1
|
Castro MFV, Assmann CE, Stefanello N, Reichert KP, Palma TV, da Silva AD, Miron VV, Mostardeiro VB, Morsch VMM, Schetinger MRC. Caffeic acid attenuates neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: Pivotal role of the cholinergic and purinergic signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 115:109280. [PMID: 36796549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of caffeic acid (CA) on behavioral learning and memory tasks in the diabetic state. We also evaluated the effect of this phenolic acid on the enzymatic activities of acetylcholinesterase, ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase, ecto-5-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase as well as on the density of M1R, α7nAChR, P2×7R, A1R, A2AR, and inflammatory parameters in the cortex and hippocampus of diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). The animals were divided into six groups: control/vehicle; control/CA 10 and 50 mg/kg; diabetic/vehicle; diabetic/CA 10 and 50 mg/kg, treated by gavage. The results showed that CA improved learning and memory deficits in diabetic rats. Also, CA reversed the increase in acetylcholinesterase and adenosine deaminase activities and reduced ATP and ADP hydrolysis. Moreover, CA increased the density of M1R, α7nAChR, and A1R receptors and reversed the increase in P2×7R and A2AR density in both evaluated structures. In addition, CA treatment attenuated the increase in NLRP3, caspase 1, and interleukin 1β density in the diabetic state; moreover, it increased the density of interleukin-10 in the diabetic/CA 10 mg/kg group. The results indicated that CA treatment positively modified the activities of cholinergic and purinergic enzymes and the density of receptors, and improved the inflammatory parameters of diabetic animals. Thus, the outcomes suggest that this phenolic acid could improve the cognitive deficit linked to cholinergic and purinergic signaling in the diabetic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Fanny Vera Castro
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Naiara Stefanello
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Paula Reichert
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Taís Vidal Palma
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aniélen Dutra da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Valéria Miron
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bastianello Mostardeiro
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Melchiors Morsch
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao WY, Yan JJ, Zhang M, Wang C, Feng L, Lv X, Huo XK, Sun CP, Chen LX, Ma XC. Natural soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors from Inula britanica and their potential interactions with soluble epoxide hydrolase: Insight from inhibition kinetics and molecular dynamics. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109571. [PMID: 34217688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a potential drug target to treat inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we found that the extract of Inula britanica exhibited significantly inhibitory effects against sEH, therefore, we investigated its phytochemical constituents to obtain seven new compounds together with sixteen known ones (1-20), including two pairs of novel enantiomers, (2S,3S)-britanicafanin A (1a), (2R,3R)-britanicafanin A (1b), (2R,3S)-britanicafanin B (2a), and (2S,3R)-britanicafanin B (2b), and three new lignans britanicafanins C-E (3-5). Their structures were determined by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra as well as quantum chemical computations. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against sEH, compounds 1-3, 5-7, 9, 10, 13, 14, and 17-20 showed significant inhibitory effects against sEH with IC50 values from 3.56 μM to 26.93 μM. The inhibition kinetics results indicated that compounds 9, 10, 13, and 19 were all uncompetitive inhibitors, and their inhibition constants (Ki) values were 7.11, 1.99, 4.06, and 8.78 μM, respectively. Their potential interactions were analyzed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD), which suggested that amino acid residues Asp335 and Asn359, especially Gln384, played an important role in the inhibition of compounds 10 and 13 on sEH, and compounds 10 and 13 could be considered as the potential candidates for the development of sEH inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Zhao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Juan-Juan Yan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xia Lv
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aabed K, Mohammed AE. Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles in Combination With Antibiotics Against Some Pathogenic Microbes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:652362. [PMID: 33959599 PMCID: PMC8093520 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.652362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest advances in green nanoparticle synthesis have preserved natural and non-renewable resources and decreased environmental pollution. The current study was designed to evaluate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated using aqueous extracts of two medicinal plants, Anastatica hierochuntica L. (Kaff Maryam) and Artemisia absinthium. The phytochemicals were detected by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The effects of the AgNPs on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans as well as the cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells were examined. The synergistic and antagonistic effects of the biogenic AgNPs in combination with standard antibiotics against several microbes were also investigated. The ability of the plant extracts to transfer silver ions to AgNPs was measured via dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurement, and transmission electron microscopy. The most sensitive microbes to AgNP treatment were examined via scanning electron microscopy to assess morphological changes. Biogenic AgNPs showed significant antibacterial effects against most of the tested microbes and significant cytotoxicity was noted. Polysaccharides, proteins and Phenolic compounds are likely involved in AgNP