizers, using few-layer black phosphorus (BP) nanosheet as a model. BP nanosheet exhibited ultrasound-excited cytotoxicity to cancer cells via ROS generation, thereby suppressing tumor growth and metastasis without causing off-target toxicity in tumor-bearing mouse models. The ultrasonic wave introduces mechanical strain to the BP nanosheet, leading to piezoelectric polarization which shifts the conduction band of BP more negative than O2/·O2- while its valence band more positive than H2O/·OH, thereby accelerating the ROS production. This work identifies a new mechanism for discovering sonodynamic sensitizers and suggests BP nanosheet as an excellent sensitizer for tumor sonodynamic therapy.
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49
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Zou B, Qiu S, Ren X, Zhou Y, Zhou F, Xu Z, Zhao Z, Song L, Hu Y, Gong X. Combination of black phosphorus nanosheets and MCNTs via phosphoruscarbon bonds for reducing the flammability of air stable epoxy resin nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121069. [PMID: 31522066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As a rising star of two-dimensional material, black phosphorus (BP) has attracted tremendous attention in applications of photovoltaics, transistors and batteries due to its unique characteristics. Inspiring, we developed a simple strategy to fabricate BP-MCNTs as highly promising inorganic phosphorus-based flame retardant. After incorporation 2 wt% BP-MCNTs11(the mass ratio of BP:MCNTs=1:1) nanohybrid, the peak of heat release rate and total heat release of EP nanocomposites reduced by 55.81% and 41.17% at a phosphorus content of only 1 wt%, and the comprehensive index FGI for evaluating the flame retardant of materials decreased from 17.35 to 6.97. In addition, the typical flammable volatile are suppressed significantly, and the first stage of carbon monoxide release is disappeared. The improvement of fire safety and inhibition of smoke toxicity could be attributed to the the synergistic effects of nano-barrier, catalytic charring and radicals trapping of BP-MCNTs nanohybrid. More importantly, BP hybrid with MCNTs and wrapped in EP matrix which formed effective isolation protection against the ambient degradation. Raman spectra and SEM results confirmed that EP/BP-MCNTs performed enhanced ambient stability than EP/BP-BS nanocomposites after three months. This study demonstrates its great potential for preparation of air-stable BP based nanocomposites with enhanced fire safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Shuilai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Xiyun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Zhoumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Zhixin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
| | - Xinglong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
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50
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Qu G, Xia T, Zhou W, Zhang X, Zhang H, Hu L, Shi J, Yu XF, Jiang G. Property-Activity Relationship of Black Phosphorus at the Nano-Bio Interface: From Molecules to Organisms. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2288-2346. [PMID: 31971371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a novel member of the two-dimensional nanomaterial family, mono- or few-layer black phosphorus (BP) with direct bandgap and high charge carrier mobility is promising in many applications such as microelectronic devices, photoelectronic devices, energy technologies, and catalysis agents. Due to its benign elemental composition (phosphorus), large surface area, electronic/photonic performances, and chemical/biological activities, BP has also demonstrated a great potential in biomedical applications including biosensing, photothermal/photodynamic therapies, controlled drug releases, and antibacterial uses. The nature of the BP-bio interface is comprised of dynamic contacts between nanomaterials (NMs) and biological systems, where BP and the biological system interact. The physicochemical interactions at the nano-bio interface play a critical role in the biological effects of NMs. In this review, we discuss the interface in the context of BP as a nanomaterial and its unique physicochemical properties that may affect its biological effects. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed the recent studies on the interactions between BP and biomolecules, cells, and animals and summarized various cellular responses, inflammatory/immunological effects, as well as other biological outcomes of BP depending on its own physical properties, exposure routes, and biodistribution. In addition, we also discussed the environmental behaviors and potential risks on environmental organisms of BP. Based on accumulating knowledge on the BP-bio interfaces, this review also summarizes various safer-by-design strategies to change the physicochemical properties including chemical stability and nano-bio interactions, which are critical in tuning the biological behaviors of BP. The better understanding of the biological activity of BP at BP-bio interfaces and corresponding methods to overcome the challenges would promote its future exploration in terms of bringing this new nanomaterial to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 , Beijing , P.R. China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS , Hangzhou 310000 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles California 90095 , United States
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Materials Interfaces Center , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Materials Interfaces Center , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Environment , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310032 , China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 , Beijing , P.R. China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS , Hangzhou 310000 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 , Beijing , P.R. China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS , Hangzhou 310000 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Materials Interfaces Center , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 , Beijing , P.R. China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS , Hangzhou 310000 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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