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Yang Y, Cao Y, Yu J, Yu X, Guo Y, Wang F, Ren Q, Li C. Design and synthesis of novel 3-amino-5-phenylpyrazole derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors targeting the colchicine-binding site. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116177. [PMID: 38280356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
As the basic unit of microtubules, tubulin is one of the most important targets in the study of anticarcinogens. A novel series of 3-amino-5-phenylpyrazole derivatives were designed and synthesized, and evaluates for their biological activities. Among them, a majority of compounds exerted excellent inhibitory activities against five cancer cell lines in vitro. Especially, compound 5b showed a strong antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells, with IC50 value of 38.37 nM. Further research indicated that compound 5b can inhibit the polymerization of tubulin targeting the tubulin colchicine-binding sites. Furthermore, 5b could arrest MCF-7 cells at the G2/M phase and induce MCF-7 cells apoptotic in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manners, and regulate the level of related proteins expression. Besides, compound 5b could inhibit the cancer cell migration and angiogenesis. In addition, 5b could inhibit tumor growth in MCF-7 xenograft model without obvious toxicity. All these results indicating that 5b could be a promising antitumor agent targeting tubulin colchicine-binding site and it was worth further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; Department of Trauma Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No.20 Xisi Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, 226001, PR China
| | - Yan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Jingwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Xinyu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yali Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Qingjia Ren
- Tibetan Medicine Research Institute, Tibetan Traditional Medical College, Tibet, 850000, PR China.
| | - Caolong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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2
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Li K, Kelly HR, Franco A, Batista VS, Baráth E. Dehydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation of Alkenones to Phenols and Ketones on Carbon-Supported Noble Metals. ACS Catal 2024; 14:2883-2896. [PMID: 38449532 PMCID: PMC10913045 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic dehydrogenation of substituted alkenones on noble metal catalysts supported on carbon (Pt/C, Pd/C, Rh/C, and Ru/C) was investigated in an organic phase under inert conditions. The dehydrogenation and semihydrogenation of the enone starting materials resulted in aromatic compounds (primary products), saturated cyclic ketones (secondary products), and cyclic alcohols (minor products). Pd/C exhibits the highest catalytic activity, followed by Pt/C and Rh/C. Aromatic compounds remain the primary products, even in the presence of hydrogen donors. Joint experimental and theoretical analyses showed that the four catalytic materials stabilize a common dienol intermediate on the metal surfaces, formed by keto-enol tautomerization. This intermediate subsequently forms aromatic products upon dehydrogenation. The binding orientation of the enone reactants on the catalytic surface is strongly metal-dependent, as the M-O bond distance changes substantially according to the metal. The longer M-O bonds (Pt: 2.84 Å > Pd: 2.23 Å > Rh: 2.17 Å > Ru: 2.07 Å) correlate with faster reaction rates and more favorable keto-enol tautomerization, as shorter distances correspond to a more stabilized starting material. Tautomerization is shown to occur via a stepwise surface-assisted pathway. Overall, each of the studied metals exhibits a distinct balance of enthalpy and entropy of activation (ΔH°‡, ΔS°‡), offering unique possibilities in the realm of enone dehydrogenation reactions that can be achieved by suitable selection of catalytic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
| | - H. Ray Kelly
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ana Franco
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse (e.V. LIKAT), Albert Einstein Str. 29a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Eszter Baráth
- Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse (e.V. LIKAT), Albert Einstein Str. 29a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
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3
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Cui YJ, Zhou Y, Zhang XW, Dou BK, Ma CC, Zhang J. The discovery of water-soluble indazole derivatives as potent microtubule polymerization inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115870. [PMID: 37890199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Taking a previously discovered indazole derivative 1 as a lead, systematic structural modifications were performed with an indazole core at the 1- and 6-positions to improve its aqueous solubility. Among the designed indazole derivatives, 6-methylpyridin-3-yl indazole derivative 8l and 1H-indol-4-yl indazole derivative 8m exhibited high potency in the low nanomolar range against A549, Huh-7, and T24 cancer cells, including Taxol-resistant variant cells (A549/Tax). As a hydrochloride salt, 8l exhibited much improved aqueous solubility, and its log P value fell into a favorable range. In mechanistic studies, 8l impeded tubulin polymerization through interacting with the colchicine site, resulting in cell cycle arrest and cellular apoptosis. In addition, compared to lead compound 1, 8l reduced cell migration and led to more potent inhibition of tumor growth in vivo without apparent toxicity. In summary, indazole derivative 8l could work as a potential anticancer agent and deserves further investigation for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xi-Wu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Bao-Kai Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Chen-Chen Ma
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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4
