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Chaney LE, van Beek A, Downing JR, Zhang J, Zhang H, Hui J, Sorensen EA, Khalaj M, Dunn JB, Chen W, Hersam MC. Bayesian Optimization of Environmentally Sustainable Graphene Inks Produced by Wet Jet Milling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309579. [PMID: 38530067 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) of graphene is a potentially scalable method to produce conductive graphene inks for printed electronic applications. Among LPE methods, wet jet milling (WJM) is an emerging approach that uses high-speed, turbulent flow to exfoliate graphene nanoplatelets from graphite in a continuous flow manner. Unlike prior WJM work based on toxic, high-boiling-point solvents such as n-methyl-2-pyrollidone (NMP), this study uses the environmentally friendly solvent ethanol and the polymer stabilizer ethyl cellulose (EC). Bayesian optimization and iterative batch sampling are employed to guide the exploration of the experimental phase space (namely, concentrations of graphite and EC in ethanol) in order to identify the Pareto frontier that simultaneously optimizes three performance criteria (graphene yield, conversion rate, and film conductivity). This data-driven strategy identifies vastly different optimal WJM conditions compared to literature precedent, including an optimal loading of 15 wt% graphite in ethanol compared to 1 wt% graphite in NMP. These WJM conditions provide superlative graphene production rates of 3.2 g hr-1 with the resulting graphene nanoplatelets being suitable for screen-printed micro-supercapacitors. Finally, life cycle assessment reveals that ethanol-based WJM graphene exfoliation presents distinct environmental sustainability advantages for greenhouse gas emissions, fossil fuel consumption, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Chaney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Anton van Beek
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Julia R Downing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hengrui Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Janan Hui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - E Alexander Sorensen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Maryam Khalaj
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jennifer B Dunn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Medicine, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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2
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Burke DW, Dasari RR, Sangwan VK, Oanta AK, Hirani Z, Pelkowski CE, Tang Y, Li R, Ralph DC, Hersam MC, Barlow S, Marder SR, Dichtel WR. Synthesis, Hole Doping, and Electrical Properties of a Semiconducting Azatriangulene-Based Covalent Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37216443 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) containing heterotriangulenes have been theoretically identified as semiconductors with tunable, Dirac-cone-like band structures, which are expected to afford high charge-carrier mobilities ideal for next-generation flexible electronics. However, few bulk syntheses of these materials have been reported, and existing synthetic methods provide limited control of network purity and morphology. Here, we report transimination reactions between benzophenone-imine-protected azatriangulenes (OTPA) and benzodithiophene dialdehydes (BDT), which afforded a new semiconducting COF network, OTPA-BDT. The COFs were prepared as both polycrystalline powders and thin films with controlled crystallite orientation. The azatriangulene nodes are readily oxidized to stable radical cations upon exposure to an appropriate p-type dopant, tris(4-bromophenyl)ammoniumyl hexachloroantimonate, after which the network's crystallinity and orientation are maintained. Oriented, hole-doped OTPA-BDT COF films exhibit electrical conductivities of up to 1.2 × 10-1 S cm-1, which are among the highest reported for imine-linked 2D COFs to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Burke
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Raghunath R Dasari
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alexander K Oanta
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zoheb Hirani
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chloe E Pelkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yongjian Tang
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ruofan Li
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Daniel C Ralph
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable & Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Seth R Marder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable & Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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3
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Kassem O, Pimpolari L, Dun C, Polyushkin DK, Zarattini M, Dimaggio E, Chen L, Basso G, Parenti F, Urban JJ, Mueller T, Fiori G, Casiraghi C. Water-based 2-dimensional anatase TiO 2 inks for printed diodes and transistors. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5689-5695. [PMID: 36880645 PMCID: PMC10035403 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05786g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
2-Dimensional (2D) materials are attracting strong interest in printed electronics because of their unique properties and easy processability, enabling the fabrication of devices with low cost and mass scalable methods such as inkjet printing. For the fabrication of fully printed devices, it is of fundamental importance to develop a printable dielectric ink, providing good insulation and the ability to withstand large electric fields. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is typically used as a dielectric in printed devices. However, the h-BN film thickness is usually above 1 μm, hence limiting the use of h-BN in low-voltage applications. Furthermore, the h-BN ink is composed of nanosheets with broad lateral size and thickness distributions, due to the use of liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE). In this work, we investigate anatase TiO2 nanosheets (TiO2-NS), produced by a mass scalable bottom-up approach. We formulate the TiO2-NS into a water-based and printable solvent and demonstrate the use of the material with sub-micron thickness in printed diodes and transistors, hence validating the strong potential of TiO2-NS as a dielectric for printed electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Kassem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK.
| | - Lorenzo Pimpolari
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - Chaochao Dun
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Dmitry K Polyushkin
- Institute of Photonics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | - Marco Zarattini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK.
| | - Elisabetta Dimaggio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK.
| | - Giovanni Basso
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - Federico Parenti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - Jeffrey J Urban
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Institute of Photonics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | - Gianluca Fiori
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK.
