1
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Keener JE, Goh B, Yoo JS, Oh SF, Brodbelt JS. Top-Down Characterization of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides and Lipooligosaccharides Using Activated-Electron Photodetachment Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9151-9158. [PMID: 38758019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are located in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are comprised of three distinctive parts: lipid A, core oligosaccharide (OS), and O-antigen. The structure of each region influences bacterial stability, toxicity, and pathogenesis. Here, we highlight the use of targeted activated-electron photodetachment (a-EPD) tandem mass spectrometry to characterize LPS and LOS from two crucial players in the human gut microbiota, Escherichia coli Nissle and Bacteroides fragilis. a-EPD is a hybrid activation method that uses ultraviolet photoirradiation to generate charge-reduced radical ions followed by collisional activation to produce informative fragmentation patterns. We benchmark the a-EPD method for top-down characterization of triacyl LOS from E. coli R2, then focus on characterization of LPS from E. coli Nissle and B. fragilis. Notably, a-EPD affords extensive fragmentation throughout the backbone of the core OS and O-antigen regions of LPS from E. coli Nissle. This hybrid approach facilitated the elucidation of structural details for LPS from B. fragilis, revealing a putative hexuronic acid (HexA) conjugated to lipid A.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Keener
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Byoungsook Goh
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ji-Sun Yoo
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sungwhan F Oh
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Program in Immunology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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2
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Pither MD, Andretta E, Rocca G, Balzarini F, Matamoros-Recio A, Colicchio R, Salvatore P, van Kooyk Y, Silipo A, Granucci F, Martin-Santamaria S, Chiodo F, Molinaro A, Di Lorenzo F. Deciphering the Chemical Language of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Veillonella parvula Lipopolysaccharide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401541. [PMID: 38393988 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Veillonella parvula, prototypical member of the oral and gut microbiota, is at times commensal yet also potentially pathogenic. The definition of the molecular basis tailoring this contrasting behavior is key for broadening our understanding of the microbiota-driven pathogenic and/or tolerogenic mechanisms that take place within our body. In this study, we focused on the chemistry of the main constituent of the outer membrane of V. parvula, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS molecules indeed elicit pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory responses depending on their chemical structures. Herein we report the structural elucidation of the LPS from two strains of V. parvula and show important and unprecedented differences in both the lipid and carbohydrate moieties, including the identification of a novel galactofuranose and mannitol-containing O-antigen repeating unit for one of the two strains. Furthermore, by harnessing computational studies, in vitro human cell models, as well as lectin binding solid-phase assays, we discovered that the two chemically diverse LPS immunologically behave differently and have attempted to identify the molecular determinant(s) governing this phenomenon. Whereas pro-inflammatory potential has been evidenced for the lipid A moiety, by contrast a plausible "immune modulating" action has been proposed for the peculiar O-antigen portion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Dorothy Pither
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Andretta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rocca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Balzarini
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandra Matamoros-Recio
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB-CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberta Colicchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonsoles Martin-Santamaria
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB-CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
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3
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Verpalen ECJM, Brouwer AJ, Wolfert MA, Boons GJ. Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of Lipid A Derivatives to Modulate Cytokine Responses. Chemistry 2024:e202400429. [PMID: 38587187 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Agonists of Toll like receptors (TLRs) have attracted interest as adjuvants and immune modulators. A crystal structure of TLR4/MD2 with E. coli LPS indicates that the fatty acid at C-2 of the lipid A component of LPS induces dimerization of two TLR4-MD2 complexes, which in turn initiates cell signaling leading to the production of (pro)inflammatory cytokines. To probe the importance of the (R)-3-hydroxymyristate at C-2 of lipid A, a range of bis- and mono-phosphoryl lipid A derivatives with different modifications at C-2 were prepared by a strategy in which 2-methylnaphthyl ethers were employed as permanent protecting group that could be readily removed by catalytic hydrogenation. The C-2 amine was protected as 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbamate, which at a later stage could be removed to give a free amine that was modified by different fatty acids. LPS and the synthetic lipid As induced the same cytokines, however, large differences in activity were observed. A compound having a hexanoyl moiety at C-2 still showed agonistic properties, but further shortening to a butanoyl abolished activity. The modifications had a larger influence on monophosphoryl lipid As. The lipid As having a butanoyl moiety at C-2 could selectively antagonize TRIF associated cytokines induced by LPS or lipid A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico C J M Verpalen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arwin J Brouwer
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet A Wolfert
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Chemistry Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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4
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Yu SY, Oh BS, Ryu SW, Bak JE, Heo ES, Moon JC, Jeong JH, Lee JH. Novel microbiota Mesosutterella faecium sp. nov. has a protective effect against inflammatory bowel disease. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1342098. [PMID: 38633706 PMCID: PMC11022602 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1342098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel Gram-negative, obligate anaerobe, non-motile, flagella-lacking, catalase- and oxidase-negative, coccobacilli-shaped bacterial strain designated AGMB02718T was isolated from swine feces. The 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that strain AGMB02718T belonged to the genus Mesosutterella with the highest similarity to M. multiformis 4NBBH2T (= DSM 106860T) (sequence similarity of 96.2%), forming a distinct phylogenetic lineage. Its growth occurred at 25-45°C (optimal 37°C) and in 0.5-1% NaCl (optimal 0.5%). Strain AGMB02718T was asaccharolytic and contained menaquinone 6 (MK-6) and methylmenaquinone 6 (MMK-6) as the predominant respiratory quinones. The major cellular fatty acids in the isolate were C18:1ω9c and C16:0. Based on the whole-genome sequencing analysis, strain AGMB02718T had a 2,606,253 bp circular chromosome with a G + C content of 62.2%. The average nucleotide identity value between strain AGMB02718T and M. multiformis 4NBBH2T was 72.1%, while the digital DNA-DNA hybridization value was 20.9%. Interestingly, genome analysis suggested that strain AGMB02718T possessed a low-toxicity lipopolysaccharide (LPS) because the genome of the isolate does not include lpxJ and lpxM genes for Kdo2-Lipid A (KLA) assembly, which confers high toxicity to LPS. Moreover, in vitro macrophage stimulation assay confirmed that AGMB02718T produced LPS with low toxicity. Because the low-toxicity LPS produced by the Sutterellaceae family is involved in regulating host immunity and low-toxicity LPS-producing strains can help maintain host immune homeostasis, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of strain AGMB02718T against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As a result, strain AGMB02718T was able to prevent the inflammatory response in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. Therefore, this strain represents a novel species of Mesosutterella that has a protective effect against DSS-induced colitis, and the proposed name is Mesosutterella faecium sp. nov. The type strain is AGMB02718T (=GDMCC 1.2717T = KCTC 25541T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeob Yu
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Seob Oh
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung Woo Ryu
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Bak
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seo Heo
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Huck Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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5
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Nieto-Fabregat F, Zhu Q, Vivès C, Zhang Y, Marseglia A, Chiodo F, Thépaut M, Rai D, Kulkarni SS, Di Lorenzo F, Molinaro A, Marchetti R, Fieschi F, Xiao G, Yu B, Silipo A. Atomic-Level Dissection of DC-SIGN Recognition of Bacteroides vulgatus LPS Epitopes. JACS AU 2024; 4:697-712. [PMID: 38425910 PMCID: PMC10900495 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The evaluation of Bacteroides vulgatus mpk (BVMPK) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) recognition by DC-SIGN, a key lectin in mediating immune homeostasis, has been here performed. A fine chemical dissection of BVMPK LPS components, attained by synthetic chemistry combined to spectroscopic, biophysical, and computational techniques, allowed to finely map the LPS epitopes recognized by DC-SIGN. Our findings reveal BVMPK's role in immune modulation via DC-SIGN, targeting both the LPS O-antigen and the core oligosaccharide. Furthermore, when framed within medical chemistry or drug design, our results could lead to the development of tailored molecules to benefit the hosts dealing with inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Nieto-Fabregat
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Qian Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Corinne Vivès
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble 38027, France
| | - Yunqin Zhang
- State Key
Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming
Institute of Botany, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Angela Marseglia
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Institute
of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
| | - Michel Thépaut
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble 38027, France
| | - Diksha Rai
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Suvarn S. Kulkarni
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Roberta Marchetti
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble 38027, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris 75005, France
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- State Key
Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming
Institute of Botany, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
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6
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Oliphant K, Cruz Ayala W, Ilyumzhinova R, Mbayiwa K, Sroka A, Xie B, Andrews B, Keenan K, Claud EC. Microbiome function and neurodevelopment in Black infants: vitamin B 12 emerges as a key factor. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2298697. [PMID: 38303501 PMCID: PMC10841033 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2298697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The early life gut microbiome affects the developing brain, and therefore may serve as a target to support neurodevelopment of children living in stressful and under-resourced environments, such as Black youth living on the South Side of Chicago, for whom we observe racial disparities in health. Microbiome compositions/functions key to multiple neurodevelopmental facets have not been studied in Black children, a vulnerable population due to racial disparities in health; thus, a subsample of Black infants living in urban, low-income neighborhoods whose mothers participated in a prenatal nutrition study were recruited for testing associations between composition and function of the gut microbiome (16S rRNA gene sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, and targeted metabolomics of fecal samples) and neurodevelopment (developmental testing, maternal report of temperament, and observed stress regulation). Two microbiome community types, defined by high Lachnospiraceae or Enterobacteriaceae abundance, were discovered in this cohort from 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis; the Enterobacteriaceae-dominant community type was significantly negatively associated with cognition and language scores, specifically in male children. Vitamin B12 biosynthesis emerged as a key microbiome function from shotgun metagenomics sequencing analysis, showing positive associations with all measured developmental skills (i.e., cognition, language, motor, surgency, effortful control, and observed stress regulation). Blautia spp. also were identified as substantial contributors of important microbiome functions, including vitamin B12 biosynthesis and related vitamin B12-dependent microbiome functions, anti-inflammatory microbial surface antigens, competitive mechanisms against pathobionts, and production of antioxidants. The results are promising with respect to the potential for exploring therapeutic candidates, such as vitamin B12 nutritional or Blautia spp. probiotic supplementation, to support the neurodevelopment of infants at risk for experiencing racial disparities in health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rimma Ilyumzhinova