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Ignatov AV, Varakutin AE, Solov’eva IN, Karmanova IB, Kozlov IA, Semenova MN, Semenov VV. Efficient hydrogenation of benzaldoximes and Schiff bases on ceramic high-porosity palladium catalysts. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Liu X, Chen J, Ma T. Catalytic dehydrogenative aromatization of cyclohexanones and cyclohexenones. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8662-8676. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02351d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prompted by the scant attention paid by published literature reviews to the comprehensive catalytic dehydrogenative aromatization of cyclohexa(e)nones, this review describes recent methods developed to-date involving transition-metal-catalyzed oxidative aromatization and metal-free strategies for the transformation of cyclohexa(e)nones to substituted phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Liu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Chuzhou University
- Chuzhou
- China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Tianlin Ma
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Chuzhou University
- Chuzhou
- China
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6
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Liu XL, Zhang XL, Xia AB, Guo YJ, Meng CH, Xu DQ. Tryptophan/copper-catalyzed aromatization reaction of chiral cyclohexanones to phenols. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:5126-5130. [PMID: 28594034 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01114h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
By merging organocatalysis with copper catalysis, a highly efficient stereospecific approach for the synthesis of chiral phenols from cyclohexanones has been developed for the first time. The aromatization reaction proceeds through the in situ formation of enone intermediates and further subsequent bromination/dehydrobromination reactions. And a series of functionalized phenol derivatives are obtained in good yields (up to 89%) and good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Li Liu
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Centre, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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7
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Tarade D, Ma D, Pignanelli C, Mansour F, Simard D, van den Berg S, Gauld J, McNulty J, Pandey S. Structurally simplified biphenyl combretastatin A4 derivatives retain in vitro anti-cancer activity dependent on mitotic arrest. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171806. [PMID: 28253265 PMCID: PMC5333808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cis-stilbene, combretastatin A4 (CA4), is a potent microtubule targeting and vascular damaging agent. Despite promising results at the pre-clinical level and extensive clinical evaluation, CA4 has yet to be approved for therapeutic use. One impediment to the development of CA4 is an inherent conformational instability about the ethylene linker, which joins two aromatic rings. We have previously published preliminary data regarding structurally simplified biphenyl derivatives of CA4, lacking an ethylene linker, which retain anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity, albeit at higher doses. Our current study provides a more comprehensive evaluation regarding the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties of biphenyl CA4 derivatives in both 2D and 3D cancerous and non-cancerous cell models. Computational analysis has revealed that cytotoxicity of CA4 and biphenyl analogues correlates with predicted tubulin affinity. Additional mechanistic evaluation of the biphenyl derivatives found that their anti-cancer activity is dependent on prolonged mitotic arrest, in a similar manner to CA4. Lastly, we have shown that cancer cells deficient in the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis experience delayed cell death following treatment with CA4 or analogues. Biphenyl derivatives of CA4 represent structurally simplified analogues of CA4, which retain a similar mechanism of action. The biphenyl analogues warrant in vivo examination to evaluate their potential as vascular damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tarade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dennis Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Pignanelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fadi Mansour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Simard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean van den Berg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Gauld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - James McNulty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siyaram Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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8
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Methylene versus carbonyl bridge in the structure of new tubulin polymerization inhibitors with tricyclic A-rings. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6021-6030. [PMID: 27707624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phenothiazine group has been identified as a suitable A ring in the structure of tubulin polymerization inhibitors. In our search to identify more potent inhibitors, a study of different isosteric tricyclic groups as new potential A rings was first realized and permitted to identify 1-azaphenothiazine and iminodibenzyl as favorable modulations providing compounds with improved activity against tubulin. An investigation of the methylene group as the connector between the A and B rings revealed that the "CH2" bridge was tolerated, improving the biological potency when the A unit was of phenothiazine, 1-azaphenothiazine or iminodibenzyl type. Molecules 6-8 and 12 showed increased biological activity in comparison to parent phenstatin 2 on COLO 205 colon cancer cell line. The most antineoplastic agent in the current study was phenothiazine 5 displaying a GI50 of 25nM against the melanoma MDA-MB-435 cell line.