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4
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Gamba L, Johnson ZT, Atterberg J, Diaz-Arauzo S, Downing JR, Claussen JC, Hersam MC, Secor EB. Systematic Design of a Graphene Ink Formulation for Aerosol Jet Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3325-3335. [PMID: 36608034 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol jet printing is a noncontact, digital, additive manufacturing technique compatible with a wide variety of functional materials. Although promising, development of new materials and devices using this technique remains hindered by limited rational ink formulation, with most recent studies focused on device demonstration rather than foundational process science. In the present work, a systematic approach to formulating a polymer-stabilized graphene ink is reported, which considers the effect of solvent composition on dispersion, rheology, wetting, drying, and phase separation characteristics that drive process outcomes. It was found that a four-component solvent mixture composed of isobutyl acetate, diglyme, dihydrolevoglucosenone, and glycerol supported efficient ink atomization and controlled in-line drying to reduce overspray and wetting instabilities while maintaining high resolution and electrical conductivity, thus overcoming a trade-off in deposition rate and resolution common to aerosol jet printing. Biochemical sensors were printed for amperometric detection of the pesticide parathion, exhibiting a detection limit of 732 nM and a sensitivity of 34 nA μM-1, demonstrating the viability of this graphene ink for fabricating functional electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Gamba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Zachary T Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Jackie Atterberg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Santiago Diaz-Arauzo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julia R Downing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jonathan C Claussen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ethan B Secor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
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5
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Giasafaki D, Mitzithra C, Belessi V, Filippakopoulou T, Koutsioukis A, Georgakilas V, Charalambopoulou G, Steriotis T. Graphene-Based Composites with Silver Nanowires for Electronic Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12193443. [PMID: 36234570 PMCID: PMC9565487 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Graphene/metal nanocomposites have shown a strong potential for use in electronic applications. In particular, the combination of silver nanowires (AgNWs) with graphene derivatives leads to the formation of an efficient conductive network, thus improving the electrical properties of a composite. This work focused on developing highly conductive hydrophilic hybrids of simultaneously functionalized and reduced graphene oxide (f-rGO) and AgNWs in different weight ratios by following two different synthetic routes: (a) the physical mixture of f-rGO and AgNWs, and (b) the in situ reduction of GO in the presence of AgNWs. In addition, the role of AgNWs in improving the electrical properties of graphene derivatives was further examined by mixing AgNWs with a hybrid of few-layered graphene with functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (FLG/MWNT-f-OH). The studied materials showed a remarkable improvement in the overall electrical conductivity due to the synergistic effect of their components, which was proportional to the percentage of Ag and dependent on the procedure of the hybrid formation. One of the f-rGO/AgNWs composites was also selected for the preparation of gravure printing inks that were tested to determine their rheological and printing properties. All of the f-rGO/AgNWs composites were shown to be very promising materials for use as conductive inks for flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Giasafaki
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Christina Mitzithra
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Belessi
- Department of Graphic Design and Visual Communication, Graphic Arts Technology Study Direction, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
- Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Materials, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Egaleo, Greece
| | - Theodora Filippakopoulou
- Department of Graphic Design and Visual Communication, Graphic Arts Technology Study Direction, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Theodore Steriotis
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
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6
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Saita S, Takeda SI, Kawasaki H. Hansen Solubility Parameter Analysis on Dispersion of Oleylamine-Capped Silver Nanoinks and their Sintered Film Morphology. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122004. [PMID: 35745345 PMCID: PMC9230637 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Optimizing stabilizers and solvents is crucial for obtaining highly dispersed nanoparticle inks. Generally, nonpolar (hydrophobic) ligand-stabilized nanoparticles show superior dispersibility in nonpolar solvents, whereas polar ligand (hydrophilic)-stabilized nanoparticles exhibit high dispersibility in polar solvents. However, these properties are too qualitative to select optimum stabilizers and solvents for stable nanoparticle inks, and researchers often rely on their experiences. This study presents a Hansen solubility parameter (HSP)-based analysis of the dispersibility of oleylamine-capped silver nanoparticle (OAm-Ag NP) inks for optimizing ink preparation. We determined the HSP sphere of the OAm-Ag NPs, defined as the center coordinate, and the interaction radius in 3D HSP space. The solvent’s HSP inside the HSP sphere causes high dispersibility of the OAm-Ag NPs in the solvent. In contrast, the HSPs outside the sphere resulted in low dispersibility in the solvent. Thus, we can quantitatively predict the dispersibility of the OAm-Ag NPs in a given solvent using the HSP approach. Moreover, the HSP sphere method can establish a correlation between the dispersibility of the particles in inks and the sintered film morphology, facilitating electronic application of the nanoparticle inks. The HSP method is also helpful for optimizing stabilizers and solvents for stable nanoparticle inks in printed electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Saita
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan;
| | - Shin-ichi Takeda
- Takeda Colloid Techno-Consulting Co., Ltd., Osaka 564-0051, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.-i.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan;
- Correspondence: (S.-i.T.); (H.K.)
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7
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Highly Elastic Melamine Graphene/MWNT Hybrid Sponge for Sensor Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113530. [PMID: 35684470 PMCID: PMC9182109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly increased interest in multifunctional nanoelectronic devices, such as wearable monitors, smart robots, and electronic skin, motivated many researchers toward the development of several kinds of sensors in recent years. Flexibility, stability, sensitivity, and low cost are the most important demands for exploiting stretchable or compressible strain sensors. This article describes the formation and characteristics of a flexible, low-cost strain sensor by combining a commercial melamine sponge and a graphene/carbon nanotubes hybrid. The composite that emerged by doping the highly elastic melamine sponge with a highly conductive graphene/carbon nanotubes hybrid showed excellent piezoresistive behavior, with low resistivity of 22 kΩ m. Its function as a piezoresistive material exhibited a high sensitivity of 0.050 kPa−1 that combined with a wide detection area ranging between 0 to 50 kPa.
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8
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Li Y, Lu F, Li QZ, Zhou YH, Qian J, Cao S, Wang CY. An ink-jet printed dual-CD ratiometric fluorescent paper-based sensor for the visual detection of Cu 2. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33036-33047. [PMID: 35493600 PMCID: PMC9042223 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05592e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper ion (Cu2+) plays an important role in the human body because it is beneficial for metabolism. However, an excessive or slight amount of Cu2+ can cause various symptoms. Therefore, it is necessary for human health to realize the trace and visual detection of Cu2+. Referring to traditional fluorescence test papers, the qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of Cu2+ could be realized by a dual-carbon dots (CDs) ratiometric fluorescent paper-based sensor with the advantages of environmental protection, portability and low cost. In this paper, the inkjet-printed test paper with the best mixing ratio of the two CDs has been researched to maximize the spectral energy transfer of ion detection (maximum color gamut expansion). Among them, the preparation method of b-CDs has been improved, increasing the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) to 88.9%. The sensitivity detection limit of the double emission ratio sensor was 0.15 nM in solution, and the human eye can distinguish at least 3 μmol L−1 Cu2+ in the paper-based sensor. Compared with the traditional single-emission sensor, the human eye was more sensitive to the color change of the emission ratio sensor. The results indicate that we not only realized the micro detection of Cu2+ with convenient methods, but also provided a promising strategy for the visual detection of Cu2+. A fluorescent test paper sensor for qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of Cu2+ is designed based on high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) carbon dots (CDs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 Hubei China +86 13317169910 +86 18971135061
| | - Fei Lu
- School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 Hubei China +86 13317169910 +86 18971135061
| | - Qing-Zhi Li
- School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 Hubei China +86 13317169910 +86 18971135061
| | - Yi-Hua Zhou
- School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 Hubei China +86 13317169910 +86 18971135061
| | - Jun Qian
- School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 Hubei China +86 13317169910 +86 18971135061
| | - Sheng Cao
- Wuhan Donghu University Wuhan 430079 Hubei China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 Hubei China +86 13317169910 +86 18971135061
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9
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Shi Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Bao J, Cheng J, Yi C. Microwave-assisted synthesis of colorimetric and fluorometric dual-functional hybrid carbon nanodots for Fe3+ detection and bioimaging. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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10
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Evaluation of Inkjet-Printed Reduced and Functionalized Water-Dispersible Graphene Oxide and Graphene on Polymer Substrate-Application to Printed Temperature Sensors. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082025. [PMID: 34443855 PMCID: PMC8399739 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports on the detailed electro-thermal evaluation of a highly water dispersible, functionalized reduced graphene oxide (f-rGO) using inkjet printing technology. Aiming in the development of printed electronic devices, a flexible polyimide substrate was used for the structures' formation. A direct comparison between the f-rGO ink dispersion and a commercial graphene inkjet ink is also presented. Extensive droplet formation analysis was performed in order to evaluate the repeatable and reliable jetting from an inkjet printer under study. Electrical characterization was conducted and the electrical characteristics were assessed under different temperatures, showing that the water dispersion of the f-rGO is an excellent candidate for application in printed thermal sensors and microheaters. It was observed that the proposed f-rGO ink presents a tenfold increased temperature coefficient of resistance compared to the commercial graphene ink (G). A successful direct interconnection implementation of both materials with commercial Ag-nanoparticle ink lines was also demonstrated, thus allowing the efficient electrical interfacing of the printed structures. The investigated ink can be complementary utilized for developing fully printed devices with various characteristics, all on flexible substrates with cost-effective, few-step processes.