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Kimberley Mbayiwa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Anna Sroka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Bree Andrews
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Kate Keenan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Erika C. Claud
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
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7
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Bank NC, Singh V, McCourt B, Burberry A, Roberts KD, Grubb B, Rodriguez-Palacios A. Antigenic operon fragmentation and diversification mechanism in Bacteroidota impacts gut metagenomics and pathobionts in Crohn's disease microlesions. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2350150. [PMID: 38841888 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2350150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Comensal Bacteroidota (Bacteroidota) and Enterobacteriacea are often linked to gut inflammation. However, the causes for variability of pro-inflammatory surface antigens that affect gut commensal/opportunistic dualism in Bacteroidota remain unclear. By using the classical lipopolysaccharide/O-antigen 'rfb operon' in Enterobacteriaceae as a surface antigen model (5-rfb-gene-cluster rfbABCDX), and a recent rfbA-typing strategy for strain classification, we characterized the integrity and conservancy of the entire rfb operon in Bacteroidota. Through exploratory analysis of complete genomes and metagenomes, we discovered that most Bacteroidota have the rfb operon fragmented into nonrandom patterns of gene-singlets and doublets/triplets, termed 'rfb-gene-clusters', or rfb-'minioperons' if predicted as transcriptional. To reflect global operon integrity, contiguity, duplication, and fragmentation principles, we propose a six-category (infra/supra-numerary) cataloging system and a Global Operon Profiling System for bacteria. Mechanistically, genomic sequence analyses revealed that operon fragmentation is driven by intra-operon insertions of predominantly Bacteroides-DNA (thetaiotaomicron/fragilis) and likely natural selection in gut-wall specific micro-niches or micropathologies. Bacteroides-insertions, also detected in other antigenic operons (fimbriae), but not in operons deemed essential (ribosomal), could explain why Bacteroidota have fewer KEGG-pathways despite large genomes. DNA insertions, overrepresenting DNA-exchange-avid (Bacteroides) species, impact our interpretation of functional metagenomics data by inflating by inflating gene-based pathway inference and by overestimating 'extra-species' abundance. Of disease relevance, Bacteroidota species isolated from cavitating/cavernous fistulous tract (CavFT) microlesions in Crohn's Disease have supra-numerary fragmented operons, stimulate TNF-alpha from macrophages with low potency, and do not induce hyperacute peritonitis in mice compared to CavFT Enterobacteriaceae. The impact of 'foreign-DNA' insertions on pro-inflammatory operons, metagenomics, and commensalism/opportunism requires further studies to elucidate their potential for novel diagnostics and therapeutics, and to elucidate the role of co-existing pathobionts in Crohn's disease microlesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Bank
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vaidhvi Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Blake McCourt
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aaron Burberry
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kyle D Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Germ-Free and Gut Microbiome Core, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brandon Grubb
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alex Rodriguez-Palacios
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Germ-Free and Gut Microbiome Core, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals Research and Education Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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8
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Kuang X, Liu Y, Luo H, Li Q, Wu F, Fan C, Liu J. Triggerable Prodrug Nanocoating Enables On-Demand Activation of Microbial and Small-Molecular Therapeutics for Combination Treatment. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26932-26946. [PMID: 37988674 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The synergy of living microbial and small-molecular therapeutics has been widely explored for treating a variety of diseases, while current combination strategies often suffer from low bioavailability, heterogeneous spatiotemporal distribution, and premature drug release. Here, the use of a triggerable prodrug nanocoating is reported to enable the on-demand activation of microbial and small-molecular therapeutics for combination treatment. As a proof-of-concept study, a reactive oxygen species-responsive aromatic thioacetal linker is employed to prepare cationic chitosan-drug conjugates, which can form a nanocoating on the surface of living bacteria via electrostatic interaction. Following administration, the wrapped bacteria can be prevented from in vivo insults by the shielding effect of the nanocoating and be co-delivered with the conjugated drug in a spatiotemporally synchronous manner. Upon reaching the lesion site, the upgraded reactive oxygen species trigger in situ cleavage of the thioacetal linker, resulting in the release of the conjugated drug and a linker-derived therapeutic cinnamaldehyde. Meanwhile, a charge reversal achieved by the generation of negatively charged thiolated chitosan induces the dissociation of the nanocoating, leading to synchronous release of the living bacteria. The adequate activation of the combined therapeutics at the lesion site exhibits superior synergistic treatment efficacy, as demonstrated by an in vivo assessment using a mouse model of colitis. This work presents an appealing approach to combine living microbial and small-molecular therapeutics for advanced therapy of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Kuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Huilong Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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9
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Wang X, Xiao G. Recent Advances in Chemical Synthesis of Structural Domains of Lipopolysaccharides from the Commensal Gut-Associated Microbiota. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300552. [PMID: 37731010 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides from the commensal gut-associated microbiota are interesting biomolecules for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. Different from pathogenic lipopolysaccharides, commensal lipopolysaccharides have distinct chemical structures and mediate beneficial homeostasis with the immune system of the host. However, the accessibility issues of homogenous and pure commensal lipopolysaccharides hampered the in-depth studies of their functions. In this concept article, we highlight the recent synthesis of lipopolysaccharides from gut-associated lymphoid-tissue-resident Alcaligenes faecalis and Bacteroides vulgatus, which hopes to inspire the more efforts devoting to these fantastic biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, 2 Puxing Road, Kunming, 650214, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
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10
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Yin R, Wang T, Dai H, Han J, Sun J, Liu N, Dong W, Zhong J, Liu H. Immunogenic molecules associated with gut bacterial cell walls: chemical structures, immune-modulating functions, and mechanisms. Protein Cell 2023; 14:776-785. [PMID: 37013853 PMCID: PMC10599643 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between gut microbiome and host immune system are fundamental to maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier and homeostasis. At the host-gut microbiome interface, cell wall-derived molecules from gut commensal bacteria have been reported to play a pivotal role in training and remodeling host immune responses. In this article, we review gut bacterial cell wall-derived molecules with characterized chemical structures, including peptidoglycan and lipid-related molecules that impact host health and disease processes via regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Also, we aim to discuss the structures, immune responses, and underlying mechanisms of these immunogenic molecules. Based on current advances, we propose cell wall-derived components as important sources of medicinal agents for the treatment of infection and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huanqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingzu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Di Lorenzo F, Paparo L, Pisapia L, Oglio F, Pither MD, Cirella R, Nocerino R, Carucci L, Silipo A, de Filippis F, Ercolini D, Molinaro A, Berni Canani R. The chemistry of gut microbiome-derived lipopolysaccharides impacts on the occurrence of food allergy in the pediatric age. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1266293. [PMID: 37900913 PMCID: PMC10606559 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1266293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Food allergy (FA) in children is a major health concern. A better definition of the pathogenesis of the disease could facilitate effective preventive and therapeutic measures. Gut microbiome alterations could modulate the occurrence of FA, although the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are poorly characterized. Gut bacteria release signaling byproducts from their cell wall, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), which can act locally and systemically, modulating the immune system function. Methods: In the current study gut microbiome-derived LPS isolated from fecal samples of FA and healthy children was chemically characterized providing insights into the carbohydrate and lipid composition as well as into the LPS macromolecular nature. In addition, by means of a chemical/MALDI-TOF MS and MS/MS approach we elucidated the gut microbiome-derived lipid A mass spectral profile directly on fecal samples. Finally, we evaluated the pro-allergic and pro-tolerogenic potential of these fecal LPS and lipid A by harnessing peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors. Results: By analyzing fecal samples, we have identified different gut microbiome-derived LPS chemical features comparing FA children and healthy controls. We also have provided evidence on a different immunoregulatory action elicited by LPS on peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from healthy donors suggesting that LPS from healthy individuals could be able to protect against the occurrence of FA, while LPS from children affected by FA could promote the allergic response. Discussion: Altogether these data highlight the relevance of gut microbiome-derived LPSs as potential biomarkers for FA and as a target of intervention to limit the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorella Paparo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE Biotechnologies Research Center, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Pisapia
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Franca Oglio
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE Biotechnologies Research Center, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Cirella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Nocerino
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE Biotechnologies Research Center, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Carucci
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE Biotechnologies Research Center, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca de Filippis
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE Biotechnologies Research Center, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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12