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9
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Banimustafa M, Kheirollahi A, Safavi M, Kabudanian Ardestani S, Aryapour H, Foroumadi A, Emami S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-(trimethoxyphenyl)-2(3H)-thiazole thiones as combretastatin analogs. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:692-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Tseng TH, Tsheng YM, Lee YJ, Hsu HL. Total Synthesis of Carpacin and its Geometric Isomer as a Cancer Chemopreventer. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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dos Santos EDA, Hamel E, Bai R, Burnett JC, Tozatti CSS, Bogo D, Perdomo RT, Antunes AMM, Marques MM, Matos MDFC, de Lima DP. Synthesis and evaluation of diaryl sulfides and diaryl selenide compounds for antitubulin and cytotoxic activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4669-73. [PMID: 23810282 PMCID: PMC3774136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have devised a procedure for the synthesis of analogs of combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) containing sulfur and selenium atoms as spacer groups between the aromatic rings. CA-4 is well known for its potent activity as an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, and its prodrugs combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CA-4P) and combretastatin A-1 phosphate (CA-1P) are being investigated as antitumor agents that cause tumor vascular collapse in addition to their activity as cytotoxic compounds. Here we report the preparation of two sulfur analogs and one selenium analog of CA-4. All synthesized compounds, as well as several synthetic intermediates, were evaluated for inhibition of tubulin polymerization and for cytotoxic activity in human cancer cells. Compounds 3 and 4 were active at nM concentration against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. As inhibitors of tubulin polymerization, both 3 and 4 were more active than CA-4 itself. In addition, 4 was the most active of these agents against 786, HT-29 and PC-3 cancer cells. Molecular modeling binding studies are also reported for compounds 1, 3, 4 and CA-4 to tubulin within the colchicine site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson dos A. dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Laboratório LP4, Av. Filinto Müller, 1555, 79070-900 Campo Grande (MS), Brazil
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - James C. Burnett
- Computational Drug Development Group, Developmental Therapeutics Program, FNLCR, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Camila Santos Suniga Tozatti
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Laboratório LP4, Av. Filinto Müller, 1555, 79070-900 Campo Grande (MS), Brazil
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Culturas Celulares-CCBS, CP 549, 79070-900 Campo Grande (MS), Brazil
| | - Renata T. Perdomo
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Culturas Celulares-CCBS, CP 549, 79070-900 Campo Grande (MS), Brazil
| | - Alexandra M. M. Antunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M. Matilde Marques
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria de F. C. Matos
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Culturas Celulares-CCBS, CP 549, 79070-900 Campo Grande (MS), Brazil
| | - Dênis P. de Lima
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Laboratório LP4, Av. Filinto Müller, 1555, 79070-900 Campo Grande (MS), Brazil
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12
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Ghinet A, Tourteau A, Rigo B, Stocker V, Leman M, Farce A, Dubois J, Gautret P. Synthesis and biological evaluation of fluoro analogues of antimitotic phenstatin. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2932-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Tozatti CSS, Khodyuk RGD, da Silva AO, dos Santos EDA, de Lima MSDAEDP, Hamel E. SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BIARYL ANALOGS OF ANTITUBULIN COMPOUNDS. QUIM NOVA 2012; 35:1758-1762. [PMID: 23087491 PMCID: PMC3472429 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422012000900010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis of methanones and esters bearing different substitution patterns as spacer groups between aromatic rings. This series of compounds can be considered phenstatin analogs. Two of the newly synthesized compounds, 5a and 5c, strongly inhibited tubulin polymerization and the binding of [(3)H] colchicine to tubulin, suggesting that, akin to phenstatin and combretastatin A-4, they can bind to tubulin at the colchicine site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Santos Suniga Tozatti
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 1555, 79074-460 Campo Grande - MS, Brasil
| | - Rejane Gonçalves Diniz Khodyuk
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 1555, 79074-460 Campo Grande - MS, Brasil
| | - Adriano Olimpio da Silva
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 1555, 79074-460 Campo Grande - MS, Brasil
| | - Edson dos Anjos dos Santos
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 1555, 79074-460 Campo Grande - MS, Brasil
| | | | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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14
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Ghinet A, Rigo B, Hénichart JP, Le Broc-Ryckewaert D, Pommery J, Pommery N, Thuru X, Quesnel B, Gautret P. Synthesis and biological evaluation of phenstatin metabolites. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6042-54. [PMID: 21920767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigations on the incubation of phenstatin with rat and human microsomal fractions revealed the formation of nine main metabolites. The structures of eight of these metabolites have been now confirmed by synthesis and their biological properties have been reported. Eaton's reagent was utilized as a convenient condensing agent, allowing, among others, a simple multigram scale preparation of phenstatin. Synthesized metabolites and related compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity in the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel, and for their effect on microtubule assembly. Metabolite 23 (2'-methoxyphenstatin) exhibited the most potent in vitro cytotoxic activity: inhibition of the growth of K-562, NCI-H322M, NCI-H522, KM12, M14, MDA-MB-435, NCI/ADR-RES, and HS 578T cell lines with GI(50) values <10nM. It also showed more significant tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity than parent phenstatin (3) (IC(50)=3.2 μM vs 15.0 μM) and induced G2/M arrest in murine leukemia DA1-3b cells. The identification of this active metabolite led to the design and synthesis of analogs with potent in vitro cytotoxicity and inhibition of microtubule assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Ghinet