biosynthesis since hydroxyl groups and amides were detected via FTIR as well as GC-MS. This study confirmed that plant-based AgNP fabrication with AgNO3 as the Ag (I) delivering salt can be an economical and practical approach for large-scale production of particles with antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential. The synergistic effects of biogenic AgNPs in combination with some antibiotics support their potential as a safe therapeutic for bacterial infections because they are capped with organic biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kawther Aabed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah E Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Girelli CR, Serio F, Accogli R, Angilè F, De Donno A, Fanizzi FP. First Insight into Nutraceutical Properties of Local Salento Cichorium intybus Varieties: NMR-Based Metabolomic Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4057. [PMID: 33921445 PMCID: PMC8069254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants of genus Cichorium are known for their therapeutic and nutraceutical properties determined by a wealth of phytochemical substances contained in the whole plant. The aim of this paper was to characterize the metabolic profiles of local Salento chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) varieties ("Bianca", "Galatina", "Leccese", and "Otranto") in order to describe their metabolites composition together with possible bioactivity and health beneficial properties. METHODS The investigation was performed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis (MVA), by which the metabolic profiles of the samples were easily obtained and compared. RESULTS The supervised Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) analysis showed as "Bianca" and "Galatina" samples grouped together separated by "Leccese" and "Otranto" varieties. A different content of free amino acids and organic acids was observed among the varieties. In particular a high content of cichoric and monocaffeoyl tartaric acid was observed for the "Leccese" variety. The presence of secondary metabolites adds significant interest in the investigation of Cichorium inthybus, as this vegetable may benefit human health when incorporated into the diet. CONCLUSIONS The 1H-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) based characterization of Salento chicory varieties allowed us to determine the potential usefulness and nutraceutical properties of the product, also providing a method to guarantee its authenticity on a molecular scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.R.G.); (F.S.); (R.A.); (F.A.); (A.D.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Castro MFV, Stefanello N, Assmann CE, Baldissarelli J, Bagatini MD, da Silva AD, da Costa P, Borba L, da Cruz IBM, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC. Modulatory effects of caffeic acid on purinergic and cholinergic systems and oxi-inflammatory parameters of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Life Sci 2021; 277:119421. [PMID: 33785337 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by a chronic hyperglycemia state, increased oxidative stress parameters, and inflammatory processes. AIMS To evaluate the effect of caffeic acid (CA) on ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzymatic activity and expression of the A2A receptor of the purinergic system, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymatic activity and expression of the α7nAChR receptor of the cholinergic system as well as inflammatory and oxidative parameters in diabetic rats. METHODS Diabetes was induced by a single dose intraperitoneally of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg). Animals were divided into six groups (n = 10): control/oil; control/CA 10 mg/kg; control/CA 50 mg/kg; diabetic/oil; diabetic/CA 10 mg/kg; and diabetic/CA 50 mg/kg treated for thirty days by gavage. RESULTS CA treatment reduced ATP and ADP hydrolysis (lymphocytes) and ATP levels (serum), and reversed the increase in ADA and AChE (lymphocytes), BuChE (serum), and myeloperoxidase (MPO, plasma) activities in diabetic rats. CA treatment did not attenuate the increase in IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression (lymphocytes) in the diabetic state; however, it increased IL-10 and A2A gene expression, regardless of the animals' condition (healthy or diabetic), and α7nAChR gene expression. Additionally, CA attenuated the increase in oxidative stress markers and reversed the decrease in antioxidant parameters of diabetic animals. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings indicated that CA treatment positively modulated purinergic and cholinergic enzyme activities and receptor expression, and improved oxi-inflammatory parameters, thus suggesting that this phenolic acid could improve redox homeostasis dysregulation and purinergic and cholinergic signaling in the diabetic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Fanny Vera Castro
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Camobi District, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Naiara Stefanello
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Camobi District, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Camobi District, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jucimara Baldissarelli
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Camobi District, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Camobi District, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aniélen Dutra da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Camobi District, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Pauline da Costa
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Camobi District, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Loren Borba