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Sulit AK, Daigneault M, Allen-Vercoe E, Silander OK, Hock B, McKenzie J, Pearson J, Frizelle FA, Schmeier S, Purcell R. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide modulates immune response in the colorectal tumor microenvironment. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:59. [PMID: 37612266 PMCID: PMC10447454 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00429-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses can have opposing effects in colorectal cancer (CRC), the balance of which may determine whether a cancer regresses, progresses, or potentially metastasizes. These effects are evident in CRC consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) where both CMS1 and CMS4 contain immune infiltrates yet have opposing prognoses. The microbiome has previously been associated with CRC and immune response in CRC but has largely been ignored in the CRC subtype discussion. We used CMS subtyping on surgical resections from patients and aimed to determine the contributions of the microbiome to the pleiotropic effects evident in immune-infiltrated subtypes. We integrated host gene-expression and meta-transcriptomic data to determine the link between immune characteristics and microbiome contributions in these subtypes and identified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding as a potential functional mechanism. We identified candidate bacteria with LPS properties that could affect immune response, and tested the effects of their LPS on cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We focused on Fusobacterium periodonticum and Bacteroides fragilis in CMS1, and Porphyromonas asaccharolytica in CMS4. Treatment of PBMCs with LPS isolated from these bacteria showed that F. periodonticum stimulates cytokine production in PBMCs while both B. fragilis and P. asaccharolytica had an inhibitory effect. Furthermore, LPS from the latter two species can inhibit the immunogenic properties of F. periodonticum LPS when co-incubated with PBMCs. We propose that different microbes in the CRC tumor microenvironment can alter the local immune activity, with important implications for prognosis and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Sulit
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Department of Surgery and Critical Care, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - M Daigneault
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - O K Silander
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - B Hock
- Haematology Research Group, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J McKenzie
- Haematology Research Group, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - F A Frizelle
- Department of Surgery and Critical Care, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - S Schmeier
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Purcell
- Department of Surgery and Critical Care, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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13
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Bank NC, Singh V, Grubb B, McCourt B, Burberry A, Roberts KD, Rodriguez-Palacios A. The basis of antigenic operon fragmentation in Bacteroidota and commensalism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.02.543472. [PMID: 37398285 PMCID: PMC10312583 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.543472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The causes for variability of pro-inflammatory surface antigens that affect gut commensal/opportunistic dualism within the phylum Bacteroidota remain unclear (1, 2). Using the classical lipopolysaccharide/O-antigen 'rfb operon' in Enterobacteriaceae as a surface antigen model (5-gene-cluster rfbABCDX), and a recent rfbA-typing strategy for strain classification (3), we characterized the architecture/conservancy of the entire rfb operon in Bacteroidota. Analyzing complete genomes, we discovered that most Bacteroidota have the rfb operon fragmented into non-random gene-singlets and/or doublets/triplets, termed 'minioperons'. To reflect global operon integrity, duplication, and fragmentation principles, we propose a five-category (infra/supernumerary) cataloguing system and a Global Operon Profiling System for bacteria. Mechanistically, genomic sequence analyses revealed that operon fragmentation is driven by intra-operon insertions of predominantly Bacteroides-DNA (thetaiotaomicron/fragilis) and likely natural selection in specific micro-niches. Bacteroides-insertions, also detected in other antigenic operons (fimbriae), but not in operons deemed essential (ribosomal), could explain why Bacteroidota have fewer KEGG-pathways despite large genomes (4). DNA insertions overrepresenting DNA-exchange-avid species, impact functional metagenomics by inflating gene-based pathway inference and overestimating 'extra-species' abundance. Using bacteria from inflammatory gut-wall cavernous micro-tracts (CavFT) in Crohn's Disease (5), we illustrate that bacteria with supernumerary-fragmented operons cannot produce O-antigen, and that commensal/CavFT Bacteroidota stimulate macrophages with lower potency than Enterobacteriaceae, and do not induce peritonitis in mice. The impact of 'foreign-DNA' insertions on pro-inflammatory operons, metagenomics, and commensalism offers potential for novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Bank
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vaidhvi Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brandon Grubb
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Blake McCourt
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aaron Burberry
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kyle D Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Germ-Free and Gut Microbiome Core, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alex Rodriguez-Palacios
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, USA
- University Hospitals Research and Education Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Germ-Free and Gut Microbiome Core, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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14
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Fux AC, Casonato Melo C, Michelini S, Swartzwelter BJ, Neusch A, Italiani P, Himly M. Heterogeneity of Lipopolysaccharide as Source of Variability in Bioassays and LPS-Binding Proteins as Remedy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098395. [PMID: 37176105 PMCID: PMC10179214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also referred to as endotoxin, is the major component of Gram-negative bacteria's outer cell wall. It is one of the main types of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are known to elicit severe immune reactions in the event of a pathogen trespassing the epithelial barrier and reaching the bloodstream. Associated symptoms include fever and septic shock, which in severe cases, might even lead to death. Thus, the detection of LPS in medical devices and injectable pharmaceuticals is of utmost importance. However, the term LPS does not describe one single molecule but a diverse class of molecules sharing one common feature: their characteristic chemical structure. Each bacterial species has its own pool of LPS molecules varying in their chemical composition and enabling the aggregation into different supramolecular structures upon release from the bacterial cell wall. As this heterogeneity has consequences for bioassays, we aim to examine the great variability of LPS molecules and their potential to form various supramolecular structures. Furthermore, we describe current LPS quantification methods and the LPS-dependent inflammatory pathway and show how LPS heterogeneity can affect them. With the intent of overcoming these challenges and moving towards a universal approach for targeting LPS, we review current studies concerning LPS-specific binders. Finally, we give perspectives for LPS research and the use of LPS-binding molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Fux
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Chemical Biology Department, R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Cristiane Casonato Melo
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Chemical Biology Department, R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Sara Michelini
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Benjamin J Swartzwelter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, 1601 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Andreas Neusch
- Experimental Medical Physics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paola Italiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Martin Himly
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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15
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Arnolds KL, Yamada E, Neff CP, Schneider JM, Palmer BE, Lozupone CA. Disruption of Genes Encoding Putative Zwitterionic Capsular Polysaccharides of Diverse Intestinal Bacteroides Reduces the Induction of Host Anti-Inflammatory Factors. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:1620-1629. [PMID: 35596750 PMCID: PMC10167101 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial zwitterionic capsular polysaccharides (ZPS), such as polysaccharide A (PSA) of the intestinal commensal Bacteroides fragilis, have been shown to modulate T cells, including inducing anti-inflammatory IL-10-secreting T regulatory cells (Tregs). We previously used a genomic screen to identify diverse host-associated bacteria with the predicted genetic capacity to produce ZPSs related to PSA of B. fragilis and hypothesized that genetic disruption (KO) of a key functional gene within these operons would reduce the anti-inflammatory activity of these bacteria. We found that ZPS-KO bacteria in two common gut commensals, Bacteroides uniformis and Bacteroides cellulosilyticus, had a reduced ability to induce Tregs and IL-10 in stimulations of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Additionally, we found that macrophage stimulated with either wildtype B. fragilis or B. uniformis produced significantly more IL-10 than KOs, indicating a potentially novel function of ZPS of shifting the cytokine response in macrophages to a more anti-inflammatory state. These findings support the hypothesis that these related ZPS may represent a shared strategy to modulate host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L Arnolds
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eiko Yamada
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - C Preston Neff
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Brent E Palmer
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA
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16
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Xi Y, Li Y, Ying S, Yan J, Shi Z. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide with different administration routes affects intestinal mucosal morphological, immunological, and microbial barrier functions in goslings. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102599. [PMID: 36940655 PMCID: PMC10033283 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different administration routes of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on intestinal mucosal morphological, immunological, and microbial barrier functions in goslings. First, we compared intestinal villi morphology of goslings under intraperitoneal or oral LPS treatment through hematoxylin and eosin staining. Then, we determined the signatures of the microbiome in the ileum mucosa of goslings subjected to oral LPS treatment at 0, 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg BW by 16S sequencing, and analyzed the changes in intestinal barrier functions and permeability, levels of LPS in the ileum mucosa, plasma, and liver tissue, and the induced inflammatory response of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). As a result, intraperitoneal LPS injection resulted in a thicker intestinal wall in the ileum within a short time, whereas villus height was less affected; in contrast, oral LPS treatment exerted a stronger influence on villus height but not on intestinal wall thickness. We also found that oral LPS treatment affected the structure of the intestinal microbiome, reflected by changes in the clustering of intestinal microbiota. The average abundance of Muribaculaceae showed an increasing trend with increasing LPS levels, and that of the genus Bacteroides decreased, compared with the control group. In addition, oral LPS treatment with 8 mg/kg BW affected the intestinal epithelial morphology, damage the mucosal immune barrier, downregulated the expression of tight junction proteins, increased circulating D-lactate levels, and stimulated the secretion of various inflammatory mediators and activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NFκB pathway. This study presented the injuries of intestinal mucosal barrier function induced by LPS challenges in goslings and provided a scientific model for searching the novel strategies to attenuate the immunological stress and gut injury caused by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Xi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yue Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shijia Ying
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Junshu Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zhendan Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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17