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
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15
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Odlo K, Fournier-Dit-Chabert J, Ducki S, Gani OA, Sylte I, Hansen TV. 1,2,3-Triazole analogs of combretastatin A-4 as potential microtubule-binding agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6874-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Wang XL, Liu D, Xia YM, Cao XP, Pan XF. Ramberg-Bäcklund Rearrangement Approaches to the Synthesis of Natural Bibenzyls. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20040220515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Barbosa EG, Bega LAS, Beatriz A, Sarkar T, Hamel E, do Amaral MS, de Lima DP. A diaryl sulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone bearing structural similarities to combretastatin A-4. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 44:2685-8. [PMID: 19135763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies examining various spacer groups that link the two aromatic rings of combretastatin A-4 (CA4) have shown that the biological activity of analogs does not require the cis-stilbene configuration of CA4. Oxygen or nitrogen, carbonyl, methylene and ethylene spacers, for example, are present in CA4 analogs that show good activity. Up to now sulfur was not tested for this purpose. In this article we describe the synthesis of sulfide, sulfoxide and sulfone spacers between two aromatic rings comparable to those of CA4. We also compared them with CA4 for inhibitory effects on cell growth, tubulin polymerization, and the binding of [(3)H]colchicine to tubulin. We found that the sulfide is highly active and may be a lead compound for the preparation of antitumor compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euzébio G Barbosa
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Departamento de Química-CCET, Laboratório LP4, CP 549, 79070-900 Campo Grande (MS), Brazil
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18
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Wu B, Qu H, Cheng Y. Cytotoxicity of New Stilbenoids from Pholidota chinensis and Their Spin-Labeled Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2008; 5:1803-10. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200890169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Harvey MJ, Banwell MG, Lupton DW. The synthesis of compounds related to the indole–indoline core of the vinca alkaloids (+)-vinblastine and (+)-vincristine. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Johnson M, Younglove B, Lee L, LeBlanc R, Holt H, Hills P, Mackay H, Brown T, Mooberry SL, Lee M. Design, synthesis, and biological testing of pyrazoline derivatives of combretastatin-A4. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5897-901. [PMID: 17827004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen N-acetylated and non-acetylated 3,4,5-tri- or 2,5-dimethoxypyrazoline analogs of combretastatin-A4 (1) were synthesized. A non-acetylated derivative (5a) with the same substituents as CA-4 (1) was the most active compound in the series, with IC(50) values of 2.1 and 0.5 microM in B16 and L1210 cell lines, respectively. In contrast, a similar compound with an acetyl group at N1 of the pyrazoline ring (6g) showed poor activity in the cell lines studied. A cell-based assay indicated that compound 5a caused extensive microtubule depolymerization with an EC(50) value of 7.1 microM in A-10 cells while no activity was seen with the acetylated compound. Molecular modeling studies showed that these compounds possess a twisted conformation similar to CA-4 (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlie Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Hope College, MI 49423, USA
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21
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Pla D, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Regioselective Monobromination of Free and Protected Phenols. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Tron GC, Pirali T, Sorba G, Pagliai F, Busacca S, Genazzani AA. Medicinal chemistry of combretastatin A4: present and future directions. J Med Chem 2006; 49:3033-44. [PMID: 16722619 DOI: 10.1021/jm0512903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gian Cesare Tron
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Alimentari, Farmaceutiche e Farmacologiche and Drug and Food Biotechnology Center, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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23
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Medarde M, Maya ABS, Pérez-Melero C. Naphthalene combretastatin analogues: synthesis, cytotoxicity and antitubulin activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2006; 19:521-40. [PMID: 15662956 DOI: 10.1080/14756360412331280473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis and evaluation of new combretastatin analogues with varied modifications on the bridge and the aromatic rings, have shown that the 2-naphthyl moiety is a good surrogate for the 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl (B-ring) of combretastatin A-4. Other bicyclic systems, such as 6(7)-quinolyl and 5-indolyl, can replace the B-ring, but they produce less potent analogues in the cytotoxicity and tubulin polymerization inhibition assays. Other modifications are detrimental for the potency of the studied analogues. The 2-naphthyl combretastatin 53 and the related 6-quinolyl combretastatin 106 analogues are the most potent among the derivatives of this type, whereas 92 and 95 are the most potent among the naphthalene derivatives with a heterocycle in the bridge. Previous and new results in this family of combretastatin analogues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Medarde
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.
