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Hamza RA, Mostafa I, Mohamed YS, Dora GA, Ateya AM, Abdelaal M, Fantoukh OI, Alqahtani A, Attia RA. Bioguided isolation of potential antitumor agents from the aerial parts of cultivated cardoon ( Cynara cardunculus var. altilis). Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:125-134. [PMID: 36685304 PMCID: PMC9845127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide; therefore, searching for an effective treatment for this illness is of great importance. In the present work, in vitro cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Cynara cardunculus L. against human liver carcinoma cells (Hep G2) was tested. Additionally, the antitumor activity of the extract was confirmed using chemically induced rat liver carcinogenesis with diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Moreover, bioguided fractionation and column chromatographic separation of the active compounds were carried out. The extract of C. cardunculus showed a promising cytotoxic activity according to the protocols of the National Cancer Institute. Bioguided chromatographic separation of the ethanol extract of C. cardunculus led to the isolation of seven secondary metabolites including two sesquiterpene lactones as the principal active components of the methylene chloride soluble fraction, grosheimin (IC50 = 7.49 µg/mL) and cynaropicrin (IC50 = 13.9 µg/mL). The compounds were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques such as EI-MS, IR and NMR. Additionally, in silico analysis of the two active compounds revealed their ability to bind with caspase-3 via hydrogen bonds interactions to initiate apoptosis of cancer cells. The results shed the light on the significance of C. cardunculus as a potential source of antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A. Hamza
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Islam Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmin S. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Dora
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Monem Ateya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdelaal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Omer I. Fantoukh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding authors.
| | - Abdulaziz Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha A. Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt,Corresponding authors.
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Vasyutkina EA, Yugay YA, Grigorchuk VP, Grishchenko OV, Sorokina MR, Yaroshenko YL, Kudinova OD, Stepochkina VD, Bulgakov VP, Shkryl YN. Effect of Stress Signals and Ib-rolB/C Overexpression on Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis in Cell Cultures of Ipomoea batatas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315100. [PMID: 36499423 PMCID: PMC9740395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ipomoea batatas is a vital root crop and a source of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives (CQAs) with potential health-promoting benefits. As a naturally transgenic plant, I. batatas contains cellular T-DNA (cT-DNA) sequence homologs of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes open reading frame (ORF)14, ORF17n, rooting locus (Rol)B/RolC, ORF13, and ORF18/ORF17n of unknown function. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of abiotic stresses (temperature, ultraviolet, and light) and chemical elicitors (methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and sodium nitroprusside) on the biosynthesis of CQAs and cT-DNA gene expression in I. batatas cell culture as a model system. Among all the applied treatments, ultraviolet irradiation, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid caused the maximal accumulation of secondary compounds. We also discovered that I. batatas cT-DNA genes were not expressed in cell culture, and the studied conditions weakly affected their transcriptional levels. However, the Ib-rolB/C gene expressed under the strong 35S CaMV promoter increased the CQAs content by 1.5-1.9-fold. Overall, our results show that cT-DNA-encoded transgenes are not involved in stress- and chemical elicitor-induced CQAs accumulation in cell cultures of I. batatas. Nevertheless, overaccumulation of RolB/RolC transcripts potentiates the secondary metabolism of sweet potatoes through a currently unknown mechanism. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms linked with CQAs biosynthesis in cell culture of naturally transgenic food crops, i.e., sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Vasyutkina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Yugay
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Valeria P. Grigorchuk
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Olga V. Grishchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Maria R. Sorokina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Yulia L. Yaroshenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Olesya D. Kudinova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Varvara D. Stepochkina
- Advanced Engineering School, Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
| | - Victor P. Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Yury N. Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-4232-312129; Fax: +7-4232-310193
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van Arkel J, Twarogowska A, Cornelis Y, De Marez T, Engel J, Maenhout P, de Vos RCH, Beekwilder J, Van Droogenbroeck B, Cankar K. Effect of Root Storage and Forcing on the Carbohydrate and Secondary Metabolite Composition of Belgian Endive ( Cichorium intybus L. Var. foliosum). ACS FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 2:1546-1557. [PMID: 36313154 PMCID: PMC9594316 DOI: 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.2c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Belgian endive is grown in a two-step cultivation process
that
involves growing of the plants in the field, cold storage of the taproots,
and a second growth period in dark conditions called forcing to yield
the witloof heads. In this study, the changes in the carbohydrate
content and the secondary metabolite composition were studied in different
tissues of Belgian endive during the cultivation process. Belgian
endive heads contain between 336–388 mg/g DW of total soluble
carbohydrates, predominantly fructose and glucose. The heads also
contain phenolic compounds and terpenoids that give Belgian endive
its characteristic bitter taste. The terpenoid and phenolic compound
composition of the heads was found to be constant during the cultivation
season, regardless of the root storage time. In roots, the main storage
carbohydrate, inulin, was degraded during storage and forcing processes;
however, more than 70% of total soluble carbohydrates remained unused
after forcing. Additionally, high amounts of phenolics and terpenoids
were found in the Belgian endive taproots, predominantly chlorogenic
acid, isochlorogenic acid A, and sesquiterpene lactones. As shown
in this study, Belgian endive taproots, which are currently discarded
after forcing, are rich in carbohydrates, terpenes, and phenolic compounds
and therefore have the potential for further valorization. This systematic
study contributes to the understanding of the carbohydrate and secondary
metabolite metabolism during the cultivation process of Belgian endive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen van Arkel
- Wageningen University and Research, BU Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Twarogowska
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food, Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, BE-9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Yannah Cornelis
- Praktijkpunt Landbouw Vlaams-Brabant vzw, Blauwe Stap 25, BE-3020 Herent, Belgium
| | - Tania De Marez
- Inagro vzw, Ieperseweg 87, BE-8800 Rumbeke-Beitem, Belgium
| | - Jasper Engel
- Wageningen University and Research, BU Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Maenhout
- Inagro vzw, Ieperseweg 87, BE-8800 Rumbeke-Beitem, Belgium
| | - Ric C. H. de Vos
- Wageningen University and Research, BU Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jules Beekwilder
- Wageningen University and Research, BU Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Van Droogenbroeck
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food, Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, BE-9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Katarina Cankar
- Wageningen University and Research, BU Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Malik MA, Batterjee MG, Kamli MR, Alzahrani KA, Danish EY, Nabi A. Polyphenol-Capped Biogenic Synthesis of Noble Metallic Silver Nanoparticles for Antifungal Activity against Candida auris. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060639. [PMID: 35736122 PMCID: PMC9225145 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In terms of reduced toxicity, the biologically inspired green synthesis of nanoparticles has emerged as a promising alternative to chemically fabricated nanoparticles. The use of a highly stable, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly aqueous extract of Cynara cardunculus as a reducing and capping agent in this study demonstrated the possibility of green manufacturing of silver nanoparticles (CC-AgNPs). UV-visible spectroscopy validated the development of CC-AgNPs, indicating the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) λmax band at 438 nm. The band gap of CC-AgNPs was found to be 2.26 eV. SEM and TEM analysis examined the surface morphology of CC-AgNPs, and micrographs revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical. The crystallinity, crystallite size, and phase purity of as-prepared nanoparticles were confirmed using XRD analysis, and it was confirmed that the CC-AgNPs were a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline-structured material. Furthermore, the role of active functional groups involved in the reduction and surface capping of CC-AgNPs was revealed using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic technique. CC-AgNPs were mostly spherical and monodispersed, with an average size of 26.89 nm, and were shown to be stable for a longer period without any noticeable change at room temperature. Further, we checked the antifungal mechanism of CC-AgNPs against C. auris MRL6057. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) were 50.0 µg/mL and 100.0 µg/mL respectively. The cell count and viability assay confirmed the fungicidal potential of CC-AgNPs. Further, the analysis showed that CC-AgNPs could induce apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in C. auris MRL6057. Our results also suggest that the CC-AgNPs were responsible for the induction of mitochondrial toxicity. TUNEL assay results revealed that higher concentrations of CC-AgNPs could cause DNA fragmentation. Therefore, the present study suggested that CC-AgNPs hold the capacity for antifungal drug development against C. auris infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood Ahmad Malik
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.B.); (K.A.A.); (E.Y.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maha G. Batterjee
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.B.); (K.A.A.); (E.Y.D.)
| | - Majid Rasool Kamli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Ahmed Alzahrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.B.); (K.A.A.); (E.Y.D.)
| | - Ekram Y. Danish
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.B.); (K.A.A.); (E.Y.D.)