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Xu M, Lan R, Qiao L, Lin X, Hu D, Zhang S, Yang J, Zhou J, Ren Z, Li X, Liu G, Liu L, Xu J. Bacteroides vulgatus Ameliorates Lipid Metabolic Disorders and Modulates Gut Microbial Composition in Hyperlipidemic Rats. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0251722. [PMID: 36625637 PMCID: PMC9927244 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02517-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor and key indicator for cardiovascular diseases, and the gut microbiota is highly associated with hyperlipidemia. Bacteroides vulgatus is a prevalent mutualist across human populations and confers multiple health benefits such as immunoregulation, antiobesity, and coronary artery disease intervention. However, its role in antihyperlipidemia has not been systematically characterized. This study sought to identify the effect of B. vulgatus Bv46 on hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemic rats were modeled by feeding them a high-fat diet for 6 weeks. The effect of B. vulgatus Bv46 supplementation was evaluated by measuring anthropometric parameters, lipid and inflammation markers, and the liver pathology. Multi-omics was used to explore the underlying mechanisms. The ability of B. vulgatus Bv46 to produce bile salt hydrolase was confirmed by gene annotation and in vitro experiments. Oral administration of B. vulgatus Bv46 in hyperlipidemic rats significantly reduced the body weight gain, food efficiency, and liver index, improved the serum lipid profile, lowered the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, promoted the loss of fecal bile acids (BAs), and extended the fecal pool of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially propionate and butyrate. B. vulgatus Bv46 induced compositional shifts of the gut microbial community of hyperlipidemic rats, characterized by a lower ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes with an increase of genera Bacteroides and Parabacteroides. After intervention, serum metabolite profiling exhibited an adaptation in amino acids and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Transcriptomics further detected altered biological processes, including primary bile acid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolic process. Taken together, the findings suggest that B. vulgatus Bv46 could be a promising candidate for interventions against hyperlipidemia. IMPORTANCE As a core microbe of the human gut ecosystem, Bacteroides vulgatus has been linked to multiple aspects of metabolic disorders in a collection of associative studies, which, while indicative, warrants more direct experimental evidence to verify. In this study, we experimentally demonstrated that oral administration of B. vulgatus Bv46 ameliorated the serum lipid profile and systemic inflammation of high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats in a microbiome-regulated manner, which appears to be associated with changes of bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis, and serum metabolomic profile. This finding supports the causal contribution of B. vulgatus in host metabolism and helps to form the basis of novel therapies for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dalong Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suping Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xianping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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18
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Pither MD, Silipo A, Molinaro A, Di Lorenzo F. Extraction, Purification, and Chemical Degradation of LPS from Gut Microbiota Strains. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2613:153-179. [PMID: 36587078 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that more than 500 different bacterial species colonize the human gut, and they are collectively known as the gut microbiota. Such a massive bacterial presence is now considered an additional organ of the human body, thus becoming the object of an intense and daily growing research activity. Gram-negative bacteria represent a large percentage of the gut microbiota strains. The main constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negatives is the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Since its first discovery, LPS has been extensively studied for its structure-dependent capability to elicit a potent immune inflammatory reaction when perceived by specific immune receptors present in our body. Therefore, traditionally, LPS, due to its peculiar chemistry, has been associated with pathogenic bacteria, and it has been extensively studied for its dangerous effects on human health. However, LPS is also expressed on the cell surface of harmless and beneficial bacteria that colonize our intestines. This necessarily implies that the LPS from harmless gut microbes is "chemically different" from that owned by pathogenic ones, hence enabling successful colonization of the intestinal tract without creating a threat to the host immune system. Deciphering the structural features of LPS from these gut bacteria is essential to improve our still scarce knowledge of how the human host lives in a harmonious relationship with its own microbiota. To this end, LPS extraction and purification are essential steps in this field of research. Yet working with gut bacteria is extremely complex for a number of reasons, one being related to the fact that they produce an array of other glycans and glycoconjugates, such as capsular polysaccharides and/or exopolysaccharides, which render the isolation and characterization of the sole LPS not at all trivial. Here, we provide a protocol that might help when dealing with LPS from gut microbial species. We describe the preliminary manipulations and checks, extraction, and purification approaches, as well as the necessary chemical manipulations that should be performed to enable the characterization of the structure of an LPS by means of techniques like nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Dorothy Pither
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy.
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19
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Che B, Zhang W, Li W, Tang K, Yin J, Liu M, Xu S, Huang T, Yu Y, Huang K, Peng Z, Zha C. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-related genes are involved in the invasion and recurrence of prostate cancer and are related to immune escape based on bioinformatics analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1141191. [PMID: 37188204 PMCID: PMC10175693 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1141191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The composition of the tumor microbial microenvironment participates in the whole process of tumor disease. However, due to the limitations of the current technical level, the depth and breadth of the impact of microorganisms on tumors have not been fully recognized, especially in prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the role and mechanism of the prostate microbiome in PCa based on bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-related genes by means of bioinformatics. Methods The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) was used to find bacterial LPS- related genes. PCa expression profile data and clinical data were acquired from TCGA, GTEx, and GEO. The differentially expressed LPS-related hub genes (LRHG) were obtained by Venn diagram, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to investigate the putative molecular mechanism of LRHG. The immune infiltration score of malignancies was investigated using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, a prognostic risk score model and nomogram were developed. Results 6 LRHG were screened. LRHG were involved in functional phenotypes such as tumor invasion, fat metabolism, sex hormone response, DNA repair, apoptosis, and immunoregulation. And it can regulate the immune microenvironment in the tumor by influencing the antigen presentation of immune cells in the tumor. And a prognostic risk score and the nomogram, which were based on LRHG, showed that the low-risk score has a protective effect on patients. Conclusion Microorganisms in the PCa microenvironment may use complex mechanism and networks to regulate the occurrence and development of PCa. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-related genes can help build a reliable prognostic model and predict progression-free survival in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangwei Che
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kaifa Tang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Kaifa Tang,
| | - Jingju Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Miao Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shenghan Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kunyuan Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cheng Zha
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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20
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2019-2020. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21806. [PMID: 36468275 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2020. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review is basically divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of arrays. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other areas such as medicine, industrial processes and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. The reported work shows increasing use of incorporation of new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented nearly 40 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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21
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Wu H, Wang X, Fang X, Lian F, Li M, Liao J, Dai D, Tian J. Metformin modulates the gut microbiome in a mice model of high-fat diet-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:10/6/e003149. [PMID: 36593662 PMCID: PMC9748938 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metformin (MET) can regulate glucose and lipid levels, and the gut microbiota may be involved in the control of metabolism. We hypothesized that MET alleviates glucolipid metabolism disorder by modulating gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 24 male C57BL/6 J mice were equally divided into three groups (normal control, model control (MC), and MET-treated groups). Model mice were established by feeding a high-fat diet for 6 weeks. The MET-treated group was administered MET solution (2.5 g/100 mL, 250 mg/kg). Fecal samples were collected to characterize the microbiota system using metagenomic shotgun sequencing and gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry analysis. Phenotypic and biochemical indices were obtained for further correlation analysis. RESULTS Compared with the MC group, MET reduced the levels of weight, glucose, areas under the glucose curve in the glucose tolerance test, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC). A decreasing abundance of bacteria, including Parabacteroides distasonis, and an increasing abundance of bacteria, including Bacteroides vulgatus, were observed in the MET-treated group. The 2-deoxytetronic acid declined after MET intervention and was positively correlated with species over-represented in the MC group and negatively correlated with species enriched in the MET-treated group. Additionally, species enriched in the MET-treated group negatively correlated with glucose, areas under the glucose curve in the glucose tolerance test, and TGs. Further, the correlation between the differential metabolites, which decreased after MET intervention, and the phenotypic indices was positive. CONCLUSIONS MET-induced restoration of intestinal homeostasis correlates with the amelioration of host glucolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangquan Liao
- Department of National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Dai
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
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22
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The Therapeutic Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids Mediated Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet-Gut Microbiota Relationships in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194113. [PMID: 36235765 PMCID: PMC9572225 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has been recognized as a promising dietary regimen for the treatment of several diseases. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by anaerobic bacterial fermentation of indigestible dietary fibre in the gut have potential value for their underlying epigenetic role in the treatment of obesity and asthma-related inflammation through mediating the relationships between VLCKD and the infant gut microbiota. However, it is still unclear how VLCKD might influence gut microbiota composition in children, and how SCFAs could play a role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To overcome this knowledge gap, this review aims to investigate the role of SCFAs as key epigenetic metabolites that mediate VLCKD-gut microbiota relationships in children, and their therapeutic potential in IBD.