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24
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Wilkinson JA, Rossington SB, Ducki S, Leonard J, Hussain N. Asymmetric alkylation of diarylmethane derivatives. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Bovicelli P, Antonioletti R, Onori A, Delogu G, Fabbri D, Dettori MA. Regioselective halogenation of biphenyls for preparation of valuable polyhydroxylated biphenyls and diquinones. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Provot O, Giraud A, Peyrat JF, Alami M, Brion JD. Synthetic approach to enyne and enediyne analogues of anticancer agents. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Buommino E, Nicoletti R, Gaeta GM, Orlando M, Ciavatta ML, Baroni A, Tufano MA. 3-O-methylfunicone, a secondary metabolite produced by Penicillium pinophilum, induces growth arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells. Cell Prolif 2005; 37:413-26. [PMID: 15548174 PMCID: PMC6495956 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2004.00323.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
3-O-Methylfunicone (OMF) is a secondary metabolite produced by the soil fungus Penicillium pinophilum which has cytostatic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which such properties are exerted, with special reference to any anti-proliferative and apoptotic potential, on HeLa cells. OMF treatment caused about 44% inhibition of cell growth after 24 h, and modifications in the tubulin fibre organization. In addition, a significant increase in p21 mRNA expression and a decrease in cyclin D1 and Cdk4 mRNA expression resulted at the same time. Apoptosis induction was demonstrated by the annexin V assay, cytofluorimetric analysis of the DNA content of the sub-G1 fraction and DNA laddering. Taken together, our data showed that the compound inhibits proliferation of HeLa cells by several mechanisms, such as disruption of tubulin fibres, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. The capacity of the compound to affect the cell cycle and to modulate apoptosis is indicative of a potential for the development of a new agent for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Buommino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Second University of Naples, Italy
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28
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Lisowski V, Léonce S, Kraus-Berthier L, Sopková-de Oliveira Santos J, Pierré A, Atassi G, Caignard DH, Renard P, Rault S. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel thienopyrrolizinones as antitubulin agents. J Med Chem 2004; 47:1448-64. [PMID: 14998333 DOI: 10.1021/jm030961z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the structure-activity relationship study of a new 3-aryl-8H-thieno[2,3-b]pyrrolizin-8-one series of antitubulin agents. The pharmacological results from the National Cancer Institute in vitro human disease oriented tumor cell line screening allowed us to identify compound 1d (NSC 676693) as a very efficient antitumoral drug in all cancer cell lines tested. This prompted us to define the structural requirements essential for this antiproliferative activity. Among all analogues synthesized in this study, compound 1o was the most promising, being 10-fold more potent than compound 1d. Its activity over a panel of nine tumoral cell lines was in the nanomolar range for all of the histological types tested, and surprisingly, the resistant KB-A1 cell line was also sensitive to this compound. Moreover, a flow cytometric study showed that L1210 cells treated by the most potent compounds were arrested in the G(2)/M phases of the cell cycle with a significant percentage of cells having reinitiated a cycle of DNA synthesis without cell division. This interesting pharmacological profile, resulting from inhibition of tubulin polymerization, encouraged us to perform preliminary in vivo studies that led to a new prodrug chemical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lisowski
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Caen, 1 Rue Vaubénard, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
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29
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Wilkinson JA, Rossington SB, Leonard J, Hussein N. Asymmetric alkylation of diphenylmethane derivatives using (−)-sparteine. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.11.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Gaukroger K, Hadfield JA, Lawrence NJ, Nolan S, McGown AT. Structural requirements for the interaction of combretastatins with tubulin: how important is the trimethoxy unit? Org Biomol Chem 2003; 1:3033-7. [PMID: 14518125 DOI: 10.1039/b306878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of combretastatins possessing both a trimethoxy unit and other substituents on ring A has been synthesised and tested for cytotoxicity and their ability to interact with the protein tubulin. All previous studies have indicated that the trimethoxy unit is essential for interaction with tubulin. The studies herein show that molecules possessing functionalities other than trimethoxy can also interact with tubulin. Importantly a trimethyl substituted agent 52a has shown reduced cytotoxicity, but increased potency in its ability to inhibit the assembly of tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keira Gaukroger
- Drug Development Section, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX
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31
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Gwaltney SL, Imade HM, Barr KJ, Li Q, Gehrke L, Credo RB, Warner RB, Lee JY, Kovar P, Wang J, Nukkala MA, Zielinski NA, Frost D, Ng SC, Sham HL. Novel sulfonate analogues of combretastatin A-4: potent antimitotic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:871-4. [PMID: 11294380 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonate analogues of combretastatin A-4 have been prepared. These compounds compete with colchicine and combretastatin A-4 for the colchicine binding site on tubulin and are potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and cell proliferation. Importantly, these compounds also inhibit the proliferation of P-glycoprotein positive (+) cancer cells, which are resistant to many other antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Gwaltney
- Cancer Research, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6101, USA.
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32
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Lawrence NJ, Rennison D, Woo M, McGown AT, Hadfield JA. Antimitotic and cell growth inhibitory properties of combretastatin A-4-like ethers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:51-4. [PMID: 11140732 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of diarylamines, diaryl and arylbenzyl ethers based on combretastatin A-4 was prepared and evaluated for anticancer activity. 2-Methoxy-5-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenoxymethyl)phenol was the most active (IC50, K562 20 nM) and caused significant G2/M cell cycle arrest.