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Camobi District, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Camobi District, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Camobi District, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Camobi District, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peng Y, Sun Q, Park Y. The Bioactive Effects of Chicoric Acid As a Functional Food Ingredient. J Med Food 2019; 22:645-652. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Peng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Righi G, Pelagalli R, Isoni V, Tirotta I, Dallocchio R, Dessì A, Macchi B, Frezza C, Rossetti I, Bovicelli P. Synthesis, molecular modeling and biological evaluation of two new chicoric acid analogs. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:397-403. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1169413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Righi
- CNR-IBPM Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” Universy of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Pelagalli
- Department of Chemistry and IMC-CNR, “Sapienza” Universy of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Valerio Isoni
- Department of Chemistry and IMC-CNR, “Sapienza” Universy of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tirotta
- Department of Chemistry and IMC-CNR, “Sapienza” Universy of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - Beatrice Macchi
- Department of System Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Frezza
- Department of System Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rossetti
- Department of Chemistry and IMC-CNR, “Sapienza” Universy of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Bovicelli
- CNR-IBPM Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” Universy of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ali M, Abbasi BH, Ahmad N, Ali SS, Ali S, Ali GS. Sucrose-enhanced biosynthesis of medicinally important antioxidant secondary metabolites in cell suspension cultures of Artemisia absinthium L. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1945-1954. [PMID: 27515537 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are gaining tremendous importance in pharmaceutical industry and attention has been focused on the applications of in vitro technologies to enhance yield and productivity of such products. In this study, we investigated the accumulation of biomass and antioxidant secondary metabolites in response to different carbohydrate sources (sucrose, maltose, fructose and glucose) and sucrose concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 %). Moreover, the effects of 3 % repeated sucrose feeding (day-12, -18 and -24) were also investigated. The results showed the superiority of disaccharides over monosaccharides for maximum biomass and secondary metabolites accumulation. Comparable profiles for maximum biomass were observed in response to sucrose and maltose and initial sucrose concentrations of 3 and 5 %. Maximum total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were displayed by cultures treated with sucrose and maltose; however, initial sucrose concentrations of 5 and 7 % were optimum for both classes of metabolites, respectively. Following 3 % extra sucrose feeding, cultures fed on day-24 (late-log phase) showed higher biomass, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents as compared to control cultures. Highest antioxidant activity was exhibited by maltose-treated cultures. Moreover, sucrose-treated cultures displayed positive correlation of antioxidant activity with total phenolics and total flavonoids production. This work describes the stimulatory role of disaccharides and sucrose feeding strategy for higher accumulation of phenolics and flavonoids, which could be potentially scaled up to bioreactor level for the bulk production of these metabolites in suspension cultures of A. absinthium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.,Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shujait Ali
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ali
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan
| | - Gul Shad Ali
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 Binion Rd, Apopka, FL, 32703, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Feng C, Sun JW, Yan PF, Li YX, Liu TQ, Sun QY, Li GM. Color-tunable and white-light emission of one-dimensional l-di-2-thenoyltartaric acid mixed-lanthanide coordination polymers. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:4640-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03457k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
l-Di-2-thenoyltartaric acid mix-lanthanide coordination polymers with one-dimensional ladder-like chain structures present color-tunable and white-light emission upon varying the excitation wavelength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- P. R. China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- P. R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- P. R. China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- P. R. China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- P. R. China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- P. R. China
| | - Tian-Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- P. R. China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- P. R. China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE)
- P. R. China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sánchez A, Martínez-Mora O, Martínez-Benavidez E, Hernández J, Domínguez Z, Salas-Reyes M. Electrochemical behaviour of new dimeric esters and amides derived from caffeic acid in dimethylsulfoxide. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5981-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00823e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Zeller WE. Synthesis of 1-O-methylchlorogenic acid: reassignment of structure for MCGA3 isolated from bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1860-1865. [PMID: 24460043 DOI: 10.1021/jf4042112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The first synthesis of 1-O-methylchlorogenic acid is described. The short and efficient synthesis of this compound provides laboratory-scale quantities of the material to investigate its biological properties. The synthesis involves C-1 alkylation of the known (-)-4,5-cyclohexylidenequinic acid lactone followed by methoxide opening to the hydroxyl ester. Acylation of the C-5 hydroxyl group followed by sequential removal of protecting groups afforded 1-O-methylchlorogenic acid. The NMR spectroscopic characteristics of this compound do not coincide with those reported for the original isolation from bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) leaves of the compound designated MCGA3. Comparison of the published spectroscopic data reported for MCGA3, with both reported literature values and spectroscopic data obtained from an authentic sample, leads to the conclusion that the compound isolated from bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) leaves is instead methyl chlorogenate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne E Zeller