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23
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Sarmikasoglou E, Ferrell J, Vinyard JR, Flythe MD, Tuanyok A, Faciola AP. Effects of ruminal lipopolysaccharides on growth and fermentation end products of pure cultured bacteria. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15932. [PMID: 36151241 PMCID: PMC9508262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of ruminal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) have been linked to ruminal acidosis; however, they result in reduced endotoxicity compared to LPS derived from species like Escherichia coli. Additionally, there is a knowledge gap on the potential effect of LPS derived from ruminal microbiome on ruminal bacteria species whose abundance is associated with ruminal acidosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of LPS-free anaerobic water (CTRL), E. coli-LPS (E. COLI), ruminal-LPS (RUM), and a 1:1 mixture of E. coli and ruminal-LPS (MIX) on the growth characteristics and fermentation end products of lactate-producing bacteria (Streptococcus bovis JB1, Selenomonas ruminantium HD4) and lactate-utilizing bacterium (Megasphaera elsdenii T81). The growth characteristics were predicted based on the logistic growth model, the ammonia concentration was determined by the phenolic acid/hypochlorite method and organic acids were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography. Results indicate that, compared to the CTRL, the maximum specific growth rate of S. bovis JB1 decreased by approximately 19% and 23% when RUM and MIX were dosed, respectively. In addition, acetate and lactate concentrations in Se. ruminantium HD4 were reduced by approximately 30% and 18%; respectively, in response to MIX dosing. Compared to CTRL, lactate concentration from S. bovis JB1 was reduced approximately by 31% and 22% in response to RUM and MIX dosing; respectively. In summary, RUM decreased the growth and lactate production of some lactate-producing bacteria, potentially mitigating the development of subacute ruminal acidosis by restricting lactate availability to some lactate-utilizing bacteria that metabolize lactate into VFAs thus further contributing to the development of acidosis. Also, RUM did not affect Megasphaera elsdenii T81 growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Ferrell
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - James R Vinyard
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Michael D Flythe
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Apichai Tuanyok
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Antonio P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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24
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The Roles of Probiotics in the Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Outcomes in Asymptomatic Post-Gestational Diabetes Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183878. [PMID: 36145254 PMCID: PMC9504400 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are widely used as an adjuvant therapy in various diseases. Nonetheless, it is uncertain how they affect the gut microbiota composition and metabolic and inflammatory outcomes in women who have recently experienced gestational diabetes mellitus (post-GDM). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 132 asymptomatic post-GDM women was conducted to close this gap (Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05273073). The intervention (probiotics) group received a cocktail of six probiotic strains from Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus for 12 weeks, while the placebo group received an identical sachet devoid of living microorganisms. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyses, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing results were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. After the 12-week intervention, the probiotics group’s fasting blood glucose level significantly decreased (mean difference −0.20 mmol/L; p = 0.0021). The HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05). Sequencing data also demonstrated a large rise in the Bifidobacterium adolescentis following probiotic supplementation. Our findings suggest that multi-strain probiotics are beneficial for improved metabolic and inflammatory outcomes in post-GDM women by modulating gut dysbiosis. This study emphasizes the necessity for a comprehensive strategy for postpartum treatment that includes probiotics to protect post-GDM women from developing glucose intolerance.
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25
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Pither MD, Sun ML, Speciale I, Silipo A, Zhang YZ, Molinaro A, Di Lorenzo F. Structural determination of the lipid A from the deep-sea bacterium Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87: a small-scale approach. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:565-578. [PMID: 35930130 PMCID: PMC9470727 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87 is a deep-sea sedimentary bacterium from the phylum Bacteroidetes, representing a new genus of Flavobacteriaceae. It was previously investigated for its capability of yielding high quantities of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) with interesting rheological properties, including high viscosity and tolerance to high salinities and temperatures. However, as a Gram-negative, Z. profunda SM-A87 also expresses lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as the main components of the external leaflet of its outer membrane. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of the glycolipid part of this LPS, i.e. the lipid A, which was achieved by-passing the extraction procedure of the full LPS and by working on the ethanol precipitation product, which contained both the CPS fraction and bacterial cells. To this aim a dual approach was adopted and all analyses confirmed the isolation of Z. profunda SM-A87 lipid A that turned out to be a blend of species with high levels of heterogeneity both in the acylation and phosphorylation pattern, as well as in the hydrophilic backbone composition. Mono-phosphorylated tetra- and penta-acylated lipid A species were identified and characterized by a high content of branched, odd-numbered, and unsaturated fatty acid chains as well as, for some species, by the presence of a hybrid disaccharide backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Dorothy Pither
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Mei-Ling Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Immacolata Speciale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy.
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26
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Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron rough-type lipopolysaccharide: The chemical structure and the immunological activity. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:120040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Crohn’s Disease, Host–Microbiota Interactions, and Immunonutrition: Dietary Strategies Targeting Gut Microbiome as Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158361. [PMID: 35955491 PMCID: PMC9369148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a complex, disabling, idiopathic, progressive, and destructive disorder with an unknown etiology. The pathogenesis of CD is multifactorial and involves the interplay between host genetics, and environmental factors, resulting in an aberrant immune response leading to intestinal inflammation. Due to the high morbidity and long-term management of CD, the development of non-pharmacological approaches to mitigate the severity of CD has recently attracted great attention. The gut microbiota has been recognized as an important player in the development of CD, and general alterations in the gut microbiome have been established in these patients. Thus, the gut microbiome has emerged as a pre-eminent target for potential new treatments in CD. Epidemiological and interventional studies have demonstrated that diet could impact the gut microbiome in terms of composition and functionality. However, how specific dietary strategies could modulate the gut microbiota composition and how this would impact host–microbe interactions in CD are still unclear. In this review, we discuss the most recent knowledge on host–microbe interactions and their involvement in CD pathogenesis and severity, and we highlight the most up-to-date information on gut microbiota modulation through nutritional strategies, focusing on the role of the microbiota in gut inflammation and immunity.
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28
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A proteolytically activated antimicrobial toxin encoded on a mobile plasmid of Bacteroidales induces a protective response. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4258. [PMID: 35871068 PMCID: PMC9308784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31925-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phocaeicola vulgatus is one of the most abundant and ubiquitous bacterial species of the human gut microbiota, yet a comprehensive analysis of antibacterial toxin production by members of this species has not been reported. Here, we identify and characterize a previously undescribed antibacterial protein. This toxin, designated BcpT, is encoded on a small mobile plasmid that is largely confined to strains of the closely related species Phocaeicola vulgatus and Phocaeicola dorei. BcpT is unusual in that it requires cleavage at two distinct sites for activation, and we identify bacterial proteases that perform this activation. We further identify BcpT's receptor as the Lipid A-core glycan, allowing BcpT to target species of other Bacteroidales families. Exposure of cells to BcpT induces a response involving an unusual sigma/anti-sigma factor pair that is likely triggered by cell envelope stress, resulting in the expression of genes that partially protect cells from multiple antimicrobial toxins.
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29
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Ma Y, Liu Q. Generalized matrix factorization based on weighted hypergraph learning for microbe-drug association prediction. Comput Biol Med 2022; 145:105503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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30
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Sarmikasoglou E, Faciola AP. Ruminal bacteria lipopolysaccharides: an immunological and microbial outlook. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:41. [PMID: 35418112 PMCID: PMC9008999 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are outer membrane components of Gram-negative bacteria made of three regions: the O-antigen; the core oligosaccharide; and a glucosamine disaccharide linked to hydroxy fatty acids, which is named lipid A. The number phosphate groups, and hydroxy fatty acid chains is associated with the immunopotency and the immunomodulatory activity of LPS, where six-acyl chain lipid A with two phosphate groups is found in virulent strains and five- or four-acyl chain lipid A with one phosphate group are found in non-virulent bacteria strains. Ruminal bacteria are predominantly Gram-negative and their LPS have not been thoroughly investigated. In the rumen, LPS is comprised of mixed ruminal LPS. Drawing upon a body of theoretical and applied work, this paper aims to critically review the scientific literature regarding single-species and mixed ruminal bacteria LPS, highlighting the importance of ruminal LPS to the host. Lastly, future research directions are suggested in order to further our understanding of the roles of LPS in the rumen. Possible suggestions for further understanding ruminal LPS include (1) in silico evaluation of major bacteria contributing to ruminal LPS, (2) structural characterization of LPS from prominent ruminal bacteria species, such as ruminal selenomonads and Megasphaera elsdenii, and, (3) ruminal epithelial tissue immune response evaluation from single-species and mixed ruminal LPS. In conclusion, this review identifies numerous areas for future research, including setting the basis for future modeling and simulation of host microbiome interactions in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sarmikasoglou
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - A P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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31
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Yuan N, Li X, Wang M, Zhang Z, Qiao L, Gao Y, Xu X, Zhi J, Li Y, Li Z, Jia Y. Gut Microbiota Alteration Influences Colorectal Cancer Metastasis to the Liver by Remodeling the Liver Immune Microenvironment. Gut Liver 2022; 16:575-588. [PMID: 35318288 PMCID: PMC9289841 DOI: 10.5009/gnl210177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims This study aimed to explore the effect of gut microbiota-regulated Kupffer cells (KCs) on colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis. Methods A series of in vivo and in vitro researches were showed to demonstrate the gut microbiota and its possible mechanism in CRC liver metastasis. Results Fewer liver metastases were identified in the ampicillin-streptomycin-colistin and colistin groups. Increased proportions of Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Bacteroides uniformis were observed in the colistin group. The significant expansion of KCs was identified in the ampicillin-streptomycin-colistin and colistin groups. B. vulgatus levels were positively correlated with KC levels. More liver metastases were observed in the vancomycin group. An increased abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis and Proteus mirabilis and an obvious reduction of KCs were noted in the vancomycin group. P. mirabilis levels were negatively related to KC levels. The number of liver metastatic nodules was increased in the P. mirabilis group and decreased in the B. vulgatus group. The number of KCs decreased in the P. mirabilis group and increased in the B. vulgatus group. In vitro, as P. mirabilis or B. vulgatus doses increased, there was an opposite effect on KC proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manners. P. mirabilis induced CT26 cell migration by controlling KC proliferation, whereas B. vulgatus prevented this migration. Conclusions An increased abundance of P. mirabilis and decreased amount of B. vulgatus play key roles in CRC liver metastasis, which might be related to KC reductions in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Third Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- The Third Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Lu Qiao
- The Third Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yamei Gao
- The Third Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinjian Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Zhi
- The Third Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhongxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yitao Jia
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Third Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Mohr AE, Crawford M, Jasbi P, Fessler S, Sweazea KL. Lipopolysaccharide and the gut microbiota: Considering structural variation. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:849-875. [PMID: 35262962 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is associated with chronic disease and is purported to be a main pathogenic mechanism underlying metabolic conditions. Microbes harbored in the host gastrointestinal tract release signaling byproducts from their cell wall, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which can act locally and, after crossing the gut barrier and entering circulation, also systemically. Defined as metabolic endotoxemia, elevated concentrations of LPS in circulation are associated with metabolic conditions and chronic disease. As such, measurement of LPS is highly prevalent in animal and human research investigating these states. Indeed, LPS can be a potent stimulant of host immunity but this response depends on the microbial species' origin, a parameter often overlooked in both preclinical and clinical investigations. Indeed, the lipid A portion of LPS is mutable and comprises the main virulence and endotoxic component, thus contributing to the structural and functional diversity among LPSs from microbial species. In this review, we discuss how such structural differences in LPS can induce differential immunological responses in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Meli'sa Crawford
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Riverside, California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Paniz Jasbi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Samantha Fessler
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Karen L Sweazea
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
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33
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Lipopolysaccharide O-antigen molecular and supramolecular modifications of plant root microbiota are pivotal for host recognition. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118839. [PMID: 34893256 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides, the major outer membrane components of Gram-negative bacteria, are crucial actors of the host-microbial dialogue. They can contribute to the establishment of either symbiosis or bacterial virulence, depending on the bacterial lifestyle. Plant microbiota shows great complexity, promotes plant health and growth and assures protection from pathogens. How plants perceive LPS from plant-associated bacteria and discriminate between beneficial and pathogenic microbes is an open and urgent question. Here, we report on the structure, conformation, membrane properties and immune recognition of LPS isolated from the Arabidopsis thaliana root microbiota member Herbaspirillum sp. Root189. The LPS consists of an O-methylated and variously acetylated D-rhamnose containing polysaccharide with a rather hydrophobic surface. Plant immunology studies in A. thaliana demonstrate that the native acetylated O-antigen shields the LPS from immune recognition whereas the O-deacylated one does not. These findings highlight the role of Herbaspirillum LPS within plant-microbial crosstalk, and how O-antigen modifications influence membrane properties and modulate LPS host recognition.