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33
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Panzer A, Joubert AM, Bianchi PC, Hamel E, Seegers JC. The effects of chelidonine on tubulin polymerisation, cell cycle progression and selected signal transmission pathways. Eur J Cell Biol 2001; 80:111-8. [PMID: 11211931 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chelidonine is a tertiary benzophenanthridine alkaloid known to cause mitotic arrest and to interact weakly with tubulin. Our interest in chelidonine began when we found it to be a major contaminant of Ukrain, which is a compound reported to be selectively toxic to malignant cells. The effects of chelidonine in two normal (monkey kidney and Hs27), two transformed (Vero and Graham 293) and two malignant (WHCO5 and HeLa) cell lines, were examined. Chelidonine proved to be a weak inhibitor of cell growth, but no evidence for selective cytotoxicity was found in this study. It was confirmed that chelidonine inhibits tubulin polymerisation (IC50 = 24 microM), explaining its ability to disrupt microtubular structure in cells. A G2/M arrest results, which is characterised by abnormal metaphase morphology, increased levels of cyclin B1 and enhanced cdc2 kinase activity. Exposure of all cell lines examined to chelidonine leads to activation of the stress-activated protein kinase/jun kinase pathway (SAPK/JNK).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Panzer
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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34
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Chen Z, Mocharla VP, Farmer JM, Pettit GR, Hamel E, Pinney KG. Preparation of new anti-tubulin ligands through a dual-mode, addition-elimination reaction to a bromo-substituted alpha, beta-unsaturated sulfoxide. J Org Chem 2000; 65:8811-5. [PMID: 11112609 DOI: 10.1021/jo0004761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, P.O. Box 97348, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA
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35
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Panzer A, Hamel E, Joubert AM, Bianchi PC, Seegers JC. Ukrain(TM), a semisynthetic Chelidonium majus alkaloid derivative, acts by inhibition of tubulin polymerization in normal and malignant cell lines. Cancer Lett 2000; 160:149-57. [PMID: 11053644 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(00)00578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ukrain(TM) has been described as a semisynthetic Chelidonium majus alkaloid derivative, which exhibits selective toxicity towards malignant cells only. Its mechanism of action has hitherto been uncertain. We found that Ukrain(TM) inhibits tubulin polymerization, leading to impaired microtubule dynamics. This results in activation of the spindle checkpoint and thus a metaphase block. The effects of Ukrain(TM) on the growth, cell cycle progression and morphology of two normal, two transformed and two malignant cell lines did not differ. We could thus find no evidence for the selective cytotoxicity previously reported for Ukrain(TM).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Panzer
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa
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36
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Brown ML, Rieger JM, Macdonald TL. Comparative molecular field analysis of colchicine inhibition and tubulin polymerization for combretastatins binding to the colchicine binding site on beta-tubulin. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:1433-41. [PMID: 10896120 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A molecular modeling study using Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) was undertaken to develop a predictive model for combretastatin binding to the colchicine binding site of tubulin. Furthermore, we examined the potential contribution of lipophilicity (log P) and molecular dipole moment and were unable to correlate these properties to the observed biological data. In this study we first confirmed that tubulin polymerization inhibition (IC50) correlated (R2 = 0.92) with [3H]colchicine displacement. Although these data correlated quite well, we developed two independent models for each set of data to quantify structural features that may contribute to each biological property independently. To develop our predictive model we first examined a series of molecular alignments for the training set and ultimately found that overlaying the respective trimethoxyphenyl rings (A ring) of the analogues generated the best correlated model. The CoMFA yielded a cross-validated R2 = 0.41 (optimum number of components equal to 5) for the tubulin polymerization model and an R2 = 0.38 (optimum number of components equal to 5) for [3H]colchicine inhibition. Final non-cross-validation generated models for tubulin polymerization (R2 of 0.93) and colchicine inhibition (R2 of 0.91). These models were validated by predicting both biological properties for compounds not used in the training set. These models accurately predicted the IC50 for tubulin polymerization with an R2 of 0.88 (n = 6) and those of [3H]colchicine displacement with an R2 of 0.80 (n = 7). This study represents the first predictive model for the colchicine binding site over a wide range of combretastatin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Brown
- Chemistry Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22904-4319, USA
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37
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Medarde M, Ramos AC, Caballero E, Peláez-Lamamié de Clairac R, López JL, Grávalos DG, Feliciano AS. Synthesis and pharmacological activity of diarylindole derivatives. Cytotoxic agents based on combretastatins. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:2303-8. [PMID: 10476858 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Taking into account the structure of Combretastatins, we have synthesized and assayed for cytotoxic activity of new indole derivatives. Two aryl groups are maintained in the cis orientation required for activity by means of an indole moiety built up on less active ketoderivatives used as starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Medarde
- Lab. de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica. Fac. Farmacia, Salamanca, Spain.