| | - Arshid Nabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
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Frigerio J, Tedesco E, Benetti F, Insolia V, Nicotra G, Mezzasalma V, Pagliari S, Labra M, Campone L. Anticholesterolemic Activity of Three Vegetal Extracts (Artichoke, Caigua, and Fenugreek) and Their Unique Blend. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:726199. [PMID: 34887750 PMCID: PMC8650624 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.726199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic-related diseases, in particular hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia, are a thorn on the side of the national health institutes around the globe. Indeed, liver lipid and cholesterol dysregulation could lead to atherosclerotic plaque formation and cardiovascular diseases. Currently, statin administration and monacolin K consumption are the main therapies proposed to counter this alarming connection, but relevant side effects are known. To overcome this issue, safe nutraceutical formulations and/or vegetal extracts, endowed with anticholesterolemic activity, could be instrumental in hypercholesterolemia prevention and treatment. In the present work, the anticholesterolemic efficacy of three vegetal extracts used in traditional medicine (artichoke, caigua, and fenugreek), their unique blend (ACFB), and the monacolin K-containing red yeast extract (RYR), was investigated with an in vitro approach based on hepatic cell line HepG2. The impact on cholesterol of the three extracts, their blend, and RYR were investigated by determining hepatocyte total and free cholesterol and bile acids biosynthesis. According to our results, the anticholesterolemic activity of the vegetal extracts was confirmed, and a novel choleretic activity of caigua extract was evidenced. ACFB showed to be safer than RYR while showing a similar effect on total and free cholesterol and bile acids synthesis compared to it. The anticholesterolemic activity of the blend was obtained with lower vegetal extract concentrations compared with the single vegetal extract, potentially indicating an additive effect between the extracts. In conclusion, the vegetal extracts and their blend, ACFB, are safe and are endowed with anticholesterolemic activity, potentially providing complementary therapies to the statin-based ones for hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Frigerio
- FEM2-Ambiente, Milano, Italy
- Zooplantlab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Erik Tedesco
- ECSIN-European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, ECAMRICERT SRL, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Benetti
- ECSIN-European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, ECAMRICERT SRL, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Stefania Pagliari
- Zooplantlab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Zooplantlab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Zooplantlab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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Direct Seeding and Transplanting Influence Root Dynamics, Morpho-Physiology, Yield, and Head Quality of Globe Artichoke. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050899. [PMID: 33946796 PMCID: PMC8145455 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this two-year field study was to assess the influence of stand establishment methods (direct seeding or transplanting) on root growth dynamics, shoot morphology, leaf physiology, yield, and quality of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus). Three artichoke cultivars were evaluated, ‘Green Globe Improved’ (GGI), ‘Imperial Star’ (IS), and ‘Romolo’ (ROM). Plants established with the transplanting method had higher mean root length intensity (La), root length, and root surface area as compared to plants established by direct seeding. The topsoil (0–20 cm) had on average higher La, root length, and root surface area than deeper soil profiles. Transplanted plants had higher plant shoot width and leaf area index (LAI) chlorophyll content index (SPAD) than direct seeded plants at the vegetative stage in 2015. The improvement of root and shoot growth in transplants (compared to direct seeding) also resulted in higher (p < 0.05) marketable yield (21.1 vs. 19.9 ton ha−1 in 2015 and 18.3 vs. 13.7 ton ha−1 in 2016). Additionally, 46–50% of the total yield occurred during the first 30 days of harvest in the transplanting method compared to 13–38% for direct seeding. No significant differences were found between planting methods or cultivars in leaf-level gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration) and cynarin concentration in the marketable heads. Although chlorogenic acid was similar in both establishment methods in 2015, direct seeding had higher concentration in 2016. Comparing cultivars, GGI had higher root length, surface area, root volume, and earlier and higher marketable yield than ROM. However, ROM had higher mean root length intensity (La; total root length per specific area in soil profile) than GGI in both growing seasons. This study showed significant and consistent improvements in root and shoot traits, and yield for transplants as compared to direct seeded plants.
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Iodine Biofortification Counters Micronutrient Deficiency and Improve Functional Quality of Open Field Grown Curly Endive. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human iodine (I) shortage disorders are documented as an imperative world-wide health issue for a great number of people. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends I consumption through ingestion of seafood and biofortified food such as vegetables. The current work was carried out to appraise the effects of different I concentrations (0, 50, 250, and 500 mg L−1), supplied via foliar spray on curly endive grown in the fall or spring–summer season. Head fresh weight, stem diameter, head height, and soluble solid content (SSC) were negatively correlated to I dosage. The highest head dry matter content was recorded in plants supplied with 250 mg I L−1, both in the fall and spring–summer season, and in those cultivated in the fall season and supplied with 50 mg I L−1. The highest ascorbic acid concentration was recorded in plants cultivated in the spring–summer season and biofortified with the highest I dosage. The highest fructose and glucose concentrations in leaf tissues were obtained in plants cultivated in the spring–summer season and treated with 250 mg I L−1. Plants sprayed with 250 mg I L−1 and cultivated in the fall season had the highest I leaf concentration. Overall, our results evidently suggested that an I application of 250 mg L−1 in both growing seasons effectively enhanced plant quality and functional parameters in curly endive plants.
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Consentino BB, Virga G, La Placa GG, Sabatino L, Rouphael Y, Ntatsi G, Iapichino G, La Bella S, Mauro RP, D’Anna F, Tuttolomondo T, De Pasquale C. Celery ( Apium graveolens L.) Performances as Subjected to Different Sources of Protein Hydrolysates. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121633. [PMID: 33255370 PMCID: PMC7760353 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The vegetable production sector is currently fronting several issues mainly connected to the increasing demand of high quality food produced in accordance with sustainable horticultural technologies. The application of biostimulants, particularly protein hydrolysates (PHs), might be favorable to optimize water and mineral uptake and plant utilization and to increase both production performance and quality feature of vegetable crops. The present study was carried out on celery plants grown in a tunnel to appraise the influence of two PHs, a plant-derived PH (P-PH), obtained from soy extract and an animal PH (A-PH), derived from hydrolyzed animal epithelium (waste from bovine tanneries) on yield, yield components (head height, root collar diameter, and number of stalks), mineral composition, nutritional and functional features, as well as the economic profitability of PHs applications. Fresh weight in A-PH and P-PH treated plants was 8.3% and 38.2% higher, respectively than in untreated control plants. However, no significant difference was found between A-PH treated plants and control plants in terms of fresh weight. Head height significantly increased by 5.5% and 16.3% in A-PH and P-PH treated plants, respectively compared with untreated control (p ≤ 0.05). N content was inferior in PHs treated plants than in untreated control. Conversely, K and Mg content was higher in A-PH and P-PH treated plants as compared to the untreated ones. Furthermore, A-PH and P-PH improved ascorbic acid content by 8.2% and 8.7%, respectively compared with the non-treated control (p ≤ 0.001). Our results confirmed, also, that PHs application is an eco-friendly technique to improve total phenolic content in celery plants. In support of this, our findings revealed that animal or plants PH applications increased total phenolics by 36.9% and 20.8%, respectively compared with untreated plants (p ≤ 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beppe Benedetto Consentino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (B.B.C.); (G.V.); (G.G.L.P.); (G.I.); (F.D.); (T.T.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Virga
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (B.B.C.); (G.V.); (G.G.L.P.); (G.I.); (F.D.); (T.T.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Gaetano Giuseppe La Placa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (B.B.C.); (G.V.); (G.G.L.P.); (G.I.); (F.D.); (T.T.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Leo Sabatino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (B.B.C.); (G.V.); (G.G.L.P.); (G.I.); (F.D.); (T.T.); (C.D.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (S.L.B.); Tel.: +39-09123862252 (L.S.); +39-09123862231 (S.L.B.)
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Giovanni Iapichino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (B.B.C.); (G.V.); (G.G.L.P.); (G.I.); (F.D.); (T.T.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Salvatore La Bella
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (B.B.C.); (G.V.); (G.G.L.P.); (G.I.); (F.D.); (T.T.); (C.D.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (S.L.B.); Tel.: +39-09123862252 (L.S.); +39-09123862231 (S.L.B.)
| | - Rosario Paolo Mauro
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, via Valdisavoia, 5-95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Fabio D’Anna
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (B.B.C.); (G.V.); (G.G.L.P.); (G.I.); (F.D.); (T.T.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Teresa Tuttolomondo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (B.B.C.); (G.V.); (G.G.L.P.); (G.I.); (F.D.); (T.T.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Claudio De Pasquale
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (B.B.C.); (G.V.); (G.G.L.P.); (G.I.); (F.D.); (T.T.); (C.D.P.)