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34
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Garcia-Vello P, Di Lorenzo F, Zucchetta D, Zamyatina A, De Castro C, Molinaro A. Lipopolysaccharide lipid A: A promising molecule for new immunity-based therapies and antibiotics. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 230:107970. [PMID: 34454000 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the main components of the external leaflet of the Gram-negative outer membrane and consist of three different moieties: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-polysaccharide. The lipid A is a glucosamine disaccharide with different levels of acylation and phosphorylation, beside carrying, in certain cases, additional substituents on the sugar backbone. It is also the main immunostimulatory part of the LPS, as its recognition by the host immune system represents a fundamental event for detection of perilous microorganisms. Moreover, an uncontrolled immune response caused by a large amount of circulating LPS can lead to dramatic outcomes for human health, such as septic shock. The immunostimulant properties of an LPS incredibly vary depending on lipid A chemical structure, and for this reason, natural and synthetic variants of the lipid A are under study to develop new drugs that mimic or antagonise its natural effects. Here, we review past and recent findings on the lipid A as an antibiotic target and immune-therapeutic molecule, with a special attention on the crucial role of the chemical structure and its exploitation for conceiving novel strategies for treatment of several immune-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Garcia-Vello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniele Zucchetta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alla Zamyatina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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35
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Structures and functions of the gut microbial lipidome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159110. [PMID: 34995792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipids provide signals that are responsible for maintaining host health and controlling disease. The differences in the structures of microbial lipids have been shown to alter receptor selectivity and agonist/antagonist activity. Advanced lipidomics is an emerging field that helps to elucidate the complex bacterial lipid diversity. The use of cutting-edge technologies is expected to lead to the discovery of new functional metabolites involved in host homeostasis. This review aims to describe recent updates on functional lipid metabolites derived from gut microbiota, their structure-activity relationships, and advanced lipidomics technologies.
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36
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Pither MD, Mantova G, Scaglione E, Pagliuca C, Colicchio R, Vitiello M, Chernikov OV, Hua KF, Kokoulin MS, Silipo A, Salvatore P, Molinaro A, Di Lorenzo F. The Unusual Lipid A Structure and Immunoinhibitory Activity of LPS from Marine Bacteria Echinicola pacifica KMM 6172 T and Echinicola vietnamensis KMM 6221 T. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122552. [PMID: 34946153 PMCID: PMC8707317 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria experiencing marine habitats are constantly exposed to stressful conditions dictating their survival and proliferation. In response to these selective pressures, marine microorganisms adapt their membrane system to ensure protection and dynamicity in order to face the highly mutable sea environments. As an integral part of the Gram-negative outer membrane, structural modifications are commonly observed in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule; these mainly involve its glycolipid portion, i.e., the lipid A, mostly with regard to fatty acid content, to counterbalance the alterations caused by chemical and physical agents. As a consequence, unusual structural chemical features are frequently encountered in the lipid A of marine bacteria. By a combination of data attained from chemical, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS), and MS/MS analyses, here, we describe the structural characterization of the lipid A isolated from two marine bacteria of the Echinicola genus, i.e., E. pacifica KMM 6172T and E. vietnamensis KMM 6221T. This study showed for both strains a complex blend of mono-phosphorylated tri- and tetra-acylated lipid A species carrying an additional sugar moiety, a d-galacturonic acid, on the glucosamine backbone. The unusual chemical structures are reflected in a molecule that only scantly activates the immune response upon its binding to the LPS innate immunity receptor, the TLR4-MD-2 complex. Strikingly, both LPS potently inhibited the toxic effects of proinflammatory Salmonella LPS on human TLR4/MD-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Dorothy Pither
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.D.P.); (A.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Mantova
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini n 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.S.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Elena Scaglione
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini n 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.S.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (P.S.)
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini n 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.S.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Roberta Colicchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini n 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.S.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Mariateresa Vitiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini n 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.S.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Oleg V. Chernikov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (O.V.C.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Shen-Lung Road, Ilan 26099, Taiwan;
| | - Maxim S. Kokoulin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (O.V.C.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.D.P.); (A.S.); (A.M.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini n 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.S.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (P.S.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Via G. Salvatore n 436, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.D.P.); (A.S.); (A.M.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Shimoyama A, Fukase K. Lipid A-Mediated Bacterial-Host Chemical Ecology: Synthetic Research of Bacterial Lipid As and Their Development as Adjuvants. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206294. [PMID: 34684874 PMCID: PMC8538916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterial cell surface component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its active principle, lipid A, exhibit immunostimulatory effects and have the potential to act as adjuvants. However, canonical LPS acts as an endotoxin by hyperstimulating the immune response. Therefore, LPS and lipid A must be structurally modified to minimize their toxic effects while maintaining their adjuvant effect for application as vaccine adjuvants. In the field of chemical ecology research, various biological phenomena occurring among organisms are considered molecular interactions. Recently, the hypothesis has been proposed that LPS and lipid A mediate bacterial-host chemical ecology to regulate various host biological phenomena, mainly immunity. Parasitic and symbiotic bacteria inhabiting the host are predicted to possess low-toxicity immunomodulators due to the chemical structural changes of their LPS caused by co-evolution with the host. Studies on the chemical synthesis and functional evaluation of their lipid As have been developed to test this hypothesis and to apply them to low-toxicity and safe adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.F.)
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.F.)