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38
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Gastpar R, Goldbrunner M, Marko D, von Angerer E. Methoxy-substituted 3-formyl-2-phenylindoles inhibit tubulin polymerization. J Med Chem 1998; 41:4965-72. [PMID: 9836614 DOI: 10.1021/jm980228l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the identification of the essential structural elements in the 12-formyl-5,6-dihydroindolo[2, 1-a]isoquinoline system required for the inhibition of tubulin polymerization which is understood to be the predominant mode of action of this class of cytostatics. Since 2-phenylindole forms the main fragment of this tetracycle, it was used as the basic structure and modified with respect to the number and positions of the oxygen functions in the aromatic rings. Further modifications related to the nitrogen, which was both replaced by oxygen and sulfur and alkylated. All derivatives were tested for cytostatic activity in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB 231, MCF-7) and inhibition of tubulin polymerization. The spectrum of activity ranged from inactive to IC50 values of 35 nM (cell growth inhibition) and 1.5 microM (tubulin polymerization), respectively, for the most active derivative 3e (3-formyl-6-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)indole). Although the correlation between antiproliferative activity and inhibition of tubulin polymerization was not very pronounced, all of the potent cytostatic agents in this study disrupted microtubule assembly completely at the standard concentration of 40 microM. By fluorescence microscopy it was demonstrated that the derivative 3e degrades the cytoskeleton in a similar fashion as colchicine does leading to the condensation of the microtubules around the nucleus after treatment. The comparison between hydroxy and methoxy derivatives revealed a striking difference between the 2-phenylindole derivatives and the indoloisoquinolines. In the 2-phenylindole series, the methoxy compounds were much more effective than the free phenols, whereas in the tetracyclic system the effect of the hydroxy derivatives exceeded that of the methylated compounds by 1 order of magnitude. Preliminary studies on the binding mode showed that both the 2-phenylindole derivatives and the indoloisoquinolines bind to the colchicine site on tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gastpar
- Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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39
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Shirai R, Takayama H, Nishikawa A, Koiso Y, Hashimoto Y. Asymmetric synthesis of antimitotic combretadioxolane with potent antitumor activity against multi-drug resistant cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:1997-2000. [PMID: 9873473 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The (S,S)-enantiomer of combretadioxolane (3), designed as a chirally preorganized derivative of combretastatin A-4, exhibited quite strong tubulin polymerization-inhibitory activity (IC50: 4-6 microM). (S,S)-3 is 20 times more potent than vincristine as an in vitro growth inhibitor (in terms of GI50) of the multi-drug-resistant (MDR) cell line PC-12, which produces P-glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shirai
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (IMCB), University of Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Pettit GR, Toki B, Herald DL, Verdier-Pinard P, Boyd MR, Hamel E, Pettit RK. Antineoplastic agents. 379. Synthesis of phenstatin phosphate. J Med Chem 1998; 41:1688-95. [PMID: 9572894 DOI: 10.1021/jm970644q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of the South African willow tree (Combretum caffrum) antineoplastic constituent combretastatin A-4 (1b) directed at maintaining the (Z)-stilbene relationship of the olefin diphenyl substituents led to synthesis of a potent cancer cell growth inhibitor designated phenstatin (3b). Initially phenstatin silyl ether (3a) was unexpectedly obtained by Jacobsen oxidation of combretastatin A-4 silyl ether (1c --> 3a), and the parent phenstatin (3b) was later synthesized (6a --> 3a --> 3b) in quantity. Phenstatin was converted to the sodium phosphate prodrug (3d) by a dibenzyl phosphite phosphorylation and subsequent hydrogenolysis sequence (3b --> 3c --> 3d). Phenstatin (3b) inhibited growth of the pathogenic bacterium Neisseriagonorrhoeae and was a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization and the binding of colchicine to tubulin comparable to combretastatin A-4 (1b). Interestingly, the prodrugs were found to have reduced activity in these biochemical assays. While no significant tubulin activity was observed with the phosphorylated derivative of combretastatin A-4 (1d), phosphate 3d retained detectable inhibitory effects in both assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Pettit
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
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41
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Hadfield JA, McGown AT. Preparation and Evaluation of Diarylalkynes as Antitumour Agents. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919808006841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Miyaura N. Synthesis of biaryls via the cross-coupling reaction of arylboronic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1045-0688(98)80007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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43
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Medarde M, Ramos A, Caballero E, Clairac RPLD, López JL, Grávalos DG, Feliciano AS. Synthesis and antineoplastic activity of combretastatin analogues: Heterocombretastatins. Eur J Med Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(99)80078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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Goldbrunner M, Loidl G, Polossek T, Mannschreck A, von Angerer E. Inhibition of tubulin polymerization by 5,6-dihydroindolo[2,1-alpha]isoquinoline derivatives. J Med Chem 1997; 40:3524-33. [PMID: 9357519 DOI: 10.1021/jm970177c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