- US Dairy Forage Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1925 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li M, Shandilya SMD, Carpenter MA, Rathore A, Brown WL, Perkins AL, Harki DA, Solberg J, Hook DJ, Pandey KK, Parniak MA, Johnson JR, Krogan NJ, Somasundaran M, Ali A, Schiffer CA, Harris RS. First-in-class small molecule inhibitors of the single-strand DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3G. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:506-17. [PMID: 22181350 DOI: 10.1021/cb200440y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
APOBEC3G is a single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase that comprises part of the innate immune response to viruses and transposons. Although APOBEC3G is the prototype for understanding the larger mammalian polynucleotide deaminase family, no specific chemical inhibitors exist to modulate its activity. High-throughput screening identified 34 compounds that inhibit APOBEC3G catalytic activity. Twenty of 34 small molecules contained catechol moieties, which are known to be sulfhydryl reactive following oxidation to the orthoquinone. Located proximal to the active site, C321 was identified as the binding site for the inhibitors by a combination of mutational screening, structural analysis, and mass spectrometry. Bulkier substitutions C321-to-L, F, Y, or W mimicked chemical inhibition. A strong specificity for APOBEC3G was evident, as most compounds failed to inhibit the related APOBEC3A enzyme or the unrelated enzymes E. coli uracil DNA glycosylase, HIV-1 RNase H, or HIV-1 integrase. Partial, but not complete, sensitivity could be conferred to APOBEC3A by introducing the entire C321 loop from APOBEC3G. Thus, a structural model is presented in which the mechanism of inhibition is both specific and competitive, by binding a pocket adjacent to the APOBEC3G active site, reacting with C321, and blocking access to substrate DNA cytosines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Michael A. Carpenter
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Anurag Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William L. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Krishan K. Pandey
- Institute for Molecular Virology, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, 1100
South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Michael A. Parniak
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular
Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Johnson
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California−San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Nevan J. Krogan
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California−San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | | | | | | | - Reuben S. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fiamegos YC, Kastritis PL, Exarchou V, Han H, Bonvin AMJJ, Vervoort J, Lewis K, Hamblin MR, Tegos GP. Antimicrobial and efflux pump inhibitory activity of caffeoylquinic acids from Artemisia absinthium against gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18127. [PMID: 21483731 PMCID: PMC3070693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional antibiotics are increasingly suffering from the emergence of multidrug resistance amongst pathogenic bacteria leading to a range of novel approaches to control microbial infections being investigated as potential alternative treatments. One plausible antimicrobial alternative could be the combination of conventional antimicrobial agents/antibiotics with small molecules which block multidrug efflux systems known as efflux pump inhibitors. Bioassay-driven purification and structural determination of compounds from plant sources have yielded a number of pump inhibitors which acted against gram positive bacteria. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study we report the identification and characterization of 4′,5′-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4′,5′-ODCQA) from Artemisia absinthium as a pump inhibitor with a potential of targeting efflux systems in a wide panel of Gram-positive human pathogenic bacteria. Separation and identification of phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, 3′,5′-ODCQA, 4′,5′-ODCQA) was based on hyphenated chromatographic techniques such as liquid chromatography with post column solid-phase extraction coupled with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. Microbial susceptibility testing and potentiation of well know pump substrates revealed at least two active compounds; chlorogenic acid with weak antimicrobial activity and 4′,5′-ODCQA with pump inhibitory activity whereas 3′,5′-ODCQA was ineffective. These intitial findings were further validated with checkerboard, berberine accumulation efflux assays using efflux-related phenotypes and clinical isolates as well as molecular modeling methodology. Conclusions/Significance These techniques facilitated the direct analysis of the active components from plant extracts, as well as dramatically reduced the time needed to analyze the compounds, without the need for prior isolation. The calculated energetics of the docking poses supported the biological information for the inhibitory capabilities of 4′,5′-ODCQA and furthermore contributed evidence that CQAs show a preferential binding to Major Facilitator Super family efflux systems, a key multidrug resistance determinant in gram-positive bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis C. Fiamegos
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis L. Kastritis
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Haley Han
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alexandre M. J. J. Bonvin