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9
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Miguel S, Legrand G, Duriot L, Delporte M, Menin B, Michel C, Olry A, Chataigné G, Salwinski A, Bygdell J, Vercaigne D, Wingsle G, Hilbert JL, Bourgaud F, Hehn A, Gagneul D. A GDSL lipase-like from Ipomoea batatas catalyzes efficient production of 3,5-diCQA when expressed in Pichia pastoris. Commun Biol 2020; 3:673. [PMID: 33188250 PMCID: PMC7666189 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DiCQA) has attracted the interest of many researchers for more than 30 years. Recently, enzymes belonging to the BAHD acyltransferase family were shown to mediate its synthesis, albeit with notably low efficiency. In this study, a new enzyme belonging to the GDSL lipase-like family was identified and proven to be able to transform chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-CQA, CGA) in 3,5-DiCQA with a conversion rate of more than 60%. The enzyme has been produced in different expression systems but has only been shown to be active when transiently synthesized in Nicotiana benthamiana or stably expressed in Pichia pastoris. The synthesis of the molecule could be performed in vitro but also by a bioconversion approach beginning from pure 5-CQA or from green coffee bean extract, thereby paving the road for producing it on an industrial scale. Miguel et al. identify a new enzyme belonging to the GDSL lipase-like family that is involved in the final stage of transformation of 5-CQA into 3,5-diCQA. This enzyme is able to realize an efficient transformation by over 60%, making the transformation process a valuable technological tool that can be easily transferred on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sissi Miguel
- Plant Advanced Technologies, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Legrand
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N° 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Léonor Duriot
- Plant Advanced Technologies, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marianne Delporte
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N° 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Barbara Menin
- Université de Lorraine-INRAE, LAE, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Cindy Michel
- Plant Advanced Technologies, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Gabrielle Chataigné
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N° 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Joakim Bygdell
- Chemistry Department, Umeå University, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dominique Vercaigne
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N° 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Gunnar Wingsle
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jean Louis Hilbert
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N° 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Alain Hehn
- Université de Lorraine-INRAE, LAE, 54000, Nancy, France.
| | - David Gagneul
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N° 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France.
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Skała E, Makowczyńska J, Wieczfinska J, Kowalczyk T, Sitarek P. Caffeoylquinic Acids with Potential Biological Activity from Plant In vitro Cultures as Alternative Sources of Valuable Natural Products. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2817-2842. [PMID: 32048962 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200212115826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For a long time, the researchers have been looking for new efficient methods to enhance production and obtain valuable plant secondary metabolites, which would contribute to the protection of the natural environment through the preservation of various plant species, often rare and endangered. These possibilities offer plant in vitro cultures which can be performed under strictly-controlled conditions, regardless of the season or climate and environmental factors. Biotechnological methods are promising strategies for obtaining the valuable plant secondary metabolites with various classes of chemical compounds including caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) and their derivatives. CQAs have been found in many plant species which are components in the daily diet and exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepato- and neuroprotective, anti-hyperglycemic, anticancer, antiviral and antimicrobial activities. They have also been found to offer protection against Alzheimer's disease, and play a role in weight reduction and lipid metabolism control, as well as modulating the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase involved in glucose metabolism. METHODS This work presents the review of the recent advances in use in vitro cultures of various plant species for the alternative system to the production of CQAs and their derivatives. Production of the secondary metabolites in in vitro culture is usually performed with cell suspension or organ cultures, such as shoots and adventitious or transformed roots. To achieve high production of valuable secondary metabolites in in vitro cultures, the optimization of the culture condition is necessary with respect to both biomass accumulation and metabolite content. The optimization of the culture conditions can be achieved by choosing the type of medium, growth regulators or growth conditions, selection of high-productivity lines or culture period, supplementation of the culture medium with precursors or elicitor treatments. Cultivation for large-scale in bioreactors and genetic engineering: Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation and expression improvement of transcriptional factor or genes involved in the secondary metabolite production pathway are also efficient strategies for enhancement of the valuable secondary metabolites. RESULTS Many studies have been reported to obtain highly productive plant in vitro cultures with respect to CQAs. Among these valuable secondary metabolites, the most abundant compound accumulated in in vitro cultures was 5-CQA (chlorogenic acid). Highly productive cultures with respect to this phenolic acid were Leonurus sibiricus AtPAP1 transgenic roots, Lonicera macranthoides and Eucomia ulmoides cell suspension cultures which accumulated above 20 mg g-1 DW 5-CQA. It is known that di- and triCQAs are less common in plants than monoCQAs, but it was also possible to obtain them by biotechnological methods. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the various in vitro cultures of different plant species can be a profitable approach for the production of CQAs. In particular, an efficient production of these valuable compounds is possible by Lonicera macranthoides and Eucomia ulmoides cell suspension cultures, Leonurus sibiricus transformed roots and AtPAP1 transgenic roots, Echinacea angustifolia adventitious shoots, Rhaponticum carthamoides transformed plants, Lavandula viridis shoots, Sausera involucrata cell suspension and Cichorium intybus transformed roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Skała
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Makowczyńska
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Wieczfinska
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Poplar Biochar as an Alternative Substrate for Curly Endive Cultivated in a Soilless System. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10041258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Imminent necessity for eco-friendly and low-cost substitutes to peat is a defiance in the soilless plant cultivation systems. Wood biochar could entirely or partly substitute peat as a plant growing constituent to produce vegetables. Nevertheless, knowledge concerning potential plant performance of leafy green vegetables grown on wood biochar is restricted. The present study assessed the main physicochemical traits of various growing media constituted by decreasing the content of peat and by increasing the percentages of poplar wood biochar. Yield, nutritional and functional properties of curly endive plants cultivated in a protected environment were also tested. Biochar was pyrolyzed from poplar (Populus nigra L.) at 450 or 700 °C for 48 h. Increasing biochar concentration and pyrolysis temperature resulted in higher pH, EC and K content of the growing mediums. Biochar was also effective in increasing particle density and bulk density. Biochar at 70% and pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C significantly increased head fresh weight by 47.4%, head height by 24.9%, stem diameter by 21.5% and number of leaves by 80.8%, respectively compared with the control (100% peat). Head dry matter content, root dry matter content, SSC, ascorbic acid and total phenolic were also significantly affected by this treatment. Furthermore, the addition of biochar and the use of higher pyrolysis temperature decreased N leaves concentration. This represents a particularly important target for leafy green vegetables healthiness.
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12
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Barracosa P, Barracosa M, Pires E. Cardoon as a Sustainable Crop for Biomass and Bioactive Compounds Production. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900498. [PMID: 31778035 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardoon is a multi-purpose and versatile Mediterranean crop, adapted to climate change, with a wide spectrum of potential applications due its added value as a rich source of fibers, oils and bioactive compounds. The Cynara species are a component of the Mediterranean diet and have been used as food and medicine since ancient times. The important role of cardoon in human nutrition, as a functional food, is due to its high content of nutraceutical and bioactive compounds such as oligofructose inulin, caffeoylquinic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, sesquiterpenes lactones, triterpenes, fatty acids and aspartic proteases. The present review highlights the characteristics and functions of cardoon biomass which permits the development of innovative products in food and nutrition, pharmaceutics and cosmetics, plant protection and biocides, oils and energy, lignocellulose materials, and healthcare industries following the actual trends of a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Barracosa
- Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu - Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, 3500-606, Viseu, Portugal.,CI&DETS - Centro de Estudos em Educação, Tecnologias e Saúde, 3504-510, Viseu, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mariana Barracosa
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação -, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Euclides Pires
- Departamento Ciências da Vida - FCTUC, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Uawisetwathana U, Chevallier OP, Xu Y, Kamolsukyeunyong W, Nookaew I, Somboon T, Toojinda T, Vanavichit A, Goodacre R, Elliott CT, Karoonuthaisiri N. Global metabolite profiles of rice brown planthopper-resistant traits reveal potential secondary metabolites for both constitutive and inducible defenses. Metabolomics 2019; 15:151. [PMID: 31741127 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brown planthopper (BPH) is a phloem feeding insect that causes annual disease outbreaks, called hopper burn in many countries throughout Asia, resulting in severe damage to rice production. Currently, mechanistic understanding of BPH resistance in rice plant is limited, which has caused slow progression on developing effective rice varieties as well as effective farming practices against BPH infestation. OBJECTIVE To reveal rice metabolic responses during 8 days of BPH attack, this study examined polar metabolome extracts of BPH-susceptible (KD) and its BPH-resistant isogenic line (IL308) rice leaves. METHODS Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-MS) was combined with multi-block PCA to analyze potential metabolites in response to BPH attack. RESULTS This multivariate statistical model revealed different metabolic response patterns between the BPH-susceptible and BPH-resistant varieties during BPH infestation. The metabolite responses of the resistant IL308 variety occurred on Day 1, which was significantly earlier than those of the susceptible KD variety which showed an induced response by Days 4 and 8. BPH infestation caused metabolic perturbations in purine, phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and terpenoid pathways. While found in both susceptible and resistant rice varieties, schaftoside (1.8 fold), iso-schaftoside (1.7 fold), rhoifolin (3.4 fold) and apigenin 6-C-α-L-arabinoside-8-C-β-L-arabinoside levels (1.6 fold) were significantly increased in the resistant variety by Day 1 post-infestation. 20-hydroxyecdysone acetate (2.5 fold) and dicaffeoylquinic acid (4.7 fold) levels were considerably higher in the resistant rice variety than those in the susceptible variety, both before and after infestation, suggesting that these secondary metabolites play important roles in inducible and constitutive defenses against the BPH infestation. CONCLUSIONS These potential secondary metabolites will be useful as metabolite markers and/or bioactive compounds for effective and durable approaches to address the BPH problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umaporn Uawisetwathana
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Olivier P Chevallier
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Wintai Kamolsukyeunyong
- Rice Gene Discovery and Utilization Laboratory, Innovative Plant Biotechnology and Precision Agriculture Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- College of Medicine, Department Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Thapakorn Somboon
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Theerayut Toojinda
- Rice Gene Discovery and Utilization Laboratory, Innovative Plant Biotechnology and Precision Agriculture Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Integrative Crop Biotechnology and Management Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Apichart Vanavichit
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
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Metabolomic and gene expression approaches reveal the developmental and environmental regulation of the secondary metabolism of yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius, Asteraceae). Sci Rep 2019; 9:13178. [PMID: 31511527 PMCID: PMC6739394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acting as chemical defense or signaling compounds, secondary metabolites (SMs) play an essential role in the evolutionary success of many angiosperm plant families. However, the adaptive advantages that SMs confer, and the influence of environmental and developmental factors on SMs expression, remains poorly understood. A study of taxa endemic to the variable Andean climate, using a metabolomics approach, may provide further insight. By analyzing gene expression patterns and metabolic fingerprints, we report herein the developmental and environmental regulation of the secondary metabolism of Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacón), a medicinal Andean plant. Our results demonstrate a clear developmental stage dependent regulation of the secondary metabolism of yacón leaves wherein the metabolic diversity increases with plant age. However, environmental factors seem to regulate biosynthetic pathways, creating differences in the expression of chemical classes, pointing to an association between transcription levels of relevant genes and the relative amounts of more than 40 different metabolites. This study suggests that the secondary metabolism of yacón is regulated by a complex interplay between environmental factors and developmental stage and provides insight into the regulatory factors and adaptive roles of SMs in Andean taxa.