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11
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Waterborne Graphene- and Nanocellulose-Based Inks for Functional Conductive Films and 3D Structures. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061435. [PMID: 34072356 PMCID: PMC8227753 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the vast field of conductive inks, graphene-based nanomaterials, including chemical derivatives such as graphene oxide as well as carbon nanotubes, offer important advantages as per their excellent physical properties. However, inks filled with carbon nanostructures are usually based on toxic and contaminating organic solvents or surfactants, posing serious health and environmental risks. Water is the most desirable medium for any envisioned application, thus, in this context, nanocellulose, an emerging nanomaterial, enables the dispersion of carbon nanomaterials in aqueous media within a sustainable and environmentally friendly scenario. In this work, we present the development of water-based inks made of a ternary system (graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes and nanocellulose) employing an autoclave method. Upon controlling the experimental variables, low-viscosity inks, high-viscosity pastes or self-standing hydrogels can be obtained in a tailored way. The resulting inks and pastes are further processed by spray- or rod-coating technologies into conductive films, and the hydrogels can be turned into aerogels by freeze-drying. The film properties, with respect to electrical surface resistance, surface morphology and robustness, present favorable opportunities as metal-free conductive layers in liquid-phase processed electronic device structures.
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12
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Moheimani R, Aliahmad N, Aliheidari N, Agarwal M, Dalir H. Thermoplastic polyurethane flexible capacitive proximity sensor reinforced by CNTs for applications in the creative industries. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1104. [PMID: 33441755 PMCID: PMC7806639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Wearable sensing platforms have been rapidly advanced over recent years, thanks to numerous achievements in a variety of sensor fabrication techniques. However, the development of a flexible proximity sensor that can perform in a large range of object mobility remains a challenge. Here, a polymer-based sensor that utilizes a nanostructure composite as the sensing element has been presented for forthcoming usage in healthcare and automotive applications. Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)/Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) composites are capable of detecting presence of an external object in a wide range of distance. The proximity sensor exhibits an unprecedented detection distance of 120 mm with a resolution of 0.3%/mm. The architecture and manufacturing procedures of TPU/CNTs sensor are straightforward and performance of the proximity sensor shows robustness to reproducibility as well as excellent electrical and mechanical flexibility under different bending radii and over hundreds of bending cycles with variation of 4.7% and 4.2%, respectively. Tunneling and fringing effects are addressed as the sensing mechanism to explain significant capacitance changes. Percolation threshold analysis of different TPU/CNT contents indicated that nanocomposites having 2 wt% carbon nanotubes are exhibiting excellent sensing capabilities to achieve maximum detection accuracy and least noise among others. Fringing capacitance effect of the structure has been systematically analyzed by ANSYS Maxwell (Ansoft) simulation, as the experiments precisely supports the sensitivity trend in simulation. Our results introduce a new mainstream platform to realize an ultrasensitive perception of objects, presenting a promising prototype for application in wearable proximity sensors for motion analysis and artificial electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Moheimani
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute (INDI), Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Nojan Aliahmad
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute (INDI), Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Nahal Aliheidari
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute (INDI), Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mangilal Agarwal
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute (INDI), Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Hamid Dalir
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute (INDI), Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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13
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Chakraborty PK, Azadmanjiri J, Pavithra CLP, Wang X, Masood SH, Dey SR, Wang J. Advancements in Therapeutics via 3D Printed Multifunctional Architectures from Dispersed 2D Nanomaterial Inks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004900. [PMID: 33185035 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
2D nanomaterials (2DNMs) possess fascinating properties and are found in multifarious devices and applications including energy storage devices, new generation of battery technologies, sensor devices, and more recently in biomedical applications. Their use in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, photothermal therapy, neural regeneration, and drug delivery has opened new horizons in treatment of age-old ailments. It is also a rapidly developing area of advanced research. A new approach of integrating 3D printing (3DP), a layer-by-layer deposition technique for building structures, along with 2DNM multifunctional inks, has gained considerable attention in recent times, especially in biomedical applications. With the ever-growing demand in healthcare industry for novel, efficient, and rapid technologies for therapeutic treatment methods, 3DP structures of 2DNMs provide vast scope for evolution of a new generation of biomedical devices. Recent advances in 3DP structures of dispersed 2DNM inks with established high-performance biomedical properties are focused on. The advantages of their 3D structures, the sustainable formulation methods of such inks, and their feasible printing methods are also covered. Subsequently, it deals with the therapeutic applications of some already researched 3DP structures of 2DNMs and concludes with highlighting the challenges as well as the future directions of research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam K Chakraborty
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Kandi, Telangana, 502285, India
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria, Hawthorn, 3122, Australia
| | - Jalal Azadmanjiri
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Chokkakula L P Pavithra
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Kandi, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Centre for 3D Printing Materials and Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Syed H Masood
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria, Hawthorn, 3122, Australia
| | - Suhash Ranjan Dey
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Kandi, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - James Wang
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria, Hawthorn, 3122, Australia
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14
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Gaviria Rojas WA, Hersam MC. Chirality-Enriched Carbon Nanotubes for Next-Generation Computing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905654. [PMID: 32255238 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
For the past half century, silicon has served as the primary material platform for integrated circuit technology. However, the recent proliferation of nontraditional electronics, such as wearables, embedded systems, and low-power portable devices, has led to increasingly complex mechanical and electrical performance requirements. Among emerging electronic materials, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising candidates for next-generation computing as a result of their superlative electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Moreover, their chirality-dependent properties enable a wide range of emerging electronic applications including sub-10 nm complementary field-effect transistors, optoelectronic integrated circuits, and enantiomer-recognition sensors. Here, recent progress in SWCNT-based computing devices is reviewed, with an emphasis on the relationship between chirality enrichment and electronic functionality. In particular, after highlighting chirality-dependent SWCNT properties and chirality enrichment methods, the range of computing applications that have been demonstrated using chirality-enriched SWCNTs are summarized. By identifying remaining challenges and opportunities, this work provides a roadmap for next-generation SWCNT-based computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Gaviria Rojas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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15
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Prado JI, Lugo L. Enhancing the Thermal Performance of a Stearate Phase Change Material with Graphene Nanoplatelets and MgO Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39108-39117. [PMID: 32805850 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of dispersed nanomaterials to improve the thermal performance of phase change materials (PCMs) is well-proven in the literature. The proposal of new engineered nanoenhanced phase change materials (NePCMs) with customized characteristics may lead to more efficient thermal energy storage (TES) systems. This work is focused on the development of new NePCMs based on the dispersions of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) or MgO nanoparticles in a stearate PCM. The new proposed materials were synthesized using a two-step method, and acetic acid was selected as a surfactant to improve the stability of the dispersions. An extensive characterization of the constitutive materials and the developed dispersions using different spectroscopy techniques is reported. Also, the GnP nanopowder was explored by using the XPS technique with the aim to characterize the used carbon nanomaterial. The obtained spectra were investigated in terms of the chemical bonds related to the observed peaks. The thermophysical profile (density, thermal conductivity, isobaric heat capacity, and thermal diffusivity) was experimentally determined once the main components of the NePCMs were characterized and dispersions were designed and developed. This discussion focuses on the differentiated and distinguished effects of the dispersed GnPs and MgO on the properties of the NePCMs. A comprehensive analysis of the measurements to elucidate the mechanism that promoted higher improvements using GnPs instead of MgO was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose I Prado