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Wageningen NMR Center, Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Lewis
- Department of Biology and Antimicrobial Drug Discovery Center, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - George P. Tegos
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Salzameda NT, Eubanks LM, Zakhari JS, Tsuchikama K, DeNunzio NJ, Allen KN, Hixon MS, Janda KD. A cross-over inhibitor of the botulinum neurotoxin light chain B: a natural product implicating an exosite mechanism of action. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1713-5. [PMID: 21203627 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium botulinum produces the most lethal toxins known to man, as such they are high risk terrorist threats, and alarmingly there is no approved therapeutic. We report the first cross-over small molecule inhibitor of these neurotoxins and propose a mechanism by which it may impart its inhibitory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Salzameda
- Department of Chemistry, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Crosby DC, Lei X, Gibbs CG, McDougall BR, Robinson WE, Reinecke MG. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel hybrid dicaffeoyltartaric/diketo acid and tetrazole-substituted L-chicoric acid analogue inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8161-75. [PMID: 20977258 DOI: 10.1021/jm1010594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen analogues of the anti-HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitor L-chicoric acid (L-CA) were prepared. Their IC(50) values for 3'-end processing and strand transfer against recombinant HIV-1 IN were determined in vitro, and their cell toxicities and EC(50) against HIV-1 were measured in cells (ex vivo). Compounds 1-6 are catechol/β-diketoacid hybrids, the majority of which exhibit submicromolar potency against 3'-end processing and strand transfer, though only with modest antiviral activities. Compounds 7-10 are L-CA/p-fluorobenzylpyrroloyl hybrids, several of which were more potent against strand transfer than 3'-end processing, a phenomenon previously attributed to the β-diketo acid pharmacophore. Compounds 11-14 are tetrazole bioisosteres of L-CA and its analogues, whose in vitro potencies were comparable to L-CA but with enhanced antiviral potency. The trihydroxyphenyl analogue 14 was 30-fold more potent than L-CA at relatively nontoxic concentrations. These data indicate that L-CA analogues are attractive candidates for development into clinically relevant inhibitors of HIV-1 IN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Crosby
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4800, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gupta U, Jain NK. Non-polymeric nano-carriers in HIV/AIDS drug delivery and targeting. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:478-90. [PMID: 19913579 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of an effective drug delivery approach for the treatment of HIV/AIDS is a global challenge. The conventional drug delivery approaches including Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART) have increased the life span of the HIV/AIDS patient. However, the eradication of HIV is still not possible with these approaches due to some limitations. Emergence of polymeric and non-polymeric nanotechnological approaches can be opportunistic in this direction. Polymeric carriers like, dendrimers and nanoparticles have been reported for the targeting of anti HIV drugs. The synthetic pathways as well polymeric framework create some hurdles in their successful formulation development as well as in the possible drug delivery approaches. In the present article, we have discussed the general physiological aspects of the infection along with the relevance of non-polymeric nanocarriers like liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), ethosomes, etc. in the treatment of this disastrous disease.
Collapse
|
17
|
Marchand C, Maddali K, Métifiot M, Pommier Y. HIV-1 IN inhibitors: 2010 update and perspectives. Curr Top Med Chem 2010; 9:1016-37. [PMID: 19747122 DOI: 10.2174/156802609789630910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Integrase (IN) is the newest validated target against AIDS and retroviral infections. The remarkable activity of raltegravir (Isentress((R))) led to its rapid approval by the FDA in 2007 as the first IN inhibitor. Several other IN strand transfer inhibitors (STIs) are in development with the primary goal to overcome resistance due to the rapid occurrence of IN mutations in raltegravir-treated patients. Thus, many scientists and drug companies are actively pursuing clinically useful IN inhibitors. The objective of this review is to provide an update on the IN inhibitors reported in the last two years, including second generation STI, recently developed hydroxylated aromatics, natural products, peptide, antibody and oligonucleotide inhibitors. Additionally, the targeting of IN cofactors such as LEDGF and Vpr will be discussed as novel strategies for the treatment of AIDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Marchand
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Synthesis and antiviral properties of some polyphenols related to Salvia genus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4736-40. [PMID: 18674899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of the acid part of salvianolic acid E 2 is described. Compound 2 was obtained from vanillin in 10 steps and 21% overall yield. During the synthesis of 2 an unexpected 5-oxo-4b,9b-dihydroindano[1,2-b]benzofuran rac-12 was isolated. Both compounds together with the acid part of salvianolic acid D were active as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors at the submicromolar level. But they did not inhibit the replication of the virus on MT-4 cells.
Collapse
|
19
|
Peterson MA, Ke P, Shi H, Jones C, McDougall BR, Robinson WE. Design, synthesis, and antiviral evaluation of some 3'-carboxymethyl-3'-deoxyadenosine derivatives. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2007; 26:499-519. [PMID: 17578746 DOI: 10.1080/15257770701426278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