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Solanum aethiopicum gr. gilo and Its Interspecific Hybrid with S. melongena as Alternative Rootstocks for Eggplant: Effects on Vigor, Yield, and Fruit Physicochemical Properties of Cultivar ′Scarlatti′. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9050223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Grafting is generally considered effective in ameliorating vegetable crop tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The use of interspecific hybrid as rootstock for eggplant may represent a valid alternative approach to enhance eggplant performance. However, studies on the effects of different rootstocks on eggplant plant vigor, yield, and fruit quality traits often show conflicting results. Thus, an experiment was performed in two spring–summer growing seasons (2014 and 2015) by grafting eggplant ′Scarlatti′ F1 hybrid on two accessions of S. aethiopicum gr. gilo and on the interspecific hybrid S. melongena × S. aehtiopicumgr. gilo in comparison to the most common eggplant rootstock S. torvum. Results indicate that S. melongena × S. aethiopicum gr. gilo interspecific hybrid and S. torvum improved grafting success, plant vigor, early flowering and yield in ′Scarlatti′ F1 scion. All rootstocks tested did not negatively influence fruit apparent quality traits and fruit quality composition. Moreover, fruit glycoalkaloids content remained below the recommended threshold value. These findings suggest that the use of S. melongena × S. aethiopicum gr. gilo interspecific hybrid as rootstock may be a good alternative to the most commonly used S. torvum.
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Turkiewicz IP, Wojdyło A, Tkacz K, Nowicka P, Hernández F. Antidiabetic, Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Activity vs. Terpenoids and Phenolic Compounds in Selected New Cultivars and Hybrids of Artichoke Cynara scolymus L. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071222. [PMID: 30925771 PMCID: PMC6479963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the chemical composition of new artichoke cultivars and hybrids and to assess their potential health-promoting properties. Polyphenols, carotenoids and chlorophylls were identified by liquid chromatography-photodiode detector-mass spectrometry/quadrupole time of flight (LC-PDA-MS/QTof) and quantified by ultra performance liquid chromatography-photodiode detector (UPLC-PDA). Sugar and organic acid profiles were prepared, and antioxidant capacity (ABTS, FRAP and ORAC) and in vitro antidiabetic (inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and anticholinesterase (inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)) potentials were evaluated. The analyses revealed a highly varied content of bioactive compounds and great health-promoting potential significantly depending on a cultivar. The content of polyphenolic compounds ranged from 1681.49 (“Sambo”) to 3638.91 (“Symphony”) mg/100 g of dry weight (DW). “Blanca de Tudela” contained the highest amounts of carotenoids and chlorophylls (3761.91 mg/100 g DW) and exhibited high ABTS and ORAC capacity. Inhibition of antidiabetic enzymes was significant in cvs. “Symphony” and “Calico”. Additionally, all tested cultivars and hybrids turned out to be effective inhibitors of neurodegenerative enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Piotr Turkiewicz
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Karolina Tkacz
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Paulina Nowicka
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Francisca Hernández
- Department of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Plant Production and Technology Group, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University de Elche, Ctra.de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain.
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Bioactivities, chemical composition and nutritional value of Cynara cardunculus L. seeds. Food Chem 2019; 289:404-412. [PMID: 30955630 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the nutritional value, bioactive properties, and chemical composition of various cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) genotypes cultivated in central Greece were investigated. The results demonstrated that Cynara seeds are a good source of fat and protein, while they also contain considerable amounts of K, Mg, and Fe and low amount of Na. Sucrose, oxalic acid, and α-tocopherol were the only free sugar, organic acid, and tocopherol isoform respectively, found among the studied genotypes. The most abundant fatty acids were linoleic, oleic and palmitic acid, while PUFA was the most abundant fatty acid class. All the tested seeds contained only two phenolic compounds, namely 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 3,5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, while significant antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines and antimicrobial effects were also observed. In conclusion, cardoon seed extracts could be exploited in the food and pharmaceutical industries as alternative sources of natural compounds with bioactive properties.
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Toniolo C, Di Sotto A, Di Giacomo S, Ventura D, Casoli E, Belluscio A, Nicoletti M, Ardizzone G. Seagrass Posidonia oceanica
(L.) Delile as a marine biomarker: a metabolomic and toxicological analysis. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Toniolo
- Department of Environmental Biology; Sapienza University; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”; Sapienza University; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”; Sapienza University; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Daniele Ventura
- Department of Environmental Biology; Sapienza University; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Edoardo Casoli
- Department of Environmental Biology; Sapienza University; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Andrea Belluscio
- Department of Environmental Biology; Sapienza University; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Department of Environmental Biology; Sapienza University; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Giandomenico Ardizzone
- Department of Environmental Biology; Sapienza University; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
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El Sayed AM, Hussein R, Motaal AA, Fouad MA, Aziz MA, El-Sayed A. Artichoke edible parts are hepatoprotective as commercial leaf preparation. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Spanu E, Deligios PA, Azara E, Delogu G, Ledda L. Effects of alternative cropping systems on globe artichoke qualitative traits. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1079-1087. [PMID: 28722756 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally, globe artichoke cultivation in the Mediterranean basin is based on monoculture and on use of high amounts of nitrogen fertiliser. This raises issues regarding its compatibility with sustainable agriculture. We studied the effect of one typical conventional (CONV) and two alternative cropping systems [globe artichoke in sequence with French bean (NCV1), or in biannual rotation (NCV2) with cauliflower and with a leguminous cover crop in inter-row spaces] on yield, polyphenol and mineral content of globe artichoke heads over two consecutive growing seasons. RESULTS NCV2 showed statistical differences in terms of fresh product yield with respect to the monoculture systems. In addition, the dihydroxycinnamic acids and dicaffeoylquinic acids of non-conventional samples were one-fold significantly higher than the conventional one. All the samples reported good mineral content, although NCV2 achieved a higher Fe content than conventional throughout the two seasons. After two and three dates of sampling, the CONV samples showed the highest levels of K content. CONCLUSION In our study, an acceptable commercial yield and quality of 'Spinoso sardo' were achieved by shifting the common conventional agronomic management to more sustainable ones, by means of an accurate choice of cover crop species and rotations introduced in the systems. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Spanu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Agronomia, Coltivazioni erbacee e Genetica, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paola A Deligios
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Agronomia, Coltivazioni erbacee e Genetica, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Ledda
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Agronomia, Coltivazioni erbacee e Genetica, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Petropoulos SA, Pereira C, Tzortzakis N, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Nutritional Value and Bioactive Compounds Characterization of Plant Parts From Cynara cardunculus L. (Asteraceae) Cultivated in Central Greece. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:459. [PMID: 29692792 PMCID: PMC5902674 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the nutritional value of the edible parts (immature capitula) of cardoon plants was evaluated, while further analyses were carried out in order to assess antioxidant properties and phenolic compounds composition of the various plant parts and seed oils. Cardoon capitula (heads) were a rich source of carbohydrates, with the main detected free sugar being sucrose, as well as of macro- and micro-minerals (K, Ca, Mg, and Fe). Heads were also abundant in saturated fatty acids (palmitic, behenic, linoleic, stearic, caproic, and oleic acid), whereas seed oils in unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic acid). Total phenolic compounds (TPC) content and phenolics composition differed between the various plant parts, with heads and leaf blades having higher TPC than midribs and petioles. Moreover, heads and leaf midribs and petioles consisted mainly of phenolic acids (5-O-caffeoylquinic and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid), with flavonoids being detected in lower amounts. In contrast, the composition of polyphenols in leaf blades consisted mostly of flavonoids (Luteolin-7-O-glucoside and luteolin-7-O-malonylhexoside), whereas phenolic acids were also detected in considerable amounts (5-O-feruloylquinic and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid). Regarding antioxidant properties, leaf blades and seeds exhibited the highest potency for all the tested assays which could be partly attributed to the synergistic effects of the phenolic compounds present in each sample. In conclusion, cardoon plant parts may find various uses in the food and pharmaceutical industry, since they contain considerable amounts of bioactive molecules, while seed oils can be considered as alternative vegetable oils for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, University of Thessaly, Magnissia, Greece
- *Correspondence: Spyridon A. Petropoulos
| | - Carla Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
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Martínez-Esplá A, Valero D, Martínez-Romero D, Castillo S, Giménez MJ, García-Pastor ME, Serrano M, Zapata PJ. Preharvest Application of Methyl Jasmonate as an Elicitor Improves the Yield and Phenolic Content of Artichoke. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9247-9254. [PMID: 28960971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJa) treatment as an elicitor of artichoke plants [Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori] on the yield and quality attributes of artichokes, especially those related to individual phenolic content and antioxidant activity, at two harvest dates and along storage were analyzed in this research. Plants treated gave a higher yield of artichokes in comparison to control plants, with 0.55 kg more per plant. MeJa treatment also increased artichoke quality and phenolic content in the edible fraction at harvest and during storage at 2 °C for 28 days as a result of the accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acids and luteolin derivatives. In addition, antioxidant activity was enhanced by MeJa treatment and correlated with the total phenolic content. Results suggest that MeJa foliar application could be a simple and practical tool to improve the yield and phytochemical content on artichokes, with elicitation being a cheap and environmentally friendly procedure to improve the health-beneficial effects of artichoke consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Martínez-Esplá