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo E-36310, Spain
| | - Luis Lugo
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo E-36310, Spain
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16
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Wang J, Tan H, Xiao D, Navik R, Goto M, Zhao Y. Preparation of waterborne graphene paste with high electrical conductivity. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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17
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de Moraes ACM, Obrzut J, Sangwan VK, Downing JR, Chaney LE, Patel D, Elmquist RE, Hersam MC. Elucidating Charge Transport Mechanisms in Cellulose-Stabilized Graphene Inks. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2020; 8:10.1039/D0TC03309J. [PMID: 34131488 PMCID: PMC8201474 DOI: 10.1039/d0tc03309j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed graphene inks that use ethyl cellulose as a polymer stabilizer are blade-coated into large-area thin films. Following blade-coating, the graphene thin films are cured to pyrolyze the cellulosic polymer, leaving behind an sp2-rich amorphous carbon residue that serves as a binder in addition to facilitating charge transport between graphene flakes. Systematic charge transport measurements, including temperature-dependent Hall effect and non-contact microwave resonant cavity characterization, reveal that the resulting electrically percolating graphene thin films possess high mobility (≈ 160 cm2 V-1 s-1), low energy gap, and thermally activated charge transport, which develop weak localization behavior at cryogenic temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C M de Moraes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jan Obrzut
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Julia R Downing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Lindsay E Chaney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Dinesh Patel
- Quantum Measurements Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Randolph E Elmquist
- Quantum Measurements Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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18
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Bell TM, Williamson DM, Walley SM, Morgan CG, Kelly CL, Batchelor L. An Assessment of Printing Methods for Producing Two‐Dimensional Lead‐Free Functional Pyrotechnic Delay‐Lines for Mining Applications. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli M. Bell
- PCS Fracture and Shock Physics Group, Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of Cambridge J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - David M. Williamson
- PCS Fracture and Shock Physics Group, Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of Cambridge J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Stephen M. Walley
- PCS Fracture and Shock Physics Group, Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of Cambridge J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
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19
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Zhao B, Wang Y, Sinha S, Chen C, Liu D, Dasgupta A, Hu L, Das S. Shape-driven arrest of coffee stain effect drives the fabrication of carbon-nanotube-graphene-oxide inks for printing embedded structures and temperature sensors. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:23402-23415. [PMID: 31793973 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08450a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) based binder-free, syringe-printable inks, with graphene oxide (GO) being used as the dispersant, have been designed and developed. We discovered that the printability of the ink is directly attributed to the uniform deposition of the GO-CNT agglomerates, as opposed to the 'coffee-staining' despite these aggregates being micron-sized. The ellipsoidal nature of the micron-scale GO-CNT agglomerates/particles enables these particles to severely perturb the air-water interface, triggering a large long-range capillary interaction that causes the uniform deposition by overcoming the "coffee-stain"-forming forces from the evaporation-mediated flows. We evaluated the properties of this ink and identified a temperature-dependent resistance with a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) α ranging from ∼-10-3 to -10-2/°C depending on ink compositions. Finally, the printing is conducted on flat and curved surfaces, for developing polymer-ink embedded structures that might serve as precursors to syringe-printable CNT-based nanocomposites, and for fabricating sensor-like patterns that for certain ink compositions demonstrate α∼-10-3/°C with a large averaged resistance drop (per unit temperature) of -3.5 Ω°C-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beihan Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Shayandev Sinha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Chaoji Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Dapeng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Abhijit Dasgupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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20
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Liu S, Reed SN, Higgins MJ, Titus MS, Kramer-Bottiglio R. Oxide rupture-induced conductivity in liquid metal nanoparticles by laser and thermal sintering. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17615-17629. [PMID: 31274138 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03903a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metallic inks with superior conductivity and printability are necessary for high-throughput manufacturing of printed electronics. In particular, gallium-based liquid metal inks have shown great potential in creating soft, flexible and stretchable electronics. Despite their metallic composition, as-printed liquid metal nanoparticle films are non-conductive due to the surrounding metal oxide shells which are primarily Ga2O3, a wide-bandgap semiconductor. Hence, these films require a sintering process to recover their conductivity. For conventional solid metallic nanoparticles, thermal and laser processing are two commonly used sintering methods, and the sintering mechanism is well understood. Nevertheless, laser sintering of liquid metal nanoparticles was only recently demonstrated, and to date, the effect of thermal sintering has rarely been investigated. Here, eutectic gallium-indium nanoparticle films are processed separately by laser or thermal sintering in an ambient environment. Laser and thermally sintered films are compared with respect to electrical conductivity, surface morphology and elemental composition, crystallinity and surface composition. Both methods impart thermal energy to the films and generate thermal stress in the particles, resulting in rupture of the gallium oxide shells and achieving electrical conductivity across the film. For laser sintering, extensive oxide rupture allows liquid metal cores to flow out and coalesce into conductive pathways. For thermal sintering, due to less thermal stress and more oxidation, the oxide shells only rupture locally and extensive phase segregation occurs, leading to non-liquid particle films at room temperature. Electrical conductivity is instead attributed to segregated metal layers and gallium oxide which becomes crystalline and conductive at high temperatures. This comprehensive comparison confirms the necessity of oxidation suppression and significant thermal stress via instantaneous laser irradiation to achieve conductive patterns in liquid form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanliangzi Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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21
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Bolotsky A, Butler D, Dong C, Gerace K, Glavin NR, Muratore C, Robinson JA, Ebrahimi A. Two-Dimensional Materials in Biosensing and Healthcare: From In Vitro Diagnostics to Optogenetics and Beyond. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9781-9810. [PMID: 31430131 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the isolation of graphene in 2004, there has been an exponentially growing number of reports on layered two-dimensional (2D) materials for applications ranging from protective coatings to biochemical sensing. Due to the exceptional, and often tunable, electrical, optical, electrochemical, and physical properties of these materials, they can serve as the active sensing element or a supporting substrate for diverse healthcare applications. In this review, we provide a survey of the recent reports on the applications of 2D materials in biosensing and other emerging healthcare areas, ranging from wearable technologies to optogenetics to neural interfacing. Specifically, this review provides (i) a holistic evaluation of relevant material properties across a wide range of 2D systems, (ii) a comparison of 2D material-based biosensors to the state-of-the-art, (iii) relevant material synthesis approaches specifically reported for healthcare applications, and (iv) the technological considerations to facilitate mass production and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chengye Dong
- State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | | | - Nicholas R Glavin
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , Air Force Research Laboratory , WPAFB , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Christopher Muratore