6-Alkyl-12-formyl-5,6-dihydroindolo[2,1-alpha]isoquinolines have been shown to inhibit the growth of human mammary carcinoma cells by an unknown mode of action. One of the possible molecular targets is the tubulin system which is involved in cell division. A number of 5,6-dihydroindolo[2,1-alpha]isoquinolines with methoxy or hydroxy groups in positions 3, 9, and/or 10 and various functional groups such as formyl, acetyl, cyano, alkylimino, and alkylamino in position 12 were synthesized and evaluated for both inhibition of tubulin polymerization and cytostatic activity in MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. In the tubulin polymerization assay, only hydroxy derivatives were active, whereas both the hydroxy derivatives and some of the methoxy compounds inhibited cell growth. In order to establish a correlation between the inhibition of tubulin polymerization and cytostatic activity in the hydroxy series, two of the most active racemates were separated into the enantiomers. In both assays, the relative potencies of the hydroxy derivatives were in a similar order. Highest activity was found for the (+)-isomers of 6-propyl- (6b) and 6-butyl-12-formyl-5,6-hydro-3,9-dihydroxyindolo[2,1-alpha]isoquino line (6c) with IC50 values of 11 +/- 0.4 and 3.1 +/- 0.4 microM, respectively, for the polymerization of tubulin at 37 degrees C (colchicine: 2.1 +/- 0.1 microM). The active hydroxy derivatives displaced 40-70% of [3H]colchicine from its binding site in the tubulin at concentrations 10-fold higher than that of colchicine. The data suggest that hydroxy-substituted indolo[2,1-alpha]isoquinolines bind to the colchicine-binding site and inhibit the polymerization of tubulin. This action can be assumed to be responsible for the cytostatic activity of the hydroxy derivatives and might also contribute to the antitumor effect of the corresponding methyl ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goldbrunner
- Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Germany
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Fürstner A, Nikolakis K. Ethynylation of Aryl Halides by a Modified Suzuki Reaction: Application to the Syntheses of Combretastatin A-4, A-5 and Lunularic Acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199619961224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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ter Haar E, Rosenkranz HS, Hamel E, Day BW. Computational and molecular modeling evaluation of the structural basis for tubulin polymerization inhibition by colchicine site agents. Bioorg Med Chem 1996; 4:1659-71. [PMID: 8931935 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(96)00158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The computer-automated structure evaluation programs MultiCASE and CASE were used to perform a quantitative structure-activity relationship study on tubulin polymerization inhibitors. A learning set of 536 chemicals (202 active. 27 marginal, and 307 inactive), built using IC50 values for inhibition of tubulin polymerization or mitosis from this and previous studies, was used for artificial intelligence self-teaching. The algorithms successfully predicted the activity of agents in the learning set with > 90% accuracy. Seventeen MultiCASE and twelve CASE (mostly included in the MultiCASE set) biophores (substructures significantly correlated with activity) were identified with a probability > 0.95. Here we present the biophores of podophyllotoxins, colchicinoids, and certain combretastatins, each examined for structure-activity relationships. For the podophyllotoxins and colchicinoids in the learning set, the correlations between observed and predicted potencies were > 0.85. The algorithms recognized the importance of several known site, electronic, and steric effects in the two classes. A predictive QSAR (R2 = 0.98) was developed for combretastain A-2 and dihydrocombretastatin analogues. The MultiCASE/CASE analyzes were used in combination with molecular models to study relative orientations of colchicine, podophyllotoxin, combretastatin A-4, and steganacin at the colchicine site. This resulted in a new hypothesis, consistent with extensive published experimental data, in which the C-ring and part of the B-ring of colchicine overlap with the A- and B-rings of podophyllotoxin. Consequently, the trimethoxyphenyl rings of colchicine and podophyllotoxin occupied different regions of space, each pointing out from a hydrophobic 'core' occupied by the overlapping biophores. The molecular model of the highly potent combretastatin A-4 could fit into the model binding site in at least three different ways. The developed QSARs were used to identify the potent microtubule stabilizer discodermolide. Its identification, in concert with recently reported findings, suggest potential overlap in the colchicine and paclitaxel binding sites on tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E ter Haar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA
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Medarde M, Peláez-Lamamiéde Clairac R, Ramos AC, Caballero E, López JL, Grávalos DG, Feliciano AS. Synthesis and pharmacological activity of combretastatin analogues. Naphthylcombretastatins and related compounds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00008-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hamel E, Blokhin AV, Nagle DG, Yoo HD, Gerwick WH. Limitations in the use of tubulin polymerization assays as a screen for the identification of new antimitotic agents: The potent marine natural product curacin A as an example. Drug Dev Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.430340204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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D'Amato RJ, Lin CM, Flynn E, Folkman J, Hamel E. 2-Methoxyestradiol, an endogenous mammalian metabolite, inhibits tubulin polymerization by interacting at the colchicine site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:3964-8. [PMID: 8171020 PMCID: PMC43703 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.9.3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A metabolite of estradiol, 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME), inhibits angiogenesis in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. Since 2ME causes mitotic perturbations, we examined its interactions with tubulin. In our standard 1.0 M glutamate system (plus 1.0 mM MgCl2 at 37 degrees C), superstoichiometric concentrations (relative to tubulin) of 2ME inhibited the nucleation and propagation phases of tubulin assembly but did not affect the reaction extent. Although polymer formed in the presence of 2ME was more cold-stable than control polymer, morphology was little changed. Under suboptimal reaction conditions (0.8 M glutamate/no MgCl2 at 26 degrees C), substoichiometric 2ME totally inhibited polymerization. No other estrogenic compound was as effective as 2ME as an inhibitor of polymerization or of the binding of colchicine to tubulin. Inhibition of colchicine binding was competitive (Ki, 22 microM). Thus, a mammalian metabolite of estradiol binds to the colchicine site of tubulin and, depending on reaction conditions, either inhibits assembly or seems to be incorporated into a polymer with altered stability properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J D'Amato
- Department of Surgical Research, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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