- Department of Food Technology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO) and ‡Department of Applied Biology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO), University Miguel Hernández , Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Food Technology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO) and ‡Department of Applied Biology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO), University Miguel Hernández , Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Domingo Martínez-Romero
- Department of Food Technology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO) and ‡Department of Applied Biology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO), University Miguel Hernández , Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Salvador Castillo
- Department of Food Technology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO) and ‡Department of Applied Biology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO), University Miguel Hernández , Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - María José Giménez
- Department of Food Technology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO) and ‡Department of Applied Biology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO), University Miguel Hernández , Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria Emma García-Pastor
- Department of Food Technology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO) and ‡Department of Applied Biology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO), University Miguel Hernández , Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Food Technology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO) and ‡Department of Applied Biology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO), University Miguel Hernández , Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Javier Zapata
- Department of Food Technology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO) and ‡Department of Applied Biology, School of Engineering of Orihuela (EPSO), University Miguel Hernández , Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
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23
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Tang X, Wei R, Deng A, Lei T. Protective Effects of Ethanolic Extracts from Artichoke, an Edible Herbal Medicine, against Acute Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9091000. [PMID: 28891983 PMCID: PMC5622760 DOI: 10.3390/nu9091000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are well-documented pathological factors in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a healthy food and folk medicine with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive effects of ethanolic extract from artichoke against acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Male Institute of Cancer Research mice were treated with an ethanolic extract of artichoke (0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 g/kg body weight) by gavage once daily. Up to 40% alcohol (12 mL/kg body weight) was administered orally 1 h after artichoke treatment. All mice were fed for 10 consecutive days. Results showed that artichoke extract significantly prevented elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and malondialdehyde. Meanwhile, the decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione were elevated by artichoke administration. Histopathological examination showed that artichoke attenuated degeneration, inflammatory infiltration and necrosis of hepatocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that expression levels of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in liver tissues were significantly suppressed by artichoke treatment. Results obtained demonstrated that artichoke extract exhibited significant preventive protective effect against acute alcohol-induced liver injury. This finding is mainly attributed to its ability to attenuate oxidative stress and suppress the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway. To the best of our knowledge, the underlying mechanisms of artichoke on acute ALD have been rarely reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchong Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Ruofan Wei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Aihua Deng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China.
| | - Tingping Lei
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Moreno-Escamilla JO, Alvarez-Parrilla E, de la Rosa LA, Núñez-Gastélum JA, González-Aguilar GA, Rodrigo-García J. Effect of Different Elicitors and Preharvest Day Application on the Content of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity of Butterhead Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) Produced under Hydroponic Conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5244-5254. [PMID: 28613869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of four elicitors on phytochemical content in two varieties of lettuce was evaluated. The best preharvest day for application of each elicitor was chosen. Solutions of arachidonic acid (AA), salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MJ), and Harpin protein (HP) were applied by foliar aspersion on lettuce leaves while cultivating under hydroponic conditions. Application of elicitors was done at 15, 7, 5, 3, or 1 day before harvest. Green lettuce showed the highest increase in phytochemical content when elicitors (AA, SA, and HP) were applied on day 7 before harvest. Similarly, antioxidant activity rose in all treatments on day 7. In red lettuce, the highest content of bioactive molecules occurred in samples treated on day 15. AA, SA, and HP were the elicitors with the highest effect on phytochemical content for both varieties, mainly on polyphenol content. Antioxidant activity also increased in response to elicitation. HPLC-MS showed an increase in the content of phenolic acids in green and red lettuce, especially after elicitation with SA, suggesting activation of the caffeic acid pathway due to elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Omar Moreno-Escamilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez , Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez , Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Laura A de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez , Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - José Alberto Núñez-Gastélum
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez , Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
| | - Gustavo A González-Aguilar
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo , Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora CP 8300, México
| | - Joaquín Rodrigo-García
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez , Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México
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Ferro AM, Ramos P, Guerreiro O, Jerónimo E, Pires I, Capel C, Capel J, Lozano R, Duarte MF, Oliveira MM, Gonçalves S. Impact of novel SNPs identified in Cynara cardunculus genes on functionality of proteins regulating phenylpropanoid pathway and their association with biological activities. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:183. [PMID: 28212611 PMCID: PMC5314637 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cynara cardunculus L. offers a natural source of phenolic compounds with the predominant molecule being chlorogenic acid. Chlorogenic acid is gaining interest due to its involvement in various biological properties such as, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anticarcinogenic activities. RESULTS In this work we screened a Cynara cardunculus collection for new allelic variants in key genes involved in the chlorogenic acid biosynthesis pathway. The target genes encode p-coumaroyl ester 3'-hydroxylase (C3'H) and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT), both participating in the synthesis of chlorogenic acid. Using high-resolution melting, the C3'H gene proved to be highly conserved with only 4 haplotypes while, for HQT, 17 haplotypes were identified de novo. The putative influence of the identified polymorphisms in C3'H and HQT proteins was further evaluated using bioinformatics tools. We could identify some polymorphisms that may lead to protein conformational changes. Chlorogenic acid content, antioxidant and antithrombin activities were also evaluated in Cc leaf extracts and an association analysis was performed to assess a putative correlation between these traits and the identified polymorphisms. CONCLUSION In this work we identified allelic variants with putative impact on C3'H and HQT proteins which are significantly associated with chlorogenic acid content and antioxidant activity. Further study of these alleles should be explored to assess putative relevance as genetic markers correlating with Cynara cardunculus biological properties with further confirmation by functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Ferro
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Rua Pedro Soares, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Ramos
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Rua Pedro Soares, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
- Centre for Research in Ceramics and Composite Materials (CICECO) and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Olinda Guerreiro
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Rua Pedro Soares, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eliana Jerónimo
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Rua Pedro Soares, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Inês Pires
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carmen Capel
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Juan Capel
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Maria F. Duarte
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Rua Pedro Soares, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - M. Margarida Oliveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Rua Pedro Soares, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB101SA Cambridge, UK
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26
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Petropoulos SA, Pereira C, Ntatsi G, Danalatos N, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Nutritional value and chemical composition of Greek artichoke genotypes. Food Chem 2017; 267:296-302. [PMID: 29934171 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional value and chemical composition of various artichoke genotypes cultivated in Greece were evaluated. Significant differences were detected in water content, as well as in fat, ash, protein and carbohydrate content. Proteins and carbohydrates were detected in high amounts in all the genotypes. Antioxidant activity was also varied between the studied samples. Palmitic and linoleic acids were the most abundant fatty acids in artichoke heads, while stearic, oleic, alpha-linolenic, arachidic, behenic and lignoceric acids were detected in lesser amounts. 3,5-O-Dicaffeoylquinic acid and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid were the main phenolic compounds. In conclusion, heads of artichoke genotypes cultivated in Greece showed a high nutritional value and antioxidant activity which signifies the importance of this vegetable for the Mediterranean diet, while the diversity in chemical composition between the studied samples should be further exploited for the selection of elite cultivars with specific end-uses of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece.