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Dayton , Dayton , Ohio 45469 , United States
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22
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Carvalho CR, Silva-Correia J, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Nanotechnology in peripheral nerve repair and reconstruction. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:308-343. [PMID: 30639255 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana R Carvalho
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva-Correia
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
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23
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Campisciano V, Calabrese C, Liotta LF, La Parola V, Spinella A, Aprile C, Gruttadauria M, Giacalone F. Templating effect of carbon nanoforms on highly cross‐linked imidazolium network: Catalytic activity of the resulting hybrids with Pd nanoparticles. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Campisciano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF)Università degli Studi di Palermo V.le delle Scienze Ed. 17 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Carla Calabrese
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF)Università degli Studi di Palermo V.le delle Scienze Ed. 17 90128 Palermo Italy
- Laboratory of Applied Material Chemistry (CMA)University of Namur 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Leonarda Francesca Liotta
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati ISMN‐CNR Via Ugo La Malfa 153 90146 Palermo Italy
| | - Valeria La Parola
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati ISMN‐CNR Via Ugo La Malfa 153 90146 Palermo Italy
| | - Alberto Spinella
- Centro Grandi Apparecchiature‐ATeN CenterUniversità degli Studi di Palermo Via F. Marini 14 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Carmela Aprile
- Laboratory of Applied Material Chemistry (CMA)University of Namur 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Michelangelo Gruttadauria
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF)Università degli Studi di Palermo V.le delle Scienze Ed. 17 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Francesco Giacalone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF)Università degli Studi di Palermo V.le delle Scienze Ed. 17 90128 Palermo Italy
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24
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Kamyshny A, Magdassi S. Conductive nanomaterials for 2D and 3D printed flexible electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1712-1740. [PMID: 30569917 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00738a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review describes recent developments in the field of conductive nanomaterials and their application in 2D and 3D printed flexible electronics, with particular emphasis on inks based on metal nanoparticles and nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and graphene sheets. We present the basic properties of these nanomaterials, their stabilization in dispersions, formulation of conductive inks and formation of conductive patterns on flexible substrates (polymers, paper, textile) by using various printing technologies and post-printing processes. Applications of conductive nanomaterials for fabrication of various 2D and 3D electronic devices are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kamyshny
- Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
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25
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Seo JWT, Zhu J, Sangwan VK, Secor EB, Wallace SG, Hersam MC. Fully Inkjet-Printed, Mechanically Flexible MoS 2 Nanosheet Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:5675-5681. [PMID: 30693759 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed two-dimensional materials offer a scalable route toward next-generation printed devices. In this report, we demonstrate fully inkjet-printed photodetectors using molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets as the active material and graphene as the electrodes. Percolating films of semiconducting MoS2 with high electrical conductivity are achieved with an ethyl cellulose-based ink formulation. Two classes of photodetectors are fabricated, including thermally annealed devices on glass with fast photoresponse of 150 μs and photonically annealed devices on flexible polyimide with high photoresponsivity exceeding 50 mA/W. The photonically annealed photodetector also reduces the curing time to milliseconds and maintains functionality over 500 bending cycles.
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26
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Shabanov N, Chiolerio A, Isaev A, Amirov A, Rabadanov K, Akhmedov A, Asvarov A. A Water‐Soluble Ink Based on Diamine Silver(I) Carbonate, Ammonium Formate, and Polyols for Inkjet Printing of Conductive Patterns. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Shabanov
- Dagestan Scientific Center Russian Academy of Sciences Analytical Center for Collective Use Gadzhiyev str. 45 367000 Makhachkala Russian Federation
| | - Alessandro Chiolerio
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Livorno, 60 10144 Turin Italy
| | - Abdulgalim Isaev
- Dagestan State University Gadzhiyev str. 43‐a 367000 Makhachkala Russian Federation
| | - Akhmed Amirov
- Dagestan Scientific Center Russian Academy of Sciences Analytical Center for Collective Use Gadzhiyev str. 45 367000 Makhachkala Russian Federation
| | - Kamil Rabadanov
- Dagestan Scientific Center Russian Academy of Sciences Analytical Center for Collective Use Gadzhiyev str. 45 367000 Makhachkala Russian Federation
| | - Akhmed Akhmedov
- Institute of Physics Dagestan Scientific Center Russian Academy of Sciences Yaragskogo str., 94 367003 Makhachkala Russian Federation
| | - Abil Asvarov
- Institute of Physics Dagestan Scientific Center Russian Academy of Sciences Yaragskogo str., 94 367003 Makhachkala Russian Federation
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27
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Belessi V, Petridis D, Steriotis T, Spyrou K, Manolis GK, Psycharis V, Georgakilas V. Simultaneous reduction and surface functionalization of graphene oxide for highly conductive and water dispersible graphene derivatives. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-018-0077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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28
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Das SR, Srinivasan S, Stromberg LR, He Q, Garland N, Straszheim WE, Ajayan PM, Balasubramanian G, Claussen JC. Superhydrophobic inkjet printed flexible graphene circuits via direct-pulsed laser writing. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:19058-19065. [PMID: 29119163 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06213c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solution-phase printing of exfoliated graphene flakes is emerging as a low-cost means to create flexible electronics for numerous applications. The electrical conductivity and electrochemical reactivity of printed graphene has been shown to improve with post-print processing methods such as thermal, photonic, and laser annealing. However, to date no reports have shown the manipulation of surface wettability via post-print processing of printed graphene. Herein, we demonstrate how the energy density of a direct-pulsed laser writing (DPLW) technique can be varied to tune the hydrophobicity and electrical conductivity of the inkjet-printed graphene (IPG). Experimental results demonstrate that the DPLW process can convert the IPG surface from one that is initially hydrophilic (contact angle ∼47.7°) and electrically resistive (sheet resistance ∼21 MΩ □-1) to one that is superhydrophobic (CA ∼157.2°) and electrically conductive (sheet resistance ∼1.1 kΩ □-1). Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations reveal that both the nanoscale graphene flake orientation and surface chemistry of the IPG after DPLW processing induce these changes in surface wettability. Moreover, DPLW can be performed with IPG printed on thermally and chemically sensitive substrates such as flexible paper and polymers. Hence, the developed, flexible IPG electrodes treated with DPLW could be useful for a wide range of applications such as self-cleaning, wearable, or washable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprem R Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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29
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Secor EB, Gao TZ, Dos Santos MH, Wallace SG, Putz KW, Hersam MC. Combustion-Assisted Photonic Annealing of Printable Graphene Inks via Exothermic Binders. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:29418-29423. [PMID: 28820238 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput and low-temperature processing of high-performance nanomaterial inks is an important technical challenge for large-area, flexible printed electronics. In this report, we demonstrate nitrocellulose as an exothermic binder for photonic annealing of conductive graphene inks, leveraging the rapid decomposition kinetics and built-in energy of nitrocellulose to enable versatile process integration. This strategy results in superlative electrical properties that are comparable to extended thermal annealing at 350 °C, using a pulsed light process that is compatible with thermally sensitive substrates. The resulting porous microstructure and broad liquid-phase patterning compatibility are exploited for printed graphene microsupercapacitors on paper-based substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan B Secor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ⊥Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Theodore Z Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ⊥Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Manuel H Dos Santos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ⊥Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shay G Wallace