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38
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Di Lorenzo F, Duda KA, Lanzetta R, Silipo A, De Castro C, Molinaro A. A Journey from Structure to Function of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides. Chem Rev 2021; 122:15767-15821. [PMID: 34286971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a crucial constituent of the outer membrane of most Gram-negative bacteria, playing a fundamental role in the protection of bacteria from environmental stress factors, in drug resistance, in pathogenesis, and in symbiosis. During the last decades, LPS has been thoroughly dissected, and massive information on this fascinating biomolecule is now available. In this Review, we will give the reader a third millennium update of the current knowledge of LPS with key information on the inherent peculiar carbohydrate chemistry due to often puzzling sugar residues that are uniquely found on it. Then, we will drive the reader through the complex and multifarious immunological outcomes that any given LPS can raise, which is strictly dependent on its chemical structure. Further, we will argue about issues that still remain unresolved and that would represent the immediate future of LPS research. It is critical to address these points to complete our notions on LPS chemistry, functions, and roles, in turn leading to innovative ways to manipulate the processes involving such a still controversial and intriguing biomolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Katarzyna A Duda
- Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center, Parkallee 4a, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Rosa Lanzetta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.,Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 96, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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39
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Ye W, Yan Y, Tang Y, Dong X, Chen G, Kang J, Huang L, Xiong Q, Feng Z. Orexin-A Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neural Stem Cells by Regulating NF-KB and Phosphorylation of MAPK/P38/Erk Pathways. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2007-2017. [PMID: 34040413 PMCID: PMC8140926 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s308078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronal damage is the main cause of neurological diseases. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the functions of cell repair and replacement of neurons, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and immune regulation of the neural microenvironment. Objective Previous study found that Orexin-A had a protective effect on neurons in the central nervous system, but it is lacking in making great efforts on the function of Orexin-A on NSCs. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory responses and signaling mechanisms of Orexin-A on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NSCs. Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA level. Signaling pathway-related protein expression was detected by Western blot. The proliferation and migration of NSCs were investigated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) detection kit and transwell assay. Besides, the staining of hematoxylin and eosin (HE) was performed to study the morphology of cell. Results Orexin-A decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 induced by LPS by regulating nuclear factor-k-gene binding (NF-kB) and phosphorylation of P38/Erk-mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways, but not p-JNK signaling. Conclusion Our findings indicate that Orexin-A can alleviate the inflammatory response of NSC. It can provide beneficial help in neural stem cell therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunliang Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Dong
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengfa Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianghua Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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40
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Jost M, Jacobson AN, Hussmann JA, Cirolia G, Fischbach MA, Weissman JS. CRISPR-based functional genomics in human dendritic cells. eLife 2021; 10:e65856. [PMID: 33904395 PMCID: PMC8104964 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) regulate processes ranging from antitumor and antiviral immunity to host-microbe communication at mucosal surfaces. It remains difficult, however, to genetically manipulate human DCs, limiting our ability to probe how DCs elicit specific immune responses. Here, we develop a CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing method for human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) that mediates knockouts with a median efficiency of >94% across >300 genes. Using this method, we perform genetic screens in moDCs, identifying mechanisms by which DCs tune responses to lipopolysaccharides from the human microbiome. In addition, we reveal donor-specific responses to lipopolysaccharides, underscoring the importance of assessing immune phenotypes in donor-derived cells, and identify candidate genes that control this specificity, highlighting the potential of our method to pinpoint determinants of inter-individual variation in immunity. Our work sets the stage for a systematic dissection of the immune signaling at the host-microbiome interface and for targeted engineering of DCs for neoantigen vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Jost
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Amy N Jacobson
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- ChEM-H, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Jeffrey A Hussmann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeUnited States
| | | | - Michael A Fischbach
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- ChEM-H, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
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41
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Shimoyama A, Di Lorenzo F, Yamaura H, Mizote K, Palmigiano A, Pither MD, Speciale I, Uto T, Masui S, Sturiale L, Garozzo D, Hosomi K, Shibata N, Kabayama K, Fujimoto Y, Silipo A, Kunisawa J, Kiyono H, Molinaro A, Fukase K. Lipopolysaccharide from Gut-Associated Lymphoid-Tissue-Resident Alcaligenes faecalis: Complete Structure Determination and Chemical Synthesis of Its Lipid A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10023-10031. [PMID: 33522128 PMCID: PMC8252424 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcaligenes faecalis is the predominant Gram-negative bacterium inhabiting gut-associated lymphoid tissues, Peyer's patches. We previously reported that an A. faecalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) acted as a weak agonist for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2) receptor as well as a potent inducer of IgA without excessive inflammation, thus suggesting that A. faecalis LPS might be used as a safe adjuvant. In this study, we characterized the structure of both the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and LPS from A. faecalis. We synthesized three lipid A molecules with different degrees of acylation by an efficient route involving the simultaneous introduction of 1- and 4'-phosphates. Hexaacylated A. faecalis lipid A showed moderate agonistic activity towards TLR4-mediated signaling and the ability to elicit a discrete interleukin-6 release in human cell lines and mice. It was thus found to be the active principle of the LOS/LPS and a promising vaccine adjuvant candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shimoyama
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University1-1 Machikaneyama, ToyonakaOsaka560-0043Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental SciencesOsaka University1-1 Machikaneyama, ToyonakaOsaka560-0043Japan
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Task Force on Microbiome StudiesUniversity of Naples Federico IIVia Cinthia 480126NaplesItaly
| | - Haruki Yamaura
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University1-1 Machikaneyama, ToyonakaOsaka560-0043Japan
| | - Keisuke Mizote
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University1-1 Machikaneyama, ToyonakaOsaka560-0043Japan
| | - Angelo Palmigiano
- CNRInstitute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials IPCBVia P. Gaifami 1895126CataniaItaly
| | - Molly D. Pither
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIVia Cinthia 480126NaplesItaly
| | - Immacolata Speciale
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Task Force on Microbiome StudiesUniversity of Naples Federico IIVia Cinthia 480126NaplesItaly
| | - Tomoya Uto
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University1-1 Machikaneyama, ToyonakaOsaka560-0043Japan
| | - Seiji Masui
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University1-1 Machikaneyama, ToyonakaOsaka560-0043Japan
| | - Luisa Sturiale
- CNRInstitute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials IPCBVia P. Gaifami 1895126CataniaItaly
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- CNRInstitute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials IPCBVia P. Gaifami 1895126CataniaItaly
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine MaterialsCenter for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental SystemNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionOsaka567-0085Japan
| | - Naoko Shibata
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringWaseda University3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-kuTokyo169-8555Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University1-1 Machikaneyama, ToyonakaOsaka560-0043Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental SciencesOsaka University1-1 Machikaneyama, ToyonakaOsaka560-0043Japan
| | - Yukari Fujimoto
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-kuYokohamaKanagawa223-8522Japan
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Task Force on Microbiome StudiesUniversity of Naples Federico IIVia Cinthia 480126NaplesItaly
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine MaterialsCenter for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental SystemNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionOsaka567-0085Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal VaccinesThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of Tokyo4–6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-kuTokyo108-8639Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal VaccinesThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of Tokyo4–6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-kuTokyo108-8639Japan
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University1-1 Machikaneyama, ToyonakaOsaka560-0043Japan
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Task Force on Microbiome StudiesUniversity of Naples Federico IIVia Cinthia 480126NaplesItaly
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University1-1 Machikaneyama, ToyonakaOsaka560-0043Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental SciencesOsaka University1-1 Machikaneyama, ToyonakaOsaka560-0043Japan
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Shimoyama A, Di Lorenzo F, Yamaura H, Mizote K, Palmigiano A, Pither MD, Speciale I, Uto T, Masui S, Sturiale L, Garozzo D, Hosomi K, Shibata N, Kabayama K, Fujimoto Y, Silipo A, Kunisawa J, Kiyono H, Molinaro A, Fukase K. Lipopolysaccharide from Gut‐Associated Lymphoid‐Tissue‐Resident
Alcaligenes faecalis
: Complete Structure Determination and Chemical Synthesis of Its Lipid A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Task Force on Microbiome Studies University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Haruki Yamaura
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Keisuke Mizote
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Angelo Palmigiano
- CNR Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials IPCB Via P. Gaifami 18 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Molly D. Pither
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Immacolata Speciale
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Task Force on Microbiome Studies University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Tomoya Uto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Seiji Masui
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Luisa Sturiale
- CNR Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials IPCB Via P. Gaifami 18 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- CNR Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials IPCB Via P. Gaifami 18 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Naoko Shibata
- Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yukari Fujimoto
- Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Task Force on Microbiome Studies University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition Osaka 567-0085 Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo 4–6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo 4–6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Task Force on Microbiome Studies University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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Schijns V, Majhen D, van der Ley P, Thakur A, Summerfield A, Berisio R, Nativi C, Fernández-Tejada A, Alvarez-Dominguez C, Gizurarson S, Zamyatina A, Molinaro A, Rosano C, Jakopin Ž, Gursel I, McClean S. Rational Vaccine Design in Times of Emerging Diseases: The Critical Choices of Immunological Correlates of Protection, Vaccine Antigen and Immunomodulation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:501. [PMID: 33917629 PMCID: PMC8067490 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are the most effective medical intervention due to their continual success in preventing infections and improving mortality worldwide. Early vaccines were developed empirically however, rational design of vaccines can allow us to optimise their efficacy, by tailoring the immune response. Establishing the immune correlates of protection greatly informs the rational design of vaccines. This facilitates the selection of the best vaccine antigens and the most appropriate vaccine adjuvant to generate optimal memory immune T cell and B cell responses. This review outlines the range of vaccine types that are currently authorised and those under development. We outline the optimal immunological correlates of protection that can be targeted. Finally we review approaches to rational antigen selection and rational vaccine adjuvant design. Harnessing current knowledge on protective immune responses in combination with critical vaccine components is imperative to the prevention of future life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Schijns
- Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Utrecht Science Park, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
- Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), 5374 RE Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Dragomira Majhen
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Instiute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Peter van der Ley
- Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Utrecht Science Park, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Aneesh Thakur
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhausern, Switzerland;
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rita Berisio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, I-80134 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Alberto Fernández-Tejada
- Chemical Immunology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Biscay Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio-Bilbao, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Dominguez
- Facultativo en plantilla (Research Faculty), Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Sveinbjörn Gizurarson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland;
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Alla Zamyatina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Camillo Rosano
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova-1, Italy;
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubiljana, Slovenia;
| | - Ihsan Gursel
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Science Faculty, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Siobhán McClean
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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Swietnicki W, Caspi R. Prediction of Selected Biosynthetic Pathways for the Lipopolysaccharide Components in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030374. [PMID: 33804654 PMCID: PMC8003790 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is an oral human pathogen. The bacterium destroys dental tissue and is a serious health problem worldwide. Experimental data and bioinformatic analysis revealed that the pathogen produces three types of lipopolysaccharides (LPS): normal (O-type), anionic (A-type), and capsular (K-type). The enzymes involved in the production of all three types of lipopolysaccharide have been largely identified for the first two and partially for the third type. In the current work, we use bioinformatics tools to predict biosynthetic pathways for the production of the normal (O-type) lipopolysaccharide in the W50 strain Porphyromonas gingivalis and compare the pathway with other putative pathways in fully sequenced and completed genomes of other pathogenic strains. Selected enzymes from the pathway have been modeled and putative structures are presented. The pathway for the A-type antigen could not be predicted at this time due to two mutually exclusive structures proposed in the literature. The pathway for K-type antigen biosynthesis could not be predicted either due to the lack of structural data for the antigen. However, pathways for the synthesis of lipid A, its core components, and the O-type antigen ligase reaction have been proposed based on a combination of experimental data and bioinformatic analyses. The predicted pathways are compared with known pathways in other systems and discussed. It is the first report in the literature showing, in detail, predicted pathways for the synthesis of selected LPS components for the model W50 strain of P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslaw Swietnicki
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of PAS, ul. R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ron Caspi
- Artificial Intelligence Center, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025-3493, USA;
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Wu X, Unno T, Kang S, Park S. A Korean-Style Balanced Diet Has a Potential Connection with Ruminococcaceae Enterotype and Reduction of Metabolic Syndrome Incidence in Korean Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020495. [PMID: 33546299 PMCID: PMC7913599 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with usual dietary patterns that may be involved in enterotypes. We aimed to understand the potential relationship of enterotypes and dietary patterns to influence metabolic syndrome in the Koreans. Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)-VI in 2014, metabolic parameters were also analyzed among the dietary patterns classified by principal component analysis in Korean adults. The fecal microbiota data of 1199 Korean adults collected in 2014 were obtained from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Enterotypes were classified based on Dirichlet multinomial mixtures (DMM) by Mothur v.1.36. The functional abundance of fecal bacteria was analyzed using the PICRUSt2 pipeline. Korean adults were clustered into three dietary patterns including Korean-style balanced diets (KBD, 20.4%), rice-based diets (RBD, 17.2%), and Western-style diets (WSD, 62.4%) in KNHANES. The incidence of metabolic syndrome was lowered in the order of RBD, WSD, and KBD. The participants having a KBD had lower serum C-reactive protein and triglyceride concentrations than those with RBD and WSD (p < 0.05). Three types of fecal bacteria were classified as Ruminococcaceae type (ET-R, 28.7%), Prevotella type (ET-P, 52.2%), and Bacteroides type (ET-B, 42.1%; p < 0.05). ET-P had a higher abundance of Prevotella copri, while ET-R contained a higher abundance of Alistipes, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. ET-B had a higher abundance of the order Bilophila (p < 0.05). Metabolism of propanoate, starch, and sucrose in fecal microbiome was higher in ET-P and ET-R, whereas fatty acid metabolism was enhanced in ET-B. Fecal microbiota in ET-P and ET-B had higher lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis activity than that in ET-R. The metabolic results of KBD and RBD were consistent with ET-R and ET-P’s gut microbiota metabolism, respectively. In conclusion, Korean enterotypes of ET-P, ET-B, and ET-R were associated with RBD, WSD, and KBD, respectively. This study suggests a potential link between dietary patterns, metabolic syndrome, and enterotypes among Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuangao Wu
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (X.W.); (S.K.)