3'-Carboxymethyl-3'-deoxyadenosine derivatives were prepared from 2'-O-TBDMS-3'-[(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl]-3'-deoxyadenosine (1) via simple and efficient procedures. Conversion of 1 to its 5'-azido-5'-deoxy derivative 5 was accomplished via a novel one-pot method employing 5'-activation (TosCl) followed by efficient nucleophilic displacement with tetramethylguanidinium azide. Compound 5 was converted to 5'-[(N-methylcarbamoyl)amino] derivative 8 via one-pot reduction/acylation employing H(2)/Pd-C followed by treatment with p-nitrophenyl N-methylcarbamate. N(6)-phenylcarbamoyl groups were introduced by treatment with phenylisocyanate, and an efficient new method for lactonization of 2'-O-TBDMS-3'-[(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl]-3'-deoxyadenosines to give corresponding 2',3'-lactones was also developed. Target compounds were evaluated for anti-HIV and anti-HIV integrase activities, but were not active at the concentrations tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matt A Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Robinson WE. Mechanism for complement-mediated, antibody-dependent enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in MT2 cells is enhanced entry through CD4, CD21, and CXCR4 chemokine receptors. Viral Immunol 2006; 19:434-47. [PMID: 16987062 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2006.19.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Some antibodies neutralize Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). However, antibody to HIV and complement can enhance HIV replication if cells express both complement receptors and CD4, a phenomenon described as complement-mediated, antibody-dependent enhancement (C'ADE). Although increased binding of opsonized virions has been reported, the mechanism by which C'ADE enhances HIV replication remains unproven. In this study, real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect HIV cDNA indicates that complement and anti-HIV antibodies enhance HIV entry 8- to 30- fold with similar increases in integrated provirus. Thus, complement increases HIV replication through a mechanism of enhanced entry. To further refine the mechanism of C'ADE, chemokine receptor antagonists were employed. JM2987, a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist, blocked HIV infection and C'ADE; thus CD4, complement receptors, and CXCR4 chemokine receptors are required for enhanced entry of HIV into MT2 cells. Finally, anti-HIV immunoglobulin enhanced replication of not only group M clade B HIV but also group M clade D and group O isolates. These data demonstrate that antibodies mediating C'ADE of HIV infection are broadly reactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Edward Robinson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4800, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Savarino A. A historical sketch of the discovery and development of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006; 15:1507-22. [PMID: 17107277 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.15.12.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The long process of HIV-1 integrase inhibitor discovery and development can be attributed to both the complexity of HIV-1 integration and poor 'integration' of these researches into mainstream investigations on antiretroviral therapy in the mid-1990s. Of note, some fungal extracts investigated during this period contain the beta-hydroxyketo group, later recognised to be a key structural requirement for keto-enol acids (also referred to as diketo acids) and other integrase inhibitors. This review reconstructs (in the general context of the history of AIDS research) the principal steps that led to the integrase inhibitors currently in clinical trials, and discusses possible future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Savarino
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Viale Regina Elena, 299. 00161- Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Charvat TT, Lee DJ, Robinson WE, Chamberlin AR. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of chicoric acid analogs as inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:4552-67. [PMID: 16524737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Revised: 02/09/2006] [Accepted: 02/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of analogs of the potent HIV-1 integrase (HIV IN) inhibitor chicoric acid (CA) was designed with the intention of ameliorating some of the parent natural product's undesirable properties, in particular its toxicity, instability, and poor membrane permeability. More than 70 analogs were synthesized and assayed for three types of activity: (1) the ability to inhibit 3'-end processing and strand transfer reactions using recombinant HIV IN in vitro, (2) toxicity against the CD4+ lymphoblastoid cell line, MT2, and (3) anti-HIV activity against HIV(LAI). CA analogs lacking one of the carboxyl groups of CA and with 3,4,5-trihydroxycinnamoyl sidechains in place of the caffeoyl group of CA exhibited the most potent inhibition of HIV replication and end-processing activity. Galloyl-substituted derivatives also displayed very potent in vitro and in vivo activities, in most cases exceeding the inhibitory effects of CA itself. Conversely, analogous monocarboxy caffeoyl analogs exhibited only modest inhibition, while the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl-substituted compounds were devoid of activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor T Charvat