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ⊥Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karl W Putz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ⊥Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ⊥Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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30
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Ligon SC, Liska R, Stampfl J, Gurr M, Mülhaupt R. Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10212-10290. [PMID: 28756658 PMCID: PMC5553103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1138] [Impact Index Per Article: 162.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) alias 3D printing translates computer-aided design (CAD) virtual 3D models into physical objects. By digital slicing of CAD, 3D scan, or tomography data, AM builds objects layer by layer without the need for molds or machining. AM enables decentralized fabrication of customized objects on demand by exploiting digital information storage and retrieval via the Internet. The ongoing transition from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing prompts new challenges for mechanical engineers and materials scientists alike. Because polymers are by far the most utilized class of materials for AM, this Review focuses on polymer processing and the development of polymers and advanced polymer systems specifically for AM. AM techniques covered include vat photopolymerization (stereolithography), powder bed fusion (SLS), material and binder jetting (inkjet and aerosol 3D printing), sheet lamination (LOM), extrusion (FDM, 3D dispensing, 3D fiber deposition, and 3D plotting), and 3D bioprinting. The range of polymers used in AM encompasses thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, hydrogels, functional polymers, polymer blends, composites, and biological systems. Aspects of polymer design, additives, and processing parameters as they relate to enhancing build speed and improving accuracy, functionality, surface finish, stability, mechanical properties, and porosity are addressed. Selected applications demonstrate how polymer-based AM is being exploited in lightweight engineering, architecture, food processing, optics, energy technology, dentistry, drug delivery, and personalized medicine. Unparalleled by metals and ceramics, polymer-based AM plays a key role in the emerging AM of advanced multifunctional and multimaterial systems including living biological systems as well as life-like synthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Clark Ligon
- Laboratory
for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, The
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and
Technology, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna A-1060, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and
Technology, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna A-1060, Austria
| | - Jürgen Stampfl
- Institute of Applied
Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science and
Technology, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna A-1060, Austria
| | - Matthias Gurr
- H.
B. Fuller Deutschland GmbH, An der Roten Bleiche 2-3, Lüneburg D-21335, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg
Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
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31
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Ligon SC, Liska R, Stampfl J, Gurr M, Mülhaupt R. Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing. Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00074 impact factor 2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Clark Ligon
- Laboratory
for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, The Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Matthias Gurr
- H. B. Fuller Deutschland GmbH, An der Roten Bleiche 2-3, Lüneburg D-21335, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg
Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
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32
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Kawamoto M, He P, Ito Y. Green Processing of Carbon Nanomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1602423. [PMID: 27859655 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) from fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene are promising carbon allotropes for various applications such as energy-conversion devices and biosensors. Because pristine CNMs show substantial van der Waals interactions and a hydrophobic nature, precipitation is observed immediately in most organic solvents and water. This inevitable aggregation leads to poor processability and diminishes the intrinsic properties of the CNMs. Highly toxic and hazardous chemicals are used for chemical and physical modification of CNMs, even though efficient dispersed solutions are obtained. The development of an environmentally friendly dispersion method for both safe and practical processing is a great challenge. Recent green processing approaches for the manipulation of CNMs using chemical and physical modification are highlighted. A summary of the current research progress on: i) energy-efficient and less-toxic chemical modification of CNMs using covalent-bonding functionality and ii) non-covalent-bonding methodologies through physical modification using green solvents and dispersants, and chemical-free mechanical stimuli is provided. Based on these experimental studies, recent advances and challenges for the potential application of green-processable energy-conversion and biological devices are provided. Finally, a conclusion section is provided summarizing the insights from the present studies as well as some future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuki Kawamoto
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Pan He
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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Abstract
Owing to their capability of bypassing conventional high-priced and inflexible silicon based electronics to manufacture a variety of devices on flexible substrates by using large-scale and high-volume printing techniques, printed electronics (PE) have attracted increasing attention in the field of manufacturing industry for electronic devices. This simple and cost-effective approach could enhance current methods of constructing a patterned surface for nanomaterials and offer opportunities for developing fully-printed functional devices, especially offering the possibility of ubiquitous low-cost and flexible devices. This review presents a summary of work to date on the inorganic nanomaterials involved in PE applications, focused on the utilization of inorganic nanomaterials-based inks in the successful preparation of printed conductive patterns, electrodes, sensors, thin film transistors (TFTs) and other micro-/nanoscale devices. The printing techniques, sintering methods and printability of functional inks with their associated challenges are discussed, and we look forward so you can glimpse the future of PE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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34
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Koutsioukis A, Georgakilas V, Belessi V, Zboril R. Highly Conductive Water-Based Polymer/Graphene Nanocomposites for Printed Electronics. Chemistry 2017; 23:8268-8274. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vassiliki Belessi
- Department of Graphic Arts; Technological Educational Institution of Athens; Agiou Spyridonos Street 12210 Egaleo Athens Greece
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials; Department of Physical Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Palacky University in Olomouc; 17. Listopadu, 1192/12 771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
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35
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McManus D, Vranic S, Withers F, Sanchez-Romaguera V, Macucci M, Yang H, Sorrentino R, Parvez K, Son SK, Iannaccone G, Kostarelos K, Fiori G, Casiraghi C. Water-based and biocompatible 2D crystal inks for all-inkjet-printed heterostructures. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:343-350. [PMID: 28135260 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting the properties of two-dimensional crystals requires a mass production method able to produce heterostructures of arbitrary complexity on any substrate. Solution processing of graphene allows simple and low-cost techniques such as inkjet printing to be used for device fabrication. However, the available printable formulations are still far from ideal as they are either based on toxic solvents, have low concentration, or require time-consuming and expensive processing. In addition, none is suitable for thin-film heterostructure fabrication due to the re-mixing of different two-dimensional crystals leading to uncontrolled interfaces and poor device performance. Here, we show a general approach to achieve inkjet-printable, water-based, two-dimensional crystal formulations, which also provide optimal film formation for multi-stack fabrication. We show examples of all-inkjet-printed heterostructures, such as large-area arrays of photosensors on plastic and paper and programmable logic memory devices. Finally, in vitro dose-escalation cytotoxicity assays confirm the biocompatibility of the inks, extending their possible use to biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl McManus
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sandra Vranic
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Freddie Withers
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Veronica Sanchez-Romaguera
- Manchester Enterprise Centre, Alliance Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9SS, UK
| | - Massimo Macucci
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Huafeng Yang
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Khaled Parvez
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Seok-Kyun Son
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Giuseppe Iannaccone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gianluca Fiori
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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36
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Akinwande D. Two-dimensional materials: Printing functional atomic layers. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:287-288. [PMID: 28383038 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deji Akinwande