| | - Carla Pereira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Danalatos
- Laboratory of Agronomy and Applied Crop Physiology, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Lillian Barros
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE) - Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Clifford M, Jaganath IB, Ludwig IA, Crozier A. Chlorogenic acids and the acyl-quinic acids: discovery, biosynthesis, bioavailability and bioactivity. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:1391-1421. [DOI: 10.1039/c7np00030h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review is focussed upon the acyl-quinic acids, the most studied group within theca.400 chlorogenic acids so far reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. Clifford
- School of Biosciences and Medicine
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| | - Indu B. Jaganath
- Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute
- Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Iziar A. Ludwig
- Department of Food Technology
- University of Lleida
- Lleida
- Spain
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
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28
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Rau D, Rodriguez M, Rapposelli E, Murgia ML, Papa R, Brown AHD, Attene G. Spatial genetic structure in wild cardoon, the ancestor of cultivated globe artichoke: Limited gene flow, fragmentation and population history. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 253:194-205. [PMID: 27968988 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear and chloroplast markers and phenotypic characters were integrated to analyse the population genetic structure of wild cardoon, Cynara cardunculus var. sylvestris, the ancestor of cultivated globe artichoke, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus on the island of Sardinia, Italy. The spatial scale ranged from a few metres to ∼200km. Wild cardoon appears to be genetically fragmented, with significant genetic divergence at various scales, indicating that gene flow is insufficient to counterbalance the effects of genetic drift or founder effects. Divergence between populations was higher for chloroplast (40%) than for nuclear markers (15%), suggesting that gene flow via seed was lower than via pollen. Two main genetic groups were detected; these correlated with differences in flowering time, capitula size, glossiness, and anthocyanin pigmentation. A complex population structure of wild cardoon emerged over small spatial scales, likely resulting from the interplay between gene dispersal, colonisation history and selective forces. Indeed, Sardinia appears to be a 'hybrid zone' of different gene pools. The island has unique diverse germplasm that has originated from hybridisation among different gene pools. The sampling of seeds from a few plants but from many sites is suggested as the best strategy to harvest the genetic diversity of wild cardoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rau
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - M Rodriguez
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Centro per la Conservazione e Valorizzazione della Biodiversità Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Surigheddu, 07040 Alghero, Italy
| | - E Rapposelli
- AGRIS Sardegna, Servizio per la Ricerca in Arboricoltura, Via Mameli 126/D, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M L Murgia
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - R Papa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali (D3A), Università Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM), Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - A H D Brown
- Bioversity International (Honorary Research Fellow), Via dei Tre Denari, 472/a, 00054 Maccarese, Fiumicino, Italy
| | - G Attene
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Centro per la Conservazione e Valorizzazione della Biodiversità Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Surigheddu, 07040 Alghero, Italy
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29
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Dabbou S, Dabbou S, Flamini G, Pandino G, Gasco L, Helal AN. Phytochemical Compounds from the Crop Byproducts of Tunisian Globe Artichoke Cultivars. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:1475-1483. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Dabbou
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Integrative Biology and Valorisation; Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir; University of Monastir; Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74 5000 Monastir Tunisia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences; University of Turin; Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 Grugliasco IT-10095 Turin
| | - Samia Dabbou
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Integrative Biology and Valorisation; Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir; University of Monastir; Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74 5000 Monastir Tunisia
- Dentistry Faculty; University of Monastir; Avicenne Street 5019 Monastir Tunisia
| | - Guido Flamini
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; Via Bonanno 6 IT-56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Gaetano Pandino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment; University of Catania; via Valdisavoia 5 IT-95123 Catania Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences; University of Turin; Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 Grugliasco IT-10095 Turin
- Institute of Science of Food Production; National Research Council; Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 Grugliasco IT-10095 Turin
| | - Ahmed Noureddine Helal
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Integrative Biology and Valorisation; Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir; University of Monastir; Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74 5000 Monastir Tunisia
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30
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Legrand G, Delporte M, Khelifi C, Harant A, Vuylsteker C, Mörchen M, Hance P, Hilbert JL, Gagneul D. Identification and Characterization of Five BAHD Acyltransferases Involved in Hydroxycinnamoyl Ester Metabolism in Chicory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:741. [PMID: 27375627 PMCID: PMC4893494 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chicory (Cichorium intybus) accumulates caffeic acid esters with important significance for human health. In this study, we aim at a better understanding of the biochemical pathway of these bioactive compounds. Detailed metabolic analysis reveals that C. intybus predominantly accumulates caftaric and chicoric acids in leaves, whereas isochlorogenic acid (3,5-diCQA) was almost exclusively accumulated in roots. Chlorogenic acid (3-CQA) was equally distributed in all organs. Interestingly, distribution of the four compounds was related to leaf age. Induction with methyljasmonate (MeJA) of root cell suspension cultures results in an increase of 3-CQA and 3,5-diCQA contents. Expressed sequence tag libraries were screened using members of the BAHD family identified in Arabidopsis and tobacco as baits. The full-length cDNAs of five genes were isolated. Predicted amino acid sequence analyses revealed typical features of BAHD family members. Biochemical characterization of the recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli showed that two genes encode HCTs (hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferases, HCT1 and HCT2) whereas, three genes encode HQTs (hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferases, HQT1, HQT2, and HQT3). These results totally agreed with the phylogenetic analysis done with the predicted amino acid sequences. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of gene expression indicated that HQT3, HCT1, and HCT2 might be more directly associated with CQA accumulation in cell culture in response to MeJA elicitation. Transient expression of HCT1 and HQT1 in tobacco resulted in a higher production of 3-CQA. All together these data confirm the involvement of functionally redundant genes in 3-CQA and related compound synthesis in the Asteraceae family.
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Eljounaidi K, Comino C, Moglia A, Cankar K, Genre A, Hehn A, Bourgaud F, Beekwilder J, Lanteri S. Accumulation of cynaropicrin in globe artichoke and localization of enzymes involved in its biosynthesis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 239:128-36. [PMID: 26398797 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) belongs to the Asteraceae family, in which one of the most biologically significant class of secondary metabolites are sesquiterpene lactones (STLs). In globe artichoke the principal STL is the cynaropicrin, which contributes to approximately 80% of its characteristic bitter taste. Cynaropicrin content was assessed in globe artichoke tissues and was observed to accumulate in leaves of different developmental stages. In the receptacle, a progressive decrease was observed during inflorescence development, while the STL could not be detected in the inflorescence bracts. Almost undetectable amounts were found in the roots and inflorescence stems at the commercial stage. Cynaropicrin content was found to correlate with expression of genes encoding CcGAS, CcGAO and CcCOS, which are involved in the STL biosynthesis. A more detailed study of leaf material revealed that cynaropicrin predominantly accumulates in the trichomes, and not in the apoplastic cavity fluids. Analysis of the promoter regions of CcGAO and CcCOS revealed the presence of L1-box motifs, which confers trichome-specific expression in Arabidopsis, suggesting that cynaropicrin is not only stored but also synthesized in trichomes. A transient expression of GFP fusion proteins was performed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants: the CcGAS fluorescence signal was located in the cytoplasm while the CcGAO and CcCOS localized to the endoplasmatic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Eljounaidi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - C Comino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - A Moglia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - K Cankar
- Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 658, 6700 AR Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Genre
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - A Hehn
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Agronomie et Environnement, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, UMR 1121 Agronomie et Environnement, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - F Bourgaud
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Agronomie et Environnement, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, UMR 1121 Agronomie et Environnement, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - J Beekwilder
- Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Lanteri
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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Troise AD, Ferracane R, Palermo M, Fogliano V. Targeted metabolite profile of food bioactive compounds by Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry: The “FancyTiles” approach. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Vereshchagina YV, Bulgakov VP, Grigorchuk VP, Rybin VG, Veremeichik GN, Tchernoded GK, Gorpenchenko TY, Koren OG, Phan NHT, Minh NT, Chau LT, Zhuravlev YN. The rolC gene increases caffeoylquinic acid production in transformed artichoke cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:7773-80. [PMID: 24938208 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic acids are found in artichokes, and they are currently considered important therapeutic or preventive agents for treating Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. We transformed artichoke [the cultivated cardoon or Cynara cardunculus var. altilis DC (Asteraceae)] with the rolC gene, which is a known inducer of secondary metabolism. High-performance liquid chromatography with UV and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV-HRMS) revealed that the predominant metabolites synthesized in the transgenic calli were 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and chlorogenic acid. The rolC-transformed calli contained 1.5% caffeoylquinic acids by dry weight. The overall production of these metabolites was three times higher than that of the corresponding control calli. The enhancing effect of rolC remained stable over long-term cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V Vereshchagina
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
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Chemical and functional properties of the different by-products of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) from industrial canning processing. Food Chem 2014; 160:134-40. [PMID: 24799219 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the basic chemical composition and functional properties of six by-product fractions collected from different steps of artichoke industrial processing were evaluated. Fractions differed in thermal treatment, the bract position in the artichoke head and the cutting size. Contents of moisture, ash, protein, fat, dietary fibre, inulin, total phenolics, total flavonoids, caffeoyl derivatives and flavones were analysed. Antioxidant activity values were also determined. All assessed artichoke by-product fractions contained high-dietary fibre (53.6-67.0%) and low fat (2.5-3.7%). Artichoke by-product fractions contained high levels of inulin, especially in the boiled inner bracts (30%). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity (153-729 μmol gallic acid equivalents, 6.9-19.2 μmol quercetin equivalents and 85-234 μmol ascorbic acid equivalents per gram of dry matter, respectively) varied widely with the bract positions in the artichoke head and the thermal treatments. The more interesting fractions for use as functional ingredients were those situated closer to the artichoke heart and thermally treated.