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Faculty of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Suna Kang
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (X.W.); (S.K.)
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (X.W.); (S.K.)
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-540-5345; Fax: +82-41-548-0670
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Michaelis L, Treß M, Löw HC, Klees J, Klameth C, Lange A, Grießhammer A, Schäfer A, Menz S, Steimle A, Schulze-Osthoff K, Frick JS. Gut Commensal-Induced IκBζ Expression in Dendritic Cells Influences the Th17 Response. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612336. [PMID: 33542719 PMCID: PMC7851057 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal commensal bacteria can have a large impact on the state of health and disease of the host. Regulation of Th17 cell development by gut commensals is known to contribute to their dichotomous role in promoting gut homeostasis and host defense, or development of autoimmune diseases. Yet, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. One candidate factor contributing to Th17 differentiation, and the expression of which could be influenced by commensals is the atypical nuclear IκB protein IκBζ. IκBζ acts as a transcriptional regulator of the expression of Th17-related secondary response genes in many cell types including dendritic cells (DCs). Insights into the regulation of IκBζ in DCs could shed light on how these immune sentinel cells at the interface between commensals, innate and adaptive immune system drive an immune-tolerogenic or inflammatory Th17 cell response. In this study, the influence of two gut commensals of low (Bacteroides vulgatus) or high (Escherichia coli) immunogenicity on IκBζ expression in DCs and its downstream effects was analyzed. We observed that the amount of IκBζ expression and secretion of Th17-inducing cytokines correlated with the immunogenicity of these commensals. However, under immune-balanced conditions, E. coli also strongly induced an IκBζ-dependent secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10, facilitating a counter-regulative Treg response as assessed in in vitro CD4+ T cell polarization assays. Yet, in an in vivo mouse model of T cell-induced colitis, prone to inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, administration of E. coli promoted an expansion of rather pro-inflammatory T helper cell subsets whereas administration of B. vulgatus resulted in the induction of protective T helper cell subsets. These findings might contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases using commensals or commensal-derived components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Michaelis
- Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Treß
- Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hanna-Christine Löw
- Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Klees
- Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Klameth
- Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Lange
- Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne Grießhammer
- Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Schäfer
- Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Menz
- Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alex Steimle
- Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Julia-Stefanie Frick
- Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Solving the structural puzzle of bacterial glycome. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 68:74-83. [PMID: 33434849 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of the bacterial glycome (glycomics) is among the complex 'omics' analysis owing to the inherent difficulties in structural and functional characterization of glycans. The complexity and variability of bacterial glycans, spanning from simple carbohydrates to complex glycolipids, glycopeptides and glycoproteins, make their study a challenging research area. The last two decades have witnessed tremendous advances and development of highly sophisticated methods, in combination with optimized protocols and hyphenate techniques for the understanding of structure, conformations, dynamics and organization of microbial glycans. We here present an overview of the novel approaches that have massively improved our understanding of the carbohydrate-based world of bacteria.
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Tsai CY, Lu HC, Chou YH, Liu PY, Chen HY, Huang MC, Lin CH, Tsai CN. Gut Microbial Signatures for Glycemic Responses of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Pilot Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:814770. [PMID: 35095773 PMCID: PMC8793908 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.814770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) is probably one of more effective antidiabetic agents in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, the heterogenicity in responses to GLP-1 RA may be potentially related to gut microbiota, although no human evidence has been published. This pilot study aims to identify microbial signatures associated with glycemic responses to GLP-1 RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microbial compositions of 52 patients with T2D receiving GLP-1 RA were determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Bacterial biodiversity was compared between responders versus non-responders. Pearson's correlation and random forest tree algorithm were used to identify microbial features of glycemic responses in T2D patients and multivariable linear regression models were used to validate clinical relevance. RESULTS Beta diversity significantly differed between GLP-1 RA responders (n = 34) and non-responders (n = 18) (ADONIS, P = 0.004). The top 17 features associated with glycohemoglobin reduction had a 0.96 diagnostic ability, based on area under the ROC curve: Bacteroides dorei and Roseburia inulinivorans, the two microbes having immunomodulation effects, along with Lachnoclostridium sp. and Butyricicoccus sp., were positively correlated with glycemic reduction; Prevotella copri, the microbe related to insulin resistance, together with Ruminococcaceae sp., Bacteroidales sp., Eubacterium coprostanoligenes sp., Dialister succinatiphilus, Alistipes obesi, Mitsuokella spp., Butyricimonas virosa, Moryella sp., and Lactobacillus mucosae had negative correlation. Furthermore, Bacteroides dorei, Lachnoclostridium sp. and Mitsuokella multacida were significant after adjusting for baseline glycohemoglobin and C-peptide concentrations, two clinical confounders. CONCLUSIONS Unique gut microbial signatures are associated with glycemic responses to GLP-RA treatment and reflect degrees of dysbiosis in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yiu Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chen Lu
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Chou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Hsin-Yun Chen
- Department of Medical Nutrition Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chuan Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chia-Hung Lin, ; Chi-Neu Tsai,
| | - Chi-Neu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chia-Hung Lin, ; Chi-Neu Tsai,
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Alsharairi NA. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Interplay between a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet and the Infant Gut Microbiota and Its Therapeutic Implications for Reducing Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9580. [PMID: 33339172 PMCID: PMC7765661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is well known as playing a critical role in inflammation and asthma development. The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is suggested to affect gut microbiota; however, the effects of VLCKD during pregnancy and lactation on the infant gut microbiota are unclear. The VLCKD appears to be more effective than caloric/energy restriction diets for the treatment of several diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. However, whether adherence to VLCKD affects the infant gut microbiota and the protective effects thereof on asthma remains uncertain. The exact mechanisms underlying this process, and in particular the potential role of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are still to be unravelled. Thus, the aim of this review is to identify the potential role of SCFAs that underlie the effects of VLCKD during pregnancy and lactation on the infant gut microbiota, and explore whether it incurs significant implications for reducing asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A Alsharairi
- Heart, Mind & Body Research Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
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50
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Zhu Q, Shen Z, Chiodo F, Nicolardi S, Molinaro A, Silipo A, Yu B. Chemical synthesis of glycans up to a 128-mer relevant to the O-antigen of Bacteroides vulgatus. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4142. [PMID: 32811831 PMCID: PMC7434892 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans are involved in various life processes and represent critical targets of biomedical developments. Nevertheless, the accessibility to long glycans with precise structures remains challenging. Here we report on the synthesis of glycans consisting of [→4)-α-Rha-(1 → 3)-β-Man-(1 → ] repeating unit, which are relevant to the O-antigen of Bacteroides vulgatus, a common component of gut microbiota. The optimal combination of assembly strategy, protecting group arrangement, and glycosylation reaction has enabled us to synthesize up to a 128-mer glycan. The synthetic glycans are accurately characterized by advanced NMR and MS approaches, the 3D structures are defined, and their potent binding activity with human DC-SIGN, a receptor associated with the gut lymphoid tissue, is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhengnan Shen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Huaxia Middle Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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