- Microelectronics Research Center, The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78758, USA
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37
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Fu K, Yao Y, Dai J, Hu L. Progress in 3D Printing of Carbon Materials for Energy-Related Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603486. [PMID: 27982475 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The additive-manufacturing (AM) technique, known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has attracted much attention in industry and academia in recent years. 3D printing has been developed for a variety of applications. Printable inks are the most important component for 3D printing, and are related to the materials, the printing method, and the structures of the final 3D-printed products. Carbon materials, due to their good chemical stability and versatile nanostructure, have been widely used in 3D printing for different applications. Good inks are mainly based on volatile solutions having carbon materials as fillers such as graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon blacks, and solvent, as well as polymers and other additives. Studies of carbon materials in 3D printing, especially GO-based materials, have been extensively reported for energy-related applications. In these circumstances, understanding the very recent developments of 3D-printed carbon materials and their extended applications to address energy-related challenges and bring new concepts for material designs are becoming urgent and important. Here, recent developments in 3D printing of emerging devices for energy-related applications are reviewed, including energy-storage applications, electronic circuits, and thermal-energy applications at high temperature. To close, a conclusion and outlook are provided, pointing out future designs and developments of 3D-printing technology based on carbon materials for energy-related applications and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yonggang Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jiaqi Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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38
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Torres Arango MA, Cipollone DT, Grant LO, Korakakis D, Sierros KA. Continuous-Flow Direct Writing of Hybrid TiO2 Flexible Photo-Electrodes: Processing, Microstructure and Functionality Interrelations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1557/adv.2017.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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39
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Zhu J, Hersam MC. Assembly and Electronic Applications of Colloidal Nanomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603895. [PMID: 27862354 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Artificial solids and thin films assembled from colloidal nanomaterials give rise to versatile properties that can be exploited in a range of technologies. In particular, solution-based processes allow for the large-scale and low-cost production of nanoelectronics on rigid or mechanically flexible substrates. To achieve this goal, several processing steps require careful consideration, including nanomaterial synthesis or exfoliation, purification, separation, assembly, hybrid integration, and device testing. Using a ubiquitous electronic device - the field-effect transistor - as a platform, colloidal nanomaterials in three electronic material categories are reviewed systematically: semiconductors, conductors, and dielectrics. The resulting comparative analysis reveals promising opportunities and remaining challenges for colloidal nanomaterials in electronic applications, thereby providing a roadmap for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3108, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3108, USA
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208-3108, USA
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40
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He C, Wang XF, Zhang WX. Coupling effects of the electric field and bending on the electronic and magnetic properties of penta-graphene nanoribbons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:18426-18433. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03404k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic configuration transitions for P-GNRs vs. critical electric field strength on applying different bending strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. He
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - X. F. Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - W. X. Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Chang'an University
- Xi'an 710064
- China
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41
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Kłopotowski Ł, Backes C, Mitioglu AA, Vega-Mayoral V, Hanlon D, Coleman JN, Ivanov VY, Maude DK, Plochocka P. Revealing the nature of excitons in liquid exfoliated monolayer tungsten disulphide. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:425701. [PMID: 27606691 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/42/425701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) hold promise for applications in novel optoelectronic devices. There is therefore a need for materials that can be obtained in large quantities and with well understood optical properties. In this report, we present thorough photoluminescence (PL) investigations of monolayer tungsten disulphide obtained via liquid phase exfoliation. As shown by microscopy studies, the exfoliated nanosheets have dimensions of tens of nanometers and thickness of 2.5 monolayers on average. The monolayer content is about 20%. Our studies show that at low temperature the PL is dominated by excitons localized on nanosheet edges. As a consequence, the PL is strongly sensitive to the environment and exhibits an enhanced splitting in magnetic field. As the temperature is increased, the excitons are thermally excited out of the defect states and the dominant transition is that of the negatively charged exciton. Furthermore, upon excitation with a circularly polarized light, the PL retains a degree of polarization reaching 50% and inherited from the valley polarized photoexcited excitons. The studies of PL dynamics reveal that the PL lifetime is on the order of 10 ps, which is probably limited by non-radiative processes. Our results underline the potential of liquid exfoliated TMD monolayers in large scale optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ł Kłopotowski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikw 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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42
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Parviz D, Irin F, Shah SA, Das S, Sweeney CB, Green MJ. Challenges in Liquid-Phase Exfoliation, Processing, and Assembly of Pristine Graphene. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:8796-8818. [PMID: 27546380 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in the exfoliation, dispersion, and processing of pristine graphene (i.e., non-oxidized graphene) are described. General metrics are outlined that can be used to assess the quality and processability of various "graphene" products, as well as metrics that determine the potential for industrial scale-up. The pristine graphene production process is categorized from a chemical engineering point of view with three key steps: i) pretreatment, ii) exfoliation, and iii) separation. How pristine graphene colloidal stability is distinct from the exfoliation step and is dependent upon graphene interactions with solvents and dispersants are extensively reviewed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of using pristine graphene as nanofillers in polymer composites, as well as as building blocks for macrostructure assemblies are summarized in the context of large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Parviz
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Fahmida Irin
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Smit A Shah
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Sriya Das
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Charles B Sweeney
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Micah J Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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43
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Yeo JC, Lim CT. Emerging flexible and wearable physical sensing platforms for healthcare and biomedical applications. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2016; 2:16043. [PMID: 31057833 PMCID: PMC6444731 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2016.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There are now numerous emerging flexible and wearable sensing technologies that can perform a myriad of physical and physiological measurements. Rapid advances in developing and implementing such sensors in the last several years have demonstrated the growing significance and potential utility of this unique class of sensing platforms. Applications include wearable consumer electronics, soft robotics, medical prosthetics, electronic skin, and health monitoring. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of the emerging flexible and wearable sensing platforms for healthcare and biomedical applications. We first introduce the selection of flexible and stretchable materials and the fabrication of sensors based on these materials. We then compare the different solid-state and liquid-state physical sensing platforms and examine the mechanical deformation-based working mechanisms of these sensors. We also highlight some of the exciting applications of flexible and wearable physical sensors in emerging healthcare and biomedical applications, in particular for artificial electronic skins, physiological health monitoring and assessment, and therapeutic and drug delivery. Finally, we conclude this review by offering some insight into the challenges and opportunities facing this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Chuan Yeo