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Pandino G, Lombardo S, Moglia A, Portis E, Lanteri S, Mauromicale G. Leaf polyphenol profile and SSR-based fingerprinting of new segregant Cynara cardunculus genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:800. [PMID: 25653660 PMCID: PMC4300902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The dietary value of many plant polyphenols lies in the protection given against degenerative pathologies. Their in planta role is associated with the host's defense response against biotic and abiotic stress. The polyphenol content of a given plant tissue is strongly influenced by the growing environment, but is also genetically determined. Plants belonging to the Cynara cardunculus species (globe artichoke and the cultivated and wild cardoon) accumulate substantial quantities of polyphenols mainly mono and di-caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) in their foliage. Transgressive segregation for CQA content in an F1 population bred from a cross between a globe artichoke and a cultivated cardoon led to the selection of eight segregants which accumulated more CQA in their leaves than did those of either of their parental genotypes. The selections were grown over two seasons to assess their polyphenol profile (CQAs, apigenin and luteolin derivatives and narirutin), and were also fingerprinted using a set of 217 microsatellite markers. The growing environment exerted a strong effect on polyphenol content, but two of the selections were able to accumulate up to an order of magnitude more CQA than either parent in both growing seasons. Since the species is readily vegetatively propagable, such genotypes can be straightforwardly exploited as a source of pharmaceutically valuable compounds, while their SSR-based fingerprinting will allow the genetic identity of clonally propagated material to be easily verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Pandino
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente Università degli Studi di CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Sara Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente Università degli Studi di CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Andrea Moglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di TorinoGrugliasco, Italy
- *Correspondence: Andrea Moglia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy e-mail:
| | - Ezio Portis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di TorinoGrugliasco, Italy
| | - Sergio Lanteri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di TorinoGrugliasco, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mauromicale
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente Università degli Studi di CataniaCatania, Italy
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Abu-Reidah IM, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Extensive characterisation of bioactive phenolic constituents from globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) by HPLC–DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS. Food Chem 2013; 141:2269-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pandino G, Lombardo S, Lo Monaco A, Mauromicale G. Choice of time of harvest influences the polyphenol profile of globe artichoke. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Palermo M, Colla G, Barbieri G, Fogliano V. Polyphenol metabolite profile of artichoke is modulated by agronomical practices and cooking method. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:7960-8. [PMID: 23865390 DOI: 10.1021/jf401468s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper artichoke phenolic pattern was characterized using an Orbitrap Exactive Mass Spectrometer at high mass accuracy and conventional HPLC MS/MS. Twenty four phenolic acids and 40 flavonoids were identified, many of them not previously reported in artichoke. Variations in phenolic compounds were investigated in relation to mycorrhization: results showed that inoculation with mycorrhizae greatly influences metabolite profile proving to be a good strategy to enhance the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in this plant. This practice also caused a different distribution of the main phenolic compounds within head parts. Both steaming and microwaving cooking treatments caused an increase in antioxidant activity: the lower the initial concentration the higher the effect. A similar trend was observed looking at the phenolic compounds concentration: it increased because of cooking treatments the lower the initial content, the highest the increase. Steamed artichoke showed higher phenols content than microwaved ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariantonella Palermo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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39
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Toydemir G, Capanoglu E, Kamiloglu S, Boyacioglu D, de Vos RC, Hall RD, Beekwilder J. Changes in sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) antioxidants during nectar processing and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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40
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Campa C, Mondolot L, Rakotondravao A, Bidel LPR, Gargadennec A, Couturon E, La Fisca P, Rakotomalala JJ, Jay-Allemand C, Davis AP. A survey of mangiferin and hydroxycinnamic acid ester accumulation in coffee (Coffea) leaves: biological implications and uses. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:595-613. [PMID: 22700941 PMCID: PMC3400447 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The phenolic composition of Coffea leaves has barely been studied, and therefore this study conducts the first detailed survey, focusing on mangiferin and hydroxycinnamic acid esters (HCEs). METHODS Using HPLC, including a new technique allowing quantification of feruloylquinic acid together with mangiferin, and histochemical methods, mangiferin content and tissue localization were compared in leaves and fruits of C. pseudozanguebariae, C. arabica and C. canephora. The HCE and mangiferin content of leaves was evaluated for 23 species native to Africa or Madagascar. Using various statistical methods, data were assessed in relation to distribution, ecology, phylogeny and use. KEY RESULTS Seven of the 23 species accumulated mangiferin in their leaves. Mangiferin leaf-accumulating species also contain mangiferin in the fruits, but only in the outer (sporophytic) parts. In both leaves and fruit, mangiferin accumulation decreases with ageing. A relationship between mangiferin accumulation and UV levels is posited, owing to localization with photosynthetic tissues, and systematic distribution in high altitude clades and species with high altitude representatives. Analyses of mangiferin and HCE content showed that there are significant differences between species, and that samples can be grouped into species, with few exceptions. These data also provide independent support for various Coffea lineages, as proposed by molecular phylogenetic analyses. Sampling of the hybrids C. arabica and C. heterocalyx cf. indicates that mangiferin and HCE accumulation may be under independent parental influence. CONCLUSIONS This survey of the phenolic composition in Coffea leaves shows that mangiferin and HCE accumulation corresponds to lineage recognition and species delimitation, respectively. Knowledge of the spectrum of phenolic accumulation within species and populations could be of considerable significance for adaptation to specific environments. The potential health benefits of coffee-leaf tea, and beverages and masticatory products made from the fleshy parts of Coffea fruits, are supported by our phenolic quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Campa
- IRD, UMR DIADE (IRD/UM2), BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France.