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee DJ, Robinson WE. Preliminary mapping of a putative inhibitor-binding pocket for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:134-42. [PMID: 16377678 PMCID: PMC1346808 DOI: 10.1128/aac.50.1.134-142.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular modeling studies have identified a putative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase (IN) inhibitor-binding pocket for l-chicoric acid (l-CA) and other inhibitors of IN (C. A. Sotriffer, H. Ni, and A. McCammon, J. Med. Chem. 43:4109-4117, 2000). By using site-directed mutagenesis of several amino acid residues identified by modeling studies, a common inhibitor-binding pocket on IN was confirmed for l-CA and the diketo acid L-731,988. Specifically, the single mutations E92K, Q148A, K156A, K156R, G140S, and G149S, as well as the double mutations C65S-K156N and H67D-G140A were evaluated for their effects on enzymatic activity and inhibitor susceptibility. Each recombinant IN was attenuated for 3'-end processing and strand transfer activities. Most proteins were also attenuated for disintegration; the IN that contained K156R and C65S-K156N, however, displayed disintegration activity similar to that of IN from HIV(NL4-3). All mutant IN proteins demonstrated decreased susceptibility to l-CA, while all mutant proteins except E92K and K156R demonstrated resistance to L-731,988. These data validate the computer modeling data and demonstrate that l-CA and L-731,988 share an overlapping inhibitor-binding pocket that involves amino acids Q148, C65, and H67. The resistance studies confirm that L-731,988 fills one-half of the inhibitor-binding pocket and binds to Q148 but excludes E92, while l-CA fills the entire binding groove and thus interacts with E92. These results provide "wet laboratory" evidence that molecular models of the HIV IN inhibitor-binding pocket can be used for drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, D440 Medical Sciences I, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4800, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Synoradzki L, Ruśkowski P, Bernaś U. TARTARIC ACID AND ITSO-ACYL DERIVATIVES. PART 1. SYNTHESIS OF TARTARIC ACID ANDO-ACYL TARTARIC ACIDS AND ANHYDRIDES. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940509355401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
25
|
Tanabe H, Ouellette AJ, Cocco MJ, Robinson WE. Differential effects on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by alpha-defensins with comparable bactericidal activities. J Virol 2004; 78:11622-31. [PMID: 15479803 PMCID: PMC523300 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.21.11622-11631.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their antibacterial activities, certain antimicrobial peptides inactivate enveloped viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To determine whether peptide bactericidal activities are predictive of antiviral activity, the anti-HIV properties of recombinant human alpha-defensin 5, mouse alpha-defensins, cryptdins (Crp) 3 and 4, and rhesus macaque myeloid alpha-defensins (RMADs) 3 and 4 were determined in vitro. The peptides, purified to homogeneity, had equivalent bactericidal activities that were similar to those of the native molecules. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed RMAD-4 and Crp3 had characteristic alpha-defensin tridisulfide arrays. Of the peptides analyzed, only RMAD-4 inhibited HIV infectivity at 150 microg/ml, and Crp3 unexpectedly increased HIV replication. Quantitative real-time PCRs for minus-strand strong stop DNA and complete viral cDNA synthesis were used to distinguish between preentry and postentry anti-HIV effects by RMAD-4. Viral exposure to RMAD-4 for 1 h prior to infection reduced HIV minus-strand strong stop DNA and HIV cDNA by 4- to 20-fold during the first round of replication, showing that RMAD-4-exposed virions were not entering cells during the first 24 h. On the other hand, when RMAD-4 was added coincident with HIV inoculation, no anti-HIV activity was detected. Viral exposure to Crp3 resulted in a threefold increase in both HIV minus-strand strong stop DNA and HIV cDNA over the first round of replication. Therefore, two alpha-defensins, RMAD-4 and Crp3, inhibit or augment HIV replication, respectively, by mechanisms that precede reverse transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanabe
- Department of Pathology, D440 Med Sci I, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4800, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Reinke RA, Lee DJ, McDougall BR, King PJ, Victoria J, Mao Y, Lei X, Reinecke MG, Robinson WE. L-chicoric acid inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integration in vivo and is a noncompetitive but reversible inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase in vitro. Virology 2004; 326:203-19. [PMID: 15302207 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2004] [Revised: 02/17/2004] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase (IN) must covalently join the viral cDNA into a host chromosome for productive HIV infection. l-Chicoric acid (l-CA) enters cells poorly but is a potent inhibitor of IN in vitro. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), l-CA inhibits integration at concentrations from 500 nM to 10 microM but also inhibits entry at concentrations above 1 microM. Using recombinant HIV IN, steady-state kinetic analyses with l-CA were consistent with a noncompetitive or irreversible mechanism of inhibition. IN, in the presence or absence of l-CA, was successively washed. Inhibition of IN diminished, demonstrating that l-CA was reversibly bound to the protein. These data demonstrate that l-CA is a noncompetitive but reversible inhibitor of IN in vitro and of HIV integration in vivo. Thus, l-CA likely interacts with amino acids other than those which bind substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Reinke
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine 92697-4800, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee DJ, Robinson WE. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase: resistance to diketo acid integrase inhibitors impairs HIV-1 replication and integration and confers cross-resistance to L-chicoric acid. J Virol 2004; 78:5835-47. [PMID: 15140981 PMCID: PMC415810 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.11.5835-5847.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The diketo acids are potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase (IN). Mutations in IN, T66I, S153Y, and M154I, as well as T66I-S153Y and T66I-M154I double mutations, confer resistance to diketo acids (D. J. Hazuda et al., Science 287:646-650, 2000). The effects of these IN mutations on viral replication, enzymatic activity, and susceptibility to other HIV inhibitors are reported herein. By immunofluorescence assay and real-time PCR, all mutant viruses demonstrated a modest delay in viral spread compared to that of reference HIV. These viruses also showed a statistically significant defect in integration without defects in reverse transcription. Recombinant IN containing S153Y, T66I, and M154I-T66I mutations had an approximately twofold decrease in both disintegration and 3'-end-processing-strand transfer activities in vitro. In contrast, IN containing M154I demonstrated a greater than twofold increase in specific activity in both reactions. All mutant HIVs were resistant to l-chicoric acid, a dicaffeoyltartaric acid IN inhibitor, both in tissue culture and in biochemical assays, yet remained susceptible to the reverse transcriptase inhibitors zidovudine and nevirapine. Thus, IN mutations conferring resistance to the diketo acids can yield integration defects, attenuated catalysis in vitro, and cross-resistance to l-chicoric acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Lee