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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44
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Novoselov KS, Mishchenko A, Carvalho A, Castro Neto AH. 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures. Science 2016; 353:aac9439. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aac9439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3876] [Impact Index Per Article: 484.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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45
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Secor EB, Smith J, Marks TJ, Hersam MC. High-Performance Inkjet-Printed Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide Transistors Enabled by Embedded, Chemically Stable Graphene Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:17428-17434. [PMID: 27327555 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in solution-processed amorphous oxide semiconductors have established indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) as a promising candidate for printed electronics. A key challenge for this vision is the integration of IGZO thin-film transistor (TFT) channels with compatible source/drain electrodes using low-temperature, solution-phase patterning methods. Here we demonstrate the suitability of inkjet-printed graphene electrodes for this purpose. In contrast to common inkjet-printed silver-based conductive inks, graphene provides a chemically stable electrode-channel interface. Furthermore, by embedding the graphene electrode between two consecutive IGZO printing passes, high-performance IGZO TFTs are achieved with an electron mobility of ∼6 cm(2)/V·s and current on/off ratio of ∼10(5). The resulting printed devices exhibit robust stability to aging in ambient as well as excellent resilience to thermal stress, thereby offering a promising platform for future printed electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan B Secor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jeremy Smith
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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46
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Georgakilas V, Koutsioukis A, Petr M, Tucek J, Zboril R. Remarkable enhancement of the electrical conductivity of carbon nanostructured thin films after compression. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:11413-11417. [PMID: 27215186 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr09025c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate a significant improvement in the electrical conductivity of carbon nanostructured thin films, composed of graphene nanosheets and multiwalled carbon nanotubes, by compression/polishing. It is shown that the sheet resistance of compressed thin films of carbon nanostructures and hybrids is remarkably decreased in comparison with that of as-deposited films. The number of the interconnections, the distance between the nanostructures as well as their orientation are highly altered by the compression favoring the electrical conductivity of the compressed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Petr
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17.listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Tucek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17.listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17.listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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47
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Gerchman D, Alves AK. Solution-processable exfoliation and suspension of atomically thin WSe2. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 468:247-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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48
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Kim TY, Amani M, Ahn GH, Song Y, Javey A, Chung S, Lee T. Electrical Properties of Synthesized Large-Area MoS₂ Field-Effect Transistors Fabricated with Inkjet-Printed Contacts. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2819-2826. [PMID: 26820160 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the electrical properties of synthesized large-area monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) field-effect transistors (FETs) with low-cost inkjet-printed Ag electrodes. The monolayer MoS2 film was grown by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, and the top-contact Ag source/drain electrodes (S/D) were deposited onto the films using a low-cost drop-on-demand inkjet-printing process without any masks and surface treatments. The electrical characteristics of FETs were comparable to those fabricated by conventional deposition methods such as photo- or electron beam lithography. The contact properties between the S/D and the semiconductor layer were also evaluated using the Y-function method and an analysis of the output characteristic at the low drain voltage regimes. Furthermore, the electrical instability under positive gate-bias stress was studied to investigate the charge-trapping mechanism of the FETs. CVD-grown large-area monolayer MoS2 FETs with inkjet-printed contacts may represent an attractive approach for realizing large-area and low-cost thin-film electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Matin Amani
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Geun Ho Ahn
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Younggul Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ali Javey
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Seungjun Chung
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
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49
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Backes C, Paton KR, Hanlon D, Yuan S, Katsnelson MI, Houston J, Smith RJ, McCloskey D, Donegan JF, Coleman JN. Spectroscopic metrics allow in situ measurement of mean size and thickness of liquid-exfoliated few-layer graphene nanosheets. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:4311-23. [PMID: 26838813 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08047a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase exfoliation is a powerful and scalable technique to produce defect-free mono- and few-layer graphene. However, samples are typically polydisperse and control over size and thickness is challenging. Notably, high throughput techniques to measure size and thickness are lacking. In this work, we have measured the extinction, absorption, scattering and Raman spectra for liquid phase exfoliated graphene nanosheets of various lateral sizes (90 ≤ 〈L〉 ≤ 810 nm) and thicknesses (2.7 ≤ 〈N〉 ≤ 10.4). We found all spectra to show well-defined dependences on nanosheet dimensions. Measurements of extinction and absorption spectra of nanosheet dispersions showed both peak position and spectral shape to vary with nanosheet thickness in a manner consistent with theoretical calculations. This allows the development of empirical metrics to extract the mean thickness of liquid dispersed nanosheets from an extinction (or absorption) spectrum. While the scattering spectra depended on nanosheet length, poor signal to noise ratios made the resultant length metric unreliable. By analyzing Raman spectra measured on graphene nanosheet networks, we found both the D/G intensity ratio and the width of the G-band to scale with mean nanosheet length allowing us to establish quantitative relationships. In addition, we elucidate the variation of 2D/G band intensities and 2D-band shape with the mean nanosheet thickness, allowing us to establish quantitative metrics for mean nanosheet thickness from Raman spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Backes
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Keith R Paton
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Damien Hanlon
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Shengjun Yuan
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University of Nijmegen, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mikhail I Katsnelson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University of Nijmegen, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - James Houston
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Ronan J Smith
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - David McCloskey
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - John F Donegan
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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50
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Kim B, Geier ML, Hersam MC, Dodabalapur A. Inkjet Printed Circuits on Flexible and Rigid Substrates Based on Ambipolar Carbon Nanotubes with High Operational Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27654-27660. [PMID: 26619154 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Inkjet printed ambipolar transistors and circuits with high operational stability are demonstrated on flexible and rigid substrates employing semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). All patterns, which include electrodes, semiconductors, and vias, are realized by inkjet printing without the use of rigid physical masks and photolithography. An Al2O3 layer deposited on devices by atomic layer deposition (ALD) transforms p-type SWCNT thin-film transistors (TFTs) into ambipolar SWCNT TFTs and encapsulates them effectively. The ambipolar SWCNT TFTs have balanced electron and hole mobilities, which facilitates their use in multicomponent circuits. For example, a variety of logic gates and ring oscillators are demonstrated based on the ambipolar TFTs. The three-stage ring oscillator operates continuously for longer than 80 h under ambient conditions with only slight deviations in oscillation frequency. The successful demonstration of ambipolar devices by inkjet printing will enable a new class of circuits that utilize n-channel, p-channel, and ambipolar circuit components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongjun Kim
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Michael L Geier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ananth Dodabalapur
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
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