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41
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Menin B, Comino C, Portis E, Moglia A, Cankar K, Bouwmeester HJ, Lanteri S, Beekwilder J. Genetic mapping and characterization of the globe artichoke (+)-germacrene A synthase gene, encoding the first dedicated enzyme for biosynthesis of the bitter sesquiterpene lactone cynaropicrin. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 190:1-8. [PMID: 22608514 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L., Asteraceae) is a perennial crop traditionally consumed as a vegetable in the Mediterranean countries and rich in nutraceutically and pharmaceutically active compounds, including phenolic and terpenoid compounds. Its bitter taste is caused by its high content of sesquiterpene lactones (STLs), such as cynaropicrin. The biosynthetic pathway responsible for STL biosynthesis in globe artichoke is unknown, but likely proceeds through germacrene A, as has been shown for other Asteraceae species. Here, we investigated the accumulation of cynaropicrin in different tissues of globe artichoke, and compared it to accumulation of phenolic compounds. Cynaropicrin concentration was highest in old leaves. A putative germacrene A synthase (GAS) gene was identified in a set of ~19,000 globe artichoke unigenes. When heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, the putative globe artichoke GAS converted farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into (+)-germacrene A. Among various tissues assayed, the level of globe artichoke GAS expression was highest in mature (six week old) leaves. A sequence polymorphism within a mapping population parent allowed the corresponding GAS gene to be positioned on a genetic map. This study reports the isolation, expression and mapping of a key gene involved in STL biosynthesis in C. cardunculus. This is a good basis for further investigation of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Menin
- DIVAPRA, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, via L. da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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Kim S, Yun EJ, Hossain MA, Lee H, Kim KH. Global profiling of ultraviolet-induced metabolic disruption in Melissa officinalis by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:553-62. [PMID: 22729379 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Melissa officinalis contains various secondary metabolites that have health benefits. Generally, irradiating plants with ultraviolet (UV)-B induces the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants. To understand the effect of UV-B irradiation on the metabolism of M. officinalis, metabolomics based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used in this study. The GC-MS analysis revealed 37 identified metabolites from various chemical classes, including alcohols, amino acids, inorganic acids, organic acids, and sugars. The metabolite profiles of the groups of M. officinalis irradiated with UV-B were separated and differentiated according to their irradiation times (i.e., 0, 1, and 2 h), using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), respectively. The PCA score plots of PC1 and PC2 showed that the three groups with different irradiation times followed a certain trajectory with increasing UV-B irradiation. HCA revealed that metabolic patterns differed among the three groups, and the 1 h-irradiated group was more similar to the control group (0 h) than the 2 h-irradiated group. In particular, UV-B irradiation of plants led to a decrease in sugars such as fructose, galactose, sucrose, and trehalose and an increase in metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the proline-linked pentose phosphate pathway, and the phenylpropanoid pathway. This study demonstrated that metabolite profiling with GC-MS is useful for gaining a holistic understanding of UV-induced changes in plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooah Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
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43
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Kim SM, Jeon JS, Kang SW, Jung YJ, Ly LN, Um BH. Content of antioxidative caffeoylquinic acid derivatives in field-grown Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz and responses to sunlight. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5597-5603. [PMID: 22583553 DOI: 10.1021/jf300976y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz, a commercial leafy vegetable, contains caffeoylquinic acid derivatives (CQAs) as major phenolic constituents. The HPLC chromatograms of leaf extracts collected from different areas in Korea showed a significant variation in CQA amount, and two tri-O-caffeoylquinic acids (triCQAs) were purified and structurally identified by NMR and MS from this plant. Radical scavenging activities among CQAs were found to be increased in proportion to the number of caffeoyl groups. Since this plant prefers damp and shady growth conditions, the effects of sunlight were investigated by growing plantlets in sunlight and shade for four weeks. Greater leaf thickness and higher phenolic contents were found for leaves grown in sunlight than in shade. Four major CQAs-5-mono-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-monoCQA), and 3,4-, 3,5-, and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (diCQA)-were induced by solar irradiation, whereas the content of these compounds decreased steadily in shade leaves. The leaves of L. fischeri clearly showed adaptation responses to sunlight, and these characteristics can be exploited for cultivation of this plant for potential use as a nutraceutical and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Min Kim
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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44
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Lombardo S, Pandino G, Ierna A, Mauromicale G. Variation of polyphenols in a germplasm collection of globe artichoke. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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45
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Rondanelli M, Opizzi A, Faliva M, Bucci M, Perna S. Relationship between the absorption of 5-hydroxytryptophan from an integrated diet, by means of Griffonia simplicifolia extract, and the effect on satiety in overweight females after oral spray administration. Eat Weight Disord 2012; 17:e22-8. [PMID: 22142813 DOI: 10.3275/8165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of overweight may include the use of dietary supplements targeted to counter the feeling of hunger. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial has been performed in 20 overweight females. These subjects were randomly assigned to supplement their diet with either an extract from Griffonia Simplicifolia (10 subjects) or a placebo (10 matched subjects) for 4-weeks, in conjunction with a personalised reduced calorie diet. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, by the assessment of 24-h urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels (5-HIAA), of 1-month administration of a dietary supplement containing 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) from botanical extracts in healthy, overweight females. Secondary endpoints were the assessment of sensation of appetite (by Haber score), body composition, and severity of binge eating. The supplemented group had a significant increase of 24-h urinary 5-HIAA levels (p<0.001), and a decrease in Haber score (p<0.001) while the placebo group did not show significant changes. With regard to changes in body composition, statistically significant differences between the treatment groups were found for the mean change in BMI, suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, arm circumference and hip circumference. Other parameters were found to be similar in the treated and in the placebo groups. In conclusion, this study shows that the 5-hydroxytryptophan present in the Griffonia extract, administered via spray to the oral cavity, is adequately absorbed, as confirmed by the increase in 24-h urinary 5-HIAA, and that the supplementation of the diet of overweight women with 5-hydroxytryptophan increases the feeling of satiety associated with a decrease in BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rondanelli
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Section of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavia, Metabolic and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Italy.
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Falvo S, Di Carli M, Desiderio A, Benvenuto E, Moglia A, America T, Lanteri S, Acquadro A. 2-D DIGE analysis of UV-C radiation-responsive proteins in globe artichoke leaves. Proteomics 2012; 12:448-60. [PMID: 22162389 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to ultraviolet stress inducing a self-defence through the regulation of specific gene family members. The UV acclimation is the result of biochemical and physiological processes, such as enhancement of the antioxidant enzymatic system and accumulation of UV-absorbing phenolic compounds (e.g. flavonoids). Globe artichoke is an attractive species for studying the protein network involved in UV stress response, being characterized by remarkable levels of inducible antioxidants. Proteomic tools can assist the evaluation of the expression patterns of UV-responsive proteins and we applied the difference in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) technology for monitoring the globe artichoke proteome variation at four time points following an acute UV-C exposure. A total of 145 UV-C-modulated proteins were observed and 119 were identified by LC-MS/MS using a ∼144,000 customized Compositae protein database, which included about 19,000 globe artichoke unigenes. Proteins were Gene Ontology (GO) categorized, visualized on their pathways and their behaviour was discussed. A predicted protein interaction network was produced and highly connected hub-like proteins were highlighted. Most of the proteins differentially modulated were chloroplast located, involved in photosynthesis, sugar metabolisms, protein folding and abiotic stress. The identification of UV-C-responsive proteins may contribute to shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to UV stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Falvo
- DIVAPRA, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
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Pecchia P, Cammareri M, Malafronte N, Consiglio MF, Gualtieri MJ, Conicella C. Quinic Acids from Aster caucasicus and from Transgenic Callus Expressing a β-Amyrin Synthase§. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100601125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several different classes of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins and quinic acid derivatives, are found in Aster spp. (Fam. Asteraceae). Several Aster compounds revealed biological as well as pharmacological activities. In this work, a phytochemical investigation of A. caucasicus evidenced the presence of quinic acid derivatives, as well as the absence of triterpene saponins. To combine in one species the production of different phytochemicals, including triterpenes, an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of A. caucasicus was set up to introduce A. sedifolius β-amyrin synthase (AsOXA1)-encoding gene under the control of the constitutive promoter CaMV35S. The quali-quantitative analysis of transgenic calli with ectopic expression of AsOXA1 showed, in one sample, a negligible amount of triterpene saponins combined with higher amount of quinic acid derivatives as compared with the wild type callus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pecchia
- CNR-IGV, Research Institute of Plant Genetics, Research Division Portici, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Cammareri
- CNR-IGV, Research Institute of Plant Genetics, Research Division Portici, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Nicola Malafronte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano SA, Italy
| | - M. Federica Consiglio
- CNR-IGV, Research Institute of Plant Genetics, Research Division Portici, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Josefina Gualtieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano SA, Italy
| | - Clara Conicella
- CNR-IGV, Research Institute of Plant Genetics, Research Division Portici, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Cooper CM, Davies NW, Motti CA, Menary RC. Glycosidic conjugates of C13 norisoprenoids, monoterpenoids, and cucurbates in Boronia megastigma (Nees). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:2610-2617. [PMID: 21366309 DOI: 10.1021/jf104051t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of a methanolic extract of marc from Boronia megastigma (Nees) using LC-MS (APCI, nominal mass) provided strong evidence for the presence of both glycosides and malonyl glycosides of methyl cucurbates, C13 norisoprenoids including megastigmanes, and monoterpene alcohols. Subsequent fractionation of an extract from the marc using XAD-2 and LH 20 chromatography followed by LC-UV/MS-SPE-NMR and accurate mass LC-MS resulted in the isolation and identification of (1R,4R,5R)-3,3,5-trimethyl-4-[(1E)-3-oxobut-1-en-1-yl]cyclohexyl β-D-glucopyranoside (3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-β-ionone-β-D-glucopyranoside); 3,7-dimethylocta-1,5-diene-3,7-diol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside; and a methyl {(1R)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-[(2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl}acetate stereoisomer (a methyl cucurbate-β-D-glucopyranoside); and provided evidence for 3,7-dimethylocta-1,5-diene-3,7-diol-3-O-(6'-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside in boronia flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Cooper
- School of Agricultural Science and Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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Ceccarelli N, Curadi M, Picciarelli P, Martelloni L, Sbrana C, Giovannetti M. Globe artichoke as a functional food. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-010-0021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Moglia A, Comino C, Portis E, Acquadro A, De Vos RCH, Beekwilder J, Lanteri S. Isolation and mapping of a C3'H gene (CYP98A49) from globe artichoke, and its expression upon UV-C stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2009; 28:963-74. [PMID: 19301010 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-009-0695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Globe artichoke represents a natural source of phenolic compounds with dicaffeoylquinic acids along with their biosynthetic precursor chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid) as the predominant molecules. We report the isolation and characterization of a full-length cDNA and promoter of a globe artichoke p-coumaroyl ester 3'-hydroxylase (CYP98A49), which is involved in both chlorogenic acid and lignin biosynthesis. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that this gene belongs to the CYP98 family. CYP98A49 was also heterologously expressed in yeast, in order to perform an enzymatic assay with p-coumaroylshikimate and p-coumaroylquinate as substrates. Real Time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that CYP98A49 expression is induced upon exposure to UV-C radiation. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the CYP98A49 gene sequence of two globe artichoke varieties used for genetic mapping allowed the localization of this gene to linkage group 10 within the previously developed maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Moglia
- DiVaPRA, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, via L. da Vinci 44, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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