- Department of Pathology, D440 Med. Sci. I, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4800, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Svarovskaia ES, Barr R, Zhang X, Pais GCG, Marchand C, Pommier Y, Burke TR, Pathak VK. Azido-containing diketo acid derivatives inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase in vivo and influence the frequency of deletions at two-long-terminal-repeat-circle junctions. J Virol 2004; 78:3210-22. [PMID: 15016842 PMCID: PMC371038 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.7.3210-3222.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that azido-containing beta-diketo acid derivatives (DKAs) are potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase (IN) (X. Zhang et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 13:1215-1219, 2003). To characterize the intracellular mechanisms of action of DKAs, we analyzed the antiviral activities of two potent azido-containing DKAs with either a monosubstitution or a disubstitution of azido groups, using single- and multiple-replication-cycle assays. Both azido-containing DKAs significantly inhibited HIV-1 infection in 293T, CEM-SS, and H9 cells (50% inhibitory concentration = 2 to 13 micro M) and exhibited low cytotoxicity (50% cytotoxic concentration = 60 to 600 micro M). Inhibition of HIV-1 IN in vivo was demonstrated by the observation that previously described L-708,906 resistance mutations in HIV-1 IN (T66I and T66I/S153Y) also conferred resistance to the azido-group-containing DKAs. In vitro assays and in vivo analysis indicated that the DKAs did not significantly inhibit the 3' processing and selectively inhibited the strand transfer reaction. In addition, quantitative PCR indicated that two-long-terminal-repeat (2-LTR) circles were elevated in the presence of the azido-containing DKAs, confirming that HIV-1 IN was the intracellular target of viral inhibition. To gain insight into the mechanism by which the DKAs increased 2-LTR-circle formation of 3'-processed viral DNAs, we performed extensive DNA sequencing analysis of 2-LTR-circle junctions. The results indicated that the frequency of deletions at the circle junctions was elevated from 19% for the untreated controls to 32 to 41% in the presence of monosubstituted (but not disubstituted) DKAs. These results indicate that the structure of the DKAs can influence the extent of degradation of viral DNA ends by host nucleases and the frequency of deletions at the 2-LTR-circle junctions. Thus, sequencing analysis of 2-LTR-circle junctions can elucidate the intracellular mechanisms of action of HIV-1 IN inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evguenia S Svarovskaia
- HIV Drug Resistance Program. Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mustata GI, Brigo A, Briggs JM. HIV-1 integrase pharmacophore model derived from diverse classes of inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:1447-54. [PMID: 15006380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2003] [Revised: 01/09/2004] [Accepted: 01/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional pharmacophore model has been generated for HIV-1 integrase (HIV-1 IN) from known inhibitors. A dataset consisting of 26 inhibitors was selected on the basis of the information content of the structures and activity data as required by the catalyst/HypoGen program. Our model was able to predict the activity of other known HIV-1 IN inhibitors not included in the model generation, and can be further used to identify structurally diverse compounds with desired biological activity by virtual screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Iurcu Mustata
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
King PJ, Lee DJ, Reinke RA, Victoria JG, Beale K, Robinson WE. Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 integrase containing a glycine to serine mutation at position 140 is attenuated for catalysis and resistant to integrase inhibitors. Virology 2003; 306:147-61. [PMID: 12620807 DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(02)00042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
L-chicoric acid (L-CA) is a potent inhibitor of HIV integrase (IN) in vitro. In this report, the effects of a glycine to serine mutation at position 140 (G140S) on HIV IN and its effects on IN inhibitor resistance are described. HIV containing the G140S mutation showed a delay in replication. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, the delay was secondary to a failure in integration. The mutant protein (IN(G140S)) was attenuated approximately four-fold for catalysis under equilibrium conditions compared to wild-type IN (IN(WT)) and attenuated five-fold in steady-state kinetic analysis of disintegration. Fifty percent inhibitory concentration assays were performed with IN inhibitors against both IN proteins in disintegration and strand transfer reactions. IN(G140S) was resistant to both L-CA and L-731,988, a diketoacid. HIV containing the mutation was resistant to both inhibitors as well. The G140S mutation attenuates IN activity and confers resistance to IN inhibitors, suggesting that diketoacids and L-CA interact with a similar binding site on HIV IN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J King
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Hall
- Department of Cereal and Food Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| |
Collapse
|